| (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation) | (Commission File Number) | (IRS Employer Identification No.) | ||||||||||||
| (Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) | |||||||
| Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) | |||||||||||
| Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) | |||||||||||
| Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) | |||||||||||
| Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) | |||||||||||
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||||||||
| EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY - EMN | ||||||||
| EASTMAN CHEMICAL COMPANY - EMN | ||||||||
Eastman Chemical Company | ||||||||
| By: | /s/ Michelle R. Stewart | |||||||
| Michelle R. Stewart | ||||||||
| Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer and Corporate Controller | ||||||||
Date: July 25, 2024 | ||||||||
| (In millions, except per share amounts; unaudited) | 2Q2024 | 2Q2023 | ||||||
| Sales revenue | $2,363 | $2,324 | ||||||
| Earnings before interest and taxes ("EBIT") | 337 | 323 | ||||||
| Adjusted EBIT* | 353 | 336 | ||||||
| Earnings per diluted share | 1.94 | 2.27 | ||||||
| Adjusted earnings per diluted share* | 2.15 | 1.99 | ||||||
Net cash used in operating activities | 367 | 410 | ||||||
| Item | Page | |||||||
| Second Quarter | First Six Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts; unaudited) | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sales | $ | 2,363 | $ | 2,324 | $ | 4,673 | $ | 4,736 | |||||||||||||||
Cost of sales (1)(2) | 1,764 | 1,740 | 3,542 | 3,623 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 599 | 584 | 1,131 | 1,113 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 180 | 185 | 371 | 376 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development expenses | 60 | 60 | 119 | 122 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net | — | — | 11 | 22 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other components of post-employment (benefit) cost, net | (4) | (3) | (9) | (6) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) charges, net | 26 | 19 | 39 | 30 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings before interest and taxes | 337 | 323 | 600 | 569 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest expense | 50 | 54 | 99 | 106 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings before income taxes | 287 | 269 | 501 | 463 | |||||||||||||||||||
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | 56 | (3) | 105 | 57 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings | 231 | 272 | 396 | 406 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest | 1 | — | 1 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings attributable to Eastman | $ | 230 | $ | 272 | $ | 395 | $ | 406 | |||||||||||||||
| Basic earnings per share attributable to Eastman | $ | 1.96 | $ | 2.28 | $ | 3.37 | $ | 3.41 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share attributable to Eastman | $ | 1.94 | $ | 2.27 | $ | 3.33 | $ | 3.39 | |||||||||||||||
| Shares (in millions) outstanding at end of period | 116.9 | 118.6 | 116.9 | 118.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shares (in millions) used for earnings per share calculation | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 117.3 | 118.8 | 117.4 | 118.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 118.6 | 119.6 | 118.5 | 119.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Second Quarter | First Six Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, unaudited) | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sales by Segment | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advanced Materials | $ | 795 | $ | 739 | $ | 1,543 | $ | 1,481 | |||||||||||||||
Additives & Functional Products | 718 | 747 | 1,422 | 1,524 | |||||||||||||||||||
Chemical Intermediates | 515 | 514 | 1,038 | 1,103 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Fibers | 330 | 323 | 661 | 626 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Sales by Segment | 2,358 | 2,323 | 4,664 | 4,734 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other | 5 | 1 | 9 | 2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Eastman Chemical Company | $ | 2,363 | $ | 2,324 | $ | 4,673 | $ | 4,736 | |||||||||||||||
| First Quarter | ||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, unaudited) | 2024 | |||||||
| Sales by Segment | ||||||||
| Advanced Materials | $ | 748 | ||||||
| Additives & Functional Products | 704 | |||||||
| Chemical Intermediates | 523 | |||||||
| Fibers | 331 | |||||||
| Total Sales by Segment | 2,306 | |||||||
| Other | 4 | |||||||
| Total Eastman Chemical Company | $ | 2,310 | ||||||
Second Quarter 2024 Compared to Second Quarter 2023 | ||||||||||||||
| Change in Sales Revenue Due To | ||||||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | Revenue % Change | Volume / Product Mix Effect | Price Effect | Exchange Rate Effect | ||||||||||
| Advanced Materials | 8 | % | 12 | % | (4) | % | — | % | ||||||
| Additives & Functional Products | (4) | % | — | % | (4) | % | — | % | ||||||
| Chemical Intermediates | — | % | 6 | % | (6) | % | — | % | ||||||
| Fibers | 2 | % | 1 | % | 1 | % | — | % | ||||||
Total Eastman Chemical Company | 2 | % | 6 | % | (4) | % | — | % | ||||||
First Six Months 2024 Compared to First Six Months 2023 | ||||||||||||||
| Change in Sales Revenue Due To | ||||||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | Revenue % Change | Volume / Product Mix Effect | Price Effect | Exchange Rate Effect | ||||||||||
| Advanced Materials | 4 | % | 9 | % | (4) | % | (1) | % | ||||||
