(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation) | (Commission File Number) | (IRS Employer Identification No.) |
_________________________________________ (Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report) |
Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | |||
Exhibit No. | Description | |
99.1 | ||
99.2 | ||
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) | |
Cohen & Steers, Inc. (Registrant) | |
Date: January 22, 2020 | By: | /s/ Matthew S. Stadler |
Name: Matthew S. Stadler Title: Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||


• | Diluted EPS of $0.75 ($0.74, as adjusted) for the fourth quarter; $2.79 ($2.57, as adjusted) for the full year |
• | Operating margin of 42.3% (43.1%, as adjusted) for the fourth quarter; 39.0% (39.6%, as adjusted) for the full year |
• | AUM of $72.2 billion; average AUM of $71.0 billion for the fourth quarter |
• | Net inflows of $1.6 billion for the fourth quarter |
Financial Highlights | ||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages and per share data) | Three Months Ended | Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | September 30, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
U.S. GAAP | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue | $ | 109,847 | $ | 104,965 | $ | 93,906 | $ | 410,830 | $ | 381,111 | ||||||||||
Expenses | $ | 63,385 | $ | 64,832 | $ | 59,597 | $ | 250,696 | $ | 234,073 | ||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | $ | 46,462 | $ | 40,133 | $ | 34,309 | $ | 160,134 | $ | 147,038 | ||||||||||
Non-operating income (loss) | $ | 1,352 | $ | 6,617 | $ | (3,329 | ) | $ | 27,415 | $ | (3,259 | ) | ||||||||
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 36,728 | $ | 34,017 | $ | 25,561 | $ | 134,621 | $ | 113,896 | ||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.75 | $ | 0.70 | $ | 0.54 | $ | 2.79 | $ | 2.40 | ||||||||||
Operating margin | 42.3 | % | 38.2 | % | 36.5 | % | 39.0 | % | 38.6 | % | ||||||||||
As Adjusted (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 35,997 | $ | 31,257 | $ | 26,703 | $ | 124,360 | $ | 113,849 | ||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 0.74 | $ | 0.65 | $ | 0.56 | $ | 2.57 | $ | 2.40 | ||||||||||
Operating margin | 43.1 | % | 38.8 | % | 36.8 | % | 39.6 | % | 39.1 | % | ||||||||||
_________________________ (1) The “As Adjusted” amounts represent non-GAAP financial measures. Refer to pages 19-20 for reconciliations to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures. | ||||||||||||||||||||
• | Institutional account revenue increased $1.8 million to $29.3 million; and |
• | Open-end fund revenue increased $2.6 million to $51.1 million. |
• | Lower employee compensation and benefits of $2.9 million, primarily due to an adjustment to reflect actual incentive compensation to be paid; |
• | Higher distribution and service fees of $229,000, primarily due to higher average assets under management in U.S. open-end funds, partially offset by the impact of redemptions from a higher cost intermediary; and |
• | Higher general and administrative expenses of $1.2 million, primarily due to higher travel and entertainment as well as costs associated with the Cohen & Steers Quality Income Realty Fund, Inc. rights offering. |
Non-operating Income (Loss) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | Three Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | September 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Seed Investments | Other | Total | Seed Investments | Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest and dividend income—net | $ | 594 | $ | 948 | $ | 1,542 | $ | 691 | $ | 1,022 | $ | 1,713 | ||||||||||||
Gain (loss) from investments—net | 1,463 | — | 1,463 | 4,472 | — | 4,472 | ||||||||||||||||||
Foreign currency gains (losses)—net | 773 | (2,426 | ) | (1,653 | ) | (945 | ) | 1,377 | 432 | |||||||||||||||
Total non-operating income (loss) | $ | 2,830 | (1) | $ | (1,478 | ) | $ | 1,352 | $ | 4,218 | (1) | $ | 2,399 | $ | 6,617 | |||||||||
_________________________ (1) Amounts included income of $1.2 million and $2.4 million attributable to third-party interests for the three months ended December 31, 2019 and September 30, 2019, respectively. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
• | The impact of consolidation of certain of the Company's seed investments for all periods; |
• | Amounts related to the accelerated vesting of certain restricted stock units for both the third and fourth quarters of 2019 as well as for the year ended December 31, 2019; and |
• | Costs associated with the Cohen & Steers Quality Income Reality Fund, Inc. rights offering for the fourth quarter and full year 2019 as well as expenses incurred associated with the evaluation of a potential business transaction that the Company did not pursue for the year ended December 31, 2018. |
• | Results from the Company's seed investments; and |
• | Net foreign currency exchange gains and losses associated with U.S. dollar-denominated assets held by certain foreign subsidiaries. |
• | Tax effects associated with non-GAAP adjustments as well as discrete items for all periods; |
• | Tax effects related to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act for the year ended December 31, 2018; and |
• | The reversal of certain liabilities associated with unrecognized tax benefits for the fourth quarter of 2019 as well as for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. |
Assets Under Management | |||||||||||
(in millions) | As of | ||||||||||
By Investment Vehicle | December 31, 2019 | September 30, 2019 | % Change | ||||||||
Institutional accounts | $ | 31,813 | $ | 31,533 | 0.9 | % | |||||
Open-end funds | 30,725 | 29,598 | 3.8 | % | |||||||
Closed-end funds | 9,644 | 9,707 | (0.6 | %) | |||||||
Total | $ | 72,182 | $ | 70,838 | 1.9 | % | |||||
By Investment Strategy | |||||||||||
U.S. real estate | $ | 31,024 | $ | 30,964 | 0.2 | % | |||||
Preferred securities | 17,581 | 16,749 | 5.0 | % | |||||||
Global/international real estate | 13,509 | 13,141 | 2.8 | % | |||||||
