| (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
| Monica J. Shilling, P.C. Philippa Bond, P.C. Walton Dumas Van Whiting Kirkland & Ellis LLP 2049 Century Park East, 37th Floor Los Angeles, CA 90067 Tel: (310) 552-4200 |
Jordan Coleman Chief Legal and Policy Officer Kodiak Robotics, Inc. 1049 Terra Bella Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 Tel: (650) 209-8005 |
Jeffrey Saper Melissa Rick Austin March Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, P.C. 650 Page Mill Road Palo Alto, CA 94304 Tel: (650) 493-9300 |
| Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | |||
Non-accelerated filer |
☒ | Smaller reporting company | ||||
| Emerging growth company | ||||||
| * | Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination described in the proxy statement/prospectus forming part of this registration statement and subject to the approval of its shareholders, Ares Acquisition Corporation II (“ AACT Domestication |
| Exact Name of Co-Registrant asSpecified in its Charter (1)(2) |
State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization |
Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number |
I.R.S. Employer Identification Number | |||
| Kodiak Robotics, Inc. |
Delaware | 7373 | 82-5086710 |
| (1) | The Co-Registrant has the following principal executive office: |
| (2) | The agent for service for the Co-Registrant is: |
| (a) | each share of common stock, par value $0.000001 per share, of Legacy Kodiak (“ Legacy Kodiak Common Stock Per Share Merger Consideration Aggregate Consideration Base Purchase Price |
| (b) | each issued, outstanding and unexercised warrant to purchase shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock prior to the Effective Time will be either: (i) net exercised in exchange for shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock in accordance with its terms and cancelled, extinguished, retired or shall otherwise cease to exist and the holder of such warrants shall cease to have any rights with respect thereto, other than with respect to the Legacy Kodiak Common Stock into which such warrants have been exchanged; or (ii) assumed and converted into a comparable warrant to purchase shares of Kodiak Common Stock, in each case, pursuant to the terms of such warrant; |
| (c) | each issued, outstanding and unexercised option to purchase shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock, whether vested or unvested, as of immediately prior to the Effective Time (a “ Legacy Kodiak Option Exchanged Kodiak Option |
| (d) | Kodiak will contribute to Legacy Kodiak an amount in cash (the “ Available Closing Cash less plus plus |
No Redemption Scenario (1) |
50% Redemption Scenario (1) |
Maximum Redemption Scenario (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock |
Ownership %* |
Common Stock |
Ownership %* |
Common Stock |
Ownership %* |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Public Shareholders |
49,359,712 |
17.2 |
% |
24,679,856 |
9.4 |
% |
— |
0.0 |
% | |||||||||||||||
| Sponsor (2) |
6,250,000 |
2.2 |
% |
6,250,000 |
2.4 |
% |
6,250,000 |
2.6 |
% | |||||||||||||||
| Legacy Kodiak Securityholders (3) |
220,264,317 |
76.9 |
% |
220,264,317 |
84.2 |
% |
220,264,317 |
93.0 |
% | |||||||||||||||
| PIPE Investors (4) |
9,300,048 |
3.2 |
% |
9,300,048 |
3.6 |
% |
9,300,048 |
3.9 |
% | |||||||||||||||
| Legacy Kodiak Advisor (5) |
1,101,321 |
0.4 |
% |
1,101,321 |
0.4 |
% |
1,101,321 |
0.5 |
% | |||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Total shares of Kodiak Common Stock outstanding at Closing |
286,275,398 |
100.0 |
% |
261,595,542 |
100.0 |
% |
236,915,686 |
100.0 |
% | |||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
* |
Amounts may not sum due to rounding. |
(1) |
Share ownership presented under each redemption scenario is presented for illustrative purposes. AACT and Legacy Kodiak cannot predict how many Public Shares will be redeemed. As a result, the redemption amount and the number of Public Shares redeemed in connection with the Business Combination may differ from the amounts presented above. The ownership percentages of current AACT shareholders may also differ from the presentation above if the actual redemptions are different from these assumptions. See “ Risk Factors—Risks Related to AACT—The ability of our Public Shareholders to exercise redemption rights with respect to a portion of our Public Shares could increase the probability that the Business Combination will be unsuccessful and that you would have to wait for liquidation for your Public Shares to be redeemed |
(2) |
Excludes 50% or 6,250,000 of the Sponsor’s 12,500,000 Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, which are Sponsor Earn Out Securities subject to vesting upon the occurrence of Triggering Event I during the Earn Out Period. |
(3) |
Includes (i) 56,562,426 shares of Kodiak Common Stock underlying Legacy Kodiak Options, which will automatically convert, on a one-for-one basis, into Exchanged Kodiak Options at Closing; (ii) 30,331,223 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of all SAFEs and 3,353,248 shares issuable upon conversion of all Second Lien Loans (excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan) into shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock immediately prior to the Closing; and (iii) 2,104,844 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable in respect of Legacy Kodiak Warrants that are expected to vest and be net exercised immediately prior to the Closing. Second Lien Loans convert at a price based on the Second Lien Conversion Price and the amount converted includes all accrued and unpaid interest at the time of conversion. Excludes (i) 1,135,843 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Exchanged SAFE Loan and (ii) 75,000,000 Earn Out Securities that Legacy Kodiak Securityholders will be eligible to receive upon achievement of certain milestones during the Earn Out Period and, in the case of the Earn Out RSUs, satisfaction of certain service-based vesting requirements. |
(4) |
Assumes (i) completion of the contemplated $100.0 million PIPE Investment; (ii) that 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at the Redemption Price and 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at 90% of the Redemption Price; and (iii) that the PIPE Investors purchase PIPE Stock for cash. As of July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, PIPE Investors have subscribed for $60.0 million of PIPE Stock. |
(5) |
Represents shares of Kodiak Common Stock to be issued at Closing to an advisor to Legacy Kodiak in a private placement in satisfaction of $12.5 million of fees payable to such advisor. |
| • | Advisory Organizational Documents Proposal 5A — Kodiak Preferred Stock |
| • | Advisory Organizational Documents Proposal 5B — Securities Act |
| • | Advisory Organizational Documents Proposal 5C — |
| • | Advisory Organizational Documents Proposal 5D — |
| • | Advisory Organizational Documents Proposal 5E — two-thirds of the voting power of the outstanding voting securities of Kodiak entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, to amend, repeal, or modify any provision of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation, other than Article I (Name), Article II (Registered Agent and Address), Article III (Nature of Business), Sections 1 (Authorized Stock), 2 (Vote per Share), 4 (Common not Voting on Preferred Matters) and 5 (No Class Vote to Increase or Decrease Authorized Stock) of Article IV, Article IX (Exculpation of Directors and Officers and Indemnification), Article X (Location of Stockholder Meetings and Books) and Article XIII (Incorporator Information), which requires the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the voting power of the outstanding Kodiak capital stock entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, in addition to any requirements for such amendments under the Delaware General Corporation Law. The Proposed Organizational Documents will also require the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the total voting power of the outstanding voting securities of Kodiak, voting together as a single class, for the stockholders to adopt, amend, alter, or repeal the Proposed Bylaws, provided the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the total voting power of the outstanding voting securities of Kodiak, voting together as a single class, will be required for the Kodiak stockholders to alter, amend or repeal, or adopt any bylaw inconsistent with, certain provisions of the Proposed Bylaws. |
| (i) | (A) hold Public Shares; or (B) hold Public Shares through AACT Units (as defined in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus) and elect to separate your AACT Units into the underlying Public Shares and Public Warrants (as defined in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus) prior to exercising your redemption rights with respect to the Public Shares; |
| (ii) | submit a written request to Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, AACT’s transfer agent (the “ Transfer Agent |
| (iii) | deliver your share certificates for Public Shares (if any) along with any other applicable redemption forms to the Transfer Agent, physically or electronically through The Depository Trust Company (“ DTC |
Page |
||||
ii |
||||
iii |
||||
xiii |
||||
xv |
||||
xviii |
||||
1 |
||||
36 |
||||
101 |
||||
109 |
||||
161 |
||||
170 |
||||
172 |
||||
175 |
||||
183 |
||||
193 |
||||
199 |
||||
202 |
||||
204 |
||||
222 |
||||
226 |
||||
243 |
||||
268 |
||||
273 |
||||
284 |
||||
287 |
||||
297 |
||||
321 |
||||
338 |
||||
349 |
||||
358 |
||||
360 |
||||
361 |
||||
361 |
||||
361 |
||||
361 |
||||
362 |
||||
362 |
||||
362 |
||||
F-1 |
||||
A-1 |
||||
B-1 |
||||
C-1 |
||||
D-1 |
||||
E-1 |
||||
F-1 |
||||
G-1 |
||||
H-1 |
||||
I-1 |
||||
J-1 |
||||
K-1 |
||||
L-1 |
||||
• |
the Closing occurs on July 17, 2025; |
• |
a Redemption Price of $11.35; |
• |
no Public Shareholders exercise their redemption rights in connection with the Closing, and the balance of the Trust Account as of the Closing is the same as its balance on July 17, 2025 of $560.2 million. Please see the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “ Extraordinary General Meeting of AACT—Redemption Rights |
| • | no AACT Warrants will be exercised; |
| • | there are no issuances of equity securities of AACT, Legacy Kodiak or Kodiak prior to the Closing except as described below; |
• |
the $10.0 million Exchanged SAFE Loan remains outstanding following the Closing and is repaid in cash at maturity on October 1, 2026, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon; |
| • | the $1.2 million in Working Capital Loans are fully repaid in cash in connection with the Closing; |
| • | the $5.0 million in Overfunding Loans are fully repaid in cash in connection with the Closing; |
| • | the $12.5 million transaction fee that is payable to one of Legacy Kodiak’s financial advisors in cash or shares Kodiak Common Stock in connection with the Closing will be paid in shares of Kodiak Common Stock at a price per share equal to the Redemption Price; |
| • | the Earn Out RSUs and Sponsor Earn Out Securities have not vested and the Earn Out Shares have not been issued; |
| • | there are no exercises of Legacy Kodiak Options; |
| • | all of the warrants held by Legacy Kodiak Securityholders vest and are net exercised immediately prior to Closing; |
• |
the $0.6 million of delayed draw Second Lien Loans are issued on the Closing Date; |
| • | there is no Modification in Recommendation (as defined in this proxy statement/prospectus); |
| • | the completion of the contemplated $100.0 million PIPE Investment and that 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at the Redemption Price and 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at 90% of the Redemption Price. Further, the PIPE Investors purchase the PIPE Stock for cash; and |
| • | none of the Sponsor or its affiliates purchase any AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, AACT Units or Public Warrants in the public markets. |
| • | American Trucking Associations, ATA U.S. Freight Transportation Forecast to 2035, January 2025. |
| • | American Trucking Associations, American Trucking Trends 2024, September 2024. |
| • | American Trucking Associations, ATA U.S. Freight Transportation Forecast to 2035, January 2025. |
| • | American Trucking Associations, Driver Shortage Update 2021, October 25, 2021. |
| • | American Transportation Research Institute, An Analysis of the Operational Costs of Trucking: 2024 Update, June 2024. |
| • | Bobby Samuels, The Economic Factors Fueling the Trucker Shortage, Vision Magazine, June 27, 2024. |
| • | Center for Transportation Safety at the Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Analysis of Crash Data in the Texas Permian Basin, 2024. |
| • | Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Summary of Hours of Service Regulation, https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/hours-service/summary-hours-service-regulations, last updated March 28, 2022. |
| • | Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, The Large Truck Crash Causation Study—Analysis Brief, July 2007. |
| • | Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Safety and Fitness Electronic Records System. |
| • | Goldilocks and the Three Dispatchers: Quantifying the Impact of Dispatcher Management on Truck Driver Performance, https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/130951/Proctor_Sousa_Jr_ project_Goldilocks_and_the_Three_Dispatchers.pdf, June 2021. |
| • | Retailer Industry Leaders Association and McKinsey & Company, Retail Speaks. Retailer delivery speed goals as of 2022. |
| • | The Business Research Company, Military Truck Global Market Report 2023, October 2023. |
| • | Transport Topics, 2024 Essential Financial and Operating Information for the 100 Largest For-Hire Carriers in North America, 2024. |
| • | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Civilian occupations with high fatal work injury rates, 2023, December 2024. |
| • | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, CPI Inflation Calculator. https://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm. |
