UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER PURSUANT TO

RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16 UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of March, 2026.

Commission File Number: 001-39038

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F ☐    Form 40-F ☒

EXHIBIT INDEX

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Exhibit 99.1

NI 43-101 Technical Report, Greenstone Property, Ontario, Canada

SLR Project No.: 123.020701.00001

Prepared by

SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd.

55 University Ave., Suite 501

Toronto, ON M5J 2H7

for

Equinox Gold Corp.

Suite 1501 – 700 West Pender St.

Vancouver, BC V6C 1G8

Canada

Effective Date - December 31, 2025

Signature Date - March 30, 2026

Table of Contents

i

ii

iii

Tables

iv

v

vi

vii

Figures

viii

ix

x

xi

xii

xiii

The Greenstone Property (the Property) comprises the operating Greenstone Gold Mine (the Mine) and Mineral Resources at the Key Lake, Kailey and Brookbank deposits. The Mine formerly known as the Hardrock Project, is 100% owned by Equinox Gold Corp. (Equinox) and was officially opened on August 29, 2024, achieving commercial production on November 6, 2024.

Equinox (TSX: EQX; NYSE American: EQX) is a Canadian-based gold mining company with a diversified portfolio of long-life operations and growth projects across the Americas.

Mining is being carried out using conventional open pit techniques, at a production rate of up to 77 million tonnes (Mt) of material moved per year. Production is ramping up to an ore processing rate of 27,000 tonnes per day (t/d, 9.86 Mt per year [Mt/a]). The mine life is projected to be 14 years, with an additional five years of stockpile processing after mining is completed. Ore is processed via primary and secondary crushing and high pressure grinding roll (HPGR)-Ball mill comminution circuits, followed by a gravity circuit. Gravity tailings are treated via a leach–carbon-in-pulp (CIP) circuit and associated gold recovery and carbon handling circuits to produce gold doré.

This Technical Report supersedes the previous Technical Report titled “Technical Report on the Greenstone Gold Mine, Geraldton, Ontario, Canada” with an effective date of June 30, 2024, and a published date of October 1, 2024. This Technical Report includes updates to the Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves, based on operational experience gained since the opening of the Mine, and was prepared in accordance with NI 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101). Qualified Persons (QPs) for this report are employees of Equinox, with report preparation and peer review provided by SLR International Corporation (SLR).

Unless otherwise stated, all the information and data contained in the Technical Report or used in its preparation have been provided by Equinox, and all currencies are expressed in US dollars ($).

The Property is approximately 275 km northeast of Thunder Bay, Ontario. The Property includes three blocks of claims, Hardrock, Brookbank, and Viper, which are spread over a distance of more than 100 km and are in close proximity to the Trans-Canada Highway between the towns of Beardmore and Longlac, Ontario. The Hardrock claim group includes the Hardrock, Key Lake, and Kailey deposits.

The Property, comprising a contiguous block of patented claims, mining leases, licences of occupation, and cell claims, covers 39,843 hectares (ha), of which 16,108 ha relates to Mine claims. All claims, leases, and licences of occupation are beneficially held by GGM and are subject to terms under several agreements.

This Technical Report presents updated Mineral Resource estimates for the Greenstone Mine and the Key Lake, Kailey, and Brookbank deposits, with an effective date of December 31, 2025. Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum (CIM) Definition Standards for Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (CIM (2014) definitions), which are incorporated by reference in NI 43 101, were used for Mineral Resource classification. The Qualified Person (QP) for all Mineral Resource estimates is Niel de Bruin, P.Geo., Vice President, Mineral Resource, Equinox.

1-14

The 2025 update incorporates significant new grade control RC drilling, an updated geological and lithostructural interpretation, refined mineralization wireframes, updated cost assumptions, and revised pit optimizations. At Greenstone, the updated Mineral Resource estimate reflects reconciliation against production since commissioning in April 2024 and improved local confidence near active mining areas. For Brookbank, Key Lake, and Kailey, no new drilling was completed; however, pit shells and underground constraints were re-optimized using consistent economic assumptions aligned with the Greenstone Mine.

Mineral Resources are reported both inclusive and exclusive of Mineral Reserves at Greenstone and exclusive of Mineral Reserves at the satellite deposits. All Mineral Resources have reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction but do not demonstrate economic viability.

Greenstone Mine – Summary of 2025 Mineral Resource Estimate

The Greenstone Mine Mineral Resource estimate represents an update to the October 1, 2024, resource model. The estimate incorporates:

Gold mineralization is hosted in multiple structurally controlled domains including the North (N1, N2, Central), F, SP, Tenacity, and South zones. Ordinary kriging (OK) was used for gold estimation, supported by updated variography and dynamic anisotropy aligned with local geological controls.

Measured, Indicated, and Inferred Mineral Resources were classified based on drill spacing, estimation pass, distance to composites, and geological confidence, with post processing adjustments applied to mitigate over smoothing and isolated volumes.

Reconciliation against 2025 production indicates that the reblocked resource model is approximately 3% higher in grade than plant adjusted actuals, which is considered acceptable given the early stage of operations.

1-15

Table 1-1: Summary of 2025 Greenstone Mine Mineral Resource (Inclusive of Mineral Reserves)

Table 1-2: Summary of 2025 Greenstone Mine Mineral Resource (Exclusive of Mineral Reserves)

1-16

The QP is not aware of any environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-economic, marketing, political, or other relevant factors that could materially affect the Mineral Resource estimate, except for uncertainty around the position, size, and geometry of voids from historical mine workings within the pit, which remains a risk to the Mineral Resource estimate.

Satellite Deposits – Summary

Key Lake

Key Lake is an open pit style deposit tested by 312 diamond drill holes. Gold mineralization occurs in multiple sub vertical zones controlled by lithology and structure. Due to poor variogram structure and internal dilution, ID³ interpolation was selected. No underground Mineral Resources are declared. The Mineral Resource estimate is unchanged from the prior estimate, aside from updated pit optimization parameters.

Table 1-3: Key Lake Mineral Resource Summary – Effective Date December 31, 2025

Kailey

The Kailey deposit (former Little Long Lac Mine) comprises three broad mineralized zones (Kailey, Main, No. 9). Ordinary Kriging was used for gold estimation within the principal domains. No Measured resources are reported due to drill spacing. Pit shells were re optimized at US$2,300/oz Au. No underground Mineral Resources are declared.

Table 1-4: Kailey Mineral Resource Summary

1-17

Brookbank

Brookbank is a greenfield deposit comprising the Footwall (FW) and Hanging Wall (HW) veins, plus alteration zones. Gold mineralization is structurally controlled within the Brookbank shear zone. Both open pit and underground Mineral Resources are reported, with underground resources constrained using optimized stope shapes. Brookbank represents a high grade satellite opportunity with significant underground potential.

Table 1-5: Brookbank Mineral Resource Summary – Effective Date December 31, 2025

The QP is not aware of any environmental, permitting, legal, title, taxation, socio-economic, marketing, political, or other relevant factors that could materially affect the Key Lake, Kailey and Brookbank Mineral Resource estimates.

1-18

The 2025 Mineral Resource estimate demonstrates a robust, well validated Mineral Resource base at the Greenstone Mine supported by production reconciliation and extensive grade control drilling, while the satellite deposits provide optional future feed and expansion potential. The estimates have been prepared in accordance with NI 43-101, and classified using CIM (2014) definitions, and provide a sound foundation for ongoing mine planning and future technical studies.

The Mineral Reserves estimate for the Greenstone Mine’s open pit is summarized in Table 1-6.

Table 1-6: Greenstone Mine Open Pit Mineral Reserve Estimate – Effective Date December 31, 2025

The QP is not aware of any mining, metallurgical, infrastructure, permitting, or other relevant factors that could materially affect the Mineral Reserve estimate. In accordance with NI 43-101, only Measured and Indicated Mineral Resources have been converted to Mineral Reserves. Inferred Mineral Resources contained The Inferred Mineral Resources contained within the mine design are classified as waste.

Mining is being carried out using conventional open pit techniques with 10 m benches. An owner-mining operation is in place, with outsourcing to contractors for certain support activities such as explosives manufacturing and blasting.

Production drilling of the 10 m benches is performed by blasthole drill rigs with both rotary and down-the-hole (DTH) drilling capability. Loading in the open pit is carried out by five 29 m³ hydraulic face shovels, one 16.5 m³ hydraulic excavator, and one 27.5 m³ front-end wheel loader. Haulage is performed with a combination of Caterpillar 793-08 and Caterpillar 793F mine haul trucks. The presence of historical underground stopes was considered when designing the pit, with the ramp kept away from the old voids, and additional berms placed where necessary to enhance safety.

1-19

Mining of the main pit will occur in five main phases. Waste rock will be disposed of in four ex-pit waste dumps and one in-pit waste dump. The open pit generates 739 Mt of waste material (inclusive of historical tailings and underground backfill) over the LOM for an average LOM strip ratio of 4.4:1.

The LOM plan provides 14 years of mine production, as shown in Figure 1-1. Annual mine material movement was capped at 77 Mt from 2026 until 2035. Material movement will gradually decline from 2035 until the end of the mine life in 2039. The maximum processing plant production targets 27,000 t/d (9.86 Mt/a), which will be achieved in 2027 and sustained until 2043.

