BNKD 0001193125-20-229931 6-K as filed: Aug 25, 2020

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BMO Financial Group Reports Third Quarter 2020 Results

REPORT TO SHAREHOLDERS

Financial Results Highlights

Third Quarter 2020 Compared With Third Quarter 2019:

•

Net income of $1,232 million, compared with $1,557 million; adjusted net income¹ of $1,259 million, compared with $1,582 million

•

Reported EPS² of $1.81, compared with $2.34; adjusted EPS^1,2of $1.85, compared with $2.38

•

Revenue, net of CCPB³, of $6,000 million, up 4%

•

Provision for credit losses (PCL) of $1,054 million, compared with $306 million; current quarter includes PCL on performing loans of $608 million

•

ROE of 9.4%, compared with 13.2%; adjusted ROE¹ of 9.6%, compared with 13.5%

•

Common Equity Tier 1 Ratio of 11.6%

•

Dividend of $1.06, unchanged from the prior quarter; up 3% from the prior year

Year-to-Date 2020 Compared With Year-to-Date 2019:

•

Net income of $3,513 million, compared with $4,564 million; adjusted net income¹ of $3,591 million, compared with $4,642 million

•

Reported EPS² of $5.18, compared with $6.88; adjusted EPS^1,2 of $5.30, compared with $7.00

•

Revenue, net of CCPB³, of $17,492 million, up 3%

•

Provision for credit losses of $2,521 million, compared with $619 million, including year-to-date PCL on performing loans of $1,338 million

•

ROE of 9.3%, compared with 13.5%; adjusted ROE¹ of 9.5%, compared with 13.7%

Toronto, August 25, 2020 – For the third quarter ended July 31, 2020, BMO Financial Group recorded net income of $1,232 million or $1.81 per share on a reported basis, and net income of $1,259 million or $1.85 per share on an adjusted basis.

“For the third quarter, we delivered very good results in a fluid environment, demonstrating the continued strength and resiliency of our diversified business model. We produced adjusted earnings per share of $1.85, strong pre-provision pre-tax earnings⁽¹⁾ of $2.6 billion, up 12% year-over-year, and provided prudently for loan losses and demonstrated capital strength,” said Darryl White, Chief Executive Officer, BMO Financial Group.

“We entered the COVID-19 pandemic with momentum and in a position of strength and we have served our communities with consistent, safe and uninterrupted access to banking services and personalized financial advice. While the pandemic continues to have a serious disruptive impact causing lingering uncertainty and hardship for many, we are committed to standing by our customers and employees as we move into the next phase of the economic recovery.

“This quarter, we continued to deliver on our commitment to expense management, a critical and appropriate lever in the current environment. Expenses declined 2% from the prior quarter and year-over-year. Operating leverage for the quarter was 5.3% and year-to-date operating leverage was strong at 2.9%.

“We are moving forward with a strong foundation and good operating momentum, and are well positioned to withstand both economic headwinds and recovery. We will continue to provide unwavering support to our customers while delivering increased shareholder value through efficiency, discipline and a strong focus on our strategic goals,” concluded Mr. White.

(1)

Results and measures in this document are presented on a GAAP basis. They are also presented on an adjusted basis that excludes the impact of certain items. Adjusted results and measures are non-GAAP and are detailed for all reported periods in the Non-GAAP Measures section, where such non-GAAP measures and their closest GAAP counterparts are disclosed.

(2)	All Earnings per Share (EPS) measures in this document refer to diluted EPS, unless specified otherwise. EPS is calculated using net income after deducting total dividends on preferred shares and distributions payable on other equity instruments.

(3)	On a basis that nets insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities (CCPB) against insurance revenue.

Note: All ratios and percentage changes in this document are based on unrounded numbers.

While COVID-19 continues to have an impact on the bank’s earnings in the current quarter, the bank’s operational performance remains good. Reported net income of $1,232 million and adjusted net income of $1,259 million were impacted by higher provisions for credit losses, which increased $748 million pre-tax, or $550 million after tax. Revenue increased in BMO Capital Markets, BMO Wealth Management and U.S. P&C, partially offset by a decrease in Canadian P&C and Corporate Services. We maintained a disciplined approach to expense management, with adjusted expenses decreasing 2% year-over-year. Overall results demonstrated the resiliency of our diversified earnings platform in a challenging environment.

Return on equity (ROE) was 9.4%, compared with 13.2% in the prior year, and adjusted ROE was 9.6%, compared with 13.5% in the prior year. Return on tangible common equity (ROTCE) and adjusted ROTCE were both 11.1% in the current quarter, compared with 15.8% on both a reported and an adjusted basis in the prior year.

Concurrent with the release of results, BMO announced a fourth quarter 2020 dividend of $1.06 per common share, unchanged from the prior quarter and up $0.03 per share or 3% from the prior year. The quarterly dividend of $1.06 per common share is equivalent to an annual dividend of $4.24 per common share.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, results of operations, reputation and financial performance and condition, including our regulatory capital and liquidity ratios, and credit ratings, as well as its impact on our customers, competitors and trading exposures, and the potential for loss from higher credit, counterparty and mark-to-market losses, will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic and actions taken by governmental and regulatory authorities, which could vary by country, and other third parties in response to the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic may also impact our ability to achieve, or the timing to achieve, certain previously announced targets, goals and objectives. Please refer to the Impact of COVID-19 and Risk Management sections.

Our complete Third Quarter 2020 Report to Shareholders, including our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for the period ended July 31, 2020, is available online at www.bmo.com/investorrelations and at www.sedar.com.

Third Quarter Operating Segment Overview

Canadian P&C

Reported and adjusted net income were $320 million, compared with reported net income of $650 million in the prior year, and adjusted net income of $651 million. Adjusted net income excludes the amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets. Net income was lower due to higher provisions for credit losses and lower revenue.

During the quarter, we were named the Best Commercial Bank in Canada by World Finance magazine for the sixth consecutive year, recognized for our achievements and innovations in the global banking industry. In addition, we launched enhancements to our Indigenous Personal Banking Program, including 12 months free banking with a Performance Plan Chequing Account for new customers, preferred rates on a wide range of mortgage options and a BMO CashBack Mastercard with no annual fee.

U.S. P&C

Reported net income was $263 million, compared with $368 million in the prior year, and adjusted net income was $273 million, compared with $379 million. Adjusted net income excludes the amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets.

Reported net income was US$192 million, compared with US$278 million in the prior year, and adjusted net income was US$199 million, compared with US$286 million, primarily due to higher provisions for credit losses, partially offset by lower expenses.

During the quarter, we were among eight select U.S. banks chosen to offer mobile-first chequing accounts managed via Google Pay, launching in 2021. This collaboration is an acknowledgement of our proven ability to deliver innovative and customer-centric digital financial services.

BMO Wealth Management

Reported net income was $341 million, an increase of $91 million or 37% from the prior year, and adjusted net income was $349 million, an increase of $91 million or 35%. Adjusted net income excludes the amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets. Traditional Wealth reported net income was $271 million, an increase of $45 million or 20%, and adjusted net income was $279 million, an increase of $45 million or 19%, primarily driven by lower expenses and higher revenue, partially offset by higher provisions for credit losses. Insurance net income was $70 million, an increase of $46 million, primarily due to higher revenue.

BMO Private Banking was named Best Private Bank in Canada by World Finance magazine for the tenth consecutive year, a recognition of our client-centric approach and ability to understand and adapt to evolving trends.

BMO Capital Markets

Reported net income was $426 million, an increase of $112 million or 36% from the prior year, and adjusted net income was $435 million, an increase of $116 million or 36%. Adjusted net income excludes the amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets and acquisition integration costs. Strong revenue performance was partially offset by higher provisions for credit losses and higher expenses.

We continue to provide innovative solutions for our clients during the pandemic. In the current quarter, we acted as joint bookrunner on a $625 million senior secured notes offering to support a leveraged buyout of Radio Systems Corporation by a fund managed by Clayton, Dubilier & Rice (CD&R), joint lead arranger and joint bookrunner on the concurrent syndication of a $100 million asset-based lending revolver, and as financial advisor to CD&R on the transaction.

1 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Corporate Services

Reported and adjusted net loss were $118 million, compared with a reported and adjusted net loss of $25 million in the prior year. Results decreased, primarily due to lower treasury-related revenue and higher expenses driven by the impact of a gain on the sale of an office building in the prior year.

Adjusted results in this Third Quarter Operating Segment Overview section are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

Capital

BMO’s Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) Ratio was 11.6% as at July 31, 2020. The CET1 Ratio increased from 11.0% at the end of the second quarter driven by retained earnings growth, lower source currency risk-weighted assets, primarily from a decline in commercial lending and a reduction in the credit valuation adjustments charge, the adjustment for transitional arrangements for expected credit loss provisioning, and other net positive impacts.

Provision for Credit Losses

Total provision for credit losses was $1,054 million, an increase of $748 million from the prior year, with the year-over-year change due to the impact of COVID-19. The total provision for credit losses ratio was 89 basis points, compared with 28 basis points in the prior year. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans was $446 million, an increase of $203 million from the prior year, due to higher provisions in all businesses. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans ratio was 38 basis points, compared with 22 basis points in the prior year. There was a $608 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the current quarter, compared with a $63 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the prior year. The $608 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the current quarter, reflects the impact of the extraordinary and highly uncertain environment on credit conditions, the economy and scenario weights. Please refer to the Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates section and Note 3 in our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for further information on the allowance for credit losses as at July 31, 2020.

Caution

The foregoing sections contain forward-looking statements. Please refer to the Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.

Regulatory Filings

Our continuous disclosure materials, including our interim filings, annual Management’s Discussion and Analysis and audited annual consolidated financial statements, Annual Information Form and Notice of Annual Meeting of Shareholders and Proxy Circular, are available on our website at www.bmo.com/investorrelations, on the Canadian Securities Administrators’ website at www.sedar.com, and on the EDGAR section of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s website at www.sec.gov.

Bank of Montreal uses a unified branding approach that links all of the organization’s member companies. Bank of Montreal, together with its subsidiaries, is known as BMO Financial Group. As such, in this document, the names BMO and BMO Financial Group mean Bank of Montreal, together with its subsidiaries.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 2

Management’s Discussion and Analysis

Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) commentary is as at August 25, 2020. The material that precedes this section comprises part of this MD&A. The MD&A should be read in conjunction with the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements for the period ended July 31, 2020, included in this document, as well as the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2019, and the MD&A for fiscal 2019, contained in our 2019 Annual Report.

BMO’s 2019 Annual Report includes a comprehensive discussion of our businesses, strategies and objectives, and can be accessed on our website at www.bmo.com/investorrelations. Readers are also encouraged to visit the site to view other quarterly financial information.


Table of Contents

4	Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements			30	Balance Sheet
5	Economic Review and Outlook			31	Transactions with Related Parties
6	Financial Highlights			31	Select Financial Instruments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
7	Non-GAAP Measures			31	Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates
8	Foreign Exchange				31	Allowance for Credit Losses
8	Impact of COVID-19			34	Changes in Accounting Policies
10	Net Income			34	Future Changes in Accounting Policies
10	Revenue			34	Other Regulatory Developments
12	Provision for Credit Losses			35	Risk Management
13	Impaired Loans				35	Top and Emerging Risks that May Affect Future Results
13	Insurance Claims, Commissions and Changes in Policy Benefit Liabilities				36	Market Risk
13	Non-Interest Expense				38	Liquidity and Funding Risk
14	Income Taxes				42	Credit Rating
15	Capital Management				45	European Exposures
19	Review of Operating Groups’ Performance			46	Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
	19	Personal and Commercial Banking (P&C)			46	Consolidated Statement of Income
		20	Canadian Personal and Commercial Banking (Canadian P&C)		47	Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
		22	U.S. Personal and Commercial Banking (U.S. P&C)		48	Consolidated Balance Sheet
	24	BMO Wealth Management			49	Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
	26	BMO Capital Markets			50	Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
	28	Corporate Services			51	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
29	Summary Quarterly Earnings Trends			71	Investor and Media Information

Bank of Montreal’s management, under the supervision of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness, as at July 31, 2020, of Bank of Montreal’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in the rules of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Canadian Securities Administrators) and has concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended July 31, 2020, which materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Because of inherent limitations, disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance and may not prevent or detect misstatements.

As in prior quarters, Bank of Montreal’s Audit and Conduct Review Committee reviewed this document and Bank of Montreal’s Board of Directors approved the document prior to its release.

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Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Bank of Montreal’s public communications often include written or oral forward-looking statements. Statements of this type are included in this document, and may be included in other filings with Canadian securities regulators or the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or in other communications. All such statements are made pursuant to the “safe harbor” provisions of, and are intended to be forward-looking statements under, the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and any applicable Canadian securities legislation. Forward-looking statements in this document may include, but are not limited to, statements with respect to our objectives and priorities for fiscal 2020 and beyond, our strategies or future actions, our targets, expectations for our financial condition or share price, the regulatory environment in which we operate and the results of or outlook for our operations or for the Canadian, U.S. and international economies, our response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its expected impact on our business, operations, earnings, results and financial performance and condition, including our regulatory capital and liquidity ratios and credit ratings, as well as its impact on our customers, competitors, reputation and trading exposures, and the potential for loss from higher credit, counterparty and mark-to-market losses, and include statements of our management. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as “will”, “would”, “should”, “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “project”, “intend”, “estimate”, “plan”, “goal”, “target”, “may” and “could.”

By their nature, forward-looking statements require us to make assumptions and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties, both general and specific in nature. There is significant risk that predictions, forecasts, conclusions or projections will not prove to be accurate, that our assumptions may not be correct, and that actual results may differ materially from such predictions, forecasts, conclusions or projections. The uncertainty created by the COVID-19 pandemic has heightened this risk given the increased challenge in making assumptions, predictions, forecasts, conclusions or projections. We caution readers of this document not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements, as a number of factors – many of which are beyond our control and the effects of which can be difficult to predict – could cause actual future results, conditions, actions or events to differ materially from the targets, expectations, estimates or intentions expressed in the forward-looking statements.

The future outcomes that relate to forward-looking statements may be influenced by many factors, including but not limited to: general economic and market conditions in the countries in which we operate; the severity, duration and spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, its impact on local, national or international economies and its heightening of certain risks that may affect our future results; the possible impact on our business and operations of outbreaks of disease or illness that affect local, national or international economies; the Canadian housing market and consumer leverage; weak, volatile or illiquid capital and/or credit markets; interest rate and currency value fluctuations; changes in monetary, fiscal, or economic policy and tax legislation and interpretation; the level of competition in the geographic and business areas in which we operate; changes in laws or in supervisory expectations or requirements, including capital, interest rate and liquidity requirements and guidance, and the effect of such changes on funding costs; judicial or regulatory proceedings; the accuracy and completeness of the information we obtain with respect to our customers and counterparties; failure of third parties to comply with their obligations to us; our ability to execute our strategic plans and to complete and integrate acquisitions, including obtaining regulatory approvals; critical accounting estimates and the effect of changes to accounting standards, rules and interpretations on these estimates; operational and infrastructure risks, including with respect to reliance on third parties; changes to our credit ratings; political conditions, including changes relating to or affecting economic or trade matters; global capital markets activities; the possible effects on our business of war or terrorist activities; natural disasters and disruptions to public infrastructure, such as transportation, communications, power or water supply; technological changes; information, privacy and cyber security, including the threat of data breaches, hacking, identity theft and corporate espionage, as well as the possibility of denial of service resulting from efforts targeted at causing system failure and service disruption; and our ability to anticipate and effectively manage risks arising from all of the foregoing factors.

We caution that the foregoing list is not exhaustive of all possible factors. Other factors and risks could adversely affect our results. For more information, please refer to the discussion in the Risks That May Affect Future Results section, and the sections related to credit and counterparty, market, insurance, liquidity and funding, operational, legal and regulatory, business, strategic, environmental and social, and reputation risk, in the Enterprise-Wide Risk Management section that begins on page 68 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report, and the Risk Management section on page 35 in this document, all of which outline certain key factors and risks that may affect our future results. Investors and others should carefully consider these factors and risks, as well as other uncertainties and potential events, and the inherent uncertainty of forward-looking statements. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statements, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time by the organization or on its behalf, except as required by law.

The forward-looking information contained in this document is presented for the purpose of assisting our shareholders in understanding our financial position as at and for the periods ended on the dates presented, as well as our strategic priorities and objectives, and may not be appropriate for other purposes.

Material economic assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained in this document are set out in the Economic Developments and Outlook section on page 18 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report and updated in the Economic Review and Outlook section set forth in this document, as well as in the Allowance for Credit Losses section set forth in this document. Assumptions about the performance of the Canadian and U.S. economies, as well as overall market conditions and their combined effect on our business, are material factors we consider when determining our strategic priorities, objectives and expectations for our business. In determining our expectations for economic growth, we primarily consider historical economic data, past relationships between economic and financial variables, changes in government policies, and the risks to the domestic and global economy. Please refer to the Economic Review and Outlook and the Allowance for Credit Losses sections.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 4

Economic Review and Outlook

Like most countries, Canada’s economy contracted sharply in the first half of 2020, due to business closures and containment measures required to suppress the outbreak of COVID-19. However, the subsequent decline in virus cases and reopening of non-essential businesses, as well as a partial rebound in oil prices, have led to the early stages of a recovery in activity and employment in recent months. The recovery is expected to gather pace in the second half of the year due to the release of pent-up demand and substantial government policy-support measures. Still, the severity of the downturn and resulting permanent loss of some businesses and jobs, as well as caution on the part of consumers in the absence of a vaccine, suggest the economy is unlikely to fully return to pre-virus levels until the end of 2021. After slowing to a 1.7% rate in 2019, real GDP is estimated to contract 6.0% in 2020, before rebounding 6.0% in 2021. The unemployment rate, which jumped to a postwar high of 13.7% during the lockdowns, fell to 10.9% in July 2020, and is projected to average 8.0% in 2021. The elevated jobless rate is expected to keep inflation low, while encouraging the Bank of Canada to hold the overnight policy rate near zero until at least 2023. The Canadian dollar is projected to strengthen modestly in the year ahead amid firmer resource prices and less safe-haven demand for U.S. dollars as the global economy recovers. Industry-wide consumer credit balances have declined due to lower consumer spending and significant government income-support measures. By contrast, residential mortgage balances have risen in response to low mortgage rates and a rebound in housing demand, with added support from payment deferrals. Industry-wide business credit growth is anticipated to moderate in response to weaker business investment this year.

After a severe contraction in the first half of the year, the U.S. economy and employment recovered strongly after most of the lockdowns were lifted in May 2020. However, a recent resurgence in virus cases has slowed the recovery in several states. After growing 2.2% in 2019, the U.S. economy is currently expected to contract 5.0% in 2020, before rebounding 4.0% in 2021. The recovery has been supported by unprecedented fiscal policy support. After spiking to 14.7% in April 2020, the unemployment rate fell to 10.2% in July 2020, and is projected to average 7.0% in 2021. The Federal Reserve is expected to keep policy rates close to zero until at least 2023, to sustain the recovery and return inflation to the 2% target. Reduced consumer spending is likely to slow industry-wide consumer credit growth this year, while demand for residential mortgages will likely moderate, despite a recent rebound in housing markets. Declining business investment is anticipated to reduce industry-wide commercial loan growth this year.

The unknown path of the coronavirus pandemic will subject the economic outlook to a high degree of uncertainty and risk until a vaccine or an effective treatment is available and is widely distributed. Specifically, the possibility of a second wave of the pandemic in the winter could lead to renewed widespread shutdowns of nonessential business activity, potentially leading to another economic contraction.

This Economic Review and Outlook section contains forward-looking statements. Please see the Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.

5 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Financial Highlights


(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)	Q3-2020			Q2-2020			Q3-2019		YTD-2020			YTD-2019

Summary Income Statement
Net interest income (1)		3,535			3,518			3,217		10,441			9,524
Non-interest revenue		3,654			1,746			3,449		8,759			9,872
Revenue		7,189			5,264			6,666		19,200			19,396
Insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities (CCPB)		1,189			(197	)		887		1,708			2,374
Revenue, net of CCPB		6,000			5,461			5,779		17,492			17,022
Provision for credit losses on impaired loans		446			413			243		1,183			520
Provision for credit losses on performing loans		608			705			63		1,338			99
Total provision for credit losses		1,054			1,118			306		2,521			619
Non-interest expense (1)		3,444			3,516			3,491		10,629			10,643
Provision for income taxes		270			138			425		829			1,196
Net income attributable to equity holders of the bank		1,232			689			1,557		3,513			4,564
Adjusted net income		1,259			715			1,582		3,591			4,642

Common Share Data ($, except as noted)
Earnings per share		1.81			1.00			2.34		5.18			6.88
Adjusted earnings per share		1.85			1.04			2.38		5.30			7.00
Earnings per share growth (%)		(22.8	)		(56.0	)		1.0		(24.7	)		22.9
Adjusted earnings per share growth (%)		(22.3	)		(55.0	)		0.8		(24.3	)		4.9
Dividends declared per share		1.06			1.06			1.03		3.18			3.03
Book value per share		76.60			77.99			70.88		76.60			70.88
Closing share price		73.28			70.77			98.80		73.28			98.80
Number of common shares outstanding (in millions)
End of period		642.8			639.6			639.0		642.8			639.0
Average diluted		641.7			640.2			640.4		640.9			640.4
Total market value of common shares ($ billions)		47.1			45.3			63.1		47.1			63.1
Dividend yield (%)		5.8			6.0			4.2		5.8			4.1
Dividend payout ratio (%)		58.7			106.4			43.9		61.4			43.9
Adjusted dividend payout ratio (%)		57.3			102.2			43.2		59.9			43.2

Financial Measures and Ratios (%)
Return on equity		9.4			5.3			13.2		9.3			13.5
Adjusted return on equity		9.6			5.5			13.5		9.5			13.7
Return on tangible common equity		11.1			6.4			15.8		11.0			16.2
Adjusted return on tangible common equity		11.1			6.4			15.8		11.0			16.3
Net income growth		(20.9	)		(53.9	)		1.3		(23.0	)		21.5
Adjusted net income growth		(20.4	)		(53.0	)		1.1		(22.6	)		4.3
Revenue growth		7.8			(15.3	)		15.1		(1.0	)		14.0
Revenue growth, net of CCPB		3.8			(3.4	)		4.6		2.8			6.1
Non-interest expense growth		(1.4	)		(2.2	)		3.9		(0.1	)		3.5
Adjusted non-interest expense growth		(1.5	)		(2.2	)		4.1		(0.1	)		6.2
Efficiency ratio, net of CCPB		57.4			64.4			60.4		60.8			62.5
Adjusted efficiency ratio, net of CCPB		56.8			63.8			59.9		60.2			61.9
Operating leverage, net of CCPB		5.2			(1.2	)		0.7		2.9			2.6
Adjusted operating leverage, net of CCPB		5.3			(1.2	)		0.5		2.9			(0.1	)
Net interest margin on average earning assets		1.59			1.70			1.67		1.65			1.69
Effective tax rate		18.0			16.6			21.5		19.1			20.8
Adjusted effective tax rate		18.2			16.7			21.5		19.2			20.8
Total PCL-to-average net loans and acceptances (annualized)		0.89			0.94			0.28		0.72			0.19
PCL on impaired loans-to-average net loans and acceptances (annualized)		0.38			0.35			0.22		0.34			0.16

Balance Sheet (as at, $ millions, except as noted)
Assets		973,508			987,067			839,180		973,508			839,180
Gross loans and acceptances		466,611			494,192			444,390		466,611			444,390
Net loans and acceptances		463,360			491,416			442,588		463,360			442,588
Deposits		660,600			653,710			553,383		660,600			553,383
Common shareholders’ equity		49,239			49,886			45,295		49,239			45,295
Cash and securities-to-total assets ratio (%)		32.1			29.7			28.3		32.1			28.3

Capital ratios (%)
CET1 Ratio		11.6			11.0			11.4		11.6			11.4
Tier 1 Capital Ratio		13.1			12.5			13.0		13.1			13.0
Total Capital Ratio		15.8			14.7			15.3		15.8			15.3
Leverage Ratio		4.7			4.6			4.3		4.7			4.3

Foreign Exchange Rates ($)
As at Canadian/U.S. dollar		1.3386			1.3924			1.3198		1.3386			1.3198
Average Canadian/U.S. dollar		1.3584			1.3811			1.3270		1.3517			1.3307

(1)

Effective the first quarter of 2020, the bank adopted IFRS 16, Leases (IFRS 16), recognizing the cumulative effect of adoption in opening retained earnings with no changes to prior periods. Under IFRS 16, the bank as lessee is required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability for most leases. For the three months ended July 31, 2020, we recognized $91 million of depreciation on the right-of-use assets recorded in non-interest expense and $13 million of interest on the lease liability recorded in interest expense. For the nine months ended July 31, 2020, we recognized $270 million and $40 million, respectively. Refer to the Changes in Accounting Policies section on page 34 for further details.

Adjusted results are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 6

Non-GAAP Measures

Results and measures in this document are presented on a GAAP basis. Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts are in Canadian dollars and have been derived from financial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). References to GAAP mean IFRS. They are also presented on an adjusted basis that excludes the impact of certain items, as set out in the table below. Results and measures that exclude the impact of Canadian/U.S. dollar exchange rate movements on our U.S. segment are non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Foreign Exchange section on page 8 for a discussion of the effects of changes in exchange rates on our results. Pre-provision pre-tax earnings (PPPT) is a non-GAAP measure, and is calculated as the difference between revenue, net of insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities (CCPB), and non-interest expense. Management assesses performance on a reported basis and on an adjusted basis, and considers both to be useful in assessing underlying ongoing business performance. Presenting results on both bases provides readers with a better understanding of how management assesses results. It also permits readers to assess the impact of certain specified items on results for the periods presented, and to better assess results excluding those items that may not be reflective of ongoing results. As such, the presentation may facilitate readers’ analysis of trends. Except as otherwise noted, management’s discussion of changes in reported results in this document applies equally to changes in the corresponding adjusted results. Adjusted results and measures are non-GAAP and as such do not have standardized meanings under GAAP. They are unlikely to be comparable to similar measures presented by other companies and should not be viewed in isolation from, or as a substitute for, GAAP results.

Non-GAAP Measures


(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)	Q3-2020			Q2-2020			Q3-2019			YTD-2020			YTD-2019

Reported Results
Revenue		7,189			5,264			6,666			19,200			19,396
Insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities (CCPB)		(1,189	)		197			(887	)		(1,708	)		(2,374	)
Revenue, net of CCPB		6,000			5,461			5,779			17,492			17,022
Total provision for credit losses		(1,054	)		(1,118	)		(306	)		(2,521	)		(619	)
Non-interest expense		(3,444	)		(3,516	)		(3,491	)		(10,629	)		(10,643	)
Income before income taxes		1,502			827			1,982			4,342			5,760
Provision for income taxes		(270	)		(138	)		(425	)		(829	)		(1,196	)
Net income		1,232			689			1,557			3,513			4,564
EPS ($)		1.81			1.00			2.34			5.18			6.88

Adjusting Items (Pre-tax) (1)
Acquisition integration costs (2)		(5	)		(3	)		(3	)		(11	)		(11	)
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets (3)		(32	)		(30	)		(29	)		(91	)		(90	)
Adjusting items included in reported pre-tax income		(37	)		(33	)		(32	)		(102	)		(101	)

Adjusting Items (After tax) (1)
Acquisition integration costs (2)		(4	)		(2	)		(2	)		(8	)		(8	)
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets (3)		(23	)		(24	)		(23	)		(70	)		(70	)
Adjusting items included in reported net income after tax		(27	)		(26	)		(25	)		(78	)		(78	)
Impact on EPS ($)		(0.04	)		(0.04	)		(0.04	)		(0.12	)		(0.12	)

Adjusted Results
Revenue		7,189			5,264			6,666			19,200			19,396
Insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities (CCPB)		(1,189	)		197			(887	)		(1,708	)		(2,374	)
Revenue, net of CCPB		6,000			5,461			5,779			17,492			17,022
Total provision for credit losses		(1,054	)		(1,118	)		(306	)		(2,521	)		(619	)
Non-interest expense		(3,407	)		(3,483	)		(3,459	)		(10,527	)		(10,542	)
Income before income taxes		1,539			860			2,014			4,444			5,861
Provision for income taxes		(280	)		(145	)		(432	)		(853	)		(1,219	)
Net income		1,259			715			1,582			3,591			4,642
EPS ($)		1.85			1.04			2.38			5.30			7.00

(1)	Adjusting items are generally included in Corporate Services, with the exception of the amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets and certain acquisition integration costs, which are charged to the operating groups.

(2)	KGS–Alpha and Clearpool acquisition integration costs are reported in BMO Capital Markets. Acquisition integration costs are recorded in non-interest expense.

(3)	These amounts were charged to the non-interest expense of the operating groups. Before-tax and after-tax amounts for each operating group are provided on pages 19, 20, 22, 24 and 26.

Adjusted results and measures in this table are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures.

7 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Foreign Exchange

The Canadian dollar equivalents of BMO’s U.S. results that are denominated in U.S. dollars increased relative to the third quarter of 2019 and on a year-to-date basis, and decreased relative to the second quarter of 2020, due to changes in the U.S. dollar exchange rate. The table below indicates the relevant average Canadian/U.S. dollar exchange rates and the impact of changes in those rates on our U.S. segment results. References in this document to the impact of the U.S. dollar do not include U.S. dollar-denominated amounts recorded outside of BMO’s U.S. segment.

Changes in exchange rates will affect future results measured in Canadian dollars, and the impact on those results is a function of the periods in which revenues, expenses and provisions for (recoveries of) credit losses arise.

Economically, our U.S. dollar income stream was unhedged to changes in foreign exchange rates during the current and prior year. We regularly determine whether to enter into hedging transactions in order to mitigate the impact of foreign exchange rate movements on net income.

Refer to the Enterprise-Wide Capital Management section on page 59 of the 2019 Annual Report for a discussion of the impact that changes in foreign exchange rates can have on our capital position. Changes in foreign exchange rates will also affect accumulated other comprehensive income, primarily as a result of the translation of our investment in foreign operations.

This Foreign Exchange section contains forward-looking statements. Please refer to the Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.

Effects of Changes in Exchange Rates on BMO’s U.S. Segment Reported and Adjusted Results


	Q3-2020						YTD-2020
(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)	vs. Q3-2019			vs. Q2-2020			vs. YTD-2019
Canadian/U.S. dollar exchange rate (average)
Current period		1.3584			1.3584			1.3517
Prior period		1.3270			1.3811			1.3307

Effects on U.S. segment reported results
Increased (Decreased) net interest income		31			(24	)		63
Increased (Decreased) non-interest revenue		19			(10	)		32
Increased (Decreased) revenues		50			(34	)		95
Decreased (Increased) provision for credit losses		(2	)		7			(5	)
Decreased (Increased) expenses		(33	)		22			(64	)
Decreased (Increased) income taxes		(3	)		1			(5	)
Increased (Decreased) reported net income		12			(4	)		21
Impact on earnings per share ($)		0.02			(0.01	)		0.03

Effects on U.S. segment adjusted results
Increased (Decreased) net interest income		31			(24	)		63
Increased (Decreased) non-interest revenue		19			(10	)		32
Increased (Decreased) revenues		50			(34	)		95
Decreased (Increased) provision for credit losses		(2	)		7			(5	)
Decreased (Increased) expenses		(32	)		22			(63	)
Decreased (Increased) income taxes		(4	)		1			(5	)
Increased (Decreased) adjusted net income		12			(4	)		22
Impact on adjusted earnings per share ($)		0.02			(0.01	)		0.03

Adjusted results in this table are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

Impact of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a dramatic impact on the economy and society. Following the steepest and fastest recession recorded in Canadian history, there are clear signs that the Canadian and global economies have begun the initial stages of recovery. The economic improvement has been supported by unprecedented fiscal policy stimulus and record-low sovereign interest rates in Canada and the United States. However, with some restrictions still in place, uneven success at containing the virus across geographies, borders still closed, and many Canadians reluctant to return fully to normal activities, a complete recovery will likely take an extended period of time. For additional information, please refer to the Economic Review and Outlook section.

We are closely monitoring developments around the spread of the virus and the safety of our employees and clients remains our top priority. We are working closely with relevant public health authorities to monitor the situation and will continue to follow their guidance to make informed decisions. Our branches and offices have incorporated added precautionary measures including enhanced cleaning protocols. Almost all of our branches in Canada and the United States are open and we are maintaining full access to call centres and ATMs. Over 90% of our non-branch workforce continues to work remotely. We continue to take steps to assess and mitigate internal control risks created by the shift in the way we work.

Given the pandemic’s impact on the global economy, there has been a corresponding negative impact on our financial results. In the current quarter, we had good revenue performance in our market sensitive businesses. Revenues in our Canadian and U.S. P&C businesses were impacted by the lower interest rate environment, reflecting the 150 basis points of interest rate cuts implemented by the Bank of Canada and the Federal Reserve during the second quarter. Loan balances generally declined from elevated levels seen in the second quarter, which were largely driven by increased client utilizations in our wholesale portfolios. Deposit growth continues to be strong. The provision for credit losses was $1,054 million in the third quarter, down from the second quarter but still elevated. We maintained a disciplined approach to expense management, with adjusted expenses decreasing 2% year-over-year, while absorbing incremental costs as a result of COVID-19, including a fixed daily allowance paid to a limited number of essential employees required to continue to work onsite, cleaning costs and personal protective equipment costs to ensure the safety of our customers and employees.

We continue to support our customers through this challenging environment, working closely with governments and agencies to implement programs to reduce the financial hardship caused by COVID-19, including payment deferrals and lending facilities designed to help individuals and businesses to withstand stress and recover.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 8

The following table shows the uptake of payment deferral programs by geography and product type. Numbers are approximate and as at July 31, 2020.

Payment Deferrals


	As at July 31, 2020						As at April 30, 2020 (1)
	Number of accounts		Outstanding balances*				Number of accounts		Outstanding balances*
Canada (2)	(in thousands)		(Canadian $ in billions)		% of portfolio		(in thousands)		(Canadian $ in billions)		% of portfolio
Mortgages (including amortizing HELOC)		52.3		17.25		14%		55.0		17.16		14%
Credit Cards		38.5		0.34		5%		37.3		0.33		5%
All other personal lending		84.8		2.37		7%		89.1		2.43		7%
Total Retail – Canada		175.6		19.96		12%		181.4		19.92		13%
Commercial Banking (number of clients)		7.2		9.40		11%		7.4		15.08		17%
United States (3)			(US$ in billions)						(US$ in billions)
Mortgages		1.5		0.45		8%		2.0		0.57		10%
Indirect Auto		8.0		0.21		4%		14.2		0.32		6%
All other personal lending		4.0		0.14		3%		5.2		0.15		3%
Total Retail – United States		13.5		0.80		5%		21.4		1.04		6%
Commercial Banking (number of clients)		1.4		0.90		1%		1.1		3.62		4%

*	Outstanding balances for accounts/clients with payments deferred.

(1)	Payment deferrals reflect as at balances at period end and minor recategorizations to align with Q3 2020 disclosures.

(2)

In Canada mortgage deferrals were available for one to six months. Canadian personal mortgages exclude balances related to non-proprietary mortgages, consistent with an industry reporting definition established by the Canadian Bankers Association; there were approximately $2 billion in balances outstanding related to non-proprietary mortgages in deferral in both periods. For other retail loans and cards, deferral offer was one to six months until June 30, 2020, and one to three months beginning in July 2020. Commercial deferrals granted for three to six months.

(3)	In the United States deferrals on consumer products were available for up to three months. Commercial deferrals granted for three months.

