IBM RELEASES SECOND-QUARTER RESULTS
Solid Software and Consulting Revenue Growth; Strong Gross Profit Margin Expansion
ARMONK, N.Y., July 19, 2023 . . . IBM (NYSE: IBM) today announced second-quarter 2023 earnings results.
“Organizations are using our hybrid cloud and AI technology, and our consulting capabilities, to transform their operations," said Arvind Krishna, IBM chairman and chief executive officer. "We continue to respond to the needs of our clients who seek trusted, enterprise AI solutions, and we are particularly excited about the response to the recently launched watsonx AI platform. Finally, we remain confident in our revenue and free cash flow growth expectations for the full year.”
Second-Quarter Highlights
•Revenue
–Revenue of $15.5 billion, down 0.4 percent, up 0.4 percent at constant currency
–Software revenue up 7 percent, up 8 percent at constant currency
–Consulting revenue up 4 percent, up 6 percent at constant currency
–Infrastructure revenue down 15 percent, down 14 percent at constant currency
•Profit Margin
–Gross Profit Margin: GAAP: 54.9 percent, up 160 basis points; Operating (Non-GAAP): 55.9 percent, up 140 basis points
–Pre-Tax Income Margin: GAAP: 12.9 percent, up 180 basis points; Operating (Non-GAAP): 15.5 percent, down 70 basis points
•Cash Flow
–Year to date net cash from operating activities of $6.4 billion, up $1.8 billion; free cash flow of $3.4 billion, up $0.1 billion
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| SECOND QUARTER 2023 INCOME STATEMENT SUMMARY | |
| Results include YTY impact from gains on the 2Q22 sale of healthcare software assets* | |
| Revenue | | Gross
Profit | | | Gross Profit Margin | | | Pre-tax
Income* | | Pre-tax
Income
Margin* | | Net
Income* | | Diluted
Earnings
Per Share* |
| GAAP from Continuing Operations | $ | 15.5B | | | $ | 8.5B | | | 54.9 | % | | $ | 2.0B | | | 12.9 | % | | $ | 1.6B | | | $ | 1.72 | |
| Year/Year | (0.4) | %** | | 3 | % | | 1.6 | Pts | | 16 | % | | 1.8 | Pts | | 8 | % | | 7 | % |
Operating
(Non-GAAP) | | | | $ | 8.7B | | | 55.9 | % | | $ | 2.4B | | | 15.5 | % | | $ | 2.0B | | | $ | 2.18 | |
| Year/Year | | | | 2 | % | | 1.4 | Pts | | (5) | % | | (0.7) | Pts | | (5) | % | | (6) | % |
* Results include the YTY impact from the gains on the 2Q22 sale of healthcare software assets. GAAP: Pre-Tax Income (17 pts); Pre-Tax Income Margin (1.4 pts); Net Income (15 pts); EPS (15 pts). Operating (Non-GAAP): Pre-Tax Income (9 pts); Pre-Tax Income Margin (1.4 pts); Net Income (9 pts); EPS (9 pts).
** 0.4% at constant currency
“In the quarter, revenue performance was led by our growth vectors of software and consulting, and we continued to expand our gross profit margin, driven by our improving portfolio mix and productivity initiatives," said James Kavanaugh, IBM senior vice president and chief financial officer. "This year we have leveraged our strong cash position to invest for growth, announcing seven acquisitions to bolster our hybrid cloud and AI strategy, while continuing to return value to shareholders through dividends.”
Segment Results for Second Quarter
•Software — revenues of $6.6 billion, up 7.2 percent, up 7.5 percent at constant currency:
–Hybrid Platform & Solutions up 6 percent, up 7 percent at constant currency:
•Red Hat up 11 percent
•Automation up 1 percent, up 2 percent at constant currency
•Data & AI up 10 percent, up 11 percent at constant currency
•Security down 2 percent, down 1 percent at constant currency
–Transaction Processing up 9 percent, up 10 percent at constant currency
•Consulting — revenues of $5.0 billion, up 4.3 percent, up 5.9 percent at constant currency:
–Business Transformation up 3 percent, up 5 percent at constant currency
–Technology Consulting up 4 percent, up 5 percent at constant currency
–Application Operations up 6 percent, up 8 percent at constant currency
•Infrastructure — revenues of $3.6 billion, down 14.6 percent, down 13.8 percent at constant currency:
–Hybrid Infrastructure down 18 percent:
•IBM z Systems down 30 percent
•Distributed Infrastructure down 6 percent
–Infrastructure Support down 8 percent, down 6 percent at constant currency
•Financing — revenues of $0.2 billion, up 26.2 percent, up 27.1 percent at constant currency
Cash Flow and Balance Sheet
In the second quarter, the company generated net cash from operating activities of $2.6 billion, up $1.3 billion year to year. Net cash from operating activities excluding IBM Financing receivables was $2.6 billion. IBM’s free cash flow was $2.1 billion, flat year to year. The company returned $1.5 billion to shareholders in dividends in the second quarter.
