Contractual obligations
Except as otherwise disclosed in this Quarterly Report, there have been no changes in our material short-term and long-
term contractual cash obligations other than in the ordinary course of business since December 31, 2025. See Note 12,
Note 15.4, Note 20 and Note 17 to our audited consolidated financial statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
year ended December 31, 2025.
Principal Accounting Policies, Critical Accounting Estimates and Key Judgments
Our principal accounting policies are set out in Note 1 to our audited consolidated financial statements in our Annual
Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. New standards and interpretations not yet adopted are set out in
Note 1 to the unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, which appear elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and
assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures,
and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. These judgments, estimates and assumptions are based on management’s best
knowledge of the relevant facts and circumstances, giving consideration to previous experience. However, actual results may
differ from the amounts included in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Key sources of estimation uncertainty that have a
significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year
include the items presented in Part II, Item 7. “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations - Principal Accounting Policies, Critical Accounting Estimates and Key Judgments” of our Annual Report on
Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025. The Company continuously reviews its significant assumptions and
estimates in light of the uncertainty associated with the global geopolitical and macroeconomic conditions and their potential
direct and indirect impacts on its business and its financial statements. There can be no guarantee that our assumptions will
materialize or that actual results will not differ materially from estimates. There have been no material changes in our critical
accounting estimates since December 31, 2025.
Recently Issued Accounting Standards
See Note 1- Basis of Presentation and Recent Accounting Pronouncements to our accompanying unaudited interim
Consolidated Financial Statements for a full description of recent accounting pronouncements, if applicable, including the
respective expected dates of adoption and expected effects on results of operations and financial condition.
Non-GAAP measures
Adjusted EBITDA is not a measure defined by GAAP. We believe the most directly comparable GAAP measure to
Adjusted EBITDA is our net income or loss for the relevant period.
Adjusted EBITDA is defined as income/(loss) from continuing operations before income taxes, results from joint
ventures, net finance costs, other expenses and depreciation and amortization as adjusted to exclude restructuring costs,
impairment charges, unrealized gains or losses on derivatives and on foreign exchange differences on transactions that do not
qualify for hedge accounting, share-based compensation expense, non-operating gains / (losses) on pension and other post-
employment benefits, factoring expenses, effects of certain purchase accounting adjustments, start-up and development costs or
acquisition, integration and separation costs, certain incremental costs and other exceptional, unusual or generally non-recurring
items.
We believe Adjusted EBITDA, as defined above, is useful to investors as it illustrates the underlying performance of
continuing operations by excluding certain non-recurring and non-operating items. Similar concepts of adjusted EBITDA are
frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in their evaluation of our company and in
comparison, to other companies, many of which present an adjusted EBITDA-related performance measure when reporting
their results.
Adjusted EBITDA has limitations as an analytical tool. It is not a measure defined by GAAP and therefore does not
purport to be an alternative to operating profit or net income as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows from
operating activities as a measure of liquidity. Adjusted EBITDA is not necessarily comparable to similarly titled measures used
by other companies. As a result, you should not consider Adjusted EBITDA in isolation from, or as a substitute analysis for, our
results prepared in accordance with GAAP.