| Additives & Functional Products | (7) | % | 1 | % | (8) | % | — | % | ||||||
| Chemical Intermediates | (6) | % | 4 | % | (10) | % | — | % | ||||||
| Fibers | 6 | % | 3 | % | 3 | % | — | % | ||||||
| Total Eastman Chemical Company | (1) | % | 5 | % | (6) | % | — | % | ||||||
Second Quarter 2024 Compared to First Quarter 2024 | ||||||||||||||
| Change in Sales Revenue Due To | ||||||||||||||
| (Unaudited) | Revenue % Change | Volume / Product Mix Effect | Price Effect | Exchange Rate Effect | ||||||||||
| Advanced Materials | 6 | % | 7 | % | (1) | % | — | % | ||||||
| Additives & Functional Products | 2 | % | 2 | % | — | % | — | % | ||||||
| Chemical Intermediates | (2) | % | (5) | % | 3 | % | — | % | ||||||
| Fibers | — | % | — | % | — | % | — | % | ||||||
| Total Eastman Chemical Company | 2 | % | 2 | % | — | % | — | % | ||||||
| Second Quarter | First Six Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, unaudited) | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sales by Customer Location | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| United States and Canada | $ | 994 | $ | 1,000 | $ | 1,963 | $ | 2,065 | |||||||||||||||
| Europe, Middle East, and Africa | 650 | 635 | 1,309 | 1,344 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Asia Pacific | 590 | 557 | 1,154 | 1,078 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Latin America | 129 | 132 | 247 | 249 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Eastman Chemical Company | $ | 2,363 | $ | 2,324 | $ | 4,673 | $ | 4,736 | |||||||||||||||
| Second Quarter | First Six Months | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, unaudited) | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advanced Materials | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings before interest and taxes | $ | 131 | $ | 99 | $ | 235 | $ | 185 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Additives & Functional Products | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings before interest and taxes | 123 | 140 | 232 | 264 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chemical Intermediates | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings before interest and taxes | 22 | 39 | 38 | 81 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fibers | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings before interest and taxes | 122 | 106 | 239 | 171 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net | — | — | — | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Accelerated depreciation | — | — | — | 23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Excluding non-core items | 122 | 106 | 239 | 200 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss before interest and taxes | (61) | (61) | (144) | (132) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net (2) | — | — | 11 | 16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Steam line incident (insurance proceeds) costs, net | — | — | — | (8) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Environmental and other costs (3) | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Excluding non-core and unusual items | (45) | (48) | (117) | (111) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Eastman Chemical Company | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings before interest and taxes | 337 | 323 | 600 | 569 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net | — | — | 11 | 22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Steam line incident (insurance proceeds) costs, net | — | — | — | (8) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environmental and other costs | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accelerated depreciation | — | — | — | 23 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total earnings before interest and taxes excluding non-core and unusual items | $ | 353 | $ | 336 | $ | 627 | $ | 619 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Company Non-GAAP Earnings Before Interest and Taxes Reconciliations by Line Items | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings before interest and taxes | $ | 337 | $ | 323 | $ | 600 | $ | 569 | ||||||||||||||||||
Cost of sales | — | — | — | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net | — | — | 11 | 22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (income) charges, net | 16 | 13 | 16 | 13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total earnings before interest and taxes excluding non-core and unusual items | $ | 353 | $ | 336 | $ | 627 | $ | 619 | ||||||||||||||||||
| First Quarter | ||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, unaudited) | 2024 | |||||||
| Advanced Materials | ||||||||
| Earnings before interest and taxes | $ | 104 | ||||||
| Additives & Functional Products | ||||||||
| Earnings before interest and taxes | 109 | |||||||
| Chemical Intermediates | ||||||||
| Earnings before interest and taxes | 16 | |||||||
| Fibers | ||||||||
| Earnings before interest and taxes | 117 | |||||||
| Other | ||||||||
| Loss before interest and taxes | (83) | |||||||
Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net | 11 | |||||||
| Excluding non-core and unusual items | (72) | |||||||
| Total Eastman Chemical Company | ||||||||
| Earnings before interest and taxes | 263 | |||||||
| Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net | 11 | |||||||
| Total earnings before interest and taxes excluding non-core and unusual items | $ | 274 | ||||||
| Company Non-GAAP Earnings Before Interest and Taxes Reconciliations by Line Items | ||||||||
| Earnings before interest and taxes | 263 | |||||||
| Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net | 11 | |||||||