Figure 1-1: LOM Annual Tonnes Mined

Significant metallurgical test work has been completed on ore samples from various parts of the ore deposit, and the test results were used to develop the process design criteria and flowsheet on the current process plant. Test work concluded that the ore is composed mainly of quartz and plagioclase with minor amounts of pyrite and arsenopyrite; gold occurs mainly as native gold; the ore is in the category of medium hardness to moderately hard; a portion of the gold can be recovered by gravity concentration; and is amenable to conventional cyanidation.

During 2014–2015, metallurgical test work programs were completed to support the feasibility study and subsequent design of the existing operating process plant. More recently, a metallurgical test work program was completed in 2019 and focused on whole ore cyanidation and gravity tails cyanidation testing to confirm the current flowsheet. Metallurgical test work was primarily completed at SGS Lakefield in Ontario, Canada.

No new significant metallurgical test work program has been completed since the process plant was commissioned in 2024; however, Plant Operations have completed mineralogy and gold deportment tests as part of plant optimization.

A multivariant regression model has been used to predict leach residue grade that is then used to predict plant gold recovery, which averages 86.4% over the Life of Mine. Historically, the model was based on gold, arsenic and sulphur head grades, primary grind size from metallurgical test work. The current leach residue grade algorithm is based on 2025 plant performance.

1-20

The process plant currently treats ore via a conventional gravity-cyanidation flowsheet and has a nameplate capacity of 27 kt/d. Run-of-mine (ROM) ore is processed via primary and secondary crushing and HPGR-Ball mill comminution circuits followed by a gravity circuit. Gravity tailings are treated via a leach-carbon-in-pulp (CIP) circuit and associated gold recovery and carbon handling circuits to produce gold doré. CIP tailings are treated via a cyanide destruction process prior to storage in the tailings management facility (TMF).

Process plant performance over the last two years is summarized in Table 1-7. Ore tonnage for 2024 represents plant ramp up to achieve commercial production. During 2025, the plant continued to ramp up to name plate and achieved a peak production of 24kt/d.

Table 1-7: Process Plant Performance Summary (2024-2025)

A simplified process flowsheet of the process plant is provided in Figure 1-2. In summary, the plant consists of the following unit operations:

1-21

Figure 1-2: Overall Flowsheet

Source: Equinox 2025.

The Mine is within a district that is host to numerous mines and processing facilities and has access to good transportation and regional mining-related infrastructure. The Mine is located along the Trans-Canada Highway 11 and TC Energy’s Mainline natural gas pipeline, and nearby the town of Geraldton, which hosts a municipal airport and a 115 kV Hydro One electrical substation.

The general infrastructure to support mining and processing activities includes:

1-22

A natural gas-fired power plant with a design capacity of 48 MW provides power to the Mine. Natural gas is provided to the power plant via a connection to TC Energy’s Mainline pipeline.

A new Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) station is currently being built to replace the existing station that is located within the Mine’s property limits. Portions of the historical MacLeod and Hardrock tailings piles, which extend into the limits of the open pit, have been and continue to be relocated to the TMF.

All collected mine water, surface runoff water, and underground workings water is directed through various runoff and seepage collection ponds to the centralized mine water Collection Pond M1, which is designed to provide buffer flows for mill make-up water, with excess water sent to the effluent water treatment plant for treatment prior to discharge to the Southwest Arm of Kenogamisis Lake. A seepage collection system was installed to manage seepage from the historical MacLeod tailings. Surface water runoff from the exterior of the TMF dams and any seepage through the dams or foundations is collected in a series of ponds and pumped back into the TMF reservoir for reuse in processing.

The TMF is a series of constructed dams with a final maximum height of 35 m and crest length of approximately 7,400 m. The TMF is currently designed to receive 143.7 million tonnes (Mt) of mill tailings at an average dry density of 1.34 t/m³. A cyanide destruction system is used to process all tailings water before it is sent to the TMF. An allowance has been made within the TMF to store the historical MacLeod tailings and contaminated soils being relocated from the open pit area. The TMF is anticipated to be filled by 2038 and there will be a shortfall of approximately 53.3 Mt of tailings storage capacity based on the updated LOM. To provide additional capacity, several concepts are currently being evaluated.

The TMF dams are and will continue to be constructed primarily using waste rock from mining operations. The dams are constructed in stages and in the downstream direction. Construction of the TMF starter dams was completed in 2023 with the first dam raises completed in 2024 and the second in 2025/26 to a crest elevation of 347 m (346 m for the Southwest Dam only), and the planned ultimate crest elevation will be 365 m. Tailings geochemistry indicates that less than 10% of the ore is considered potentially acid generating (PAG) and this amount will be reduced through oxidization during ore processing, thereby reducing the overall acid rock drainage (ARD) potential for the tailings.

Foundation improvements for the TMF have included the installation of a seepage cut-off wall via a deep soil mixing (DSM) methodology along the Southwest Dam and construction of a shear key beneath the downstream portion of the Southeast Dam. Additional shear key and DSM programs will be performed for the Southwest and West Dams, respectively, in 2026 and 2027, and these programs will complete the foundation improvements required to achieve the ultimate dam height.

Tailings are deposited in the TMF from the dam crests as a conventional slurry to produce a wide exposed beach. This beach displaces the tailings pond away from the dams towards natural ground along the western edge of the facility to enhance long-term dam stability. A barge-mounted pump system, located at the west side of the TMF, reclaims water from the TMF pond and pumps it back to the processing plant.

1-23

Closure of the TMF involves constructing a spillway and vegetating the exposed tailings beaches. Runoff from the pond, when deemed suitable for discharge to the environment, will be directed through the spillway.

Environmental baseline studies were conducted for the Mine between 2013 and 2021 and were used to identify environmental constraints during the development of layouts and designs for the Mine. This environmental baseline was the basis for determining incremental changes and predicting environmental effects associated with the Mine.

A final environmental impact statement/environmental assessment (EIS/EA) was completed and approved by provincial and federal regulatory agencies. Project interactions were analyzed for 13 valued components (VC) to determine potential environmental effects associated with the Mine for construction, operation, and closure phases. In addition to the VCs, the effects assessment also considered effects of the environment on the Mine, accidents and malfunction scenarios, and cumulative effects. Environmental management and monitoring plans (EMMP) were developed and implemented, including measures related to both compliance and EIS/EA monitoring for all phases of the Mine. The results of the final EIS/EA, including implementing the identified mitigation measures, supports the conclusion that the Mine will not cause significant adverse environmental effects. Since completing the final EIS/EA, GGM has completed slight modifications of Mine components, which form the basis for the final mine plan used for this Technical Report.

Environmental management and monitoring plans (EMMP) were developed and implemented, including measures related to both compliance and EIS/EA monitoring for all phases of the Mine. Annual regulatory reporting associated with the EMMPs is submitted to the appropriate federal and provincial regulators and includes an analysis of monitoring results and a comparison against EMMP specific monitoring triggers to determine if additional action is required.

GGM submitted a Closure Plan and Financial Assurance to the Ministry of Mines, which received approval on March 30, 2021. Since approval of the initial Closure Plan, GGM has filed two amendments, one in December 2023 and another in 2024 to account for detailed design, and mitigation measures to address the erosion of the Goldfield Creek diversion channel. At the end of mining operations, the main features requiring closure will include the open pit, water management and drainage systems, waste rock storage areas, TMF, site access roads and buildings, and associated infrastructure. After the closure works have been completed, a post-closure monitoring program will be carried out to verify that the closure objectives and criteria have been met and confirm that the Mine can proceed to final close out status.

GGM has established Long Term Relationship Agreements (LTRA) with five local Indigenous communities. The agreements provide greater clarity regarding GGM’s ability to develop the Mine and the Indigenous communities’ opportunities to benefit from future mining in the region, including the potential to extend the Mine's life.

The non-sustaining capital cost is shown in Table 1-8 and is estimated to be $80.3 million for the LOM operating period.

1-24

Table 1-8: Non-Sustaining Capital Cost LOM Summary

Major items included in the non-sustaining capital include the costs for the OPP station relocation, remediation work, and the HPGR rebuild facility.

The sustaining capital cost is shown in Table 1-9 and is estimated to be $1,319.4 million for the LOM operating period.

Table 1-9: Sustaining Capital Cost LOM Summary

Major items included in the sustaining capital include a new camp accommodation, strategic spares for the processing plant, major capital repairs for the mining fleet, TMF expansions, new mining fleet equipment purchases, and capitalized stripping.

Operating costs are summarized in Table 1-10. The operating costs include mining, processing, and G&A. The average operating cost is $1,325/oz Au or $32.2/t milled over the LOM operating period.

Table 1-10: Operating Costs Summary

1-25

1-26

1-27

The proposed budget for the metallurgical test work program is $180k.

There are a number of recommendations related to ensuring that closure cost estimates can accurately reflect the costs at the end of the mine life.

1-28

A summary of the costs associated with each recommendation is presented in Table 1-11.

Table 1-11: Combined Cost Estimate of Recommendations

1-29

SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd. (SLR) was retained by Equinox Gold Corp. (Equinox) to compile a Technical Report on the Greenstone Property (the Property), located in Ontario, Canada. The Property comprises the operating Greenstone Mine (the Mine) and Mineral Resources at the Key Lake, Kailey and Brookbank deposits. This Technical Report was prepared in accordance with NI 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101) by qualified persons (QPs) from Equinox and Lincoln Metallurgical Inc. (Lincoln).

Equinox (TSX: EQX; NYSE American: EQX) is a Canadian-based gold mining company with a diversified portfolio of long-life operations and growth projects across the Americas. This Technical Report supersedes the previous technical report titled “Technical Report on the Greenstone Gold Mine, Geraldton, Ontario, Canada” with an effective date of June 30, 2024, and a published date of October 1, 2024 (Dorval et al. 2024).

