Citizens & Northern Corporation_October 1, 2025
0000810958false00008109582025-10-012025-10-01

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K/A

(Amendement No. 1)

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934

October 1, 2025

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported)

Citizens & Northern Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania

    

0-16084

    

23-2451943

(State or other jurisdiction

(Commission

(IRS Employer

of incorporation)

File Number)

Ident. No.)

90-92 Main Street, Wellsboro, Pennsylvania

16901

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(570) 724-3411

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

N/A

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report.)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

    Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

    Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

    Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

    Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol

Name of each exchange on which 
registered

Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share

 

CZNC

 

Nasdaq Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (17 CFR §230.405) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (17 CFR §240.12b-2).

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.


Explanatory Note

 

On October 1, 2025, Citizens & Northern Corporation (“C&N”), along with Susquehanna Community Financial, Inc. (“Susquehanna”) announced the completion of the merger of Susquehanna with and into C&N. Susquehanna was the parent company of Susquehanna Community Bank, a commercial bank with headquarters in West Milton, Pennsylvania. Concurrent with the merger of the parent companies, Susquehanna Community Bank merged into C&N’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Citizens & Northern Bank. This Form 8-K/A hereby amends the initial Report to file the audited consolidated financial statements of Susquehanna as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the unaudited historical financial statements of Susquehanna as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 and the pro forma financial information required by Item 9.01 of Form 8-K.

.

ITEM 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits

(a)    Financial Statements of Business Acquired

 

Susquehanna’s audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, including the independent auditor’s report thereon, are incorporated by reference into this Report by Exhibit 99.1, and are incorporated into this item 9.01(a) by reference to Exhibit 99.1. Susquehanna’s unaudited consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 are filed herewith as Exhibit 99.2 of this Report and are incorporated by reference into this item 9.01(a).

(b)    Pro-Forma Financial Information

The unaudited pro forma financial information required by this Item 9.01(b) is incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 99.3 of this Form 8-K/A.

(c)    Shell company transactions

Not applicable.

(d)    Exhibits.

Exhibit 23.1: Consent of S.R. Snodgrass, P.C. Independent Registered Accounting Firm for Susquehanna.

Exhibit 99.1: Susquehanna’s audited consolidated financial statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 (incorporated by reference to Appendex F-1 to the Form S-4/A filed by Citizens & Northern Corporation on August 4, 2025 (Registration Statement No. 333-288838).

Exhibit 99.2: Susquehanna’s unaudited consolidated financial statements for the nine-months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Exhibit 99.3: Unaudited pro forma financial information.

Exhibit 104: Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded in the cover page formatted in Inline XBRL)

2

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

 

CITIZENS & NORTHERN CORPORATION

 

 

 

Dated:  December 11, 2025

By:

/s/ Mark A. Hughes

Mark A. Hughes

 

 

Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer

3

EXHIBIT 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements Nos. 333-162279 and 333-160682 on Form S-3 and Nos. 333-150517 and 333-138398 on Form S-8 of Citizens & Northern Corporation of our report dated March 28, 2025, with respect to the consolidated balance sheets of Susquehanna Community Financial, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years then ended, which appears in this Form 8-KA of Citizens & Northern Corporation dated December 11, 2025.

/s/ S.R. Snodgrass, P.C.

Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania

December 11, 2025


EXHIBIT 99.2

SUSQUEHANNA COMMUNITY FINANCIAL, INC.

WEST MILTON, PENNSYLVANIA

SEPTEMBER 30, 2025


SUSQUEHANNA COMMUNITY FINANCIAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

SEPTEMBER 30, 2025

Page

Number

Financial Statements

Consolidated Balance Sheet - September 30, 2025 (unaudited) and December 31, 20243

Consolidated Statement of Operations (unaudited)4

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (unaudited)5

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (unaudited)6

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited)7

Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements8–25


SUSQUEHANNA COMMUNITY FINANCIAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (UNAUDITED)

    

September 30, 

    

December 31, 

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

2025

2024

ASSETS

 

  

 

  

Cash and due from banks

 

$

6,080

$

5,549

Available-for-sale debt securities, at fair value

 

148,243

 

155,058

Marketable equity securities, at fair value

37

915

Restricted investment in bank stocks, at cost

7,275

6,210

Loans, net of allowance for credit losses of $3,208 and $3,437

396,851

 

389,126

Bank premises and equipment, net

 

10,163

 

10,582

Other real estate owned

 

50

 

0

Accrued interest receivable

 

3,028

 

2,742

Cash surrender value of life insurance

 

7,953

 

7,815

Other assets

 

7,702

 

9,696

TOTAL ASSETS

$

587,382

$

587,693

LIABILITIES

 

 

Interest-bearing deposits

$

470,677

$

460,373

Noninterest-bearing deposits

 

30,360

 

27,624

Total Deposits

 

501,037

 

487,997

Other borrowings

 

45,800

 

62,200

Dividends payable

0

682

Accrued interest payable

 

1,537

 

1,035

Other liabilities

 

2,621

 

2,404

TOTAL LIABILITIES

 

550,995

 

554,318

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

 

 

Common stock, par value $1.00 per share; authorized 5,000,000 shares;

 

 

3,375,000 shares issued and 2,841,314 shares outstanding at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024

 

3,375

 

3,375

Additional paid-in capital

 

455

 

455

Retained earnings

 

53,110

 

55,234

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

(13,672)

 

(18,808)

Treasury stock, at cost; 533,686 shares at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024

 

(6,881)

 

(6,881)

TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

 

36,387

 

33,375

TOTAL LIABILITIES & STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

$

587,382

$

587,693

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

3


SUSQUEHANNA COMMUNITY FINANCIAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

Nine Months Ended

September 30, 

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Data)

2025

2024

INTEREST INCOME:

  

 

  

Interest and fees on loans

$

18,337

$

16,526

Income from available-for-sale debt securities:

 

 

Taxable

 

2,164

 

2,939

Tax-exempt

 

1,251

 

1,396

Dividends on marketable equity securities

35

46

Interest on deposits with other banks

 

65

 

59

Total interest and dividend income

 

21,852

 

20,966

INTEREST EXPENSE:

 

  

 

  

Interest on deposits

 

7,641

 

7,976

Interest on other borrowings

 

1,831

 

2,730

Total interest expense

 

9,472

 

10,706

Net interest income

 

12,380

 

10,260

Provision for credit loss expenses- Loans

 

1,954

 

94

Net interest income after credit loss expense

 

10,426

 

10,166

OTHER INCOME:

 

  

 

  

Service charges on deposit accounts

 

364

 

364

Realized losses on available-for-sale debt securities, net

 

(142)

 

0

Gains on marketable equity securities, net

 

30

 

86

Loss on interest rate swap

 

(205)

 

0

Realized gains on loans sales, net

 

257

 

248

Bank card and credit card interchange fees

437

441

Brokerage fees and commissions

222

309

Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance

138

135

Other operating income

 

967

 

714

Total other income

 

2,068

 

2,297

OTHER EXPENSES:

 

  

 

  

Salaries and employee benefits

6,155

6,401

Occupancy expense

616

532

Furniture and equipment expense

847

958

Automated teller machine expense

 

270

 

257

Data processing expenses

 

1,274

 

900

Pennsylvania corporate and shares taxes

 

276

 

198

Merger-related expenses

1,460

0

Other operating expenses

 

1,955

 

1,505

Total other expenses

 

12,853

 

10,751

(Loss) Income before income tax provision

 

(359)

 

1,712

(Credit) Provision for income taxes

 

(281)

 

57

NET (LOSS) INCOME

$

(78)

$

1,655

(LOSS) EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE - BASIC AND DILUTED

$

(0.03)

$

0.58

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

4


SUSQUEHANNA COMMUNITY FINANCIAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

Nine Months Ended

September 30, 

September 30, 

(In Thousands)

2025

    

2024

Net (loss) income

$

(78)

$

1,655

Unrealized gains on available-for-sale debt securities:

Unrealized holding gains on available-for-sale debt securities

6,359

4,091

Reclassification adjustment for losses realized in earnings (a)

142

0

Other comprehensive gain on available-for-sale debt securities

6,501

4,091

Taxes

 

(1,365)

 

(859)

Net other comprehensive income

 

5,136

 

3,232

Total comprehensive income

$

5,058

$

4,887

(a)Realized losses on available-for-sale debt securities are included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as a separate element of Other Income.