| Total earnings before interest and taxes excluding non-core and unusual items | $ | 274 | ||||||
| Second Quarter | First Six Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, unaudited) | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBIT | Adjusted EBIT Margin | Adjusted EBIT | Adjusted EBIT Margin | Adjusted EBIT | Adjusted EBIT Margin | Adjusted EBIT | Adjusted EBIT Margin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advanced Materials | $ | 131 | 16.5 | % | $ | 99 | 13.4 | % | $ | 235 | 15.2 | % | $ | 185 | 12.5 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
Additives & Functional Products | 123 | 17.1 | % | 140 | 18.7 | % | 232 | 16.3 | % | 264 | 17.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Chemical Intermediates | 22 | 4.3 | % | 39 | 7.6 | % | 38 | 3.7 | % | 81 | 7.3 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fibers | 122 | 37.0 | % | 106 | 32.8 | % | 239 | 36.2 | % | 200 | 31.9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total segment EBIT excluding non-core and unusual items | 398 | 16.9 | % | 384 | 16.5 | % | 744 | 16.0 | % | 730 | 15.4 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other | (45) | (48) | (117) | (111) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total EBIT excluding non-core and unusual items | $ | 353 | 14.9 | % | $ | 336 | 14.5 | % | $ | 627 | 13.4 | % | $ | 619 | 13.1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| First Quarter | ||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, unaudited) | 2024 | |||||||
| Adjusted EBIT | Adjusted EBIT Margin | |||||||
| Advanced Materials | $ | 104 | 13.9 | % | ||||
Additives & Functional Products | 109 | 15.5 | % | |||||
Chemical Intermediates | 16 | 3.1 | % | |||||
| Fibers | 117 | 35.3 | % | |||||
| Total segment EBIT excluding non-core and unusual items | 346 | 15.0 | % | |||||
Other | (72) | |||||||
| Total EBIT excluding non-core and unusual items | $ | 274 | 11.9 | % | ||||
| Second Quarter 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings Before Interest and Taxes | Earnings Before Income Taxes | Provision for Income Taxes | Effective Income Tax Rate | Net Earnings Attributable to Eastman | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, unaudited) | After Tax | Per Diluted Share | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As reported (GAAP) | $ | 337 | $ | 287 | $ | 56 | 20 | % | $ | 230 | $ | 1.94 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Core and Unusual Items: (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environmental and other costs | 16 | 16 | 3 | 13 | 0.10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interim adjustment to tax provision (2) | — | — | (13) | 13 | 0.11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP (Excluding non-core and unusual items and with adjusted provision for income taxes) | $ | 353 | $ | 303 | $ | 46 | 16 | % | $ | 256 | $ | 2.15 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Second Quarter 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings Before Interest and Taxes | Earnings Before Income Taxes | Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes | Effective Income Tax Rate | Net Earnings Attributable to Eastman | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, unaudited) | After Tax | Per Diluted Share | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As reported (GAAP) | $ | 323 | $ | 269 | $ | (3) | (1) | % | $ | 272 | $ | 2.27 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Core and Unusual Items: (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environmental and other costs | 13 | 13 | 4 | 9 | 0.08 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adjustments from tax law changes (3) | — | — | 23 | (23) | (0.19) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interim adjustment to tax provision (2) | — | — | 20 | (20) | (0.17) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP (Excluding non-core and unusual items and with adjusted provision for income taxes) | $ | 336 | $ | 282 | $ | 44 | 16 | % | $ | 238 | $ | 1.99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Six Months 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings Before Interest and Taxes | Earnings Before Income Taxes | Provision for Income Taxes | Effective Income Tax Rate | Net Earnings Attributable to Eastman | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, unaudited) | After Tax | Per Diluted Share | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As reported (GAAP) | $ | 600 | $ | 501 | $ | 105 | 21 | % | $ | 395 | $ | 3.33 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Core or Unusual Items: (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net | 11 | 11 | 3 | 8 | 0.07 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environmental and other costs | 16 | 16 | 3 | 13 | 0.10 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interim adjustment to tax provision (2) | — | — | (30) | 30 | 0.26 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-GAAP (Excluding non-core and unusual items) | $ | 627 | $ | 528 | $ | 81 | 16 | % | $ | 446 | $ | 3.76 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Six Months 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings Before Interest and Taxes | Earnings Before Income Taxes | Provision for Income Taxes | Effective Income Tax Rate | Net Earnings Attributable to Eastman | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, unaudited) | After Tax | Per Diluted Share | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As reported (GAAP) | $ | 569 | $ | 463 | $ | 57 | 12 | % | $ | 406 | $ | 3.39 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Core or