| • | U.S. Department of Transportation National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Second Amended Standing General Order 2021-01, July 2021. |
| • | U.S. Department of Transportation, Preparing for the Future of Transportation—Automated Vehicles 3.0, 2018. |
| • | U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Waivers, Exemptions, and Pilot Programs Annual Report to Congress Fiscal Year 2022, April 2024. |
| • | U.S. Department of Transportation, Motor Carrier Safety Progress Report Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, March 31, 2024. |
| • | Verified Market Research, Road Freight Transportation Market Size and Forecast 2023-2031, July 2024. |
| • | our ability to consummate the Business Combination; |
| • | satisfaction or waiver of the Closing conditions set forth in the Business Combination Agreement; |
| • | the occurrence of any other event, change or other circumstances that could give rise to the termination of the Business Combination Agreement; |
| • | expectations with respect to the future performance and the success of Kodiak following the consummation of the Business Combination; |
| • | the expected benefits of the Business Combination; |
| • | Kodiak’s estimated total addressable markets for its commercial trucking and public sector applications; |
| • | Kodiak’s operational and product roadmap, and its ability to produce and deploy the Kodiak Driver at scale; |
| • | Kodiak’s estimated Kodiak Driver-as-a-Service |
| • | the regulatory landscape for the Kodiak Driver and complexities with compliance related to such landscape, including with respect to recent changes in tariffs and trade policy; |
| • | Kodiak’s capitalization after giving effect to the Business Combination; |
| • | developments relating to Kodiak’s competitors and industry; |
| • | Kodiak’s ability to successfully collaborate with business partners and customers; |
| • | Kodiak’s expectations regarding its ability to obtain, maintain, protect and enforce its intellectual property rights; |
| • | Kodiak’s future capital requirements and sources and uses of cash; |
| • | Kodiak’s success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, its officers, key employees or directors; |
| • | Kodiak’s expectations regarding expansion plans and opportunities, including into international markets; |
| • | the completion of the $100.0 million contemplated PIPE Investment; |
| • | the potential liquidity and trading of Kodiak’s public securities; |
| • | any changes in Kodiak’s strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects and plans; and |
| • | expectations regarding Kodiak’s status as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act. |
| • | significant risks and uncertainties associated with rapidly evolving AV technology; |
| • | Kodiak’s limited operating history, including its net losses and undemonstrated ability to achieve profitability; |
| • | Kodiak’s ability to execute its Driver-as-a-Service or DaaS business model, including maintaining, retaining and expanding customer relationships and scaling production and commercial deliveries on expected timelines; |
| • | any flaws or errors in Kodiak’s solutions or flaws in or misuse of AV technology in general; |
| • | the risk of significant injury, including fatalities, presented by AV technology; |
| • | the effects of competition on Kodiak’s business; |
| • | risks related to working with third-party suppliers, OEMs, upfitters, service providers and partners for key components of the Kodiak Driver, including supply shortages; |
| • | Kodiak’s dependence on a limited number of customers, including Atlas and customers in the public sector, for a significant portion of its revenue; |
| • | Kodiak’s reliance on the experience and expertise of its management team, engineers and other key employees; |
| • | Kodiak’s ability to establish, maintain, protect or enforce its technology and intellectual property rights and defend intellectual property infringement claims from others; |
| • | changes in the regulatory environment, including changes to tariff and trade policies; |
| • | risks related to general business and economic conditions, including those related to the trucking, industrial, oil and gas and public sector ecosystems; |
| • | real or perceived inaccuracies in Kodiak’s assumptions and estimates to calculate certain metrics; |
| • | Kodiak’s ability to raise capital in the future and its ability to manage its growth, cash and expenses; |
| • | the inability of the parties to successfully or timely consummate the Business Combination; |
| • | any legal proceedings instituted against AACT, Legacy Kodiak or AACT’s shareholders related to the Business Combination; |
| • | dilution to AACT’s shareholders due to the issuance of shares of Kodiak Common Stock and other securities in connection with the Business Combination; |
| • | the ability of AACT’s Public Shareholders to exercise redemption rights; |
| • | if the Adjournment Proposal is not approved and a quorum is present but an insufficient number of votes have been obtained to approve the Business Combination Proposal; and |
| • | other risks and uncertainties described in this proxy statement/prospectus, including those detailed under the section entitled “ Risk Factors |
Q. |
Why am I receiving this proxy statement/prospectus? |
| A. | AACT shareholders are being asked to consider and vote upon, among other proposals, a proposal to approve and adopt the Business Combination Agreement and approve the Business Combination. Among other things, the Business Combination Agreement provides for the Domestication of AACT to Delaware as described below and the merger of Merger Sub with and into Legacy Kodiak, with Legacy Kodiak being the surviving company as a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Kodiak, in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Business Combination Agreement as more fully described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. See the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “ The Business Combination Proposal |
Q. |
What proposals are shareholders of AACT being asked to vote upon? |
| A. | At the Extraordinary General Meeting, AACT is asking holders of AACT Ordinary Shares to consider and vote upon: |
| • | the Business Combination Proposal; |
| • | the Domestication Proposal; |
| • | the Stock Issuance Proposal; |
| • | the Organizational Documents Proposal; |
| • | the Advisory Organizational Documents Proposals; |
| • | the Incentive Plan Proposal; |
| • | the Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal; |
| • | the Director Election Proposal; and |
| • | the Adjournment Proposal, if presented to the Extraordinary General Meeting. |
Q. |
Are the proposals conditioned on one another? |
| A. | Yes. The Business Combination is conditioned on the approval of each of the Condition Precedent Proposals at the Extraordinary General Meeting. Each of the Condition Precedent Proposals is cross-conditioned on the approval of all of the other Condition Precedent Proposals. The Advisory Organizational Documents Proposals are conditioned on the approval of all of the Condition Precedent Proposals. The Adjournment Proposal is not conditioned upon the approval of any other proposal. |
Q. |
Why is AACT proposing the Business Combination? |
| A. | AACT was incorporated to effect a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. |
Q. |
What will Legacy Kodiak Securityholders receive in connection with the Business Combination? |
| A. | Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, in exchange for the outstanding equity interests of Legacy Kodiak, Legacy Kodiak Securityholders will receive the Aggregate Consideration which is equal to, in the aggregate, a number of shares of Kodiak Common Stock that is approximately equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (i) the Base Purchase Price by (ii) the Redemption Price, subject to adjustment in limited circumstances not currently anticipated to occur as set forth in the Business Combination Agreement. In addition, Legacy Kodiak Securityholders will receive, on a pro rata basis, the Earn Out Securities. The shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable as Earn Out Securities will be issued, and the Earn Out RSUs will vest, subject to the satisfaction of certain milestones. Each Earn Out RSU will be subject to certain service-based vesting conditions. Outstanding Legacy Kodiak Options, whether vested or unvested, will convert into Exchanged Kodiak Options. Outstanding warrants of Legacy Kodiak will (i) be net exercised in exchange for Kodiak Common Stock; or (ii) convert to Kodiak Warrants. For further details, see the section titled “ The Business Combination Proposal—The Business Combination Agreement—Business Combination Consideration |
Q. |
What are the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Merger to U.S. Holders of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock? |
| A. | Each of Legacy Kodiak and AACT intends for the Merger to qualify, and each will take the position that the Merger qualifies as a “reorganization” within the meaning of Section 368(a) of Code unless otherwise required by: (i) a “determination” within the meaning of Section 1313(a) of the Code (or any similar or analogous law); or (ii) a change in applicable law. Assuming the Merger so qualifies, Legacy Kodiak U.S. |
| holders (as defined in the section titled “ Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations of the Merger Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations of the Merger |
Q. |
What equity stake will current AACT shareholders and Legacy Kodiak Securityholders hold in Kodiak immediately after the Closing? |
A. |
As of July 17, 2025, there are 49,359,712 Public Shares issued and outstanding which may be redeemed in connection with the Extraordinary General Meeting, and 12,500,000 shares of non-redeemable Class A Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding. In addition, there are 39,300,000 AACT Warrants issued and outstanding, consisting of 25,000,000 Public Warrants and 14,300,000 Private Placement Warrants. Each AACT Warrant is each exercisable for one AACT Class A Ordinary Share (or, following the Domestication, one share of Kodiak Common Stock). |
No Redemption Scenario (1) |
50% Redemption Scenario (1) |
Maximum Redemption Scenario (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock |
Ownership %* |
Common Stock |
Ownership %* |
Common Stock |
Ownership %* |
|||||||||||||||||||
Public Shareholders |
49,359,712 |
17.2 |
% |
24,679,856 |
9.4 |
% |
— |
— |
% | |||||||||||||||
Sponsor (2) |
6,250,000 |
2.2 |
% |
6,250,000 |
2.4 |
% |
6,250,000 |
2.6 |
% | |||||||||||||||
Legacy Kodiak Securityholders (3) |
220,264,317 |
76.9 |
% |
220,264,317 |
84.2 |
% |
220,264,317 |
93.0 |
% | |||||||||||||||
PIPE Investors (4) |
9,300,048 |
3.2 |
% |
9,300,048 |
3.6 |
% |
9,300,048 |
3.9 |
% | |||||||||||||||
Legacy Kodiak Advisor (5) |
1,101,321 |
0.4 |
% |
1,101,321 |
0.4 |
% |
1,101,321 |
0.5 |
% | |||||||||||||||
Total shares of Kodiak Common Stock outstanding at Closing |
286,275,398 |
100.0 |
% |
261,595,542 |
100.0 |
% |
236,915,686 |
100.0 |
% | |||||||||||||||
No Redemption Scenario (1) |
50% Redemption Scenario (1) |
Maximum Redemption Scenario (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock |
Ownership %* |
Common Stock |
Ownership %* |
Common Stock |
Ownership %* |
|||||||||||||||||||
Public Shareholders |
49,359,712 |
11.9 |
% |
24,679,856 |
6.4 |
% |
— |
— |
% | |||||||||||||||
Public Warrant Holders (6) |
25,000,000 |
6.1 |
% |
25,000,000 |
6.4 |
% |
25,000,000 |
6.9 |
% | |||||||||||||||
Sponsor (2) |
6,250,000 |
1.5 |
% |
6,250,000 |
1.6 |
% |
6,250,000 |
1.7 |
% | |||||||||||||||
Private Placement Warrant Holder (6) |
14,300,000 |
3.5 |
% |
14,300,000 |
3.7 |
% |
14,300,000 |
3.9 |
% | |||||||||||||||
Legacy Kodiak Securityholders (3) |
220,264,317 |
53.3 |
% |
220,264,317 |
56.7 |
% |
220,264,317 |
60.6 |
% | |||||||||||||||
Sponsor Earn Out Securities (7) |
6,250,000 |
1.5 |
% |
6,250,000 |
1.6 |
% |
6,250,000 |
1.7 |
% | |||||||||||||||
Earn Out Securities (8) |
75,000,000 |
18.2 |
% |
75,000,000 |
19.3 |
% |
75,000,000 |
20.6 |
% | |||||||||||||||
Shares Issued upon Conversion of Working Capital Loan Warrants (6)(9) |
1,232,707 |
0.3 |
% |
1,232,707 |
0.3 |
% |
1,232,707 |
0.3 |
% | |||||||||||||||
Shares Issued upon Conversion of Overfunding Loan Warrants (6)(10) |
5,000,000 |
1.2 |
% |
5,000,000 |
1.3 |
% |
5,000,000 |
1.4 |
% | |||||||||||||||
PIPE Investors (4) |
9,300,048 |
2.3 |
% |
9,300,048 |
2.4 |
% |
9,300,048 |
2.6 |
% | |||||||||||||||
Legacy Kodiak Advisor (5) |
1,101,321 |
0.3 |
% |
1,101,321 |
0.3 |
% |
1,101,321 |
0.3 |
% | |||||||||||||||
Fully-Diluted Shares |
413,058,105 |
100.0 |
% |
388,378,249 |
100.0 |
% |
363,698,393 |
100.0 |
% | |||||||||||||||
| * | Amounts may not sum due to rounding. |
(1) |
Share ownership presented under each redemption scenario is presented for illustrative purposes. AACT and Legacy Kodiak cannot predict how many Public Shares will be redeemed. As a result, the redemption amount and the number of Public Shares redeemed in connection with the Business Combination may differ from the amounts presented above. The ownership percentages of current AACT shareholders may also differ from the presentation above if the actual redemptions are different from these assumptions. See “ Risk Factors—Risks Related to AACT—The ability of our Public Shareholders to exercise redemption rights with respect to a portion of our Public Shares could increase the probability that the Business Combination will be unsuccessful and that you would have to wait for liquidation for your Public Shares to be redeemed |
| (2) | Excludes 50% or 6,250,000 of the Sponsor’s 12,500,000 Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, which are Sponsor Earn Out Securities subject to vesting upon the occurrence of Triggering Event I during the Earn Out Period. |
(3) |