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

5


SUSQUEHANNA COMMUNITY FINANCIAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

    

   

   

   

Accumulated

   

    

   

   

Additional

   

   

Other

   

Nine Months Ended

   

Common

   

Paid-in

   

Retained

   

Comprehensive

   

Treasury

   

September 30, 2025

   

Stock

   

Capital

   

Earnings

   

Loss

   

Stock

   

Total

Balance, December 31, 2024

 

$

3,375

$

455

$

55,234

$

(18,808)

$

(6,881)

$

33,375

Net loss

 

(78)

(78)

Other comprehensive income

 

5,136

5,136

Dividends declared, $0.72 per share

 

(2,046)

(2,046)

Balance, September 30, 2025

 

$

3,375

$

455

$

53,110

$

(13,672)

$

(6,881)

$

36,387

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

 

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Balance, December 31, 2023

 

$

3,375

$

455

$

55,612

$

(17,119)

$

(6,881)

$

35,442

Net income

 

 

  

 

  

 

1,655

 

  

 

  

 

1,655

Other comprehensive income

 

 

  

 

  

 

 

3,232

 

  

 

3,232

Dividends declared, $0.72 per share

 

 

  

 

  

 

(2,045)

 

  

 

  

 

(2,045)

Balance, September 30, 2024

 

$

3,375

$

455

$

55,222

$

(13,887)

$

(6,881)

$

38,284

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

6


SUSQUEHANNA COMMUNITY FINANCIAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

    

Nine Months Ended

 

September 30, 

September 30, 

 

(In Thousands)

2025

    

2024

 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

 

  

 

  

Net (loss) income

$

(78)

$

1,655

Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:

 

 

Provision for depreciation

 

510

 

592

Provision for credit losses

1,954

94

Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance

 

(138)

 

(135)

Gain on bank-owned life insurance benefits

0

(59)

Amortization and accretion of available-for-sale debt securities, net

 

181

 

217

Realized losses on available-for-sale debt securities

 

142

 

0

Gains on marketable equity securities, net

 

(30)

 

(86)

Gain on sales of loans, net

 

(257)

 

(248)

Origination of loans for sale

 

(7,820)

 

(9,270)

Proceeds from sales of loans

 

7,151

 

8,809

Change in:

 

Accrued interest receivable

 

(286)

 

108

Other assets

 

629

 

900

Accrued interest payable

 

502

 

551

Other liabilities

 

217

 

116

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities

 

2,677

 

3,244

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

 

 

  

Proceeds from maturities of available-for-sale debt securities

 

9,079

 

9,236

Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale debt securities

 

3,914

 

0

Proceeds from sales of equity securities

 

908

 

133

Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance

 

0

 

1,576

Purchase of restricted investment in bank stocks

(4,826)

(1,895)

Redemption of restricted investment in bank stocks

3,761

1,507

Net increase in loans

 

(8,803)

 

(19,227)

Acquisition of bank premises and equipment

 

(91)

 

(426)

Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities

 

3,942

 

(9,096)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

 

 

  

Net increase (decrease) in deposits

 

13,040

 

(2,341)

Net (decrease) increase in Federal Home Loan Bank line-of-credit

 

(14,400)

 

9,500

Net (decrease) increase in Atlantic Community Bankers Bank line-of-credit

(2,000)

1,300

Dividends paid

 

(2,728)

 

(2,045)

Net Cash (Used for) Provided by Financing Activities

 

(6,088)

 

6,414

NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

 

531

 

562

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF PERIOD

 

5,549

 

6,058

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF PERIOD

$

6,080

$

6,620

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:

 

 

Foreclosure of real estate loan

$

50

$

0

Interest paid

$

8,970

$

10,155

Income taxes paid

$

275

$

25

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

7


SUSQUEHANNA FINANCIAL COMMUNITY, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Financial Statement Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Susquehanna Community Financial, Inc., and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Susquehanna Community Bank (“Bank”) and Susquehanna Financial Investment Corporation (collectively, the “Corporation”).  All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) require a corporation’s consolidated financial statements to include subsidiaries in which the corporation has a controlling financial interest.  This requirement usually has been applied to subsidiaries in which a corporation has a majority voting interest.

Investments in companies in which the Corporation controls operating and financing decisions (principally defined as owning a voting or economic interest greater than 50%) are consolidated.  Investments in companies in which the Corporation has significant influence over operating and financing decisions (principally defined as owning a voting or economic interest of 20% to 50%) are generally accounted for by the equity method of accounting.  

The unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information.  The preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated balance sheet and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.  In the opinion of management, the interim statements reflect all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Corporation. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. Certain information and footnote disclosure normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP and industry practice have been omitted from interim reporting pursuant to SEC rules.  These Interim Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the Corporation’s audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies followed by the Corporation and used in the preparation of these unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements are disclosed in the Corporation’s annual report for the year ended December 31, 2024 and are unchanged at September 30, 2025.  These policies are in accordance with principles generally accepted in the United States of America and conform to common practices in the banking industry.

8


2. SECURITIES

Debt Securities

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale debt securities at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

(In Thousands)

    

September 30, 2025

Gross

Gross

Unrealized

Unrealized

 

Amortized

 

Holding

 

Holding

Allowance for

Fair

    

Cost

    

Gains

    

Losses

Credit Losses

Value

Obligations of the U.S. Treasury

$

2,098

$

0

$

(139)

$

0

$

1,959

Obligations of U.S. Government agencies

30,541

0

(3,322)

0

27,219

Mortgage-backed securities

63,409

7

(8,202)

0

55,214

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

 

66,300

 

9

 

(5,582)

 

0

 

60,727

Corporate debt securities

 

3,201

7

 

(84)

 

0

 

3,124

Total available-for-sale debt securities

$

165,549

$

23

$

(17,329)

$

0

$

148,243

(In Thousands)

    

December 31, 2024

Gross

Gross

Unrealized

Unrealized

 

Amortized

 

Holding

 

Holding

Allowance for

Fair

    

Cost

    

Gains

    

Losses

Credit Losses

Value

Obligations of the U.S. Treasury

$

2,123

$

0

$

(221)

$

0

$

1,902

Obligations of U.S. Government agencies

33,447

0

(4,737)

0

28,710

Mortgage-backed securities

68,922

0

(11,357)

0

57,565

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

 

68,157

 

0

 

(7,308)

 

0

 

60,849

Corporate debt securities

 

6,216

4

 

(188)

 

0

 

6,032

Total available-for-sale debt securities

$

178,865

$

4

$

(23,811)

$

0

$

155,058

At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, investment securities  with a carrying value of $95,143,000 and $97,638,000, respectively, were pledged to secure certain deposits and for other purposes as required law.

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities by contractual maturity are shown below (in thousands).  Excepted maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Because mortgage-backed securities are not due at a single maturity date, they are not included in the maturity categories in the following maturity summary:

(In Thousands)

September 30, 2025

Amortized

Fair

    

Cost

    

Value

Due in one year or less

$

0

$

0

Due from one year through five years

 

16,862

 

15,893

Due from five years through ten years

 

32,591

 

28,858

Due after ten years

 

52,687

 

48,278

Sub-total

 

102,140

 

93,029

Mortgage-backed securities

 

63,409

 

55,214

Total

$

165,549

$

148,243

9


There is no concentration of investments that exceed 10 precent of shareholders’ equity of any individual issuer, excluding those guaranteed by the U.S government or its agencies.