Payment deferral information in the table above represents deferrals outstanding as at July 31, 2020. Requests for payment deferrals have declined significantly since peaking in the second quarter. In Canada, consumer payment deferrals were granted for up to six months. Balances at the end of the third quarter were similar to the second quarter, as 25% of accounts or $4.4 billion in balances that matured during the quarter were offset by growth of approximately $4.3 billion in outstanding balances for clients new to deferral. In the United States, consumer payment deferrals were granted for up to three months and balances have declined since the second quarter. During the third quarter, there were expiries across portfolios. In both Canada and the United States, we are seeing high rates of payment resumption among consumers whose payment deferral period has ended. Commercial payment deferral balances have declined significantly since the second quarter in both Canada and the United States. In the United States, the number of commercial clients on deferral increased, largely reflecting clients with smaller balances. Overall, the large majority of commercial clients previously on deferral have resumed payments. Almost all of the consumer and commercial payment deferrals outstanding as at July 31, 2020 will expire in the fourth quarter.

We are participating in government offered programs in both Canada and the United States, supporting individuals and businesses facing economic hardship due to the pandemic. In Canada, we facilitated $2.6 billion in funding for over 65,000 business banking accounts under the Canada Emergency Business Account (CEBA) Program, for which the eligibility criteria was further expanded this quarter allowing us to help even more of our customers. Under the program, we issue loans that are funded by the government. We determined these loans qualify for derecognition, as the risks and rewards are transferred to the government, and therefore we do not recognize these loans on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. As part of the Government of Canada’s Business Credit Availability Program (BCAP) we are also participating in the Business Development Bank of Canada (BDC), and Export Development Canada (EDC) relief programs to help Canadian businesses of all sizes impacted by COVID-19 obtain needed financing. In Q3 2020, the BDC financing program was expanded to support those medium-sized companies with revenues between $100 million and $500 million. In the United States, we secured US$4.7 billion in funding for almost 22,000 borrowers under the SBA Paycheck Protection program. We have taken a personal and relationship-based approach that considers the unique needs of each customer and leverages our long history and experience through many economic cycles.

In addition to offering financial relief measures to our customers, we have donated to community relief efforts to the fight against COVID-19 on both sides of the border. BMO Financial Group is the lead financial services donor to Sunnybrook’s CONCOR-1 efforts with a gift of $300,000. BMO has been a sponsor of Kids Help Phone’s Walk so Kids Can Talk for almost a decade. In response to COVID-19, the 19^th annual Walk So Kids Can Talk transformed into a new virtual fundraiser. The new virtual Never Dance Alone-a-thon, powered by BMO, took place across Canada on May 31, 2020, to encourage fundraising and spread awareness about the importance of supporting young people through an especially distressing and uncertain time. In the U.S., BMO Harris Bank partnered with the Chicago Bulls to turn surplus Bulls apparel into 10,000 face coverings to be donated to local non-profits.

Central banks around the world continue to provide accommodative policies and make available financing programs to support the smooth functioning of the financial markets. Consistent with other banks, BMO raised deposits and secured funding through the Bank of Canada’s term repo facility in Q2 2020, which will mature by Q2 2021. BMO also utilized certain other central bank programs in Q2 2020 to a modest degree. These other central bank funding programs have since been fully repaid. BMO maintained a strong liquidity position in the third quarter. The bank experienced strong customer deposit inflows in the third quarter, building on the momentum observed in the second quarter, while customer loans declined. For additional information, please refer to the Liquidity and Funding Risk section.

The Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) continued to emphasize the usability of capital buffers, encouraging banks to provide loans and financial services during times of economic stress. The modifications to capital requirements that OSFI announced in the second quarter of 2020 remained in effect in the current quarter, key measures of which include the 1% Domestic Stability Buffer, reduction in the stressed value-at-risk multipliers under market risk, treatment of certain loans subject to payment deferrals as performing loans, and transitional arrangements for credit loss provisioning that are available under the Basel Framework. For additional information, please refer to the Capital Management section.

Despite concern related to heightened cyber threats and fraud activity through the crisis, the financial impact to BMO has been minimal, with only negligible fraud losses due to our early detection and recovery efforts. BMO’s Financial Crimes Unit (FCU) remains fully engaged across a number of security pillars.

9 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Caution

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, results of operations, reputation and financial performance and condition, including our regulatory capital and liquidity ratios, and credit ratings, as well as its impact on our customers, competitors and trading exposures, and the potential for loss from higher credit, counterparty and mark-to-market losses, will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic and actions taken by governmental and regulatory authorities, which could vary by country, and other third parties in response to the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic may also impact our ability to achieve, or the timing to achieve, certain previously announced targets, goals and objectives. For additional information, please refer to the Risk Management section.

This Impact of COVID-19 section contains forward-looking statements. Please see the Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.

Net Income

Q3 2020 vs. Q3 2019

Reported net income was $1,232 million, compared with $1,557 million in the prior year, and adjusted net income was $1,259 million, compared with $1,582 million. Adjusted net income excludes the amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets and acquisition integration costs in both periods. Reported EPS was $1.81, compared with $2.34 in the prior year, and adjusted EPS was $1.85, compared with $2.38.

Adjusted results primarily reflect the impact of higher provisions for credit losses, which increased $748 million pre-tax or $550 million after tax, partially offset by higher revenue and lower expenses. Adjusted net income increased in BMO Capital Markets and BMO Wealth Management, but was more than offset by decreases in our P&C businesses, largely due to higher provisions for credit losses. Corporate Services recorded a higher adjusted net loss from the prior year.

Q3 2020 vs. Q2 2020

Reported net income was $1,232 million, an increase of $543 million from the prior quarter, and adjusted net income was $1,259 million, an increase of $544 million. Both reported EPS and adjusted EPS increased $0.81 from the prior quarter.

Adjusted results were driven by higher revenue, lower expenses and lower provisions for credit losses. Net income in BMO Capital Markets and BMO Wealth Management increased, but was partially offset by a decrease in our P&C businesses and a higher net loss in Corporate Services. Results included the impact of two more days in the current quarter.

Q3 YTD 2020 vs. Q3 YTD 2019

Reported net income was $3,513 million, compared with $4,564 million in the prior year. Adjusted net income was $3,591 million, compared with $4,642 million. Reported EPS was $5.18, compared with $6.88 in the prior year, and adjusted EPS was $5.30, compared with $7.00.

Adjusted net income decreased, due to higher provisions for credit losses, which increased $1,902 million pre-tax or $1,399 million after tax, partially offset by higher revenue. Decreases in adjusted net income were recorded across all operating groups, and Corporate Services recorded a higher adjusted net loss.

Adjusted results in this Net Income section are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please see the Non-GAAP Measures section. See also the Impact of COVID-19 and Risk Management sections.

Revenue ₍₁₎

Q3 2020 vs. Q3 2019

Revenue was $7,189 million, an increase of $523 million or 8% from the prior year, or 7% excluding the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar. On a basis that nets insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities (CCPB) against insurance revenue (net revenue), revenue increased $221 million, or 4% from $5,779 million in the prior year, or 3% excluding the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar.

Revenue increased in BMO Capital Markets, due to higher trading revenue from strong client activity, in BMO Wealth Management, primarily due to higher insurance revenue, and in U.S P&C. Revenue in Canadian P&C decreased due to lower non-interest revenue, with net interest income relatively unchanged as higher balances were offset by lower margins. Corporate Services revenue decreased from the prior year, primarily due to lower treasury-related revenue.

Net interest income was $3,535 million, an increase of $318 million or 10%, or 9% excluding the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar. On an excluding trading basis, net interest income was $2,940 million, a decrease of $38 million or 1%, or 2% excluding the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar, largely due to lower net interest income in Corporate Services, partially offset by modestly higher net interest income in our P&C businesses, with higher balances more than offsetting the impact of lower margins, and higher net interest income in BMO Capital Markets.

Average earning assets were $884.5 billion, an increase of $121.2 billion or 16%, or 15% excluding the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar, due to higher cash resources, loan growth, and higher securities. BMO’s overall net interest margin decreased 8 basis points from the prior year, primarily driven by a higher volume of assets in Corporate Services and BMO Capital Markets, which has a lower spread than the bank, and lower margins in Corporate Services, our P&C businesses and BMO Wealth Management, partially offset by higher trading net interest income. On an excluding trading basis, net interest margin decreased 31 basis points, due to the drivers noted above.

(1)

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 10

Non-interest revenue, net of CCPB, was $2,465 million, compared with $2,562 million in the prior year. The decrease was primarily driven by lower securities gains and decreases in trading, foreign exchange other than trading, and card fee revenue, partially offset by higher insurance and underwriting and advisory fee revenue, as well as investments in associates and joint ventures. On an excluding trading basis, net of CCPB, non-interest revenue was $2,397 million, compared with $2,447 million in the prior year.

Gross insurance revenue increased $332 million from the prior year, primarily due to a higher increase in the fair value of investments in the current quarter from larger decreases in interest rates, compared with the prior year, and the impact of stronger equity markets in the current quarter. These changes related to the fair value of investments were largely offset by changes in policy benefit liabilities, the impact of which is reflected in CCPB, as discussed on page 13. We generally focus on analyzing revenue, net of CCPB, given the extent to which insurance revenue can vary and that this variability is largely offset in CCPB.

Q3 2020 vs. Q2 2020

Revenue was $7,189 million, an increase of $1,925 million or 37% from the prior quarter. Revenue, net of CCPB, increased $539 million or 10% from the prior quarter, or 11% excluding the impact of the weaker U.S. dollar.

Revenue increased in BMO Capital Markets, primarily due to higher trading revenue, and in BMO Wealth Management, largely due to higher insurance revenue, the impact of a legal provision in the prior quarter and stronger global markets. U.S. P&C revenue decreased, primarily due to lower deposit margins and non-interest revenue, partially offset by higher deposit balances, while Canadian P&C revenue was relatively unchanged. Corporate Services revenue decreased from the prior quarter, due to lower treasury-related revenue. The current quarter included two more days.

Net interest income increased $17 million, relatively unchanged from the prior quarter, or 1% excluding the impact of the weaker U.S. dollar. On an excluding trading basis, net interest income decreased $111 million or 4%, or 3% excluding the impact of the weaker U.S. dollar, largely due to lower net interest income in Corporate Services and BMO Capital Markets, partially offset by higher net interest income in BMO Wealth Management and Canadian P&C, with higher balances and the impact of two more days in the current quarter in Canadian P&C more than offsetting lower margins.

Average earning assets increased $40.6 billion or 5%, or 6% excluding the impact of the weaker U.S. dollar, primarily due to higher cash resources, higher securities, loan growth, and higher securities borrowed or purchased under repurchase agreements. BMO’s overall net interest margin decreased 11 basis points from the prior quarter, primarily due to a higher volume of assets in Corporate Services, which has a lower spread than the bank, and lower margins in Corporate Services and our P&C businesses, partially offset by higher trading net interest income. On an excluding trading basis, net interest margin decreased 17 basis points from the prior quarter, due to the drivers noted above.

Non-interest revenue, net of CCPB, was $2,465 million, an increase of $522 million or 27% from the prior quarter, or 28% excluding the weaker U.S. dollar. The increase was primarily driven by higher trading, insurance and underwriting and advisory fee revenue, increased revenue from securities gains and higher investment management and custodial fee revenue. On an excluding trading basis, net of CCPB, non-interest revenue increased $237 million or 11%, or 12% excluding the impact of the weaker U.S. dollar.

Gross insurance revenue increased $1,487 million from the prior quarter, primarily due to an increase in the fair value of investments in the current quarter from decreases in interest rates, compared with a decrease in the fair value of investments in the prior quarter from increases in interest rates, higher annuity sales, and the impact of stronger equity markets in the current quarter. The increase in insurance revenue was largely offset by changes in CCPB, as discussed on page 13.

Net interest income and non-interest revenue are detailed in the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

Q3 YTD 2020 vs. Q3 YTD 2019

Revenue was $19,200 million, compared with $19,396 million in the prior year. Revenue, net of CCPB was $17,492 million, an increase of $470 million or 3% from the prior year, or 2% excluding the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar.

Revenue increased in BMO Capital Markets, primarily due to higher trading revenue, and in our P&C businesses, primarily due to growth in deposit and loan balances, partially offset by lower margins and lower non-interest revenue. BMO Wealth Management net revenue decreased, primarily due to lower insurance revenue. Corporate Services revenue also decreased from the prior year.

Net interest income was $10,441 million, an increase of $917 million or 10%, or 9% excluding the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar. On an excluding trading basis, net interest income was $9,022 million, an increase of $336 million or 4%, or 3% excluding the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar, largely due to higher net interest income in our P&C businesses, with higher balances more than offsetting lower margins, and BMO Capital Markets, partially offset by lower net interest income in Corporate Services.

Average earning assets were $844.3 billion, an increase of $92.0 billion or 12%, due to loan growth, higher cash resources and higher securities. BMO’s overall net interest margin decreased 4 basis points, primarily driven by a higher volume of assets in Corporate Services and BMO Capital Markets, which has a lower spread than the bank, lower margin in Corporate Services, and lower margins in BMO Wealth Management and U.S. P&C, which were impacted by the lower interest rate environment, partially offset by higher trading net interest income. On an excluding trading basis, net interest margin decreased 19 basis points, due to the drivers noted above.

Non-interest revenue, net of CCPB, was $7,051 million, compared with $7,498 million in the prior year, primarily due to a decrease in trading non-interest revenue, lower securities gains, and decreases in card fee revenue, foreign exchange other than trading and insurance revenue, partially offset by higher lending revenue and underwriting and advisory fee revenue.

Net interest income and non-interest revenue are detailed in the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

Adjusted results in this Revenue section are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please see the Non-GAAP Measures section.

11 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Provision for Credit Losses

Q3 2020 vs. Q3 2019

Total provision for credit losses was $1,054 million, an increase of $748 million from the prior year, with the year-over-year change due to the impact of COVID-19. The total provision for credit losses ratio was 89 basis points, compared with 28 basis points in the prior year. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans was $446 million, an increase of $203 million from $243 million in the prior year, due to higher provisions in all businesses. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans ratio was 38 basis points, compared with 22 basis points in the prior year. There was a $608 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the current quarter, compared with a $63 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the prior year. The $608 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the current quarter, reflects the impact of the extraordinary and highly uncertain environment on credit conditions, the economy and scenario weights.

Q3 2020 vs. Q2 2020

Total provision for credit losses was $1,054 million, a decrease of $64 million from the prior quarter. The total provision for credit losses ratio was 89 basis points, compared with 94 basis points in the prior quarter. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans increased $33 million, primarily due to higher provisions in Canadian P&C. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans ratio was 38 basis points, compared with 35 basis points in the prior quarter. There was a $608 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the current quarter, compared with a $705 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the prior quarter, with the decrease primarily due to changes in the economic outlook, reduced balances and the impact of model changes, largely offset by the impact of the uncertain environment on credit conditions and scenario weights.

Q3 YTD 2020 vs. Q3 YTD 2019

Total provision for credit losses was $2,521 million, an increase of $1,902 million from the prior year. The total provision for credit losses ratio was 72 basis points, compared with a low level of 19 basis points in the prior year. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans was $1,183 million, an increase of $663 million from $520 million in the prior year, primarily due to higher provisions in U.S. P&C, partially as a result of recoveries in the prior year, as well as higher provisions in Canadian P&C and BMO Capital Markets. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans ratio was 34 basis points, compared with a low level of 16 basis points in the prior year. There was a $1,338 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the current year, compared with a provision of $99 million in the prior year. The significant year-to-date increase in the current year, compared with the same period in the prior year, was due to the impact of COVID-19.

Provision for Credit Losses by Operating Group


(Canadian $ in millions)	Canadian P&C		U.S. P&C		Total P&C		Wealth Management			BMO Capital Markets		Corporate Services			Total Bank
Q3-2020
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on impaired loans		257		109		366		1			79		-			446
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on performing loans		313		223		536		7			58		7			608
Total provision for (recovery of) credit losses		570		332		902		8			137		7			1,054

Q2-2020
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on impaired loans		212		124		336		3			73		1			413
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on performing loans		285		75		360		3			335		7			705
Total provision for (recovery of) credit losses		497		199		696		6			408		8			1,118

Q3-2019
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on impaired loans		174		61		235		-			7		1			243
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on performing loans		30		37		67		(2	)		3		(5	)		63
Total provision for (recovery of) credit losses		204		98		302		(2	)		10		(4	)		306

YTD-2020
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on impaired loans		607		365		972		4			205		2			1,183
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on performing loans		612		315		927		13			390		8			1,338
Total provision for (recovery of) credit losses		1,219		680		1,899		17			595		10			2,521

YTD-2019
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on impaired loans		410		94		504		1			20		(5	)		520
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on performing loans		52		33		85		(1	)		20		(5	)		99
Total provision for (recovery of) credit losses		462		127		589		-			40		(10	)		619

Provision for Credit Losses Performance Ratios

Q3-2020

Q2-2020

Q3-2019

YTD-2020

YTD-2019

Total PCL-to-average net loans and acceptances (annualized) (%)

0.89

0.94

0.28

0.72

0.19

PCL on impaired loans-to-average net loans and acceptances (annualized) (%)

0.38

0.35

0.22

0.34

0.16

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 12

Impaired Loans

Total gross impaired loans (GIL) were $4,413 million at the end of the current quarter, compared with $2,432 million in the prior year, with the majority of the increase in impaired loans attributed to retail trade, oil and gas and service industries. GIL increased $768 million from $3,645 million in the prior quarter.

Factors contributing to the change in GIL are outlined in the table below. Loans classified as impaired during the quarter totalled $1,760 million, compared with $679 million in the prior year, and $1,396 million in the prior quarter.

Changes in Gross Impaired Loans (GIL) (1) and Acceptances


(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)	Q3-2020			Q2-2020			Q3-2019			YTD-2020			YTD-2019
GIL, beginning of period		3,645			2,822			2,335			2,629			1,936
Classified as impaired during the period		1,760			1,396			679			3,987			1,887
Transferred to not impaired during the period		(113	)		(110	)		(132	)		(424	)		(384	)
Net repayments		(409	)		(277	)		(232	)		(1,005	)		(581	)
Amounts written-off		(384	)		(262	)		(138	)		(773	)		(369	)
Recoveries of loans and advances previously written-off		-			-			-			-			-
Disposals of loans		-			(17	)		(57	)		(17	)		(57	)
Foreign exchange and other movements		(86	)		93			(23	)		16			-
GIL, end of period		4,413			3,645			2,432			4,413			2,432
GIL to gross loans and acceptances (%)		0.95			0.74			0.55			0.95			0.55

(1)	GIL excludes purchased credit impaired loans.

Insurance Claims, Commissions and Changes in Policy Benefit Liabilities

Insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities (CCPB) were $1,189 million, an increase of $302 million from $887 million in the prior year, primarily due to a higher increase in the fair value of policy benefit liabilities in the current quarter, resulting from larger decreases in interest rates compared with the prior year, and the impact of stronger equity markets in the current quarter.

CCPB increased $1,386 million from the prior quarter, primarily due to an increase in the fair value of policy benefit liabilities in the current quarter from a decrease in interest rates, compared with a decrease in the fair value of policy benefit liabilities resulting from increases in interest rates in the prior quarter, higher annuity sales, and the impact of stronger equity markets in the current quarter. The changes related to the fair value of policy benefit liabilities were largely offset in revenue.

Adjusted results in this Insurance Claims, Commissions and Changes in Policy Benefit Liabilities section are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

Non-Interest Expense (1)

Reported non-interest expense was $3,444 million, a decrease of $47 million or 1% from the prior year, and adjusted non-interest expense was $3,407 million, a decrease of $52 million or 2%. Adjusted non-interest expense excludes the amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets and acquisition integration costs in both periods. The decrease was largely due to lower travel and business development costs and focused expense management, net of higher real estate costs, partially due to a gain on the sale of an office building in the prior year.

Reported non-interest expense was $3,444 million, a decrease of $72 million or 2% from the prior quarter, and adjusted non-interest expense was $3,407 million, a decrease of $76 million or 2%. The decrease was driven by lower expenses across most expense categories, including lower travel and business development costs in the current environment, partially offset by higher employee-related costs. The current quarter included two more days.

Year-to-date reported non-interest expense was $10,629 million, a decrease of $14 million from the prior year, and adjusted non-interest expense was $10,527 million, a decrease of $15 million or relatively unchanged, as decreases across most expense categories were partially offset by higher technology costs.

Reported operating leverage on a net revenue basis was positive 5.2%, compared with positive 0.7% in the prior year. Adjusted operating leverage on a net revenue basis was positive 5.3%, compared with positive 0.5% in the prior year. Year-to-date adjusted operating leverage on a net revenue basis was positive 2.9%.

The reported efficiency ratio was 47.9%, compared with 52.4% in the prior year, and was 57.4% on a net revenue basis, compared with 60.4% in the prior year. The adjusted efficiency ratio was 47.4%, compared with 51.9% in the prior year, and 56.8% on a net revenue basis, compared with 59.9% in the prior year.

Non-interest expense is detailed in the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

Adjusted results in this Non-Interest Expense section are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

(1)

13 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes was $270 million, a decrease of $155 million from the third quarter of 2019, and an increase of $132 million from the second quarter of 2020. The effective tax rate for the current quarter was 18.0%, compared with 21.5% in the third quarter of 2019, and 16.6% in the second quarter of 2020.

The adjusted provision for income taxes was $280 million, a decrease of $152 million from the third quarter of 2019, and an increase of $135 million from the second quarter of 2020. The adjusted effective tax rate was 18.2% in the current quarter, compared with 21.5% in the third quarter of 2019, and 16.7% in the second quarter of 2020. The change in the reported and adjusted effective tax rate in the current quarter relative to the third quarter of 2019 and the second quarter of 2020 was primarily due to earnings mix.

Adjusted results in this Income Taxes section are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 14

Capital Management

BMO continues to manage its capital within the capital management framework described on page 59 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report.

Third Quarter 2020 Regulatory Capital Review

BMO’s Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) Ratio was 11.6% as at July 31, 2020, up from 11.0% at the end of the second quarter, due to lower risk-weighted assets (RWA) and higher CET1 Capital.

CET1 Capital was $39.0 billion as at July 31, 2020, up from $38.4 billion as at April 30, 2020, primarily due to retained earnings growth and the adjustment for transitional arrangements for expected credit loss provisioning, and to a lesser extent other net positive impacts, including the issuance of common shares through the shareholder dividend reinvestment and share purchase plan, partially offset by lower accumulated other comprehensive income, primarily from the impact of foreign exchange movements. CET1 Capital increased from $36.1 billion as at October 31, 2019, primarily due to retained earnings growth, the adjustment for transitional arrangements for expected credit loss provisioning and lower net deductions.

RWA were $337.4 billion as at July 31, 2020, down from $348.2 billion as at April 30, 2020, primarily driven by a decline in commercial lending from the prior quarter’s elevated levels, as customers paid down facilities and loans amortized, the impact of foreign exchange movements and a reduction in the credit valuation adjustment charge, partially offset by changes in asset quality. RWA increased from $317.0 billion as at October 31, 2019, primarily from changes in asset quality, net business growth and regulatory and accounting changes.

The Tier 1 Capital Ratio was 13.1% as at July 31, 2020, compared with 12.5% as at April 30, 2020, and 13.0% as at October 31, 2019. The Total Capital Ratio was 15.8% as at July 31, 2020, compared with 14.7% as at April 30, 2020, and 15.2% as at October 31, 2019. The Tier 1 Capital Ratio and Total Capital Ratio were higher than prior periods, primarily due to the factors impacting CET1 capital and RWA, as noted above. The Total Capital Ratio was also higher than prior periods due to the issuance of subordinated notes.

The impact of foreign exchange movements on capital ratios was largely offset. BMO’s investments in foreign operations are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars, and the foreign exchange impact of U.S.-dollar-denominated RWA and capital deductions may result in variability in the bank’s capital ratios. BMO may manage the impact of foreign exchange movements on its capital ratios and did so during the current quarter. Any such activities could also impact our book value and return on equity.

BMO’s Leverage Ratio was 4.7% as at July 31, 2020, up from 4.6% as at April 30, 2020, driven by higher Tier 1 Capital and lower leverage exposures. The Leverage Ratio increased from 4.3% as at October 31, 2019, primarily due to the temporary exclusion of central bank reserves and sovereign-issued securities that qualify as High Quality Liquid Assets under OSFI’s Liquidity Adequacy Requirements Guideline, and higher Tier 1 Capital.

Please see the Impact of COVID-19 and Risk Management sections.

Regulatory Capital Developments

On July 15, 2020, the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) affirmed its support for the recent statements issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and the Financial Stability Board reinforcing the usability of banks’ capital buffers. OSFI requires banks to build up capital buffers in good times so that they are available for use during periods of stress. Capital buffers allow banks to absorb losses while also encouraging them to continue to provide loans and financial services during times of economic stress. Using capital buffers to absorb losses and support lending is consistent with a well-functioning capital regime and with the design and intended functioning of the Basel III framework, an international agreement to strengthen the regulation, supervision and risk management of banks.

On July 13, 2020, OSFI announced its plan to gradually restart its policy development work in the fall of 2020, as Canada takes steps towards economic recovery. Additional details will be provided throughout the remainder of fiscal 2020, including on both the content and pace of the policy development work to reflect the new economic and operational environment. OSFI has stated that it will seek input from the sectors under its supervision to make the necessary adjustments.

On June 23, 2020, OSFI announced that the Domestic Stability Buffer (DSB) will remain at 1.0%, unchanged from the level set on March 13, 2020. This decision reflects OSFI’s assessment that the current DSB level remains effective in supporting the resilience of the Canadian banking system and the overall economy.

COVID-19 Related Developments

As part of a coordinated effort by federal agencies to address the market disruption posed by COVID-19, OSFI announced a suite of modifications to capital requirements, effective in the second quarter of 2020, to afford institutions further flexibility in addressing current conditions, while promoting financial resilience and stability. The modifications, which remain in effect this quarter, are summarized below. For those that are temporary in nature, OSFI has advised that they will provide guidance on the unwinding of the changes at the appropriate time.

Domestic Stability Buffer

On March 13, 2020, OSFI decreased the DSB from 2.25% to 1.0%, decreasing OSFI’s minimum CET1 ratio expectation from 10.25% to 9.0% effective immediately. The target risk-based Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (TLAC) ratio decreased to 22.5% of RWA. The target TLAC leverage ratio remains at 6.75%. OSFI continues to expect domestic systemically important banks (D-SIBs) to fully meet the target TLAC requirements by November 1, 2021. The DSB, which is met with CET1 capital, can be set between 0% and 2.5% of total RWA. OSFI committed that any increases to the buffer would not take effect for at least 18 months.

OSFI’s action was taken in order to support D-SIBs’ ability to supply credit to the economy during an expected period of disruption related to COVID-19 and market conditions. OSFI expects D-SIBs to use the additional lending capacity generated to support Canadian businesses and households, and not use this measure to increase distributions to shareholders or employees, or to undertake share buybacks. Consistent with this, OSFI set the expectation for all federally regulated financial institutions (FRFIs) that dividend increases and share buybacks should be halted for the time being.

15 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Loan Payment Deferrals

On March 27, 2020, OSFI announced that in situations where mortgage payment deferrals are granted by deposit-taking institutions (DTIs), the loans will continue to be treated as performing loans under the Capital Adequacy Requirements Guideline. This means that these loans will not be subject to a different risk weight under the Standardized Approach (SA) to credit risk and will not be considered delinquent when determining the probability of default under the Internal Rating Based (IRB) Approach, as a result of these payment deferrals. Banks should continue to assess the credit quality of these borrowers and follow sound credit risk management practices. Other types of loans (e.g., small business loans, retail loans including credit cards and mid-market commercial loans) that are granted similar payment deferrals by banks will be afforded the same capital treatment as described above. After the payment deferral period ends (up to a maximum of six months from the date that the payment deferral is granted), the usual rules for designating a loan as non-performing would apply. Based on current experience, we do not expect that the expiration of the loan payment deferral will have a significant impact on our capital requirements.

Transitional Arrangements for Capital Treatment of Expected Loss Provisioning

On March 27, 2020, in line with other jurisdictions, OSFI introduced transitional arrangements for expected credit loss provisioning that are available under the Basel Framework. This results in a portion of the increase in allowances, relative to the baseline level, that would otherwise be included in Tier 2 capital, to instead be included in CET1 capital. The baseline level is the amount of Stage 1 and Stage 2 allowances as at January 31, 2020, for October year-end DTIs. This increased amount is adjusted for tax effects and subject to a scaling factor, which is set at 70% in fiscal 2020, 50% in fiscal 2021 and 25% in fiscal 2022.

For exposures treated under the SA, DTIs should compare Stage 1 and Stage 2 allowances allocated to the SA at the end of that quarter with the baseline amount and multiply the increase in allowances by 100% less the DTI’s tax rate, and multiply the result by the scaling factor for the reporting period (70% in fiscal 2020). The resulting amount should be added to CET1 capital.

For exposures treated under the IRB Approach, each quarter, DTIs should compare Stage 1 and Stage 2 allowances allocated to IRB portfolios at the end of that quarter with the baseline amount. The increase should be multiplied by 100% less the DTI’s tax rate and then multiplied by the applicable scaling factor for the reporting period (70% in fiscal 2020). DTIs should then take the lower of (i) this result and (ii) excess allowances eligible for inclusion in Tier 2 capital, and add this amount to CET1 capital.

Reduction of Stressed Value-at-Risk (VaR) Multipliers under Market Risk

On March 27, 2020, OSFI announced that, on a temporary basis, it has reduced the Stressed VaR (SVaR) multipliers under market risk. Institutions subject to market risk capital requirements and using internal models were allowed to reduce the SVaR multiplier they were subject to at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2020, down from a minimum value of three to one. OSFI will continue to monitor institutions’ VaR and SVaR reports and will consider removing the temporary reduction in SVaR multipliers when it deems that prevalent market conditions have returned to normal levels and the heightened volatility present in historical minimum observation periods used for calculating regulatory VaR has subsided, which is not expected to be earlier than April 2021.

Removal of Funding Valuation Adjustment (FVA) Hedges in Market Risk

On March 27, 2020, OSFI advised institutions to remove hedges of FVA from the calculation of market risk capital to address the asymmetry in the existing rule where these hedges of FVA are included, while the underlying exposures of FVA are not.

Domestic Implementation of the Basel III Reforms

Consistent with the decision of the Group of Central Bank Governors and Heads of Supervision, the Basel Committee’s oversight body, on March 27, 2020, OSFI announced the delay of the domestic implementation of the remaining measures of the Basel III international capital standard to provide additional operational capacity for banks to respond to the immediate financial stability priorities resulting from COVID-19. The implementation date for the revisions to the Standardized Approach and IRB Approach to credit risk, the operational risk framework, the leverage ratio framework, as well as the introduction of a more risk sensitive capital floor, has been delayed from Q1 2022 until Q1 2023. The implementation date of the final set of revisions to the market risk framework (known as the “fundamental review of the trading book” or “FRTB”) published in January 2019, has been delayed from Q1 2022 until Q1 2024. OSFI’s implementation date of the revised credit valuation adjustment risk framework has also been delayed from Q1 2022 until Q1 2024.

Leverage Ratio

Similar to the risk-based capital ratios, DTIs are expected to hold operating buffers above the regulatory minimum leverage ratio. These buffers are held in normal times to help ensure that an institution has additional flexibility in times of stress. In its announcement on March 27, 2020, OSFI encouraged DTIs to use operating buffers that are held above the authorized leverage ratio of the institution.

On April 9, 2020, OSFI announced the temporary exclusion of certain exposures from the DTIs’ leverage ratio exposure measure. The exclusions include exposures related to central bank reserves and sovereign-issued securities that qualify as High Quality Liquid Assets under the Liquidity Adequacy Requirements Guideline. The treatment was effective immediately and will remain in place until April 30, 2021.

Capital Floor

To support DTIs’ ability to continue to provide lending in the current environment, on April 9, 2020, OSFI announced it was lowering the capital floor factor, which applies to institutions using the IRB Approach to calculate credit risk, from 75% to 70%, effective immediately. The 70% floor factor will remain in place until the domestic implementation of the capital floor under the Basel III reforms in Q1 2023.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 16

Capital Development Related to BMO Financial Corp. (BFC)

As a U.S. bank holding company with total consolidated assets less than US$250 billion, our subsidiary BFC continues to be subject to the Federal Reserve Board’s (FRB) Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) and Dodd-Frank Act Stress Test (DFAST) requirements on a biennial basis, beginning with the 2020 CCAR. CCAR is an exercise conducted by the FRB to assess whether the largest bank holding companies and foreign banking organizations operating in the United States have sufficient capital to support their operations throughout periods of economic and financial stress and have robust, forward-looking capital planning processes that address their unique risks. DFAST is a forward-looking exercise complementary to CCAR and conducted by the FRB to assess whether the financial companies that it supervises have sufficient capital to absorb losses and support operations during adverse economic conditions.

On June 25, 2020, the FRB released its 2020 CCAR and DFAST results, and on August 10, 2020, announced individual large bank capital requirements, which will be effective October 1, 2020. BFC’s CET1 capital requirement assigned by the FRB is 10.5%, including the 4.5% minimum CET1 ratio and a 6% stress capital buffer (SCB). BFC requested a reconsideration of its assigned SCB, as did several other banks, but the FRB declined any adjustments. BFC is well capitalized, with a strong CET1 ratio of 12.1% as at June 30, 2020.

Regulatory Capital

Regulatory capital requirements for BMO are determined in accordance with OSFI’s Capital Adequacy Requirements (CAR) Guideline, which is based on the capital standards developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. For more information see the Enterprise-Wide Capital Management section on pages 59 to 65 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report.

OSFI’s capital requirements are summarized in the following table.


(% of risk-weighted assets or leverage exposures)	Minimum capital requirements		Total Pillar 1 Capital Buffer (1)		Domestic Stability Buffer (2)		OSFI capital requirements including capital buffers		BMO Capital and Leverage Ratios as at July 31, 2020
Common Equity Tier 1 Ratio		4.5%		3.5%		1.0%		9.0%		11.6%
Tier 1 Capital Ratio		6.0%		3.5%		1.0%		10.5%		13.1%
Total Capital Ratio		8.0%		3.5%		1.0%		12.5%		15.8%
Leverage Ratio		3.0%		na		na		3.0%		4.7%

(1)

The minimum 4.5% CET1 Ratio requirement is augmented by the 3.5% Total Pillar 1 Capital Buffers, which can absorb losses during periods of stress. The Pillar 1 Capital Buffers include a 2.5% Capital Conservation Buffer, a 1.0% Common Equity Surcharge for D-SIBs and a Countercyclical Buffer, as prescribed by OSFI (immaterial for the third quarter of 2020). If a bank’s capital ratios fall within the range of this combined buffer, restrictions on discretionary distributions of earnings (such as dividends, share repurchases and discretionary compensation) would ensue, with the degree of such restrictions varying according to the position of the bank’s ratios within the buffer range.

(2)

OSFI requires all D-SIBs to hold a Domestic Stability Buffer (DSB) against Pillar 2 risks associated with systemic vulnerabilities. The DSB can range from 0% to 2.5% of total RWA and is currently set at 1.0%. Breaches of the DSB do not result in a bank being subject to automatic constraints on capital distributions.

na – not applicable

Regulatory Capital Position


(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)	Q3-2020			Q2-2020			Q4-2019

Gross common equity (1)		49,239			49,886			45,728
Regulatory adjustments applied to common equity		(10,255	)		(11,461	)		(9,657	)
Common Equity Tier 1 capital (CET1)		38,984			38,425			36,071
Additional Tier 1 eligible capital (2)		5,348			5,348			5,348
Regulatory adjustments applied to Tier 1		(86	)		(81	)		(218	)
Additional Tier 1 capital (AT1)		5,262			5,267			5,130
Tier 1 capital (T1 = CET1 + AT1)		44,246			43,692			41,201
Tier 2 eligible capital (3)		8,953			7,582			7,189
Regulatory adjustments applied to Tier 2		(50	)		(66	)		(50	)
Tier 2 capital (T2)		8,903			7,516			7,139
Total capital (TC = T1 + T2)		53,149			51,208			48,340
Risk-weighted Assets (4)		337,377			348,167			317,029
Leverage Ratio Exposures		937,266			945,468			956,493

Capital ratios (%)
CET1 Ratio		11.6			11.0			11.4
Tier 1 Capital Ratio		13.1			12.5			13.0
Total Capital Ratio		15.8			14.7			15.2
Leverage Ratio		4.7			4.6			4.3

(1)	Gross Common Equity includes issued qualifying common shares, retained earnings, accumulated other comprehensive income and eligible common share capital issued by subsidiaries.

