The Company uses non-GAAP financial measures in its filings and other public disclosures. The following lists non-GAAP financial measures that the Company commonly uses, a description for each measure, the reasons that management believes the measure is useful to investors and, if material, additional uses of the measure by management of the Company.
“Cash-Basis Net Operating Income” represents Net Operating Income excluding straight-line rents, amortization of lease inducements, amortization of acquired above and below market rents, and non-cash ground lease expense.
“EBITDAre” is a supplemental operating performance measure used in the real estate industry. The Company calculates EBITDAre in accordance with the Nareit definition, which is net income (loss) available to common stockholders (computed in accordance with GAAP) plus interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization, losses (gains) on the disposition of depreciated property, and impairment of depreciated property. All additions include the Company's share of unconsolidated joint ventures. Management believes that EBITDAre provides analysts and investors with uniform and appropriate information to use in various ratios that evaluate the Company's level of debt.
"Funds Available for Distribution” (“FAD”) represents FFO adjusted to exclude the effect of non-cash items and transaction costs and include deductions for second generation Capital Expenditures ("CAPEX"). Management believes that FAD provides analysts and investors with information that assists in the comparability of the Company's dividend policy with other real estate companies.
“Funds From Operations” (“FFO”) is a supplemental operating performance measure used in the real estate industry. The Company calculates FFO in accordance with the Nareit definition: net income (loss) available to common stockholders (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding depreciation and amortization related to real estate, gains and losses from sales of depreciable property, gains and losses from changes in control, impairment of depreciable real estate and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures to reflect FFO on the same basis. FFO is used by industry analysts and investors as a supplemental measure of an equity REIT's operating performance. Historical cost accounting for real estate assets implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors and analysts have considered presentation of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. Thus, Nareit created FFO as a supplemental measure of REIT operating performance that excludes historical cost depreciation, among other items, from GAAP net income. Management believes that the use of FFO, combined with the required primary GAAP presentations, has been fundamentally beneficial, improving the understanding of operating results of REITs among the investing public and making comparisons of REIT operating results more meaningful. Company management evaluates operating performance in part based on FFO. Additionally, the Company uses FFO and FFO per share, along with other measures, as a performance measure for incentive compensation to its officers and other key employees.
“Net Debt” represents the Company's consolidated debt plus the Company's share of unconsolidated debt, less consolidated cash and cash equivalents and our share of unconsolidated cash and cash equivalents. The Company believes excluding cash and cash equivalents from total debt provides an estimate of the net contractual amount of borrowed capital to be repaid, which it believes is a beneficial disclosure to investors and analysts.
“Net Operating Income” ("NOI") is used by industry analysts, investors, and Company management to measure operating performance of the Company's properties. NOI, which is rental property revenues (excluding termination fee income) less rental property operating expenses, excludes certain components from net income in order to provide results that are more closely related to a property's results of operations. Certain items, such as interest expense, while included in FFO and net income, do not affect the operating performance of a real estate asset and are often incurred at the corporate level as opposed to the property level. As a result, management uses only those income and expense items that are incurred at the property level to evaluate a property's performance. Depreciation, amortization, gains or losses on sales of depreciated investment assets, and impairment are also excluded from NOI for the reasons described under FFO.
“Same Property Net Operating Income” represents Net Operating Income or Cash-Basis Net Operating Income for those operating office properties that were stabilized and owned by the Company for the entirety of all comparable reporting periods presented. Same Property Net Operating Income or Cash-Basis Same Property Net Operating Income allows analysts, investors, and management to analyze continuing operations and evaluate the growth trend of the Company's portfolio.
“Second Generation Leasing Costs" and "Second Generation Building Improvements” is used in the valuation and analysis of real estate. Because the Company develops and acquires properties, in addition to operating existing properties, its property acquisition and development expenditures included in the Statements of Cash Flows includes both initial costs associated with developing and acquiring investment assets and those expenditures necessary to lease, operate, and maintain existing properties at historic performance levels. The latter costs are referred to as second generation costs and are useful in evaluating the economic performance of the asset and in valuing the asset. Accordingly, the Company discloses the portion of its property acquisition and development expenditures that pertain to second generation space in its operating properties. The Company excludes the following from second generation leasing costs and building improvements; vacant space in newly acquired buildings, spaces that have been vacant for one year or more, building improvements on newly acquired buildings that management identifies as necessary to bring the building to the Company's operational standards, and building improvements associated with properties identified as under redevelopment or repositioning.
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