Gross realized gains and gross realized losses on sales of available-for-sale debt securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, were as follows:

(In Thousands)

Nine Months Ended

September 30, 

September 30, 

    

2025

    

2024

Gross realized gains from sales

$

0

$

0

Gross realized losses from sales

 

142

 

0

Proceeds from sales

3,914

0

Equity Securities

A summary of realized and unrealized gains and (losses) on equity securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, were as follows:

    

(In Thousands)

September 30,

September 30,

 

2025

 

2024

Net unrealized (losses) gains recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date

$

(13)

$

82

Net realized gains recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period

43

4

Gains recognized during the reporting period on equity securities

$

30

$

86

The following tables present gross unrealized losses and fair value of available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, for which no allowance for credit losses has been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

September 30, 2025

    

Less Than 12 Months

    

12 Months or More

    

Total

(In Thousands)

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

 

Value

 

Losses

 

Value

 

Losses

 

Value

 

Losses

Obligations of the U.S. Treasury

$

0

$

0

$

1,959

$

139

$

1,959

$

139

Obligations of U.S. Government agencies

0

0

27,219

3,322

27,219

3,322

Mortgage-backed securities

0

0

54,105

8,202

54,105

8,202

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

2,464

35

56,418

5,547

58,882

5,582

Corporate debt securities

0

0

2,129

84

2,129

84

Total

$

2,464

$

35

$

141,830

$

17,294

$

144,294

$

17,329

December 31, 2024

    

Less Than 12 Months

    

12 Months or More

    

Total

(In Thousands)

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

Fair

Unrealized

 

Value

 

Losses

 

Value

 

Losses

 

Value

 

Losses

Obligations of the U.S. Treasury

$

0

$

0

$

1,902

$

221

$

1,902

$

221

Obligations of U.S. Government agencies

0

0

28,710

4,737

28,710

4,737

Mortgage-backed securities

1,088

26

56,477

11,331

57,565

11,357

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

5,255

163

55,594

7,145

60,849

7,308

Corporate debt securities

0

0

5,527

188

5,527

188

Total

$

6,343

$

189

$

148,210

$

23,622

$

154,553

$

23,811

10


Obligations of U.S. Treasury

Obligations of U.S. Treasuries consist of medium and long-term notes issued by the U.S. Treasury.  These securities have interest rates that are largely fixed-rate, have varying mid- to long-term maturity dates and have contractual cash flows guaranteed by the U.S. Government.

At September 30, 2025, one U.S. Treasury security had an unrealized loss, and this security was in a continuous loss position for twelve months or more.  This unrealized loss relates principally to changes in interest rates subsequent to the acquisition of this specific security.

Obligations of U.S. Government Agencies

Obligations of U.S. government agencies consist of medium and long-term notes issued by Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (FHLMC), Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), and Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB).  These securities have interest rates that are largely fixed-rate, have varying mid- to long-term maturity dates and have contractual cash flows guaranteed by the U.S. Government or agencies of the U.S. Government.

At September 30, 2025, twenty-four U.S. government agency and sponsored agency securities had unrealized losses, and these securities had been in a continuous loss position for twelve months or more.  These unrealized losses relate principally to changes in interest rates subsequent to the acquisition of the specific securities.

Mortgage-Backed Securities

Mortgage-backed securities consist of medium and long-term pools of securitized residential mortgages issued by FHLMC, FNMA, and Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA).  These securities have interest rates that are largely fixed-rate, have varying mid- to long-term maturity dates and have contractual cash flows guaranteed by the U.S. Government or agencies of the U.S. Government.

At September 30, 2025, forty-seven mortgage-backed securities had unrealized losses, and these securities had been in a continuous loss position for twelve months or more.  These unrealized losses relate principally to changes in interest rates subsequent to the acquisition of the specific securities.

Obligations of State and Political Subdivisions

The municipal securities are bank qualified general obligation or revenue-based bonds; rated as investment grade by various credit rating agencies and have fixed rates of interest with mid- to long-term maturities.  Fair values of these securities are highly driven by interest rates.  Management performs ongoing credit quality reviews on these issues.

At September 30, 2025, one hundred forty-four state and political subdivision securities had unrealized losses, and one hundred thirty-nine of the securities had been in a continuous loss position for twelve months or more.  These unrealized losses relate principally to changes in interest rates subsequent to the acquisition of the specific securities.

Corporate Debt Securities

Corporate debt securities consist of debt securities issued by U.S. corporations. These securities have interest rates that are largely fixed-rate and have short- and medium-term maturity dates.  The majority of the corporate issuers are rated investment grade by crediting rating agencies and those issuers that are rated below investment grade have received some type of government support to bolster their creditworthiness.  Management performs ongoing credit quality reviews on these issues.

At September 30, 2025, six corporate debt securities had unrealized losses, and these securities had been in a continuous loss position for twelve months or more.  These unrealized losses relate principally to changes in interest rates subsequent to the acquisition of the specific securities.

The Corporation recognized no credit losses during 2025 and 2024.

11


3. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The composition of the Corporation’s loan portfolio at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024  is as follows:

 

September 30, 

    

December 31, 

 

2025

2024

Commercial real estate

$

130,680

$

130,877

Commercial real estate - construction

21,854

13,415

Commercial and industrial

20,690

22,400

Acquisition, construction & development

215

215

Agricultural

46,622

48,623

Residential mortgage

133,977

128,407

Home equity

33,585

35,193

Consumer - other

4,605

5,845

Obligation of state & political subdivisions

7,831

7,588

Total

400,059

392,563

Less: allowance for credit losses on loans

(3,208)

(3,437)

Loans, net

$

396,851

$

389,126

The following tables summarize the activity in the allowance for credit losses by loan class for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 and information in regards to the allowance of credit losses and the recorded investment in loans receivable by loan class of September 30, 2025 and 2024 (in thousands):

Ending

Ending

Balance:

Balance:

Allowance for Credit Losses

Beginning

Provision

Ending

Individually

Collectively

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

Balance

Charge-offs

Recoveries

(Reduction)

Balance

Evaluated

Evaluated

Commercial real estate

$

2,610

$

0

$

0

$

(54)

$

2,556

$

0

$

2,556

Commercial real estate construction

0

(2,100)

0

2,100

0

0

0

Commercial and industrial

117

(27)

0

(30)

60

0

60

Acquisition, construction & development

215

0

0

0

215

215

0

Agricultural

150

0

0

(38)

112

0

112

Residential mortgage

83

0

0

1

84

17

67

Home equity

14

0

0

(6)

8

0

8

Consumer - Other

157

(73)

17

(15)

86

35

51

Obligations of state & political subdivisions

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Unallocated

 

91

 

0

 

0

 

(4)

 

87

 

0

 

87

Totals

$

3,437

$

(2,200)

$

17

$

1,954

$

3,208

$

267

$

2,941

12


    

Ending Balance:

Ending Balance:

Ending

Individually

Collectively

September 30, 2025

Balance

Evaluated

Evaluated

Commercial real estate

$

130,680

$

507

$

130,173

Commercial real estate construction

21,854

400

21,454

Commercial and industrial

20,690

30

20,660

Acquisition, construction & development

215

215

0

Agricultural

46,622

519

46,103

Residential mortgage

133,977

454

133,523

Home equity

33,585

195

33,390

Consumer - Other

4,605

146

4,459

Obligations of state & political subdivisions

7,831

0

7,831

Total

$

400,059

$

2,466

$

397,593

As reflected in the table above, in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, the Corporation recorded a partial charge-off of $2,100,000 on a commercial construction loan. At September 30, 2025, the amortized cost balance of this loan, net of the partial charge-off was $400,000. This loan was in nonaccrual status at September 30, 2025.

Ending

Ending

Balance:

Balance:

Allowance for Credit Losses

Beginning

Provision

Ending

Individually

Collectively

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

Balance

Charge-offs

Recoveries

(Reduction)

Balance

Evaluated

Evaluated

Commercial real estate

$

2,518

$

0

$

0

$

203

$

2,721

$

0

$

2,721

Commercial real estate construction

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Commercial and industrial

89

0

0

15

104

31

73

Acquisition, construction & development

215

0

0

0

215

215

0

Agricultural

151

0

0

(4)

147

0

147

Residential mortgage

70

0

0

10

80

0

80

Home equity

94

0

0

(80)

14

1

13

Consumer - Other

131

(35)

4

(50)

50

49

1

Obligations of state & political subdivisions

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Unallocated

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

Totals

$

3,268

$

(35)

$

4

$

94

$

3,331

$

296

$

3,035

    

    

Ending Balance:

Ending Balance:

Ending

Individually

Collectively

September 30, 2024

Balance

Evaluated

Evaluated

Commercial real estate

$

128,645

$

0

$

128,645

Commercial real estate construction

13,582

0

13,582

Commercial and industrial

24,036

129

23,907

Acquisition, construction & development

215

215

0

Agricultural

47,545

867

46,678

Residential mortgage

123,978

94

123,884

Home equity

35,329

239

35,090

Consumer - Other

5,777

209

5,568

Obligations of state & political subdivisions

8,457

0

8,457

Total

$

387,564

$

1,753

$

385,811

13


3. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued)

Collateral-Dependent Loans

The following tables presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans (in thousands) as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. Changes in the fair value of the collateral for individually evaluated loans as reported a provision for credit losses or a reversal of provision for credit losses in the period of change.