For the first six months of the year, the company generated net cash from operating activities of $6.4 billion, up $1.8 billion year to year. Net cash from operating activities excluding IBM Financing receivables was $4.4 billion. IBM's free cash flow was $3.4 billion, up $0.1 billion year to year.
IBM ended the second quarter with $16.3 billion of cash and marketable securities, up $7.5 billion from year-end 2022. Debt, including IBM Financing debt of $10.6 billion, totaled $57.5 billion, up $6.5 billion since the end of 2022.
Full-Year 2023 Expectations
•Revenue: The company continues to expect constant currency revenue growth of three percent to five percent. At current foreign exchange rates, currency is expected to be neutral to revenue growth.
•Free cash flow: The company continues to expect about $10.5 billion in free cash flow, up more than $1 billion year to year.
Forward-Looking and Cautionary Statements
Except for the historical information and discussions contained herein, statements contained in this release may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on the company’s current assumptions regarding future business and financial performance. These statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, including, but not limited to, the following: a downturn in economic environment and client spending
budgets; a failure of the company’s innovation initiatives; damage to the company’s reputation; risks from investing in growth opportunities; failure of the company’s intellectual property portfolio to prevent competitive offerings and the failure of the company to obtain necessary licenses; the company’s ability to successfully manage acquisitions, alliances and dispositions, including integration challenges, failure to achieve objectives, the assumption of liabilities and higher debt levels; fluctuations in financial results; impact of local legal, economic, political, health and other conditions; the company’s failure to meet growth and productivity objectives; ineffective internal controls; the company’s use of accounting estimates; impairment of the company’s goodwill or amortizable intangible assets; the company’s ability to attract and retain key employees and its reliance on critical skills; impacts of relationships with critical suppliers; product quality issues; impacts of business with government clients; reliance on third party distribution channels and ecosystems; cybersecurity and data privacy considerations; adverse effects related to climate change and environmental matters; tax matters; legal proceedings and investigatory risks; the company’s pension plans; currency fluctuations and customer financing risks; impact of changes in market liquidity conditions and customer credit risk on receivables; potential failure of the separation of Kyndryl Holdings, Inc. to qualify for tax-free treatment; risk factors related to IBM securities; and other risks, uncertainties and factors discussed in the company’s Form 10-Qs, Form 10-K and in the company’s other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission or in materials incorporated therein by reference. Any forward-looking statement in this release speaks only as of the date on which it is made. Except as required by law, the company assumes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements.
Presentation of Information in this Press Release
In an effort to provide investors with additional information regarding the company’s results as determined by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the company has also disclosed in this press release the following non-GAAP information, which management believes provides useful information to investors:
IBM results —
•adjusting for currency (i.e., at constant currency);
•presenting operating (non-GAAP) earnings per share amounts and related income statement items;
•free cash flow;
•cash from operating activities excluding IBM Financing receivables.
The rationale for management’s use of these non-GAAP measures is included in Exhibit 99.2 in the Form 8-K that includes this press release and is being submitted today to the SEC.
Conference Call and Webcast
IBM’s regular quarterly earnings conference call is scheduled to begin at 5:00 p.m. EDT, today. The Webcast may be accessed via a link at https://www.ibm.com/investor/events/earnings-2q23. Presentation charts will be available shortly before the Webcast.
Financial Results Below (certain amounts may not add due to use of rounded numbers; percentages presented are calculated from the underlying whole-dollar amounts).