Includes (i) 56,562,426 shares of Kodiak Common Stock underlying Legacy Kodiak Options, which will automatically convert, on a one-for-one basis, into Exchanged Kodiak Options at Closing; (ii) 30,331,223 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of all SAFEs and 3,353,248 shares issuable upon conversion of all Second Lien Loans, excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan, into shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock immediately prior to the Closing; and (iii) 2,104,844 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable in respect of Legacy Kodiak Warrants that are expected to vest and be net exercised immediately prior to the Closing. Second Lien Loans convert at a price based on the Second Lien Conversion Price and the amount converted includes all accrued and unpaid interest at the time of conversion. Excludes (i) 1,135,843 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Exchanged SAFE Loan and (ii) 75,000,000 Earn Out Securities that Legacy Kodiak Securityholders will be eligible to receive upon achievement of certain milestones during the Earn Out Period and, in the case of the Earn Out RSUs, satisfaction of certain service-based vesting requirements. |
(4) |
Assumes (i) completion of the contemplated $100.0 million PIPE Investment; and (ii) that 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at the Redemption Price and 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at 90% of the Redemption Price. As of July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, PIPE Investors have subscribed for $60.0 million of PIPE Stock. |
| (5) | Represents shares of Kodiak Common Stock to be issued at Closing to an advisor to Legacy Kodiak in a private placement in settlement of $12.5 million of fees payable to such adviser. |
| (6) | Represents shares issuable upon the exercise of Kodiak Warrants. Kodiak Warrants will be exercisable beginning 30 days following the Closing for one share of Kodiak Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share in accordance with the terms of the warrants. Each redemption scenario assumes that all outstanding warrants are exercised for cash. |
| (7) | Represents 6,250,000 shares of Kodiak Common Stock which are Sponsor Earn Out Securities subject to vesting upon the occurrence of Triggering Event I during the Earn Out Period. |
| (8) | Represents an aggregate of 75,000,000 Earn Out Securities that Legacy Kodiak Securityholders will be eligible to receive upon achievement of certain milestones during the Earn Out Period and, in the case of the Earn Out RSUs, satisfaction of certain service-based vesting requirements. 25,000,000 Earn Out Securities will vest or be issued upon the occurrence of Triggering Event I, 25,000,000 Earn Out Securities will vest or be issued upon the occurrence of Triggering Event II and 25,000,000 Earn Out Securities will vest or be issued upon the occurrence of Triggering Event III. |
(9) |
Assumes that the Working Capital Loans are converted into Kodiak Warrants. The Working Capital Loans will, in the Sponsor’s discretion, either be repaid upon the Closing or converted into Kodiak Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant (or any combination of repayment or conversion). Any such warrants will be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. |
(10) |
Assumes that the Overfunding Loans are converted into Kodiak Warrants. The Overfunding Loans will, in the Sponsor’s discretion, either be repaid upon the Closing or converted into Kodiak Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant (or any combination of repayment or conversion). Any such warrants will be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. |
Q. |
How has the announcement of the Business Combination affected the trading price of the AACT Class A Ordinary Shares? |
A. |
On April 11, 2025, the last trading date prior to the public announcement of the Business Combination, AACT Units, AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and Public Warrants closed at $11.43, $11.18 and $0.24, respectively. As of July 17, 2025, the last practicable trading day immediately prior to the filing date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the closing price for each AACT Unit, AACT Class A Ordinary Share and Public Warrant was $12.29, $11.38 and $1.45, respectively. |
Q. |
Will AACT obtain new financing in connection with the Business Combination? |
A. |
Concurrently with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, on April 14, 2025, AACT entered into PIPE Subscription Agreements with certain institutional and accredited investors. Under the terms and conditions of the PIPE Subscription Agreements, the PIPE Investors agreed to subscribe for and purchase PIPE Stock from Kodiak. As of July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, PIPE Investors have subscribed for $60.0 million of PIPE Stock. AACT may enter into PIPE Subscription Agreements with additional PIPE Investors prior to the closing of the Business Combination. The base purchase price per share for the PIPE Stock will equal the Redemption Price, subject to adjustment such that the purchase price per share will be 90% of the Redemption Price for any PIPE Investor that subscribes for $50.0 million or more of PIPE Stock. The closing of the PIPE Investments is conditioned upon, among other things, the completion or concurrent consummation of the Business Combination. |
Q. |
Why is AACT proposing the Domestication? |
| A. | The AACT Board believes that there are significant advantages to Kodiak that will arise as a result of a change of AACT’s domicile to the State of Delaware, including: (i) the prominence, predictability and flexibility of the DGCL; (ii) Delaware’s well-established principles of corporate governance; and (iii) the increased ability for Delaware corporations to attract and retain qualified directors. Further, the AACT Board believes that any direct benefit that the DGCL provides to a corporation also indirectly benefits its stockholders, who are the owners of the corporation. Each of the foregoing are discussed in greater detail in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “ The Domestication Proposal—Reasons for the Domestication |
Q. |
How will the Domestication affect my AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, AACT Warrants and AACT Units? |
| A. | In connection with, and upon the effectiveness of, the Domestication: (i) each AACT Class A Ordinary Share issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Domestication will remain outstanding and will automatically convert, on a one-for-one one-half of one Kodiak Warrant. |
Q. |
What are the material U.S. federal income tax considerations of the Domestication? |
| A. | As discussed more fully under “ Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations Related to AACT F Reorganization PFIC Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations Related to AACT - II. U.S. Holders - A. Tax Effects of the Domestication to U.S. Holders - 5. PFIC Considerations Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations Related to AACT - II. U.S. Holders |
| • | a U.S. Holder who beneficially owns (directly, indirectly or constructively) 10% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of AACT shares entitled to vote or 10% or more of the total value of all classes of AACT shares (a “ 10% U.S. Shareholder |
| • | a U.S. Holder who, on the date of the Domestication, is not a 10% U.S. Shareholder and whose AACT Class A Ordinary Shares have a fair market value of $50,000 or more on the date of the Domestication generally will recognize gain (but not loss) with respect to its AACT Class A Ordinary Shares as if such U.S. Holder exchanged its AACT Class A Ordinary Shares for Kodiak Common Stock in a taxable transaction unless such U.S. Holder elects in accordance with applicable Treasury Regulations to include in income as a deemed dividend deemed paid by AACT the “all earnings and profits” amount attributable to such U.S. Holder’s AACT Class A Ordinary Shares; and |
| • | a U.S. Holder who, on the date of the Domestication, is not a 10% U.S. Shareholder and whose AACT Class A Ordinary Shares have a fair market value of less than $50,000 on the date of the Domestication generally will not recognize any gain or loss or include any part of the “all earnings and profits amount” in income under Section 367(b) of the Code in connection with the Domestication. |
Q. |
Do I have redemption rights? |
| A. | If you are a holder of Public Shares, you have the right to request that we redeem all or a portion of your Public Shares for cash provided that you follow the procedures and deadlines described in the Memorandum and Articles of Association and elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. Public Shareholders may elect to redeem all or a portion of the Public Shares held by them regardless of if or how they vote in respect of the Business Combination Proposal and regardless of whether they hold Public Shares on the Record Date. If you wish to exercise your redemption rights, please see the answer to the next question: “ How do I exercise my redemption rights? |
Q. |
How do I exercise my redemption rights? |
| A. | If you are a Public Shareholder and wish to exercise your right to redeem the Public Shares, you must: |
| 1. | (i) hold Public Shares; or (ii) hold Public Shares through AACT Units and elect to separate your AACT Units into the underlying Public Shares and Public Warrants prior to exercising your redemption rights with respect to the Public Shares; |
| 2. | submit a written request to Transfer Agent, including the legal name, phone number and address of the beneficial owner of the Public Shares for which redemption is requested, that Kodiak redeem all or a portion of your Public Shares for cash; and |
| 3. | deliver your share certificates for Public Shares (if any) along with the redemption forms to Transfer Agent, physically or electronically through DTC. |
Q. |
If I am a holder of Public Warrants, can I exercise redemption rights with respect to my Public Warrants? |
| A. | No. The holders of AACT Warrants have no redemption rights with respect to such securities. |
Q. |
How do the Public Warrants differ from the Private Placement Warrants, and what are the related risks for holders of Public Warrants after the Business Combination? |
| A. | The Public Warrants are identical to the Private Placement Warrants in all material terms and provisions, except that the Private Placement Warrants (including the shares of AACT Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Private Placement Warrants): (i) are not redeemable by AACT or Kodiak; (ii) may not be transferred, assigned or sold by the holders until 30 days after the Closing, subject to certain limited exceptions; (iii) may be exercised by the holders on a cashless basis; and (iv) are entitled to registration rights. |
Q. |
What are the U.S. federal income tax consequences of exercising my redemption rights? |
| A. | The U.S. federal income tax consequences of exercising your redemption rights with respect to your Public Shares depend on your particular facts and circumstances. It is possible that you may be treated as selling your shares and, as a result, recognize capital gain or capital loss. It is also possible that the Redemption may be treated as a distribution for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Whether a redemption of shares qualifies for sale treatment will depend largely on the total number of shares of Kodiak stock you are treated as owning before and after the redemption (including any shares that you constructively own as a result of owning Public Warrants and any shares that you directly or indirectly acquire pursuant to the Business Combination) relative to all of the shares of Kodiak stock outstanding both before and after the redemption. U.S. Holders exercising redemption rights will be subject to the potential tax consequences of the Domestication, including under Section 367 of the Code and potential tax consequences of the U.S. federal |
| income tax rules relating to PFICs. For a more complete discussion of the U.S. federal income tax considerations of an exercise of redemption rights, see “ Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations Related to AACT |
Q. |
What happens to the funds deposited in the Trust Account after the Closing? |
A. |
Following the closing of the IPO, $505.0 million ($10.10 per AACT Unit) of the net proceeds from the IPO and certain of the proceeds from the Private Placement Warrants and the Overfunding Loans were placed in the Trust Account. As of July 17, 2025, funds in the Trust Account totaled $560.2 million and were comprised entirely of U.S. government securities with maturities of 185 days or less or money market funds meeting certain conditions under Rule 2a-7 promulgated under the Investment Company Act. These funds will remain in the Trust Account, except for the withdrawal of interest to pay taxes, if any, until the earliest of: (i) the completion of a business combination (including the Business Combination); (ii) the redemption of all of the Public Shares if AACT is unable to complete an initial business combination within the Combination Period; and (iii) the redemption of any Public Shares properly tendered in connection with certain shareholder votes (for example, to approve certain amendments to the Memorandum and Articles of Association), in each case subject to applicable law. |
Q. |
What underwriting fees are payable in connection with the Business Combination? |
| A. | Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, dated April 20, 2023 (the “ Underwriting Agreement Citi UBS AMCM |
| fees payable upon the consummation of the Business Combination, each of which are not adjusted for redemptions: |
No Redemption Scenario (1) |
50% Redemption Scenario (1)(2) |
Maximum Redemption Scenario (1)(3) |
||||||||||
Unredeemed Public Shares |
49,359,712 |
24,679,856 |
— |
|||||||||
Trust Account cash to Kodiak |
$ |
560,172,938 |
$ |
280,086,469 |
$ |
— |
||||||
Upfront Underwriting Fee (4) |
$ |
10,000,000 |
$ |
10,000,000 |
$ |
10,000,000 |
||||||
Adjusted Deferred Underwriting Fee (5) |
$ |
8,359,410 |
$ |
8,359,410 |
$ |
8,359,410 |
||||||
Total Underwriting Fee |
$ |
18,359,410 |
$ |
18,359,410 |
$ |
18,359,410 |
||||||
Total Underwriting Fee, as percentage of Trust Account cash to Kodiak |
3.3 |
% |
6.6 |
% |
N/A |
|||||||