Type of Collateral

September 30, 2025

Business Assets

Real Estate

Commercial real estate

$

0

$

507

Commercial real estate construction

 

0

400

Commercial and industrial

30

0

Acquisition, construction & development

0

0

Agricultural

0

519

Residential mortgage

0

453

Home equity

0

196

Consumer - Other

0

0

Obligations of state & political subdivisions

0

0

Total

$

30

$

2,075

Type of Collateral

December 31, 2024

Business Assets

Real Estate

Commercial real estate

$

0

$

0

Commercial real estate construction

 

0

 

0

Commercial and industrial

115

0

Acquisition, construction & development

0

0

Agricultural

0

867

Residential mortgage

0

90

Home equity

0

273

Consumer - Other

0

0

Obligations of state & political subdivisions

0

0

Total

$

115

$

1,230

14


3. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued)

Credit Quality Indicators

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the following table presents recorded investment in homogenous loans by internal risk rating system as of September 30, 2025 (in thousands):

Revolving Loans

Amortized

2025

2024

2023

2022

Prior

Cost Basis

Total

Commercial real estate

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

  

 

  

Pass

$

14,379

$

21,999

$

35,724

$

14,963

$

34,922

$

3,294

$

125,281

Special Mention

 

0

 

0

 

2,437

 

396

 

0

 

578

 

3,411

Substandard

0

0

369

520

901

198

1,988

Total

$

14,379

$

21,999

$

38,530

$

15,879

$

35,823

$

4,070

$

130,680

Current Period gross charge-off

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

Commercial real estate - construction

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pass

$

5,145

$

4,822

$

229

$

24

$

821

$

10,413

$

21,454

Special Mention

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

Substandard

0

0

0

400

0

0

400

Total

$

5,145

$

4,822

$

229

$

424

$

821

$

10,413

$

21,854

Current Period gross charge-off

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

2,100

$

0

$

0

$

2,100

Commercial and industrial

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pass

$

3,338

$

3,121

$

1,748

$

959

$

8,055

$

1,725

$

18,946

Special Mention

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

44

 

0

 

1,377

 

1,421

Substandard

0

0

0

0

112

211

323

Total

$

3,338

$

3,121

$

1,748

$

1,003

$

8,167

$

3,313

$

20,690

Current Period gross charge-off

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

27

$

27

Acquisition, construction & development

Pass

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

Special Mention

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

Substandard

0

0

0

0

215

0

215

Total

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

215

$

0

$

215

Current Period gross charge-off

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

Agricultural

Pass

$

3,976

$

3,381

$

2,730

$

2,988

$

27,413

$

1,575

$

42,063

Special Mention

 

0

 

435

 

0

 

0

 

2,194

 

24

 

2,653

Substandard

0

0

0

0

1,906

0

1,906

Total

$

3,976

$

3,816

$

2,730

$

2,988

$

31,513

$

1,599

$

46,622

Current Period gross charge-off

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

Residential Mortgage

Pass

$

15,996

$

18,613

$

28,618

$

26,860

$

41,351

$

0

$

131,438

Special Mention

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

277

 

0

 

277

Substandard

0

0

226

0

2,036

0

2,262

Total

$

15,996

$

18,613

$

28,844

$

26,860

$

43,664

$

0

$

133,977

Current Period gross charge-off

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

Home equity

Pass

$

552

$

878

$

1,048

$

74

$

64

$

30,774

$

33,390

Special Mention

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

Substandard

0

0

0

0

0

195

195

Total

$

552

$

878

$

1,048

$

74

$

64

$

30,969

$

33,585

Current Period gross charge-off

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

15


3. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued)

Amortized

2025

2024

2023

2022

Prior

Cost Basis

Total

Consumer - Other

Pass

$

54

$

90

$

119

$

99

$

1,857

$

2,240

$

4,459

Special Mention

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

Substandard

0

2

6

0

124

14

146

Total

$

54

$

92

$

125

$

99

$

1,981

$

2,254

$

4,605

Current Period gross charge-off

$

0

$

0

$

10

$

5

$

49

$

9

$

73

Obligations of state & political subdivisions

Pass

$

899

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

6,932

$

0

$

7,831

Special Mention

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

Substandard

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Total

$

899

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

6,932

$

0

$

7,831

Current Period gross charge-off

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

Totals

$

44,339

$

53,341

$

73,254

$

47,327

$

129,180

$

52,618

$

400,059

Current period gross charge-off totals

$

0

$

0

$

10

$

2,105

$

49

$

36

$

2,200

16


3. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued)

Credit Quality Indicators

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the following table presents recorded investment in homogenous loans by internal risk rating system as of December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

Revolving Loans

Amortized

2024

2023

2022

2021

Prior

Cost Basis

Total

Commercial real estate

Pass

$

22,491

$

34,602

$

16,296

$

16,258

$

32,393

$

3,527

$

125,567

Special Mention

0

 

2,492

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

1,680

 

4,172

Substandard

0

0

0

457

520

161

1,138

Total

$

22,491

$

37,094

$

16,296

$

16,715

$

32,913

$

5,368

$

130,877

Current Period gross charge-off

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

Commercial real estate - construction

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pass

$

4,438

$

235

$

204

$

280

$

1,186

$

7,072

$

13,415

Special Mention

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

Substandard

 

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Total

$

4,438

$

235

$

204

$

280

$

1,186

$

7,072

$

13,415

Current Period gross charge-off

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

Commercial and industrial

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pass

$

4,113

$

2,690

$

1,883

$

7,497

$

2,194

$

1,537

$

19,914

Special Mention

0

 

0

 

19

 

0

 

0

 

2,050

 

2,069

Substandard

0

0

34

146

0

237

417

Total

$

4,113

$

2,690

$

1,936

$

7,643

$

2,194

$

3,824

$

22,400

Current Period gross charge-off

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

Acquisition, construction & development

Pass

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

Special Mention

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

Substandard

0

0

0

0

215

0

215

Total

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

215

$

0

$

215

Current Period gross charge-off

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

Agricultural

Pass

$

3,570

$

3,140

$

3,467

$

12,078

$

19,322

$

1,667

$

43,244

Special Mention

442

 

0

 

0

 

353

 

1,931

 

49

 

2,775

Substandard

0

0

0

1,412

1,168

24

2,604

Total

$

4,012

$

3,140

$

3,467

$

13,843

$

22,421

$

1,740

$

48,623

Current Period gross charge-off

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

Residential Mortgage

Pass

$

19,305

$

29,303

$

27,539

$

12,625

$

34,417

$

0

$

123,189

Special Mention

0

 

0

 

0

 

133

 

209

 

0

 

342

Substandard

0

0

2,916

1,870

90

0

4,876

Total

$

19,305

$

29,303

$

30,455

$

14,628

$

34,716

$

0

$

128,407

Current Period gross charge-off

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

Home equity

Pass

$

939

$

1,112

$

80

$

0

$

44

$

32,587

$

34,762

Special Mention

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

158

 

158

Substandard

0

0

0

0

0

273

273

Total

$

939

$

1,112

$

80

$

$

44

$

33,018

$

35,193

Current Period gross charge-off

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

17


3. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued)

Revolving Loans

Amortized

2024

2023

2022

2021

Prior

Cost Basis

Total

Consumer - Other

Pass

$

124

$

162

$

176

$

115

$

2,863

$

2,209

$

5,649

Special Mention

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

Substandard

5

20

1

18

119

33

196

Total

$

129

$

182

$

177

$

133

$

2,982

$

2,242

$

5,845

Current Period gross charge-off

$

7

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

13

$

52

$

72

Obligations of state & political subdivisions

Pass

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

7,588

$

0

$

7,588

Special Mention

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

Substandard

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Total

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

7,588

$

0

$

7,588

Current Period gross charge-off

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

0

Totals

$

55,427

$

73,756

$

52,615

$

53,242

$

104,259

$

53,264

$

392,563

Current period gross charge-off totals

$

7

$

0

$

0

$

0

$

13

$

52

$

72

18


3. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued)

Nonperforming loans

The following tables present the amortized cost basis of loans by loan portfolio class on nonaccrual status and loans past due over  90 days still accruing interest (in thousands):