(2)	Additional Tier 1 Eligible Capital includes directly and indirectly issued qualifying Additional Tier 1 instruments.

(3)	Tier 2 Eligible Capital includes subordinated debentures and may include certain loan loss allowances.

(4)	For institutions using advanced approaches for credit risk or operational risk, there is a capital floor as prescribed in OSFI’s CAR Guideline.

Other Capital Developments

During the quarter, 3,364,008 common shares were issued through the Shareholder Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan and the exercise of stock options.

On August 13, 2020, BMO announced the conversion results of its Non-Cumulative 5-Year Rate Reset Class B Preferred Shares Series 33 (Preferred Shares Series 33). During the conversion period, which ran from July 27, 2020 to August 10, 2020, 118,563 Preferred Shares Series 33 were tendered for conversion into Non-Cumulative 5-Year rate Reset Class B (Preferred Shares Series 34), which is less than the minimum 1,000,000 required to give effect to the conversion, as described in the Preferred Shares Series 33 prospectus supplement date supplement date May 29, 2015. As a result, no Preferred Shares Series 34 were issued and holders of Preferred Shares Series 33 retained their shares. The dividend rate for the Preferred Shares Series 33 is 3.054% for the five-year period commencing on August 25, 2020, and ending on August 24, 2025.

17 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

On February 25, 2020, we announced our intention, subject to the approval of OSFI and the Toronto Stock Exchange, to establish a new normal course issuer bid (NCIB) that will permit us to purchase for cancellation up to 12 million common shares over a 12-month period, commencing on or about June 3, 2020. As previously noted and in light of OSFI’s announcement on March 13, 2020, that all share buybacks by FRFIs should be halted for the time being, we put the process on hold. We will proceed with the new NCIB based on OSFI’s future guidance. Our previous NCIB expired on June 2, 2020.

If a non-viable contingent capital (NVCC) trigger event were to occur, our NVCC capital instruments would be converted into BMO common shares pursuant to automatic conversion formulas, with a conversion price based on the greater of: (i) a floor price of $5.00; and (ii) the current market price of our common shares at the time of the trigger event (calculated using a 10-day weighted average). Based on a floor price of $5.00, these NVCC capital instruments would be converted into approximately 3.46 billion BMO common shares, assuming no accrued interest and no declared and unpaid dividends.

Outstanding Shares and Securities Convertible into Common Shares (1)


As at July 31, 2020	Number of shares or dollar amount (in millions)
Common shares (2)		642.8
Class B Preferred shares
Series 25		$236
Series 26		$54
Series 27*		$500
Series 29*		$400
Series 31*		$300
Series 33*		$200
Series 35*		$150
Series 36*		$600
Series 38*		$600
Series 40*		$500
Series 42*		$400
Series 44*		$400
Series 46*		$350
Additional Tier 1 Capital Notes
4.800% Additional Tier 1 Capital Notes*		US$500
Medium-Term Notes*
Series H - Second Tranche		$1,000
Series I - First Tranche		$1,250
Series I - Second Tranche		$850
3.803% Subordinated Notes due 2032		US$1,250
4.338% Subordinated Notes due 2028		US$850
Series J - First Tranche		$1,000
Series J - Second Tranche		$1,250
Stock options
Vested		3.7
Non-vested		2.9

*	Convertible into common shares

(1)

Details on the Medium-Term Notes are outlined in Note 15 to the audited consolidated financial statements on page 176 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report. Details on share capital and Additional Tier 1 Capital Notes are outlined in Note 6 to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements and Note 16 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements on page 177 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report.

(2)	Common Shares are net of 206,527 treasury shares.

Dividends

On August 25, 2020, BMO announced that the Board of Directors had declared a quarterly dividend on common shares of $1.06 per share, unchanged from the preceding quarter, and up $0.03 per share or 3% from the prior year. The dividend is payable on November 26, 2020, to shareholders of record on November 2, 2020. Common shareholders may elect to have their cash dividends reinvested in common shares of BMO, in accordance with the Shareholder Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan (the “Plan”). Effective March 13, 2020, OSFI prohibited FRFIs from increasing their common share dividend. OSFI will advise at the appropriate time on the unwinding of this guidance.

On August 25, 2020, we announced that commencing with common share dividend declared for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, and subsequently until further notice, common shares under the Plan will be purchased on the open market without a discount.

For the purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada) and any similar provincial and territorial legislation, BMO designates all dividends paid or deemed to be paid on both its common and preferred shares as “eligible dividends”, unless indicated otherwise.

Caution

The foregoing Capital Management section contains forward-looking statements. Please refer to the Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 18

Review of Operating Groups’ Performance

How BMO Reports Operating Group Results

The following sections review the financial results of each of our operating groups and operating segments for the third quarter of 2020. See also the Impact of COVID-19 and Risk Management sections.

Periodically, certain business lines and units within the business lines are transferred between client and corporate support groups to more closely align BMO’s organizational structure with its strategic priorities. In addition, allocations of revenue, provisions for credit losses and expenses are updated to better align with current experience.

Effective November 1, 2019, the bank adopted IFRS 16, Leases (IFRS 16), recognizing the cumulative effect of adoption in opening retained earnings with no changes to prior years. Under IFRS 16, the bank as lessee is required to recognize a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability for most leases. Depreciation on the right-of-use assets has been recorded in non-interest expense and interest on the lease liability in interest expense. Refer to the Changes in Accounting Policies section on page 34 for further details.

BMO analyzes revenue at the consolidated level based on GAAP revenue as reported in the consolidated financial statements rather than on a taxable equivalent basis (teb), which is consistent with our Canadian peer group. Like many banks, we analyze revenue on a teb basis at the operating group level. Revenue and the provision for income taxes are increased on tax-exempt securities to an equivalent before-tax basis to facilitate comparisons of income between taxable and tax-exempt sources. The offset to the group teb adjustments is reflected in Corporate Services revenue and provision for income taxes.

Personal and Commercial Banking (P&C)


(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)	Q3-2020			Q2-2020			Q3-2019		YTD-2020			YTD-2019

Net interest income (teb)		2,616			2,624			2,566		7,848			7,502
Non-interest revenue		745			780			841		2,355			2,422
Total revenue (teb)		3,361			3,404			3,407		10,203			9,924
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on impaired loans		366			336			235		972			504
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on performing loans		536			360			67		927			85
Total provision for credit losses		902			696			302		1,899			589
Non-interest expense		1,712			1,793			1,765		5,252			5,206
Income before income taxes		747			915			1,340		3,052			4,129
Provision for income taxes (teb)		164			215			322		718			997
Reported net income		583			700			1,018		2,334			3,132
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets (1)		10			11			12		31			34
Adjusted net income		593			711			1,030		2,365			3,166

Net income growth (%)		(42.8	)		(31.4	)		1.3		(25.5	)		8.0
Adjusted net income growth (%)		(42.4	)		(31.1	)		1.2		(25.3	)		7.8
Revenue growth (%)		(1.4	)		5.4			6.4		2.8			6.7
Non-interest expense growth (%)		(3.0	)		4.3			4.0		0.9			5.2
Adjusted non-interest expense growth (%)		(2.9	)		4.4			4.0		1.0			5.3
Return on equity (%)		8.5			10.5			16.4		11.7			17.4
Adjusted return on equity (%)		8.7			10.7			16.6		11.9			17.6
Operating leverage (teb) (%)		1.6			1.1			2.4		1.9			1.5
Adjusted operating leverage (teb) (%)		1.5			1.0			2.4		1.8			1.4
Efficiency ratio (teb) (%)		51.0			52.7			51.8		51.5			52.5
Adjusted efficiency ratio (teb) (%)		50.6			52.3			51.4		51.1			52.0
Net interest margin on average earning assets (teb) (%)		2.82			2.86			2.94		2.86			2.96
Average earning assets		369,298			372,526			346,045		366,050			338,334
Average gross loans and acceptances		377,828			381,807			355,222		375,398			346,430
Average net loans and acceptances		375,420			379,838			353,617		373,355			344,850
Average deposits		357,162			326,411			283,924		329,935			277,773

(1)	Total P&C before tax amounts of $13 million in Q3-2020, $15 million in both Q2-2020 and Q3-2019; $41 million for YTD-2020 and $44 million for YTD-2019 are included in non-interest expense.

Adjusted results in this table are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

The Personal and Commercial Banking (P&C) operating group represents the sum of our two retail and commercial operating segments, Canadian Personal and Commercial Banking (Canadian P&C) and U.S. Personal and Commercial Banking (U.S. P&C). The P&C banking business reported net income was $583 million, compared with $1,018 million in the prior year. Adjusted net income was $593 million, compared with $1,030 million in the prior year, and excludes the amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets. Reported and adjusted net income were impacted by higher provisions for credit losses, which increased $600 million pre-tax, or $441 million after tax from the prior year. These operating segments are reviewed separately in the sections that follow.

Adjusted results in this P&C section are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

19 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Canadian Personal and Commercial Banking (Canadian P&C)


(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)	Q3-2020			Q2-2020			Q3-2019		YTD-2020			YTD-2019

Net interest income		1,509			1,495			1,500		4,561			4,342
Non-interest revenue		453			465			543		1,443			1,564
Total revenue		1,962			1,960			2,043		6,004			5,906
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on impaired loans		257			212			174		607			410
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on performing loans		313			285			30		612			52
Total provision for credit losses		570			497			204		1,219			462
Non-interest expense		960			976			961		2,922			2,860
Income before income taxes		432			487			878		1,863			2,584
Provision for income taxes		112			126			228		482			670
Reported net income		320			361			650		1,381			1,914
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets (1)		-			1			1		1			2
Adjusted net income		320			362			651		1,382			1,916

Personal revenue		1,213			1,218			1,272		3,718			3,701
Commercial revenue		749			742			771		2,286			2,205
Net income growth (%)		(50.8	)		(41.4	)		1.1		(27.8	)		1.9
Revenue growth (%)		(4.0	)		2.4			5.9		1.6			4.6
Non-interest expense growth (%)		0.0			3.4			4.0		2.2			3.8
Adjusted non-interest expense growth (%)		0.0			3.4			4.0		2.2			3.8
Return on equity (%)		11.0			13.0			26.4		16.6			26.9
Adjusted return on equity (%)		11.1			13.0			26.4		16.6			27.0
Operating leverage (%)		(4.0	)		(1.0	)		1.9		(0.6	)		0.8
Adjusted operating leverage (%)		(4.0	)		(1.0	)		1.9		(0.6	)		0.8
Efficiency ratio (%)		49.0			49.8			47.1		48.7			48.4
Net interest margin on average earning assets (%)		2.54			2.58			2.66		2.60			2.63
Average earning assets		236,143			235,852			223,817		234,417			220,620
Average gross loans and acceptances		251,028			251,426			239,054		249,949			234,696
Average net loans and acceptances		249,628			250,328			238,178		248,794			233,824
Average deposits		213,086			197,122			177,093		200,582			172,142

(1)	Before tax amounts of $nil in Q3-2020, $1 million in both Q2-2020 and Q3-2019; $1 million for YTD-2020 and $2 million for YTD-2019 are included in non-interest expense.

Adjusted results in this table are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

Q3 2020 vs. Q3 2019

Canadian P&C reported and adjusted net income were $320 million, compared with reported net income of $650 million in the prior year, and adjusted net income of $651 million. Adjusted net income excludes the amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets. Net income was lower due to higher provisions for credit losses and lower revenue.

Revenue was $1,962 million, compared with $2,043 million in the prior year, due to lower non-interest revenue, with net interest income relatively unchanged, as higher balances across most products were partially offset by lower margins. Net interest margin of 2.54% decreased 12 basis points, driven by lower deposit and loan margins, partially offset by the benefit of deposits growing faster than loans.

Personal revenue decreased $59 million or 5%, due to lower margins and lower non-interest revenue, partially offset by higher balances. Commercial revenue decreased $22 million or 3%, due to lower non-interest revenue and lower margins, partially offset by higher balances across all products.

Total provision for credit losses was $570 million, an increase of $366 million from the prior year. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans was $257 million, an increase of $83 million, primarily due to higher commercial provisions. There was a $313 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the current quarter, compared with a $30 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the prior year.

Non-interest expense was $960 million, relatively unchanged from the prior year, due to higher pension and technology costs offset by lower employee-related costs and discretionary expenses.

Average gross loans and acceptances increased $12.0 billion or 5% from the prior year to $251.0 billion. Total personal lending balances (excluding retail cards) increased 4%. Commercial loan balances (excluding corporate cards) increased 9%. Average deposits increased $36.0 billion or 20% to $213.1 billion. Personal deposit balances increased 14% and commercial deposit balances increased 31%.

Gross loans and acceptances as at July 31, 2020, increased $8.9 billion or 4% from the prior year to $250.6 billion, with growth in personal loans (excluding retail cards) of 3% and growth in commercial loans (excluding corporate cards) of 6%. Deposits as at July 31, 2020, increased $37.4 billion or 21% to $217.4 billion, with growth in personal deposit balances of 13% and in commercial deposit balances of 33%, reflecting the higher liquidity retained by customers, due to the impact of COVID-19.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 20

Q3 2020 vs. Q2 2020

Reported and adjusted net income were $320 million, compared with reported net income of $361 million and adjusted net income of $362 million in the prior quarter, primarily driven by higher provision for credit losses, partially offset by lower expenses and higher revenue.

Revenue was $1,962 million, an increase of $2 million from the prior quarter, due to higher balances across most products and the impact of two more days in the current quarter, partially offset by lower margins and lower non-interest revenue. Net interest margin of 2.54% decreased 4 basis points from the prior quarter due to lower deposit margins, reflecting the recent low interest rate environment, partially offset by the benefit of deposits growing faster than loans.

Personal revenue decreased $5 million, due to lower margins, partially offset by more days in the current quarter and higher balances. Commercial revenue increased $7 million or 1%, primarily due to higher deposit balances and more days in the current quarter, partially offset by lower margins and lower non-interest revenue.

Total provision for credit losses was $570 million, an increase of $73 million from the prior quarter. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans increased $45 million, primarily due to higher commercial provisions. There was a $313 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the current quarter, compared with a $285 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the prior quarter.

Non-interest expense was $960 million, a decrease of $16 million or 2% from the prior quarter, primarily due to lower employee-related costs and discretionary spending, reflective of our focus on expense management in the current environment.

Average gross loans and acceptances decreased $0.4 billion from the prior quarter, while average deposits increased $16.0 billion or 8%.

Gross loans and acceptances as at July 31, 2020, decreased $2.3 billion or 1% from the prior quarter, primarily due to a decline in commercial loans (excluding corporate cards) of 4%. Deposits as at July 31, 2020, increased $10.4 billion or 5%, with growth of 3% in personal deposit balances and 8% in commercial balances.

Q3 YTD 2020 vs. Q3 YTD 2019

Reported net income was $1,381 million, compared with $1,914 million in the prior year, and adjusted net income of $1,382 million, compared with $1,916 million. The decrease largely reflects higher provisions for credit losses, with higher revenue partially offset by higher expenses.

Revenue was $6,004 million, an increase of $98 million or 2% from the prior year, due to higher balances across most products, partially offset by lower margins and lower non-interest revenue. Net interest margin of 2.60% decreased 3 basis points from the prior year, driven by lower loan and deposit margins, partially offset by the benefit of deposits growing faster than loans.

Personal revenue increased $17 million, primarily due to higher balances across all products, partially offset by lower margins and lower non-interest revenue. Commercial revenue increased $81 million or 4%, primarily due to higher balances across most products, partially offset by lower non-interest revenue and lower margins.

Total provision for credit losses was $1,219 million, an increase of $757 million from the prior year. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans increased $197 million, primarily due to higher commercial provisions. There was a $612 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the current year, compared with a $52 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the prior year.

Non-interest expense was $2,922 million, an increase of $62 million or 2% from the prior year, primarily due to higher pension and technology costs.

Average gross loans and acceptances increased $15.3 billion or 6% from the prior year to $249.9 billion, and average deposits increased $28.4 billion or 17% to $200.6 billion.

Adjusted results in this Canadian P&C section are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

21 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

U.S. Personal and Commercial Banking (U.S. P&C)


(US$ in millions, except as noted)	Q3-2020			Q2-2020			Q3-2019			YTD-2020			YTD-2019

Net interest income (teb)		815			818			804			2,431			2,375
Non-interest revenue		215			228			225			675			645
Total revenue (teb)		1,030			1,046			1,029			3,106			3,020
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on impaired loans		81			89			45			270			70
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on performing loans		166			54			28			233			25
Total provision for credit losses		247			143			73			503			95
Non-interest expense		553			592			606			1,723			1,763
Income before income taxes		230			311			350			880			1,162
Provision for income taxes (teb)		38			65			72			175			247
Reported net income		192			246			278			705			915
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets (1)		7			7			8			22			24
Adjusted net income		199			253			286			727			939

Personal revenue		330			315			348			973			1,023
Commercial revenue		700			731			681			2,133			1,997
Net income growth (%)		(30.9	)		(19.4	)		(0.3	)		(23.0	)		14.6
Adjusted net income growth (%)		(30.3	)		(19.1	)		(0.5	)		(22.6	)		13.9
Revenue growth (%)		0.2			5.7			5.3			2.9			6.1
Non-interest expense growth (%)		(8.7	)		1.5			2.1			(2.3	)		3.2
Adjusted non-interest expense growth (%)		(8.7	)		1.7			2.3			(2.2	)		3.4
Return on equity (%)		6.6			8.7			9.8			8.2			11.2
Adjusted return on equity (%)		6.8			9.0			10.1			8.4			11.5
Operating leverage (teb) (%)		8.9			4.2			3.2			5.2			2.9
Adjusted operating leverage (teb) (%)		8.9			4.0			3.0			5.1			2.7
Efficiency ratio (teb) (%)		53.7			56.5			58.9			55.5			58.4
Adjusted efficiency ratio (teb) (%)		52.8			55.6			57.9			54.5			57.3
Net interest margin on average earning assets (teb) (%)		3.31			3.36			3.46			3.34			3.59
Average earning assets		97,997			98,919			92,116			97,332			88,469
Average gross loans and acceptances		93,317			94,366			87,549			92,758			83,975
Average net loans and acceptances		92,575			93,736			87,000			92,102			83,442
Average deposits		106,068			93,523			80,520			95,597			79,383

(Canadian $ equivalent in millions)

Net interest income (teb)		1,107			1,129			1,066			3,287			3,160
Non-interest revenue		292			315			298			912			858
Total revenue (teb)		1,399			1,444			1,364			4,199			4,018
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on impaired loans		109			124			61			365			94
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on performing loans		223			75			37			315			33
Total provision for credit losses		332			199			98			680			127
Non-interest expense		752			817			804			2,330			2,346
Income before income taxes		315			428			462			1,189			1,545
Provision for income taxes (teb)		52			89			94			236			327
Reported net income		263			339			368			953			1,218
Adjusted net income		273			349			379			983			1,250

Net income growth (%)		(28.7	)		(16.3	)		1.5			(21.8	)		19.1
Adjusted net income growth (%)		(28.1	)		(16.0	)		1.3			(21.4	)		18.4
Revenue growth (%)		2.6			9.8			7.2			4.5			10.1
Non-interest expense growth (%)		(6.5	)		5.4			3.9			(0.7	)		7.1
Adjusted non-interest expense growth (%)		(6.4	)		5.6			4.1			(0.6	)		7.3
Average earning assets		133,155			136,674			122,228			131,633			117,714
Average gross loans and acceptances		126,800			130,381			116,168			125,449			111,734
Average net loans and acceptances		125,792			129,510			115,439			124,561			111,026
Average deposits		144,076			129,289			106,831			129,353			105,631

(1)	Before tax amounts of US$9 million in Q3-2020, US$10 million in Q2-2020 and US$11 million in Q3-2019; US$29 million for YTD-2020 and US$32 million for YTD-2019 are included in non-interest expense.

Adjusted results in this table are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

Q3 2020 vs. Q3 2019

U.S. P&C reported net income was $263 million, compared with $368 million in the prior year, and adjusted net income was $273 million, compared with $379 million. Adjusted net income excludes the amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets. All amounts in the remainder of this section are on a U.S. dollar basis.

Reported net income was $192 million, compared with $278 million in the prior year, and adjusted net income was $199 million, compared with $286 million, primarily due to higher provisions for credit losses, partially offset by lower expenses.

Revenue was $1,030 million, an increase of $1 million from the prior year, primarily due to higher deposit and loan balances, and higher loan margins, partially offset by lower deposit product margins and non-interest revenue. Net interest margin of 3.31% decreased 15 basis points, primarily due to lower deposit product margins driven by the impact of a lower rate environment, partially offset by the impact of deposits growing faster than loans.

Personal revenue decreased $18 million or 5%, largely due to lower deposit revenue. Commercial revenue increased $19 million or 3%, primarily due to higher deposit and loan balances, partially offset by lower deposit product margins.

Total provision for credit losses was $247 million, an increase of $174 million from the prior year. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans was $81 million, an increase of $36 million, due to higher commercial and consumer provisions. There was a $166 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the current quarter, compared with a $28 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the prior year.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 22

Non-interest expense was $553 million, a decrease of $53 million or 9% from the prior year, and adjusted non-interest expense was $544 million, a decrease of $51 million or 9%, primarily due to lower technology, employee and advertising expenses, as well as a continued focus on expense management.

Average gross loans and acceptances increased $5.8 billion or 7% from the prior year to $93.3 billion, driven by growth in commercial loans and personal loans of 7% and 6%, respectively. Average deposits increased $25.5 billion or 32% to $106.1 billion, with 60% growth in commercial deposit balances and 10% growth in personal deposit balances.

Gross loans and acceptances as at July 31, 2020, increased $3.0 billion or 3% from the prior year to $90.9 billion, primarily driven by growth in commercial loans of 4% and growth in personal loans of 2%, both resulting from growth in government lending loan programs due to the impact of COVID-19. Deposits as at July 31, 2020, increased $23.2 billion or 28% to $105.6 billion, with growth in commercial deposit balances of 53% and in personal deposit balances of 9%, reflecting the higher liquidity retained by customers due to the impact of COVID-19.

Q3 2020 vs. Q2 2020

Reported net income was $263 million, compared with $339 million in the prior quarter, and adjusted net income was $273 million, compared with $349 million. All amounts in the remainder of this section are on a U.S. dollar basis.

Reported net income was $192 million, compared with $246 million in the prior quarter, and adjusted net income was $199 million, compared with $253 million, due to higher provisions for credit losses with lower revenue, partially offset by lower expenses.

Revenue was $1,030 million, compared with $1,046 million in the prior quarter, primarily due to lower deposit product margins and non-interest revenue, partially offset by higher deposit balances and the impact of two more days in the current quarter. Net interest margin of 3.31% decreased 5 basis points, primarily due to lower deposit product margins, driven by the impact of the lower rate environment, partially offset by higher deposit balances.

Personal revenue increased $15 million or 5%, due to higher mortgage banking-related revenue and more days in the current quarter, net of lower deposit revenue. Commercial revenue decreased $31 million or 4%, primarily due to lower deposit revenue and loan fee revenue, net of more days in the current quarter.

Total provision for credit losses was $247 million, an increase of $104 million from the prior quarter. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans was $81 million, a decrease of $8 million from the prior quarter, due to lower commercial provisions. There was a $166 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the current quarter, compared with a $54 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the prior quarter.

Non-interest expense was $553 million, a decrease of $39 million or 6% from the prior quarter, and adjusted non-interest expense was $544 million, a decrease of $38 million or 6%, primarily due to lower technology, employee-related costs and other discretionary spending, reflective of our focus on expense management in the current environment.

Average gross loans and acceptances decreased $1.0 billion or 1% from the prior quarter. Average deposits increased $12.5 billion or 13%, with 22% growth in commercial deposit balances and 5% growth in personal deposit balances.

Gross loans and acceptances as at July 31, 2020, decreased $7.4 billion or 8% from the prior quarter, primarily due to lower commercial loans of 9%. Deposits as at July 31, 2020, increased $2.0 billion or 2%.

Q3 YTD 2020 vs. Q3 YTD 2019

Reported net income was $953 million, compared with $1,218 million in the prior year, and adjusted net income was $983 million, compared with $1,250 million. All amounts in the remainder of this section are on a U.S. dollar basis.

Reported net income was $705 million, compared with $915 million in the prior year, and adjusted net income was $727 million, compared with $939 million, primarily due to higher provisions for credit losses, partially offset by higher revenue and lower expenses.

Revenue was $3,106 million, an increase of $86 million or 3% from the prior year, primarily due to growth in deposit and loan balances, as well as higher non-interest revenue, partially offset by lower deposit product margins, reflecting the impact of lower rates. Net interest margin of 3.34% decreased 25 basis points, primarily due to lower deposit product margins, driven by the impact of the lower rate environment, partially offset by deposits growing faster than loans.

Personal revenue decreased $50 million or 5%, due to lower deposit revenue. Commercial revenue increased $136 million or 7%, due to higher deposit and loan balances, as well as higher non-interest revenue, partially offset by lower margins on deposits.

Total provision for credit losses was $503 million, an increase of $408 million from the prior year. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans increased $200 million, as a result of higher commercial and consumer provisions. In addition, the prior year benefitted from one-time recoveries on both commercial and consumer provisions. There was a $233 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the current year, compared with a $25 million provision in the prior year.

Non-interest expense was $1,723 million, a decrease of $40 million or 2%, from the prior year, and adjusted non-interest expense was $1,694 million, a decrease of $37 million or 2%, due to lower employee, advertising and technology costs, reflective of a continued focus on expense management.

Average gross loans and acceptances increased $8.8 billion or 10% from the prior year to $92.8 billion, driven by commercial loan growth of 11% and higher personal loan volumes of 8%. Average deposits increased $16.2 billion or 20% from the prior year to $95.6 billion, with 36% growth in commercial deposit balances and 9% growth in personal deposit balances.

Adjusted results in this U.S. P&C section are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

23 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

BMO Wealth Management


(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)	Q3-2020			Q2-2020			Q3-2019			YTD-2020			YTD-2019

Net interest income		229			212			237			672			699
Non-interest revenue		2,255			678			1,876			4,727			5,396
Total revenue		2,484			890			2,113			5,399			6,095
Insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities (CCPB)		1,189			(197	)		887			1,708			2,374
Revenue, net of CCPB		1,295			1,087			1,226			3,691			3,721
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on impaired loans		1			3			-			4			1
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on performing loans		7			3			(2	)		13			(1	)
Total provision for (recovery of) credit losses		8			6			(2	)		17			-
Non-interest expense		837			888			885			2,637			2,663
Income before income taxes		450			193			343			1,037			1,058
Provision for income taxes		109			49			93			261			265
Reported net income		341			144			250			776			793
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets (1)		8			9			8			26			28
Adjusted net income		349			153			258			802			821
Traditional Wealth businesses reported net income		271			160			226			640			625

Traditional Wealth businesses adjusted net income		279			169			234			666			653
Insurance reported net income (loss)		70			(16	)		24			136			168
Insurance adjusted net income (loss)		70			(16	)		24			136			168
Net income growth (%)		36.9			(52.8	)		(14.4	)		(2.1	)		(7.1	)
Adjusted net income growth (%)		35.5			(51.5	)		(14.4	)		(2.3	)		(7.1	)
Revenue growth (%)		17.6			(51.8	)		37.2			(11.4	)		28.9
Revenue growth, net of CCPB (%)		5.7			(15.2	)		(3.6	)		(0.8	)		(1.3	)
Adjusted CCPB		1,189			(197	)		887			1,708			2,374
Revenue growth, net of adjusted CCPB (%)		5.7			(15.2	)		(3.6	)		(0.8	)		(1.3	)
Non-interest expense growth (%)		(5.4	)		0.7			1.0			(1.0	)		1.1
Adjusted non-interest expense growth (%)		(5.4	)		0.8			1.2			(0.9	)		1.2
Return on equity (%)		21.1			8.9			15.3			16.1			16.7
Adjusted return on equity (%)		21.6			9.5			15.9			16.7			17.3
Operating leverage, net of CCPB (%)		11.1			(15.9	)		(4.6	)		0.2			(2.4	)
Adjusted operating leverage, net of CCPB (%)		11.1			(16.0	)		(4.8	)		0.1			(2.5	)
Reported efficiency ratio (%)		33.7			99.9			41.9			48.8			43.7
Reported efficiency ratio, net of CCPB (%)		64.6			81.8			72.2			71.4			71.6
Adjusted efficiency ratio (%)		33.3			98.6			41.4			48.2			43.1
Adjusted efficiency ratio, net of CCPB (%)		63.7			80.7			71.3			70.5			70.6
Assets under management		498,020			464,166			464,711			498,020			464,711
Assets under administration (2)		411,122			400,649			391,622			411,122			391,622
Average assets		46,308			45,175			41,891			45,234			40,345
Average gross loans and acceptances		26,999			26,564			24,068			26,331			23,135
Average net loans and acceptances		26,959			26,528			24,036			26,295			23,103
Average deposits		45,345			43,011			36,190			42,586			35,844

(1)	Before tax amounts of $11 million in each of Q3-2020, Q2-2020 and Q3-2019; $33 million for YTD-2020 and $36 million for YTD-2019 are included in non-interest expense.

(2)	We have certain assets under management that are also administered by us and included in assets under administration.

Adjusted results in this table are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

Q3 2020 vs. Q3 2019

BMO Wealth Management reported net income was $341 million, an increase of $91 million or 37% from the prior year, and adjusted net income was $349 million, an increase of $91 million or 35%. Adjusted net income excludes the amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets. Traditional Wealth reported net income was $271 million, an increase of $45 million or 20%, and adjusted net income was $279 million, an increase of $45 million or 19%, primarily driven by lower expenses, including benefits from cost containment programs, and stronger global markets, partially offset by moderately lower net interest income, as lower margin was primarily offset by the benefit from loan and deposit growth, and higher provisions for credit losses. Insurance net income was $70 million, an increase of $46 million, primarily due to below-trend reinsurance results and the impact of unfavourable market movements in the prior year, relative to favourable market movements in the current year.

Revenue was $2,484 million, an increase of $371 million or 18%. Revenue, net of CCPB, was $1,295 million, an increase of $69 million or 6%. Revenue in Traditional Wealth was $1,176 million, an increase of $23 million or 2%, primarily due to stronger global markets benefitting our diversified businesses and higher online brokerage revenue, partially offset by lower net interest revenue. Insurance revenue, net of CCPB, increased $46 million from the prior year, primarily due to the net income drivers noted above.

Non-interest expense was $837 million, a decrease of $48 million or 5% from the prior year, and adjusted non-interest expense was $826 million, a decrease of $48 million or 5%, or 6% excluding the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar, primarily due to benefits from cost containment programs.

Assets under management increased $33.3 billion or 7%, and assets under administration increased $19.5 billion or 5%, primarily driven by stronger global markets, favourable foreign exchange and growth in client assets. Average gross loans and average deposits increased 12% and 25%, respectively.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 24

Q3 2020 vs. Q2 2020

Reported net income was $341 million, an increase of $197 million or 137% from the prior quarter, and adjusted net income was $349 million, an increase of $196 million or 128%. Traditional Wealth reported net income was $271 million, an increase of $111 million or 70% from the prior quarter, and adjusted net income was $279 million, an increase of $110 million or 66%, primarily due to the impact of a legal provision in the prior quarter, lower expenses, including benefits from cost containment programs, and higher revenue. Insurance net income was $70 million, an increase of $86 million, primarily due to the impact of unfavourable impact of market movements and lower underlying results in the prior quarter, relative to favourable market movements in the current quarter.

Revenue, net of CCPB, was $1,295 million, an increase of $208 million or 19%. Revenue in Traditional Wealth was $1,176 million, an increase of $102 million or 10%, primarily due to the impact of the legal provision and stronger global markets. Net insurance revenue was $119 million, an increase of $106 million, primarily due to the net income drivers noted above.

Non-interest expense was $837 million, a decrease of $51 million or 6% from the prior quarter, and adjusted non-interest expense was $826 million, a decrease of $51 million or 6%, benefitting from cost containment programs and impacts from the current environment.

Assets under management increased $33.9 billion or 7% from the prior quarter, and assets under administration increased $10.5 billion or 3%, primarily driven by stronger global markets and growth in client assets, partially offset by unfavourable foreign exchange. Average gross loans and average deposits increased 2% and 5%, respectively.

Q3 YTD 2020 vs. Q3 YTD 2019

Reported net income was $776 million, compared with $793 million in the prior year, and adjusted net income was $802 million, compared with $821 million. Traditional Wealth reported net income was $640 million, an increase of $15 million or 3%, and adjusted net income was $666 million, an increase of $13 million or 2%, primarily due to lower expenses including benefits from cost containment programs, partially offset by the legal provision in the current year. Insurance net income was $136 million, compared with $168 million in the prior year, primarily due to lower underlying business results.

Revenue was $5,399 million, compared with $6,095 million in the prior year. Revenue, net of CCPB, was $3,691 million, compared with $3,721 million. Revenue in Traditional Wealth was $3,411 million, an increase of $11 million, primarily due to stronger global markets on average and growth in online brokerage revenue, offset by the legal provision in the current year. Insurance revenue, net of CCPB, was $280 million, a decrease of $41 million from the prior year, due to the net income drivers noted above.

Non-interest expense was $2,637 million, a decrease of $26 million or 1%, and adjusted non-interest expense was $2,604 million, a decrease of $23 million or 1%, due to benefits from cost containment programs, partially offset by higher revenue-based costs.

Adjusted results in this BMO Wealth Management section are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

25 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

BMO Capital Markets


(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)	Q3-2020		Q2-2020			Q3-2019			YTD-2020			YTD-2019

Net interest income (teb)		952		855			537			2,503			1,695
Non-interest revenue		576		196			670			1,445			1,885
Total revenue (teb)		1,528		1,051			1,207			3,948			3,580
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on impaired loans		79		73			7			205			20
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on performing loans		58		335			3			390			20
Total provision for credit losses		137		408			10			595			40
Non-interest expense		825		758			799			2,435			2,487
Income (loss) before income taxes		566		(115	)		398			918			1,053
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes (teb)		140		(41	)		84			210			233
Reported net income (loss)		426		(74	)		314			708			820
Acquisition integration costs (1)		4		2			2			8			8
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets (2)		5		4			3			13			8
Adjusted net income (loss)		435		(68	)		319			729			836

Global Markets revenue		981		564			667			2,368			2,018
Investment and Corporate Banking revenue		547		487			540			1,580			1,562
Net income growth (%)		35.7		(129.5	)		4.1			(13.7	)		(4.6	)
Adjusted net income growth (%)		36.2		(126.5	)		5.1			(12.9	)		(3.0	)
Revenue growth (%)		26.6		(14.9	)		8.7			10.3			10.2
Non-interest expense growth (%)		3.2		(15.0	)		13.2			(2.1	)		17.9
Adjusted non-interest expense growth (%)		2.5		(15.3	)		12.7			(2.4	)		17.1
Return on equity (%)		13.6		(3.0	)		11.3			8.0			9.9
Adjusted return on equity (%)		13.9		(2.8	)		11.5			8.2			10.1
Operating leverage (teb) (%)		23.4		0.1			(4.5	)		12.4			(7.7	)
Adjusted operating leverage (teb) (%)		24.1		0.4			(4.0	)		12.7			(6.9	)
Efficiency ratio (teb) (%)		54.0		72.1			66.2			61.7			69.5
Adjusted efficiency ratio (teb) (%)		53.1		71.4			65.6			61.0			68.9
Average assets		379,131		380,856			343,292			370,363			342,829
Average gross loans and acceptances		71,346		70,871			61,127			68,148			59,371
Average net loans and acceptances		70,810		70,574			61,028			67,817			59,290

(1)	KGS-Alpha and Clearpool acquisition integration costs before tax amounts of $5 million in Q3-2020, $3 million in both Q2-2020 and Q3-2019; $11 million for both YTD-2020 and YTD-2019 are included in non-interest expense.