| (1) | Share numbers presented under each redemption scenario are presented for illustrative purposes. AACT and Legacy Kodiak cannot predict how many Public Shares will be redeemed. As a result, the Trust Account cash to Kodiak and the number of Public Shares redeemed in connection with the Business Combination may differ from the amounts presented above. Amounts are based on 49,359,712 Public Shares outstanding as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. Assumes that the PIPE Investment is completed entirely in cash. |
| (2) | This scenario assumes that 24,679,856 AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, or 50% of the Public Shares outstanding as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, are redeemed. |
| (3) | This scenario assumes that 49,359,712 AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, or 100% of the Public Shares outstanding are redeemed. |
| (4) | Includes initial IPO advisory fee of $2.0 million paid to AMCM. |
| (5) | Includes a deferred IPO advisory fee of $2.8 million payable to AMCM for acting as IPO advisor, but excludes any fees payable to Citi or J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (“ J.P. Morgan PIPE Placement Agents |
Q. |
Did the AACT Board or the Special Committee obtain a third-party valuation or fairness opinion in determining whether or not to proceed with the Business Combination? |
| A. | Yes. Although the Memorandum and Articles of Association do not require the AACT Board to seek a third-party valuation or fairness opinion in connection with a business combination unless the target is affiliated with the Sponsor or AACT’s directors or officers, on April 13, 2025, Lincoln rendered its opinion to the Special Committee that, as of such date and based upon and subject to the qualifications, limitations and assumptions stated in such opinion, the Base Purchase Price, which excluded the Earn Out Securities, to be paid by AACT in the Business Combination pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement was fair, from a financial point of view, to the Purchaser Unaffiliated Shareholders. |
Q. |
What happens if a substantial number of the Public Shareholders vote in favor of the Business Combination Proposal and exercise their redemption rights? |
| A. | Our Public Shareholders are not required to vote in respect of the Business Combination in order to exercise their redemption rights. Accordingly, the Business Combination may be consummated even though the funds available from the Trust Account and the number of Public Shareholders are reduced as a result of redemptions by Public Shareholders. |
No Redemption Scenario (1) |
50% Redemption Scenario (2) |
Maximum Redemption Scenario (3) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares |
Value per Share (4) |
Shares |
Value per Share (4) |
Shares |
Value per Share (4) |
|||||||||||||||||||
Base Scenario (5) |
286,275,398 |
$ |
11.35 |
261,595,542 |
$ |
11.35 |
236,915,686 |
$ |
11.35 |
|||||||||||||||
Earn Out Securities and Sponsor Earn Out Securities (6) |
367,525,398 |
$ |
8.84 |
342,845,542 |
$ |
8.66 |
318,165,686 |
$ |
8.45 |
|||||||||||||||
Exercising all Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants (7) |
325,575,398 |
$ |
11.37 |
300,895,542 |
$ |
11.37 |
276,215,686 |
$ |
11.37 |
|||||||||||||||
Earn Out Securities and Sponsor Earn Out Securities and exercising all Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants (8) |
406,825,398 |
$ |
9.10 |
382,145,542 |
$ |
8.95 |
357,465,686 |
$ |
8.79 |
|||||||||||||||
Post-Transaction Equity Value |
||||||||||||
No Redemption Scenario |
50% Redemption Scenario (4a) |
Maximum Redemption Scenario (4b) |
||||||||||
Base Scenario (5) |
$ |
3,249,225,767 |
$ |
2,969,109,402 |
$ |
2,688,993,036 |
||||||
Earn Out Securities and Sponsor Earn Out Securities (6) |
$ |
3,249,225,767 |
$ |
2,969,109,402 |
$ |
2,688,993,036 |
||||||
Exercising all Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants (7) |
$ |
3,701,175,767 |
$ |
3,421,059,402 |
$ |
3,140,943,036 |
||||||
Earn Out Securities and Sponsor Earn Out Securities and exercising all Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants (8) |
$ |
3,701,175,767 |
$ |
3,421,059,402 |
$ |
3,140,943,036 |
||||||
| (1) | Ownership percentage is based on 49,359,712 Public Shares outstanding as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. |
| (2) | This scenario assumes that 24,679,856 AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, or 50% of the Public Shares outstanding as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, are redeemed. |
| (3) | This scenario assumes that 49,359,712 AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, or 100% of the Public Shares outstanding are redeemed. |
| (4) | Based on a post-transaction equity value of Kodiak of the following: |
(4a) |
Based on a post-transaction equity value of Kodiak of $2,969 million, which equals (i) $3,249 million less |
(4b) |
Based on a post-transaction equity value of Kodiak of $2,689 million, which equals (i) $3,249 million less |
(5) |
Includes (i) 220,264,317 shares of Kodiak Common Stock held by Legacy Kodiak Securityholders in all redemption scenarios, (ii) (x) 49,359,712 Public Shares held by Public Shareholders in the No Redemption Scenario, (y) 24,679,856 Public Shares held by Public Shareholders in the 50% Redemption Scenario, and (z) 0 Public Shares held by Public Shareholders in the Maximum Redemption Scenario, (iii) the Sponsor’s 6,250,000 shares of Kodiak Common Stock in all redemption scenarios, (iv) 9,300,048 shares of Kodiak Common Stock held by the PIPE Investors in all redemption scenarios, and (v) 1,101,321 shares of Kodiak Common Stock to be issued at Closing to an advisor to Legacy Kodiak in a private placement in settlement of $12.5 million of fees payable to such advisor. Kodiak |
Common Stock held by Legacy Kodiak Securityholders includes: (a) 56,562,426 shares of Kodiak Common Stock underlying options held by Legacy Kodiak Securityholders that will automatically convert , on a one-for-one basis, into Exchanged Kodiak Options at Closing; (b) 30,331,223 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of all SAFEs and 3,353,248 shares issuable upon conversion of all Second Lien Loans, (excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan), into shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock immediately prior to the Closing; and (c) 2,104,844 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable in respect of Legacy Kodiak Warrants that are expected to vest and be net exercised immediately prior to the Closing. Second Lien Loans convert at a price based on the Second Lien Conversion Price and the amount converted included all accrued and unpaid interest at the time of conversion. Excludes (i) 1,135,843 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Exchanged SAFE Loan; (ii) 75,000,000 Earn Out Securities that Legacy Kodiak Securityholders will be eligible to receive upon achievement of certain milestones during the Earn Out Period and, in the case of the Earn Out RSUs, satisfaction of certain service based vesting requirements and (iii) 6,250,000 Sponsor Earn Out Securities that are subject to vesting upon the occurrence of Triggering Event I during the Earn Out Period. |
| (6) | Represents the Base Scenario plus: (i) the vesting or issuance of all 75,000,000 Earn Out Securities upon the occurrence of the applicable triggering events during the Earn Out Period; and (ii) the vesting of the 6,250,000 Sponsor Earn Out Securities upon the occurrence of Triggering Event I during the Earn Out Period. |
| (7) | Represents the Base Scenario plus the cash exercise of 25,000,000 Public Warrants and 14,300,000 Private Placement Warrants at an exercise price of $11.50 per warrant. |
| (8) | Represents the Base Scenario plus: (i) the vesting or issuance of all 75,000,000 Earn Out Securities; (ii) the vesting of the 6,250,000 Sponsor Earn Out Securities; and (iii) the cash exercise of 25,000,000 Public Warrants and 14,300,000 Private Placement Warrants at an exercise price of $11.50 per warrant. |
Q. |
What conditions must be satisfied to complete the Business Combination? |
A. |
The consummation of the Business Combination Agreement is conditioned upon the satisfaction or written waiver (where permissible) by the parties to the Business Combination Agreement of certain customary closing conditions. These conditions include: (i) the approval of the Condition Precedent Proposals by the requisite AACT shareholders; (ii) the requisite approval of Legacy Kodiak’s stockholders for the Business Combination; (iii) the completion of the Domestication; (iv) the truth and accuracy of representations and warranties made by each of AACT, Merger Sub, and Legacy Kodiak and the performance by each of AACT, Merger Sub and Legacy Kodiak of their respective obligations and covenants under the Business Combination Agreement, in each case, to customary materiality standards; (v) the absence of any AACT Material Adverse Effect or Legacy Kodiak Material Adverse Effect that is continuing; (vi) any applicable waiting period or any extension of any application waiting period under the HSR Act in respect of the Business Combination being expired or earlier terminated without the imposition of burdensome conditions; (vii) the Registration Statement becoming and remaining effective with the SEC; (viii) conditional approval of the Kodiak Common Stock by the Stock Exchange selected by the parties, subject to satisfaction of the round lot holders requirement for initial listing; and (ix) the delivery of customary certificates, instruments, contracts and other documents specified to be delivered by the respective parties under the Business Combination Agreement. For more information, see “ The Business Combination Proposal—Business Combination Agreement—Closing Conditions |
Q. |
When do you expect the Business Combination to be completed? |
| A. | It is currently expected that the Business Combination will be consummated in the second half of 2025. This date depends, among other things, on the approval of the proposals to be put to AACT shareholders at the Extraordinary General Meeting. However, such meeting could be adjourned if the Adjournment Proposal is adopted by AACT’s shareholders at the Extraordinary General Meeting and AACT elects to adjourn the Extraordinary General Meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary, to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies in the event that there are insufficient votes for the approval of one or more proposals at the Extraordinary General Meeting. For a description of the conditions for the completion of the Business Combination, see “ The Business Combination Proposal—Business Combination Agreement |
Q. |
What happens if the Business Combination is not consummated? |
| A. | AACT will not complete the Domestication unless all other conditions to the Closing have been satisfied or waived by the parties in accordance with the terms of the Business Combination Agreement. If AACT is not |
| able to complete the Business Combination within the Combination Period, AACT will as promptly as reasonably possible, but not more than ten business days following the end of the Combination Period, redeem the Public Shares. The redemption will be at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (net of taxes paid or payable, if any and up to $100,000 of interest to pay liquidation expenses), divided by the number of then issued Public Shares. The redemption will completely extinguish Public Shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidating distributions, if any), subject to AACT’s obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and other requirements of applicable law. |
Q. |
Following the Business Combination, will AACT’s securities continue to trade on a Stock Exchange? |
| A. | Yes. AACT intends to apply to list the Kodiak Common Stock and Kodiak Warrants on a Stock Exchange under the proposed symbols “KDK” and “KDK WS,” respectively, upon the Closing. Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, AACT is required to cause the Kodiak Common Stock issued in the Domestication to be approved for listing on a Stock Exchange. There can be no assurance that such listing condition will be met. If the listing condition is not met, the Business Combination will not be consummated unless the listing condition is waived by the parties to the Business Combination Agreement. We may not have received confirmation from a Stock Exchange of the approval of the listing of the Kodiak Common Stock and Kodiak Warrants at the time of the Extraordinary General Meeting or prior to the Closing. The listing condition to the Closing may be waived by the parties to the Business Combination Agreement. As a result, you may be asked to vote to approve the Business Combination and the other proposals included in this proxy statement/prospectus without such confirmation. Further, such confirmation may never be received, and the Business Combination could still be consummated if such condition is waived. In such event, the Kodiak securities may not be listed on any Stock Exchange. |
Q. |
Do I have appraisal rights in connection with the Business Combination? |
| A. | AACT’s shareholders and warrant holders do not have appraisal rights in connection with the Business Combination or the Domestication under the Companies Act or under the DGCL. |
Q. |
What do I need to do now? |
| A. | AACT urges you to read this proxy statement/prospectus, including the Annexes and the documents referred to in this proxy statement/prospectus, carefully and in their entirety and to consider how the Business Combination will affect you as a shareholder or warrant holder. AACT’s shareholders should then vote as soon as possible in accordance with the instructions provided in this proxy statement/prospectus and on the enclosed proxy card. |
Q. |
How do I vote? |
| A. | If you are a holder of record of AACT Ordinary Shares on the Record Date for the Extraordinary General Meeting, you may vote in person or virtually at the Extraordinary General Meeting or by submitting a proxy for the Extraordinary General Meeting. You may submit your proxy by completing, signing, dating and returning the enclosed proxy card in the accompanying pre-addressed postage-paid envelope. If you hold |