Global listed infrastructure | 8,076 | 7,774 | 3.9 | % | |||||||
Other | 1,992 | 2,210 | (9.9 | %) | |||||||
Total | $ | 72,182 | $ | 70,838 | 1.9 | % | |||||
• | Advisory: |
◦ | Net inflows of $91 million, including $76 million into global/international real estate; and |
◦ | Market appreciation of $335 million, including $165 million from global/international real estate, $70 million from global listed infrastructure and $61 million from preferred securities. |
• | Japan subadvisory: |
◦ | Net inflows of $341 million, including $366 million into U.S. real estate, partially offset by net outflows of $71 million from preferred securities; and |
◦ | Distributions of $308 million, including $292 million from U.S. real estate. |
• | Subadvisory excluding Japan: |
◦ | Net outflows of $302 million, including $129 million from preferred securities and $100 million from global/international real estate; and |
◦ | Market appreciation of $130 million, including $78 million from global/international real estate and $48 million from global listed infrastructure. |
• | Net inflows of $1.6 billion, including $744 million into preferred securities and $683 million into U.S. real estate; |
• | Market appreciation of $532 million, including $321 million from preferred securities and $104 million from U.S. real estate; and |
• | Distributions of $947 million, including $662 million from U.S. real estate, $143 million from global/international real estate and $132 million from preferred securities. |

(1) | Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Outperformance is determined by comparing the annualized investment performance of each investment strategy to the performance of specified reference benchmarks. Investment performance in excess of the performance of the benchmark is considered outperformance. The investment performance calculation of each investment strategy is based on all active accounts and investment models pursuing similar investment objectives. For accounts, actual investment performance is measured gross of fees and net of withholding taxes. For investment models, for which actual investment performance does not exist, the investment performance of a composite of accounts pursuing comparable investment objectives is used as a proxy for actual investment performance. The performance of the specified reference benchmark for each account and investment model is measured net of withholding taxes, where applicable. This is not investment advice and may not be construed as sales or marketing material for any financial product or service sponsored or provided by Cohen & Steers. |
(2) | © 2020 Morningstar, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3) is not warranted to be accurate, complete, or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information. Morningstar calculates its ratings based on a risk-adjusted return measure that accounts for variation in a fund's monthly performance (including the effects of sales charges, loads, and redemption fees), placing more emphasis on downward variations and rewarding consistent performance. The top 10% of funds in each category receive five stars, the next 22.5% receive four stars, the next 35% receive three stars, the next 22.5% receive two stars and the bottom 10% receive one star. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Based on independent rating by Morningstar, Inc. of investment performance of each Cohen & Steers-sponsored open-end U.S.-registered mutual fund for all share classes for the overall period as of December 31, 2019. Overall Morningstar rating is a weighted average based on the 3-year, 5-year and 10-year Morningstar rating. Each share class is counted as a fraction of one fund within this scale and rated separately, which may cause slight variations in the distribution percentages. This is not investment advice and may not be construed as sales or marketing material for any financial product or service sponsored or provided by Cohen & Steers. |
Cohen & Steers, Inc. and Subsidiaries | ||||||||||||||||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||||
For the Periods | ||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended | % Change From | |||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | September 30, 2019 | December 31, 2018 (1) | September 30, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||
Revenue | ||||||||||||||||||
Investment advisory and administration fees | $ | 101,157 | $ | 96,763 | $ | 86,418 | ||||||||||||
Distribution and service fees | 7,976 | 7,681 | 6,982 | |||||||||||||||
Other | 714 | 521 | 506 | |||||||||||||||
Total revenue | 109,847 | 104,965 | 93,906 | 4.7 | % | 17.0 | % | |||||||||||
Expenses | ||||||||||||||||||
Employee compensation and benefits | 34,993 | 37,877 | 34,504 | |||||||||||||||
Distribution and service fees | 14,371 | 14,142 | 11,551 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative | 12,942 | 11,713 | 12,474 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 1,079 | 1,100 | 1,068 | |||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 63,385 | 64,832 | 59,597 | (2.2 | %) | 6.4 | % | |||||||||||
Operating income (loss) | 46,462 | 40,133 | 34,309 | 15.8 | % | 35.4 | % | |||||||||||
Non-operating income (loss) | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest and dividend income—net | 1,542 | 1,713 | 2,992 | |||||||||||||||
Gain (loss) from investments—net | 1,463 | 4,472 | (9,572 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Foreign currency gains (losses)—net | (1,653 | ) | 432 | 3,251 | ||||||||||||||
Total non-operating income (loss) | 1,352 | 6,617 | (3,329 | ) | (79.6 | %) | * | |||||||||||
Income before provision for income taxes | 47,814 | 46,750 | 30,980 | 2.3 | % | 54.3 | % | |||||||||||
Provision for income taxes | 9,854 | 10,352 | 5,682 | |||||||||||||||
Net income | 37,960 | 36,398 | 25,298 | 4.3 | % | 50.1 | % | |||||||||||
Less: Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests | (1,232 | ) | (2,381 | ) | 263 | |||||||||||||