(2)	Before tax amounts of $8 million in Q3-2020, $4 million in Q2-2020 and $3 million in Q3-2019; $17 million for YTD-2020 and $10 million for YTD-2019 are included in non-interest expense.

Adjusted results in this table are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

Q3 2020 vs. Q3 2019

BMO Capital Markets reported net income was $426 million, an increase of $112 million or 36% from the prior year, and adjusted net income was $435 million, an increase of $116 million or 36%. Adjusted net income excludes the amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets and acquisition integration costs. Strong revenue performance was partially offset by higher provisions for credit losses and higher expenses.

Revenue was $1,528 million, an increase of $321 million or 27% from the prior year, or 25% excluding the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar. Global Markets revenue increased, primarily driven by strong client activity in interest rate and commodities trading, partially offset by lower equities trading. Investment and Corporate Banking revenue increased, as higher corporate banking-related revenue was offset by lower underwriting and advisory fee revenue.

Total provision for credit losses was $137 million, an increase of $127 million from the prior year. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans was $79 million, an increase of $72 million. There was a provision for credit losses on performing loans of $58 million in the current quarter, compared with a $3 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the prior year.

Non-interest expense was $825 million, an increase of $26 million or 3% from the prior year, and adjusted non-interest expense was $812 million, an increase of $19 million or 3%, or 1% excluding the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar. The increase was primarily driven by higher performance-based costs, largely offset by lower travel and business development expenses and other employee-related costs, reflective of our focus on expense management.

Average gross loans and acceptances increased $10.2 billion or 17% from the prior year to $71.3 billion, or 15% excluding the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar. Gross loans and acceptances as at July 31, 2020, increased $4.8 billion or 8% from the prior year to $67.2 billion, or 7% excluding the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 26

Q3 2020 vs. Q2 2020

Reported net income was $426 million, an increase of $500 million from the net loss reported in the prior quarter, and adjusted net income was $435 million, an increase of $503 million.

Revenue was $1,528 million, an increase of $477 million or 45% from the prior quarter, or 47% excluding the impact of the weaker U.S. dollar. Global Markets revenue increased, primarily driven by an increase in interest rate trading due to strong client activity, and higher equities trading, partially offset by lower foreign exchange trading revenue. The prior quarter included negative impacts from equity linked notes related businesses and the unfavourable impact from a widening of credit and funding spreads on derivative valuation adjustments. Investment and Corporate Banking revenue increased, primarily due to higher underwriting and advisory fees, partially offset by lower corporate banking-related revenue from lower net securities gains. The prior quarter also reflected markdowns on the held-for-sale loan portfolio.

Total provision for credit losses was $137 million, a decrease of $271 million from the prior quarter. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans increased $6 million in the current quarter. There was a provision for credit losses on performing loans of $58 million in the current quarter, compared with a $335 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the prior quarter.

Non-interest expense was $825 million an increase of $67 million or 9%, and adjusted non-interest expense was $812 million, an increase of $61 million or 8% from the prior quarter, or 9% excluding the impact of the weaker U.S. dollar. The increase was primarily driven by higher performance-based costs, partially offset by lower travel and business development costs and other employee-related costs, reflective of our focus on expense management.

Average gross loans and acceptances increased $0.5 billion or 1% from the prior quarter, or 2% excluding the impact of the weaker U.S. dollar. Gross loans and acceptances as at July 31, 2020, decreased $10.4 billion or 13% from the prior quarter, or 11% excluding the impact of the weaker U.S. dollar, reflecting decreases in loan utilizations from particularly high levels in the prior quarter.

Q3 YTD 2020 vs. Q3 YTD 2019

Reported net income was $708 million, compared with $820 million in the prior year and adjusted net income was $729 million, compared with $836 million, primarily due to higher provisions for credit losses, partially offset by higher revenue and lower expenses.

Revenue was $3,948 million, an increase of $368 million or 10% from the prior year. Global Markets revenue increased, driven by strong client activity in interest rate, commodities and foreign exchange trading, partially offset by lower equities trading. The current year included the impacts from volatile markets in the second quarter, as noted above. The prior year included a benefit from a positive fair value adjustment in interest rate trading, partially offset by a negative fair value adjustment in equities trading. Investment and Corporate Banking revenue increased, with higher corporate banking-related revenue largely offset by markdowns on the held-for-sale loan portfolio in the current year, as well as lower underwriting and advisory fee revenue.

Total provision for credit losses was $595 million, an increase of $555 million from the prior year. The provision for credit losses on impaired loans was $205 million, an increase of $185 million from the prior year. There was a $390 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the current year, compared with a $20 million provision for credit losses on performing loans in the prior year.

Non-interest expense was $2,435 million and adjusted non-interest expense was $2,407 million, a decrease of $59 million or 2% from the prior year, or 3% excluding the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar. The decrease was primarily due to a severance expense in the prior year and lower travel and business development costs, partially offset by higher technology and transaction-based costs, and other employee-related expenses.

Average gross loans and acceptances increased $8.8 billion or 15% from the prior year to $68.1 billion, or 14% excluding the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar.

Adjusted results in this BMO Capital Markets section are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

27 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Corporate Services


(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)	Q3-2020			Q2-2020			Q3-2019			YTD-2020			YTD-2019

Net interest income before group teb offset		(161	)		(95	)		(49	)		(325	)		(153	)
Group teb offset		(101	)		(78	)		(74	)		(257	)		(219	)
Net interest income (teb)		(262	)		(173	)		(123	)		(582	)		(372	)
Non-interest revenue		78			92			62			232			169
Total revenue (teb)		(184	)		(81	)		(61	)		(350	)		(203	)
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on impaired loans		-			1			1			2			(5	)
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on performing loans		7			7			(5	)		8			(5	)
Total provision for (recovery of) credit losses		7			8			(4	)		10			(10	)
Non-interest expense		70			77			42			305			287
Income (loss) before income taxes		(261	)		(166	)		(99	)		(665	)		(480	)
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes (teb)		(143	)		(85	)		(74	)		(360	)		(299	)
Reported net loss		(118	)		(81	)		(25	)		(305	)		(181	)
Adjusted net loss		(118	)		(81	)		(25	)		(305	)		(181	)
Adjusted non-interest expense		70			77			42			305			287

Adjusted results in this table are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

Corporate Services consists of Corporate Units and Technology and Operations (T&O). Corporate Units provide enterprise-wide expertise, governance and support in a variety of areas, including strategic planning, risk management, finance, legal and regulatory compliance, human resources, communications, marketing, real estate, procurement, data and analytics. T&O develops, monitors, manages and maintains governance of information technology, and also provides cyber security and operations services.

The costs of these Corporate Units and T&O services are largely transferred to the three operating groups (Personal and Commercial Banking, BMO Wealth Management and BMO Capital Markets), with any remaining amounts retained in Corporate Services results. As such, Corporate Services results largely reflect the impact of residual treasury-related activities, the elimination of taxable equivalent adjustments, and residual unallocated expenses.

Q3 2020 vs. Q3 2019

Corporate Services reported and adjusted net loss for the quarter were $118 million, compared with a reported and adjusted net loss of $25 million in the prior year. Results decreased, primarily due to lower treasury-related revenue, reflecting higher levels of excess deposits, and higher expenses driven by the impact of a gain on the sale of an office building in the prior year.

Q3 2020 vs. Q2 2020

Reported and adjusted net loss for the quarter were $118 million, compared with a reported and adjusted net loss of $81 million in the prior quarter. Results decreased, primarily due to lower treasury-related revenue, reflecting higher levels of excess deposits, partially offset by the impact of an unfavourable tax rate in the prior quarter and lower expenses in the current quarter.

Q3 YTD 2020 vs. Q3 YTD 2019

Reported and adjusted net loss were $305 million, compared with a reported and adjusted net loss of $181 million in the prior year. Results decreased, primarily due to lower treasury-related revenue, reflecting higher levels of excess deposits, the impact of a less favourable tax rate in the current year, higher provisions for credit losses and the impact of a gain on the sale of an office building in the prior year, partially offset by lower other expenses.

Adjusted results in this Corporate Services section are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 28

Summary Quarterly Earnings Trends


(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)	Q3-2020		Q2-2020			Q1-2020		Q4-2019		Q3-2019		Q2-2019		Q1-2019		Q4-2018

Revenue (1)(2)		7,189		5,264			6,747		6,087		6,666		6,213		6,517		5,893
Insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities (CCPB)		1,189		(197	)		716		335		887		561		926		390
Revenue, net of CCPB (1)(2)		6,000		5,461			6,031		5,752		5,779		5,652		5,591		5,503
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on impaired loans		446		413			324		231		243		150		127		177
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on performing loans		608		705			25		22		63		26		10		(2	)
Total provision for credit losses		1,054		1,118			349		253		306		176		137		175
Non-interest expense (1)(2)		3,444		3,516			3,669		3,987		3,491		3,595		3,557		3,193
Income before income taxes		1,502		827			2,013		1,512		1,982		1,881		1,897		2,135
Provision for income taxes		270		138			421		318		425		384		387		438
Reported net income (see below)		1,232		689			1,592		1,194		1,557		1,497		1,510		1,697
Acquisition integration costs (3)		4		2			2		2		2		2		4		13
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets (4)		23		24			23		29		23		23		24		24
Restructuring costs (5)		-		-			-		357		-		-		-		-
Reinsurance adjustment (6)		-		-			-		25		-		-		-		-
Benefit from the remeasurement of an employee benefit liability (7)		-		-			-		-		-		-		-		(203	)
Adjusted net income (see below)		1,259		715			1,617		1,607		1,582		1,522		1,538		1,531
Basic earnings per share ($)		1.81		1.00			2.38		1.79		2.34		2.27		2.28		2.58
Diluted earnings per share ($)		1.81		1.00			2.37		1.78		2.34		2.26		2.28		2.58
Adjusted diluted earnings per share ($)		1.85		1.04			2.41		2.43		2.38		2.30		2.32		2.32

(1)

(2)

Effective the first quarter of 2019, the bank adopted IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (IFRS 15) and elected to retrospectively present prior periods as if IFRS 15 had always been applied. As a result, loyalty rewards and cash promotion costs on cards previously recorded in non-interest expense are presented as a reduction in non-interest revenue. In addition, certain out-of-pocket expenses reimbursed to BMO from customers have been reclassified from a reduction in non-interest expense to non-interest revenue.

(3)	Acquisition integration costs before tax are included in non-interest expense.

(4)	Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets before tax is charged to the non-interest expense of the operating groups.

(5)	Restructuring charges recorded in Q4-2019 of $357 million after-tax ($484 million pre-tax). Restructuring costs are included in non-interest expense in Corporate Services.

(6)

Q4-2019 reported net income included a reinsurance adjustment of $25 million (pre-tax and after-tax) in CCPB, related to the net impact of major reinsurance claims from Japanese typhoons that were incurred after our announced decision to wind down our reinsurance business. This reinsurance adjustment is included in CCPB in BMO Wealth Management.

(7)

Q4-2018 included a benefit of $203 million after-tax ($277 million pre-tax) from the remeasurement of an employee benefit liability as a result of an amendment to our other employee future benefits plan for certain employees that was announced in the fourth quarter of 2018. This amount has been included in Corporate Services in non-interest expense.

Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform with the current period’s presentation.

Adjusted results in this table are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section.

BMO’s quarterly earnings trends were reviewed in detail on pages 52 and 53 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report. Please refer to that review for a more complete discussion of trends and factors affecting past quarterly results, including the modest impact of seasonal variations in results. Quarterly earnings are also impacted by foreign currency translation. The table above outlines summary results for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 through the third quarter of fiscal 2020.

Earnings Trends

BMO’s results in the most recent two quarters reflect the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, with higher provisions for credit losses recorded in our P&C businesses and BMO Capital Markets, market sensitive businesses impacted by market conditions and the impact of lower interest rates. Revenue performance in our market sensitive businesses has improved from the previous quarter. Our P&C businesses recorded good year-over-year balance growth, but have been impacted by lower margins due to the lower rate environment. Prior to the last two quarters, BMO’s underlying results have generally trended upwards.

Reported results over the past eight quarters were impacted by a restructuring charge and a reinsurance adjustment, both in the fourth quarter of 2019, as well as a benefit from the remeasurement of an employee future benefit liability in the fourth quarter of 2018.

Canadian P&C delivered year-over-year loan and deposit growth, and focused expense management. Revenue in the second and third quarters of 2020 was negatively impacted by the lower rate environment. U.S. P&C delivered year-over-year revenue growth in the past eight quarters, with year-over-year growth in loan and deposit balances, as well as continued expense management. Traditional Wealth Management results have generally seen moderate increases. The current quarter results reflect the impact of improved equity markets, while the second quarter of 2020 was impacted by weaker markets and a legal provision. Insurance results are subject to variability resulting from changes in interest rates, equity markets and reinsurance claims. Performance in BMO Capital Markets over the past eight quarters generally reflected good revenue performance, due to strong U.S. segment performance and benefits from our diversified businesses, with the exception of the second quarter of 2020, which was negatively impacted by market conditions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Results in the second quarter of 2019 included a severance expense. Corporate Services reported results can fluctuate quarter-over-quarter, in large part due to the inclusion of adjusting items, which are largely recorded in Corporate Services.

The bank’s results reflect the impact of IFRS 16, Leases (IFRS 16), which was adopted in the first quarter of 2020, and IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (IFRS 15), which was adopted retrospectively in the first quarter of 2019. Please refer to the Changes in Accounting Policies section on page 34 and on pages 142 to 146 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report.

BMO’s total provision for credit losses measured as a percentage of net loans and acceptances has ranged between 13 basis points and 31 basis points between the fourth quarter of 2018 and first quarter of 2020. Since the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, the bank recognized elevated credit losses. Our total provision for credit losses was 94 basis points in second quarter of 2020 and 89 basis points in third quarter of 2020.

29 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

The effective tax rate has varied with legislative changes; changes in tax policy, including their interpretation by tax authorities and the courts; earnings mix, including the relative proportion of earnings attributable to the different jurisdictions in which we operate; and the level of tax-exempt income from securities.

Adjusted results in this Summary Quarterly Earnings Trends section are non-GAAP amounts or non-GAAP measures. Please refer to the Non-GAAP Measures section. See also the Impact of COVID-19 and Risk Management sections.

Balance Sheet

Total assets were $973.5 billion as at July 31, 2020, an increase of $121.3 billion from October 31, 2019. The stronger U.S. dollar at quarter-end increased assets by $6.9 billion, excluding the impact on derivative financial assets. The following discussion excludes the impact of changes in the U.S. dollar.

Net loans and acceptances increased $10.7 billion. Business and government loans and acceptances increased $9.3 billion with higher balances across all operating groups and includes government relief facilities related to the impact of COVID-19. Consumer instalment and other personal loans increased $1.2 billion, due to growth in our P&C businesses, reflecting government relief facilities related to the impact of COVID-19, and BMO Wealth Management. Residential mortgages increased $1.6 billion, due to growth in Canadian P&C, partially offset by lower balances in U.S. P&C.

Securities increased $36.8 billion, primarily due to strong customer deposit growth in excess of loan growth and higher client activity in BMO Capital Markets. Cash and cash equivalents and interest bearing deposits with banks increased $27.2 billion, due to higher balances held with central banks, primarily as a result of strong customer deposit growth in excess of loan growth. Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements increased $13.7 billion, primarily due to higher client activity in BMO Capital Markets. All other assets, excluding derivative financial assets, increased $9.4 billion, primarily driven by higher cash collateral requirements on over-the-counter derivative transactions and the adoption of IFRS 16, Leases, which resulted in the recording of a right-of-use asset and lease liability on the balance sheet.

Liabilities increased $117.8 billion from October 31, 2019. The stronger U.S. dollar increased liabilities by $6.2 billion, excluding the impact on derivative financial liabilities. The following discussion excludes the impact of changes in the U.S. dollar.

Deposits increased $87.8 billion. Business and government deposits increased $51.4 billion, primarily due to growth in customer balances across the operating groups, which in part reflects the higher amount of liquidity retained by our customers due to the impact of COVID-19. Deposits by individuals increased $18.6 billion, due to growth in the P&C businesses and BMO Wealth Management. Deposits by banks increased $17.8 billion, primarily due to participation in the Bank of Canada’s term repo facility.

Securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements increased $12.2 billion, driven by client activity in BMO Capital Markets and participation in the Bank of Canada’s secured term repo facility. Securities sold but not yet purchased increased $4.2 billion, driven by client activity in BMO Capital Markets. Customers’ liability under acceptances decreased $5.6 billion, as a result of fewer bankers’ acceptances being issued into the market. Subordinated debt increased $1.5 billion, primarily due to an issuance in the quarter. All other liabilities, excluding derivative financial liabilities, decreased $4.8 billion, primarily due to lower secured funding, partially offset by the impact of the adoption of IFRS 16, Leases.

Derivative financial assets increased $16.7 billion and derivative financial liabilities increased $16.3 billion, including the impact of changes in the U.S. dollar, primarily due to an increase in the value of client-driven trading derivatives in BMO Capital Markets. The increase was primarily due to the impact of lower interest rates, strengthening of the U.S. dollar, volatility in equity markets and lower oil prices.

Total equity increased $3.5 billion from October 31, 2019. Accumulated other comprehensive income increased $2.1 billion, primarily due to the impact of lower interest rates on cash flow hedges and the impact of the stronger U.S. dollar on the translation of net foreign operations. Retained earnings increased $1.2 billion, as a result of net income earned in the current year, partially offset by dividends and distributions on other equity instruments, as well as the impact of the adoption of IFRS 16, Leases on the opening balance.

Contractual obligations by year of maturity are outlined on page 43 of this Report to Shareholders.

Please see the Impact of COVID-19 and Risk Management sections.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 30

Transactions with Related Parties

In the ordinary course of business, we provide banking services to our key management personnel on the same terms that we offer to our preferred customers for those services. Key management personnel are defined as those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and/or controlling the activities of an entity, being the directors and most senior executives of the bank. We provide banking services to our joint ventures and equity-accounted investees on the same terms offered to our customers for these services.

The bank’s policies and procedures for related party transactions did not materially change from October 31, 2019, as described in Note 27 to the audited consolidated financial statements on page 204 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report.

Select Financial Instruments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Financial Stability Board (FSB) issued a report in 2012, encouraging enhanced disclosure related to financial instruments that market participants had come to regard as carrying higher risk. An index of where the disclosures recommended by the Enhanced Disclosure Task Force (EDTF) of the FSB are located is provided on our website at www.bmo.com/investorrelations. We follow a practice of reporting on significant changes in select financial instruments since year end, if any, in our interim MD&A. There have been no material changes from the disclosure on page 66 in our 2019 Annual Report.

We also enter into a number of off-balance sheet arrangements in the normal course of operations. The most significant of these are credit instruments, structured entities and guarantees, which are described on page 67 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report. We consolidate all of our structured entities, except for our Canadian customer securitization vehicles, structured finance vehicles, certain capital and funding vehicles, as well as various BMO-managed and non-managed investment funds. There have been no significant changes to the bank’s off-balance sheet arrangements since October 31, 2019, with the exception of our participation in certain government programs that were launched in the second quarter of 2020.

These government offered programs were launched to support businesses facing economic hardship due to the outbreak, including the Canada Emergency Business Account (CEBA) Program. Under the CEBA Program, we issue loans that are funded by the government. We assessed whether substantially all the risks and rewards of the loans were transferred to the government and determined they qualify for derecognition, therefore we do not record these loans on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates

Significant accounting policies are described in our 2019 Annual Report and in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2019, and in Note 1 to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements, together with a discussion of certain accounting estimates that are considered particularly important as they require management to make significant judgments, some of which relate to matters that are inherently uncertain. Readers are encouraged to review that discussion on pages 107 to 111 and 142 to 146 in BMO’s 2019 Annual Report, as well as the updates provided in Note 1 to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to use estimates and assumptions that affect the carrying amounts of certain assets and liabilities, certain amounts reported in net income and other related disclosures. The most significant assets and liabilities for which we must make estimates include allowance for credit losses; financial instruments measured at fair value; pension and other employee future benefits; impairment of securities; income taxes and deferred tax assets; goodwill and intangible assets; insurance-related liabilities; and provisions. If actual results were to differ from the estimates, the impact would be recorded in future periods.

The full extent of the impact that COVID-19, including government and/or regulatory responses to the outbreak, will have on the Canadian and U.S. economies and the bank’s business remains uncertain and difficult to predict at this time. By their very nature, the judgments and estimates we make for the purposes of preparing our financial statements relate to matters that are inherently uncertain. However, we have detailed policies and internal controls that are intended to ensure these judgments and estimates are well controlled, independently reviewed, and our policies are consistently applied from period to period. We believe that our estimates of the value of our assets and liabilities are appropriate as at July 31, 2020.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses (ACL) consists of allowances on impaired loans, which represent estimated losses related to impaired loans in the portfolio provided for but not yet written off, and allowances on performing loans, which is our best estimate of impairment in the existing portfolio for loans that have not yet been individually identified as impaired. Expected credit losses (ECL) are calculated on a probability-weighted basis, based on the economic scenarios described below, and are calculated for each exposure in the portfolio as a function of the probability of default (PD), exposure at default (EAD) and loss given default (LGD), with the timing of the loss also considered. Where there has been a significant increase in credit risk, lifetime ECL is recorded; otherwise 12 months of ECL is generally recorded. Significant increase in credit risk takes into account many different factors and will vary by product and risk segment. The main factors considered in making this determination are the change in PD since origination and certain other criteria, such as 30-day past due and watchlist status. In cases where borrowers have opted to participate in payment deferral programs we offered as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, deferred payments are not considered to be past due and do not on their own indicate a significant increase in credit risk. We may apply experienced credit judgment to reflect factors not captured in the ECL models as we deem necessary. In Q3 2020, we have applied experienced credit judgment to reflect the impact of the extraordinary and highly uncertain environment on credit conditions and the economy. For additional information, refer to pages 107 to 108, Note 4 of our audited annual consolidated financial statements on pages 151 to 158 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report and Note 3 of our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements on page 55.

31 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Our total allowance for credit losses as at July 31, 2020, was $3,707 million ($2,094 million as at October 31, 2019), comprised of an allowance on performing loans of $2,976 million and an allowance on impaired loans of $731 million ($1,609 million and $485 million, respectively, as at October 31, 2019). The allowance on performing loans increased $1,367 million from the fourth quarter of 2019, primarily driven by the macroeconomic outlook, portfolio migration and changes in scenario weighting.

In establishing our allowance for performing loans, we attach probability weightings to three economic scenarios, which are representative of our view of forecast economic and market conditions – a base scenario, which in our view represents the most probable outcome, as well as benign and adverse scenarios, all developed by our Economics group, based on our outlook at the end of the quarter, in accordance with IFRS principles.

As at July 31, 2020, our base case economic forecast depicts a contracting Canadian economy, with real GDP falling 6.0% in 2020, as a result of a sharp decline in the first half of the year. This contraction is largely due to continued severe dislocations caused by COVID-19, however, the economy is expected to rebound 6.0% in 2021 as the outbreak is brought under control. The Canadian unemployment rate is forecasted to increase to an average of 9.5% in 2020, up from 5.7% in 2019, and improve to an average of 8.0% in 2021. The U.S. economy follows a similar trajectory with U.S. real GDP forecast to decline 5.5% in 2020, before growing 5.0% in 2021. The U.S. unemployment rate is forecast to increase to an average of 8.9% in 2020, compared with 3.7% in 2019, before falling to an average of 7.0% in 2021. This is in contrast to our base case economic forecast as at October 31, 2019, which depicted moderate economic growth in both Canada and the United States over the projection period. In addition, the outlook for the economy and labour markets is moderately weaker, compared with expectations in the second quarter of 2020. If we assume a 100% base case economic forecast and include the impact of loan migration by restaging, with other assumptions held constant, including the application of experienced credit judgment, the allowance on performing loans would be approximately $2,725 million as at July 31, 2020 ($1,325 million as at October 31, 2019), compared with the reported allowance on performing loans of $2,976 million ($1,609 million as at October 31, 2019).

As at July 31, 2020, our adverse case economic forecast also depicts a contracting Canadian economy, with real GDP declining 7.6% in 2020, with an increase of 3.7% in 2021. In our adverse case scenario, the dislocations caused by the pandemic are more significant and persist for a longer period of time, compared with our base case scenario. The Canadian unemployment rate averages 10.9% in 2020 and 10.0% in 2021. U.S. real GDP declines 7.1% in 2020 and rebounds 2.5% in 2021. The U.S. unemployment rate averages 10.3% in 2020 and decreases to an average of 8.9% in 2021. This is in contrast to the adverse scenario forecast as at October 31, 2019, which depicted a typical recession with the economy contracting 3% in the first year followed by a steady recovery through the end of the projection period. If we assume a 100% adverse economic forecast and include the impact of loan migration by restaging, with other assumptions held constant, including the application of experienced credit judgment, the allowance on performing loans would be approximately $3,550 million as at July 31, 2020 ($2,800 million as at October 31, 2019), compared with the reported allowance on performing loans of $2,976 million ($1,609 million as at October 31, 2019).

The following table shows the key economic variables we used to estimate our allowance on performing loans during the forecast period. This table is typically provided on an annual basis, however, given the significant level of change in the forward-looking information since the end of 2019, the disclosures have been provided as an update to information in BMO’s 2019 Annual Report. The values shown represent the national annual average values for calendar 2020 and calendar 2021. The base case scenario reflects our view of the most probable outcome. Our forecast in Q3 2020 is moderately weaker from our initial view of the pandemic’s impacts during 2020, with real GDP now forecast to contract 5.5% in the United States reflecting the recent downturn, and our forecast real GDP for Canada staying constant from last quarter. We still expect the economy to recover during the remainder of 2020 in all three scenarios, continuing through 2021, with support from substantial policy stimulus. Unemployment rates are higher throughout the three scenarios as a result of the initial recession, compared with both October 31, 2019 and April 30, 2020. While the values disclosed below are national variables, we use regional variables in our underlying models where considered appropriate and consider factors impacting particular industries.

Benign scenario

Base scenario

Adverse scenario (1)

2020

2021

2020

2021

2020

2021

All figures are average

annual values

July 31,
2020

October 31,
2019

July 31,
2020

October 31,
2019

July 31,
2020

October 31,
2019

July 31,
2020

October 31,
2019

July 31,
2020

October 31,
2019

July 31,
2020

October 31,
2019

Real gross domestic product (2)

Canada

(4.6)%

2.9%

8.9%

2.5%

(6.0)%

1.7%

6.0%

1.6%

(7.6)%

(2.3)%

3.7%

0.5%

United States

(4.1)%

2.4%

7.8%

2.4%

(5.5)%

1.8%

5.0%

1.9%

(7.1)%

(2.0)%

2.5%

0.6%

Corporate BBB 10-year spread

Canada

2.1%

2.0%

1.9%

2.1%

2.4%

2.3%

2.3%

2.3%

2.8%

4.5%

3.1%

4.1%

United States

2.2%

1.8%

1.9%

2.0%

2.5%

2.3%

2.4%

2.4%

3.0%

4.1%

3.2%

3.6%

Unemployment rates

Canada

8.5%

5.1%

6.5%

5.0%

9.5%

5.7%

8.0%

5.9%

10.9%

8.5%

10.0%

9.0%

United States

7.5%

3.3%

5.4%

3.2%

8.9%

3.7%

7.0%

3.8%

10.3%

6.1%

8.9%

6.8%

Housing price index (HPI) (2)

Canada (3)

5.3%

3.7%

5.4%

3.7%

3.5%

2.0%

0.0%

2.5%

0.8%

(12.3)%

(7.5)%

(4.7)%

United States (4)

2.4%

4.4%

4.6%

4.2%

1.0%

3.0%

1.6%

2.7%

(0.4)%

(5.7)%

(1.9)%

(2.2)%

(1)	In Q4 2019, the adverse scenario was reflective of a typical recession that extends for four quarters. However, beginning Q2 2020 , the adverse scenario used is reflective of a more adverse outcome compared with our base case forecast.

(2)	Real gross domestic product and housing price index are year-over-year growth rates.

(3)	In Canada, we use the HPI Benchmark Composite.

(4)	In the United States, we use the National Case-Shiller House Price Index.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 32

Real GDP is an important determinant for many of the key economic and market variables in our ECL models, although the allowance is not sensitive to this variable alone. The table shows how we expect the real GDP year-over-year growth rate for the base case in Canada and the United States to trend by calendar quarter, with the immediate sharp downturn and subsequent recovery. In addition, the table includes the real GDP level, compared with the calendar quarter Q4 2019, expressed as a percentage.


Calendar quarter ended	June 30, 2020		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2020		March 31, 2021		June 30, 2021		September 30, 2021		December 31, 2021		March 31, 2022
Real gross domestic product growth rates year-over-year
Canada		(13.5)%		(5.8)%		(3.7)%		0.1%		14.9%		5.9%		4.1%		2.8%
United States		(12.2)%		(5.7)%		(4.6)%		(1.9)%		12.8%		5.5%		4.6%		3.8%
Real gross domestic product level compared to calendar Q4 2019
Canada		86.2%		94.1%		96.3%		98.0%		99.0%		99.6%		100.2%		100.7%
United States		86.9%		93.8%		95.4%		96.8%		98.1%		99.0%		99.8%		100.5%

The ECL approach requires the recognition of credit losses generally based on 12 months of expected losses for performing loans (Stage 1) and the recognition of lifetime expected losses for performing loans that have experienced a significant increase in credit risk since origination (Stage 2). Under our current probability-weighted scenarios and based on the current risk profile of our loan exposures, if all our performing loans were in Stage 1, our allowance for performing loans would be approximately $2,300 million ($1,050 million as at October 31, 2019), compared with the reported allowance for performing loans of $2,976 million ($1,609 million as at October 31, 2019).

Information on the Provision for Credit Losses for the three and nine months ending July 31, 2020, can be found on page 12 of this MD&A.

This Allowance for Credit Losses section contains forward-looking statements. Please refer to the Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements section. See also the Impact of COVID-19 and Risk Management sections.

Transfer of Assets

We sell Canadian mortgage loans to third-party Canadian securitization programs, including the Insured Mortgage Purchase Program (IMPP) launched in the second quarter by the Government of Canada, as part of their response to COVID-19. We assess whether substantially all of the risks and rewards of the loans have been transferred, in order to determine if they qualify for derecognition. Since we continue to be exposed to substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership associated with these securitized mortgages, they do not qualify for derecognition. We continue to recognize the loans and recognize the related cash proceeds as secured financing in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value

We record assets and liabilities classified as trading, assets and liabilities designated at fair value, derivatives, certain equity and debt securities and securities sold but not yet purchased at fair value. Fair value represents our estimate of the amount we would receive or would be required to pay in the case of a liability, in an orderly transaction between willing parties at the measurement date. The fair value amounts disclosed represent point-in-time estimates that may change in subsequent reporting periods due to changes in market conditions or other factors. Some financial instruments are not typically exchangeable or exchanged and therefore it is difficult to determine their fair value. Where there is no quoted market price, we determine fair value using management’s best estimates based on a range of valuation techniques and assumptions; since these involve uncertainties, the fair values may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the asset or liability. For instruments that are valued using models, we consider all reasonable available information and maximize the use of observable market data. When we determine that the model estimates do not reflect fair value, we incorporate certain adjustments to establish fair values. These fair value adjustments take into account the estimated impact of credit risk, liquidity risk and other items, including closeout costs, market volatility and bid-offer spreads. For example, the credit risk valuation adjustment for derivative financial instruments incorporates credit risk into our determination of fair values by taking into account factors such as the counterparty’s credit rating, the duration of the instrument and changes in credit spreads. We also incorporate an estimate of the implicit funding costs borne by BMO for over-the-counter derivative positions (the funding valuation adjustment).

We have considered the current market conditions due to COVID-19 and their impact on the determination of fair value, applying judgment in the selection of inputs where applicable.

Caution

This Accounting Policies and Critical Accounting Estimates section contains forward-looking statements. Please refer to the Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.

33 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Changes in Accounting Policies

IFRS 16, Leases

Effective November 1, 2019, we adopted IFRS 16, Leases (IFRS 16), which provides guidance whereby lessees are required to recognize a liability for the present value of future lease payments and record a corresponding asset on the balance sheet for most leases. The impact to our Equipment Finance and Transportation Finance businesses are minimal. The most significant impact for the bank is the recording of real estate leases on the balance sheet. Previously, most of our real estate leases were classified as operating leases, whereby we recorded the lease expense over the lease term with no asset or liability recorded on the balance sheet other than related leasehold improvements. On adoption, we elected to exclude intangibles from the scope of lease accounting.

On transition, we chose to recognize the cumulative effect of adoption of IFRS 16 in opening retained earnings with no changes to prior periods.

Interbank Offered Rate (IBOR) Reform

Effective November 1, 2019, we early adopted the Phase 1 amendments to IAS 39, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement and IFRS 7, Financial Instruments: Disclosures. The amendments provide relief from the uncertainty arising from IBOR reform during the period prior to replacement of IBORs. The amendments modify certain hedge accounting requirements, allowing us to assume the interest rate benchmark on which the cash flows of the hedged item and the hedging instrument are based are not altered as a result of IBOR reform, thereby allowing hedge accounting to continue. They also provide an exception from the requirement to discontinue hedge accounting if a hedging relationship does not meet the effectiveness requirements as a result of IBOR reform.

Mandatory application of the amendments ends at the earlier of when the uncertainty regarding the timing and amount of interest rate benchmark-based cash flows is no longer present and the discontinuation of the hedging relationship.

Effective November 1, 2019, we also adopted IFRS Interpretations Committee Interpretation 23, Uncertainty over income tax treatments (IFRIC 23), which had no impact on our financial results upon adoption.

Note 1 to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements provides further details on the impact of adoption of IFRIC 23 and the other new standards, including IFRS 16 and IBOR Reform.

Future Changes in Accounting Policies

We monitor the potential changes proposed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and analyze the effect that changes in the standards may have on BMO’s financial reporting and accounting policies. Information on new standards and amendments to existing standards, which are effective for the bank in the future, can be found on page 111 and in Note 1 to the audited annual consolidated financial statements on page 146 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report, and in Note 1 to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements on page 52.

IFRS 17, Insurance Contracts

In June 2020, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 17, Insurance Contracts (IFRS 17). The amendments include a deferral for the effective date of IFRS 17, resulting in a new adoption date for the bank of November 1, 2023 instead of November 1, 2022. It also includes amendments to simplify and revise certain requirements, as well as provide additional transition relief. We continue to assess the impact of the standard on our future financial results. Further information on these amendments can be found in Note 1 to the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements on page 52.

Other Regulatory Developments

We continue to monitor and prepare for regulatory developments, including those referenced elsewhere in this Report to Shareholders.