your shares in “street name,” which means your shares are held of record by a broker, bank or nominee, you should contact your broker, bank or nominee to ensure that votes related to the shares you beneficially own are properly counted. In this regard, you must provide the broker, bank or nominee with instructions on how to vote your shares or, if you wish to attend the Extraordinary General Meeting and vote in person or virtually, obtain a valid proxy from your broker, bank or nominee. |
Q. |
If my shares are held in “street name,” will my broker, bank or nominee automatically vote my shares for me? |
| A. | If your shares are held in “street name” in a stock brokerage account or by a broker, bank or other nominee, you must provide the record holder of your shares with instructions on how to vote your shares. Please follow the voting instructions provided by your broker, bank or other nominee. Please note that you may not vote shares held in “street name” by returning a proxy card directly to AACT or by voting online at the Extraordinary General Meeting unless you provide a “legal proxy,” which you must obtain from your broker, bank or other nominee. |
Q. |
When and where will the Extraordinary General Meeting be held? |
| A. | The Extraordinary General Meeting will be held on , 2025 at , Eastern Time. For the purposes of the Memorandum and Articles of Association, the physical place of the meeting will be at Kirkland & Ellis LLP, 601 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10022. However, in order to facilitate access for AACT’s shareholders, the Extraordinary General Meeting will be held in virtual meeting format at https://www.cstproxy.com/aresacquisitioncorporationii/egm2025. There is no requirement to attend the Extraordinary General Meeting in person. |
Q. |
Who is entitled to vote at the Extraordinary General Meeting? |
| A. | AACT has fixed , 2025 as the Record Date for the Extraordinary General Meeting. If you were a holder of Public Shares at the close of business on the Record Date, you are entitled to vote on matters that come before the Extraordinary General Meeting. However, a shareholder may only vote such shareholder’s shares if such shareholder is present in person or virtually or is represented by proxy at the Extraordinary General Meeting. |
Q. |
How many votes do I have? |
| A. | AACT shareholders are entitled to one vote at the Extraordinary General Meeting for each AACT Ordinary Share held of record as of the Record Date. As of the close of business on the Record Date for the Extraordinary General Meeting, there were AACT Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding, of which were issued and outstanding Public Shares. |
Q. |
What constitutes a quorum? |
| A. | A quorum of AACT shareholders is necessary to hold a valid meeting. The presence (which would include presence at the virtual Extraordinary General Meeting), in person, virtually or by proxy, of shareholders holding a majority of the AACT Ordinary Shares entitled to vote at the Extraordinary General Meeting constitutes a quorum at the Extraordinary General Meeting. Abstentions will be considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum. The Sponsor owns % of the issued and outstanding AACT Ordinary Shares as of the Record Date, which will count towards this quorum. As a result, as of the Record Date, in addition to the shares of the Sponsor, an additional Public Shares would be required to be present at the Extraordinary General Meeting to achieve a quorum. In the absence of a quorum, the chairman of the Extraordinary General Meeting has power to adjourn the Extraordinary General Meeting. |
Q. |
What vote is required to approve each proposal at the Extraordinary General Meeting? |
| A. | Business Combination Proposal |
Q. |
What are the recommendations of the AACT Board? |
| A. | The AACT Board and the Special Committee believe that the Business Combination Proposal and the other proposals to be presented at the Extraordinary General Meeting are in the best interest of AACT. Accordingly, the AACT Board and the Special Committee unanimously recommend that AACT’s shareholders vote “FOR” the approval of the Business Combination Proposal, “FOR” the approval of the Domestication Proposal, “FOR” the approval of the Stock Issuance Proposal, “FOR” the approval of the Organizational Documents Proposal, “FOR” the approval, on an advisory basis, of each of the separate Advisory Organizational Documents Proposals, “FOR” the approval of the Incentive Plan Proposal, “FOR” the approval of the Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal, “FOR” the approval of the Director Election Proposal and “FOR” the approval of the Adjournment Proposal, in each case, if presented to the Extraordinary General Meeting. |
Q. |
How do the Sponsor and its affiliates intend to vote their AACT Ordinary Shares? |
| A. | The Sponsor has agreed, and AACT’s officers and directors intend, to vote the AACT Ordinary Shares owned by them in favor of the Shareholder Proposals. Further, pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Sponsor agreed to vote its shares in favor of each Transaction Proposal being presented at the Extraordinary General Meeting. If at any time prior to the termination of the Business Combination Agreement, the AACT Board or the Special Committee effects a Modification in Recommendation (as defined in this in this proxy statement/prospectus), then the obligations to vote or consent in accordance with the foregoing clause shall automatically be deemed to be modified such that the Sponsor will vote with respect to its AACT Class A Ordinary Shares in the same proportion to the votes cast by the Public Shareholders. As of the Record Date, the Sponsor owns % of the issued and outstanding |
| AACT Ordinary Shares. AACT’s officers and directors do not hold any Public Shares, but may purchase Public Shares at any time, subject to compliance with law and AACT’s trading policies. |
Q. |
What happens if I sell my AACT Ordinary Shares before the Extraordinary General Meeting? |
| A. | The Record Date for the Extraordinary General Meeting is earlier than the date of the Extraordinary General Meeting and earlier than the date that the Business Combination is expected to be completed. If you transfer your Public Shares after the applicable Record Date, but before the Extraordinary General Meeting, unless you grant a proxy to the transferee, you will retain your right to vote at the Extraordinary General Meeting but the transferee, and not you, will have the right to redeem such shares. |
Q. |
How can I vote my shares without attending the Extraordinary General Meeting? |
| A. | If you are a shareholder of record of AACT Ordinary Shares as of the close of business on the Record Date, you can vote by proxy by mail by following the instructions provided in the enclosed proxy card or at the Extraordinary General Meeting. If you are a beneficial owner of AACT Ordinary Shares, you may vote by submitting voting instructions to your broker, bank or nominee, or otherwise by following instructions provided by your broker, bank or nominee. Telephone and internet voting will be available to beneficial owners. Please refer to the vote instruction form provided by your broker, bank or nominee. |
Q. |
May I change my vote after I have mailed my signed proxy card? |
| A. | Yes. Shareholders may send a later-dated, signed proxy card to AACT at AACT’s address set forth below so that it is received by AACT prior to the vote at the Extraordinary General Meeting (which is scheduled to take place on , 2025) or attend the Extraordinary General Meeting in person or virtually and vote. Shareholders also may revoke their proxy by sending a notice of revocation to AACT, which must be received by AACT’s prior to the vote at the Extraordinary General Meeting. However, if your shares are held in “street name” by your broker, bank or another nominee, you must contact your broker, bank or other nominee to change your vote. |
Q. |
What happens if I fail to take any action with respect to the Extraordinary General Meeting? |
| A. | If you fail to take any action with respect to the Extraordinary General Meeting and the Business Combination is approved by shareholders and the Business Combination is consummated, you will become a stockholder and warrant holder of Kodiak. If you fail to take any action with respect to the Extraordinary General Meeting and the Business Combination is not approved, you will remain a shareholder and warrant holder of AACT. However, if you fail to vote with respect to the Extraordinary General Meeting but the Business Combination is consummated, you will nonetheless be able to elect to redeem your Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination, so long as you take the required steps to elect to redeem your shares at least two business days prior to the initially scheduled date of the Extraordinary General Meeting. |
Q. |
What happens if I vote against the Business Combination Proposal? |
| A. | If you vote against the Business Combination Proposal but the Business Combination Proposal still receives the requisite shareholder approval, then assuming the approval of each of the Condition Precedent Proposals and the satisfaction or waiver of the other conditions to the Closing, the Business Combination will be consummated in accordance with the terms of the Business Combination Agreement. |
Q. |
What should I do with my share certificates, warrant certificates or unit certificates? |
| A. | Our shareholders who exercise their redemption rights must deliver (either physically or electronically) their share certificates (if any) along with the redemption forms to the Transfer Agent, prior to the Extraordinary General Meeting. |
Q. |
What should I do if I receive more than one set of voting materials? |
| A. | Shareholders may receive more than one set of voting materials, including multiple copies of this proxy statement/prospectus and multiple proxy cards or voting instruction cards. For example, if you hold your shares in more than one brokerage account, you will receive a separate voting instruction card for each brokerage account in which you hold shares. If you are a holder of record and your shares are registered in more than one name, you will receive more than one proxy card. Please complete, sign, date and return each proxy card and voting instruction card that you receive in order to cast a vote with respect to all of your AACT Ordinary Shares. |
Q. |
Who will solicit and pay the cost of soliciting proxies for the Extraordinary General Meeting? |
| A. | AACT will pay the cost of soliciting proxies for the Extraordinary General Meeting. AACT has engaged Sodali to assist in the solicitation of proxies for the Extraordinary General Meeting. AACT has agreed to pay Sodali a fee of $30,000, plus disbursements. AACT will also reimburse banks, brokers and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries representing beneficial owners of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares for their expenses in forwarding soliciting materials to beneficial owners of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and in obtaining voting instructions from those owners. AACT’s directors and officers may also solicit proxies by telephone, by facsimile, by mail, on the Internet or in person. They will not be paid any additional amounts for soliciting proxies. |
Q. |
Where can I find the voting results of the Extraordinary General Meeting? |
| A. | The preliminary voting results are expected to be announced at the Extraordinary General Meeting. AACT will publish final voting results of the Extraordinary General Meeting in a Current Report on Form 8-K within four business days after the Extraordinary General Meeting. |
Q. |
Who can help answer my questions? |
| A. | If you have questions about the Business Combination or if you need additional copies of the proxy statement/prospectus or the enclosed proxy card, you should contact: |
• |
1,980,000,000 shares of Kodiak Common Stock, par value $0.0001, having one vote per share; and |
• |
20,000,000 shares of Kodiak Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001, with such voting and other rights as may be designated by the Kodiak Board. |



(1) |
Kodiak will also have Earn Out Securities, Sponsor Earn Out Securities and Kodiak Warrants outstanding, which are not shown in the graph. Graph assumes completion of the contemplated $100 million PIPE Investment. Assumes a Redemption Price of $11.35, which was the approximate Redemption Price as of July 17, 2025. |
(2) |
Includes (i) 56,562,426 shares of Kodiak Common Stock underlying Legacy Kodiak Options, which will automatically convert, on a one-for-one basis, into Exchanged Kodiak Options at Closing; (ii) 30,331,223 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of all SAFEs and 3,353,248 shares issuable upon conversion of all Second Lien Loans, (excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan) into shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock immediately prior to the Closing; and (iii) 2,104,844 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable in respect of Legacy Kodiak Warrants that are expected to vest and be net exercised immediately prior to the Closing. Second Lien Loans convert at a price based on the Second Lien Conversion Price and the amount converted includes all accrued and unpaid interest at the time of conversion. Excludes (i) 1,135,843 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Exchanged SAFE Loan and (ii) 75,000,000 Earn Out Securities that Legacy Kodiak Securityholders will be eligible to receive upon achievement of certain milestones during the Earn Out Period and, in the case of the Earn Out RSUs, satisfaction of certain service-based vesting requirements. |
| (3) | Represents shares of Kodiak Common Stock to be issued at Closing to an advisor to Legacy Kodiak in a private placement in settlement of $12.5 million of fees payable to such adviser. |
| (4) | Represents voting and economic interests in Kodiak in a scenario in which no Public Shares are redeemed by Public Shareholders in connection with the Business Combination (i.e., the No Redemption Scenario). |
| (5) | Represents voting and economic interests in Kodiak in a scenario in which 24,679,856 Public Shares are redeemed by Public Shareholders in connection with the Business Combination (i.e., the 50% Redemption Scenario). |