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
COMPARATIVE FINANCIAL RESULTS
(Unaudited; Dollars in millions except per share amounts)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended
June 30, | | | Six Months Ended
June 30, | |
| 2023 | | | 2022 | | | 2023 | | | 2022 | |
| REVENUE BY SEGMENT | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Software | $ | 6,608 | | | | $ | 6,166 | | | | $ | 12,529 | | | | $ | 11,938 | | |
| Consulting | 5,013 | | | | 4,809 | | | | 9,975 | | | | 9,637 | | |
| Infrastructure | 3,618 | | | | 4,235 | | | | 6,716 | | | | 7,453 | | |
| Financing | 185 | | | | 146 | | | | 380 | | | | 300 | | |
| Other | 51 | | | | 180 | | | | 126 | | | | 404 | | |
| TOTAL REVENUE | 15,475 | | | | 15,535 | | | | 29,727 | | | | 29,732 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| GROSS PROFIT | 8,501 | | | | 8,290 | | | | 16,010 | | | | 15,625 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| GROSS PROFIT MARGIN | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Software | 79.3 | | % | | 79.2 | | % | | 79.4 | | % | | 79.0 | | % |
| Consulting | 25.9 | | % | | 24.2 | | % | | 25.6 | | % | | 24.3 | | % |
| Infrastructure | 55.8 | | % | | 53.8 | | % | | 53.9 | | % | | 52.4 | | % |
| Financing | 49.2 | | % | | 35.3 | | % | | 46.5 | | % | | 36.5 | | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| TOTAL GROSS PROFIT MARGIN | 54.9 | | % | | 53.4 | | % | | 53.9 | | % | | 52.6 | | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| EXPENSE AND OTHER INCOME | | | | | | | | | | | |
| S,G&A | 4,900 | | | | 4,855 | | | | 9,754 | | | | 9,452 | | |
| R,D&E | 1,687 | | | | 1,673 | | | | 3,342 | | | | 3,352 | | |
| Intellectual property and custom development income | (248) | | | | (176) | | | | (428) | | | | (297) | | |
| Other (income) and expense | (261) | | | | (81) | | | | (506) | | | | 166 | | |
| Interest expense | 423 | | | | 297 | | | | 790 | | | | 607 | | |
| TOTAL EXPENSE AND OTHER INCOME | 6,501 | | | | 6,568 | | | | 12,952 | | | | 13,280 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS
BEFORE INCOME TAXES | 2,000 | | | | 1,722 | | | | 3,058 | | | | 2,345 | | |
| Pre-tax margin | 12.9 | | % | | 11.1 | | % | | 10.3 | | % | | 7.9 | | % |
| Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes | 419 | | | | 257 | | | | 543 | | | | 218 | | |
| Effective tax rate | 21.0 | | % | | 14.9 | | % | | 17.8 | | % | | 9.3 | | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| INCOME FROM CONTINUING OPERATIONS | $ | 1,581 | | | | $ | 1,465 | | | | $ | 2,515 | | | | $ | 2,127 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Income/(loss) from discontinued operations, net of taxes | 2 | | | | (73) | | | | (4) | | | | (2) | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| NET INCOME | $ | 1,583 | | | | $ | 1,392 | | | | $ | 2,511 | | | | $ | 2,125 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| EARNINGS/(LOSS) PER SHARE OF COMMON STOCK | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Assuming Dilution | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Continuing Operations | $ | 1.72 | | | | $ | 1.61 | | | | $ | 2.74 | | | | $ | 2.34 | | |
| Discontinued Operations | $ | 0.00 | | | | $ | (0.08) | | | | $ | 0.00 | | | | $ | 0.00 | | |
| TOTAL | $ | 1.72 | | | | $ | 1.53 | | | | $ | 2.73 | | | | $ | 2.34 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| Basic | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Continuing Operations | $ | 1.74 | | | | $ | 1.62 | | | | $ | 2.77 | | | | $ | 2.36 | | |
| Discontinued Operations | $ | 0.00 | | | | $ | (0.08) | | | | $ | 0.00 | | | | $ | 0.00 | | |
| TOTAL | $ | 1.74 | | | | $ | 1.54 | | | | $ | 2.76 | | | | $ | 2.36 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| WEIGHTED-AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING (M’s) | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Assuming Dilution | 919.5 | | | 910.7 | | | 918.6 | | | 910.0 | |
| Basic | 909.9 | | | 901.5 | | | 908.7 | | | 900.4 | |
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in Millions) | | At June 30,
2023 | | At December 31,
2022 |
| ASSETS: | | | | |
| Current Assets: | | | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | | $ | 9,394 | | | $ | 7,886 | |
| Restricted cash | | 31 | | | 103 | |
| Marketable securities | | 6,904 | | | 852 | |
| Notes and accounts receivable - trade, net | | 5,673 | | | 6,541 | |
| Short-term financing receivables, net | | 6,429 | | | 7,790 | |
| Other accounts receivable, net | | 838 | | | 817 | |
| Inventories | | 1,501 | | | 1,552 | |
| Deferred costs | | 957 | | | 967 | |
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | | 2,730 | | | 2,611 | |
| Total Current Assets | | 34,458 | | | 29,118 | |
| | | | |
| Property, plant and equipment, net | | 5,443 | | | 5,334 | |
| Operating right-of-use assets, net | | 2,653 | | | 2,878 | |
| Long-term financing receivables, net | | 5,221 | | | 5,806 | |
| Prepaid pension assets | | 8,735 | | | 8,236 | |
| Deferred costs | | 897 | | | 866 | |
| Deferred taxes | | 6,340 | | | 6,256 | |