For a comprehensive discussion of regulatory developments, see the Enterprise-Wide Capital Management section starting on page 59, the Risks That May Affect Future Results section starting on page 68, the Liquidity and Funding Risk section starting on page 91, and the Legal and Regulatory Risk section starting on page 103 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report.

This Other Regulatory Developments section contains forward-looking statements. Please refer to the Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 34

Risk Management

Our risk management policies and processes to identify, measure, manage, monitor, mitigate and report our credit and counterparty, market, insurance, liquidity and funding, operational, including technology and cyber-related risks, legal and regulatory, business, strategic, environmental and social, and reputation risks, have not changed significantly from those outlined in the Enterprise-Wide Risk Management section on pages 68 to 106 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report.

Top and Emerging Risks that May Affect Future Results

BMO’s top and emerging risks and other factors that may affect future results are described on pages 68 to 71 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report. The following is an update to the 2019 Annual Report.

COVID-19 Pandemic Related Risks

The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic has had, and will likely continue to have a negative impact on the global economy and economic outlook, including with respect to the jurisdictions in which we operate, resulting in lower economic output, increased unemployment levels and lower interest rates. Government and regulatory measures, such as temporary closures of businesses, the institution of social distancing and other measures have been relaxed in certain of the jurisdictions in which we operate. However, other jurisdictions have reinstated measures due to subsequent spikes in COVID-19 infections. Actions taken by governments, monetary authorities and regulators to support the economy and financial system, including fiscal and monetary measures to increase liquidity and support incomes, as well as regulatory actions in respect of financial institutions, generally remained in place, though there is uncertainty regarding how much longer these actions and measures will stay in effect.

The pandemic has had a negative impact on the bank’s earnings in the current and prior quarter, including increased provisions for credit loan losses on both impaired and performing loans, and lower net interest margins. BMO continues to monitor the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on its credit portfolio. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in negative migration across the portfolio, particularly in certain sectors that are considered more vulnerable to the pandemic. In order to assist our clients, we have been working closely with governments and agencies to implement programs to reduce the financial hardship caused by COVID-19, including offering payment deferrals and lending facilities designed to help individuals and businesses to withstand stress and recover. During the quarter, commercial payment deferrals declined, with outstanding commercial deferrals by balance approximately half of those recorded in Q2 2020. Overall, the large majority of these clients resumed payments with only a small percentage having their payment relief term extended. Almost all of the remaining initial payment deferrals offered to our business clients are expected to expire in Q4 2020. For consumer payment deferrals, we saw high rates of payment resumption from those payment deferrals that matured during the quarter. The majority of consumer payment deferrals will expire in Q4 2020 and the maturities are being closely monitored and actively managed.

If the COVID-19 pandemic is prolonged, the negative impact on the global economy could deepen from what is now expected. It could continue to disrupt global supply chains, lower equity market valuations and interest rates, create significant volatility and disrupt financial markets, and further increase unemployment and business bankruptcies. The bank’s net interest income would likely be impacted should interest rates decrease from current low levels and the demand for our products and services may be significantly reduced. In the event the COVID-19 pandemic is prolonged, the bank would expect to continue to recognize elevated credit losses in our loan portfolios, including in those industries directly impacted by the pandemic and in our retail portfolios given higher unemployment. We could also experience mark-to-market losses in our trading business for several reasons, including heightened market volatility and a deterioration in the financial condition of counterparties, and other parties relevant to our business. As a result of changing economic and market conditions, we may be required to recognize impairments in future periods on the securities or other assets we hold, as well as reductions in other comprehensive income. In addition, in certain businesses, including our equity linked notes related businesses where we sell investment products that have returns tied to equity securities, we have exposure to the dividend policies of the companies that issue those underlying equity securities. Our business operations may also be disrupted if our key suppliers of goods and services are adversely impacted or significant portions of our workforce are unable to work effectively, including because of illness, quarantines, government actions, or other restrictions in connection with the pandemic. The pandemic may also impact our ability to access capital markets, our liquidity and capital position, or may result in downgrades in our credit ratings. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increase, and may result in further increases, in certain of the risks outlined in the Enterprise-Wide Risk Management section on pages 68 to 106 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report, including BMO’s top and emerging, credit and counterparty, market, insurance, liquidity and funding, operational, including technology and cyber-related, legal and regulatory, business, strategic, environmental and social, and reputation risk. We may also face increased risk of litigation and governmental and regulatory scrutiny, as a result of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on market and economic conditions and actions governmental authorities take in response to those conditions.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact our operations and financial performance and condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic and actions taken by governmental and regulatory authorities, which could vary by country, and other third parties in response to the pandemic.

Further discussion of the pandemic can be found in the Impact of COVID-19 section on page 8.

Oil and Gas Industry Outlook

Though oil prices have improved from their low levels in the prior quarter, they still remain below price levels prior to the pandemic. Our exposure in this sector is relatively modest, relative to our total loan portfolio, with oil and gas gross loans and acceptances of $14 billion, representing 3% of total loans. We continue to closely monitor all segments in this industry.

35 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Market Risk

BMO’s market risk management practices and key measures are outlined on pages 86 to 90 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report.

Linkages between Balance Sheet Items and Market Risk Disclosures

The table below presents items reported in our Consolidated Balance Sheet that are subject to market risk, comprised of balances that are subject to either traded risk or non-traded risk measurement techniques.

Linkages between Balance Sheet Items and Market Risk Disclosures


	As at July 31, 2020								As at October 31, 2019
	Consolidated		Subject to market risk				Not subject		Consolidated		Subject to market risk				Not subject		Primary risk factors for
	Balance		Traded		Non-traded		to market		Balance		Traded		Non-traded		to market		non-traded risk
(Canadian $ in millions)	Sheet		risk (1)		risk (2)		risk		Sheet		risk (1)		risk (2)		risk		balances
Assets Subject to Market Risk
Cash and cash equivalents		76,590		-		76,590		-		48,803		-		48,803		-	Interest rate
Interest bearing deposits with banks		8,364		99		8,265		-		7,987		242		7,745		-	Interest rate
Securities		227,905		89,089		138,816		-		189,438		85,739		103,699		-	Interest rate, credit spread, equity
Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements		118,713		-		118,713		-		104,004		-		104,004		-	Interest rate
Loans (net of allowance for credit losses)		445,328		-		445,328		-		426,094		-		426,094		-	Interest rate, foreign exchange
Derivative instruments		38,796		33,379		5,417		-		22,144		19,508		2,636		-	Interest rate, foreign exchange
Customer’s liabilities under acceptances		18,032		-		18,032		-		23,593		-		23,593		-	Interest rate
Other assets (3)		39,780		4,716		17,697		17,367		30,132		1,719		13,698		14,715	Interest rate
Total Assets		973,508		127,283		828,858		17,367		852,195		107,208		730,272		14,715
Liabilities Subject to Market Risk
Deposits		660,600		17,467		643,133		-		568,143		15,829		552,314		-	Interest rate, foreign exchange
Derivative instruments		39,859		35,297		4,562		-		23,598		20,094		3,504		-	Interest rate, foreign exchange
Acceptances		18,032		-		18,032		-		23,593		-		23,593		-	Interest rate
Securities sold but not yet purchased		30,579		30,579		-		-		26,253		26,253		-		-
Securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements		99,854		-		99,854		-		86,656		-		86,656		-	Interest rate
Other liabilities (3)		61,484		-		61,345		139		65,881		-		65,766		115	Interest rate
Subordinated debt		8,513		-		8,513		-		6,995		-		6,995		-	Interest rate
Total Liabilities		918,921		83,343		835,439		139		801,119		62,176		738,828		115

(1)	Primarily comprised of balance sheet items that are subject to the trading and underwriting risk management framework and fair valued through profit or loss.

(2)	Primarily comprised of balance sheet items that are subject to the structural balance sheet and insurance risk management framework.

(3)

Effective the first quarter of 2020, the bank adopted IFRS 16, Leases (IFRS 16). As at July 31, 2020, we recognized a total right-of-use asset in other assets of $1,931 million, with a corresponding lease liability of $2,112 million in other liabilities. Refer to the Changes in Accounting Policies section on page 34 for further details.

Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform with the current period’s presentation.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 36

Trading and Underwriting Market Risk

Average Total Trading Value at Risk (VaR) increased quarter-over-quarter, as the current quarter was the first full quarter to incorporate the historical market volatility from the COVID-19 crisis that began in the middle of the prior quarter. This impact counteracted a reduction in equity and fixed income positions during the quarter. The quarter-over-quarter decrease in Average Total Trading Stressed VaR (SVaR) reflects the decline in equity and fixed income risk positions, as it captures a more constant level of market volatility. During the quarter, the SVaR period changed from the 2008 financial crisis to the 2020 COVID-19 crisis.

Total Trading Value at Risk (VaR) and Trading Stressed Value at Risk (SVaR) Summary (1)(2)(3)

For the quarter ended July 31, 2020

April 30, 2020

July 31, 2019

(Pre-tax Canadian $ equivalent in millions)

Quarter-end

Average

High

Low

Average

Commodity VaR

4.2

2.8

4.2

1.9

1.7

1.3

Equity VaR

23.1

20.6

34.5

14.6

17.5

3.9

Foreign exchange VaR

3.6

4.2

6.4

2.9

3.2

0.4

Interest rate VaR (4)

39.1

28.3

39.6

22.6

16.4

7.8

Debt-specific risk

4.5

5.7

7.6

4.0

2.5

1.5

Diversification

(29.5

)

(23.8

)

(12.1

)

(7.2

)

Total Trading VaR

45.0

37.8

53.3

25.8

29.2

7.7

Total Trading SVaR

45.0

53.4

67.8

29.2

62.7

24.2

(1)	One-day measure using a 99% confidence interval. Benefits are presented in parentheses and losses are presented as positive numbers.

(2)	Stressed VaR is produced weekly and at month end.

(3)

In Q1-2020, a new measurement approach was used for VaR and SVaR, which split the previously reported credit VaR into interest rate VaR for general credit spread risk and for debt-specific risk. Results in prior quarters have been provided for comparability. In addition, the Total Trading VaR and SVaR no longer recognize diversification benefits from debt-specific risk.

(4)	Interest rate VaR includes general credit spread risk.

nm - not meaningful

Structural (Non-Trading) Market Risk

Structural economic value exposure to rising interest rates remained relatively unchanged, relative to April 30, 2020. Structural economic value benefit to falling interest rates decreased relative to April 30, 2020, due to the reduced extent to which interest rates can now fall. Structural earnings benefit to rising interest rates decreased relative to April 30, 2020, as fewer net assets are scheduled to reprice over the next 12 months. Structural earnings exposure to falling interest rates decreased relative to April 30, 2020, due to fewer net assets scheduled to reprice over the next 12 months and the reduced extent to which interest rates can now decline.

Structural Balance Sheet Earnings and Value Sensitivity to Changes in Interest Rates (1)(2)(3)


	Economic value sensitivity									Earnings sensitivity over the next 12 months
(Pre-tax Canadian $ equivalent in millions)	July 31, 2020			April 30, 2020			July 31, 2019			July 31, 2020			April 30, 2020			July 31, 2019
100 basis point increase		(984.4	)		(908.7	)		(886.5	)		131.9			180.6			42.1
25/100 basis point decrease		45.9			114.9			(39.9	)		(51.1	)		(72.1	)		(126.3	)

(1)	Losses are in parentheses and benefits are presented as positive numbers.

(2)	Owing to the low interest rate environment starting April 30, 2020 economic value sensitivity and earning sensitivity to declining interest rates are measured using a 25 basis point decline, while prior periods reflect a 100 basis point decline.

(3)

Insurance market risk includes interest rate and equity market risk arising from BMO’s insurance business activities. A 100 basis point increase in interest rates as at July 31, 2020, would result in an increase in earnings before tax of $49 million ($42 million as at April 30, 2020 and $27 million as at October 31, 2019). A 25 basis point decrease in interest rates as at July 31, 2020, would result in a decrease in earnings before tax of $12 million ($11 million as at April 30, 2020 under a 25 basis point decrease and $25 million as at October 31, 2019 under a 100 basis point decrease). On an unhedged basis, a 10% decrease in equity market values as at July 31, 2020, would result in a decrease in earnings before tax of $65 million ($56 million as at April 30, 2020 and $57 million as at October 31, 2019). A 10% increase in equity market values as at July 31, 2020, would result in an increase in earnings before tax of $66 million ($57 million as at April 30, 2020 and $54 million as at October 31, 2019). BMO may enter into hedging arrangements to offset the impact of changes in equity market values on its earnings, and did so during the 2020 fiscal year. The impact of insurance market risk on earnings is reflected in insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities on the Consolidated Statement of Income, and the corresponding change in the fair value of our policy benefit liabilities is reflected in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The impact of insurance market risk is not reflected in the table above.

37 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Liquidity and Funding Risk

Liquidity and funding risk is managed under a robust risk management framework. This framework enabled BMO to effectively manage the liquidity and funding impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic that began in the second quarter of 2020.

BMO continued to maintain a strong liquidity position in the third quarter. The bank experienced strong customer deposit inflows in the third quarter, building on the momentum observed in the second quarter, while customer loans declined. Wholesale funding declined as the bank repaid wholesale term funding that matured in the quarter. Central banks around the world continued to make available a number of programs that were established in Q2 2020 that were targeted to support the financial and funding markets and the provision of funding to customers affected by the pandemic. BMO used these programs at the time in a manner consistent with other banks, given market disruptions. BMO did not further use those programs in the third quarter and repaid funding from these programs as borrowings matured. These programs are expected to continue to be available as necessary and in some cases for an extended period of time. BMO’s liquidity metrics, including the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR), remained well above internal targets and regulatory requirements.

BMO’s liquid assets are primarily held in our trading businesses, as well as in liquidity portfolios that are maintained for contingent liquidity risk management purposes and as investments of excess structural liquidity. Liquid assets include unencumbered, high-quality assets that are marketable, can be pledged as security for borrowings, and can be converted to cash in a time frame that meets our liquidity and funding requirements. BMO’s liquid assets are summarized in the table below.

In the ordinary course of business, BMO may encumber a portion of cash and securities holdings as collateral in support of trading activities and our participation in clearing and payment systems in Canada and abroad. In addition, BMO may receive liquid assets as collateral and may re-pledge these assets in exchange for cash or as collateral in support of trading activities. Net unencumbered liquid assets, defined as on-balance sheet assets, such as BMO-owned cash and securities and securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements, plus other off-balance sheet eligible collateral received, less collateral encumbered, totalled $314.2 billion as at July 31, 2020, compared with $289.2 billion as at April 30, 2020. The increase in unencumbered liquid assets was primarily due to higher cash and securities balances resulting from net customer deposit growth and Global Markets client activity. Net unencumbered liquid assets are primarily held at the parent bank level, at our U.S. bank entity BMO Harris Bank, and in our broker/dealer operations. In addition to liquid assets, BMO has access to the Bank of Canada’s lending assistance programs, the Federal Reserve Bank discount window in the United States and European Central Bank standby liquidity facilities.

In addition to cash and securities holdings, BMO may also pledge other assets, including mortgages and loans, to raise long-term secured funding. BMO’s total encumbered assets and unencumbered liquid assets are summarized in the Asset Encumbrance table on page 39.

Liquid Assets

As at July 31, 2020

As at April 30, 2020

Other cash &

Net

Net

Bank-owned

securities

Total gross

Encumbered

unencumbered

unencumbered

(Canadian $ in millions)

assets

received

assets (1)

assets

assets (2)

assets (2)

Cash and cash equivalents

76,590

76,495

71,524

Deposits with other banks

8,364

7,687

Securities and securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements

Sovereigns/Central banks/Multilateral development banks

118,642

102,630

221,272

115,454

105,818

107,173

NHA mortgage-backed securities and U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations

42,412

9,547

51,959

20,793

31,166

30,587

Corporate & other debt

23,546

18,097

41,643

7,315

34,328

29,840

Corporate equity

43,305

45,866

89,171

52,291

36,880

21,244

Total securities and securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements

227,905

176,140

404,045

195,853

208,192

188,844

NHA mortgage-backed securities (reported as loans at amortized cost) (3)

24,672

3,534

21,138

21,131

Total liquid assets

337,531

176,140

513,671

199,482

314,189

289,186

Other eligible assets at central banks (not included above) (4)

102,783

5,152

97,631

104,140

Total liquid assets and other sources

440,314

176,140

616,454

204,634

411,820

393,326

(1)	Gross assets include bank-owned assets and cash and securities received from third parties.

(2)	Net unencumbered liquid assets are defined as total gross assets less encumbered assets.

(3)

Under IFRS, National Housing Authority (NHA) mortgage-backed securities that include mortgages owned by BMO as the underlying collateral are classified as loans. Unencumbered NHA mortgage-backed securities have liquidity value and are included as liquid assets under BMO’s Liquidity and Funding Management Framework. This amount is shown as a separate line item, NHA mortgage-backed securities.

(4)

Represents loans currently lodged at central banks that could potentially be used to access central bank funding. Loans available for pledging as collateral do not include other sources of additional liquidity that may be realized from the bank’s loan portfolio, including incremental securitization, covered bond issuances and Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 38

Asset Encumbrance


			Encumbered (2)				Net unencumbered
(Canadian $ in millions) As at July 31, 2020	Total gross assets (1)		Pledged as collateral		Other encumbered		Other unencumbered (3)		Available as collateral (4)

Cash and deposits with other banks		84,954		-		95		-		84,859
Securities (5)		428,717		164,691		34,696		13,186		216,144
Loans and acceptances		420,656		65,613		5,152		252,260		97,631
Other assets
Derivative instruments		38,796		-		-		38,796		-
Customers’ liability under acceptances		18,032		-		-		18,032		-
Premises and equipment		3,881		-		-		3,881		-
Goodwill		6,566		-		-		6,566		-
Intangible assets		2,470		-		-		2,470		-
Current tax assets		1,717		-		-		1,717		-
Deferred tax assets		1,456		-		-		1,456		-
Other assets		23,690		7,619		-		16,071		-
Total other assets		96,608		7,619		-		88,989		-
Total assets		1,030,935		237,923		39,943		354,435		398,634

			Encumbered (2)				Net unencumbered
(Canadian $ in millions) As at April 30, 2020	Total gross assets (1)		Pledged as collateral		Other encumbered		Other unencumbered (3)		Available as collateral (4)

Cash and deposits with other banks		79,280		-		69		-		79,211
Securities (5)		425,348		181,637		33,736		12,363		197,612
Loans and acceptances		443,757		75,053		5,319		259,245		104,140
Other assets
Derivative instruments		41,150		-		-		41,150		-
Customers’ liability under acceptances		22,473		-		-		22,473		-
Premises and equipment		3,973		-		-		3,973		-
Goodwill		6,785		-		-		6,785		-
Intangible assets		2,526		-		-		2,526		-
Current tax assets		1,898		-		-		1,898		-
Deferred tax assets		1,391		-		-		1,391		-
Other assets		25,682		10,943		-		14,739		-
Total other assets		105,878		10,943		-		94,935		-
Total assets		1,054,263		267,633		39,124		366,543		380,963

(1)	Gross assets include bank-owned assets and cash and securities received from third parties.

(2)

Pledged as collateral refers to the portion of on-balance sheet assets and other cash and securities that is pledged through repurchase agreements, securities lending, derivative contracts, minimum required deposits at central banks and requirements associated with participation in clearing houses and payment systems. Other encumbered assets include assets that are restricted for legal or other reasons, such as restricted cash and short sales.

(3)

Other unencumbered assets include select liquid asset holdings that management believes are not readily available to support BMO’s liquidity requirements. These include cash and securities of $13.2 billion as at July 31, 2020, which include securities held at BMO’s insurance subsidiary, significant equity investments, and certain investments held in our merchant banking business. Other unencumbered assets also include mortgages and loans that may be securitized to access secured funding.

(4)

Loans included as available as collateral represent loans currently lodged at central banks that could potentially be used to access central bank funding. Loans available for pledging as collateral do not include other sources of additional liquidity that may be realized from the bank’s loan portfolio, such as incremental securitization, covered bond issuances and FHLB advances.

(5)	Includes securities, securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements and NHA mortgage-backed securities (reported as loans at amortized cost).

39 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Liquidity Coverage Ratio

The average daily liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) for the quarter ended July 31, 2020 was 147% unchanged from the prior quarter. The LCR is calculated on a daily basis as the ratio of the stock of High-Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA) to total net stressed cash outflows over the next 30 calendar days. The impact of higher HQLA was offset by an increase in net cash outflows. While banks are required to maintain an LCR greater than 100% in normal conditions, banks are also expected to be able to utilize HQLA in a period of stress, which may result in an LCR of less than 100% during such a period. BMO’s HQLA are primarily comprised of cash, highly-rated debt issued or backed by governments, highly-rated covered bonds and non-financial corporate debt, and non-financial equities that are part of a major stock index. Net cash flows include outflows from deposits, secured and unsecured wholesale funding, commitments and potential collateral requirements, offset by permitted inflows from loans, securities lending activities and other non-HQLA debt maturing over a 30-day horizon. OSFI-prescribed weights are applied to cash flows and HQLA to arrive at the weighted values and the LCR. The LCR does not reflect excess liquidity in BMO Financial Corp. above 100%, because of limitations on the transfer of liquidity between BMO Financial Corp. and the parent bank. The LCR is only one measure of a bank’s liquidity position and does not fully capture all of the bank’s liquid assets or the funding alternatives that may be available during a period of stress. BMO’s total liquid assets are shown in the Liquid Assets table on page 38.

Additional information on Liquidity and Funding Risk governance can be found on page 91 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report. Please also see the Impact of COVID-19 and Risk Management sections.

BMO’s LCR is summarized in the following table.


	For the quarter ended July 31, 2020
(Canadian $ in billions, except as noted)	Total unweighted value (average) (1)(2)		Total weighted value (average) (2)(3)

High-Quality Liquid Assets
Total high-quality liquid assets (HQLA)		*		206.5

Cash Outflows
Retail deposits and deposits from small business customers, of which:		220.0		15.5
Stable deposits		106.1		3.2
Less stable deposits		113.9		12.3
Unsecured wholesale funding, of which:		216.8		106.7
Operational deposits (all counterparties) and deposits in networks of cooperative banks		102.4		25.6
Non-operational deposits (all counterparties)		88.4		55.1
Unsecured debt		26.0		26.0
Secured wholesale funding		*		24.2
Additional requirements, of which:		169.2		34.1
Outflows related to derivatives exposures and other collateral requirements		18.6		4.5
Outflows related to loss of funding on debt products		3.1		3.1
Credit and liquidity facilities		147.5		26.5
Other contractual funding obligations		0.8		-
Other contingent funding obligations		430.6		8.2
Total cash outflows		*		188.7

Cash Inflows
Secured lending (e.g. reverse repos)		154.5		34.7
Inflows from fully performing exposures		9.9		5.4
Other cash inflows		6.9		6.9
Total cash inflows		171.3		47.0

			Total adjusted value (4)
Total HQLA				206.5
Total net cash outflows				141.7
Liquidity Coverage Ratio (%) (2)				147

For the quarter ended April 30, 2020			Total adjusted value (4)
Total HQLA				187.5
Total net cash outflows				127.9
Liquidity Coverage Ratio (%)				147

*	Disclosure is not required under the LCR disclosure standard.

(1)	Unweighted values are calculated at market value (for HQLA) or as outstanding balances maturing or callable within 30 days (for inflows and outflows).

(2)	Values are calculated based on the simple average of the daily LCR over 64 business days in the third quarter of 2020.

(3)	Weighted values are calculated after the application of the weights prescribed under the OSFI Liquidity Adequacy Requirements (LAR) Guideline for HQLA and cash inflows and outflows.

(4)	Adjusted values are calculated based on total weighted values after applicable caps as defined by the LAR Guideline.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 40

Funding Strategy

Our funding philosophy requires that secured and unsecured wholesale funding used to support loans and less liquid assets must have a term (typically maturing in two to ten years) that will support the effective term to maturity of these assets. Secured and unsecured wholesale funding for liquid trading assets is largely shorter term (maturing in one year or less), is aligned with the liquidity of the assets being funded, and is subject to limits on aggregate maturities that are permitted across different periods. Supplemental liquidity pools are funded largely with wholesale term funding.

BMO maintains a large and stable base of customer deposits that, in combination with our strong capital base, is a source of strength. It supports the maintenance of a sound liquidity position and reduces our reliance on wholesale funding. Customer deposits totalled $461.5 billion at July 31, 2020, increasing from $449.1 billion as at April 30, 2020. Both commercial and retail deposits grew significantly, as customers preserved liquidity to meet potential funding needs in the current environment. BMO also receives non-marketable deposits from corporate and institutional customers in support of certain trading activities. These deposits totalled $31.9 billion as at July 31, 2020, an increase from $24.0 billion as at April 30, 2020.

Total wholesale funding outstanding, which largely consists of negotiable marketable securities, was $189.8 billion as at July 31, 2020, with $58.2 billion sourced as secured funding and $131.6 billion as unsecured funding. Wholesale funding outstanding decreased from $206.1 billion as at April 30, 2020, primarily due to net wholesale funding maturities. The mix and maturities of BMO’s wholesale term funding are outlined in the table below. Additional information on deposit maturities can be found on page 43. BMO maintains a sizeable portfolio of unencumbered liquid assets, totaling $314.2 billion as at July 31, 2020, that can be monetized to meet potential funding requirements, as described on page 38.

In April 2018, the Government of Canada published the final regulations on Canada’s Bank Recapitalization (Bail-In) Regime, which became effective on September 23, 2018. Bail-in debt includes senior unsecured debt issued directly by the bank on or after September 23, 2018, that has an original term greater than 400 days and is marketable, subject to certain exceptions. BMO is required to meet minimum Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (TLAC) ratio requirements by November 1, 2021. The bank continues to be well-positioned to meet TLAC requirements when they come into force. For more information on Canada’s Bail-In Regime and TLAC requirements, please see Regulatory Developments under Capital Management on page 15.

Diversification of our wholesale funding sources is an important part of our overall liquidity management strategy. BMO’s wholesale funding activities are well-diversified by jurisdiction, currency, investor segment, instrument and maturity profile. BMO maintains ready access to long-term wholesale funding through various borrowing programs, including a European Note Issuance Program, Canadian, Australian and U.S. Medium-Term Note programs, Canadian and U.S. mortgage securitizations, Canadian credit card loans, auto loans and home equity line of credit (HELOC) securitizations, U.S. transportation finance (TF) loans, covered bonds, and Canadian and U.S. senior unsecured deposits.

BMO’s wholesale funding plan seeks to ensure sufficient funding capacity is available to execute our business strategies. The funding plan considers expected maturities, as well as asset and liability growth projected for our businesses in our forecasting and planning processes, and assesses funding needs in relation to the sources available. The funding plan is reviewed annually by the Balance Sheet and Capital Management Committee and Risk Management Committee and approved by the Risk Review Committee, and is regularly updated to reflect actual results and incorporate updated forecast information.

Wholesale Funding Maturities (1)

As at July 31, 2020

As at April 30, 2020

(Canadian $ in millions)

Less than

1 month

1 to 3

months

3 to 6

months

6 to 12

months

Subtotal less

than 1 year

1 to 2

years

Over

2 years

Total

Total

Deposits from banks

5,742

402

295

6,444

6,453

3,381

Certificates of deposit and commercial paper

13,387

21,034

10,111

7,378

51,910

56,262

Bearer deposit notes

765

288

1,075

666

Asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP)

796

1,133

1,604

3,533

3,750

Senior unsecured medium-term notes

2,091

695

6,438

9,224

19,109

31,337

59,670

69,038

Senior unsecured structured notes (2)

3,699

3,737

3,938

Covered bonds and securitizations

Mortgage and HELOC securitizations

863

717

2,297

3,877

2,554

14,318

20,749

19,906

Covered bonds

2,367

4,375

6,742

4,685

15,887

27,314

28,363

Other asset-backed securitizations (3)

111

2,712

3,818

6,641

7,867

Subordinated debt

8,709

7,526

Other (4)

5,423

Total

23,068

25,816

13,250

20,798

82,932

29,082

77,777

189,791

206,120

Of which:

Secured

3,163

1,996

2,417

6,687

14,263

9,951

34,023

58,237

65,309

Unsecured

19,905

23,820

10,833

14,111

68,669

19,131

43,754

131,554

140,811

Total (5)

23,068

25,816

13,250

20,798

82,932

29,082

77,777

189,791

206,120

(1)

Wholesale unsecured funding primarily includes funding raised through the issuance of marketable, negotiable instruments. Wholesale funding excludes deposits and covered bonds issued to access central bank programs, repo transactions and bankers’ acceptances, which are disclosed in the contractual maturity table on page 43, and also excludes ABCP issued by certain ABCP conduits that are not consolidated for financial reporting purposes.

(2)	Primarily issued to institutional investors.

(3)	Includes credit card, auto and transportation finance loan securitizations.

(4)	Refers to FHLB advances.

(5)	Total wholesale funding consists of Canadian-dollar-denominated funding totalling $54.8 billion and U.S.-dollar-denominated and other foreign-currency-denominated funding totalling $135.0 billion as at July 31, 2020.

41 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Regulatory Developments

The Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) is a regulatory liquidity metric that assesses the stability of a bank’s funding profile in relation to the liquidity value of a bank’s assets. OSFI finalized the domestic implementation of the NSFR in the second quarter of 2019. Canadian domestic systemically important banks (D-SIBs), including BMO, are required to maintain a minimum NSFR of 100%, effective January 1, 2020, and to publicly disclose their NSFR, effective for the quarter ending January 31, 2021. BMO’s NSFR exceeds the regulatory minimum as at July 31, 2020.

Credit Ratings

The credit ratings assigned to BMO’s short-term and senior long-term debt securities by external rating agencies are important in the raising of both capital and funding to support our business operations. Maintaining strong credit ratings allows us to access capital markets at competitive pricing levels. Should our credit ratings experience a downgrade, our cost of funding would likely increase and our access to funding and capital through capital markets could be reduced. A material downgrade of our ratings could also have other consequences, including those set out in Note 8 starting on page 162 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report.

The credit ratings assigned to BMO’s senior debt by rating agencies are indicative of high-grade, high-quality issues. Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s (S&P) and DBRS have a stable outlook on BMO, while Fitch has a negative outlook.

As at July 31, 2020

Rating agency

Short-term debt

Senior debt (1)

Long-term

deposits/

Legacy senior

debt (2)

Subordinated

debt (NVCC)

Outlook

Moody’s

P-1

Aa2

Baa1

Stable

S&P

A-1

A-

A+

BBB+

Stable

Fitch

F1+

AA-

Negative

DBRS

R-1 (high)

AA (low)

A (low)

Stable

(1)	Subject to conversion under the Bank Recapitalization (Bail-In) Regime.

(2)	Long-term deposits/Legacy senior debt includes senior debt issued prior to September 23, 2018, and senior debt issued on or after September 23, 2018, that is excluded from the Bank Recapitalization (Bail-In) Regime.

We are required to deliver collateral to certain counterparties in the event of a downgrade to our current credit rating. The incremental collateral required is based on mark-to-market exposure, collateral valuations, and collateral threshold arrangements, as applicable. As at July 31, 2020, we would be required to provide additional collateral to counterparties totalling $216 million, $532 million and $877 million under a one-notch, two-notch and three-notch downgrade, respectively.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 42

Contractual Maturities of Assets and Liabilities and Off-Balance Sheet Commitments

The tables below show the remaining contractual maturity of on-balance sheet assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet commitments. The contractual maturity of financial assets and liabilities is an input to, but is not necessarily consistent with, the expected maturity of assets and liabilities that is used in the management of liquidity and funding risk. We forecast asset and liability cash flows, both under normal market conditions and under a number of stress scenarios, to manage liquidity and funding risk. Stress scenarios include assumptions for loan repayments, deposit withdrawals, and credit commitment and liquidity facility drawdowns by counterparty and product type. Stress scenarios also consider the time horizon over which liquid assets can be monetized and the related haircuts and potential collateral requirements that may result from both market volatility and credit rating downgrades, among other assumptions.

(Canadian $ in millions)

July 31, 2020

0 to 1

month

1 to 3

months

3 to 6

months

6 to 9

months

9 to 12

months

1 to 2

years

2 to 5

years

Over 5

years

maturity

Total

On-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments

Assets

Cash and Cash Equivalents

75,560

1,030

76,590

Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks

3,594

1,637

1,388

602

1,143

8,364

Securities

4,582

5,668

7,569

8,692

6,355

19,973

50,266

81,496

43,304

227,905

Securities Borrowed or Purchased under Resale Agreements

85,294

24,189

5,059

3,091

772

308

118,713

Loans

Residential mortgages

2,609

3,624

4,660

4,654

6,152

19,583

76,410

7,789

125,481

Consumer instalment and other personal

751

983

1,197

1,279

1,361

5,020

23,977

12,100

22,500

69,168

Credit cards

7,947

Business and government

19,252

5,501

5,888

6,718

7,372

23,938

82,288

45,155

49,871

245,983

Allowance for credit losses

(3,251

)

(3,251

)

Total Loans, net of allowance

22,612

10,108

11,745

12,651

14,885

48,541

182,675

65,044

77,067

445,328

Other Assets

Derivative instruments

2,498

2,602

3,306

1,913

1,085

4,198

10,748

12,446

38,796

Customers’ liability under acceptances

13,533

4,343

141

18,032

Other

1,668

371

334

4,566

32,772

39,780

Total Other Assets

17,699

7,316

3,781

1,954

1,106

4,216

10,752

17,012

32,772

96,608

Total Assets

209,341

48,918

29,542

26,990

24,261

73,038

243,693

163,552

154,173

973,508

(Canadian $ in millions)

July 31, 2020

0 to 1

month

1 to 3

months

3 to 6

months

6 to 9

months

9 to 12

months

1 to 2

years

2 to 5

years

Over 5

years

maturity

Total

Liabilities and Equity

Deposits (1)

Banks

14,863

6,628

1,804

11,910

326

6,258

41,899

Business and government

32,377

32,224

16,814

19,865

8,528

25,846

48,273

11,509

202,269

397,705

Individuals

5,039

13,756

15,278

13,152

10,183

7,747

13,319

2,059

140,463

220,996

Total Deposits

52,279

52,608

33,896

44,927

19,037

33,600

61,619

13,644

348,990

660,600

Other Liabilities

Derivative instruments

3,391

3,124

4,217

1,845

1,438

4,796

10,504

10,544

39,859

Acceptances

13,533

4,343

141

18,032

Securities sold but not yet purchased

30,579

Securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements

82,704

8,345

1,193

6,764

391

457

99,854

Securitization and structured entities’ liabilities

1,005

1,526

312

2,980

5,418

13,309

2,893

27,461

Other

9,021

308

513

109

150

722

1,301

3,502

18,397

34,023

Total Other Liabilities

139,246

17,125

7,590

9,045

4,959

11,393

25,114

16,939

18,397

249,808

Subordinated Debt

8,513

Total Equity

54,587

Total Liabilities and Equity

191,525

69,733

41,486

53,972

23,996

44,993

86,733

39,096

421,974

973,508

(1)Deposits payable on demand and payable after notice have been included under no maturity.

(Canadian $ in millions)

July 31, 2020

0 to 1

month

1 to 3

months

3 to 6

months

6 to 9

months

9 to 12

months

1 to 2

years

2 to 5

years

Over 5

years

maturity

Total

Off-Balance Sheet Commitments

Commitments to extend credit (1)

1,026

5,510

6,430

9,733

16,787

22,674

101,544

6,796

170,500

Backstop liquidity facilities

5,277

Leases

192

916

1,194

Securities lending

4,552

Purchase obligations

131

186

630

(1)	A large majority of these commitments expire without being drawn upon. As a result, the total contractual amounts may not be representative of the funding likely to be required for these commitments.