| (6) | Represents voting and economic interests in Kodiak in a scenario in which 49,359,712 Public Shares are redeemed by Public Shareholders in connection with the Business Combination (i.e., the Maximum Redemption Scenario). |
No Redemption Scenario (1) |
50% Redemption Scenario (1) |
Maximum Redemption Scenario (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock |
Ownership %* |
Common Stock |
Ownership %* |
Common Stock |
Ownership %* |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Public Shareholders |
49,359,712 |
17.2 |
% |
24,679,856 |
9.4 |
% |
— |
— |
% | |||||||||||||||
| Sponsor (2) |
6,250,000 |
2.2 |
% |
6,250,000 |
2.4 |
% |
6,250,000 |
2.6 |
% | |||||||||||||||
| Legacy Kodiak Securityholders (3) |
220,264,317 |
76.9 |
% |
220,264,317 |
84.2 |
% |
220,264,317 |
93.0 |
% | |||||||||||||||
| PIPE Investors (4) |
9,300,048 |
3.3 |
% |
9,300,048 |
3.6 |
% |
9,300,048 |
3.9 |
% | |||||||||||||||
| Legacy Kodiak Advisor (5) |
1,101,321 |
0.4 |
% |
1,101,321 |
0.4 |
% |
1,101,321 |
0.5 |
% | |||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Total shares of Kodiak Common Stock outstanding at Closing |
286,275,398 |
100.0 |
% |
261,595,542 |
100.0 |
% |
236,915,686 |
100.0 |
% | |||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
No Redemption Scenario (1) |
50% Redemption Scenario (1) |
Maximum Redemption Scenario (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Stock |
Ownership %* |
Common Stock |
Ownership %* |
Common Stock |
Ownership %* |
|||||||||||||||||||
| Public Shareholders |
11.9 |
% |
24,679,856 |
6.4 |
% |
— |
— |
% | ||||||||||||||||
| Public Warrant Holders (6) |
6.1 |
% |
25,000,000 |
6. 4 |
% |
6.9 |
% | |||||||||||||||||
| Sponsor (2) |
1.5 |
% |
6,250,000 |
1.6 |
% |
1.7 |
% | |||||||||||||||||
| Private Placement Warrant Holder (6) |
3.5 |
% |
14,300,000 |
3.7 |
% |
3.9 |
% | |||||||||||||||||
| Legacy Kodiak Securityholders (3) |
5 3 .3 |
% |
220,264,317 |
5 6 .7 |
% |
60.6 |
% | |||||||||||||||||
| Sponsor Earn Out Securities (7) |
1.5 |
% |
6,250,000 |
1.6 |
% |
1.7 |
% | |||||||||||||||||
| Earn Out Securities (8) |
18. 2 |
% |
75,000,000 |
19. 3 |
% |
20.6 |
% | |||||||||||||||||
| Working Capital Loan Warrants (6)(9) |
0.3 |
% |
1,232,707 |
0.3 |
% |
0.3 |
% | |||||||||||||||||
| Overfunding Loan Warrants (6)(10) |
1.2 |
% |
5,000,000 |
1.3 |
% |
1.4 |
% | |||||||||||||||||
| PIPE Investors (4) |
2.3 |
% |
9,300,048 |
2.4 |
% |
2.6 |
% | |||||||||||||||||
| Legacy Kodiak Advisor (5) |
0.3 |
% |
1,101,321 |
0.3 |
% |
0.3 |
% | |||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| Fully-Diluted Shares |
100.0 |
% |
388,378,249 |
100.0 |
% |
100.0 |
% | |||||||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
| * | Amounts may not sum to 100% due to rounding. |
(1) |
Share ownership presented under each redemption scenario is presented for illustrative purposes. AACT and Legacy Kodiak cannot predict how many Public Shares will be redeemed. As a result, the redemption amount and the number of Public Shares redeemed in connection with the Business Combination may differ from the amounts presented above. The ownership percentages of current AACT shareholders may also differ from the presentation above if the actual redemptions are different from these assumptions. See “ Risk Factors—Risks Related to AACT—The ability of our Public Shareholders to exercise redemption rights with respect to a portion of our Public Shares could increase the probability that the Business Combination will be unsuccessful and that you would have to wait for liquidation for your Public Shares to be redeemed |
| (2) | Excludes 50% or 6,250,000 of the Sponsor’s 12,500,000 Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, which are Sponsor Earn Out Securities subject to vesting upon the occurrence of Triggering Event I during the Earn Out Period. |
(3) |
Includes (i) 56,562,426 shares of Kodiak Common Stock underlying Legacy Kodiak Options, which will automatically convert, on a one-for-one basis, into Exchanged Kodiak Options at Closing; (ii) 30,331,223 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of all SAFEs and 3,353,248 shares issuable upon conversion of all Second Lien Loans (excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan), into shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock immediately prior to the Closing; and (iii) 2,104,844 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issued in respect of Legacy Kodiak Warrants that are expected to vest and be net exercised immediately prior to the Closing. Second Lien Loans convert at a price based on the Second Lien Conversion Price and the amount converted includes all accrued and unpaid interest at the time of conversion. Excludes (i) 1,135,843 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Exchanged SAFE Loan and (ii) 75,000,000 Earn Out Securities that Legacy Kodiak Securityholders will be eligible to receive upon achievement of certain milestones during the Earn Out Period and, in the case of the Earn Out RSUs, satisfaction of certain service-based vesting requirements. |
(4) |
Assumes (i) completion of the contemplated $100.0 million PIPE Investment; and (ii) that 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at the Redemption Price and 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at 90% of the Redemption Price. As of July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, PIPE Investors have subscribed for $60.0 million of PIPE Stock. |
| (5) | Represents shares of Kodiak Common Stock to be issued at Closing to an advisor to Legacy Kodiak in a private placement in settlement of $12.5 million of fees payable to such adviser. |
| (6) | Represents shares issuable upon the exercise of Kodiak Warrants. Kodiak Warrants will be exercisable beginning 30 days following the Closing for one share of Kodiak Common Stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share in accordance with the terms of the warrants. Each redemption scenario assumes that all outstanding warrants are exercised for cash. |
| (7) | Represents 6,250,000 shares of Kodiak Common Stock which are Sponsor Earn Out Securities subject to vesting upon the occurrence of Triggering Event I during the Earn Out Period. |
| (8) | Represents an aggregate of 75,000,000 Earn Out Securities that Legacy Kodiak Securityholders will be eligible to receive upon achievement of certain milestones during the Earn Out Period and, in the case of the Earn Out RSUs, satisfaction of certain service-based vesting requirements. 25,000,000 Earn Out Securities will vest or be issued upon the occurrence of Triggering Event I, 25,000,000 Earn Out Securities will vest or be issued upon the occurrence of Triggering Event II and 25,000,000 Earn Out Securities will vest or be issued upon the occurrence of Triggering Event III. |
(9) |
Assumes that the Working Capital Loans are converted into Kodiak Warrants. The Working Capital Loans will, in the Sponsor’s discretion, either be repaid upon the Closing or converted into Kodiak Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant (or any combination of repayment or conversion). Any such warrants will be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. |
(10) |
Assumes that the Overfunding Loans are converted into Kodiak Warrants. The Overfunding Loans will, in the Sponsor’s discretion, either be repaid upon the Closing or converted into Kodiak Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant (or any combination of repayment or conversion). Any such warrants will be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. |
No Redemption Scenario (1) |
50% Redemption Scenario (2) |
Maximum Redemption Scenario (3) |
||||||||||
| IPO offering price per share |
$ |
$ |
10.00 |
$ |
||||||||
| Net Tangible Book Value as of March 31, 2025, as adjusted (4) |
$ |
$ |
349,177,869 |
$ |
||||||||
| As adjusted shares (5) |
40,229,904 |
|||||||||||
| Net tangible book value per share |
$ |
$ |
8.68 |
$ |
||||||||
| Dilution per share to Public Shareholders |
$ |
$ |
1.32 |
$ |
||||||||
(1) |
Includes 49,359,712 shares of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and assumes that no additional Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to such AACT Class A Ordinary Shares. |
(2) |
Includes 24,679,856 shares of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and assumes Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to 50% of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares for an aggregate of approximately $280.1 million (based on a Redemption Price of $11.35, which was the approximate Redemption Price as of July 17, 2025) from the Trust Account. |
(3) |
Assumes Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to all AACT Class A Ordinary Shares for an aggregate of approximately $560.2 million (based on a Redemption Price of $11.35, which was the approximate Redemption Price as of July 17, 2025) from the Trust Account. |
(4) |
See table below for reconciliation of net tangible book value, as adjusted. |
(5) |
See table below for reconciliation of as adjusted shares. |
No Redemption Scenario (1) |
50% Redemption Scenario (2) |
Maximum Redemption Scenario (3) |
||||||||||
| Numerator adjustments |
||||||||||||
| AACT’s net tangible book value |
$ |
$ |
$ |
|||||||||
| Anticipated transaction expenses to be incurred by AACT (4) |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) | |||
| Anticipated PIPE Investment proceeds (4) |
$ |
$ |
$ |
|||||||||
| Reduction in Trust Account due to April 2025 redemptions |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) | |||
| Contributions to AACT Trust Account |
$ |
$ |
$ |
|||||||||
| Incremental accrued interest on Trust Account |
$ |
$ |
$ |
|||||||||
| Redemptions from Trust Account |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) | ||||||
| Reduction in deferred underwriting fee liability |
$ |
$ |
$ |
|||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Net Tangible Book Value as of March 31, 2025, as adjusted |
$ |
$ |
$ |
|||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| Denominator adjustments |
||||||||||||
| AACT Public Shareholders |
||||||||||||
| AACT Sponsor |
||||||||||||
| PIPE Investors |
||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
| As adjusted AACT Shares outstanding |
||||||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
(1) |
Includes 49,359,712 shares of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and assumes that no additional Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to such AACT Class A Ordinary Shares. |
(2) |
Includes 24,679,856 shares of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and assumes Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to 50% of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares for an aggregate of approximately $280.1 million (based on a Redemption Price of $11.35, which was the approximate Redemption Price as of July 17, 2025) from the Trust Account. |
(3) |
Assumes Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to all AACT Class A Ordinary Shares for an aggregate of approximately $560.2 million (based on a Redemption Price of $11.35, which was the approximate Redemption Price as of July 17, 2025) from the Trust Account. |
(4) |
Assumes (i) completion of the contemplated $100.0 million PIPE Investment; and (ii) that 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at the Redemption Price and 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at 90% of the Redemption Price. As of July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, PIPE Investors have subscribed for $60.0 million of PIPE Stock. |
No Redemption Scenario (1) |
50% Redemption Scenario (2) |
Maximum Redemption Scenario (3) |
||||||||||
| Valuation of shares held by Public Shareholders based on the IPO Price |
$ |
493,597,120 |
$ |
246,798,560 |
— |
|||||||
| Public Shares outstanding post Business Combination |
49,359,712 |
24,679,856 |
— |
|||||||||
| Valuation of shares held by Sponsor based on the IPO Price |
$ |
62,500,000 |
$ |
62,500,000 |
$ |
62,500,000 |
||||||
| Sponsor shares outstanding post Business Combination (4) |
6,250,000 |
6,250,000 |
6,250,000 |
|||||||||
| Valuation of shares held by Legacy Kodiak Securityholders based on the IPO Price |
$ |
2,202,643,170 |
$ |
2,202,643,170 |
$ |
2,202,643,170 |
||||||
| Legacy Kodiak Securityholders shares outstanding post Business Combination (5) |
220,264,317 |
220,264,317 |
220,264,317 |
|||||||||
| Valuation of shares held by PIPE Investors based on the IPO Price |
$ |
93,000,480 |
$ |
93,000,480 |
$ |
93,000,480 |
||||||
| PIPE Investor shares outstanding post Business Combination (6) |
9,300,048 |
9,300,048 |
9,300,048 |
|||||||||
| Valuation of shares held by Legacy Kodiak Advisor based on the IPO Price |
$ |
11,013,210 |
$ |
11,013,210 |
$ |
11,013,210 |
||||||
| Legacy Kodiak Advisor shares outstanding post Business Combination (7) |
1,101,321 |
1,101,321 |
1,101,321 |
|||||||||
| Total valuation based on the IPO Price |
$ |
2,862,753,980 |
$ |
2,615,955,420 |
$ |
2,369,156,860 |
||||||
| Total shares outstanding post Business Combination |
286,275,398 |
261,595,542 |
236,915,686 |
|||||||||
(1) |
Includes 49,359,712 shares of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and assumes that no additional Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to such AACT Class A Ordinary Shares. |
(2) |
Includes 24,679,856 shares of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and assumes Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to 50% of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares for an aggregate of approximately $280.1 million (based on a Redemption Price of $11.35, which was the approximate Redemption Price as of July 17, 2025) from the Trust Account. |
(3) |
Assumes Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to all AACT Class A Ordinary Shares for an aggregate of approximately $560.2 million (based on a Redemption Price of $11.35, which was the approximate Redemption Price as of July 17, 2025) from the Trust Account. |
(4) |
Excludes 50% or 6,250,000 of the Sponsor’s 12,500,000 Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, which are Sponsor Earn Out Securities subject to vesting upon the occurrence of Triggering Event I during the Earn Out Period. |
(5) |