| Goodwill | | 56,385 | | | 55,949 | |
| Intangibles, net | | 10,496 | | | 11,184 | |
| Investments and sundry assets | | 1,585 | | | 1,617 | |
| Total Assets | | $ | 132,213 | | | $ | 127,243 | |
| | | | |
| LIABILITIES: | | | | |
| Current Liabilities: | | | | |
| Taxes | | $ | 1,606 | | | $ | 2,196 | |
| Short-term debt | | 6,785 | | | 4,760 | |
| Accounts payable | | 3,732 | | | 4,051 | |
| Deferred income | | 12,712 | | | 12,032 | |
| Operating lease liabilities | | 842 | | | 874 | |
| Other liabilities | | 6,836 | | | 7,592 | |
| Total Current Liabilities | | 32,513 | | | 31,505 | |
| | | | |
| Long-term debt | | 50,691 | | | 46,189 | |
| Retirement related obligations | | 9,385 | | | 9,596 | |
| Deferred income | | 3,264 | | | 3,499 | |
| Operating lease liabilities | | 1,986 | | | 2,190 | |
| Other liabilities | | 12,103 | | | 12,243 | |
| Total Liabilities | | 109,942 | | | 105,222 | |
| | | | |
| EQUITY: | | | | |
| IBM Stockholders’ Equity: | | | | |
| Common stock | | 58,963 | | | 58,343 | |
| Retained earnings | | 149,318 | | | 149,825 | |
| Treasury stock — at cost | | (169,581) | | | (169,484) | |
| Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) | | (16,499) | | | (16,740) | |
| Total IBM Stockholders’ Equity | | 22,201 | | | 21,944 | |
| | | | |
| Noncontrolling interests | | 70 | | | 77 | |
| Total Equity | | 22,271 | | | 22,021 | |
| | | | |
| Total Liabilities and Equity | | $ | 132,213 | | | $ | 127,243 | |
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
CASH FLOW ANALYSIS
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended
June 30, | | Six Months Ended
June 30, | | Trailing Twelve Months Ended June 30, |
| (Dollars in Millions) | | 2023 | | 2022* | | 2023 | | 2022* | | 2023 |
| Net Cash from Operations per GAAP | | $ | 2,638 | | | $ | 1,321 | | | $ | 6,412 | | | $ | 4,569 | | | $ | 12,278 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Less: change in IBM Financing receivables | | 50 | | | (1,264) | | | 2,028 | | | 367 | | | 944 | |
| Capital Expenditures, net | | (487) | | | (494) | | | (944) | | | (871) | | | (1,933) | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Free Cash Flow | | 2,101 | | | 2,091 | | | 3,441 | | | 3,331 | | | 9,402 | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Acquisitions | | (334) | | | (260) | | | (356) | | | (958) | | | (1,747) | |
| Divestitures | | 6 | | | 1,207 | | | 6 | | | 1,268 | | | 10 | |
| Dividends | | (1,510) | | | (1,488) | | | (3,007) | | | (2,963) | | | (5,992) | |
| Non-Financing Debt | | (1,178) | | | (2,934) | | | 8,514 | | | 1,740 | | | 8,683 | |
| Other (includes IBM Financing net receivables and debt) | | (347) | | | (1,607) | | | (1,109) | | | (2,197) | | | (1,805) | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| Change in Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Short-term Marketable Securities | | $ | (1,263) | | | $ | (2,991) | | | $ | 7,489 | | | $ | 221 | | | $ | 8,551 | |
*Includes immaterial cash flows from discontinued operations.
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
CASH FLOW
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended
June 30, | | Six Months Ended
June 30, |
| (Dollars in Millions) | | 2023 | | 2022* | | 2023 | | 2022* |
| Net Income from Operations | | $ | 1,583 | | | $ | 1,392 | | | $ | 2,511 | | | $ | 2,125 | |
| Depreciation/Amortization of Intangibles | | 1,076 | | | 1,245 | | | 2,150 | | | 2,501 | |
| Stock-based Compensation | | 288 | | | 254 | | | 556 | | | 488 | |
| Working Capital / Other | | (359) | | | (307) | | | (832) | | | (912) | |
| IBM Financing A/R | | 50 | | | (1,264) | | | 2,028 | | | 367 | |
| Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities | | $ | 2,638 | | | $ | 1,321 | | | $ | 6,412 | | | $ | 4,569 | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Capital Expenditures, net of payments & proceeds | | (487) | | | (494) | | | (944) | | | (871) | |
| Divestitures, net of cash transferred | | 6 | | | 1,207 | | | 6 | | | 1,268 | |
| Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | | (334) | | | (260) | | | (356) | | | (958) | |
| Marketable Securities / Other Investments, net | | 822 | | | (281) | | | (6,659) | | | (625) | |
| Net Cash Provided by/(Used in) Investing Activities | | $ | 7 | | | $ | 172 | | | $ | (7,953) | | | $ | (1,186) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Debt, net of payments & proceeds | | (1,135) | | | (2,514) | | | 6,169 | | | 434 | |
| Dividends | | (1,510) | | | (1,488) | | | (3,007) | | | (2,963) | |
| Financing - Other | | (86) | | | (195) | | | (185) | | | (290) | |
| Net Cash Provided by/(Used in) Financing Activities | | $ | (2,731) | | | $ | (4,197) | | | $ | 2,978 | | | $ | (2,819) | |
| | | | | | | | |
| Effect of Exchange Rate changes on Cash | | (25) | | | (262) | | | (1) | | | (267) | |
| Net Change in Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash | | $ | (110) | | | $ | (2,965) | | | $ | 1,436 | | | $ | 297 | |
*Includes immaterial cash flows from discontinued operations.