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 36,728 | $ | 34,017 | $ | 25,561 | 8.0 | % | 43.7 | % | ||||||||
Earnings per share attributable to common stockholders | ||||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | 0.78 | $ | 0.72 | $ | 0.55 | 8.0 | % | 42.2 | % | ||||||||
Diluted | $ | 0.75 | $ | 0.70 | $ | 0.54 | 7.3 | % | 40.3 | % | ||||||||
Dividends declared per share | ||||||||||||||||||
Quarterly | $ | 0.36 | $ | 0.36 | $ | 0.33 | — | % | 9.1 | % | ||||||||
Special | $ | 2.00 | $ | — | $ | 2.50 | * | (20.0 | %) | |||||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding | ||||||||||||||||||
Basic | 47,324 | 47,316 | 46,842 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted | 48,703 | 48,412 | 47,562 | |||||||||||||||
_________________________ * Not meaningful. (1) Revenue amounts related to model-based portfolios were reclassified from other (previously reported as portfolio consulting and other) to investment advisory and administration fees for the fourth quarter of 2018. | ||||||||||||||||||
Cohen & Steers, Inc. and Subsidiaries | |||||||||||
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) | |||||||||||
For the Periods | |||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||
Year Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 (1) | % Change | |||||||||
Revenue | |||||||||||
Investment advisory and administration fees | $ | 378,578 | $ | 349,870 | |||||||
Distribution and service fees | 30,048 | 29,090 | |||||||||
Other | 2,204 | 2,151 | |||||||||
Total revenue | 410,830 | 381,111 | 7.8 | % | |||||||
Expenses | |||||||||||
Employee compensation and benefits | 143,431 | 131,292 | |||||||||
Distribution and service fees | 55,237 | 50,043 | |||||||||
General and administrative | 47,632 | 48,265 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 4,396 | 4,473 | |||||||||
Total expenses | 250,696 | 234,073 | 7.1 | % | |||||||
Operating income (loss) | 160,134 | 147,038 | 8.9 | % | |||||||
Non-operating income (loss) | |||||||||||
Interest and dividend income—net | 6,716 | 10,426 | |||||||||
Gain (loss) from investments—net | 21,673 | (14,264 | ) | ||||||||
Foreign currency gains (losses)—net | (974 | ) | 579 | ||||||||
Total non-operating income (loss) | 27,415 | (3,259 | ) | * | |||||||
Income before provision for income taxes | 187,549 | 143,779 | 30.4 | % | |||||||
Provision for income taxes | 40,565 | 34,257 | |||||||||
Net income | 146,984 | 109,522 | 34.2 | % | |||||||
Less: Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests | (12,363 | ) | 4,374 | ||||||||
Net income attributable to common stockholders | $ | 134,621 | $ | 113,896 | 18.2 | % | |||||
Earnings per share attributable to common stockholders | |||||||||||
Basic | $ | 2.85 | $ | 2.43 | 17.0 | % | |||||
Diluted | $ | 2.79 | $ | 2.40 | 16.0 | % | |||||
Dividends declared per share | |||||||||||
Quarterly | $ | 1.44 | $ | 1.32 | 9.1 | % | |||||
Special | $ | 2.00 | $ | 2.50 | (20.0 | %) | |||||
Weighted average shares outstanding | |||||||||||
Basic | 47,273 | 46,794 | |||||||||
Diluted | 48,297 | 47,381 | |||||||||
_________________________ * Not meaningful. (1) Revenue amounts related to model-based portfolios were reclassified from other (previously reported as portfolio consulting and other) to investment advisory and administration fees for the year ended December 31, 2018. | |||||||||||
Cohen & Steers, Inc. and Subsidiaries | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets Under Management | ||||||||||||||||||
By Investment Vehicle | ||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended | % Change From | |||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | September 30, 2019 | December 31, 2018 (1) | September 30, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||
Institutional Accounts | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 31,533 | $ | 29,602 | $ | 29,266 | ||||||||||||
Inflows | 1,031 | 1,158 | 936 | |||||||||||||||
Outflows | (901 | ) | (646 | ) | (1,125 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | 130 | 512 | (189 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 450 | 1,723 | (1,566 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Distributions | (308 | ) | (304 | ) | (363 | ) | ||||||||||||
Transfers | 8 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 280 | 1,931 | (2,118 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 31,813 | $ | 31,533 | $ | 27,148 | 0.9 | % | 17.2 | % | ||||||||
Percentage of total assets under management | 44.1 | % | 44.5 | % | 46.9 | % | ||||||||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 31,347 | $ | 30,515 | $ | 27,955 | 2.7 | % | 12.1 | % | ||||||||
Open-end Funds | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 29,598 | $ | 27,563 | $ | 25,020 | ||||||||||||
Inflows | 3,588 | 2,794 | 2,309 | |||||||||||||||
Outflows | (2,038 | ) | (2,178 | ) | (3,309 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | 1,550 | 616 | (1,000 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 532 | 1,632 | (1,374 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Distributions | (947 | ) | (213 | ) | (351 | ) | ||||||||||||
Transfers | (8 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 1,127 | 2,035 | (2,725 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 30,725 | $ | 29,598 | $ | 22,295 | 3.8 | % | 37.8 | % | ||||||||
Percentage of total assets under management | 42.6 | % | 41.8 | % | 38.5 | % | ||||||||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 30,050 | $ | 28,548 | $ | 23,984 | 5.3 | % | 25.3 | % | ||||||||
Closed-end Funds | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 9,707 | $ | 9,436 | $ | 9,084 | ||||||||||||
Inflows | 3 | 2 | — | |||||||||||||||
Outflows | (80 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | (77 | ) | 2 | — | ||||||||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 147 | 396 | (546 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Distributions | (133 | ) | (127 | ) | (128 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | (63 | ) | 271 | (674 | ) | |||||||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 9,644 | $ | 9,707 | $ | 8,410 | (0.6 | %) | 14.7 | % | ||||||||