The Mine is a conventional open pit mine with processing by carbon-in-pulp (CIP). The Mine achieved commercial production on November 6, 2024, and is expected to produce approximately 4.6 million ounces (Moz) of gold per annum over its 19 year life.

The purpose of this Technical Report is to support public disclosure of Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves estimates as at December 31, 2025. This Technical Report includes updates to the Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves sections based on operational experience gained since the opening of the Mine on August 29, 2024.

Unless otherwise stated, all the information and data contained in the Technical Report or used in its preparation have been provided by Equinox, and all currencies are expressed in US dollars ($).

Unless otherwise noted, the Technical Report uses the International System of Units (metric system). Lists of the main symbols, units of measure, abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms used in this Technical Report are presented in Section 2.4.

Table 2-1 presents a detailed summary of the qualified persons (QP) responsible for each section of this Technical Report.

Table 2-1: Summary of Qualified Persons

The QPs visited the Mine site on the following dates:

2-1

The scientific and technical information in this Technical Report is based, in part, on information contained in the previously filed NI 43-101 technical report titled “Technical Report on the Greenstone Gold Mine, Geraldton, Ontario, Canada” with an effective date of June 30, 2024, and a published date of October 1, 2024 (Dorval et al. 2024). The qualified persons responsible for this Technical Report have reviewed the relevant portions of that report, confirm that such information remains current and applicable to the Property, and have incorporated and, where necessary, updated or modified that information for the purposes of this Technical Report. The qualified persons accept responsibility for the information carried forward from the previous technical report as summarized or quoted herein.

The reports and documents listed in Section 27 of this Report were used to support the preparation of the Report.

Additional information was sought from Equinox personnel where required.

2-2

2-3

2-4

2-5

2-6

The Qualified Persons have relied on information provided by Equinox’s internal legal team in November 2025, regarding the following information disclosed in Section 4 of this Technical Report: mineral tenures, title and interest in the property, royalties, and other encumbrances relevant to the property.

3-1

This section has been modified and updated from Dorval et al. (2024), with additional information added to be current to the Effective Date of this Technical Report.

The Mine is located on the Greenstone Gold Property (the Greenstone Property), which comprises three blocks of mining claims, leases, and patents known as the Hardrock, Brookbank, and Viper properties. The Mine is in the southeast portion of the Hardrock property.

The Greenstone Property is approximately 275 km northeast of Thunder Bay, Ontario, and approximately 4 km south of the Town of Geraldton, Ontario (Figure 4-1), in Ontario’s Thunder Bay Mining Division; locations of all Hardrock and Viper claims fall within National Topographic System (NTS) Sheets 42 E/10 and 42 E/11, while Brookbank fall within NTS Sheet 42 E/12. The approximate coordinates of the Mine’s geographic centre are 49°40'47"N and 86°56'32"W (UTM Zone 16N coordinates: 504175.9E and 5503024N; NAD 83), and the approximate coordinates of the Brookbank resource are 49°42'58"N and 87°49'59"W (UTM Zone 16N coordinates: 439904E and 5507400N; NAD 83).

Thunder Bay has a population of approximately 110,000, and provides support services, equipment, and skilled labour for mineral exploration and the mining industry. Rail, national highway, port, and international airport services are also available in Thunder Bay. Geraldton has a population of approximately 1,800 (Statistics Canada 2023), excluding the mine camp, and provides support services such as food and lodging.

4-1

Figure 4-1: Location of the Greenstone Gold Mine

Source: Equinox 2026.

The Greenstone Property consists of a 100 km long package of cell claims, patents, leases, and licenses of occupation totalling 39,843 ha, as summarized in Table 4-1. The total Greenstone Property includes three non-contiguous mining blocks: Hardrock (also referred to as the Kenogamisis Property), Brookbank, and Viper properties. The Mine is located on the Hardrock property. Land tenure is illustrated in Figure 4-2.

4-2

Figure 4-2: Land Tenure Map

Table 4-1: Summary of Types of Land Tenure in Greenstone Land Package, as of December 31, 2025

A detailed listing of all the claims pertaining to Greenstone as of the effective date of this Report has been compiled in Appendix A, and the QP confirms that the claims are all in good standing with rent paid up to December 31, 2025.

4-3

Mineral exploration and mining lands ownership in Ontario is regulated under the Ontario Mining Act and associated regulations. The Provincial Mining Recording Office, a division of the Ministry of Energy and Mines, is responsible for the administration of the Mining Act and land tenure. Mining recording functions are conducted through the Mining Lands Administration System (MLAS), which is an online platform. This platform allows users to register new mining claims, transfer ownership, submit permit applications, manage assessment work and distribute reserve work credits.

Having registered mining lands allows the holder the exclusive right to explore for minerals over that area. Registered mining lands include mining claims, mining leases, mining license of occupation and mining patents. The acquisition of new mining claims in Ontario is completed by online map staking on the MLAS platform. Each mining claim requires a payment of C$50 at the time of staking. The holder has two years from the acquisition date to complete eligible exploration work and submit an assessment report. Each mining claim cell requires an annual expenditure of $400 in eligible exploration expenses to be maintained in good standing. Exploration expenses that exceed the annual expenditure requirements are banked as reserve credits for future use. These credits can be distributed to contiguous claims held by the same owner.

There is an established process within the Ministry of Energy and Mines to convert mining claims to mining leases. Annual work requirements are no longer needed on leases, but annual rent payments to the Crown are required. In conjunction with other regulations and permits, the lease holder has the right to extract and sell minerals from the leased area.

The Hardrock property consists of 478 cell claims, 191 patents, 24 leases and 78 mining licenses of occupation (MLO) totalling 16,108 ha, of which 15,929 ha are wholly owned by the Company and 179 ha of patented claims are jointly owned by Equinox (37.5%), CS Resourced Limited (37.5%), and Alcoa Limited (25%).

Several past-producing underground gold mines are located on the Hardrock property, including Hardrock, MacLeod–Cockshutt, Mosher (all later combined as the Consolidated Mosher), Little Long Lac (“Kailey”), Bankfield, Jellicoe (“Key Lake”), and Magnet (Figure 4-3). There are also some less-significant historical occurrences of gold mineralization within the property boundary. The mineralized zone that hosts the most recently delineated Mineral Resources (the Mine Area) is within or adjacent to the former Hardrock and MacLeod–Cockshutt mines.

4-4

Figure 4-3: Hardrock Property Land Tenure and Past Producing Mines

The Hardrock land package is an amalgamation of multiple historical mining properties with several underlying agreements and royalties. Gignac et al. (2016) provides a detailed history of the various agreements and acquisitions. A summary of royalties currently in effect is listed below and shown in Figure 4-4:

4-5

Figure 4-4: Hardrock Property Royalties Map

On March 9, 2015, Centerra Gold Inc. (Centerra) and Premier Gold Mines Limited (Premier) formed a 50:50 partnership, the Greenstone Gold Mines GP Inc. (GGM) for exploring, developing, and operating the Greenstone Property. Centerra made an initial cash contribution to the partnership in the amount of $85 million for its 50% limited partner interest. In accordance with the Partnership Agreement, Centerra committed to solely fund up to $185 million in capital to develop the Hardrock Project, following which all funding for the Partnership would be made pro rata.

In October 2018, a mining lease was granted over CLM 535, which covers the southern part of the Mine area. The lease, LEA-109765, is subject to renewal in 2039.

On December 15, 2020, the Orion Mine Finance Group (Orion) entered into an agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Centerra and Premier, pursuant to which Orion would acquire Centerra’s 50% interest in the GGM Partnership. On December 16, 2020, Equinox and Premier entered into a definitive agreement (the Agreement) whereby Equinox would acquire all outstanding shares of Premier. Equinox would also retain Premier’s interest in the Hardrock Project. The Hardrock Project was subsequently renamed the Greenstone Gold Mine.

4-6

As part of the Greenstone Agreement, Equinox assumed obligations under a stream agreement with Nomad Royalty Company Ltd, dated October 28, 2021, as amended (the Stream Agreement). Under the Stream Agreement, Equinox is required to deliver an amount of refined gold equal to 2.375% of the gold produced from Greenstone, until Equinox has delivered a cumulative total of 120,333 ounces, and 1.583% of the gold production from Greenstone thereafter. In exchange for the gold deliveries, Equinox will receive consideration equal to 20% of the spot gold price at the time of delivery.

On May 13, 2024, Equinox announced that it had completed its acquisition of the remaining 40% of GGM from certain funds managed by Orion, giving Equinox Gold 100% ownership of GGM and the Greenstone Mine.

The Brookbank property area is within 1:50,000 scale NTS Sheet 42E/12 and lies 10 km northeast of Beardmore (Figure 4-2). By road, the property area is approximately 14 km east of Beardmore along the Trans-Canada Highway and 12 km north of the highway by gravel road. Beardmore is approximately 200 km northeast of Thunder Bay via the Trans-Canada Highway.

The Brookbank project includes 19 active mining leases and 938 cell claims covering 18,464 ha, and the Brookbank-Kenogamisis Bridge includes 48 cell claims covering 1,003 ha. (Figure 4-5). The project area hosts the Brookbank deposit, and the Cherbourg and Foxear targets.