43 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020


(Canadian $ in millions)																	October 31, 2019
	0 to 1 month		1 to 3 months		3 to 6 months		6 to 9 months		9 to 12 months		1 to 2 years		2 to 5 years		Over 5 years		No maturity			Total

On-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments
Assets
Cash and Cash Equivalents		47,844		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		959			48,803
Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks		4,088		1,893		1,081		714		211		-		-		-		-			7,987
Securities		2,680		3,420		2,797		3,508		4,670		15,001		46,687		66,005		44,670			189,438
Securities Borrowed or Purchased under Resale Agreements		74,972		22,091		5,254		859		518		-		310		-		-			104,004
Loans
Residential mortgages		1,691		2,059		5,285		6,818		7,138		22,309		68,143		10,297		-			123,740
Consumer instalment and other personal		645		519		991		1,272		1,502		4,823		22,391		11,947		23,646			67,736
Credit cards		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		8,859			8,859
Business and government		12,490		7,072		6,168		7,760		6,547		24,687		87,486		20,331		55,068			227,609
Allowance for credit losses		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		(1,850	)		(1,850	)
Total Loans, net of allowance		14,826		9,650		12,444		15,850		15,187		51,819		178,020		42,575		85,723			426,094
Other Assets
Derivative instruments		1,209		1,867		877		830		911		2,375		5,095		8,980		-			22,144
Customers’ liability under acceptances		20,694		2,562		173		159		5		-		-		-		-			23,593
Other		1,951		593		245		12		5		7		5		4,475		22,839			30,132
Total Other Assets		23,854		5,022		1,295		1,001		921		2,382		5,100		13,455		22,839			75,869
Total Assets		168,264		42,076		22,871		21,932		21,507		69,202		230,117		122,035		154,191			852,195

(Canadian $ in millions)																	October 31, 2019
	0 to 1 month		1 to 3 months		3 to 6 months		6 to 9 months		9 to 12 months		1 to 2 years		2 to 5 years		Over 5 years		No maturity			Total

Liabilities and Equity
Deposits (1)
Banks		12,177		4,187		1,215		319		1,174		-		-		201		4,543			23,816
Business and government		21,088		28,511		21,209		22,334		18,023		22,983		49,292		11,759		147,958			343,157
Individuals		3,607		8,932		12,080		13,390		15,706		11,418		13,257		2,031		120,749			201,170
Total Deposits		36,872		41,630		34,504		36,043		34,903		34,401		62,549		13,991		273,250			568,143
Other Liabilities
Derivative instruments		1,329		2,574		1,240		970		1,032		2,985		6,798		6,670		-			23,598
Acceptances		20,694		2,562		173		159		5		-		-		-		-			23,593
Securities sold but not yet purchased		26,253		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			26,253
Securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements		74,501		7,697		760		1,107		-		2,285		306		-		-			86,656
Securitization and structured entities’ liabilities		1		1,655		1,340		1,033		1,038		5,350		13,779		2,963		-			27,159
Other		12,325		3,188		33		29		74		537		3,596		2,406		16,534			38,722
Total Other Liabilities		135,103		17,676		3,546		3,298		2,149		11,157		24,479		12,039		16,534			225,981
Subordinated Debt		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		6,995		-			6,995
Total Equity		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		51,076			51,076
Total Liabilities and Equity		171,975		59,306		38,050		39,341		37,052		45,558		87,028		33,025		340,860			852,195
(1) Deposits payable on demand and payable after notice have been included under no maturity. Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform with the current period’s presentation.
(Canadian $ in millions)																	October 31, 2019
	0 to 1 month		1 to 3 months		3 to 6 months		6 to 9 months		9 to 12 months		1 to 2 years		2 to 5 years		Over 5 years		No maturity			Total
Off-Balance Sheet Commitments
Commitments to extend credit (1)		1,868		3,777		5,698		8,832		12,511		21,574		102,113		5,643		-			162,016
Backstop liquidity facilities		-		-		-		-		-		-		5,550		-		-			5,550
Leases		32		66		98		97		96		361		931		2,119		-			3,800
Securities lending		4,102		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-			4,102
Purchase obligations		53		98		138		133		137		111		187		69		-			926

(1)	A large majority of these commitments expire without being drawn upon. As a result, the total contractual amounts may not be representative of the funding likely to be required for these commitments.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 44

European Exposures

BMO’s European exposures were disclosed and discussed on pages 83 and 84 of BMO’s 2019 Annual Report. Our exposure to European countries, as at July 31, 2020, is set out in the tables that follow. Our net portfolio exposures are summarized in the below tables for funded lending, securities (inclusive of credit default swaps (CDS) activity), repo-style transactions and derivatives.

European Exposure by Country and Counterparty (1)


(Canadian $ in millions)
As at July 31, 2020	Funded lending (2)		Securities (3)(4)								Repo-style transactions and derivatives (5)(6)								Total Net
Country	Total		Bank		Corporate		Sovereign		Total		Bank		Corporate		Sovereign		Total		Exposure

GIIPS
Greece		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Ireland (7)		466		-		-		-		-		2		597		-		599		1,065
Italy		14		-		-		-		-		1		-		-		1		15
Portugal		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Spain		170		53		2		-		55		1		-		2		3		228
Total – GIIPS		650		53		2		-		55		4		597		2		603		1,308

Eurozone (excluding GIIPS)
France		246		41		-		77		118		24		30		8		62		426
Germany		389		596		54		366		1,016		111		5		4		120		1,525
Luxembourg		333		-		-		-		-		8		79		-		87		420
Netherlands		338		494		-		-		494		23		225		-		248		1,080
Other (8)		12		-		2		227		229		2		-		1		3		244
Total – Eurozone (excluding GIIPS)		1,318		1,131		56		670		1,857		168		339		13		520		3,695

Rest of Europe
Denmark		14		172		-		138		310		3		-		-		3		327
Norway		703		60		1		-		61		-		10		4		14		778
Sweden		16		328		-		297		625		5		-		-		5		646
Switzerland		174		-		-		-		-		36		147		-		183		357
United Kingdom		1,871		1		674		8,690		9,365		489		352		117		958		12,194
Other (8)		54		-		-		-		-		-		1		-		1		55
Total – Rest of Europe		2,832		561		675		9,125		10,361		533		510		121		1,164		14,357
Total – All of Europe (9)		4,800		1,745		733		9,795		12,273		705		1,446		136		2,287		19,360

As at April 30, 2020	Funded lending (2)		Securities (3)								Repo-style transactions and derivatives (5)(6)								Total Net
Country	Total		Bank		Corporate		Sovereign		Total		Bank		Corporate		Sovereign		Total		Exposure
Total – GIIPS		560		61		-		-		61		4		195		11		210		831
Total – Eurozone (excluding GIIPS)		1,493		1,096		50		825		1,971		378		198		38		614		4,078
Total – Rest of Europe		3,267		705		646		9,014		10,365		470		275		807		1,552		15,184
Total – All of Europe (9)		5,320		1,862		696		9,839		12,397		852		668		856		2,376		20,093

Refer to footnotes in the following table.

European Lending Exposure by Country and Counterparty (1)


	Lending (2)
(Canadian $ in millions)	Funded lending as at July 31, 2020				As at July 31, 2020			April 30, 2020
Country	Bank	Corporate	Sovereign		Commitments	Funded		Commitments	Funded

GIIPS
Greece	-	-		-	-		-	-		-
Ireland (7)	2	464		-	599		466	364		351
Italy	14	-		-	14		14	15		15
Portugal	-	-		-	-		-	-		-
Spain	151	19		-	244		170	249		194
Total – GIIPS	167	483		-	857		650	628		560

Eurozone (excluding GIIPS)
France	187	59		-	393		246	376		235
Germany	235	154		-	608		389	634		428
Luxembourg	94	127		112	572		333	610		416
Netherlands	55	283		-	395		338	447		402
Other (8)	12	-		-	12		12	12		12
Total – Eurozone (excluding GIIPS)	583	623		112	1,980		1,318	2,079		1,493

Rest of Europe
Denmark	-	14		-	14		14	14		14
Norway	30	673		-	1,161		703	1,218		656
Sweden	8	8		-	112		16	90		42
Switzerland	12	163		-	250		175	242		167
United Kingdom	8	1,862		-	3,531		1,870	3,525		2,332
Other (8)	-	54		-	87		54	91		56
Total – Rest of Europe	58	2,774		-	5,155		2,832	5,180		3,267
Total – All of Europe (9)	808	3,880		112	7,992		4,800	7,887		5,320

(1)	BMO has the following indirect exposures to Europe as at July 31, 2020: Collateral of €1.0 billion to support trading activity in securities (€144 million from GIIPS) and €21 million of cash collateral paid; and, guarantees of $13.9 billion ($228 million to GIIPS).

(2)	Funded lending includes loans.

(3)	Securities include cash products, insurance investments and traded credit.

(4)

BMO’s total net notional CDS exposure (embedded as part of the securities exposure in this table) to Europe was $178 million, with no net single-name* CDS exposure to GIIPS countries as at July 31, 2020 (*includes a net position of $139 million (bought protection) on a CDS Index, of which 13% is comprised of GIIPS domiciled entities).

(5)	Repo-style transactions are primarily with bank counterparties for which BMO holds collateral ($37 billion for Europe as at July 31, 2020).

(6)	Derivatives amounts are marked-to-market, incorporating transaction netting where master netting agreements with counterparties have been entered into, and collateral offsets for counterparties where a Credit Support Annex is in effect.

(7)	Does not include Irish subsidiary reserves we are required to maintain with the Irish Central Bank of $83 million as at July 31, 2020.

(8)	Other Eurozone exposure includes 4 countries with less than $300 million net exposure. Other European exposure is distributed across 2 countries.

(9)	Of our total net direct exposure to Europe, approximately 93% was to counterparties in countries with a rating of Aa2/AA from at least one of Moody’s or S&P.

Caution

This Risk Management section contains forward-looking statements. Please refer to the Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.

45 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

INVESTOR AND MEDIA PRESENTATION

Investor Presentation Materials

Interested parties are invited to visit our website at www.bmo.com/investorrelations to review our 2019 annual MD&A and audited annual consolidated financial statements, quarterly presentation materials and supplementary financial information package.

Quarterly Conference Call and Webcast Presentations

Interested parties are also invited to listen to our quarterly conference call on Tuesday, August 25, 2020, at 7.15 a.m. (ET). The call may be accessed by telephone at 416-340-2217 (from within Toronto) or 1-800-806-5484 (toll-free outside Toronto), entering Passcode: 6163481#. A replay of the conference call can be accessed until Wednesday, September 23, 2020, by calling 905-694-9451 (from within Toronto) or 1-800-408-3053 (toll-free outside Toronto) and entering Passcode: 8932373#.

A live webcast of the call can be accessed on our website at www.bmo.com/investorrelations. A replay can also be accessed on the website.

Media Relations Contacts

Paul Gammal, Toronto, paul.gammal@bmo.com, 416-867-6543

Investor Relations Contacts

Jill Homenuk, Head, Investor, Media & Government Relations, jill.homenuk@bmo.com, 416-867-4770

Bill Anderson, Director, Investor Relations, bill2.anderson@bmo.com, 416-867-7834

Shareholder Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase

Plan (the Plan)

Average market price as defined under the Plan

May 2020: $65.23

June 2020: $73.17

July 2020: $74.47

For dividend information, change in shareholder address

or to advise of duplicate mailings, please contact

Computershare Trust Company of Canada

100 University Avenue, 8^th Floor

Toronto, Ontario M5J 2Y1

Telephone: 1-800-340-5021 (Canada and the United States)

Telephone: (514) 982-7800 (international)

Fax: 1-888-453-0330 (Canada and the United States)

Fax: (416) 263-9394 (international)

E-mail: service@computershare.com

For other shareholder information, please contact

Bank of Montreal

Shareholder Services

Corporate Secretary’s Department

One First Canadian Place, 21^st Floor

Toronto, Ontario M5X 1A1

Telephone: (416) 867-6785

Fax: (416) 867-6793

E-mail: corp.secretary@bmo.com

For further information on this document, please contact

Bank of Montreal

Investor Relations Department

P.O. Box 1, One First Canadian Place, 10^th Floor

Toronto, Ontario M5X 1A1

To review financial results and regulatory filings and disclosures online, please visit our website at www.bmo.com/investorrelations.

Our 2019 Annual MD&A, audited annual consolidated financial statements, annual information form and annual report on Form 40-F (filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission) are available online at www.bmo.com/investorrelations and at www.sedar.com. Printed copies of the bank’s complete 2019 audited financial statements are available free of charge upon request at 416-867-6785 or corp.secretary@bmo.com.

Annual Meeting 2021

The next Annual Meeting of Shareholders will be held on Wednesday, April 7, 2021, in Toronto, Ontario.

® Registered trademark of Bank of Montreal

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 71

Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

Consolidated Statement of Income


(Unaudited) (Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)	For the three months ended							For the nine months ended
	July 31, 2020		April 30, 2020			July 31, 2019		July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019
Interest, Dividend and Fee Income
Loans	$	4,204	$	4,689		$	5,120	$	13,856		$	14,752
Securities (Note 2)		1,249		1,363			1,407		3,971			4,126
Deposits with banks		49		101			187		343			592
		5,502		6,153			6,714		18,170			19,470
Interest Expense
Deposits		1,292		1,738			2,224		5,157			6,413
Subordinated debt		65		66			69		201			208
Other liabilities (Note 1)		610		831			1,204		2,371			3,325
		1,967		2,635			3,497		7,729			9,946
Net Interest Income		3,535		3,518			3,217		10,441			9,524
Non-Interest Revenue
Securities commissions and fees		260		277			259		789			761
Deposit and payment service charges		299		313			309		916			890
Trading revenues (losses)		68		(217	)		115		(8	)		319
Lending fees		309		322			314		956			879
Card fees		85		80			109		264			330
Investment management and custodial fees		455		430			444		1,341			1,298
Mutual fund revenues		348		348			357		1,062			1,060
Underwriting and advisory fees		287		239			260		811			754
Securities gains (losses), other than trading		31		(11	)		90		84			181
Foreign exchange gains, other than trading		21		21			48		89			137
Insurance revenues (losses)		1,321		(166	)		989		2,035			2,748
Investments in associates and joint ventures		52		34			31		112			112
Other		118		76			124		308			403
		3,654		1,746			3,449		8,759			9,872
Total Revenue		7,189		5,264			6,666		19,200			19,396
Provision for Credit Losses (Note 3)		1,054		1,118			306		2,521			619
Insurance Claims, Commissions and Changes in Policy Benefit Liabilities		1,189		(197	)		887		1,708			2,374
Non-Interest Expense
Employee compensation		1,964		1,902			1,960		5,994			6,042
Premises and equipment (Note 1)		785		806			734		2,348			2,229
Amortization of intangible assets		154		156			135		461			406
Travel and business development		57		118			142		296			411
Communications		71		83			72		233			224
Professional fees		135		128			141		396			403
Other		278		323			307		901			928
		3,444		3,516			3,491		10,629			10,643
Income Before Provision for Income Taxes		1,502		827			1,982		4,342			5,760
Provision for income taxes (Note 11)		270		138			425		829			1,196
Net Income attributable to Equity Holders of the Bank	$	1,232	$	689		$	1,557	$	3,513		$	4,564
Earnings Per Share (Canadian $) (Note 10)
Basic	$	1.81	$	1.00		$	2.34	$	5.18		$	6.90
Diluted		1.81		1.00			2.34		5.18			6.88
Dividends per common share		1.06		1.06			1.03		3.18			3.03

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim consolidated financial statements.

Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform with the current period’s presentation.

46 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income


(Unaudited) (Canadian $ in millions)	For the three months ended									For the nine months ended
	July 31, 2020			April 30, 2020			July 31, 2019			July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019
Net Income	$	1,232		$	689		$	1,557		$	3,513		$	4,564
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of taxes
Items that may subsequently be reclassified to net income
Net change in unrealized gains on fair value through OCI debt securities
Unrealized gains on fair value through OCI debt securities arising during the period (1)		141			170			112			421			345
Reclassification to earnings of (gains) in the period (2)		(18	)		(36	)		(14	)		(74	)		(43	)
		123			134			98			347			302
Net change in unrealized gains on cash flow hedges
Gains on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges arising during the period (3)		83			1,380			290			1,673			1,480
Reclassification to earnings of (gains) losses on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges in the period (4)		(37	)		21			36			8			122
		46			1,401			326			1,681			1,602
Net gains (losses) on translation of net foreign operations
Unrealized gains (losses) on translation of net foreign operations		(1,180	)		1,487			(577	)		516			(46	)
Unrealized gains (losses) on hedges of net foreign operations (5)		206			(304	)		94			(145	)		4
		(974	)		1,183			(483	)		371			(42	)
Items that will not be reclassified to net income
Gains (losses) on remeasurement of pension and other employee future benefit plans (6)		(189	)		73			(233	)		(244	)		(383	)
Gains (losses) on remeasurement of own credit risk on financial liabilities designated at fair value (7)		(330	)		351			31			(49	)		12
		(519	)		424			(202	)		(293	)		(371	)
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of taxes		(1,324	)		3,142			(261	)		2,106			1,491
Total Comprehensive Income (Loss) attributable to Equity Holders of the Bank	$	(92	)	$	3,831		$	1,296		$	5,619		$	6,055

(1)	Net of income tax (provision) of $(47) million, $(62) million, $(39) million for the three months ended, and $(147) million, $(117) million for the nine months ended, respectively.

(2)	Net of income tax provision of $6 million, $10 million, $5 million for the three months ended, and $23 million, $15 million for the nine months ended, respectively.

(3)	Net of income tax (provision) of $(27) million, $(497) million, $(106) million for the three months ended, and $(600) million, $(536) million for the nine months ended, respectively.

(4)	Net of income tax provision (recovery) of $13 million, $(7) million, $(13) million for the three months ended, and $(3) million, $(44) million for the nine months ended, respectively.

(5)	Net of income tax (provision) recovery of $(74) million, $110 million, $(35) million for the three months ended, and $53 million, $(2) million for the nine months ended, respectively.

(6)	Net of income tax (provision) recovery of $65 million, $(26) million, $83 million for the three months ended, and $85 million, $138 million for the nine months ended, respectively.

(7)	Net of income tax (provision) recovery of $120 million, $(127) million, $(11) million for the three months ended, and $18 million, $(4) million for the nine months ended, respectively.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim consolidated financial statements.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 47

Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

Consolidated Balance Sheet


(Unaudited) (Canadian $ in millions)				As at
	July 31, 2020			April 30, 2020			October 31, 2019
Assets
Cash and Cash Equivalents	$	76,590		$	71,593		$	48,803
Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks		8,364			7,687			7,987
Securities (Note 2)
Trading		89,207			83,362			85,903
Fair value through profit or loss		14,053			13,572			13,704
Fair value through other comprehensive income		78,493			74,476			64,515
Debt securities at amortized cost		45,229			41,592			24,472
Investments in associates and joint ventures		923			906			844
		227,905			213,908			189,438
Securities Borrowed or Purchased Under Resale Agreements		118,713			119,058			104,004
Loans
Residential mortgages		125,481			125,534			123,740
Consumer instalment and other personal		69,168			69,818			67,736
Credit cards		7,947			7,672			8,859
Business and government		245,983			268,695			227,609
		448,579			471,719			427,944
Allowance for credit losses (Note 3)		(3,251	)		(2,776	)		(1,850	)
		445,328			468,943			426,094
Other Assets
Derivative instruments		38,796			41,150			22,144
Customers’ liability under acceptances		18,032			22,473			23,593
Premises and equipment (Note 1)		3,881			3,973			2,055
Goodwill		6,566			6,785			6,340
Intangible assets		2,470			2,526			2,424
Current tax assets		1,717			1,898			1,165
Deferred tax assets		1,456			1,391			1,568
Other		23,690			25,682			16,580
		96,608			105,878			75,869
Total Assets	$	973,508		$	987,067		$	852,195
Liabilities and Equity
Deposits (Note 5)	$	660,600		$	653,710		$	568,143
Other Liabilities
Derivative instruments		39,859			45,909			23,598
Acceptances		18,032			22,473			23,593
Securities sold but not yet purchased		30,579			30,212			26,253
Securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements		99,854			105,943			86,656
Securitization and structured entities’ liabilities		27,461			27,888			27,159
Current tax liabilities		56			88			55
Deferred tax liabilities		82			65			60
Other (Note 1)		33,885			38,201			38,607
		249,808			270,779			225,981
Subordinated Debt (Note 5)		8,513			7,344			6,995
Equity
Preferred shares and other equity instruments (Note 6)		5,348			5,348			5,348
Common shares (Note 6)		13,200			13,000			12,971
Contributed surplus		302			301			303
Retained earnings (Note 1)		29,902			29,426			28,725
Accumulated other comprehensive income		5,835			7,159			3,729
Total Equity		54,587			55,234			51,076
Total Liabilities and Equity	$	973,508		$	987,067		$	852,195

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim consolidated financial statements.

48 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity


(Unaudited) (Canadian $ in millions)	For the three months ended						For the nine months ended
	July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019			July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019
Preferred Shares and Other Equity Instruments (Note 6)
Balance at beginning of period	$	5,348		$	4,690		$	5,348		$	4,340
Issued during the period		-			658			-			1,008
Balance at End of Period		5,348			5,348			5,348			5,348
Common Shares (Note 6)
Balance at beginning of period		13,000			12,939			12,971			12,929
Issued under the Shareholder Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan		214			-			214			-
Issued under the Stock Option Plan		1			19			30			49
Repurchased for cancellation or for treasury shares		(15	)		-			(15	)		(20	)
Balance at End of Period		13,200			12,958			13,200			12,958
Contributed Surplus
Balance at beginning of period		301			307			303			300
Stock option expense, net of options exercised		1			(3	)		(1	)		1
Other		-			(1	)		-			2
Balance at End of Period		302			303			302			303
Retained Earnings
Balance at beginning of period		29,426			27,405			28,725			25,850
Impact from adopting IFRS 16 (Note 1)		-			na			(59	)		na
Net income attributable to equity holders of the bank		1,232			1,557			3,513			4,564
Dividends on preferred shares and distributions payable on other equity instruments		(73	)		(59	)		(195	)		(159	)
Dividends on common shares		(682	)		(658	)		(2,038	)		(1,936	)
Share issue expense		-			(4	)		-			(8	)
Common shares repurchased for cancellation (Note 6)		-			-			-			(70	)
Net discount on sale of treasury shares		(1	)		-			(44	)		-
Balance at End of Period		29,902			28,241			29,902			28,241
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) on Fair Value through OCI Securities, net of taxes
Balance at beginning of period		250			(111	)		26			(315	)
Unrealized gains on fair value through OCI debt securities arising during the period		141			112			421			345
Reclassification to earnings of (gains) on fair value through OCI debt securities during the period		(18	)		(14	)		(74	)		(43	)
Balance at End of Period		373			(13	)		373			(13	)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Cash Flow Hedges, net of taxes
Balance at beginning of period		2,148			202			513			(1,074	)
Gains on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges arising during the period		83			290			1,673			1,480
Reclassification to earnings of (gains) losses on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges in the period		(37	)		36			8			122
Balance at End of Period		2,194			528			2,194			528
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income on Translation of Net Foreign Operations, net of taxes
Balance at beginning of period		5,048			4,168			3,703			3,727
Unrealized gains (losses) on translation of net foreign operations		(1,180	)		(577	)		516			(46	)
Unrealized gains (losses) on hedges of net foreign operations		206			94			(145	)		4
Balance at End of Period		4,074			3,685			4,074			3,685
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) on Pension and Other Employee Future Benefit Plans, net of taxes
Balance at beginning of period		(438	)		19			(383	)		169
(Losses) on remeasurement of pension and other employee future benefit plans		(189	)		(233	)		(244	)		(383	)
Balance at End of Period		(627	)		(214	)		(627	)		(214	)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) on Own Credit Risk on Financial Liabilities Designated at Fair Value, net of taxes
Balance at beginning of period		151			(224	)		(130	)		(205	)
Gains (losses) on remeasurement of own credit risk on financial liabilities designated at fair value		(330	)		31			(49	)		12
Balance at End of Period		(179	)		(193	)		(179	)		(193	)
Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		5,835			3,793			5,835			3,793
Total Equity	$	54,587		$	50,643		$	54,587		$	50,643

na – not applicable due to IFRS 16 adoption.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim consolidated financial statements.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 49

Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows


(Unaudited) (Canadian $ in millions)	For the three months ended						For the nine months ended
	July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019			July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net Income	$	1,232		$	1,557		$	3,513		$	4,564
Adjustments to determine net cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities
Provision on securities, other than trading		1			1			2			2
Net (gain) on securities, other than trading		(32	)		(91	)		(86	)		(183	)
Net (increase) decrease in trading securities		(7,319	)		5,290			(1,624	)		4,814
Provision for credit losses (Note 3)		1,054			306			2,521			619
Change in derivative instruments – (increase) decrease in derivative asset		5,863			(196	)		(14,158	)		5,348
– increase (decrease) in derivative liability		(6,918	)		350			15,342			(2,595	)
Amortization of premises and equipment		198			110			598			326
Amortization of other assets		48			56			152			163
Amortization of intangible assets		154			135			461			406
Net (increase) decrease in deferred income tax asset		(90	)		84			132			386
Net increase (decrease) in deferred income tax liability		16			5			(1	)		2
Net (increase) decrease in current income tax asset		90			11			(492	)		257
Net (decrease) in current income tax liability		(19	)		(6	)		(9	)		(17	)
Change in accrued interest – (increase) decrease in interest receivable		242			80			319			(117	)
– increase (decrease) in interest payable		14			131			(198	)		303
Changes in other items and accruals, net		(334	)		(1,934	)		(6,870	)		(2,232	)
Net increase in deposits		19,630			9,149			88,368			33,047
Net (increase) decrease in loans		14,938			(7,568	)		(19,327	)		(34,470	)
Net increase (decrease) in securities sold but not yet purchased		724			(4,445	)		4,081			(1,430	)
Net increase (decrease) in securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements		(3,645	)		3,772			11,616			23,561
Net (increase) decrease in securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements		(1,979	)		2,528			(13,514	)		(22,086	)
Net increase (decrease) in securitization and structured entities’ liabilities		(101	)		18			191			483
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities		23,767			9,343			71,017			11,151
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net increase (decrease) in liabilities of subsidiaries		(5,326	)		81			(8,113	)		(1,267	)
Proceeds from issuance of covered bonds		-			2,290			4,425			4,168
Redemption/buyback of covered bonds		(1,371	)		(1,511	)		(6,868	)		(3,765	)
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated debt (Note 5)		1,250			-			1,250			-
Proceeds from issuance of preferred shares and other equity instruments (Note 6)		-			658			-			1,008
Share issue expense		-			(4	)		-			(8	)
Net proceeds from issuance (repurchase) of common shares or treasury shares (Note 6)		(15	)		17			(48	)		43
Common shares repurchased for cancellation (Note 6)		-			-			-			(90	)
Cash dividends and distributions paid		(516	)		(687	)		(1,974	)		(2,035	)
Repayment of lease liabilities (1)		(82	)		-			(250	)		-
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities		(6,060	)		844			(11,578	)		(1,946	)
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net (increase) decrease in interest bearing deposits with banks		(950	)		508			(280	)		1,420
Purchases of securities, other than trading		(20,449	)		(16,754	)		(73,897	)		(43,019	)
Maturities of securities, other than trading		5,050			2,749			12,539			10,538
Proceeds from sales of securities, other than trading		5,223			7,710			30,556			20,033
Premises and equipment – net (purchases)		(74	)		(117	)		(273	)		(303	)
Purchased and developed software – net (purchases)		(125	)		(153	)		(490	)		(457	)
Acquisitions		-			-			(186	)		-
Net Cash (Used in) Investing Activities		(11,325	)		(6,057	)		(32,031	)		(11,788	)
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash and Cash Equivalents		(1,385	)		(1,031	)		379			(621	)
Net increase (decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents		4,997			3,099			27,787			(3,204	)
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period		71,593			35,839			48,803			42,142
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period	$	76,590		$	38,938		$	76,590		$	38,938
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Net cash provided by operating activities includes:
Interest paid in the period	$	1,974		$	3,382		$	7,905		$	9,648
Income taxes paid in the period	$	140		$	432		$	1,732		$	1,145
Interest received in the period	$	5,241		$	6,339		$	16,988		$	17,979
Dividends received in the period	$	466		$	431		$	1,289		$	1,274

(1)	Prior to adoption of IFRS 16, repayments of finance lease liabilities were included in “Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities“.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these interim consolidated financial statements.

Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform with the current period’s presentation.

50 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

July 31, 2020 (Unaudited)

Note 1: Basis of Presentation

Bank of Montreal (“the bank”) is a chartered bank under the Bank Act (Canada) and is a public company incorporated in Canada. We are a highly diversified financial services company, providing a broad range of personal and commercial banking, wealth management and investment banking products and services. The bank’s head office is at 129 rue Saint Jacques, Montreal, Quebec. Our executive offices are at 100 King Street West, 1 First Canadian Place, Toronto, Ontario. Our common shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) and the New York Stock Exchange.

These condensed interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34, Interim Financial Reporting as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) using the same accounting policies as disclosed in our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2019, with the exception of the adoption of IFRS 16 Leases, IFRS Interpretations Committee Interpretation 23 Uncertainty Over Income Tax Treatments (“IFRIC 23”) and Amendments to IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement (“IAS 39”) and IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures (“IFRS 7”), as a result of interest rate benchmark reform discussed below. These condensed interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2019 as set out on pages 142 to 207 of our 2019 Annual Report. We also comply with interpretations of International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) by our regulator, the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions of Canada (“OSFI”). These interim consolidated financial statements were authorized for issue by the Board of Directors on August 25, 2020.

Changes in Accounting Policy

Leases

Effective November 1, 2019, we adopted IFRS 16 Leases (“IFRS 16”), which provides guidance whereby lessees are required to recognize a liability for the present value of future lease payments and record a corresponding asset on the balance sheet for most leases. There are minimal changes to the accounting from the lessor’s perspective.

The main impact for the bank is recording real estate leases on the balance sheet. Previously most of our real estate leases were classified as operating leases, whereby we recorded the lease expense over the lease term with no asset or liability recorded on the balance sheet other than related leasehold improvements. On adoption, we elected to exclude intangibles from the scope of lease accounting.

We recalculated the right-of-use asset as if we had always applied IFRS 16 for a selection of leases and for the remaining leases, we set the right-of-use asset equal to the lease liability. We will continue to account for low dollar value leases as executory contracts with lease expense recorded over the lease term and no corresponding right-of-use asset or lease liability. In addition, we combined lease and non-lease components (for example maintenance and utilities that have fixed payments) in the calculation of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities when applicable.

On transition, we recognized the cumulative effect of adoption in opening retained earnings as at November 1, 2019 with no changes to prior periods. The impact to the Consolidated Balance Sheet as at November 1, 2019 was an increase in premises and equipment of $1,965 million, an increase in other liabilities of $2,024 million, and a decrease in retained earnings of $80 million ($59 million after tax).

The following table sets out a reconciliation of our operating lease commitments, as disclosed under IAS 17 Leases as at October 31, 2019, which were used to derive the lease liabilities as at November 1, 2019.


(Canadian $ in millions)	November 1, 2019
Operating lease commitment at October 31, 2019 as disclosed in our consolidated financial statements		3,800
Discounted using the incremental borrowing rate at November 1, 2019		(310	)
Finance lease liabilities recognized as at October 31, 2019		41
Recognition exemption for low-value asset leases		(13	)
Extension and termination options reasonably certain to be exercised		37
Executory costs not included in the lease liability		(166	)
Leases signed but not yet started		(1,222	)
Lease liabilities recognized at November 1, 2019		2,167

When measuring lease liabilities, we discounted lease payments using our incremental borrowing rate at November 1, 2019. The weighted-average rate applied was 2.52%.

When we enter into new arrangements as a lessee, a right-of-use asset is recognized equal to the lease liability, which is calculated based on the future lease payments discounted at our incremental borrowing rate over the lease term. The lease term is based on the non-cancellable period and includes any options to extend or terminate which we are reasonably certain to exercise.

The right-of-use asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis, based on the shorter of useful life of the underlying asset or the lease term, and is adjusted for impairment losses, if any.

The lease liability accretes interest which is recognized in interest expense, other liabilities, based on the effective interest method over the lease term. The lease liability is remeasured when decisions are made to exercise options under the lease arrangement or when the likelihood of exercising an option within the lease changes.

Amounts relating to leases of low value are expensed when incurred in non-interest expense, premises and equipment.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 51

Uncertainty Over Income Tax Treatment

Effective November 1, 2019, we adopted IFRIC 23. The Interpretation clarifies the recognition and measurement requirements in IAS 12 Income Taxes when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments. The Interpretation had no impact on our financial results on adoption.

Interbank Offered Rate (“IBOR”) Reform

Effective November 1, 2019, we early adopted the IASB’s Phase 1 amendments to IAS 39 and IFRS 7, which provide hedge accounting relief from the uncertainty arising from IBOR reform during the period prior to replacement of IBORs. These amendments modify certain hedge accounting requirements, allowing us to assume the interest rate benchmark on which the cash flows of the hedged item and the hedging instrument are based are not altered as a result of IBOR reform, allowing hedge accounting to continue. They also provide an exception from the requirement to discontinue hedge accounting if a hedging relationship does not meet the effectiveness requirements as a result of IBOR reform.

Under IBOR reform, certain benchmark rates may be subject to discontinuance, changes in methodology, increased volatility or decreased liquidity during the transition from IBORs to alternative rates. Banks will cease rate submissions for the calculation of the London Interbank Offered Rates after December 31, 2021.

In order to manage the transition from IBORs to alternative rates, our enterprise-wide IBOR Transition Office is evaluating potential changes to market infrastructures on our risk framework, models, systems and processes, and reviewing legal documents to ensure the bank is prepared prior to the cessation of IBORs. We will apply judgment with respect to the need for new or revised hedging relationships; however, given market uncertainty, the assessment of the impact on the bank’s hedging relationships and its mitigation plans are in the early stages. The notional amount of the derivatives likely subject to IBOR reform designated as hedging instruments that mature after December 31, 2021 was $85,727 million of USD LIBOR and $1,560 million of other potentially impacted IBORs as at November 1, 2019.

Future changes in IFRS

Insurance Contracts

In June 2020, the IASB issued amendments to IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts (“IFRS 17”), which included a deferral of the effective date, resulting in a new adoption date for the bank of November 1, 2023 instead of November 1, 2022. The amendments also simplify some requirements, such as excluding certain credit cards from the scope of IFRS 17 and providing a policy choice to exclude certain loan contracts from IFRS 17, allowing us to continue accounting for them as we do today. We continue to assess the impact of the standard on our future financial results.

Use of Estimates and Judgments

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to use estimates and assumptions that affect the carrying amounts of certain assets and liabilities, certain amounts reported in net income and other related disclosures. The most significant assets and liabilities for which we must make estimates and judgments include the allowance for credit losses; financial instruments measured at fair value; pension and other employee future benefits; impairment of securities; income taxes and deferred tax assets; goodwill and intangible assets; insurance-related liabilities; provisions; and transfer of financial assets and consolidation of structured entities. If actual results were to differ from the estimates, the impact would be recorded in future periods.

The full extent of the impact that COVID-19, including government and/or regulatory responses to the outbreak, will have on the Canadian and US economies and the bank’s business remains uncertain and difficult to predict at this time. By their very nature, the judgments and estimates we make for the purposes of preparing our financial statements relate to matters that are inherently uncertain. However, we have detailed policies and internal controls that are intended to ensure these judgments and estimates are well controlled, independently reviewed, and our policies are consistently applied from period to period. We believe that our estimates of the value of our assets and liabilities are appropriate as at July 31, 2020.