Percentage of total assets under management | 13.4 | % | 13.7 | % | 14.5 | % | ||||||||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 9,616 | $ | 9,580 | $ | 8,815 | 0.4 | % | 9.1 | % | ||||||||
Total | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 70,838 | $ | 66,601 | $ | 63,370 | ||||||||||||
Inflows | 4,622 | 3,954 | 3,245 | |||||||||||||||
Outflows | (3,019 | ) | (2,824 | ) | (4,434 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | 1,603 | 1,130 | (1,189 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 1,129 | 3,751 | (3,486 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Distributions | (1,388 | ) | (644 | ) | (842 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 1,344 | 4,237 | (5,517 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 72,182 | $ | 70,838 | $ | 57,853 | 1.9 | % | 24.8 | % | ||||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 71,013 | $ | 68,643 | $ | 60,754 | 3.5 | % | 16.9 | % | ||||||||
_________________________ (1) Amounts have been recast to include model-based portfolios which were previously classified as assets under advisement. | ||||||||||||||||||
Cohen & Steers, Inc. and Subsidiaries | |||||||||||
Assets Under Management | |||||||||||
By Investment Vehicle | |||||||||||
(in millions) | |||||||||||
Year Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 (1) | % Change | |||||||||
Institutional Accounts | |||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 27,148 | $ | 30,896 | |||||||
Inflows | 3,993 | 2,814 | |||||||||
Outflows | (4,908 | ) | (3,558 | ) | |||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | (915 | ) | (744 | ) | |||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 6,873 | (1,074 | ) | ||||||||
Distributions | (1,306 | ) | (1,962 | ) | |||||||
Transfers | 13 | 32 | |||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 4,665 | (3,748 | ) | ||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 31,813 | $ | 27,148 | 17.2 | % | |||||
Percentage of total assets under management | 44.1 | % | 46.9 | % | |||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 30,301 | $ | 28,893 | 4.9 | % | |||||
Open-end Funds | |||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 22,295 | $ | 25,188 | |||||||
Inflows | 12,484 | 8,963 | |||||||||
Outflows | (7,745 | ) | (9,411 | ) | |||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | 4,739 | (448 | ) | ||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 5,881 | (1,302 | ) | ||||||||
Distributions | (2,177 | ) | (1,111 | ) | |||||||
Transfers | (13 | ) | (32 | ) | |||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 8,430 | (2,893 | ) | ||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 30,725 | $ | 22,295 | 37.8 | % | |||||
Percentage of total assets under management | 42.6 | % | 38.5 | % | |||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 27,595 | $ | 24,276 | 13.7 | % | |||||
Closed-end Funds | |||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 8,410 | $ | 9,406 | |||||||
Inflows | 5 | 12 | |||||||||
Outflows | (80 | ) | — | ||||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | (75 | ) | 12 | ||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 1,823 | (496 | ) | ||||||||
Distributions | (514 | ) | (512 | ) | |||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 1,234 | (996 | ) | ||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 9,644 | $ | 8,410 | 14.7 | % | |||||
Percentage of total assets under management | 13.4 | % | 14.5 | % | |||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 9,381 | $ | 9,012 | 4.1 | % | |||||
Total | |||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 57,853 | $ | 65,490 | |||||||
Inflows | 16,482 | 11,789 | |||||||||
Outflows | (12,733 | ) | (12,969 | ) | |||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | 3,749 | (1,180 | ) | ||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 14,577 | (2,872 | ) | ||||||||
Distributions | (3,997 | ) | (3,585 | ) | |||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 14,329 | (7,637 | ) | ||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 72,182 | $ | 57,853 | 24.8 | % | |||||
Average assets under management | $ | 67,277 | $ | 62,181 | 8.2 | % | |||||
_________________________ (1) Amounts have been recast to include model-based portfolios which were previously classified as assets under advisement. | |||||||||||
Cohen & Steers, Inc. and Subsidiaries | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets Under Management - Institutional Accounts | ||||||||||||||||||
By Account Type | ||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended | % Change From | |||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | September 30, 2019 | December 31, 2018 (1) | September 30, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||
Advisory | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 15,243 | $ | 14,099 | $ | 12,427 | ||||||||||||
Inflows | 338 | 567 | 859 | |||||||||||||||
Outflows | (247 | ) | (126 | ) | (559 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | 91 | 441 | 300 | |||||||||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 335 | 703 | (662 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 426 | 1,144 | (362 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 15,669 | $ | 15,243 | $ | 12,065 | 2.8 | % | 29.9 | % | ||||||||
Percentage of institutional assets under management | 49.3 | % | 48.3 | % | 44.4 | % | ||||||||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 15,380 | $ | 14,666 | $ | 12,128 | 4.9 | % | 26.8 | % | ||||||||
Japan Subadvisory | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 10,305 | $ | 9,846 | $ | 10,472 | ||||||||||||
Inflows | 554 | 289 | 6 | |||||||||||||||
Outflows | (213 | ) | (280 | ) | (310 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | 341 | 9 | (304 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | (15 | ) | 754 | (517 | ) | |||||||||||||