4-7

Figure 4-5: Brookbank and Brookbank-Kenogamisis Bridge Properties’ Land Tenure

Equinox owns 100% of the lease covering the Brookbank deposit, and the remaining portion of the project tenements is subject to two Joint Venture (JV) agreements with Metalore Resources Limited (Metalore). The first JV is a 74% to 26% split between Equinox and Metalore, with the second a 79% to 21% split (Figure 4-6). Metalore also retains a 1% NSR royalty on 18 of the leased claims hosting the main Brookbank deposit.

4-8

Figure 4-6: Brookbank Property Joint Venture Map & Royalty

The Viper property area is within 1:50,000 scale NTS Sheet 42E/10 and lies 34 km east of the Hardrock property (Figure 4-2) and 10 km south of Longlac, accessible by secondary gravel road off the Trans Canada Highway. Premier staked the 216 contiguous cell claims totalling 4,268 ha between 2013 and 2015 (Figure 4-7). As of the effective date of this Report, Equinox owns 100% of the Viper claim group and no claims are subject to any royalty, net smelter returns, net profit interests, or streaming agreements.

At the effective date of this Report, all claims within the Viper property are subject to a ‘Hold – Special Circumstances Apply’ status with the Ministry of Mines because of ongoing consultation and engagement with a local First Nation community.

4-9

Figure 4-7: Viper Property Land Tenure.

Permits are required to undertake drilling, overburden stripping, and trenching in areas not covered by the mine closure plan or mining patents. A complete accounting of all mining-related permits in place for the properties is detailed in Section 20.2.2 of this Report.

Information related to existing environmental liabilities on the Greenstone Mine property are described in Section 20.6 of this Report.

At the Effective Date of this Technical Report, the QP is not aware of any other significant factors and risks that may affect access, title, or the right or ability to perform work on the properties that has not been discussed in this technical report.

4-10

This section has been modified and updated from Dorval et al. (2024), with additional information added to be current to the effective date of this Technical Report.

The Mine is in the Municipality of Greenstone in the Province of Ontario, near the Town of Geraldton. The area is accessible year-round via paved roads from Geraldton, or Highway 11, which crosses the Property from east to west (Figure 5-1). The closest major city is Thunder Bay, Ontario, located 275 km southwest via Ontario King’s Highway 11 (Trans-Canada Highway). Public roads are maintained by various levels of government. Geraldton also hosts a municipal airport equipped to accommodate small aircraft.

A network of well-established roads covering the main infrastructure of the Mine has been built. The south portion of the Mine is accessed via Highway 11 and the remainder can be easily accessed by four-wheel-drive vehicles via numerous logging and bush roads that branch off the paved highways. Drill roads provide access to the areas GGM is currently exploring.

Those areas of the Mine not serviced by roads can be accessed by all-terrain vehicle (ATV), on foot, or by boat during the summer, and snowmobile in the winter.

The Brookbank and Viper properties are also within the Municipality of Greenstone. The main part of the Brookbank property can be accessed via the Wendigokan Road, an all-weather gravel road connecting to Highway 11. The eastern part of the Brookbank property is accessible by Highway 801, a paved secondary road that also leads from Highway 11.

The Viper property can be accessed via bush trail off the Catlonite Road, an all-weather gravel road, that is part of a series of bush roads connecting Highway 11 at Longlac to Highway 17 at Terrace Bay.

5-1

Figure 5-1: Greenstone Mine Main Access Routes

Source: Equinox 2026.

The Mine Area has a continental climate typical of temperate regions in the mid-latitudes influenced by both polar and tropical air masses. In this climate, seasonal temperature variations are represented by short, warm summers and long, cold winters. The Mine is in the Boreal Ecoclimatic Province of Canada.

The nearest permanent weather monitoring station is approximately 14 km north of the Mine at the Greenstone Regional Airport, which services Geraldton and the surrounding area. Weather statistics for the period between 1991 and 2020 record a mean daily temperature of 0.8°C, with maximum and minimum daily mean temperatures of 27.9°C and −39.3°C, respectively. The mean annual precipitation comprises 546.4 mm of rainfall and snowfall of 249.0 cm. On average, precipitation was recorded on 167 days a year. The annual average relative humidity in the morning is about 84.0%. The annual average wind speed for the area is about 11.4 km/h, and the prevailing winds are westerly. In summer, winds blow most frequently from the west and south, while in the fall and winter, the most frequent winds are westerly.

Weather conditions do not seriously hinder exploration and mining activities on the property, but adjustments to the type of work performed are subject to seasonal variation—for example, geological mapping in the summer and drilling on frozen lakes in the winter. Mining can continue year-round.

5-2

The Mine benefits from local human resources and services available in Geraldton and surrounding areas. Geraldton has a population of approximately 1,800 people and is part of the Municipality of Greenstone, which also includes Longlac, Nakina, Beardmore, and an extensive area of unincorporated land. The Municipality’s population is 4,300. Throughout all phases of the development of the Mine, GGM has undertaken extensive consultation with local Indigenous communities and Geraldton.

Although there has been no mining activity in the immediate area since 1970 (other than the Greenstone Mine), the area has a workforce to support future mining activities. Geraldton has all the services typical for a town of its size, including a hospital, emergency services, school, sports centre, food, lodging, wireless, and wireline telecommunications. For greater needs for mining projects, the City of Thunder Bay can provide goods and services.

The Mine was constructed from 2022 to 2023. The mine infrastructure consists of a 27,000 tonne per day (t/d) crusher and mill, power plant, reagent storage building, effluent treatment plant, tailings management facility, truck shop, warehouse, exploration building, administration and technical services offices, and a 600-person camp.

GGM has an office for public relations in the Geraldton commercial district.

GGM owns and operates a laboratory with sample preparation and analytical capabilities in Geraldton. In times of heavy sample volumes, this facility may cooperate with external third-party facilities in Thunder Bay to ensure timely turnaround.

There are adequate surface rights for the mining-related infrastructure, including waste rock storage areas, tailings management facility, and processing and administration facilities (Figure 5-2). The arrangement of mining-related infrastructure is constrained by the surrounding lakes and watercourses.

The 48 MW power plant at GGM is fueled by natural gas supplied via a 13-kilometre pipeline connection to a branch of TC Energy’s Mainline pipeline. The mine site is also connected to the Hydro One power grid via 12.5 kV distribution lines supported by two Hydro One electrical substations in Geraldton of 3.7 MW and 2.0 MW capacity.

The Brookbank deposit area on the Brookbank property is not connected to the provincial grid and relies on generators to complete field work; however, it is within 12 km of the main 115 kV Hydro One distribution lines parallel to Highway 11.

Geraldton has its own potable water treatment system and water distribution network. The GGM core processing facility is supplied by this system, whereas all other mine facilities are supplied by a freshwater intake from Kenogamisis Lake.

Further details of the site water management infrastructure are provided in Section 18.3 of this Report.

5-3

The Brookbank property does not have any water treatment or distribution infrastructure.

Geraldton has its own sewage treatment facility. However, the sewage-collecting network does not extend south of Kenogamisis Lake. Sewage from mine site buildings is treated in septic tanks and septic fields.

The Brookbank property does not have any sewage treatment or distribution infrastructure.

Figure 5-2: Greenstone Mine Site Layout

Greenstone lies within the Canadian Boreal Shield Ecozone, where the Canadian Shield and the boreal forest overlap. Precambrian bedrock at or near the surface plays an important role in shaping the biophysical landscape. Lakes, ponds, and wetlands abound in this landscape, and drainage patterns are typically dendritic, with sporadic angular drainage influenced by bedrock outcrops.

The Mine area topography is relatively flat to gently rolling, with local relief up to 20 m, largely attributed to glacial deposits that blanket the bedrock. There are no distinct topographic features. Lower-lying areas are characterized by swamps and ponds, with overall very-poor drainage throughout the area. The surrounding land is at approximately 335 masl. The largest lake adjacent to the Mine is Kenogamisis Lake, which bounds the Mine to the south, east, and north. This lake’s elevation is approximately 330 masl.

5-4

Numerous small lakes and ponds are dispersed throughout the Brookbank property and often connected by small streams and swamps. The largest lake near the Brookbank deposit is Windigokan Lake, approximately 1 km to the south.

Vegetation in the area is dominated by coniferous trees; the most common species are black spruce, tamarack, and cedar. There are local stands of birch, jack pine, and poplar in areas with better drainage, such as eskers and moraines.

5-5

This section summarizes the historical work done on the Hardrock property. Information about historical work on the Hardrock, MacLeod–Cockshutt, and Mosher mines is derived from the 2021 and 2024 technical reports (Gignac et al. 2021; Dorval et al. 2024). Additional summaries for the past-producing Magnet and Bankfield mines are copied from Dorval et al. (2024), which relied on other historical sources cited in this Technical Report. The QP has reviewed historical information presented in this section and is of the opinion that it is sufficiently accurate and reasonable to be restated in this Technical Report. Refer to section 4.2.1.2 for a description of the recent ownership history and agreements.

Figure 6-1 illustrates the location of the various past-producing mines on the Hardrock property. Table 6-1 presents the statistics on gold production, diamond drilling, and underground development for all historical mines on the Hardrock property.

Figure 6-1: Past-Producing Mines on the Greenstone Gold Mine Claims

6-1

Table 6-1: Gold Production, Diamond Drilling, and Underground Development Statistics of Past-Producing Mines on Hardrock Property

6-2

The first gold discovery in the area of the Mine was made between 1916 and 1918, when a gold-bearing boulder was discovered south of the Main Narrows of Kenogamisis Lake. In 1931, W.W. “Hardrock” Smith discovered gold-bearing quartz stringers near the Hardrock Number 1 shaft, and Tom Johnson and Robert Wells discovered gold on Magnet Lake, which later hosted the Bankfield Gold mine. T. A. Johnson and T. Oklend soon follow with the discovery of gold in a small quartz vein along the southern shore of Barton Bay on Kenogamisis Lake, which is now the location of the Little Long Lac Property.