Loans Past

Due Over 90

Nonaccrual

Nonaccrual

Total

Days Still

Total

September 30, 2025

with no ACL

with ACL

Nonaccrual

Accruing

Nonperforming

Commercial real estate

$

507

$

0

$

507

$

0

$

507

Commercial real estate construction

400

0

400

0

400

Commercial and industrial

30

0

30

0

30

Agricultural

519

0

519

0

519

Residential mortgage

147

307

454

0

454

Home equity

 

195

 

0

 

195

 

0

 

195

Consumer - Other

80

66

146

0

146

Total

$

1,878

$

373

$

2,251

$

0

$

2,251

Loans Past

Due Over 90

    

Nonaccrual

Nonaccrual

Total

Days Still

Total

December 31, 2024

 

with no ACL

with ACL

Nonaccrual

Accruing

Nonperforming

Commercial and industrial

$

73

$

42

$

115

$

0

$

115

Agricultural

 

867

 

0

 

867

 

0

 

867

Residential mortgage

90

0

90

0

90

Home equity

223

50

273

0

273

Consumer - Other

 

29

 

164

 

193

 

0

 

193

Total

$

1,282

$

256

$

1,538

$

0

$

1,538

19


3. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES (continued)

The performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio is also monitored by analyzing the age of the loans receivable as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the past due status as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 ( in thousands):

Greater

30-59 Days

60-89 Days

than 90

Total Past

Current

Total Loans

As of September 30, 2025

Past Due

Past Due

Days

Due

Loans

Receivable

Commercial real estate

$

454

$

967

$

0

$

1,421

$

129,259

$

130,680

Commercial real estate construction

0

0

400

400

21,454

21,854

Commercial and industrial

243

129

0

372

20,318

20,690

Acquisition, construction & development

0

0

0

0

215

215

Agricultural

 

2,056

 

1,483

 

454

 

3,993

 

42,629

 

46,622

Residential mortgage

1,428

266

85

1,779

132,198

133,977

Home equity

401

19

27

447

33,138

33,585

Consumer - Other

76

44

63

183

4,422

4,605

Obligations of state & political subdivisions

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

7,831

 

7,831

Total

$

4,658

$

2,908

$

1,029

$

8,595

$

391,464

$

400,059

Greater

30-59 Days

60-89 Days

than 90

Total Past

Current

Total Loans

As of December 31, 2024

Past Due

Past Due

Days

Due

Loans

Receivable

Commercial real estate

$

35

$

538

$

0

$

573

$

130,304

$

130,877

Commercial real estate construction

0

0

0

0

13,415

13,415

Commercial and industrial

324

0

0

324

22,076

22,400

Acquisition, construction & development

0

0

0

0

215

215

Agricultural

 

380

 

474

 

866

 

1,720

 

46,903

 

48,623

Residential mortgage

961

106

0

1,067

127,340

128,407

Home equity

17

58

149

224

34,969

35,193

Consumer - Other

103

58

66

227

5,618

5,845

Obligations of state & political subdivisions

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

 

7,588

 

7,588

Total

$

1,820

$

1,234

$

1,081

$

4,135

$

388,428

$

392,563

Borrowers Having Financial Difficulty

Consistent with accounting and regulator guidance, the Corporation recognizes when a borrower is having financial difficulty and determines if certain modifications are necessary. The Corporation may, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, grant a concession to the borrower that would not normally be considered. Regardless of the form of concession granted, the Corporation’s objective in offering a modification is to increase the probability of repayment of the borrower’s loan. There were no modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 or the year ended December 31, 2024.  

Foreclosed Assets Held for Sale

At September 30, 2025, there were no consumer mortgage loans and at December 31, 2024, there were five consumer mortgage loans totaling $339,000, respectively, in the process of foreclosure.

Loans Held For Sale

Included in residential loans are $1,031,000 at September 30, 2025 and $105,000 at December 31, 2024 of loans held for sale.

20


4. DEPOSITS

Major classifications of deposits at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 consisted of:

(In Thousands)

2025

2024

Demand Deposits

$

30,360

$

27,624

Interest-bearing demand deposits

149,945

142,890

Savings & Money Markets

198,909

212,567

Time deposits

121,823

104,916

Total

$

501,037

$

487,997

Time deposits that meet or exceed the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000 at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were $21,315,000 and $18,718,000, respectively.

At September 30, 2025, the scheduled maturities of time deposits are as follows:

(In Thousands)

2025

$

38,652

2026

76,623

2027

2,872

2028

1,743

2029

1,417

2030

516

Total

$

121,823

5. OTHER BORROWINGS

Other borrowings are summarized as follows:

(In Thousands)

    

September 30, 

    

December 31, 

2025

2024

Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh ("FHLB"): Line of Credit (1)

$

0

$

60,200

Fixed-rate at 4.533%, maturing 10/01/2025

45,800

0

Atlantic Community Bankers Bank ("ACBB"): Line of Credit (2)

 

0

 

2,000

Total

$

45,800

$

62,200

The borrowings with the FHLB are secured by the Corporation's FHLB stock, U.S. government agency and mortgage-backed securities, and first mortgage loans under a collateral pledge and security agreement. The borrowings with the ACBB were secured by Susquehanna Community Bank stock.

(1) The Corporation had an open-ended $96,500,000 line of credit at a variable interest rate. Related information for this short-term borrowing during the nine-months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is summarized as follows (in thousands):

2025

2024

Average balance outstanding during the period

$

47,921

$

60,673

Maximum amount outstanding at any month end

76,500

67,000

Weighted average interest rate at period end

N/A

5.18

%

Average interest rate during the period

4.75

%

5.66

%

21


(2) The Corporation had an open-ended $2,000,000 line of credit at a variable interest rate. Related information for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 is as follows (in thousands):

2025

2024

Average balance outstanding during the period

$

2,000

$

1,697

Maximum amount outstanding at any month end

2,000

2,000

Weighted average interest rate at period end

N/A

9.00

%

Average interest rate during the period

7.99

%

9.00

%

The line of credit with ACBB was terminated, effective September 30, 2025.

6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Corporation measures certain assets at fair value on a recurring basis.  Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

GAAP establishes a framework for measuring fair value that includes a hierarchy used to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value.  The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used in determining valuations into three levels.  The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement.  The levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1 - Fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible to the Corporation for identical assets.  These generally provide the most reliable evidence and are used to measure fair value whenever available.

Level 2 - Fair value is based on significant inputs, other than Level 1 inputs, that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the asset through corroboration with observable market data.  Level 2 inputs include quoted market prices in active markets for similar assets, quoted market prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets and other observable inputs.

Level 3 - Fair value is based on significant unobservable inputs.  Examples of valuation methodologies that would result in level 3 classification included option pricing models, discounted cash flows and other similar techniques.

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the valuation methods used at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows:

September 30, 2025

Quoted Prices

Other Observable

Unobservable

in Active Markets

Inputs

Inputs

Total

(In Thousands)

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Fair Value

AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE DEBT SECURITIES:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

U.S. Treasury Securities

$

1,959

$

0

$

0

$

1,959

U.S. Government agency and sponsored agency securities

0

27,219

0

27,219

Mortgage-backed securities

0

55,214

0

55,214

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

 

0

 

60,727

 

0

 

60,727

Corporate debt securities

 

0

 

3,124

 

0

 

3,124

Total available-for-sale debt securities

$

1,959

$

146,284

$

0

$

148,243

Marketable equity securities

$

37

$

0

$

0

$

37

22


6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED)

December 31, 2024

Quoted Prices

Other Observable

Unobservable

in Active Markets

Inputs

Inputs

Total

(In Thousands)

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Fair Value

AVAILABLE-FOR-SALE DEBT SECURITIES:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

U.S. Treasury Securities

$

1,902

$

0

$

0

$

1,902

U.S. Government agency and sponsored agency securities

0

28,710

0

28,710

Mortgage-backed securities

0

57,565

0

57,565

Obligations of states and political subdivisions

 

0

 

60,849

 

0

 

60,849

Corporate debt securities

 

0

 

6,032

 

0

 

6,032

Total available-for-sale debt securities

$

1,902

$

153,156

$

0

$

155,058

Marketable equity securities

$

915

$

0

$

0

$

915

The Corporation made no transfers between levels in 2025 or 2024.