Distributions | (308 | ) | (304 | ) | (363 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 18 | 459 | (1,184 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 10,323 | $ | 10,305 | $ | 9,288 | 0.2 | % | 11.1 | % | ||||||||
Percentage of institutional assets under management | 32.4 | % | 32.7 | % | 34.2 | % | ||||||||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 10,142 | $ | 10,009 | $ | 9,739 | 1.3 | % | 4.1 | % | ||||||||
Subadvisory Excluding Japan | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 5,985 | $ | 5,657 | $ | 6,367 | ||||||||||||
Inflows | 139 | 302 | 71 | |||||||||||||||
Outflows | (441 | ) | (240 | ) | (256 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | (302 | ) | 62 | (185 | ) | |||||||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 130 | 266 | (387 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Transfers | 8 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | (164 | ) | 328 | (572 | ) | |||||||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 5,821 | $ | 5,985 | $ | 5,795 | (2.7 | %) | 0.4 | % | ||||||||
Percentage of institutional assets under management | 18.3 | % | 19.0 | % | 21.3 | % | ||||||||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 5,825 | $ | 5,840 | $ | 6,088 | (0.3 | %) | (4.3 | %) | ||||||||
Total Institutional Accounts | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 31,533 | $ | 29,602 | $ | 29,266 | ||||||||||||
Inflows | 1,031 | 1,158 | 936 | |||||||||||||||
Outflows | (901 | ) | (646 | ) | (1,125 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | 130 | 512 | (189 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 450 | 1,723 | (1,566 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Distributions | (308 | ) | (304 | ) | (363 | ) | ||||||||||||
Transfers | 8 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 280 | 1,931 | (2,118 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 31,813 | $ | 31,533 | $ | 27,148 | 0.9 | % | 17.2 | % | ||||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 31,347 | $ | 30,515 | $ | 27,955 | 2.7 | % | 12.1 | % | ||||||||
_________________________ (1) Amounts have been recast to include model-based portfolios which were previously classified as assets under advisement. | ||||||||||||||||||
Cohen & Steers, Inc. and Subsidiaries | |||||||||||
Assets Under Management - Institutional Accounts | |||||||||||
By Account Type | |||||||||||
(in millions) | |||||||||||
Year Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 (1) | % Change | |||||||||
Advisory | |||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 12,065 | $ | 11,341 | |||||||
Inflows | 1,918 | 2,101 | |||||||||
Outflows | (1,351 | ) | (925 | ) | |||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | 567 | 1,176 | |||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 3,032 | (484 | ) | ||||||||
Transfers | 5 | 32 | |||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 3,604 | 724 | |||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 15,669 | $ | 12,065 | 29.9 | % | |||||
Percentage of institutional assets under management | 49.3 | % | 44.4 | % | |||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 14,752 | $ | 11,804 | 25.0 | % | |||||
Japan Subadvisory | |||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 9,288 | $ | 12,672 | |||||||
Inflows | 942 | 144 | |||||||||
Outflows | (1,076 | ) | (1,250 | ) | |||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | (134 | ) | (1,106 | ) | |||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 2,475 | (316 | ) | ||||||||
Distributions | (1,306 | ) | (1,962 | ) | |||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 1,035 | (3,384 | ) | ||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 10,323 | $ | 9,288 | 11.1 | % | |||||
Percentage of institutional assets under management | 32.4 | % | 34.2 | % | |||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 9,954 | $ | 10,608 | (6.2 | %) | |||||
Subadvisory Excluding Japan | |||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 5,795 | $ | 6,883 | |||||||
Inflows | 1,133 | 569 | |||||||||
Outflows | (2,481 | ) | (1,383 | ) | |||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | (1,348 | ) | (814 | ) | |||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 1,366 | (274 | ) | ||||||||
Transfers | 8 | — | |||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 26 | (1,088 | ) | ||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 5,821 | $ | 5,795 | 0.4 | % | |||||
Percentage of institutional assets under management | 18.3 | % | 21.3 | % | |||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 5,595 | $ | 6,481 | (13.7 | %) | |||||
Total Institutional Accounts | |||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 27,148 | $ | 30,896 | |||||||
Inflows | 3,993 | 2,814 | |||||||||
Outflows | (4,908 | ) | (3,558 | ) | |||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | (915 | ) | (744 | ) | |||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 6,873 | (1,074 | ) | ||||||||
Distributions | (1,306 | ) | (1,962 | ) | |||||||
Transfers | 13 | 32 | |||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 4,665 | (3,748 | ) | ||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 31,813 | $ | 27,148 | 17.2 | % | |||||
Average assets under management | $ | 30,301 | $ | 28,893 | 4.9 | % | |||||
_________________________ (1) Amounts have been recast to include model-based portfolios which were previously classified as assets under advisement. | |||||||||||
Cohen & Steers, Inc. and Subsidiaries | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets Under Management | ||||||||||||||||||
By Investment Strategy | ||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended | % Change From | |||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | September 30, 2019 | December 31, 2018 (1) | September 30, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||
U.S. Real Estate | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 30,964 | $ | 28,841 | $ | 27,183 | ||||||||||||
Inflows | 2,405 | 1,638 | 1,126 | |||||||||||||||