In 1934, the period of mine production in the area began with the Little Long Lac mine—the first successfully producing mine. To the west of the 1931 Hardrock discovery, F. MacLeod and A. Cockshutt staked claims and continually explored the area throughout the 1930s and 1940s. By the late 1940s, the F Zone, a low-grade, large-tonnage ore body in greywacke, was identified on both the MacLeod–Cockshutt and Hardrock properties.

Production on the Mosher Long Lac mine began in 1962 (west of, and immediately down-plunge of the same mineralized zones exploited in the MacLeod–Cockshutt mine); then, in 1967, the MacLeod–Cockshutt, Mosher, and Hardrock mines amalgamated and remained in production until 1970. The consolidated Hardrock, MacLeod–Cockshutt, and Mosher mines produced 2,184,398 ounces of gold at an average grade of approximately 0.14 ounces of gold per short ton (~14 Mt at 4.9 g/t Au) in the period from 1934 to 1970.

A detailed chronological summary of the historical work carried out since 1980 in the immediate vicinity of the Mine is provided in Table 6-2.

Table 6-2: Summary of Post-1980 Exploration Activity on the Greenstone Gold Mine Area of the Hardrock Property

6-3

6-4

6-5

The following Key Lake description is taken directly from Dorval et al. (2024), which is taken directly from Gignac et al. (2021). The 2021 report summarized the work and findings presented in Murahwi et al. (2013).

Drilling completed by Placer Dome at Key Lake in the 1980s identified extensive zones of gold mineralization, but these were initially considered too low-grade to be economical (McCormack 1984). Placer Dome conducted additional drilling in 1990 before abandoning the project. Subsequently, Cyprus confirmed two shallow mineralized shoots with average grades greater than 1 g/t Au (Gasparetto and Stevenson 1996). Roxmark carried out drilling in 2010 and 2011 and identified wide mineralized intervals, such as 1.6 g/t Au (0.047 oz/st) over a drilled length of 30 m in KL-11-109 (including 11.9 g/t Au over 0.3 m). Higher grade intervals, such as 5.6 g/t Au (0.16 oz/st) over 16.1 m in KL-11-112 (including 31.6 g/t Au over 1.85 m) were also encountered. There has been no drilling below a vertical depth of approximately 250 m.

The Key Lake deposit area includes the past-producing Jellicoe mine. The Jellicoe mine produced 5,620 oz of gold from 1939 to 1941 and an additional 55 oz in 1949 (Mason and White 1986). The ore bodies comprised a series of veins, each with a maximum strike length of about 100 m and an average width of 0.6 m. The mine workings extend discontinuously for about 1,000 m along strike at depths less than 150 m.

6-6

The following Kailey description is taken directly from Dorval et al. (2024), which is taken directly from Gignac et al. (2021). The 2021 Report summarized the work and findings presented in Murahwi et al. (2013).

Kailey is at the former Little Long Lac mine. In 1917, gold was discovered in the glacial drift along the shore near the Main Narrows on Little Long Lake. In 1932, various individuals staked claims. Sudbury Diamond Drilling Co. drilled the area of the gold discovery and outlined a commercial ore shoot. Little Longlac Gold Mines Ltd. was formed in 1933 to develop the mine. A three-compartment shaft was sunk to 137.16 m. An electric powerline reached the mine in 1934, and a 150 t/d mill was built. Between 1935 and 1940; underground development continued in the form of shaft sinking, drifting, winze sinking, cross-cutting, and so forth. Diamond drilling was extensive. In 1941, the discovery of scheelite in the ore resulted in handpicking of the tungsten-rich material. In 1942, the underground development continued. A small mill was built to treat the tungsten. Between 1943 and 1952, the underground development continued, and diamond drilling was extensive. In 1953, the mining operations continued until the end of the year. Salvage of equipment and mill clean-up followed. Between 1954 and 1956, limited production resulted from cleanup. In 1967, a new entity, also called Little Longlac Gold Mines Ltd., drilled 1,524 m to test the iron formation.

The Kailey property area includes the past-producing Little Long Lac mine. From 1934 to 1956, the Little Long Lac mine produced 1,615,713 tonnes at a grade of 11.7 g/t Au, for a total of 605,499 oz of gold. This accounts for about 20% of all the gold produced by the 10 mines in the Geraldton gold camp between 1934 and 1970, from approximately 10% of the tons milled.

This description was taken from Dorval et al. (2024), which was a summary of an Ontario Division of Mines Report Gold Deposits of Ontario: Part 1 Districts of Algoma, Cochrane, Kenora, Rainy River, and Thunder Bay (Ferguson et al.1971) and has not been verified by the QP.

“The past-producing Magnet Consolidated Mine is located in the southwest part of Errington Township, about 8 km southwest of Geraldton (Figure 6-1).

The discovery of native gold on a small island in the southern part of Magnet Lake in 1931 initiated an intensive search for gold in the area. Between 1934 and 1936, trenching was performed by Magnet Lake Gold Mines, and 24,641 ft (7,512.5 m) of diamond drilling were carried out by Wells Mines Ltd. Drilling uncovered three mineralized zones, two of which—now known as the Magnet and Wells vein zones—showed considerable promise. To explore these zones jointly underground, the two companies amalgamated in 1936 to form Magnet Consolidated Mines Limited (Mason and White 1986).

Between 1936 and 1940, a shaft was sunk to a depth of 1,115 ft (339.9 m), with multiple levels from 203 ft (61.9 m) to 1,080 ft (329.3 m) from which 11,181 ft (3,408.8 m) of drifting and 1,943 ft (592.4 m) of crosscutting was done. A total of 13 underground DDHs totalling 1,665 ft (507.6 m) was completed. A 100-short ton amalgamation–flotation mill was built.

6-7

Between 1940 and 1952, the shaft was continued to a depth of 1,772 ft (540.2 m), with additional levels from 1,230 ft (375.0 m) to 1,730 ft (527.4 m). An inclined winze 228 ft long (69.5 m) was constructed between levels 9, 10, and 11. A winze was sunk 931 ft (284 m) from the 1,730 ft level to a total depth of 2,640 ft (804.5 m), with levels from 1,884 ft (574.3 m) to 2,610 ft (795.7 m). Drifting totalled 19,585 ft (5,971.0 m) and crosscutting 2,944 ft (897.6 m). The company drilled seven surface DDHs for a total of 4,029 ft (1,228 m), and 265 underground holes for a total of 113,123 m (43,054 m).

From 1938 to 1943 and from 1946 to 1952, 152,089 oz of gold and 16,879 oz of silver were produced from 359,912 tonnes of hoisted material. Average gold recovered grade was 0.42 oz/t (13.1 g/t).”

The following description was taken from Dorval et al. (2024), which was a summary of Ferguson et al. (1971) and has not been verified by the QP.

“The past-producing Bankfield Mine is located near the southwest part of Magnet Lake in the west-central part of the Errington Township and extends into Lindsley Township. This historical mine is situated about 10 km west-southwest of Geraldton (Figure 6-1).

The property was originally staked in October 1931 by T. A. Johnson and Robert Wells when they discovered gold-bearing quartz occupying a shear zone cutting a small reef in the southern part of Magnet Lake. Subsequent to this discovery, a mineralized zone was found by surface exploration about 1,000 ft (304.8 m) southwest of the lake. Surface trenching and diamond drilling indicated sufficient material to merit development by underground methods.

Between 1934 and 1936, a shaft was sunk to a depth of 552 ft (168 m), with multiple levels from 150 ft (45.7 m) to 525 ft (160 m). Drifting totalled 2,468 ft (752.2 m) and crosscutting 781 ft (241 m). Underground diamond drilling totalled 1,416 ft (431.6 m), and drilling from surface totalled 2,237 ft (431.6 m) during this period. Work was performed by Bankfield Gold Mines Ltd.

Between 1935 and 1942, a winze (located in Lindsley Township) was sunk from the 525 ft level to a depth of 1,297 ft (395.3 m) from the surface, with multiple levels from 779 ft (237 m) to 1,275 ft (388.6 m). Sublevels were established at 275, 400, 1,025, and 1,150 ft. Drifting totalled 14,516 ft (4,424.5 m), and crosscutting 7,832 ft (2,387 m). Diamond drilling included 132 underground holes totalling 21,628 ft (6,592.2 m), six surface holes totalling 2,328 ft (709.6 m), and 10,145 ft (3,092.2 m) of unspecified drilling. A 100-short ton cyanide mill was constructed. The work was performed by Bankfield Consolidated Mines Ltd.

From 1937 to 1942 and from 1944 to 1947, a total of 66,417 oz of gold and 7,590 oz of silver were produced from 231,009 t of hoisted material. The average gold recovered grade was 0.29 oz/t (9.0 g/t).”

A summary of all available historical exploration information sourced from assessment files, company reports, and other publicly disclosed technical documents is compiled in Table 6-3. The author has compiled this information for completeness but has not independently verified the accuracy, quality, or reliability of the underlying data.