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
SEGMENT DATA
(Unaudited)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in Millions) | | Software | | | Consulting | | | Infrastructure | | | Financing | |
| Revenue | | $ | 6,608 | | | | $ | 5,013 | | | | $ | 3,618 | | | | $ | 185 | | |
| Pre-tax Income from Continuing Operations* | | $ | 1,504 | | | | $ | 446 | | | | $ | 633 | | | | $ | 64 | | |
| Pre-tax Margin* | | 22.8 | | % | | 8.9 | | % | | 17.5 | | % | | 34.9 | | % |
| Change YTY Revenue | | 7.2 | | % | | 4.3 | | % | | (14.6) | | % | | 26.2 | | % |
| Change YTY Revenue - Constant Currency | | 7.5 | | % | | 5.9 | | % | | (13.8) | | % | | 27.1 | | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in Millions) | | Software | | | Consulting | | | Infrastructure | | | Financing | |
| Revenue | | $ | 6,166 | | | | $ | 4,809 | | | | $ | 4,235 | | | | $ | 146 | | |
| Pre-tax Income from Continuing Operations | | $ | 1,375 | | | | $ | 343 | | | | $ | 757 | | | | $ | 102 | | |
| Pre-tax Margin | | 22.3 | | % | | 7.1 | | % | | 17.9 | | % | | 69.7 | | % |
*The second quarter 2023 pre-tax charge of approximately $0.12 billion for stranded costs related to portfolio actions is not included in the measure of segment pre-tax income, consistent with the company's management system.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in Millions) | | Software | | | Consulting | | | Infrastructure | | | Financing | |
| Revenue | | $ | 12,529 | | | | $ | 9,975 | | | | $ | 6,716 | | | | $ | 380 | | |
| Pre-tax Income from Continuing Operations* | | $ | 2,668 | | | | $ | 828 | | | | $ | 849 | | | | $ | 165 | | |
| Pre-tax Margin* | | 21.3 | | % | | 8.3 | | % | | 12.6 | | % | | 43.3 | | % |
| Change YTY Revenue | | 5.0 | | % | | 3.5 | | % | | (9.9) | | % | | 26.8 | | % |
| Change YTY Revenue - Constant Currency | | 6.6 | | % | | 7.0 | | % | | (7.8) | | % | | 29.1 | | % |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| (Dollars in Millions) | | Software | | | Consulting | | | Infrastructure | | | Financing | |
| Revenue | | $ | 11,938 | | | | $ | 9,637 | | | | $ | 7,453 | | | | $ | 300 | | |
| Pre-tax Income from Continuing Operations | | $ | 2,509 | | | | $ | 691 | | | | $ | 956 | | | | $ | 186 | | |
| Pre-tax Margin | | 21.0 | | % | | 7.2 | | % | | 12.8 | | % | | 62.0 | | % |
*The year-to-date 2023 pre-tax charge of approximately $0.38 billion for stranded costs related to portfolio actions is not included in the measure of segment pre-tax income, consistent with the company's management system.