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and the valuation methods used at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 are as follows (in thousands):

    

    

  

    

  

    

  

Quoted Prices

Other Observable

Unobservable

in Active Markets

Inputs

Inputs

Total

September 30, 2025

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Fair Value

Collateral-dependent loans

$

0

$

0

$

721

 

$

721

Other real estate owned

$

0

$

0

$

50

 

$

50

    

    

  

    

  

    

  

Quoted Prices

Other Observable

Unobservable

in Active Markets

Inputs

Inputs

Total

December 31, 2024

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Fair Value

Collateral-dependent loans

$

0

$

0

$

138

 

$

138

The following table presents additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and for which the Corporation has utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value (in thousands):

    

    

  

    

  

    

  

Fair Value

Valuation

Unobservable

Range

September 30, 2025

Estimates

Technique

Input

(Weighted Average)

Collateral dependent loans

$

721

Appraisal of Collateral (1)

Appraisal Adjustments (2)

0% -100%

Liquidation Expenses (2)

0% -35%

Other real estate owned

50

 

Appraisal of Collateral (1)

Appraisal Adjustments (2)

28%

 

 

Liquidation Expenses (2)

7%

Fair Value

Valuation

Unobservable

Range

December 31, 2024

Estimates

Technique

Input

(Weighted Average)

Collateral dependent loans

$

138

 

Appraisal of Collateral (1)

 

Appraisal Adjustments (2)

 

0% -100%

 

 

Liquidation Expenses (2)

0% -35%

(1) Fair value is generally determined through independent appraisals of the underlying collateral, which generally include various Level 3 inputs which are not observable.

(2) Appraisals may be adjusted for qualitative factors such as economic conditions and estimated liquidation expenses.  The range of liquidation expenses and other appraisal adjustments are presented as a percentage of the appraisal.

23


6. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (CONTINUED)

GAAP requires disclosure of fair value information about financial instruments.  In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. Those techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows.  In that regard, the derived fair value estimates cannot be substantiated by comparison to independent markets and, in many cases, could not be realized in immediate settlement of the instruments. GAAP excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented are not intended to and do not represent the underlying value of the Corporation.

The estimated fair values of the Corporation's financial instruments not carried at fair value are as follows at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 (in thousands):

Valuation

September 30, 2025

December 31, 2024

Method (s)

Carrying

Fair

Carrying

Fair

    

Used

    

Amount

    

Value

    

Amount

    

Value

Financial assets:

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

 

  

Cash and due from banks

 

Level 1

$

6,080

$

6,080

$

5,549

$

5,549

Restricted investments in bank stock

 

Level 2

 

7,275

 

7,275

 

6,210

 

6,210

Loans, net

 

Level 3

 

396,851

 

388,997

 

389,126

 

369,958

Accrued interest receivable

 

Level 2

 

3,028

 

3,028

 

2,742

 

2,742

Mortgage servicing rights (included in Other Assets)

 

Level 3

 

504

 

952

 

538

 

972

Financial liabilities:

 

  

 

 

 

 

Deposits

 

Level 2

 

501,037

433,321

 

487,997

 

418,542

Other borrowings

 

Level 2

 

45,800

45,800

 

62,200

62,200

Accrued interest payable

 

Level 2

 

1,537

1,537

 

1,035

 

1,035

7. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

The following table presents the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component net of tax for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024:

(Dollars in thousands)

    

 

 

Pretax

 

Tax Effect

 

After-tax

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

 

  

 

  

 

  

Balance, beginning of period

$

(23,807)

$

4,999

$

(18,808)

Unrealized holding gain on available-for-sale securities arising during the period

 

6,501

 

(1,365)

 

5,136

Total other comprehensive income

6,501

(1,365)

 

5,136

Balance, end of period

$

(17,306)

$

3,634

$

(13,672)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024

 

  

 

  

 

  

Balance, beginning of period

$

(21,670)

$

4,551

$

(17,119)

Unrealized holding gain on available-for-sale securities arising during the period

 

4,091

 

(859)

 

3,232

Total other comprehensive income

4,091

(859)

 

3,232

Balance, end of period

$

(17,579)

$

3,692

$

(13,887)

24


8. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT

At December 31, 2024, the Corporation was a party to an interest rate swap agreement with a third party.  The interest rate swap agreement was part of a fair value hedge of a closed pool of the Corporation’s fixed-rate securities.  The notional amount of the interest rate swap was $50,000,000 at December 31, 2024.

In the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025, the interest rate swap was terminated, resulting in a loss of $205,000 that is included in other income in the unaudited Consolidated Statement of Income.

At September 30, 2025, the Corporation was not a party to any derivative financial instruments.

9. BUSINESS COMBINATION – MERGER WITH CITIZENS & NORTHERN CORPORATION

On April 23, 2025, Citizens & Northern Corporation (“C&N”) and Susquehanna Community Financial, Inc. announced the signing of an Agreement and Plan of Merger. Effective October 1, 2025, the merger was completed. Under the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, Susquehanna Community Financial, Inc. merged with and into C&N, with C&N remaining as the surviving entity and Susquehanna Community Bank merged with and into Citizens & Northern Bank (C&N’s wholly-owned banking subsidiary) with Citizens & Northern Bank as the surviving entity.

At the effective time of the merger, Susquehanna Community Financial, Inc.’s shareholders became entitled to exchange each share of Susquehanna common stock owned for 0.80 shares of C&N common stock.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Corporation incurred pre-tax merger-related expenses of $1,460,000, including investment banking, legal and other professional expenses and compensation-related expense.

25


Exhibit 99.3

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

(In thousands of dollars, except per share data)

On April 23, 2025, Citizens & Northern Corporation (“C&N”) and Susquehanna Community Financial, Inc. (“Susquehanna”) announced the signing of an Agreement and Plan of Merger. Effective October 1, 2025, the merger was completed. Under the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, Susquehanna merged with and into C&N, with C&N remaining as the surviving entity and Susquehanna Community Bank (Susquehanna’s wholly-owned subsidiary) merged with and into Citizens & Northern Bank (C&N’s wholly-owned banking subsidiary) with Citizens & Northern Bank as the surviving entity.

The unaudited pro forma combined condensed consolidated financial information has been prepared using the acquisition method of accounting, giving effect to the merger. The unaudited pro forma combined condensed consolidated balance sheet combines the historical information of C&N and Susquehanna as of September 30, 2025, and assumes the merger was completed on that date. The unaudited pro forma combined condensed consolidated income statement combines the historical financial information of C&N and Susquehanna and gives effect to the merger as if it had been completed as of January 1, 2024 and carried forward through December 31, 2024 and the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The unaudited pro forma combined condensed consolidated financial information is presented for illustrative purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations or financial condition had the merger been completed on the date described above, nor is it necessarily indicative of the results of operations in future periods or the future financial condition and results of operations of the combined entities. The financial information should be read in conjunction with the accompanying notes to the unaudited pro forma combined condensed consolidated financial information. Certain reclassifications have been made to Susquehanna historical financial information to conform to C&N’s presentation of financial information.

The value of C&N’s common stock recorded as consideration in the merger is based on the average of the high and low trading price of C&N’s common stock on October 1, 2025, which is the merger completion date. For purposes of the pro forma financial information, the fair value of C&N’s common stock issued in connection with the merger was $19.64 per share.

The pro forma financial information includes estimated adjustments, including adjustments to record Susquehanna’s assets and liabilities at their respective fair values. The pro forma adjustments are subject to change based on additional information as it becomes available. The final allocation of the purchase price will be determined after the merger is completed and after a more thorough analysis to determine the fair value of Susquehanna’s assets and liabilities has been completed. Changes in the estimated fair values of the net assets as compared with the information presented in the unaudited pro forma combined condensed consolidated financial information may change the amount of the purchase price allocated to goodwill and other assets and liabilities and may impact C&N’s statement of income due to adjustments in amortization of the adjusted assets and liabilities. Also, any changes in Susquehanna’s stockholders’ equity will change the purchase price allocation, which may result in an adjustment to the amount of goodwill recorded. The final adjustments may vary materially from the adjustments reflected in the unaudited pro forma financial information herein.