Includes (i) 56,562,426 shares of Kodiak Common Stock underlying Legacy Kodiak Options, which will automatically convert, on a one-for-one basis, into Exchanged Kodiak Options at Closing; (ii) 30,331,223 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of all SAFEs and 3,353,248 shares issuable upon conversion of all Second Lien Loans (excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan) into shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock immediately prior to the Closing; and (iii) 2,104,844 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issued in respect of Legacy Kodiak Warrants that are expected to vest and be net exercised immediately prior to the Closing. Second Lien Loans convert at a price based on the Second Lien Conversion Price and the amount converted includes all accrued and unpaid interest at the time of conversion. Excludes (i) 1,135,843 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Exchanged SAFE Loan and (ii) 75,000,000 Earn Out Securities that Legacy Kodiak Securityholders will be eligible to receive upon achievement of certain milestones during the Earn Out Period and, in the case of the Earn Out RSUs, satisfaction of certain service-based vesting requirements. |
(6) |
Assumes (i) completion of the contemplated $100.0 million PIPE Investment; and (ii) that 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at the Redemption Price and 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at 90% of the Redemption Price. As of July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, PIPE Investors have subscribed for $60.0 million of PIPE Stock. |
(7) |
Represents shares of Kodiak Common Stock to be issued at Closing to an advisor to Legacy Kodiak in a private placement in satisfaction of $12.5 million of fees payable to such advisor. |
| • | Size of the Total Addressable Market |
| • | Differentiated Technology Platform AI-driven software and modular hardware platform creates a single autonomous driver capable of working across a variety of deployments. |
| • | Compelling Industry Tailwinds |
• |
Contract with Atlas Atlas Atlas -owned trucks. |
| • | Attractive Valuation The Business Combination Proposal—Summary of Lincoln’s Financial Analysis. |
• |
Industry-leading Management Team |
• |
Fairness Opinion of the Financial Advisor to the Special Committee |
• |
Modification in Recommendation The Business Combination Proposal Modification in Recommendation |
• |
Lockup 12-month lockup in respect of the Kodiak Common Stock and other Kodiak securities issued to them as consideration in the business combination, which will provide important stability to the combined company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the closing price of Kodiak Common Stock equals or exceeds $12.00 for 20 of 30 consecutive trading days commencing at least 150 days after Closing, then the transfer restrictions applicable to the Lockup Shares will expire. |
• |
Due Diligence |
• |
Other Alternatives |
• |
Shareholder Approval |
• |
Negotiated Transaction |
| • | Special Committee Recommendation |
| • | Limited Commercialization of Legacy Kodiak’s Solution and Related Business Risks non-autonomous vehicles and vehicle operation; (iv) macroeconomic and geopolitical risks, including on supply chains of Legacy Kodiak’s suppliers that depend on components sourced from overseas markets, such as tariffs; and (v) risks associated with flaws or misuse of AV technology, whether by Legacy Kodiak or third parties, and the adverse effects on Legacy Kodiak’s business that may result from such events. |
• |
Absence of Discounted Cash Flow Analysis or Multiples-Based Analysis |
• |
Intellectual Property Risks |
• |
Benefits May Not Be Achieved |
• |
Redemption Risk |
• |
Closing Conditions |
• |
Listing Risks |
• |
Litigation |
• |
Fees and Expenses |
• |
Other Risks Risk Factors |
• |
Business Combination Proposal |
• |
Domestication Proposal |
• |
Stock Issuance Proposal |
• |
Organizational Documents Proposal—The approval of the Organizational Documents Proposal requires a special resolution under the Companies Act and the Memorandum and Articles of Association, being the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of the AACT Ordinary Shares who, being present in person, virtually or by proxy and entitled to vote at the Extraordinary General Meeting, vote in favor of the Organizational Documents Proposal at the Extraordinary General Meeting. |
• |
Advisory Organizational Documents Proposals |
• |
Incentive Plan Proposal |
• |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal |
• |
Director Election Proposal |
• |
Adjournment Proposal |
(i) |
(A) hold Public Shares; or (B) hold Public Shares through AACT Units and elect to separate your AACT Units into the underlying Public Shares and Public Warrants prior to exercising your redemption rights with respect to the Public Shares; |
(ii) |
submit a written request to the Transfer Agent, including the legal name, phone number and address of the beneficial owner of the Public Shares for which redemption is requested, that Kodiak redeem all or a portion of your Public Shares for cash; and |
(iii) |
deliver your share certificates for Public Shares (if any) along with the redemption forms to the Transfer Agent, physically or electronically through DTC. |
• |
The Sponsor (including certain of AACT’s officers and directors who are members of the Sponsor) has invested in AACT an aggregate of $14,325,000, consisting of the $25,000 purchase price for 12,500,000 AACT Class B Ordinary Shares and the $14.3 million purchase price for 14,300,000 Private Placement Warrants. Some of AACT’s officers and directors have an indirect economic interest in such shares. In connection with the Extension, the Sponsor converted all of its AACT Class B Ordinary Shares into Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares. Assuming a trading price of $11.38 per AACT Class A Ordinary Share and $1.45 per Public Warrant (based upon the respective closing prices of the AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and the Public Warrants on the NYSE on July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus), the 12,500,000 Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and 14,300,000 Private Placement Warrants, in each case if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have an implied aggregate market value of $163.0 million. However, given such shares of Kodiak Common Stock will be subject to lockup restrictions, we believe such shares have less value. Even if the trading price of the Public Shares were as low as $1.15 per share, the aggregate market value of the Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares alone (without taking into account the value of the Private Placement Warrants) would be approximately equal to the initial investment in AACT by the Sponsor. As a result, if the Business |
Combination is completed, the Sponsor is likely to be able to make a substantial profit on its investment in AACT at a time when the AACT Class A Ordinary Shares have lost significant value. On the other hand, if the Business Combination is not approved and AACT is unable to complete another business combination within the Combination Period, the Sponsor may lose its entire investment in AACT. |
• |
The Sponsor purchased 14,300,000 Private Placement Warrants for $14.3 million, or $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, in a private placement that closed simultaneously with the IPO. Certain of AACT’s officers and directors have an indirect economic interest in such Private Placement Warrants. If the Business Combination Proposal is not approved and AACT does not consummate a business combination within the Combination Period, then the proceeds from the sale of the Private Placement Warrants will be part of the liquidating distribution to the public shareholders and the warrants held by the Sponsor may be worthless. |
• |
The Sponsor may lose its entire investment in AACT if the Business Combination Proposal is not approved and AACT does not complete another business combination by January 26, 2026, or such earlier date as the AACT Board may approve or such later date as the shareholders may approve in accordance with the Memorandum and Articles of Association. If AACT is unable to complete an initial business combination within the Combination Period, AACT will as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the Public Shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (net of taxes paid or payable, if any and up to $100,000 of interest to pay liquidation expenses), divided by the number of the then-outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish Public Shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidation distributions, if any), subject to our obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and other requirements of applicable law. In such event, the 12,500,000 Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares purchased by the Sponsor for $25,000 and the 14,300,000 Private Placement Warrants purchased by the Sponsor for $14.3 million may be worthless. |
• |
Prior to the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, an affiliate of the Sponsor (the “ Sponsor Affiliate Investor SAFE Exchanged SAFE Loan |
conversion of all $10.0 million of Exchanged SAFE Loan (and including accrued and unpaid interest through July 17, 2025), such shares of Kodiak Common Stock, if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have an aggregate market value of $12.9 million based upon the closing price of $11.38 per AACT Class A Ordinary Share on the NYSE on July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. We expect the Exchanged SAFE Loan, together with accrued and unpaid interest, to be repaid in cash at maturity on October 1, 2026. |
• |
The Sponsor and AACT’s directors and officers have agreed not to redeem any of the AACT Ordinary Shares held by them in connection with a shareholder vote to approve the Business Combination. |
• |
The Sponsor and AACT’s officers and directors have agreed to waive their rights to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to the AACT Ordinary Shares (other than Public Shares) held by them if AACT fails to consummate an initial business combination within the Combination Period. |
• |
The Sponsor and AACT’s officers and certain directors may lose their entire investment in AACT and may not be reimbursed for loans extended, fees due or out-of-pocket expenses outstanding out-of-pocket expenses |
• |
If the Trust Account is liquidated, including in the event AACT is unable to complete an initial business combination within the required time period, the Sponsor has agreed to indemnify AACT to ensure that the proceeds in the Trust Account are not reduced below $10.10 per Public Share, or such lesser per Public Share amount as is in the Trust Account on the liquidation date, by the claims of prospective target businesses with which AACT has entered into an acquisition agreement or claims of any third party for services rendered or products sold to AACT, but only if such a vendor or target business has not executed a waiver of all rights to seek access to the Trust Account. |
• |
AACT’s independent directors will continue to receive director fees paid in cash, as described in AACT’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as filed with the SEC on March 12, 2025 (the “AACT Annual Report |
• |
AACT’s existing officers and directors will be eligible for continued indemnification and continued coverage under a tail directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy for a period of six years after the Business Combination. |
• |
Beginning April 25, 2025, the Sponsor commenced making monthly Contributions of $1.0 million each month, up to a maximum aggregate amount of $9.9 million. The Contributions are paid on the 25th day of each month (or if such day is not a business day, on the business day immediately preceding such day) until the Maturity Date. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor has made $3.9 million of Contributions. Kodiak will reimburse the Sponsor for the Contributions upon Closing. If the proposed Business Combination does not close, 50% of the Contributions will be an obligation of Legacy Kodiak and 50% will be an obligation of AACT. AACT may use a portion of proceeds held outside the Trust Account to repay the Sponsor for 50% of the Contributions, but no proceeds held in the Trust Account may be used to repay the Sponsor for such amounts. |
• |
The Sponsor has extended Overfunding Loans in an aggregate outstanding principal amount of $5.0 million to AACT. The Overfunding Loans will, in the Sponsor’s discretion, either be repaid upon the Closing or converted into Kodiak Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant (or any combination of repayment or conversion). Any such warrants will be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. The Overfunding Loans were extended in order to ensure that the amount in the Trust Account was $10.10 per public share. If AACT does not complete the Business Combination or another initial business combination, AACT will not repay the Overfunding Loans from amounts held in the Trust Account, |
and the Trust Account proceeds will be distributed to the Public Shareholders, subject to the limitations described in this proxy statement/prospectus; however, AACT may repay the Overfunding Loans if there are funds available outside the Trust Account to do so. |
| • | To finance transaction costs in connection with a business combination, the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor has provided AACT with Working Capital Loans (separate from the Overfunding Loans). The Working Capital Loans will, in the Sponsor’s discretion, either be repaid upon the Closing or converted into Kodiak Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant (or any combination of repayment or conversion). Any such warrants will be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. If AACT does not complete the Business Combination or another initial business combination, AACT will not repay the Working Capital Loans from amounts held in the Trust Account, and the Trust Account proceeds will be distributed to the Public Shareholders, subject to the limitations described in this proxy statement/prospectus; however, AACT may repay the Working Capital Loans if there are funds available outside the Trust Account to do so. As of date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor has provided an aggregate of $1.2 million in Working Capital Loans to AACT. |