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
U.S. GAAP TO OPERATING (Non-GAAP) RESULTS RECONCILIATION
(Unaudited; Dollars in millions except per share amounts)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2023 | |
| Continuing Operations | |
| GAAP | | | Acquisition- Related Adjustments (1) | | | Retirement- Related Adjustments (2) | | | Tax
Reform
Impacts | | | Kyndryl- Related Impacts (3) | | | Operating
(Non-GAAP) | |
| Gross Profit | $ | 8,501 | | | | $ | 150 | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 8,650 | | |
| Gross Profit Margin | 54.9 | | % | | 1.0 | pts. | | — | pts. | | — | pts. | | — | pts. | | 55.9 | | % |
| S,G&A | $ | 4,900 | | | | $ | (245) | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 4,655 | | |
| Other (Income) & Expense | (261) | | | | 0 | | | | (1) | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (262) | | |
| Total Expense & Other (Income) | 6,501 | | | | (246) | | | | (1) | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 6,254 | | |
| Pre-tax Income from Continuing Operations | 2,000 | | | | 395 | | | | 1 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 2,396 | | |
| Pre-tax Income Margin from Continuing Operations | 12.9 | | % | | 2.6 | | pts. | | 0.0 | | pts. | | — | | pts. | | — | | pts. | | 15.5 | | % |
Provision for/(Benefit from) Income Taxes (4) | $ | 419 | | | | $ | 87 | | | | $ | (3) | | | | $ | (110) | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 393 | | |
| Effective Tax Rate | 21.0 | | % | | 0.2 | | pts. | | (0.2) | | pts. | | (4.6) | | pts. | | — | | pts. | | 16.4 | | % |
| Income from Continuing Operations | $ | 1,581 | | | | $ | 308 | | | | $ | 5 | | | | $ | 110 | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 2,003 | | |
| Income Margin from Continuing Operations | 10.2 | | % | | 2.0 | | pts. | | 0.0 | | pts. | | 0.7 | | pts. | | — | | pts. | | 12.9 | | % |
| Diluted Earnings Per Share: Continuing Operations | $ | 1.72 | | | | $ | 0.34 | | | | $ | 0.00 | | | | $ | 0.12 | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 2.18 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 | |
| Continuing Operations | |
| GAAP | | | Acquisition- Related Adjustments (1) | | | Retirement- Related Adjustments (2) | | | Tax
Reform
Impacts | | | Kyndryl- Related Impacts (3) | | | Operating
(Non-GAAP) | |
| Gross Profit | $ | 8,290 | | | | $ | 180 | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 8,470 | | |
| Gross Profit Margin | 53.4 | | % | | 1.2 | pts. | | — | pts. | | — | pts. | | — | pts. | | 54.5 | | % |
| S,G&A | $ | 4,855 | | | | $ | (279) | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 0 | | | | $ | 4,576 | | |
| Other (Income) & Expense | (81) | | | | (1) | | | | (192) | | | | — | | | | (145) | | | | (418) | | |
| Total Expense & Other (Income) | 6,568 | | | | (280) | | | | (192) | | | | — | | | | (145) | | | | 5,952 | | |
| Pre-tax Income from Continuing Operations | 1,722 | | | | 460 | | | | 192 | | | | — | | | | 145 | | | | 2,518 | | |
| Pre-tax Income Margin from Continuing Operations | 11.1 | | % | | 3.0 | | pts. | | 1.2 | | pts. | | — | | pts. | | 0.9 | | pts. | | 16.2 | | % |
Provision for/(Benefit from) Income Taxes (4) | $ | 257 | | | | $ | 115 | | | | $ | 46 | | | | $ | (4) | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 413 | | |
| Effective Tax Rate | 14.9 | | % | | 1.8 | | pts. | | 0.7 | | pts. | | (0.2) | | pts. | | (0.9) | | pts. | | 16.4 | | % |
| Income from Continuing Operations | $ | 1,465 | | | | $ | 345 | | | | $ | 146 | | | | $ | 4 | | | | $ | 145 | | | | $ | 2,105 | | |
| Income Margin from Continuing Operations | 9.4 | | % | | 2.2 | | pts. | | 0.9 | | pts. | | 0.0 | | pts. | | 0.9 | | pts. | | 13.5 | | % |
| Diluted Earnings Per Share: Continuing Operations | $ | 1.61 | | | | $ | 0.38 | | | | $ | 0.16 | | | | $ | 0.00 | | | | $ | 0.16 | | | | $ | 2.31 | | |
(1)Includes amortization of purchased intangible assets, in process R&D, transaction costs, applicable restructuring and related expenses, tax charges related to acquisition integration and pre-closing charges, such as financing costs.
(2)Includes amortization of prior service costs, interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortized actuarial gains/losses, the impacts of any plan curtailments/settlements and pension insolvency costs and other costs.
(3)Primarily relates to fair value changes in shares of Kyndryl common stock that were retained by IBM and the related cash-settled swap..
(4)Tax impact on operating (non-GAAP) pre-tax income from continuing operations is calculated under the same accounting principles applied to the As Reported pre-tax income under ASC 740, which employs an annual effective tax rate method to the results.