6-8

Table 6-3: Summary of Brookbank Property Exploration History

6-9

6-10

A summary of all available historical exploration information sourced from assessment files, company reports, and other publicly disclosed technical documents is compiled in Table 6-4. The QP has compiled this information for completeness but has not independently verified the accuracy, quality, or reliability of the underlying data.

Table 6-4: Summary of Viper Property Exploration History

6-11

6-12

6-13

This section has been excerpted with slight modifications from Dorval et al. (2024). The portions of this section excerpted from previous NI 43-101 Technical Reports, as noted, are reasonable and represent current knowledge of the geologic setting and mineralization.

The Greenstone Mine (formerly the Hardrock Project) lies within the granite–greenstone Wabigoon Subprovince of the Archean Superior Craton, in eastern Canada (Figure 7-1). The Wabigoon Subprovince, averaging 100 km wide, is exposed for some 900 km eastward from Manitoba and Minnesota, beneath the Mesoproterozoic cover of the Nipigon Embayment, to the Phanerozoic cover of the James Bay Lowlands (Card and Poulsen 1998). The Wabigoon Subprovince is bounded on the south by the metasedimentary Quetico Subprovince, on the northwest by the plutonic Winnipeg River Subprovince, and on the northeast by the metasedimentary English River Subprovince. The Wabigoon–Quetico Subprovince boundary is a structurally complex, largely faulted interface.

The Wabigoon Subprovince can be subdivided into western greenstone-rich domains in the Lake of the Woods–Savant Lake and Rainy Lake Areas, a central dominantly plutonic domain, and an eastern greenstone-rich domain in the Beardmore–Geraldton Area (Blackburn et al. 1991). Deformation and syn- to post-tectonic plutonism occurred between 2,711 to 2,685 Ma. Based on limited geochronological data, the diverse arc-type volcanic sequences in the eastern Wabigoon Subprovince are thought to be mainly Neoarchean, some as old as 2,769 Ma (Anglin et al. 1988).

Figure 7-2 illustrates the regional geology of the Beardmore–Geraldton area. The following has been drawn from Reddick et al. (2010).

The Mine is located within the Beardmore–Geraldton Greenstone Belt that contains several narrow, east–west striking sequences of volcanic and sedimentary rocks of Archean age. The southern edges of these sequences are spatially related to the through-going, major structural discontinuities thought to be thrust faults that have imbricated the sedimentary sequences. A comprehensive description of the regional geology can be found in Smyk et al. (2005). In the Geraldton area, most of the gold mines and a number of gold showings occur within or proximal to the Bankfield–Tombill Deformation Zone (also known as the Barton Bay Deformation Zone), a zone of folding and shearing up to 1 km wide. The southern limit of the Bankfield–Tombill Deformation Zone (BTDZ) is marked by the Bankfield–Tombill Fault, a zone of intense shearing up to 12 m wide.

In the immediate Geraldton area, the dominant rock types are clastic sediments (greywacke and arenite), oxide facies banded iron formations (BIF) and minor mafic metavolcanics. There are a number of younger intrusives, including an albite-rich porphyry unit (Hardrock Porphyry) that is spatially associated with much of the gold mineralization on the Hardrock, MacLeod–Cockshutt and Mosher mines. Significant gold mineralization is also often spatially associated with BIF. In the case of the Little Long Lac mine, gold mineralization is primarily hosted by an arkosic unit.

7-1

Figure 7-1: Plan of Major Geological Elements—Wabigoon Subprovince

Source: Toth et al. 2022.

Figure 7-2: Regional Geology of the Beardmore-Geraldton Area

In addition to the belt scale and local faulting, there has been locally intense ductile deformation of the rocks in the Geraldton area, which is manifested as tight to almost isoclinal, generally upright, polyharmonic folding of major lithologic units, penetrative deformation, folding and boudinage of veins, lithographic units and local transposition of primary contacts. The degree of deformation is apparent in deformed rocks that are dependent on both primary lithology and proximity to the Bankfield–Tombill Fault.

7-2

Gold mineralization in the Hardrock, MacLeod–Cockshutt, Mosher, and the Little Long Lac mines generally occur subparallel to the host rock unit contacts and in association with subvertical structures associated with quartz veins or stringers, minor to semi-massive sulphides (associated with replacement zones in BIF), and weak to moderate carbonate and weak to strong sericite alteration. The ore zones rake shallowly towards the west in the vicinity of the Hardrock, MacLeod–Cockshutt and Mosher mines (15° to 30° W) and slightly more steeply towards the west at the Little Long Lac mines (50° to 60° W), consistent with the fold geometry in each area and parallel to fold hinges.

Gold mineralization occurs in a variety of host rocks, and the style of mineralization is partly a function of the host rock. While the location and overall orientation of the orebodies appear to have been largely structurally controlled, the deformation of the orebodies has not been as intense as that of the host rocks (Table 7-1). Nevertheless, there are areas where local folding and boudinage of mineralized veins is apparent. Additionally, there are strong secondary controls that influence the extent and intensity of gold mineralization, such as the competency contrast between host rocks (e.g., the Hardrock Porphyry and its contacts with either wacke or BIF) and the chemical character of the host rocks (e.g., oxide facies BIF being replaced by sulphides).

Table 7-1: Summary of Deformation and Gold Mineralization Events—Beardmore–Geraldton Greenstone Belt

7-3

This subsection has been modified from Reddick et al. (2010).

The southern limit of the Hardrock property is largely coincident with the Bankfield–Tombill Fault. The fault is described as a variably deformed, largely ductile, high-strain zone characterized by strong heterogeneous penetrative strain, narrow shear zones, and breccias zones cutting a variety of protoliths. Where it is most highly deformed it is described as a “crush zone” by Smyk et al. (2005) that “has been intensely silicified (Pye 1952), carbonatized (Anglin and Franklin, 1985) and contains minor amounts of gold (Pye 1952).” Horwood and Pye (1951) describe this fault as a “strongly sheared and brecciated zone, which in Ashmore Township attains a width of 40 ft, strikes N. 77° W. and dips at 70° S.”

Figure 7-3 illustrates the property geology.

Figure 7-3: Geology of Historical Mines near Greenstone Mine

South of the Bankfield–Tombill Fault, the rocks are primarily sediments. To the north of the Bankfield–Tombill Fault, the Hardrock property is dominated by a series of sedimentary units that have an approximate east–west and subvertical orientation. The majority of these units are greywacke/argillite, arenite, or oxide facies iron formation. Minor conglomerate units are also found. In the Hardrock area, some of the argillite units also contain 1% to 5% magnetite, making the distinction between argillite and lean iron formation difficult in places. Individual millimetre to centimetre-scale bedding is commonly observed in turbidite-type sequences within the well-bedded units. Massive wacke and arenaceous units are also found. BIF can vary from centimetres to decimetres thick, with millimetre-to-centimetre beds common. Although the BIF units are locally tightly folded, attenuated, or boundinaged, individual units can, in some cases, be traced for hundreds to thousands of metres along strike. The greywacke in the vicinity of the Hardrock and MacLeod–Cockshutt mines can contain up to 5% millimetre to centimetre-scale magnetite beds and has been historically referred to as “Lean Iron Formation” in the mining terminology (Figure 7-4).

7-4

Intrusive rocks include the Hardrock Porphyry, diorite, gabbro, and diabase dykes. It is of interest that the Hardrock Porphyry seems to be sill-like in nature, even though it is tightly folded, and the contacts between it and the sedimentary units are often highly deformed. The general scale and folding pattern of the porphyry very closely match the geometry of the conglomerate unit that occurs in the vicinity of the Hardrock and MacLeod–Cockshutt mines (Figure 7-5 and Figure 7-6).

Figure 7-4: Arkosic Unit within Greywackes, Hardrock Deposit Area, DDH 19-21

Source: Equinox 2026.

7-5

Figure 7-5: Contact of Hardrock Porphyry and Greywacke

Source: Equinox 2026.

Note: The folded contact and minor drag folds. Pen points north.

7-6

Figure 7-6: Contact of Sheared Gabbro (Right) with BIF (Left), DDH 19-52

Source: Equinox 2026.

The Mine is underlain by a lithologically heterogeneous package of rocks with anomalous volumes of mafic and felsic intrusions and BIF. Conglomerate occurs along the BTDZ, where most of the gold mines are located. All these rocks are highly strained and have attained lower greenschist facies metamorphism. Despite lithological constraints, it can be demonstrated that chemical alteration near the gold mines often consists of enrichment in gold, silicon, potassium, barium, and carbon dioxide, and depletion in magnesium and calcium (Lavigne 2009). This is manifested as silicification and quartz veining enveloped by sericite–carbonate alteration, accompanied by disseminated pyrite, arsenopyrite, and pyrrhotite (Figure 7-7).

7-7

Figure 7-7: Quartz Carbonate Veins and Sericite Carbonate Alteration at the F Zone

Source: Equinox 2026.

The following discussion on mineralization was excerpted from Smyk et al. (2005).

“Gold mineralization in the Beardmore-Geraldton Belt has resulted from the introduction of hydrothermal fluids in zones of high crustal permeability. Permeability was generated by prolonged, multiple periods of deformation, which focused not only on fluids but also on magmatic activity and intrusions. In the Hardrock Deposit area, a major zone of deformation in which the gold mines are located has been alternatively termed the Bankfield–Tombill Fault Zone (Pye 1952; Horwood and Pye 1951) or the BTDZ (Lafrance et al. 2004, and herein).

