CCCI’s accounting policies establish principles for recognizing revenue in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and subsequently issued additional related ASUs. The majority of CCCI’s contracts have a single performance obligation, as the promise to transfer the individual goods or services is not separately identifiable from other promises in the contract and, therefore, is not distinct. However, occasionally CCCI has contracts with multiple performance obligations.
For contracts with multiple performance obligations, CCCI allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation using the observable stand-alone selling price, if available, or alternatively the best estimate of the stand-alone selling price of each distinct performance obligation in the contract. The primary method used to estimate stand-alone selling price is the expected cost plus a margin approach for each performance obligation.
Revenue related to contracts with customers is recognized over time as work is completed due to the continuous transfer of control to the customer, typically using an input measure such as costs incurred to date relative to total estimated costs at completion to measure progress. Costs that do not depict progress toward satisfaction of the performance obligation are included in contract costs but may not result in revenue being recognized, such as significant re-work.
Revenue from contracts with customers is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer, and excludes any amount collected on behalf of third parties. Taxes assessed by a governmental authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue producing transaction, that are collected by CCCI from a customer, are excluded from revenue.
Costs of revenues earned include all direct material and labor costs and those indirect costs related to contract performance, such as indirect labor, supplies, tools, repairs, and depreciation costs. The cost of significant uninstalled materials, re-work, or scrap is generally excluded from the cost-to-cost measure of progress as it is not proportionate to the entity’s progress in satisfying the performance obligation.
Costs to fulfill a contract, including mobilization costs, prior to substantive work beginning are capitalized as incurred and amortized over the expected duration of the contract. General and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined.
Contract Estimates Including Claims, Unapproved Change Orders and Variable Consideration
CCCI accounts for long-term contracts through the use of various techniques to estimate total transaction price, total estimated costs at completion, and progress toward satisfaction of performance obligations which are used to recognize revenue earned. Unforeseen events and circumstances can alter the estimate of the costs associated with a particular contract. Total estimated costs at completion can be impacted by changes in productivity, scheduling, the unit cost of labor, subcontracts, materials, and equipment. Additionally, external factors such as weather, customer needs, customer delays in providing permits and approvals, labor availability, governmental regulation and politics may affect the progress of a project’s completion and push the timing and amount of revenue recognition.
To the extent that original cost estimates are modified, estimated costs to complete the increase, delivery schedules are delayed, or progress under a contract is otherwise impeded, cash flow, revenue recognition, and profitability from a particular contract may be adversely affected.
The nature of CCCI’s contracts gives rise to several types of variable consideration that can either increase or decrease the transaction price. Transaction price for contracts is required to include evaluation of variable consideration to which CCCI has an enforceable right to compensation or obligation for a reduction, which can result in increases or decreases to a contract’s transaction price. The effect of a change in variable consideration on the transaction price of a performance obligation is recognized as an adjustment to revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis.
Contract modifications can result in contract specifications or requirements that either create new or changes existing enforceable rights and obligations of the parties to the contract. CCCI considers unapproved change orders to be contract modifications for which customers have agreed to changes in the scope of the contract but have not agreed to the price.
Costs associated with contract modifications are included in the estimated costs to complete the contracts and are treated as project costs when incurred. In most instances, contract modifications are for goods or services that are not distinct and, therefore, are accounted for as a part of the existing contract. In those instances, the effect of a contract modification on the transaction price, and the measure of progress for the performance obligation to which it relates, is recognized as an adjustment to revenue on a cumulative catch-up basis.
Contract assets and contract liabilities
CCCI bills customers on long-term construction contracts depending upon agreed-upon contractual terms, which may include milestone billings based on the completion of certain phases of the work, or when services are provided. When as a result of contingencies, billings cannot occur until after the related revenue has been recognized, the result is unbilled revenue, which is included in contract assets. Additionally, CCCI may receive advances or deposits from customers before revenue is recognized, resulting in deferred revenue, which is included in contract liabilities.