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
U.S. GAAP TO OPERATING (Non-GAAP) RESULTS RECONCILIATION
(Unaudited; Dollars in millions except per share amounts)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 | |
| Continuing Operations | |
| GAAP | | | Acquisition- Related Adjustments (1) | | | Retirement- Related Adjustments (2) | | | Tax
Reform
Impacts | | | Kyndryl- Related Impacts (3) | | | Operating
(Non-GAAP) | |
| Gross Profit | $ | 16,010 | | | | $ | 298 | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 16,308 | | |
| Gross Profit Margin | 53.9 | | % | | 1.0 | pts. | | — | pts. | | — | pts. | | — | pts. | | 54.9 | | % |
| S,G&A | $ | 9,754 | | | | $ | (491) | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 9,263 | | |
| Other (Income) & Expense | (506) | | | | (2) | | | | 4 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | (504) | | |
| Total Expense & Other (Income) | 12,952 | | | | (493) | | | | 4 | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 12,463 | | |
| Pre-tax Income from Continuing Operations | 3,058 | | | | 791 | | | | (4) | | | | — | | | | — | | | | 3,845 | | |
| Pre-tax Income Margin from Continuing Operations | 10.3 | | % | | 2.7 | | pts. | | 0.0 | | pts. | | — | | pts. | | — | | pts. | | 12.9 | | % |
Provision for/(Benefit from) Income Taxes (4) | $ | 543 | | | | $ | 178 | | | | $ | (14) | | | | $ | (115) | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 593 | | |
| Effective Tax Rate | 17.8 | | % | | 1.0 | | pts. | | (0.3) | | pts. | | (3.0) | | pts. | | — | | pts. | | 15.4 | | % |
| Income from Continuing Operations | $ | 2,515 | | | | $ | 613 | | | | $ | 10 | | | | $ | 115 | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 3,252 | | |
| Income Margin from Continuing Operations | 8.5 | | % | | 2.1 | | pts. | | 0.0 | | pts. | | 0.4 | | pts. | | — | | pts. | | 10.9 | | % |
| Diluted Earnings Per Share: Continuing Operations | $ | 2.74 | | | | $ | 0.67 | | | | $ | 0.01 | | | | $ | 0.13 | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 3.54 | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 | |
| Continuing Operations | |
| GAAP | | | Acquisition- Related Adjustments (1) | | | Retirement- Related Adjustments (2) | | | Tax
Reform
Impacts | | | Kyndryl- Related Impacts (3) | | | Operating
(Non-GAAP) | |
| Gross Profit | $ | 15,625 | | | | $ | 361 | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 15,986 | | |
| Gross Profit Margin | 52.6 | | % | | 1.2 | pts. | | — | pts. | | — | pts. | | — | pts. | | 53.8 | | % |
| S,G&A | $ | 9,452 | | | | $ | (565) | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 0 | | | | $ | 8,887 | | |
| Other (Income) & Expense | 166 | | | | (1) | | | | (394) | | | | — | | | | (367) | | | | (596) | | |
| Total Expense & Other (Income) | 13,280 | | | | (566) | | | | (394) | | | | — | | | | (367) | | | | 11,953 | | |
| Pre-tax Income from Continuing Operations | 2,345 | | | | 928 | | | | 394 | | | | — | | | | 367 | | | | 4,033 | | |
| Pre-tax Income Margin from Continuing Operations | 7.9 | | % | | 3.1 | | pts. | | 1.3 | | pts. | | — | | pts. | | 1.2 | | pts. | | 13.6 | | % |
Provision for/(Benefit from) Income Taxes (4) | $ | 218 | | | | $ | 224 | | | | $ | 104 | | | | $ | 112 | | | | $ | — | | | | $ | 657 | | |
| Effective Tax Rate | 9.3 | | % | | 3.4 | | pts. | | 1.7 | | pts. | | 2.8 | | pts. | | (0.8) | | pts. | | 16.3 | | % |
| Income from Continuing Operations | $ | 2,127 | | | | $ | 704 | | | | $ | 290 | | | | $ | (112) | | | | $ | 367 | | | | $ | 3,376 | | |
| Income Margin from Continuing Operations | 7.2 | | % | | 2.4 | | pts. | | 1.0 | | pts. | | (0.4) | | pts. | | 1.2 | | pts. | | 11.4 | | % |
| Diluted Earnings Per Share: Continuing Operations | $ | 2.34 | | | | $ | 0.77 | | | | $ | 0.32 | | | | $ | (0.12) | | | | $ | 0.40 | | | | $ | 3.71 | | |
(1)Includes amortization of purchased intangible assets, in process R&D, transaction costs, applicable restructuring and related expenses, tax charges related to acquisition integration and pre-closing charges, such as financing costs.
(2)Includes amortization of prior service costs, interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortized actuarial gains/losses, the impacts of any plan curtailments/settlements and pension insolvency costs and other costs.
(3)Primarily relates to fair value changes in shares of Kyndryl common stock that were retained by IBM and the related cash-settled swap.
(4)Tax impact on operating (non-GAAP) pre-tax income from continuing operations is calculated under the same accounting principles applied to the As Reported pre-tax income under ASC 740, which employs an annual effective tax rate method to the results.