In November 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-08, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326). ASU 2025-08 expands the use of the gross up method to certain acquired loans beyond purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The ASU applies the gross-up method to acquired non-PCD assets that are purchased seasoned loans ultimately eliminating the Day 1 credit loss expense and reducing interest income recognized in subsequent periods. The ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and is applied on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted, and C&N’s management expects to adopt the ASU in accounting for this business combination in the fourth quarter of 2025. If the ASU is adopted early, the impact would be to remove the Day 1 provision for credit losses of $4.1 million and instead gross up loans and the allowance for credit losses, and reduce goodwill, recorded in the acquisition.

C&N’s management expects the merger will provide the combined company with financial benefits that include reduced operating expenses. The unaudited pro forma combined condensed consolidated financial information, while helpful in illustrating the financial characteristics of the combined company under one set of assumptions, does not reflect the benefits of expected cost savings or opportunities to earn additional revenue, and accordingly does not attempt to predict or suggest future results. Also, the unaudited pro forma combined condensed consolidated statements of income presented herein does not necessarily reflect what the historical results of the combined company would have been had the companies been combined during this period.

The unaudited pro forma combined condensed consolidated financial information has been derived from and should be read in conjunction with the historical consolidated financial information and related notes, which are contained in C&N’s 10-Q for the three-month and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025, Susquehanna’s audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024 which were included in C&N’s Form S-4 filed on July 22, 2025, and Susquehanna’s unaudited financial statements for the nine-month period ended September 30, 2025 which appear elsewhere in this document.

1


Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet

As of September 30, 2025

Transaction

C&N

Susquehanna

Accounting

Pro Forma

Note

(Dollars in Thousands)

Historical

Historical

Adjustments

Combined

Reference

ASSETS

Cash and due from banks

    

$

123,090

    

$

6,080

    

$

(2)

    

$

129,168

    

(1)

Available-for-sale debt securities

415,313

148,243

(627)

562,929

(2)

Loans receivable

1,945,107

400,059

(9,700)

2,335,466

Allowance for credit losses on loans

(23,474)

(3,208)

(4,492)

(31,174)

Loans, net

1,921,633

396,851

(14,192)

2,304,292

(3)

Bank-owned life insurance

52,614

7,953

0

60,567

Bank premises and equipment, net

21,055

10,163

(3,210)

28,008

(4)

Goodwill

52,505

0

11,500

64,005

(1)

Core deposit intangibles, net

1,762

0

10,222

11,984

(5)

Deferred tax asset, net

16,759

4,458

1,816

23,033

(6)

Other assets

59,302

13,634

(37)

72,899

(7)

TOTAL ASSETS

$

2,664,033

$

587,382

$

5,470

$

3,256,885

LIABILITIES

Deposits:

Noninterest-bearing

$

508,475

$

30,360

$

0

$

538,835

Interest-bearing

1,657,260

470,677

451

2,128,388

(8)

Total deposits

2,165,735

501,037

451

2,667,223

Borrowed funds

149,335

45,800

0

195,135

Subordinated debt, net

24,919

0

0

24,919

Other liabilities

30,085

4,158

5,281

39,524

(9)

TOTAL LIABILITIES

2,370,074

550,995

5,732

2,926,801

STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Preferred stock

0

0

0

0

Common stock

16,030

3,375

(1,102)

18,303

Paid-in capital

143,352

455

41,713

185,520

Retained earnings

171,733

53,110

(61,379)

163,454

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

(26,026)

(13,672)

13,672

(26,026)

Treasury stock, at cost

(11,130)

(6,881)

6,844

(11,167)

TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

293,959

36,387

(262)

330,084

(10)

TOTAL LIABILITIES & STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

$

2,664,033

$

587,382

$

5,470

$

3,256,885

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited pro forma combined condensed consolidated financial statements.

2


Citizens & Northern Corporation

Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income

For the Year Ended December 31, 2024

Transaction

C&N

Susquehanna

Accounting

Pro Forma

Note

(In Thousands)

Historical

Historical

Adjustments

Combined

Reference

INTEREST INCOME

    

    

    

    

    

Interest and fees on loans

$

112,792

$

22,337

$

1,624

$

136,753

(3)

Income from available-for-sale debt securities

10,853

5,632

2,242

18,727

(2)

Other interest income

4,433

142

4,575

Total interest and dividend income

128,078

28,111

3,866

160,055

INTEREST EXPENSE

Interest on deposits

39,200

10,576

(451)

49,325

(8)

Interest on borrowed funds and senior and subordinated debt

9,763

3,596

13,359

Total interest expense

48,963

14,172

(451)

62,684

Net interest income

79,115

13,939

4,317

97,371

Provision for credit losses

2,195

225

4,100

6,520

(3)

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

76,920

13,714

217

90,851

NONINTEREST INCOME

Trust revenue

7,928

0

7,928

Brokerage and insurance revenue

2,271

374

2,645

Service charges on deposit accounts

5,867

487

6,354

Interchange revenue from debit card transactions

4,276

584

4,860

Net gains from sale of loans

1,158

339

1,497

Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance

1,830

182

2,012

Other noninterest income

5,879

1,025

6,904

Realized (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities, net

0

(150)

(150)

Total noninterest income

29,209

2,841

0

32,050

NONINTEREST EXPENSE

Salaries and employee benefits

44,930

8,197

53,127

Net occupancy and equipment expense

5,473

1,781

(103)

7,151

(4)

Data processing and telecommunications expense

7,768

1,370

9,138

Automated teller machine and interchange expense

1,818

348

2,166

Pennsylvania shares tax

1,733

271

2,004

Merger-related expenses

0

0

6,453

6,453

(11)

Other noninterest expense

12,536

2,118

2,960

17,614

(5)

Total noninterest expense

74,258

14,085

9,310

97,653

Income before income tax provision

31,871

2,470

(9,093)

25,248

Income tax provision

5,913

121

(1,953)

4,081

(12)

NET INCOME

$

25,958

$

2,349

$

(7,140)

$

21,167

EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE - BASIC AND DILUTED

$

1.69

$

0.83

$

1.20

(13)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited pro forma combined condensed consolidated financial statements.

3


Citizens & Northern Corporation

Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

Transaction

C&N

Susquehanna

Accounting

Pro Forma

Note

(In Thousands)

    

Historical

    

Historical

    

Adjustments

    

Combined

    

Reference

INTEREST INCOME

Interest and fees on loans

$

86,423

$

18,337

$

1,161

$

105,921

(3)

Income from available-for-sale debt securities

8,741

3,415

1,682

13,838

(2)

Other interest income

2,649

100

2,749

Total interest and dividend income

97,813

21,852

2,843

122,508

INTEREST EXPENSE

Interest on deposits

28,332

7,641

0

35,973

(8)

Interest on borrowed funds and senior and subordinated debt

6,101

1,831

7,932

Total interest expense

34,433

9,472

0

43,905

Net interest income

63,380

12,380

2,843

78,603

Provision for credit losses

4,753

1,954

6,707

Net interest income after provision for credit losses

58,627

10,426

2,843

71,896

NONINTEREST INCOME

Trust revenue

6,125

0

6,125

Brokerage and insurance revenue

1,542

223

1,765

Service charges on deposit accounts

4,333

364

4,697

Interchange revenue from debit card transactions

3,391

437

3,828

Net gains from sale of loans

925

257

1,182

Increase in cash surrender value of life insurance

1,400

138

1,538

Other noninterest income

4,738

791

5,529

Realized (losses) on available-for-sale debt securities, net

0

(142)

(142)

Total noninterest income

22,454

2,068

0

24,522

NONINTEREST EXPENSE

Salaries and employee benefits

34,119

6,155

40,274

Net occupancy and equipment expense

4,198

1,463

(77)

5,584

(4)

Data processing and telecommunications expense

5,991

1,274

7,265

Automated teller machine and interchange expense

1,319

270

1,589

Pennsylvania shares tax

1,435

276

1,711

Merger-related expenses

1,049

1,460

2,509

Other noninterest expense

9,719

1,955

1,553

13,227

(5)

Total noninterest expense

57,830

12,853

1,476

72,159

Income (loss) before income tax provision

23,251

(359)

1,367

24,259

Income tax provision (credit)

4,290

(281)

301

4,310

(12)

NET INCOME (LOSS)

$

18,961

$

(78)

$

1,066

$

19,949

EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE - BASIC AND DILUTED

$

1.22

$

(0.03)

$

1.12

(13)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited pro forma combined condensed consolidated financial statements.