Outflows | (1,355 | ) | (1,519 | ) | (1,419 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | 1,050 | 119 | (293 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 11 | 2,436 | (1,648 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Distributions | (1,001 | ) | (413 | ) | (576 | ) | ||||||||||||
Transfers | — | (19 | ) | (39 | ) | |||||||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 60 | 2,123 | (2,556 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 31,024 | $ | 30,964 | $ | 24,627 | 0.2 | % | 26.0 | % | ||||||||
Percentage of total assets under management | 43.0 | % | 43.7 | % | 42.6 | % | ||||||||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 30,694 | $ | 29,862 | $ | 26,034 | 2.8 | % | 17.9 | % | ||||||||
Preferred Securities | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 16,749 | $ | 15,735 | $ | 14,430 | ||||||||||||
Inflows | 1,320 | 1,371 | 1,303 | |||||||||||||||
Outflows | (767 | ) | (732 | ) | (1,980 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | 553 | 639 | (677 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 440 | 510 | (571 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Distributions | (161 | ) | (154 | ) | (137 | ) | ||||||||||||
Transfers | — | 19 | 23 | |||||||||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 832 | 1,014 | (1,362 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 17,581 | $ | 16,749 | $ | 13,068 | 5.0 | % | 34.5 | % | ||||||||
Percentage of total assets under management | 24.4 | % | 23.6 | % | 22.6 | % | ||||||||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 17,112 | $ | 16,268 | $ | 13,963 | 5.2 | % | 22.6 | % | ||||||||
Global/International Real Estate | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 13,141 | $ | 12,196 | $ | 11,823 | ||||||||||||
Inflows | 629 | 672 | 644 | |||||||||||||||
Outflows | (488 | ) | (349 | ) | (814 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | 141 | 323 | (170 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 385 | 638 | (548 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Distributions | (158 | ) | (16 | ) | (58 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 368 | 945 | (776 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 13,509 | $ | 13,141 | $ | 11,047 | 2.8 | % | 22.3 | % | ||||||||
Percentage of total assets under management | 18.7 | % | 18.6 | % | 19.1 | % | ||||||||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 13,330 | $ | 12,633 | $ | 11,168 | 5.5 | % | 19.4 | % | ||||||||
_________________________ (1) Amounts have been recast to include model-based portfolios which were previously classified as assets under advisement. | ||||||||||||||||||
Cohen & Steers, Inc. and Subsidiaries | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets Under Management | ||||||||||||||||||
By Investment Strategy - continued | ||||||||||||||||||
(in millions) | ||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended | % Change From | |||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | September 30, 2019 | December 31, 2018 (1) | September 30, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||
Global Listed Infrastructure | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 7,774 | $ | 7,544 | $ | 7,022 | ||||||||||||
Inflows | 219 | 212 | 136 | |||||||||||||||
Outflows | (285 | ) | (92 | ) | (161 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | (66 | ) | 120 | (25 | ) | |||||||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 194 | 159 | (429 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Distributions | (52 | ) | (49 | ) | (51 | ) | ||||||||||||
Transfers | 226 | — | — | |||||||||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 302 | 230 | (505 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 8,076 | $ | 7,774 | $ | 6,517 | 3.9 | % | 23.9 | % | ||||||||
Percentage of total assets under management | 11.2 | % | 11.0 | % | 11.3 | % | ||||||||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 7,671 | $ | 7,650 | $ | 6,832 | 0.3 | % | 12.3 | % | ||||||||
Other | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 2,210 | $ | 2,285 | $ | 2,912 | ||||||||||||
Inflows | 49 | 61 | 36 | |||||||||||||||
Outflows | (124 | ) | (132 | ) | (60 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | (75 | ) | (71 | ) | (24 | ) | ||||||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 99 | 8 | (290 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Distributions | (16 | ) | (12 | ) | (20 | ) | ||||||||||||
Transfers | (226 | ) | — | 16 | ||||||||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | (218 | ) | (75 | ) | (318 | ) | ||||||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 1,992 | $ | 2,210 | $ | 2,594 | (9.9 | %) | (23.2 | %) | ||||||||
Percentage of total assets under management | 2.8 | % | 3.1 | % | 4.5 | % | ||||||||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 2,206 | $ | 2,230 | $ | 2,757 | (1.1 | %) | (20.0 | %) | ||||||||
Total | ||||||||||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 70,838 | $ | 66,601 | $ | 63,370 | ||||||||||||
Inflows | 4,622 | 3,954 | 3,245 | |||||||||||||||
Outflows | (3,019 | ) | (2,824 | ) | (4,434 | ) | ||||||||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | 1,603 | 1,130 | (1,189 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 1,129 | 3,751 | (3,486 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Distributions | (1,388 | ) | (644 | ) | (842 | ) | ||||||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 1,344 | 4,237 | (5,517 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 72,182 | $ | 70,838 | $ | 57,853 | 1.9 | % | 24.8 | % | ||||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 71,013 | $ | 68,643 | $ | 60,754 | 3.5 | % | 16.9 | % | ||||||||
_________________________ (1) Amounts have been recast to include model-based portfolios which were previously classified as assets under advisement. | ||||||||||||||||||
Cohen & Steers, Inc. and Subsidiaries | |||||||||||
Assets Under Management | |||||||||||
By Investment Strategy | |||||||||||
(in millions) | |||||||||||