Allowance for Credit Losses

As detailed further in Note 1 of our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2019 on page 144 of the Annual Report, the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) consists of allowances on impaired loans, which represent estimated losses related to impaired loans in the portfolio provided for but not yet written off, and allowances on performing loans, which is our best estimate of impairment in the existing portfolio for loans that have not yet been individually identified as impaired.

The expected credit loss model requires the recognition of credit losses generally based on 12 months of expected losses for performing loans and the recognition of lifetime losses on performing loans that have experienced a significant increase in credit risk since origination.

The determination of a significant increase in credit risk takes into account many different factors and varies by product and risk segment. The main factors considered in making this determination are relative changes in probability of default since origination, and certain other criteria, such as 30-day past due and watchlist status. We may apply experienced credit judgment to reflect factors not captured in the ECL models, based on the results produced by the ECL models as we deem necessary. In cases where borrowers have opted to participate in payment deferral programs we offered as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, deferred payments are not considered to be past due and do not on their own indicate a significant increase in credit risk.

The judgments we apply in determining the ACL include changes in circumstances that may cause future assessments of credit risk to be materially different from current assessments, which could require an increase or decrease in the allowance for credit losses.

Additional information regarding the allowance for credit losses is included in Note 3.

52 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value

Our fair value measurement techniques have not changed from those outlined in Note 17 of our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2019 on pages 180 to 181 of the Annual Report. Additional information on fair value of financial instruments is included in Note 7.

Income Taxes and Deferred Tax Assets

Deferred tax assets are recognized only when it is probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available in future periods against which deductible temporary differences or unused taxes losses and tax credits may be realized. On the evidence available, including management projections of income, we believe that it is probable there will be sufficient taxable income generated by our business operations to recognize these deferred tax assets.

Additional information on income taxes is included in Note 11.

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

As a result of the current economic conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on our business performance, we reassessed the recoverable value of goodwill for certain cash-generating units (“CGUs”) by updating key assumptions, including the estimated cost of capital, discount rates as well as the actual and future business performance of the CGUs. Indefinite-life intangible assets were also reviewed for impairment. We concluded that the fair value less costs to sell continue to exceed the carrying value of these CGUs and indefinite-life intangible assets and therefore no impairment write-downs were recorded in the three and nine-months ended July 31, 2020.

Provisions

A provision, including for restructuring, is recognized if, as a result of a past event, the bank has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. Provisions are recorded at the best estimate of the amounts required to settle the obligation as at the balance sheet date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties associated with the obligation. Management and external experts are involved in estimating any provision, as necessary. The actual costs of settling some obligations may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts of the provisions.

Additional information on legal proceedings is included in Note 13.

Transfer of Assets and Consolidation of Structured Entities

We enter into transactions in which we transfer assets to a structured entity or third party to obtain alternate sources of funding. We assess whether substantially all of the risks and rewards of or control over the loans have been transferred to determine if they qualify for derecognition. Where we continue to be exposed to substantially all of the repayment, interest rate and/or credit risk associated with the securitized loans, they do not qualify for derecognition. We continue to recognize the loans and the related cash proceeds as secured financing in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Further details of our assessment of certain government offered programs launched in response to the impact of COVID-19 against the derecognition criteria is discussed in Note 3.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 53

Note 2: Securities

Classification of Securities

The bank’s fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”) securities of $14,053 million ($13,704 million as at October 31, 2019) are comprised of $2,361 million mandatorily measured at fair value and $11,692 million investment securities held by insurance subsidiaries designated at fair value ($2,899 million and $10,805 million, respectively, as at October 31, 2019).

Our fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”) securities totalling $78,493 million ($64,515 million as at October 31, 2019), are net of an allowance for credit losses of $4 million ($2 million as at October 31, 2019).

Amortized cost securities totalling $45,229 million ($24,472 million as at October 31, 2019), are net of an allowance for credit losses of $1 million ($1 million as at October 31, 2019).

Unrealized Gains and Losses on FVOCI Securities

The following table summarizes the unrealized gains and losses:


(Canadian $ in millions)	July 31, 2020								October 31, 2019
	Cost/		Gross		Gross				Cost/		Gross		Gross
	Amortized cost		unrealized gains		unrealized losses		Fair value		Amortized cost		unrealized gains		unrealized losses		Fair value
Issued or guaranteed by:
Canadian federal government		27,329		253		–		27,582		11,876		72		4		11,944
Canadian provincial and municipal governments		4,585		140		–		4,725		5,907		106		1		6,012
U.S. federal government		17,646		1,039		6		18,679		15,363		617		5		15,975
U.S. states, municipalities and agencies		5,196		169		2		5,363		4,091		74		4		4,161
Other governments		6,949		205		4		7,150		7,179		158		2		7,335
National Housing Act (“NHA”) mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”)		1,614		51		2		1,663		1,953		18		1		1,970
U.S. agency MBS and collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMO”)		9,543		336		4		9,875		11,966		106		42		12,030
Corporate debt		3,241		129		1		3,369		4,899		110		2		5,007
Corporate equity		85		2		–		87		79		2		-		81
Total		76,188		2,324		19		78,493		63,313		1,263		61		64,515

Unrealized gains (losses) may be offset by related (losses) gains on hedge contracts.

Interest Income on Debt Securities

The following table presents interest income calculated using the effective interest method:

(Canadian $ in millions)

For the three months ended

For the nine months ended

July 31, 2020

July 31, 2019

July 31, 2020

July 31, 2019

FVOCI - Debt

185

403

823

1,202

Amortized cost

144

455

163

Total

329

478

1,278

1,365

54 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Note 3: Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

Credit Risk Exposure

The following table sets out our credit risk exposure for all loans carried at amortized cost, FVOCI or FVTPL as at July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019. Stage 1 represents those performing loans carried with up to a 12 month expected credit loss, Stage 2 represents those performing loans carried with a lifetime expected credit loss, and Stage 3 represents those loans with a lifetime credit loss that are credit impaired.


(Canadian $ in millions)	July 31, 2020								October 31, 2019
	Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Total
Loans: Residential mortgages
Exceptionally low		1		-		-		1		-		-		-		-
Very low		79,472		278		-		79,750		79,011		242		-		79,253
Low		22,654		2,765		-		25,419		20,853		2,821		-		23,674
Medium		11,594		6,560		-		18,154		13,651		4,578		-		18,229
High		91		362		-		453		124		397		-		521
Not rated		1,082		192		-		1,274		1,531		118		-		1,649
Impaired		-		-		430		430		-		-		414		414
Allowance for credit losses		65		58		17		140		15		32		17		64
Carrying amount		114,829		10,099		413		125,341		115,155		8,124		397		123,676
Loans: Consumer instalment and other personal
Exceptionally low		1,584		33		-		1,617		21,023		25		-		21,048
Very low		25,827		43		-		25,870		16,491		194		-		16,685
Low		20,281		873		-		21,154		9,894		346		-		10,240
Medium		9,921		4,856		-		14,777		10,510		4,264		-		14,774
High		367		1,493		-		1,860		397		1,423		-		1,820
Not rated		3,349		108		-		3,457		2,594		107		-		2,701
Impaired		-		-		433		433		-		-		468		468
Allowance for credit losses		115		420		127		662		82		318		136		536
Carrying amount		61,214		6,986		306		68,506		60,827		6,041		332		67,200
Loans: Credit cards
Exceptionally low		2,155		-		-		2,155		2,418		-		-		2,418
Very low		1,076		16		-		1,092		1,214		16		-		1,230
Low		904		164		-		1,068		970		158		-		1,128
Medium		1,700		965		-		2,665		2,020		876		-		2,896
High		49		388		-		437		140		440		-		580
Not rated		530		-		-		530		606		1		-		607
Impaired		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Allowance for credit losses		60		270		-		330		43		193		-		236
Carrying amount		6,354		1,263		-		7,617		7,325		1,298		-		8,623
Loans: Business and government (1)
Acceptable
Investment grade		124,728		6,757		-		131,485		134,587		1,028		-		135,615
Sub-investment grade		93,201		27,697		-		120,898		96,731		11,553		-		108,284
Watchlist		-		8,082		-		8,082		-		5,556		-		5,556
Impaired		-		-		3,550		3,550		-		-		1,747		1,747
Allowance for credit losses		573		971		575		2,119		263		441		310		1,014
Carrying amount		217,356		41,565		2,975		261,896		231,055		17,696		1,437		250,188
Commitments and financial guarantee contracts
Acceptable
Investment grade		132,838		1,491		-		134,329		134,920		884		-		135,804
Sub-investment grade		42,765		17,614		-		60,379		45,178		6,435		-		51,613
Watchlist		-		3,419		-		3,419		-		2,133		-		2,133
Impaired		-		-		1,164		1,164		-		-		324		324
Allowance for credit losses		212		232		12		456		119		103		22		244
Carrying amount (2)		175,391		22,292		1,152		198,835		179,979		9,349		302		189,630

(1)	Includes customers’ liability under acceptances.

(2)	Represents the total contractual amounts of undrawn credit facilities and other off-balance sheet exposures, excluding personal lines of credit and credit cards that are unconditionally cancellable at our discretion.

Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”)

The allowance for credit losses recorded in our Consolidated Balance Sheet is maintained at a level we consider adequate to absorb credit-related losses on our loans and other credit instruments. The allowance for credit losses amounted to $3,707 million at July 31, 2020 ($2,094 million at October 31, 2019) of which $3,251 million ($1,850 million at October 31, 2019) was recorded in loans and $456 million ($244 million at October 31, 2019) was recorded in other liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Significant changes in the gross balances, including originations, maturities and repayments in the normal course of operations, impact the allowance for credit losses.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 55

The following table shows the continuity in the loss allowance by product type. Transfers represent the amount of expected credit loss (“ECL”) that moved between stages during the period, for example, moving from a 12-month (Stage 1) to lifetime (Stage 2) ECL measurement basis. Net remeasurements represent the ECL impact due to stage transfers, changes in economic forecasts and credit quality.


(Canadian $ in millions)
For the three months ended	July 31, 2020												July 31, 2019
	Stage 1			Stage 2			Stage 3			Total			Stage 1			Stage 2			Stage 3			Total
Loans: Residential mortgages
Balance as at beginning of period		29			37			27			93			16			37			44			97
Transfer to Stage 1		8			(7	)		(1	)		-			7			(6	)		(1	)		-
Transfer to Stage 2		(1	)		4			(3	)		-			(1	)		2			(1	)		-
Transfer to Stage 3		-			(1	)		1			-			-			(3	)		3			-
Net remeasurement of loss allowance		27			30			10			67			(9	)		6			-			(3	)
Loan originations		4			-			-			4			2			-			-			2
Derecognitions and maturities		-			(2	)		-			(2	)		(1	)		(1	)		-			(2	)
Model changes		(1	)		(3	)		-			(4	)		-			-			-			-
Total Provision for Credit Losses (“PCL”) (1)		37			21			7			65			(2	)		(2	)		1			(3	)
Write-offs (2)		-			-			(3	)		(3	)		-			-			(6	)		(6	)
Recoveries of previous write-offs		-			-			2			2			-			-			7			7
Foreign exchange and other		(1	)		-			(6	)		(7	)		-			-			(8	)		(8	)
Balance as at end of period		65			58			27			150			14			35			38			87
Loans: Consumer instalment and other personal
Balance as at beginning of period		116			407			125			648			86			324			128			538
Transfer to Stage 1		59			(57	)		(2	)		-			44			(42	)		(2	)		-
Transfer to Stage 2		(10	)		21			(11	)		-			(4	)		18			(14	)		-
Transfer to Stage 3		(1	)		(27	)		28			-			(1	)		(32	)		33			-
Net remeasurement of loss allowance		(50	)		103			56			109			(40	)		66			52			78
Loan originations		9			-			-			9			12			-			-			12
Derecognitions and maturities		(4	)		(9	)		-			(13	)		(4	)		(13	)		-			(17	)
Model changes		11			8			-			19			-			-			-			-
Total PCL (1)		14			39			71			124			7			(3	)		69			73
Write-offs (2)		-			-			(81	)		(81	)		-			-			(80	)		(80	)
Recoveries of previous write-offs		-			-			22			22			-			-			25			25
Foreign exchange and other		(3	)		(3	)		(10	)		(16	)		(1	)		(1	)		(7	)		(9	)
Balance as at end of period		127			443			127			697			92			320			135			547
Loans: Credit cards
Balance as at beginning of period		115			319			-			434			77			231			-			308
Transfer to Stage 1		50			(50	)		-			-			28			(28	)		-			-
Transfer to Stage 2		(9	)		9			-			-			(5	)		5			-			-
Transfer to Stage 3		-			(48	)		48			-			(1	)		(46	)		47			-
Net remeasurement of loss allowance		(44	)		105			20			81			(24	)		79			24			79
Loan originations		5			-			-			5			5			-			-			5
Derecognitions and maturities		(1	)		(7	)		-			(8	)		(1	)		(6	)		-			(7	)
Model changes		(1	)		(10	)		-			(11	)		-			-			-			-
Total PCL (1)		-			(1	)		68			67			2			4			71			77
Write-offs (2)		-			-			(80	)		(80	)		-			-			(91	)		(91	)
Recoveries of previous write-offs		-			-			19			19			-			-			20			20
Foreign exchange and other		(3	)		(1	)		(7	)		(11	)		-			1			-			1
Balance as at end of period		112			317			-			429			79			236			-			315
Loans: Business and government
Balance as at beginning of period		580			795			586			1,961			336			423			260			1,019
Transfer to Stage 1		45			(45	)		-			-			31			(30	)		(1	)		-
Transfer to Stage 2		(65	)		66			(1	)		-			(16	)		17			(1	)		-
Transfer to Stage 3		(4	)		(163	)		167			-			(1	)		(14	)		15			-
Net remeasurement of loss allowance		145			510			134			789			(23	)		91			89			157
Loan originations		53			-			-			53			53			-			-			53
Derecognitions and maturities		(21	)		(36	)		-			(57	)		(28	)		(22	)		-			(50	)
Model changes		(7	)		(4	)		-			(11	)		-			-			-			-
Total PCL (1)		146			328			300			774			16			42			102			160
Write-offs (2)		-			-			(300	)		(300	)		-			-			(52	)		(52	)
Recoveries of previous write-offs		-			-			37			37			-			-			2			2
Foreign exchange and other		(5	)		10			(46	)		(41	)		(1	)		(4	)		(15	)		(20	)
Balance as at end of period		721			1,133			577			2,431			351			461			297			1,109
Total as at end of period		1,025			1,951			731			3,707			536			1,052			470			2,058
Comprised of: Loans		813			1,719			719			3,251			409			946			447			1,802
Other credit instruments (3)		212			232			12			456			127			106			23			256

(1)	Excludes PCL on other assets of $24 million for the three months ended July 31, 2020 ($(1) million for the three months ended July 31, 2019).

(2)	Generally, we continue to seek recovery on amounts that were written off during the year, unless the loan is sold, we no longer have the right to collect or we have exhausted all reasonable efforts to collect.

(3)	Recorded in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

56 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

The following table shows the continuity in the loss allowance by each product type:


(Canadian $ in millions)
For the nine months ended	July 31, 2020												July 31, 2019
	Stage 1			Stage 2			Stage 3			Total			Stage 1			Stage 2			Stage 3			Total
Loans: Residential mortgages
Balance as at beginning of period		15			33			38			86			20			38			44			102
Transfer to Stage 1		19			(17	)		(2	)		-			21			(19	)		(2	)		-
Transfer to Stage 2		(2	)		7			(5	)		-			(2	)		5			(3	)		-
Transfer to Stage 3		-			(4	)		4			-			-			(7	)		7			-
Net remeasurement of loss allowance		29			47			17			93			(29	)		21			7			(1	)
Loan originations		8			-			-			8			5			-			-			5
Derecognitions and maturities		(1	)		(4	)		-			(5	)		(1	)		(3	)		-			(4	)
Model changes		(3	)		(5	)		-			(8	)		-			-			-			-
Total PCL (1)		50			24			14			88			(6	)		(3	)		9			-
Write-offs (2)		-			-			(9	)		(9	)		-			-			(13	)		(13	)
Recoveries of previous write-offs		-			-			6			6			-			-			12			12
Foreign exchange and other		-			1			(22	)		(21	)		-			-			(14	)		(14	)
Balance as at end of period		65			58			27			150			14			35			38			87
Loans: Consumer instalment and other personal
Balance as at beginning of period		89			333			136			558			90			326			144			560
Transfer to Stage 1		138			(131	)		(7	)		-			131			(122	)		(9	)		-
Transfer to Stage 2		(20	)		66			(46	)		-			(13	)		62			(49	)		-
Transfer to Stage 3		(3	)		(79	)		82			-			(4	)		(84	)		88			-
Net remeasurement of loss allowance		(112	)		247			162			297			(134	)		168			112			146
Loan originations		32			-			-			32			35			-			-			35
Derecognitions and maturities		(12	)		(27	)		-			(39	)		(12	)		(30	)		-			(42	)
Model changes		16			33			-			49			-			-			-			-
Total PCL (1)		39			109			191			339			3			(6	)		142			139
Write-offs (2)		-			-			(248	)		(248	)		-			-			(233	)		(233	)
Recoveries of previous write-offs		-			-			64			64			-			-			97			97
Foreign exchange and other		(1	)		1			(16	)		(16	)		(1	)		-			(15	)		(16	)
Balance as at end of period		127			443			127			697			92			320			135			547
Loans: Credit cards
Balance as at beginning of period		80			225			-			305			74			219			-			293
Transfer to Stage 1		107			(107	)		-			-			78			(78	)		-			-
Transfer to Stage 2		(25	)		25			-			-			(16	)		16			-			-
Transfer to Stage 3		(1	)		(129	)		130			-			(1	)		(125	)		126			-
Net remeasurement of loss allowance		(57	)		332			68			343			(68	)		221			58			211
Loan originations		13			-			-			13			15			-			-			15
Derecognitions and maturities		(3	)		(19	)		-			(22	)		(3	)		(18	)		-			(21	)
Model changes		(1	)		(10	)		-			(11	)		-			-			-			-
Total PCL (1)		33			92			198			323			5			16			184			205
Write-offs (2)		-			-			(257	)		(257	)		-			-			(250	)		(250	)
Recoveries of previous write-offs		-			-			66			66			-			-			66			66
Foreign exchange and other		(1	)		-			(7	)		(8	)		-			1			-			1
Balance as at end of period		112			317			-			429			79			236			-			315
Loans: Business and government
Balance as at beginning of period		338			496			311			1,145			298			408			209			915
Transfer to Stage 1		109			(102	)		(7	)		-			139			(135	)		(4	)		-
Transfer to Stage 2		(118	)		121			(3	)		-			(41	)		53			(12	)		-
Transfer to Stage 3		(6	)		(226	)		232			-			(1	)		(41	)		42			-
Net remeasurement of loss allowance		321			883			558			1,762			(141	)		230			159			248
Loan originations		153			-			-			153			163			-			-			163
Derecognitions and maturities		(63	)		(86	)		-			(149	)		(75	)		(57	)		-			(132	)
Model changes		(30	)		8			-			(22	)		-			-			-			-
Total PCL (1)		366			598			780			1,744			44			50			185			279
Write-offs (2)		-			-			(516	)		(516	)		-			-			(123	)		(123	)
Recoveries of previous write-offs		-			-			60			60			-			-			61			61
Foreign exchange and other		17			39			(58	)		(2	)		9			3			(35	)		(23	)
Balance as at end of period		721			1,133			577			2,431			351			461			297			1,109
Total as at end of period		1,025			1,951			731			3,707			536			1,052			470			2,058
Comprised of: Loans		813			1,719			719			3,251			409			946			447			1,802
Other credit instruments (3)		212			232			12			456			127			106			23			256

(1)	Excludes PCL on other assets of $27 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2020 ($(4) million for the nine months ended July 31, 2019).

(2)	Generally, we continue to seek recovery on amounts that were written off during the year, unless the loan is sold, we no longer have the right to collect or we have exhausted all reasonable efforts to collect.

(3)	Recorded in other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 57

Loans and allowance for credit losses by geographic region as at July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019 are as follows:

(Canadian $ in millions)

July 31, 2020

October 31, 2019

Gross
amount

Allowance for credit losses

on impaired loans (2)

Allowance for credit losses

on performing loans (3)

Net

Amount

Gross

amount

Allowance for credit losses

on impaired loans (2)

Allowance for credit losses

on performing loans (3)

Net

Amount

By geographic region (1):

Canada

270,348

345

1,335

268,668

258,842

207

740

257,895

United States

166,278

374

1,164

164,740

158,454

256

630

157,568

Other countries

11,953

11,920

10,648

10,631

Total

448,579

719

2,532

445,328

427,944

463

1,387

426,094

(1)	Geographic region is based upon country of ultimate risk.

(2)	Excludes allowance for credit losses on impaired loans of $12 million for other credit instruments, which is included in other liabilities ($22 million as at October 31, 2019).

(3)	Excludes allowance for credit losses on performing loans of $444 million for other credit instruments, which is included in other liabilities ($222 million as at October 31, 2019).

Impaired (Stage 3) loans, including the related allowances, as at July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019 are as follows:


(Canadian $ in millions)					July 31, 2020						October 31, 2019
	Gross impaired amount (3)		Allowance for credit losses on impaired loans (4)		Net impaired amount (3)		Gross impaired amount (3)		Allowance for credit losses on impaired loans (4)		Net impaired amount (3)
Residential mortgages		430		17		413		414		17		397
Consumer instalment and other personal		433		127		306		468		136		332
Business and government (1)		3,550		575		2,975		1,747		310		1,437
Total		4,413		719		3,694		2,629		463		2,166
By geographic region (2):
Canada		1,469		345		1,124		914		207		707
United States		2,885		374		2,511		1,715		256		1,459
Other countries		59		-		59		-		-		-
Total		4,413		719		3,694		2,629		463		2,166

(1)	Includes customers’ liability under acceptances.

(2)	Geographic region is based upon the country of ultimate risk.

(3)	Gross impaired loans and net impaired loans exclude purchased credit impaired loans.

(4)	Excludes allowance for credit losses on impaired loans of $12 million for other credit instruments, which is included in other liabilities ($22 million as at October 31, 2019).

Loans Past Due Not Impaired

Loans that are past due but not classified as impaired are loans where our customers have failed to make payments when contractually due but for which we expect the full amount of principal and interest payments to be collected, or loans which are held at fair value. The following table presents loans that are past due but not classified as impaired as at July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019. In cases where borrowers have opted to participate in payment deferral programs we offered as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, deferred payments are not considered past due and do not on their own indicate a significant increase in credit risk. As a result, they have not been included in the table below.


(Canadian $ in millions)					July 31, 2020								October 31, 2019
	1 to 29 days		30 to 89 days		90 days or more		Total		1 to 29 days		30 to 89 days		90 days or more		Total
Residential mortgages		598		335		28		961		806		465		16		1,287
Credit card, consumer instalment and other personal		1,261		328		81		1,670		1,590		426		87		2,103
Business and government		387		293		32		712		351		207		59		617
Total		2,246		956		141		3,343		2,747		1,098		162		4,007

Fully secured loans with amounts past due between 90 and 180 days that we have not classified as impaired totalled $43 million and $54 million as at July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019, respectively.

ECL Sensitivity and Key Economic Variables

The allowance for performing loans is sensitive to changes in both economic forecasts and the probability-weight assigned to each forecast scenario. We incorporate multiple economic forecasts and those used are representative of our view of future economic conditions and considering external data, developed internally by our Economics group. Many of the variables used in our forecasts have a high degree of interdependency, and as such there is no single factor to which loan impairment allowances as a whole are sensitive. We apply experienced credit judgment to reflect factors not captured in the ECL models as we deem necessary. In Q3 2020, we have applied experienced credit judgment to reflect the impact of the extraordinary and highly uncertain environment on credit conditions and the economy.

As at July 31, 2020, our base case economic forecast depicts a contracting Canadian economy, with real GDP falling in 2020 as a result of a sharp decline in the first half of the year, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is in contrast to our base case economic forecast as at October 31, 2019 which depicted moderate economic growth in both Canada and the U.S. over the projection period. In addition, the outlook for the economy and labour markets is moderately weaker compared to the second quarter of 2020. If we assume a 100% base case economic forecast and include the impact of loan migration by restaging, with other assumptions held constant, including the application of experienced credit judgment, the allowance on performing loans would be approximately $2,725 million as at July 31, 2020 ($1,325 million as at October 31, 2019), compared to the reported allowance for performing loans of $2,976 million ($1,609 million as at October 31, 2019).

As at July 31, 2020, our adverse case economic forecast also depicts a contracting Canadian economy, with real GDP declining in 2020, with an increase in 2021. In our adverse case scenario, the dislocations caused by the pandemic are more significant and persist for a longer period of time compared with our base case scenario. This is in contrast to the adverse scenario forecast as at October 31, 2019 which depicted a typical recession, with the economy contracting in the first year followed by a steady recovery through the end of the projection period. If we assume a 100% adverse economic forecast and include the impact of loan migration by restaging, with other assumptions held constant, including the application of

58 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

experienced credit judgment, the allowance on performing loans would be approximately $3,550 million as at July 31, 2020 ($2,800 million as at October 31, 2019), compared to the reported allowance for performing loans of $2,976 million ($1,609 million as at October 31, 2019).

The following table shows the key economic variables we use to estimate our allowance on performing loans during the forecast period. This table is typically provided on an annual basis. However, given the significant level of change in the forward-looking information since the end of 2019, the disclosures have been provided as an update to the bank’s Annual Report for the year ended October 31, 2019. The values shown represent the national average values for calendar 2020 and calendar 2021. The base case scenario reflects our view of the most probable outcome. While the values disclosed below are national variables, we use regional variables in our underlying models where considered appropriate and consider factors impacting particular industries.

Benign scenario

Base scenario

Adverse scenario (1)

2020

2021

2020

2021

2020

2021

All figures are

average annual values

July 31,
2020

October 31,
2019

July 31,
2020

October 31,
2019

July 31,
2020

October 31,
2019

July 31,
2020

October 31,
2019

July 31,
2020

October 31,
2019

July 31,
2020

October 31,
2019

Real gross domestic product (2)

Canada

(4.6)%

2.9%

8.9%

2.5%

(6.0)%

1.7%

6.0%

1.6%

(7.6)%

(2.3)%

3.7%

0.5%

United States

(4.1)%

2.4%

7.8%

2.4%

(5.5)%

1.8%

5.0%

1.9%

(7.1)%

(2.0)%

2.5%

0.6%

Corporate BBB 10-year spread

Canada

2.1%

2.0%

1.9%

2.1%

2.4%

2.3%

2.3%

2.3%

2.8%

4.5%

3.1%

4.1%

United States

2.2%

1.8%

1.9%

2.0%

2.5%

2.3%

2.4%

2.4%

3.0%

4.1%

3.2%

3.6%

Unemployment rates

Canada

8.5%

5.1%

6.5%

5.0%

9.5%

5.7%

8.0%

5.9%

10.9%

8.5%

10.0%

9.0%

United States

7.5%

3.3%

5.4%

3.2%

8.9%

3.7%

7.0%

3.8%

10.3%

6.1%

8.9%

6.8%

Housing Price Index (“HPI”) (2)

Canada (3)

5.3%

3.7%

5.4%

3.7%

3.5%

2.0%

0.0%

2.5%

0.8%

(12.3)%

(7.5)%

(4.7)%

United States (4)

2.4%

4.4%

4.6%

4.2%

1.0%

3.0%

1.6%

2.7%

(0.4)%

(5.7)%

(1.9)%

(2.2)%

(1)	In Q4 2019, the adverse scenario was reflective of a typical recession that extends for four quarters. However, beginning Q2 2020, the adverse scenario used is reflective of a more adverse outcome compared with our base case forecast.

(2)	Real gross domestic product and housing price index are year-over-year growth rates.

(3)	In Canada, we use the HPI Benchmark Composite.

(4)	In the United States, we use the National Case-Shiller House Price Index.

Transfer of Assets

In the normal course, we sell Canadian mortgage loans to third-party Canadian securitization programs. Beginning in the second quarter, we participated in the Insured Mortgage Purchase Program (“IMPP”), launched by the Government of Canada as part of their response to COVID-19.

Under the IMPP, we assessed whether substantially all of the risks and rewards of the loans have been transferred, in order to determine if the mortgages qualify for derecognition. Since we continue to be exposed to substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership associated with these securitized mortgages, they do not qualify for derecognition. We continue to recognize the loans and recognize the related cash proceeds as secured financing in our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

The government also launched the Canada Emergency Business Account (“CEBA”) Program in the second quarter, where we issue loans that are funded by the government. We determined these loans qualify for derecognition as the risks and rewards were transferred to the government, therefore we do not recognize these loans on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Note 4: Risk Management

We have an enterprise-wide approach to the identification, measurement, monitoring and control of risks faced across our organization. The key risks related to our financial instruments are classified as credit and counterparty, market, and liquidity and funding risk. Our risk management policies and processes have not changed significantly from those outlined in the Enterprise-Wide Risk Management sections on pages 68 to 106 of the bank’s Annual Report for the year ended October 31, 2019. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increase in certain risks outlined in the Risk Management section of our interim Management’s Discussion and Analysis. We have provided an update on each of the key risks below.

Credit and Counterparty Risk

Credit and counterparty risk is the potential for loss due to the failure of a borrower, endorser, guarantor or counterparty to repay a loan or honour another predetermined financial obligation. Credit risk arises predominantly with respect to loans, over-the-counter and centrally cleared derivatives and other credit instruments. This is the most significant measurable risk that we face. Updated information on credit risk related to loans is included in Note 3.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 59

Market Risk

Market risk is the potential for adverse changes in the value of our assets and liabilities resulting from changes in market variables such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, dividend policies and commodity prices and their implied volatilities, and credit spreads, and includes the risk of credit migration and default in our trading book. We incur market risk in our trading and underwriting activities and in the management of structural market risk in our banking and insurance activities. Updated market risk measures are included on page 36 of our interim Management’s Discussion and Analysis.

Liquidity and Funding Risk

Liquidity and funding risk is the potential for loss if we are unable to meet our financial commitments in a timely manner at reasonable prices as they become due. It is our policy to ensure that sufficient liquid assets and funding capacity are available to meet financial commitments, including liabilities to depositors and suppliers, and lending, investment and pledging commitments, even in times of stress. Managing liquidity and funding risk is essential to maintaining a safe and sound enterprise, depositor confidence and earnings stability. Updated contractual maturities of assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet commitments, a tool used to manage liquidity and funding risk, are included on pages 43 and 44 of our interim Management’s Discussion and Analysis.

Note 5: Deposits and Subordinated Debt

Deposits

Payable on demand

Payable

Payable on

(Canadian $ in millions)

Interest bearing

Non-interest bearing

after notice

a fixed date (4)(5)

Total

July 31,
2020

October 31,
2019

July 31,
2020

October 31,
2019

July 31,
2020

October 31,
2019

July 31,
2020

October 31,
2019

July 31,
2020

October 31,
2019

Deposits by:

Banks (1) (6)

3,245

1,996

1,773

1,530

1,240

1,017

35,641

19,273

41,899

23,816

Business and government

45,320

29,083

41,901

33,853

115,048

85,022

195,436

195,199

397,705

343,157

Individuals

4,213

3,361

28,729

23,084

107,521

94,304

80,533

80,421

220,996

201,170

Total (2) (3)

52,778

34,440

72,403

58,467

223,809

180,343

311,610

294,893

660,600

568,143

Booked in:

Canada

39,943

27,338

62,427

49,911

107,555

90,630

201,878

181,835

411,803

349,714

United States

11,254

6,043

9,935

8,531

114,926

88,604

77,713

86,368

213,828

189,546

Other countries

1,581

1,059

1,328

1,109

32,019

26,690

34,969

28,883

Total

52,778

34,440

72,403

58,467

223,809

180,343

311,610

294,893

660,600

568,143

(1)	Includes regulated and central banks.

(2)	Includes structured notes designated at fair value through profit or loss (Note 7).

(3)

As at July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019, total deposits payable on a fixed date included $40,757 million and $25,438 million, respectively, of federal funds purchased and commercial paper issued and other deposit liabilities. Included in deposits as at July 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019 are $318,088 million and $279,860 million, respectively, of deposits denominated in U.S. dollars, and $38,861 million and $36,680 million, respectively, of deposits denominated in other foreign currencies.

(4)

Includes $276,218 million of deposits, each greater than one hundred thousand dollars, of which $173,167 million were booked in Canada, $71,037 million were booked in the United States and $32,014 million were booked in other countries ($258,862 million, $152,499 million, $79,682 million and $26,681 million, respectively, as at October 31, 2019). Of the $173,167 million of deposits booked in Canada, $27,729 million mature in less than three months, $11,351 million mature in three to six months, $41,220 million mature in six to twelve months and $92,867 million mature after twelve months ($152,499 million, $26,234 million, $8,400 million, $31,155 million and $86,710 million, respectively, as at October 31, 2019). Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform with the current period’s presentation.

(5)

Includes $24,990 million of senior unsecured debt as at July 31, 2020 subject to the Bank Recapitalization (Bail-In) regime ($16,248 million as at October 31, 2019). The Bail-In regime provides certain statutory powers to the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, including the ability to convert specified eligible shares and liabilities into common shares if the bank becomes non-viable.

(6)	Includes $12,741 million of deposits with the Bank of Canada, where we have used our own bearer deposit notes as collateral under its term repo facility ($nil as at October 31, 2019).

Subordinated Debt

On June 17, 2020, we issued $1,250 million of 2.077% unsecured subordinated notes under our Canadian Medium-Term Note Program. The issue, Series J Medium-Term Notes Second Tranche, is due June 17, 2030. The notes reset to a floating rate on June 17, 2025.

During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2020, we did not redeem any subordinated debt.

60 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Note 6: Equity

Preferred and Common Shares Outstanding and Other Equity Instruments (1)

(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)

July 31, 2020

October 31, 2019

Number of

shares

Amount

Number of

Amount

Convertible into...

Preferred Shares - Classified as Equity

Class B – Series 25

9,425,607

236

9,425,607

236

Class B -Series 26

(2)

Class B – Series 26

2,174,393

2,174,393

Class B -Series 25

(2)

Class B – Series 27

20,000,000

500

20,000,000

500

Class B -Series 28

(2)(3)

Class B – Series 29

16,000,000

400

16,000,000

400

Class B -Series 30

(2)(3)

Class B – Series 31

12,000,000

300

12,000,000

300

Class B -Series 32

(2)(3)

Class B – Series 33

8,000,000

200

8,000,000

200

Class B -Series 34

(2)(3)

Class B – Series 35

6,000,000

150

6,000,000

150

Not convertible

(3)

Class B – Series 36

600,000

600

600,000

600

Class B -Series 37

(2)(3)

Class B – Series 38

24,000,000

600

24,000,000

600

Class B -Series 39

(2)(3)

Class B – Series 40

20,000,000

500

20,000,000

500

Class B - Series 41

(2)(3)

Class B – Series 42

16,000,000

400

16,000,000

400

Class B -Series 43

(2)(3)

Class B – Series 44

16,000,000

400

16,000,000

400

Class B -Series 45

(2)(3)

Class B – Series 46

14,000,000

350

14,000,000

350

Class B -Series 47

(2)(3)

Preferred Shares - Classified as Equity

4,690

4,690

Other Equity Instruments (4)

658

658

Common Shares (5) (6) (7)

642,804,880

13,200

639,232,276

12,971

Share Capital and Other Equity Instruments

18,548

18,319

(1)	For additional information refer to Notes 16 and 20 of our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2019 on pages 177 and 188 of our 2019 Annual Report.

(2)	If converted, the holders have the option to convert back to the original preferred shares on subsequent redemption dates.