4


Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet

(1)

Under the terms of the merger agreement, Susquehanna has merged into C&N, with Susquehanna shareholders receiving 0.8 shares of C&N stock for each share of Susquehanna held along with cash in lieu of stock for any fractional shares. The unaudited pro forma combined condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared using the acquisition method of accounting, giving effect to the merger. The unaudited pro forma combined condensed consolidated balance sheet combines the historical information of C&N and Susquehanna as of September 30, 2025, and assumes the merger was completed on that date. The unaudited pro forma combined condensed consolidated statements of income combine the historical financial information of C&N and Susquehanna and give effect to the merger as of January 1, 2024 and carried through December 31, 2024 and the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

The merger consideration and allocation of the purchase price is as follows:

(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

Common shares of Susquehanna at September 30, 2025

    

2,841,314

Exchange ratio

0.8

2,273,051

Less: impact of fractional shares

(103)

C&N shares issued

2,272,948

Price per share of C&N common stock (average of the high and low trading price on October 1, 2025)

$

19.64

Value of C&N stock consideration

$

44,641

Cash paid in lieu of fractional shares

2

Total merger consideration

$

44,643

Susquehanna

Fair

Book

Value

Fair

Value

Adjustments

Value

Merger consideration

    

    

    

$

44,643

Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired liabilities assumed:

Cash and due from banks

$

6,080

$

0

$

6,080

Available-for-sale debt securities

148,243

(627)

147,616

Loans, net of allowance for credit losses

396,851

(10,092)

386,759

Bank-owned life insurance

7,953

0

7,953

Bank premises and equipment, net

10,163

(3,210)

6,953

Core deposit intangibles, net

0

10,222

10,222

Deferred tax asset, net

4,458

914

5,372

Other assets

13,634

0

13,634

Total identifiable assets acquired

587,382

(2,793)

584,589

Deposits

501,037

451

501,488

Borrowed funds

45,800

0

45,800

Other liabilities

4,158

0

4,158

Total liabilities assumed

550,995

451

551,446

Total identifiable net assets

36,387

(3,244)

33,143

Goodwill

0

11,500

11,500

Total Allocation

$

36,387

$

8,256

$

44,643

(2)

The pro forma adjustment to available-for-sale debt securities reflects the impact of an updated assessment by C&N’s management. Adjustments to the statements of income include prospective reclassification of the unrealized loss of $17.9 million to an amortizing discount, amortized into income based on the expected life of the securities.

In October 2025, C&N sold most of the available-for-sale debt securities acquired from Susquehanna. Proceeds from the sales totaled $143.2 million with no realized gain or loss on the sales. Proceeds were primarily used to purchase available-for-sale debt securities and to pay off Susquehanna’s short-term borrowing of $45.8 million at September 30, 2025.

5


(3)

The pro forma adjustments to loans receivable and the allowance for credit losses (ACL) on loans as of September 30, 2025 are as follows: (i) interest rate-related reduction of $7.4 million, or 1.8% of Susquehanna’s total loans receivable (yield mark); (ii) gross credit-related reduction of $5.9 million, or 1.5% of Susquehanna’s total loans receivable, including $2.3 million on loans not considered to be Purchased Credit Deteriorated (PCD) and $3.6 million on loans preliminarily evaluated as PCD; (iii) increase in loans receivable and the ACL of $3.6 million, representing a gross up of PCD loans; (iv) elimination of Susquehanna’s ACL of $3.2 million; and (v) an assumed increase in the ACL of $4.1 million that would be recorded subsequent to the acquisition through a Day 1 charge to the provision for credit losses which is included in the unaudited pro forma combined condensed consolidated statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2024. The pro forma adjustment to interest and fees on loans includes accretion of the credit risk fair value adjustment on non-PCD loans and the interest rate-related fair value adjustment, assuming an average life of the portfolio of 4.7 years. C&N is in the process of updating the analysis of the fair value of loans as of the merger completion date, including updated assessments of credit quality and the impact of changes in interest rates.

In November 2025, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2025-08, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326). ASU 2025-08 expands the use of the gross up method to certain acquired loans beyond purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. The ASU applies the gross-up method to acquired non-PCD assets that are purchased seasoned loans ultimately eliminating the Day 1 credit loss expense and reducing interest income recognized in subsequent periods. The ASU is effective for interim and annual reporting periods in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and is applied on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted, and C&N’s management expects to adopt the ASU in accounting for this business combination in the fourth quarter of 2025. If the ASU is adopted early, the impact would be to remove the Day 1 provision for credit losses of $4.1 million and instead gross up loans and the allowance for credit losses, and reduce goodwill, recorded in the acquisition.

(4)

The pro forma balance sheet adjustment to bank premises and equipment is based primarily on a comparison of third-party appraisals to Susquehanna’s net book values of the real estate for its branch locations. The pro forma statements of income include, within net occupancy and equipment expense, a decrease in depreciation expense attributable to the assumed fair value adjustments of $103,000 in the year ended December 31, 2024 and $77,000 in the nine months ended September 30, 2025. C&N is in the process of completing the analysis of the fair value of bank premises and equipment as of the merger completion date.

(5)

The estimated value of the core deposit intangible was determined based on a preliminary assessment of Susquehanna’s core deposits, including assessment of financial, economic, market and other conditions as of the merger date. For this purpose, core deposits include all of Susquehanna’s deposits at September 30, 2025, except for time deposits and public funds. Amortization of the core deposit intangible asset, which is included in other noninterest expense in the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statements of income, is based on the estimated useful life of each category of core deposit based on accelerated methods consistent with account run-off assumptions. C&N is in the process of completing an analysis of the core deposit intangible as of the merger completion date.

(6)

The pro forma adjustments to the deferred tax asset, net, reflect the impact of the fair value adjustments and recognition of the ACL on acquired non-PCD loans, at an assumed effective tax rate of 22%.

(7)

The pro forma reduction in other assets reflects C&N’s acquisition of shares of C&N common stock held by Susquehanna prior to the merger.

(8)

The pro forma balance sheet adjustment to interest-bearing deposits reflects differences in interest rates, based on comparison of rates on Susquehanna’s time deposits to market rates at September 30, 2025 for maturity dates corresponding to the maturity dates of Susquehanna’s time deposits. The fair value adjustment is amortized over the estimated life of the applicable time deposits of 1.0 year.

(9)

The pro forma increase in other liabilities includes the accrual of merger-related expenses, net of tax, of $5.1 million to be incurred by C&N, and the estimated direct costs to issue C&N stock in the merger of $200,000.

6


(10)

The pro forma adjustment to stockholders’ equity includes the following components (in thousands):

Total estimated merger consideration, net of equity issuance costs and cash paid in lieu of issuing fractional shares

    

$

44,441

Estimated C&N merger-related expenses, net of tax

(5,081)

Treasury shares acquisition of C&N shares held by Susquehanna

(37)

ACL on acquired non-PCD loans, net of tax

(3,198)

Less: retirement of Susquehanna's equity

(36,387)

Net impact of transaction accounting adjustments on equity

$

(262)

(11)

The pro forma statement of income for the year ended December 31, 2024 includes an adjustment for C&N’s estimated merger-related expenses to be incurred subsequent to September 30, 2025 totaling $6,453,000. C&N’s estimated merger-related expenses include wages and benefit costs related to severance and similar matters, costs associated with data processing and other contract terminations and data conversion, legal and professional fees related to contract negotiations, acquisition and other matters, and other expenses directly related to the merger.

(12)

The pro forma adjustment to the income tax provision reflects an assumed 22% tax rate on transaction adjustments except for certain merger-related expenses that are assumed to be nondeductible.

(13)

Unaudited pro forma earnings per common share is calculated using C&N’s historic weighted average common shares outstanding plus the common shares issued to Susquehanna’s shareholders in the merger. The following table sets forth the calculation of unaudited pro forma earnings per common share for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

(In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Data)

Nine

Year

Months

Ended

Ended

December 31,

Sept. 30,

    

2024

    

2025

Pro forma net income

$

21,167

$

19,949

Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities

(150)

(141)

Pro forma net income attributable to common shares

21,017

19,808

Weighted-average common shares outstanding:

C&N, historical

15,262,504

15,371,733

Shares issued to Susquehanna shareholders

2,272,948

2,272,948

Pro forma weighted-average common shares outstanding

17,535,452

17,644,681

Pro forma earnings per common share - basic and diluted

$

1.20

$

1.12

7