Unusual Items: (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net | 22 | 22 | 4 | 18 | 0.14 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accelerated depreciation | 23 | 23 | 3 | 20 | 0.17 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Steam line incident costs (insurance proceeds), net | (8) | (8) | (2) | (6) | (0.05) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environmental and other costs | 13 | 13 | 4 | 9 | 0.08 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interim adjustment to tax provision (2) | — | — | 14 | (14) | (0.11) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP (Excluding non-core and unusual items) | $ | 619 | $ | 513 | $ | 80 | 16 | % | $ | 433 | $ | 3.62 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Quarter 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Earnings Before Interest and Taxes | Earnings Before Income Taxes | Provision for Income Taxes | Effective Income Tax Rate | Net Earnings Attributable to Eastman | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, unaudited) | After Tax | Per Diluted Share | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As reported (GAAP) | $ | 263 | $ | 214 | $ | 49 | 23 | % | $ | 165 | $ | 1.39 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-Core and Unusual Items: (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset impairments and restructuring charges, net | 11 | 11 | 3 | 8 | 0.07 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interim adjustment to tax provision (2) | — | — | (17) | 17 | 0.15 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-GAAP (Excluding non-core and unusual items and with adjusted provision for income taxes) | $ | 274 | $ | 225 | $ | 35 | 16 | % | $ | 190 | $ | 1.61 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
First Six Months (1) | |||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Effective tax rate | 21 | % | 12 | % | |||||||
Tax impact of current year non-core and unusual items (2) | 1 | % | 2 | % | |||||||
| Changes in tax contingencies and valuation allowances | (1) | % | 2 | % | |||||||
| Forecasted full year impact of expected tax events | (5) | % | — | % | |||||||
| Forecasted full year adjusted effective tax rate | 16 | % | 16 | % | |||||||
| Second Quarter | First Six Months | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, unaudited) | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Operating activities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings | $ | 231 | $ | 272 | $ | 396 | $ | 406 | |||||||||||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 126 | 119 | 253 | 260 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Benefit from deferred income taxes | (20) | (86) | (37) | (93) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effect of acquisitions and divestitures: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in trade receivables | (33) | 124 | (138) | 33 | |||||||||||||||||||
| (Increase) decrease in inventories | (138) | (29) | (238) | (73) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Increase (decrease) in trade payables | 40 | (158) | 89 | (290) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Pension and other postretirement contributions (in excess of) less than expenses | (10) | (10) | (29) | (29) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Variable compensation payments (in excess of) less than expenses | 58 | 65 | (20) | 49 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other items, net | 113 | 113 | 75 | 145 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 367 | 410 | 351 | 408 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investing activities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additions to properties and equipment | (115) | (239) | (300) | (413) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of businesses | — | — | — | 16 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition, net of cash acquired | — | (3) | — | (76) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Additions to capitalized software | (2) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other items, net | (4) | (2) | 3 | (21) | |||||||||||||||||||
Net cash used in investing activities | (121) | (246) | (300) | (498) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Financing activities | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net increase in commercial paper and other borrowings | — | 603 | — | 277 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from borrowings | — | — | 742 | 796 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Repayment of borrowings | (43) | (808) | (541) | (808) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Dividends paid to stockholders | (95) | (94) | (190) | (188) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock purchases | (100) | (50) | (100) | (50) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other items, net | 11 | (4) | 10 | (23) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities | (227) | (353) | (79) | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (4) | — | (6) | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 15 | (189) | (34) | (83) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 499 | 599 | 548 | 493 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 514 | $ | 410 | $ | 514 | $ | 410 | |||||||||||||||
| June 30, | December 31, | |||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions, unaudited) | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||||
| Total borrowings | $ | 5,033 | $ | 4,846 | ||||||||||
| Less: Cash and cash equivalents | 514 | 548 | ||||||||||||
Net debt (1) | $ | 4,519 | $ | 4,298 | ||||||||||