Year Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 (1) | % Change | |||||||||
U.S. Real Estate | |||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 24,627 | $ | 29,241 | |||||||
Inflows | 7,298 | 4,488 | |||||||||
Outflows | (5,363 | ) | (5,158 | ) | |||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | 1,935 | (670 | ) | ||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 7,346 | (1,151 | ) | ||||||||
Distributions | (2,886 | ) | (2,561 | ) | |||||||
Transfers | 2 | (232 | ) | ||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 6,397 | (4,614 | ) | ||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 31,024 | $ | 24,627 | 26.0 | % | |||||
Percentage of total assets under management | 43.0 | % | 42.6 | % | |||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 29,117 | $ | 26,605 | 9.4 | % | |||||
Preferred Securities | |||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 13,068 | $ | 14,435 | |||||||
Inflows | 5,726 | 4,503 | |||||||||
Outflows | (3,041 | ) | (4,723 | ) | |||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | 2,685 | (220 | ) | ||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 2,406 | (803 | ) | ||||||||
Distributions | (597 | ) | (560 | ) | |||||||
Transfers | 19 | 216 | |||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 4,513 | (1,367 | ) | ||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 17,581 | $ | 13,068 | 34.5 | % | |||||
Percentage of total assets under management | 24.4 | % | 22.6 | % | |||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 15,702 | $ | 14,237 | 10.3 | % | |||||
Global/International Real Estate | |||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 11,047 | $ | 11,194 | |||||||
Inflows | 2,541 | 1,975 | |||||||||
Outflows | (2,714 | ) | (1,669 | ) | |||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | (173 | ) | 306 | ||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 2,887 | (254 | ) | ||||||||
Distributions | (252 | ) | (199 | ) | |||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 2,462 | (147 | ) | ||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 13,509 | $ | 11,047 | 22.3 | % | |||||
Percentage of total assets under management | 18.7 | % | 19.1 | % | |||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 12,718 | $ | 11,341 | 12.1 | % | |||||
_________________________ (1) Amounts have been recast to include model-based portfolios which were previously classified as assets under advisement. | |||||||||||
Cohen & Steers, Inc. and Subsidiaries | |||||||||||
Assets Under Management | |||||||||||
By Investment Strategy - continued | |||||||||||
(in millions) | |||||||||||
Year Ended | |||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 (1) | % Change | |||||||||
Global Listed Infrastructure | |||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 6,517 | $ | 6,982 | |||||||
Inflows | 713 | 601 | |||||||||
Outflows | (699 | ) | (448 | ) | |||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | 14 | 153 | |||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 1,520 | (419 | ) | ||||||||
Distributions | (201 | ) | (199 | ) | |||||||
Transfers | 226 | — | |||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 1,559 | (465 | ) | ||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 8,076 | $ | 6,517 | 23.9 | % | |||||
Percentage of total assets under management | 11.2 | % | 11.3 | % | |||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 7,455 | $ | 6,924 | 7.7 | % | |||||
Other | |||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 2,594 | $ | 3,638 | |||||||
Inflows | 204 | 222 | |||||||||
Outflows | (916 | ) | (971 | ) | |||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | (712 | ) | (749 | ) | |||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 418 | (245 | ) | ||||||||
Distributions | (61 | ) | (66 | ) | |||||||
Transfers | (247 | ) | 16 | ||||||||
Total increase (decrease) | (602 | ) | (1,044 | ) | |||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 1,992 | $ | 2,594 | (23.2 | %) | |||||
Percentage of total assets under management | 2.8 | % | 4.5 | % | |||||||
Average assets under management | $ | 2,285 | $ | 3,075 | (25.7 | %) | |||||
Total | |||||||||||
Assets under management, beginning of period | $ | 57,853 | $ | 65,490 | |||||||
Inflows | 16,482 | 11,789 | |||||||||
Outflows | (12,733 | ) | (12,969 | ) | |||||||
Net inflows (outflows) | 3,749 | (1,180 | ) | ||||||||
Market appreciation (depreciation) | 14,577 | (2,872 | ) | ||||||||
Distributions | (3,997 | ) | (3,585 | ) | |||||||
Total increase (decrease) | 14,329 | (7,637 | ) | ||||||||
Assets under management, end of period | $ | 72,182 | $ | 57,853 | 24.8 | % | |||||
Average assets under management | $ | 67,277 | $ | 62,182 | 8.2 | % | |||||
_________________________ (1) Amounts have been recast to include model-based portfolios which were previously classified as assets under advisement. | |||||||||||
Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP Net Income Attributable to Common Stockholders and U.S. GAAP Earnings per Share to Net Income Attributable to Common Stockholders, As Adjusted, and Earnings per Share, As Adjusted | ||||||||||||||||||||
For the Periods | ||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except per share data) | Three Months Ended | Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | September 30, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to common stockholders, U.S. GAAP | $ | 36,728 | $ | 34,017 | $ | 25,561 | $ | 134,621 | $ | 113,896 | ||||||||||
Seed investments (1) | (1,393 | ) | (1,630 | ) | 5,580 | (11,858 | ) | 5,552 | ||||||||||||
Accelerated vesting of restricted stock units | 358 | 387 | — | 1,344 | — | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative (2) | 346 | — | — | 346 | 871 | |||||||||||||||
Foreign currency exchange (gains) losses—net (3) | 2,822 | (1,310 | ) | (1,100 | ) | 1,909 | (2,270 | ) | ||||||||||||
Tax adjustments (4) | (2,864 | ) | (207 | ) | (3,338 | ) | (2,002 | ) | (4,200 | ) | ||||||||||