Exhibit 99.2
Non-GAAP Financial Information
Operating (non-GAAP) Earnings Per Share and Related Income Statement Items
In an effort to provide better transparency into the operational results of the business, supplementally, the company separates business results into operating and non-operating categories. Operating earnings from continuing operations is a non-GAAP measure that excludes the effects of certain acquisition-related charges, intangible asset amortization, expense resulting from basis differences on equity method investments, retirement-related costs, certain impacts from the Kyndryl separation and their related tax impacts. Due to the unique, non-recurring nature of the enactment of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (U.S. tax reform), the company characterizes the one-time provisional charge recorded in the fourth quarter of 2017 and adjustments to that charge as non-operating. Adjustments primarily include true-ups, accounting elections and any changes to regulations, laws, audit adjustments that affect the recorded one-time charge. Management characterizes direct and incremental charges incurred related to the Kyndryl separation as non-operating given their unique and non-recurring nature. These charges primarily relate to any net gains or losses on the Kyndryl common stock and the related cash-settled swap with a third-party financial institution, which were recorded in other (income) and expense in the Consolidated Income Statement. As of November 2, 2022, the company no longer held an ownership interest in Kyndryl. For acquisitions, operating (non-GAAP) earnings exclude the amortization of purchased intangible assets and acquisition-related charges such as in-process research and development, transaction costs, applicable retention, restructuring and related expenses, tax charges related to acquisition integration and pre-closing charges, such as financing costs. These charges are excluded as they may be inconsistent in amount and timing from period to period and are significantly impacted by the size, type and frequency of the company’s acquisitions. All other spending for acquired companies is included in both earnings from continuing operations and in operating (non-GAAP) earnings. For retirement-related costs, the company characterizes certain items as operating and others as non-operating, consistent with GAAP. The company includes defined benefit plan and nonpension postretirement benefit plan service costs, multi-employer plan costs and the cost of defined contribution plans in operating earnings. Non-operating retirement-related costs include defined benefit plan and nonpension postretirement benefit plan amortization of prior service costs, interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortized actuarial gains/losses, the impacts of any plan curtailments/settlements and pension insolvency costs and other costs. Non-operating retirement-related costs are primarily related to changes in pension plan assets and liabilities which are tied to financial market performance, and the company considers these costs to be outside of the operational performance of the business.
Overall, the company believes that supplementally providing investors with a view of operating earnings as described above provides increased transparency and clarity into both the operational results of the business and the performance of the company’s pension plans; improves visibility to management decisions and their impacts on operational performance; enables better comparison to peer companies; and allows the company to provide a long-term strategic view of the business going forward. In addition, these non-GAAP measures provide a perspective consistent with areas of interest the company routinely receives from investors and analysts. The company’s reportable segment financial results reflect pre-tax operating earnings from continuing operations, consistent with the company’s management and measurement system.
Operating (non-GAAP) Pre-tax Income Margin Excluding the Gains on the Sale of Healthcare Software Assets
Additionally, the company reported operating (non-GAAP) pre-tax income margin excluding the impact from gains on the 2Q22 sale of its healthcare software assets. The company believes this non-GAAP measure is useful for investors as it provides increased transparency into the current performance of the business, reflects a view consistent with our ongoing operational profile and enables better comparison to peer companies.
Free Cash Flow / Cash from Operating Activities Excluding IBM Financing Receivables
The company uses free cash flow as a measure to evaluate its operating results, plan shareholder return levels, strategic investments and assess its ability and need to incur and service debt. The entire free cash flow amount is not necessarily available for discretionary expenditures. The company defines free cash flow as net cash from operating activities less the change in Financing receivables and net capital expenditures, including the investment in software. A key objective of the Financing business is to generate strong returns on equity, and our Financing receivables are the basis for that growth. Accordingly, management considers Financing receivables as a profit-generating investment, not as working capital that should be minimized for efficiency. Therefore, management presents both free cash flow and net cash from operating activities that exclude the effect of Financing receivables. Free cash flow guidance is derived using an estimate of profit, working capital and operational cash flows. Since the company views Financing receivables as a profit-generating investment which it seeks to maximize, it is not
considered when formulating guidance for free cash flow. As a result, the company does not estimate a GAAP net cash from operations expectation metric.
Constant Currency
When the company refers to growth rates at constant currency or adjusts such growth rates for currency, it is done so that certain financial results can be viewed without the impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, thereby facilitating period-to-period comparisons of its business performance. Financial results adjusted for currency are calculated by translating current period activity in local currency using the comparable prior year period’s currency conversion rate. This approach is used for countries where the functional currency is the local currency. Generally, when the dollar either strengthens or weakens against other currencies, the growth at constant currency rates or adjusting for currency will be higher or lower than growth reported at actual exchange rates.