Most mineralized occurrences in the Hardrock deposit area lie in a zone of deformation to the immediate north of, and genetically linked to, the BTDZ. This zone of deformation varies from 600 m to 100 m in total width (Figure 7-8), while the crush zone of the Bankfield–Tombill Fault proper ranges from metres to hundreds of metres in width.”

Previously, gold mineralization was interpreted to be associated with D3 brittle shear zones and folds overprinting regional F2 folds (Lafrance et al. 2004); however, more recent studies (e.g., Tóth et al. 2024) suggest that gold mineralization was emplaced relatively early during the structural history of the belt, with multiple stages during the earlier D1 thrusting and D2 sinistral transpression events. The mineralization and earlier structures were then rotated and overprinted during the D3 event. On a subprovince scale, regional folds cut by D3 dextral shear zones reflect long-lived structural events and are promising targets for discovering the next generation of large gold deposits.

7-8

Figure 7-8: Block Diagram of North Zone at the Historical MacLeod–Cockshutt and Hardrock Mines (showing orebodies in black)

Source: Lafrance et al. 2004

The diagram in Figure 7-8 was drawn using level mine plans published in Horwood and Pye (1952) and shows the overprinting of an F2 S-fold by an F3 Z-fold on the north limb of the Hardrock Anticline. Ore pods are shown in black, concentrated in the fold hinge of an earlier fold. Deformed quartz and quartz-carbonate veins, and sulphidized replacement zones occur in BIF host and are spatially related to gold mineralization. Veins are commonly boudinaged or folded, while the wall rock is foliated, silicified, and sericitized with disseminated pyrite, pyrrhotite, and arsenopyrite.

The interpretation of the mineralized zones is based directly on a lithostructural model developed by InnovExplo, with some local updates completed internally for this update. As compared to the 2024 block model, where some mineralized zones were projected beyond the fold-constrained lithological boundary, the updated interpretation has constrained mineralized zones to reflect the fold geometry and host geologic units. Observed field relationships indicate the bulk of mineralization has undergone the same deformation as these units. In the updated model, lithological domains and mineralized zones are located inside three areas (Figure 7-9 and Figure 7-10).

The North Domain consists of a refolded (F3 overprinting F2) sequence of BIF and greywacke, with minor porphyry and gabbros. This essentially consists of the large folded “knot” of iron formation and intercalated wackes, which plunge to the west at 20° to 35°. Three BIF units are present, denoted by “IF” in the unit names, interlayered with the Mineralized Central Wacke and the undifferentiated greywackes. The North Gabbro is located between the two northernmost BIF units. From top to bottom, the units are as follows:

7-9

Figure 7-9: Plan View of Greenstone Lithostructural Model showing Mineralized Zones at 300 m (top) and −200 m (bottom) Elevations (Projection: UTM Zone 16; NAD 83)

Source: Equinox 2026.

7-10

Figure 7-10: Cross-Section of Greenstone Mine Lithostructural Model with Mineralized Zones, Looking West; Top: 4200E; Bottom: 4950E

Source: Equinox 2026.

Source: Equinox 2026.

7-11

In the North Domain, mineralization appears to be preferentially spatially associated with the complex refolded area affecting the BIFs and the North Gabbro. Gold mineralization occurs within all rock types but shows a preferential association with the BIFs and gabbro. The mineralization and historical underground workings are centred on the older fold hinge but also extend along the limbs away from the nose. Both the fold hinge and the mineralization are then refolded by the younger event. Previously, these zones were outlined as listed:

A Central Domain consists mainly of an undifferentiated greywacke sequence and a mineralized portion of this greywacke, defined as the Mineralized Central Wacke, which are both likely sheared and folded. Previously, three mineralized zones were defined within the Central Domain to constrain zones of higher-grade gold mineralization inside the Mineralized Central Wacke.

From south to north, the three mineralized zones are as follows:

A South Domain is characterized by a tightly folded (F2) stratigraphic sequence, consisting of the following units from top to bottom:

Gold mineralization within the South Domain is primarily associated with the “main” anticline (Hardrock Anticline) and preferentially within both BIFs and along the contact/within the porphyry unit. Five mineralized zones were outlined as follows (from south to north):

7-12

There are also a number of mineralized intersections within the wackes and near the contacts of the south porphyry.

The South Gabbro unit marks the southern limit of the deposit and is interpreted to be spatially associated with the Bankfield-Tombill Deformation Zone, but it shows no evidence of mineralization.

Figure 7-11 and Figure 7-12 were photographs taken of the pit walls in August 2024 and show the various relationships between rock types and the structural deformations.

Figure 7-11: Greenstone Mine, East Pit at West Wall (Porphyry Hill)—Historical Underground Workings Visible Along Deformed Iron Formation-Porphyry Contact

Source: Dorval et al. 2024

7-13

Figure 7-12: Greenstone Mine, East Pit at Southeast Corner—Folded Porphyry and Greywacke Units Crosscut by Younger Diabase Dykes

Source: Dorval et al. 2024

The following discussion on the style of gold mineralization was modified after Davie (1995).

Zones which are categorized as quartz-carbonate stringer mineralization include F Zone, F2 Zone, A Zone, SP Zone, Central Zone, parts of the N1 Zone and Tenacity Zone. Mineralization within these zones generally consists of a series of narrow, tightly asymmetrically folded gold-bearing quartz-carbonate stringers, which are usually attenuated, transposed, and dislocated in hook-like segments. The stringers are accompanied by a gold-bearing quartz-sericite-pyrite (±arsenopyrite) alteration halo about the stringers. It is the accumulation of a number of stringers and associated alteration halos that constitute the zones. Individual stringers and their associated alteration haloes within the mineralized zones are often high-grade with minute flecks and clusters of visible gold. Assay results of up to, and often greater than, 30 g/t Au are attainable from some stringers. Overall, zones having average grades of 4 g/t Au, as individual stringers are too narrow and discontinuous to consider mining as separate higher-grade zones.

The quartz-carbonate stringers and veins display parallel to crosscutting relationships in varying lithologies; however, not unlike the sulphide replacement-type mineralization, they appear to show an affinity towards rocks with higher iron content (Figure 7-13). When in the sediments, the mineralized zones often occur within or proximal to lean iron formations, and variable amounts of pyrite, arsenopyrite, and pyrrhotite appear to replace the iron oxides in the quartz-sericite alteration halos about the stringers. When the mineralization occurs in porphyry, the porphyry displays a similar alteration assemblage, with the sulphide having replaced the 0.5% to 1% disseminated hematite content noted in the less altered, hematite-stained porphyry.

7-14

Figure 7-13: Deformed Quartz-Carbonate Stringers in BIF, Headframe Outcrop

Source: Dorval et al. 2024

All evidence indicates that the mineralized zones have undergone identical deformation to that displayed by the lithologies and individual veins. As a result, the mineralized zones appear to be the preserved portions of isoclinally and asymmetrically folded mineralized zones occurring at or near the hinge lines of major and minor fold axes (Figure 7-14). An understanding of this deformation is critical in determining which drill-hole extrapolations have the best probability of intersecting mineralization.

7-15

Figure 7-14: Folded Quartz-Carbonate Veins within Altered Quartz-Porphyry, Porphyry Hill Sulphide Replacement Mineralization

Source: Dorval et al. 2024

Zones that are categorized as sulphide replacement mineralization include the North 1, North 2, and North 3 zones (later grouped into N1 and N2 domains). The nature of the mineralization within these zones is best understood from the historical work completed on the North 1 Zone. Mineralization within these zones occurs as variable pyrite, arsenopyrite, and pyrrhotite replacement of iron oxide at the margins of quartz veins, within the hinge zones of folded BIFs. The auriferous sulphide replacement appears to have migrated outwards along the iron oxide bands from gold-bearing quartz-carbonate stringers occupying brittle axial planar tension fractures. This replacement mineralization yields grades of 7 g/t Au or greater.

Following the initial discovery of gold at the Hardrock Mine in 1934, and during subsequent exploration and mining over the next 80 years, many different naming systems have been used for the mineralized zones. Table 7-2 summarizes the evolution of the nomenclature.

7-16

Table 7-2: Historical and Current Nomenclature of Mineralized Areas at Greenstone Mine

The N1 and N2 domains both represent two main types of mineralization – fracture filling and replacement. They are characterized by the presence of massive sulphides, but the fracture filling type contains greater amounts of quartz and carbonate.

The N1 domain is an amalgamation of mineralized areas of the historical North Zone located at the Z fold hinge of the main iron formation, and the High-Grade North Zone located further west.

The N2 domain is located along the northern synclinal limb of the historical North Zone and encompasses most of its mined resources. Mineralization is present along the iron formation and at the contact between the upper iron formation and the northern gabbro and enveloping greywacke. Gold mineralization is focused in areas with intercalated bands (1 to 50 cm wide) composed of all three lithologies, indicating tight isoclinal folding. Mineralization is accompanied by moderate chlorite and sericite alteration in the gabbro and greywacke, and weak to moderate fuchsite alteration in the gabbro. Mineralization is associated with arsenopyrite and pyrite sulphides in all three lithologies.

7-17

Mineralization in the F domain lies proximal to the northern contact between the quartz-feldspar porphyry and greywacke (F Zone) and the horizon directly north composed of multiple, en-echelon, narrow vein zones located (F2 Zone). Gold mineralization is associated with trace to 5% pyrite and lesser arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite.

The Central domain is a lens within the greywacke envelope adjacent to the N1 domain and subparallel to the south limb of the North IF-1 unit. Similar to the F domain, the Central is characterized by quartz carbonate stringers with trace to 2% pyrite and lesser arsenopyrite, hosted in greywacke with moderate to minor sericite, chlorite and carbonate alteration.