(3)

The shares issued include a non-viability contingent capital provision, which is necessary for the shares to qualify as regulatory capital under Basel III. As such, the shares are convertible into a variable number of our common shares if OSFI announces that the bank is, or is about to become, non-viable or if a federal or provincial government in Canada publicly announces that the bank has accepted or agreed to accept a capital injection, or equivalent support, to avoid non-viability. In such an event, each preferred share is convertible into common shares pursuant to an automatic conversion formula and a conversion price based on the greater of: (i) a floor price of $5.00 and (ii) the current market price of our common shares based on the volume weighted average trading price of our common shares on the TSX. The number of common shares issued is determined by dividing the share value of the preferred share issuance (including declared and unpaid dividends on such preferred share issuance) by the conversion price and then times the multiplier.

(4)

The other equity instruments (notes) issued include a non-viability contingent capital provision, which is necessary for the notes to qualify as regulatory capital under Basel III. As such, the notes are convertible into a variable number of our common shares if OSFI announces that the bank is, or is about to become, non-viable or if a federal or provincial government in Canada publicly announces that the bank has accepted or agreed to accept a capital injection, or equivalent support, to avoid non-viability. In such an event, the notes are convertible into common shares of the bank determined by dividing (a) the product of the Multiplier of 1.25, and the Note Value, by (b) the Conversion Price which is the greater of the Floor price of $5 and the current market price.

(5)	The stock options issued under the Stock Option Plan are convertible into 6,635,228 common shares as at July 31, 2020 (6,108,307 common shares as at October 31, 2019).

(6)	During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2020, we issued 3,355,394 common shares under the Shareholder Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan and 8,614 and 423,737 common shares under the Stock Option Plan.

(7)	Common shares are net of 206,527 treasury shares as at July 31, 2020.

Other Equity Instruments

The bank’s US$500 million (CAD $658 million) 4.800% Additional Tier 1 Capital Notes (“notes”) are classified as equity and form part of our additional Tier 1 non-viability contingent capital. The notes are compound financial instruments that have both equity and liability features. On the date of issuance, we assigned an insignificant value to the liability component of the notes and, as a result, the full amount of proceeds has been classified as equity. Semi-annual distributions on the notes will be recorded as a reduction in retained earnings when payable in May and December. The rights of the holders of our notes are subordinate to the claims of the depositors and certain other creditors but rank above our common and preferred shares.

Preferred Shares

On June 29, 2020, we announced that we did not intend to exercise our right to redeem the current outstanding Non-Cumulative 5-Year Rate Reset Class B Preferred Shares Series 33 (“Preferred Shares Series 33”) on August 25, 2020. As a result, subject to certain conditions, the holders of Preferred Shares Series 33 had the right, at their option, by August 10, 2020, to convert any or all of their Preferred Shares Series 33 on a one-for-one basis into Non-Cumulative Floating Rate Class B Preferred Shares Series 34 (“Preferred Shares Series 34”). During the conversion period, July 27, 2020 to August 10, 2020, 118,563 Preferred Shares Series 33 were tendered for conversion into Preferred Shares Series 34, which is less than the minimum 1,000,000 required to give effect to the conversion, as described in the Preferred Shares Series 33 prospectus supplement dated May 29, 2015. As a result, no Preferred Shares Series 34 were issued and holders of Preferred Shares Series 33 retained their shares. The dividend rate for the Preferred Shares Series 33 for the five year period commencing on August 25, 2020, and ending on August 24, 2025, is 3.054%.

During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2020, we did not issue or redeem any preferred shares.

Common Shares

On February 25, 2020, we announced our intention, subject to the approval of OSFI and the Toronto Stock Exchange, to establish a new normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”) that will permit us to purchase for cancellation up to 12 million common shares over a 12-month period, commencing on or about June 3, 2020. As previously noted, in light of OSFI’s announcement on March 13, 2020 that all share buybacks by federally regulated financial institutions should be halted for the time being, we have put the process on hold. We will proceed with the new NCIB based on OSFI’s future guidance. Our previous NCIB expired on June 2, 2020.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 61

Shareholder Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan

On August 25, 2020, we announced that commencing with common share dividend declared for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, and subsequently until further notice, common shares under the Shareholder Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan (the “Plan”) will be purchased on the open market without a discount.

During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2020, we issued 3,355,394 common shares under the Plan.

Note 7: Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value on the Balance Sheet

Set out in the following table are the amounts that would be reported if all financial assets and liabilities not currently carried at fair value were reported at their fair values. Refer to Note 17 to our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2019 on pages 179 to 186 for further discussion on the determination of fair value.

(Canadian $ in millions)

July 31, 2020

October 31, 2019

Carrying value

Fair value

Carrying value

Fair value

Securities

Amortized cost

45,229

45,875

24,472

24,622

Loans (1)

Residential mortgages

125,341

127,108

123,676

124,093

Consumer instalment and other personal

68,506

69,181

67,200

67,516

Credit cards

7,617

8,623

Business and government (2)

240,352

242,295

224,442

225,145

441,816

446,201

423,941

425,377

Deposits (3)

643,133

645,402

552,314

553,444

Securitization and structured entities’ liabilities

27,461

28,159

27,159

27,342

Subordinated debt

8,513

8,790

6,995

7,223

This table excludes financial instruments with a carrying value approximating fair value, such as cash and cash equivalents, interest bearing deposits with banks, securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements,

customers’ liability under acceptances, other assets, acceptances, securities lent or sold under repurchase agreements and other liabilities.

(1)	Carrying value of loans is net of allowance.

(2)	Excludes $3,562 million of loans classified as FVTPL and $50 million of loans classified as FVOCI as at July 31, 2020, respectively ($2,156 million and $22 million as at October 31, 2019).

(3)	Excludes $17,467 million of structured note liabilities designated at FVTPL and accounted for at fair value ($15,829 million as at October 31, 2019).

Fair Value Hierarchy

We use a fair value hierarchy to categorize financial instruments according to the inputs we use in valuation techniques to measure fair value.

Valuation Techniques and Significant Inputs

We determine the fair value of publicly traded fixed maturity debt and equity securities using quoted prices in active markets (Level 1) when these are available. When quoted prices in active markets are not available, we determine the fair value of financial instruments using models such as discounted cash flows with observable market data for inputs such as yield and prepayment rates or broker quotes and other third-party vendor quotes (Level 2). Fair value may also be determined using models where significant market inputs are not observable due to inactive markets or minimal market activity (Level 3). We maximize the use of observable market inputs to the extent possible. We have considered the current market conditions due to COVID-19 and their impact on the determination of fair value, applying judgment in the selection of inputs where applicable.

Our Level 2 trading and FVOCI securities are primarily valued using discounted cash flow models with observable spreads or third-party vendor quotes. Level 2 structured note liabilities are valued using models with observable market information. Level 2 derivative assets and liabilities are valued using industry standard models and observable market information.

62 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

The extent of our use of actively quoted market prices (Level 1), internal models using observable market information as inputs (Level 2) and models without observable market information as inputs (Level 3) in the valuation of securities, business and government loans classified as FVTPL, fair value liabilities, derivative assets and derivative liabilities is presented in the following tables:


(Canadian $ in millions)							July 31, 2020		October 31, 2019
	Valued using quoted market prices		Valued using models (with observable inputs)		Valued using models (without observable inputs)		Total		Valued using quoted market prices		Valued using models (with observable inputs)		Valued using models (without observable inputs)		Total
Trading Securities
Issued or guaranteed by:
Canadian federal government		4,746		3,898		-		8,644		6,959		1,371		-		8,330
Canadian provincial and municipal governments		2,056		6,967		-		9,023		3,871		3,656		-		7,527
U.S. federal government		8,000		1,210		-		9,210		8,001		762		-		8,763
U.S. states, municipalities and agencies		38		370		-		408		48		626		-		674
Other governments		1,406		1,485		-		2,891		888		697		-		1,585
NHA MBS, U.S. agency MBS and CMO		5		9,113		584		9,702		14		10,494		538		11,046
Corporate debt		3,694		6,765		-		10,459		2,620		5,091		7		7,718
Trading loans		-		45		-		45		-		103		-		103
Corporate equity		38,825		-		-		38,825		40,155		2		-		40,157
		58,770		29,853		584		89,207		62,556		22,802		545		85,903
FVTPL Securities
Issued or guaranteed by:
Canadian federal government		627		108		-		735		410		107		-		517
Canadian provincial and municipal governments		239		1,231		-		1,470		364		915		-		1,279
U.S. federal government		9		35		-		44		-		48		-		48
Other governments		-		95		-		95		-		49		-		49
NHA MBS, U.S. agency MBS and CMO		-		3		-		3		-		5		-		5
Corporate debt		97		8,140		-		8,237		146		8,071		-		8,217
Corporate equity		1,654		8		1,807		3,469		1,536		69		1,984		3,589
		2,626		9,620		1,807		14,053		2,456		9,264		1,984		13,704
FVOCI Securities
Issued or guaranteed by:
Canadian federal government		21,492		6,090		-		27,582		11,168		776		-		11,944
Canadian provincial and municipal governments		1,944		2,781		-		4,725		3,798		2,214		-		6,012
U.S. federal government		17,046		1,633		-		18,679		15,068		907		-		15,975
U.S. states, municipalities and agencies		6		5,356		1		5,363		1		4,159		1		4,161
Other governments		2,748		4,402		-		7,150		4,396		2,939		-		7,335
NHA MBS, U.S. agency MBS and CMO		-		11,538		-		11,538		-		14,000		-		14,000
Corporate debt		590		2,779		-		3,369		2,205		2,802		-		5,007
Corporate equity		-		-		87		87		-		-		81		81
		43,826		34,579		88		78,493		36,636		27,797		82		64,515
Business and government loans		-		1,409		2,203		3,612		-		442		1,736		2,178
Fair Value Liabilities
Securities sold but not yet purchased		25,323		5,256		-		30,579		22,393		3,860		-		26,253
Structured note liabilities and other note liabilities (1)		-		17,467		-		17,467		-		15,829		-		15,829
Annuity liabilities (2)		-		1,232		-		1,232		-		1,043		-		1,043
		25,323		23,955		-		49,278		22,393		20,732		-		43,125
Derivative Assets
Interest rate contracts		24		17,333		-		17,357		14		10,443		-		10,457
Foreign exchange contracts		9		15,804		-		15,813		7		9,262		-		9,269
Commodity contracts		457		1,555		-		2,012		329		817		-		1,146
Equity contracts		743		2,860		-		3,603		226		997		-		1,223
Credit default swaps		-		11		-		11		-		49		-		49
		1,233		37,563		-		38,796		576		21,568		-		22,144
Derivative Liabilities
Interest rate contracts		31		12,836		-		12,867		11		7,943		-		7,954
Foreign exchange contracts		12		18,723		-		18,735		20		10,843		-		10,863
Commodity contracts		603		2,247		-		2,850		218		1,462		-		1,680
Equity contracts		478		4,907		-		5,385		103		2,896		-		2,999
Credit default swaps		-		19		3		22		-		101		1		102
		1,124		38,732		3		39,859		352		23,245		1		23,598

(1)	These structured note liabilities and other note liabilities included in deposits have been designated at FVTPL.

(2)	These investment contract liabilities in our insurance business have been designated at FVTPL.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 63

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

The table below presents the fair values of our significant Level 3 financial instruments that are measured at a fair value on a recurring basis, the valuation techniques used to determine their fair values and the value ranges of significant unobservable inputs used in the valuations. We have not applied any other reasonably possible alternative assumption to the significant Level 3 categories of private equity investments, as the net asset values are provided by the investment or fund managers.

Range of input values (1)

As at July 31, 2020

(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)

Reporting line in fair

value hierarchy table

Fair value

of assets

Valuation techniques

Significant

unobservable inputs

Low

High

Private equity (2)

Corporate equity

1,807

Net Asset Value

EV/EBITDA

Multiple

16x

Loans (3)

Business and government loans

2,203

Discounted cash flows

Discount margin

56bps

224bps

NHA MBS and U.S. agency MBS and CMO

584

Discounted cash flows

Prepayment rate

86%

Market Comparable

Comparability Adjustment (4)

(5.26)

5.54

(1)

The low and high input values represent the highest and lowest actual level of inputs used to value a group of financial instruments in a particular product category. These input ranges do not reflect the level of input uncertainty, but are affected by the specific underlying instruments within each product category. The input ranges will therefore vary from period to period based on the characteristics of the underlying instruments held at each balance sheet date.

(2)	Included in private equity is $490 million of Federal Reserve Bank and U.S. Federal Home Loan Bank shares that we carry at cost, which approximates fair value, and hold to meet regulatory requirements.

(3)	The impact of assuming a 10 basis point increase or decrease in discount margin for business and government loans is $2 million.

(4)	Range of input values represents price per security adjustment.

na – not applicable

Significant Transfers

Our policy is to record transfers of assets and liabilities between fair value hierarchy levels at their fair values as at the end of each reporting period, consistent with the date of the determination of fair value. Transfers between the various fair value hierarchy levels reflect changes in the availability of quoted market prices or observable market inputs that result from changes in market conditions. Transfers from Level 1 to Level 2 were due to reduced observability of the inputs used to value the securities. Transfers from Level 2 to Level 1 were due to increased availability of quoted prices in active markets.

The following table presents significant transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019.


(Canadian $ in millions)
For the three months ended	July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019
	Level 1 to Level 2	Level 2 to Level 1	Level 1 to Level 2	Level 2 to Level 1
Trading Securities	994	2,682	1,734	901
FVTPL Securities	19	241	218	38
FVOCI Securities	1,768	4,294	1,834	2,335
Securities sold but not yet purchased	681	2,067	6,362	98


(Canadian $ in millions)
For the nine months ended	July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019
	Level 1 to Level 2	Level 2 to Level 1	Level 1 to Level 2	Level 2 to Level 1
Trading Securities	5,761	3,952	5,392	4,260
FVTPL Securities	518	302	682	390
FVOCI Securities	9,032	7,012	9,723	3,910
Securities sold but not yet purchased	4,432	2,982	9,905	2,501

64 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Changes in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

The table below presents a reconciliation of all changes in Level 3 financial instruments during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2020, including realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings and other comprehensive income as well as transfers into and out of Level 3. Transfers from Level 2 into Level 3 were due to an increase in unobservable market inputs used in pricing the securities. Transfers out of Level 3 into Level 2 were due to an increase in observable market inputs used in pricing the securities.


			Change in fair value
(Canadian $ in millions) For the three months ended July 31, 2020	Balance April 30, 2020		Included in earnings			Included in other comprehensive income (1)			Issuances/ Purchases		Sales (2)			Maturities/ Settlement			Transfers into Level 3		Transfers out of Level 3			Fair Value as at July 31, 2020		Change in unrealized gains (losses) recorded in income for instruments still held (3)
Trading Securities
NHA MBS and U.S. agency MBS and CMO		487		(115	)		(18	)		362		(151	)		-			41		(22	)		584		(74	)
Corporate debt		48		10			(2	)		-		(56	)		-			-		-			-		-
Total trading securities		535		(105	)		(20	)		362		(207	)		-			41		(22	)		584		(74	)
FVTPL Securities
Corporate equity		2,062		(23	)		(57	)		58		(233	)		-			-		-			1,807		2
Total FVTPL securities		2,062		(23	)		(57	)		58		(233	)		-			-		-			1,807		2
FVOCI Securities
Issued or guaranteed by:
U.S. states, municipalities and agencies		1		-			-			-		-			-			-		-			1		na
Corporate equity		83		-			-			4		-			-			-		-			87		na
Total FVOCI securities		84		-			-			4		-			-			-		-			88		na
Business and government loans		2,028		-			95			765		-			(685	)		-		-			2,203		-
Fair Value Liabilities
Securities sold but not yet purchased		-		-			-			-		-			-			-		-			-		-
Total fair value liabilities		-		-			-			-		-			-			-		-			-		-
Derivative Liabilities
Equity contracts		-		-			-			-		-			-			-		-			-		-
Credit default swaps		4		-			-			-		-			-			-		(1	)		3		-
Total derivative liabilities		4		-			-			-		-			-			-		(1	)		3		-

(1)	Foreign exchange translation on trading securities held by foreign subsidiaries is included in other comprehensive income, net foreign operations.

(2)	Includes proceeds recovered on securities sold but not yet purchased.

(3)	Changes in unrealized gains (losses) on Trading and FVTPL securities still held on July 31, 2020 are included in earnings for the period.

Unrealized gains (losses) recognized on Level 3 financial instruments may be offset by related (losses) gains on hedge contracts.

na – Not applicable


			Change in fair value
(Canadian $ in millions) For the nine months ended July 31, 2020	Balance October 31, 2019		Included in earnings			Included in other comprehensive income (1)			Issuances/ Purchases		Sales (2)			Maturities/ Settlement			Transfers into Level 3		Transfers out of Level 3			Fair Value as at July 31, 2020		Change in unrealized gains (losses) recorded in income for instruments still held (3)
Trading Securities
NHA MBS and U.S. agency MBS and CMO		538		(245	)		12			811		(540	)		-			202		(194	)		584		(158	)
Corporate debt		7		10			(2	)		50		(68	)		-			3		-			-		(1	)
Total trading securities		545		(235	)		10			861		(608	)		-			205		(194	)		584		(159	)
FVTPL Securities
Corporate equity		1,984		(27	)		23			244		(418	)		-			1		-			1,807		7
Total FVTPL		1,984		(27	)		23			244		(418	)		-			1		-			1,807		7
FVOCI Securities
Issued or guaranteed by:
U.S. states, municipalities and agencies		1		-			-			-		-			-			-		-			1		na
Corporate equity		81		-			-			6		-			-			-		-			87		na
Total FVOCI securities		82		-			-			6		-			-			-		-			88		na
Business and government loans		1,736		(3	)		183			1,705		-			(1,418	)		-		-			2,203		–
Fair Value Liabilities
Securities sold but not yet purchased		-		-			-			-		-			-			-		-			-		–
Total fair value liabilities		-		-			-			-		-			-			-		-			-		–
Derivative Liabilities
Equity contracts		-		-			-			-		-			-			-		-			-		–
Credit default swaps		1		-			-			-		-			-			3		(1	)		3		–
Total derivative liabilities		1		-			-			-		-			-			3		(1	)		3		–

(1)	Foreign exchange translation on trading securities held by foreign subsidiaries is included in other comprehensive income, net foreign operations.

(2)	Includes proceeds recovered on securities sold but not yet purchased.

(3)	Changes in unrealized gains (losses) on Trading and FVTPL securities still held on July 31, 2020 are included in earnings for the period.

Unrealized gains (losses) recognized on Level 3 financial instruments may be offset by related (losses) gains on hedge contracts.

na – Not applicable

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 65

The table below presents a reconciliation of all changes in Level 3 financial instruments during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2019, including realized and unrealized gains (losses) included in earnings and other comprehensive income.


			Change in fair value
(Canadian $ in millions) For the three months ended July 31, 2019	Balance April 30, 2019		Included in earnings			Included in other comprehensive income (1)			Issuances/ Purchases		Sales (2)			Maturities/ Settlement			Transfers into Level 3		Transfers out of Level 3			Fair Value as at July 31, 2019		Change in unrealized gains (losses) recorded in income for instruments still held (3)
Trading Securities
NHA MBS and U.S. agency MBS and CMO		215		(15	)		(3	)		97		(96	)		-			53		(5	)		246		(6	)
Corporate debt		7		-			-			26		(6	)		-			-		(1	)		26		-
Total trading securities		222		(15	)		(3	)		123		(102	)		-			53		(6	)		272		(6	)
FVTPL Securities
Corporate equity		1,907		10			(21	)		77		(66	)		(1	)		-		-			1,906		16
Total FVTPL		1,907		10			(21	)		77		(66	)		(1	)		-		-			1,906		16
FVOCI Securities
Issued or guaranteed by:
U.S. states, municipalities and agencies		1		-			-			-		-			-			-		-			1		na
Corporate equity		69		-			-			10		-			-			-		-			79		na
Total FVOCI securities		70		-			-			10		-			-			-		-			80		na
Business and government loans		2,172		-			(31	)		155		-			(132	)		-		-			2,164		-
Fair Value Liabilities
Securities sold but not yet purchased		-		-			-			-		172			-			-		-			172		-
Total fair value liabilities		-		-			-			-		172			-			-		-			172		-
Derivative Liabilities
Equity contracts		-		-			-			-		-			-			-		-			-		-
Credit default swaps		-		-			-			-		-			-			1		-			1		-
Total derivative liabilities		-		-			-			-		-			-			1		-			1		-

(1)	Foreign exchange translation on trading securities held by foreign subsidiaries is included in other comprehensive income, net foreign operations.

(2)	Includes proceeds recovered on securities sold but not yet purchased.

(3)	Changes in unrealized gains (losses) on Trading and FVTPL securities still held on July 31, 2019 are included in earnings for the period.

Unrealized gains (losses) recognized on Level 3 financial instruments may be offset by related (losses) gains on hedge contracts.

na – Not applicable


			Change in fair value
(Canadian $ in millions) For the nine months ended July 31, 2019	Balance October 31, 2018		Included in earnings			Included in other comprehensive income (1)		Issuances/ Purchases			Sales (2)			Maturities/ Settlement			Transfers into Level 3		Transfers out of Level 3			Fair Value as at July 31, 2019		Change in unrealized gains (losses) recorded in income for instruments still held (3)
Trading Securities
NHA MBS and U.S. agency MBS and CMO		255		(22	)		1		280			(326	)		-			98		(40	)		246		(13	)
Corporate debt		7		-			-		32			(12	)		-			-		(1	)		26		-
Total trading securities		262		(22	)		1		312			(338	)		-			98		(41	)		272		(13	)
FVTPL Securities
Corporate equity		1,825		20			2		324			(264	)		(1	)		-		-			1,906		36
Total FVTPL		1,825		20			2		324			(264	)		(1	)		-		-			1,906		36
FVOCI Securities
Issued or guaranteed by:
U.S. states, municipalities and agencies		1		-			-		-			-			-			-		-			1		na
Corporate equity		62		-			-		17			-			-			-		-			79		na
Total FVOCI securities		63		-			-		17			-			-			-		-			80		na
Business and government loans		1,450		7			13		1,369			-			(675	)		-		-			2,164		-
Fair Value Liabilities
Securities sold but not yet purchased		-		-			-		(7	)		179			-			-		-			172		-
Total fair value liabilities		-		-			-		(7	)		179			-			-		-			172		-
Derivative Liabilities
Equity contracts		1		-			-		-			-			-			-		(1	)		-		-
Credit default swaps		1		-			-		-			-			-			1		(1	)		1		-
Total derivative liabilities		2		-			-		-			-			-			1		(2	)		1		-

(1)	Foreign exchange translation on trading securities held by foreign subsidiaries is included in other comprehensive income, net foreign operations.

(2)	Includes proceeds recovered on securities sold but not yet purchased.

(3)	Changes in unrealized gains (losses) on Trading and FVTPL securities still held on July 31, 2019 are included in earnings for the period.

Unrealized gains (losses) recognized on Level 3 financial instruments may be offset by related (losses) gains on hedge contracts.

na – Not applicable

66 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Note 8: Capital Management

Our objective is to maintain a strong capital position in a cost-effective structure that: is appropriate given our target regulatory capital ratios and internal assessment of required economic capital; underpins our operating groups’ business strategies; supports depositor, investor and regulator confidence, while building long-term shareholder value; and is consistent with our target credit ratings.

As at July 31, 2020, we met OSFI’s target capital ratio requirements, which include a 2.5% Capital Conservation Buffer, a 1.0% Common Equity Surcharge for Domestic Systemically Important Banks (“D-SIBs”), a Countercyclical Buffer and a 1.0% Domestic Stability Buffer applicable to D-SIBs. Our capital position as at July 31, 2020 is detailed in the Capital Management section on pages 15 through 18 of our interim Management’s Discussion and Analysis.

Note 9: Employee Compensation

Stock Options

We did not grant any stock options during the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019. During the nine months ended July 31, 2020, we granted a total of 976,087 stock options (931,047 stock options during the nine months ended July 31, 2019). The weighted-average fair value of options granted during the nine months ended July 31, 2020 was $9.46 per option ($10.23 per option for the nine months ended July 31, 2019).

To determine the fair value of the stock option tranches (i.e. the portion that vests each year) on the grant date, the following ranges of values were used for each option pricing assumption:


For stock options granted during the nine months ended	July 31, 2020		July 31, 2019
Expected dividend yield		4.3%		5.7%
Expected share price volatility		15.4%		20.0% - 20.1%
Risk-free rate of return		1.9% - 2.0%		2.5%
Expected period until exercise (in years)		6.5 - 7.0		6.5 - 7.0
Exercise price ($)		101.47		89.90

Changes to the input assumptions can result in different fair value estimates.

Pension and Other Employee Future Benefit Expenses

Pension and other employee future benefit expenses are determined as follows:


(Canadian $ in millions)
	Pension benefit plans					Other employee future benefit plans
For the three months ended	July 31, 2020		July 31, 2019			July 31, 2020		July 31, 2019
Current service cost		62		48			2		2
Net interest (income) expense on net defined benefit (asset) liability		1		(5	)		8		10
Administrative expenses		1		1			-		-
Benefits expense		64		44			10		12
Canada and Quebec pension plan expense		22		23			-		-
Defined contribution expense		37		37			-		-
Total pension and other employee future benefit expenses recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income		123		104			10		12

(Canadian $ in millions)
	Pension benefit plans					Other employee future benefit plans
For the nine months ended	July 31, 2020		July 31, 2019			July 31, 2020		July 31, 2019
Current service cost		187		144			8		7
Net interest (income) expense on net defined benefit (asset) liability		1		(14	)		24		29
Past service income		-		(5	)		-		-
Administrative expenses		3		3			-		-
Benefits expense		191		128			32		36
Canada and Quebec pension plan expense		75		70			-		-
Defined contribution expense		135		127			-		-
Total pension and other employee future benefit expenses recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income		401		325			32		36

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 67

Note 10: Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to equity holders of the bank, after deducting dividends on preferred shares and distributions payable on other equity instruments, by the daily average number of fully paid common shares outstanding throughout the period.

Diluted earnings per share is calculated in the same manner, with further adjustments made to reflect the dilutive impact of instruments convertible into our common shares.

The following tables present our basic and diluted earnings per share:

Basic Earnings Per Common Share


(Canadian $ in millions, except as noted)	For the three months ended						For the nine months ended
	July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019			July 31, 2020			July 31, 2019
Net income attributable to equity holders of the bank		1,232			1,557			3,513			4,564
Dividends on preferred shares and distributions payable on other equity instruments		(73	)		(59	)		(195	)		(159)
Net income available to common shareholders		1,159			1,498			3,318			4,405
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (in thousands)		641,300			638,900			640,129			638,803
Basic earnings per share (Canadian $)		1.81			2.34			5.18			6.90
Diluted Earnings Per Common Share
Net income available to common shareholders adjusted for impact of dilutive instruments		1,159			1,498			3,318			4,405
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (in thousands)		641,300			638,900			640,129			638,803
Effect of dilutive instruments
Stock options potentially exercisable (1)		2,400			5,734			3,473			5,697
Common shares potentially repurchased		(2,046	)		(4,184	)		(2,721	)		(4,137)
Weighted-average number of diluted common shares outstanding (in thousands)		641,654			640,450			640,881			640,363
Diluted earnings per share (Canadian $)		1.81			2.34			5.18			6.88

(1)

In computing diluted earnings per share we excluded average stock options outstanding of 4,238,334 and 3,124,912 with a weighted-average exercise price of $94.30 and $99.72, respectively, for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2020 (687,059 and 908,194 with a weighted-average exercise price of $104.14 and $102.98, respectively, for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2019) as the average share price for the period did not exceed the exercise price.

Note 11: Income Taxes

The Canada Revenue Agency (“CRA”) has reassessed us for additional income tax and interest in an amount of approximately $941 million, to date, in respect of certain 2011-2015 Canadian corporate dividends. In its reassessments, the CRA denied dividend deductions on the basis that the dividends were received as part of a “dividend rental arrangement”. The tax rules raised by the CRA were prospectively addressed in the 2015 and 2018 Canadian Federal Budgets. In the future, we expect to be reassessed for significant income tax for similar activities in subsequent years. We remain of the view that our tax filing positions were appropriate and intend to challenge all reassessments.

Note 12: Operating Segmentation

Operating Groups

We conduct our business through three operating groups, each of which has a distinct mandate. Our operating groups are Personal and Commercial Banking (“P&C”) (comprised of Canadian Personal and Commercial Banking (“Canadian P&C”) and U.S. Personal and Commercial Banking (“U.S. P&C”)), BMO Wealth Management and BMO Capital Markets (“BMO CM”), along with a Corporate Services unit.

For additional information refer to Note 25 of our annual consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2019 on pages 199 to 202 of the Annual Report.

68 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020

Our results and average assets, grouped by operating segment, are as follows:


(Canadian $ in millions)
For the three months ended July 31, 2020	Canadian P&C		U.S. P&C		BMO Wealth Management			BMO CM		Corporate Services (1)			Total
Net interest income (2)		1,509		1,107		229			952		(262	)		3,535
Non-interest revenue		453		292		2,255			576		78			3,654
Total Revenue		1,962		1,399		2,484			1,528		(184	)		7,189
Provision for credit losses on impaired loans		257		109		1			79		-			446
Provision for credit losses on performing loans		313		223		7			58		7			608
Total Provision for credit losses		570		332		8			137		7			1,054
Insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities		-		-		1,189			-		-			1,189
Depreciation and amortization		117		131		93			59		-			400
Other non-interest expense		843		621		744			766		70			3,044
Income (loss) before taxes		432		315		450			566		(261	)		1,502
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes		112		52		109			140		(143	)		270
Reported net income (loss)		320		263		341			426		(118	)		1,232
Average Assets		252,028		140,615		46,308			379,131		159,682			977,764

For the three months ended July 31, 2019	Canadian P&C		U.S. P&C		BMO Wealth Management			BMO CM		Corporate Services (1)			Total
Net interest income (2)		1,500		1,066		237			537		(123	)		3,217
Non-interest revenue		543		298		1,876			670		62			3,449
Total Revenue		2,043		1,364		2,113			1,207		(61	)		6,666
Provision for credit losses on impaired loans		174		61		-			7		1			243
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on performing loans		30		37		(2	)		3		(5	)		63
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses		204		98		(2	)		10		(4	)		306
Insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities		-		-		887			-		-			887
Depreciation and amortization		87		111		68			35		-			301
Other non-interest expense		874		693		817			764		42			3,190
Income (loss) before taxes		878		462		343			398		(99	)		1,982
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes		228		94		93			84		(74	)		425
Reported net income (loss)		650		368		250			314		(25	)		1,557
Average Assets		239,948		129,098		41,891			343,292		82,734			836,963

(Canadian $ in millions)
For the nine months ended July 31, 2020	Canadian P&C		U.S. P&C		BMO Wealth Management			BMO CM		Corporate Services (1)			Total
Net interest income		4,561		3,287		672			2,503		(582	)		10,441
Non-interest revenue		1,443		912		4,727			1,445		232			8,759
Total Revenue		6,004		4,199		5,399			3,948		(350	)		19,200
Provision for credit losses on impaired loans		607		365		4			205		2			1,183
Provision for credit losses on performing loans		612		315		13			390		8			1,338
Total Provision for credit losses		1,219		680		17			595		10			2,521
Insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities		-		-		1,708			-		-			1,708
Depreciation and amortization		373		417		250			171		-			1,211
Non-interest expense		2,549		1,913		2,387			2,264		305			9,418
Income (loss) before taxes		1,863		1,189		1,037			918		(665	)		4,342
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes		482		236		261			210		(360	)		829
Reported net income (loss)		1,381		953		776			708		(305	)		3,513
Average Assets		251,325		139,196		45,234			370,363		129,399			935,517

For the nine months ended July 31, 2019	Canadian P&C		U.S. P&C		BMO Wealth Management			BMO CM		Corporate Services (1)			Total
Net interest income		4,342		3,160		699			1,695		(372	)		9,524
Non-interest revenue		1,564		858		5,396			1,885		169			9,872
Total Revenue		5,906		4,018		6,095			3,580		(203	)		19,396
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on impaired loans		410		94		1			20		(5	)		520
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses on performing loans		52		33		(1	)		20		(5	)		99
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses		462		127		-			40		(10	)		619
Insurance claims, commissions and changes in policy benefit liabilities		-		-		2,374			-		-			2,374
Depreciation and amortization		250		338		200			107		-			895
Non-interest expense		2,610		2,008		2,463			2,380		287			9,748
Income (loss) before taxes		2,584		1,545		1,058			1,053		(480	)		5,760
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes		670		327		265			233		(299	)		1,196
Reported net income (loss)		1,914		1,218		793			820		(181	)		4,564
Average Assets		235,562		124,590		40,345			342,829		82,778			826,104

(1)	Corporate Services includes Technology and Operations.

(2)

Operating groups report on a taxable equivalent basis (“teb”). Revenue and the provision for income taxes are increased on tax-exempt securities to an equivalent before-tax basis to facilitate comparisons of income between taxable and tax-exempt sources. The offset to the groups’ teb adjustments is reflected in Corporate Services revenue and provision for income taxes.

Certain comparative figures have been reclassified to conform with the current period’s presentation.

BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020 69

Note 13: Legal Proceedings

The bank and its subsidiaries are party to legal proceedings, including regulatory investigations, in the ordinary course of business. Last quarter, an Ontario court made a liability finding and awarded an accounting of profits in a class action involving BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc., BMO InvestorLine Inc. and BMO Trust Company regarding disclosures of foreign exchange conversion spreads when converting foreign exchange in registered accounts. The monetary award will be determined at a court hearing in Q1 2021 based on profits earned during the class period, less reasonable expenses, plus pre-judgment interest. The lawsuit claimed monetary awards up to $419 million (at May 2019). We have appealed the decision. The Plaintiffs have also appealed. An appropriate provision is in place.

While there is inherent difficulty in predicting the ultimate outcome of this or other proceedings, management does not expect the outcome of any of these proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, to have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or the results of operations of the bank.

Note 14: Acquisition

On April 6, 2020, we completed the acquisition of Clearpool Group Inc. (“Clearpool”), a New York-based provider of electronic trading solutions, operating in the United States and Canada, for cash consideration of US$139 million (CAD$196 million) plus contingent consideration of approximately US$8 million (CAD$11 million) based on meeting certain revenue targets over four years. The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination, and the acquired business and corresponding goodwill are included in our Capital Markets reporting segment.

As part of this acquisition, we acquired intangible assets of $85 million and goodwill of $138 million. The intangible assets are being amortized over three to twelve years. Goodwill related to this acquisition is not deductible for tax purposes.

The fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition are as follows:


(Canadian $ in millions)
	Clearpool
Goodwill and intangible assets		223
Other assets		44
Total assets		267
Liabilities		60
Purchase price		207

The purchase price allocation for Clearpool is subject to refinement as we complete the valuation of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

70 BMO Financial Group Third Quarter Report 2020


	BANK OF MONTREAL

	By:	/s/ Thomas E. Flynn
	Name:	Thomas E. Flynn
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer

Date: August 25, 2020	By:	/s/ Barbara M. Muir
	Name:	Barbara M. Muir
	Title:	Corporate Secretary


Exhibit		Description of Exhibit

99.1		Third Quarter 2020 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition

99.2		Third Quarter 2020 Consolidated Financial Statements

99.3		Consolidated Capitalization of Bank of Montreal

101.		Interactive Data File


For the month of: August, 2020		Commission File Number: 001-13354


	As at July 31, 2020
	(in millions of Canadian dollars)
Subordinated Debt		8,513

Total Equity
Preferred Shares⁽¹⁾ and Other Equity Instruments⁽²⁾		5,348
Common Shares		13,200
Contributed Surplus		302
Retained Earnings		29,902
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		5,835

Total Equity		54,587
Total Capitalization		63,100