Net income attributable to common stockholders, as adjusted | $ | 35,997 | $ | 31,257 | $ | 26,703 | $ | 124,360 | $ | 113,849 | ||||||||||
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 48,703 | 48,412 | 47,562 | 48,297 | 47,381 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share, U.S. GAAP | $ | 0.75 | $ | 0.70 | $ | 0.54 | $ | 2.79 | $ | 2.40 | ||||||||||
Seed investments (1) | (0.03 | ) | (0.03 | ) | 0.11 | (0.25 | ) | 0.12 | ||||||||||||
Accelerated vesting of restricted stock units | 0.01 | 0.01 | — | 0.02 | — | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative (2) | 0.01 | — | — | 0.01 | 0.02 | |||||||||||||||
Foreign currency exchange (gains) losses—net (3) | 0.06 | (0.03 | ) | (0.02 | ) | 0.04 | (0.05 | ) | ||||||||||||
Tax adjustments | (0.06 | ) | — | * | (0.07 | ) | (0.04 | ) | (0.09 | ) | ||||||||||
Diluted earnings per share, as adjusted | $ | 0.74 | $ | 0.65 | $ | 0.56 | $ | 2.57 | $ | 2.40 | ||||||||||
_________________________ * Amounts round to less than $0.01 per share. (1) Represents amounts related to the deconsolidation of seed investments in Company-sponsored funds as well as non-operating (income) loss from seed investments that were not consolidated. (2) Represents costs associated with the Cohen & Steers Quality Income Realty Fund, Inc. rights offering in the fourth quarter of 2019 and expenses associated with the evaluation of a potential business transaction that the Company did not pursue in the first quarter of 2018. (3) Represents net foreign currency exchange (gains) losses associated with U.S. dollar-denominated assets held by certain foreign subsidiaries. (4) Tax adjustments are summarized in the following table: | ||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | Three Months Ended | Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | September 30, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Transition tax liability in connection with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (123 | ) | |||||||||
Reversal of certain liabilities associated with unrecognized tax benefits | (1,832 | ) | — | (2,758 | ) | (1,832 | ) | (2,758 | ) | |||||||||||
Delivery of restricted stock units | — | (7 | ) | — | (203 | ) | (947 | ) | ||||||||||||
Tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments | (1,027 | ) | (200 | ) | 9 | 38 | 217 | |||||||||||||
Other tax-related items | (5 | ) | — | (589 | ) | (5 | ) | (589 | ) | |||||||||||
Total tax adjustments | $ | (2,864 | ) | $ | (207 | ) | $ | (3,338 | ) | $ | (2,002 | ) | $ | (4,200 | ) | |||||
Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP Operating Income and U.S. GAAP Operating Margin to Operating Income, As Adjusted, and Operating Margin, As Adjusted | ||||||||||||||||||||
For the Periods | ||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands, except percentages) | Three Months Ended | Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | September 30, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Revenue, U.S. GAAP | $ | 109,847 | $ | 104,965 | $ | 93,906 | $ | 410,830 | $ | 381,111 | ||||||||||
Seed investments (1) | (19 | ) | (99 | ) | (269 | ) | (438 | ) | (694 | ) | ||||||||||
Revenue, as adjusted | $ | 109,828 | $ | 104,866 | $ | 93,637 | $ | 410,392 | $ | 380,417 | ||||||||||
Expenses, U.S. GAAP | $ | 63,385 | $ | 64,832 | $ | 59,597 | $ | 250,696 | $ | 234,073 | ||||||||||
Seed investments (1) | (224 | ) | (306 | ) | (437 | ) | (1,323 | ) | (1,408 | ) | ||||||||||
Accelerated vesting of restricted stock units | (358 | ) | (387 | ) | — | (1,344 | ) | — | ||||||||||||
General and administrative (2) | (346 | ) | — | — | (346 | ) | (871 | ) | ||||||||||||
Expenses, as adjusted | $ | 62,457 | $ | 64,139 | $ | 59,160 | $ | 247,683 | $ | 231,794 | ||||||||||
Operating income, U.S. GAAP | $ | 46,462 | $ | 40,133 | $ | 34,309 | $ | 160,134 | $ | 147,038 | ||||||||||
Seed investments (1) | 205 | 207 | 168 | 885 | 714 | |||||||||||||||
Accelerated vesting of restricted stock units | 358 | 387 | — | 1,344 | — | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative (2) | 346 | — | — | 346 | 871 | |||||||||||||||
Operating income, as adjusted | $ | 47,371 | $ | 40,727 | $ | 34,477 | $ | 162,709 | $ | 148,623 | ||||||||||
Operating margin, U.S. GAAP | 42.3 | % | 38.2 | % | 36.5 | % | 39.0 | % | 38.6 | % | ||||||||||
Operating margin, as adjusted | 43.1 | % | 38.8 | % | 36.8 | % | 39.6 | % | 39.1 | % | ||||||||||
_________________________ (1) Represents amounts related to the deconsolidation of seed investments in Company-sponsored funds. (2) Represents costs associated with the Cohen & Steers Quality Income Realty Fund, Inc. rights offering in the fourth quarter of 2019 and expenses associated with the evaluation of a potential business transaction that the Company did not pursue in the first quarter of 2018. | ||||||||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of U.S. GAAP Non-operating Income (Loss) to Non-operating Income (Loss), As Adjusted | ||||||||||||||||||||
For the Periods | ||||||||||||||||||||
(in thousands) | Three Months Ended | Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||||
December 31, 2019 | September 30, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | December 31, 2019 | December 31, 2018 | ||||||||||||||||
Non-operating income (loss), U.S. GAAP | $ | 1,352 | $ | 6,617 | $ | (3,329 | ) | $ | 27,415 | $ | (3,259 | ) | ||||||||
Seed investments (1) | (2,830 | ) | (4,218 | ) | 5,675 | (25,106 | ) | 9,212 | ||||||||||||
Foreign currency exchange (gains) losses—net (2) | 2,822 | (1,310 | ) | (1,100 | ) | 1,909 | (2,270 | ) | ||||||||||||
Non-operating income (loss), as adjusted | $ | 1,344 | $ | 1,089 | $ | 1,246 | $ | 4,218 | $ | 3,683 | ||||||||||
_________________________ (1) Represents amounts related to the deconsolidation of seed investments in Company-sponsored funds as well as non-operating (income) loss from seed investments that were not consolidated. (2) Represents net foreign currency exchange (gains) losses associated with U.S. dollar-denominated assets held by certain foreign subsidiaries. | ||||||||||||||||||||