The Tenacity domain is marked by moderately to intensely silicified and veined greywacke host rocks, adjacent to folded altered ultramafic and conglomerate units, with the strongest mineralization localized under the ultramafic in antiform hinge. Gold mineralization is associated with traces to 5% pyrite and lesser pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite, accompanied by sericite and chlorite alterations in sediments or talc and serpentine alterations in the ultramafic unit.

The SP domain encompasses mineralization centred around the main anticline of the deposit that was previously captured as four separate zones: the SP, SP2, A, and Lower Zones. The SP domain mineralization is now grouped into three litho-structural settings:

Gold mineralization is primarily present as quartz-carbonate stringers associated with trace to 5% pyrite and lesser arsenopyrite, as well as occurring as free gold in the quartz-carbonate stringers, accompanied by carbonate and sericite alteration. Sulphide replacement consisting of 2% to 10% blebby pyrite is also localized at the contact margins between porphyry and iron formation.

The regional geological setting described in Section 7.1 for the Greenstone Mine, and summarized in Table 7-1, is applicable to the Greenstone Gold Property as a whole. The following sections 7.5.2 to 7.5.7 have been excerpted from Dorval et al. (2024), which in turn was excerpted from Gignac et al. 2021. The QP has reviewed the following descriptions and can attest to their reasonableness within the current understanding of regional geological setting.

7-18

The Brookbank property is underlain by metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks that trend predominantly east–west and dip steeply to vertically to the south. Metavolcanic rocks consist of massive and pillowed, locally amygdaloidal, flows of basaltic composition along with related tuffaceous rocks. Pillowed flows exhibit tops to the north. They are locally intercalated with coarser-grained rocks of similar composition that have been interpreted as either intrusions or coarse-grained volcanic phases at the center of thicker basaltic flows. The metavolcanic rocks are locally intruded by quartz-feldspar porphyritic dykes. Figure 7-15 presents a geological map of the prospect.

Mafic metavolcanic rocks are fault-bounded against domains of metasedimentary rocks. The northern domain consists of a polymictic conglomerate with pebble- to boulder-sized, rounded to subrounded clasts in a feldspar-quartz-sericite matrix. Clasts consist of volcanic and intrusive rock types of various compositions, quartz pebbles, and jasper, the latter suggesting an affinity with Timiskaming Formation conglomerates in the Timmins (Porcupine) Mining District.

Metasedimentary domains south of Windigokan Lake also contain polymictic conglomerate, feldspathic and quartzose sandstone, wacke, siltstone, minor argillite, and hematitic iron formation.

Felsic to intermediate pyroclastic rocks and flows occur in the north part of the property and are fault-bounded, with mafic metavolcanic rocks across the Paint Lake Fault. They consist of tuff breccia, pyroclastic breccia and tuff, and massive to porphyritic rhyolite flows.

Intermediate to mafic intrusions cut the metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks in the central part of the Brookbank property. They consist of quartz diorite, diorite, and gabbro. North-trending, flat-lying, locally porphyritic, diabase dykes of Keweenawan age cut the metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks along the western boundary of the property in Sandra Township and along the western boundary of Irwin Township.

The Brookbank property is transected by an east–west trending zone of extensive heterogeneous brittle and ductile deformation and hydrothermal alteration, which is referred to as the “Brookbank shear zone” (Figure 7-16). The deformation is locally in excess of one kilometre wide and consists of anastomosing bands of intense fissile shearing, quartz veining, and fracturing, with associated ductile deformation around domains of less deformed metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks. The deformation can be traced for a minimum of 10 km along strike through Irwin Township and remains open in either direction.

7-19

Figure 7-15: Brookbank Property Geology

The 6.5 km-long Brookbank shear zone hosts the Brookbank deposit and numerous other targets including Cherbourg and Foxear (Figure 7-16). The deposits occur along lithological contacts between mafic volcanics and metasediments.

Other areas of gold mineralization are present in one or more of the localized deformation bands within the hanging wall mafic volcanics, which are generally parallel to the Brookbank main zone within the Brookbank shear-zone structure.

The zones of mineralization at Brookbank, Cherbourg, and Foxear occur within one of several bands of intense deformation and hydrothermal alteration at or near the contact between domains of mafic flows and polymictic conglomerates. Hydrothermal alteration accompanying the mineralization consists of silicification, carbonatization, sericitization, chloritization, hematization, and sulphidation. This alteration is commonly marginal to the mineralized quartz-carbonate veins, fractures, and stockworks, and may exceed 50 m wide locally.

7-20

Figure 7-16: Exposure of the Brookbank Mineralized Corridor showing Intense Hydrothermal Alteration

Source: Murahwi et al. 2013.

Mineralogical studies indicate that the precious metal mineralization consists of gold-silver particles with an approximate gold-to-silver ratio of 80:20. The gold occurs primarily as late fracture-controlled mineralization. The mineralization forms elongated lenticular particles associated with grain boundaries and possibly crystallographic planes. The gold generally consists of fine-grained free-gold particles, although there is very little visible gold (VS) even in areas of plus 30 g/t Au assays. Gold values are highest in the quartz–carbonate veinlets/stringers.

Sulphide mineralization (pyrite and minor chalcopyrite) is also present within the sheared host rock and quartz veinlets.

The Key Lake deposit is located within the Beardmore–Geraldton Greenstone Belt of the Wabigoon Subprovince. The project area is within the southern metasedimentary sub-belt on the southern limb of a west-plunging syncline. The mineralized zone at Key Lake is 550 m to 800 m northeast of the Bankfield–Tombill Fault and diverges from it toward the west. It is approximately 2.5 km south of the contact with the central metavolcanic sub-belt.

7-21

Metagreywacke is the predominant rock type in the area and occurs in a series of turbidites. A thick section of fine- to coarse-grained, altered wacke hosts most of the gold mineralization. A bed with granule- to pebble-sized clasts may be a matrix-supported metaconglomerate or a vitric lapilli tuff. Magnetite-rich argillite occurs to the north and south of the mineralized zone. BIFs occur further north.

The metasedimentary rocks have been intruded by one or more thin (0.5 m to 3 m) porphyritic aphanitic felsic dykes, which are spatially related to gold mineralization and are a useful marker horizon. Gabbro and diorite dykes occur in some areas, and Proterozoic diabase dykes crosscut all other rock units.

Figure 7-17 illustrates the interpreted geology taken from Placer Dome Exploration maps and is based on magnetics survey data and drill cores from approximately 18,300 m drilling (Burk 2019a).”

Figure 7-17: Generalized Geology of the Key Lake Property

Source: Burk 2019b

Gold occurs in altered metagreywacke (arkose), felsic dykes, and thin veins cutting these rocks. Gold-bearing altered rocks typically have more than trace amounts of pyrite or arsenopyrite. Mason and White (1986) reported sphalerite and silver. Accessory chalcopyrite has been identified in some holes. A variety of veins are present, including quartz with angular bits of white carbonate typically along vein margins, white and grey massive quartz, and dark-grey veinlets usually less than 3 mm thick composed of quartz or very fine-grained arsenopyrite. Visible gold occurs in veins in both metagreywacke and felsic dykes, but is not common and rarely occurs in wall rock.

7-22

Alteration occurs within and extends beyond the zone of gold mineralization. Widespread dolomite and ankerite alteration was detected by staining (Gasparetto and Stevenson 1996).

Zones of greenish, brownish, and rarely yellowish sericitization are more limited and envelop all but a small fraction of the gold mineralization. Silicification is more limited still and is a very good indicator of gold mineralization. However, a significant proportion of the gold mineralization does not occur in silicified rocks.

Two examples of mineralization observed on the Key Lake Deposit are shown in Figure 7-18 and Figure 7-19.”

Figure 7-18: Example of Fracture-Controlled Pyrite Mineralization in Sericite-Silica Arkosic Wacke, 0.54 g/t Au

Source: Equinox 2026.

Figure 7-19: Example of Sericite-Altered Quartz-Feldspar Porphyry, 7.75 g/t Au

Source: Equinox 2026.

7-23

The Kailey deposit is located at the former Little Long Lac gold mine, about 1.7 km north of the Hardrock Mineralized Corridor. The local geological setting described in Section 7.2 for the Geraldton area is applicable to the Kailey property. It lies within a broad synclinal belt of greywacke, slates, conglomerates, and iron formations that extend westwards to Lake Nipigon. The sediments overlie a thick series of lavas, and both are intruded by igneous rocks of various ages and types. At Little Long Lac gold mine, the sediments follow a westerly pitching drag fold on the northern limb of the syncline (Figure 7-20). Subsequent to the folding, east–west zones of shearing developed and formed channel ways for gold-bearing solutions.

Figure 7-20: Kailey Deposit Geology

Source: Dorval et al. 2024

Deposit-forming quartz veining is localized along an N70E-striking, sub-vertical axial planar shear structure within a west-plunging antiformal fold that is part of a Z-shaped drag fold developed on the northern limb of the west-plunging Barton Bay Syncline. The closure of this antiformal fold is obscured by the waters of Barton Bay and Lake Kenogamisis (Little Long Lac). The No. 9 vein is also controlled by an axial planar fracture that parallels the main lode. The uniform, massive nature of the arkose unit favoured the development of through-going fractures (Burk 2019b).

A three-dimensional view of the various mineralization and host units is shown in Figure 7-21.”

7-24