• |
AMCM, an affiliate of the Sponsor, will receive as a deferred IPO advisory fee in the amount of $2.8 million in connection with the Closing. |
• |
Pursuant to the A&R Registration Rights Agreement, the Sponsor will have customary registration rights, including demand and piggy-back rights, subject to cooperation and cut-back provisions with respect to the Kodiak Common Stock and Kodiak Warrants held by it following the consummation of the Business Combination. |
Securities to be Received |
Other Compensation | |||
Sponsor |
12,500,000 shares of Kodiak Common Stock, to be issued upon conversion of 12,500,000 AACT Class A Ordinary Shares currently held by the Sponsor, including 6,250,000 Sponsor Earn Out Securities subject to vesting. The 12,500,000 AACT Class A Ordinary Shares were converted from AACT Class B Ordinary Shares, which the Sponsor initially acquired for a total of $25,000 . (1) |
Simultaneous with the consummation of the IPO, the Sponsor extended Overfunding Loans in the aggregate outstanding principal amount of $5.0 million to AACT. At the option of the Sponsor, such outstanding Overfunding Loans may be repaid upon Closing or converted into Kodiak Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant (or any combination of repayment or conversion). (3) | ||
14,300,000 Kodiak Warrants, to be received upon the conversion of 14,300,000 Private Placement Warrants, initially acquired by the Sponsor in a private placement consummated concurrently with the IPO at a price of $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, for a total price of $14.3 million. (2) |
In April 2025, the Sponsor agreed to make monthly Contributions of approximately $1.0 million to AACT. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor has paid an aggregate of approximately $3.9 million in Contributions. The Contributions shall be reimbursed to the Sponsor by Kodiak upon the Closing. | |||
As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor has advanced approximately $1.2 million to AACT as Working Capital Loans. (4) | ||||
Reimbursement of any out-of-pocket expenses for services provided to AACT before completion of the Business Combination, including expenses related to identifying, investigating and completing an initial business combination . | ||||
Securities to be Received |
Other Compensation | |||
Sponsor Affiliate Investor |
2,271,687 shares of Kodiak Common Stock, assuming full conversion of all $20.0 million of Second Lien Loans held by the Sponsor Affiliate Investor under the Second Lien Loan and Security Agreement into shares of Kodiak Common Stock (including accrued and unpaid interest through July 17, 2025 and excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan). (5) |
$10.4 million representing repayment of the Exchanged Safe Loan, including accrued and unpaid interest. The Exchanged Safe Loan is expected to be repaid at maturity on October 1, 2026. (6) | ||
AMCM |
Not applicable. |
$2.8 million Deferred IPO Advisory Fee to be paid in connection with the Closing. | ||
(1) |
Upon the Domestication, the Sponsor is expected to receive 12,500,000 Kodiak Common Stock, with an implie d aggregate market value of $142.3 million (based upon the closing price of $11.38 per AACT Class A Ordinary Share on the NYSE on July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus), including 6,250,000 Sponsor Earn Out Securities subject to vesting as described in section entitled “Business Combination Proposal—Related Agreements—Sponsor Support Agreement” |
(2) |
Upon the Domestication, the Sponsor is expected to receive 14,300,000 Kodiak Warrants, with an implied aggregate market value of $20.7 million (based upon the closing price of $1.45 per Public Warrant on the NYSE on July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus). |
(3) |
The Overfunding Loans will, in the Sponsor’s discretion, either be repaid to the Sponsor upon the Closing or converted in to Kodiak Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant (or any combination of repayment or conversion). Any such warrants will be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. To the extent that the Sponsor elects to receive the repayment of the Overfunding Loans in Kodiak Warrants at Closing and subsequently exercises such warrants to acquire Kodiak Common Stock, the issuances of Kodiak Common Stock may result in dilution of the non-redeeming shareholders of AACT who become stockholders of Kodiak. |
(4) |
The Working Capital Loans will, in the Sponsor’s discretion, either be repaid upon the Closing or converted in to Kodiak Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant (or any combination of repayment or conversion). Any such warrants will be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. To the extent that the Sponsor elects to receive the repayment of the Working Capital Loans in Kodiak Warrants at Closing and subsequently exercises such warrants to acquire Kodiak Common Stock, the issuances of Kodiak Common Stock may result in dilution of the non-redeeming shareholders of AACT who become stockholders of Kodiak. |
(5) |
Concurrently with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, the Sponsor Affiliate Investor entered into the Second Lien Loan and Security Agreement with Legacy Kodiak to provide $20.0 million of financing in the form of Second Lien Loans. In connection with the Closing, $20.0 million of the Second Lien Loans provided by the Sponsor Affiliate Investor will automatically convert into Second Lien Conversion Shares and will subsequently convert into shares of Kodiak Common Stock. The number of shares of Kodiak Common Stock ultimately received by the Sponsor Affiliate Investor upon conversion of the Second Lien Loans shall be based on the Second Lien Conversion Price. Assuming the full conversion of all $20.0 million of Second Lien Loans held by the Sponsor Affiliate Investor (including accrued and unpaid interest through July 17, 2025 and excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan), such shares of Kodiak Common Stock, if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have an aggregate market value of $25.9 million based upon the closing price of $11.38 per AACT Class A Ordinary Share on the NYSE on July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. |
(6) |
Prior to the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, the Sponsor Affiliate Investor provided $10.0 million of financing to Legacy Kodiak in the form of a SAFE. In connection with entering the Second Lien Loan and Security Agreement, and immediately prior to the execution and delivery of the Business Combination Agreement, the Sponsor Affiliate Investor exchanged its $10.0 million SAFE for the Exchanged SAFE Loan. The Exchanged SAFE Loan is convertible at the Sponsor Affiliate Investor’s option for Second Lien Conversion Shares and subsequently into shares of Kodiak Common Stock at a price based on the Second Lien Conversion Price prior to Closing. The table above assumes the Exchanged SAFE Loan is not converted into Second Lien Conversion Shares at Closing, and is repaid in cash at maturity on October 1, 2026, together with accrued and unpaid interest. To the extent that the Sponsor Affiliate Investor elects to convert the $10.0 million of Exchanged Safe Loans into shares of Kodiak Common Stock at Closing, such shares of Kodiak Common Stock (including accrued and unpaid interest through July 17, 2025), if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have an aggregate market value of $12.9 million based upon the closing price of $11.38 per AACT Class A Ordinary Share on the NYSE on July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. The issuances of such Kodiak Common Stock at Closing may result in dilution of the non-redeeming shareholders of AACT who become stockholders of Kodiak. |
Sources |
Uses |
|||||||||||||
($ in millions) |
($ in millions) |
|||||||||||||
AACT’s Cash-in-Trust (1) |
$ |
560 |
Legacy Kodiak Equity Rollover |
$ |
2,500 |
|||||||||
PIPE Investment (2) |
100 |
Cash to Balance Sheet (5) |
610 |
|||||||||||
Sponsor (3) |
71 |
Sponsor |
71 |
|||||||||||
Legacy Kodiak Equity Rollover (4) |
2,500 |
Estimated Transaction Expenses (6) |
50 |
|||||||||||
Total Sources |
$ |
3,231 |
Total Uses |
$ |
3,231 |
|||||||||
(1) |
AACT total cash in trust as of July 17, 2025. |
(2) |
Assumes (i) completion of the contemplated $100.0 million PIPE Investment; and (ii) that 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at the Redemption Price and 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at 90% of the Redemption Price. As of July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, PIPE Investors have subscribed for $60.0 million of PIPE Stock. |
| (3) | Excludes 50% or 6,250,000 of the Sponsor’s 12,500,000 Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, which are Sponsor Earn Out Securities subject to vesting upon the occurrence of Triggering Event I during the Earn Out Period. |
(4) |
Includes (i) 56,562,426 shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock underlying Legacy Kodiak Options, which will automatically convert, on a one-for-one basis, into Exchanged Kodiak Options at Closing; (ii) 30,331,223 shares issuable upon conversion of all SAFEs and 3,353,248 shares issuable upon conversion of all Second Lien Loans (excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan) into shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock immediately prior to the Closing; and (iii) 2,104,844 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable in respect of Legacy Kodiak Warrants that are expected to vest and be net exercised immediately prior to the Closing. Second Lien Loans convert at a price based on the Second Lien Conversion Price and the amount converted includes all accrued and unpaid interest at the time of conversion. Excludes (i) 1,135,843 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Exchanged SAFE Loan and (ii) 75,000,000 Earn Out Securities that Legacy Kodiak Securityholders will be eligible to receive upon achievement of certain milestones during the Earn Out Period and, in the case of the Earn Out RSUs, satisfaction of certain service-based vesting requirements. Numbers may not tie due to rounding. |
(5) |
The actual amount of cash will vary depending on, among other things, actual fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Business Combination and whether Kodiak determines to repay any existing indebtedness upon the Closing. |
(6) |
Represents estimated transaction fees and expenses, the actual amount of which will vary depending on actual fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Business Combination. Excludes $12.5 million of fees payable to an advisor of Legacy Kodiak, which we expect to be satisfied by the issuance of shares of Kodiak Common Stock. |
Sources |
Uses |
|||||||||||||
($ in millions) |
($ in millions) |
|||||||||||||
AACT’s Cash-in-Trust |
$ |
0 |
Legacy Kodiak Equity Rollover |
$ |
2,500 |
|||||||||
PIPE Investment (1) |
100 |
Cash to Balance Sheet (4) |
50 |
|||||||||||
Sponsor (2) |
71 |
Sponsor |
71 |
|||||||||||
Legacy Kodiak Equity Rollover (3) |
2,500 |
Estimated Transaction Expenses (5) |
50 |
|||||||||||
Total Sources |
$ |
2,671 |
Total Uses |
$ |
2,671 |
|||||||||
(1) |
Assumes (i) completion of the contemplated $100.0 million PIPE Investment; and (ii) that 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at the Redemption Price and 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at 90% of the Redemption Price. As of July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, PIPE Investors have subscribed for $60.0 million of PIPE Stock. |
(2) |
Excludes 50% or 6,250,000 of the Sponsor’s 12,500,000 Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, which are Sponsor Earn Out Securities subject to vesting upon the occurrence of Triggering Event I during the Earn Out Period. |
(3) |
Includes (i) 56,562,426 shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock underlying Legacy Kodiak Options, which will automatically convert, on a one-for-one basis, into Exchanged Kodiak Options at Closing; (ii) 30,331,223 shares issuable upon conversion of all SAFEs and 3,353,248 shares issuable upon conversion of all Second Lien Loans (excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan) into shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock immediately prior to the Closing; and (iii) 2,104,844 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable in respect of Legacy Kodiak Warrants that are expected to vest and be net exercised immediately prior to the Closing. Second Lien Loans convert at a price based on the Second Lien Conversion Price and the amount converted includes all accrued payment in kind interest. Excludes (i) 1,135,843 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Exchanged SAFE Loan and (ii) 75,000,000 Earn Out |
Securities that Legacy Kodiak Securityholders will be eligible to receive upon achievement of certain milestones during the Earn Out Period and, in the case of the Earn Out RSUs, satisfaction of certain service-based vesting requirements. Numbers may not tie due to rounding. |
(4) |
The actual amount of cash will vary depending on, among other things, actual fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Business Combination and whether Kodiak determines to repay any existing indebtedness upon the Closing. |
(5) |
Represents estimated transaction fees and expenses, the actual amount of which will vary depending on actual fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Business Combination. Excludes $12.5 million of fees payable to an advisor of Legacy Kodiak, which we expect to be satisfied by the issuance of shares of Kodiak Common Stock. |
• |
AV technology is emerging and rapidly evolving and involves significant risks and uncertainties. |
• |
We have incurred net losses since inception, and may not achieve or maintain profitability. |
• |
Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter. |
• |
Our technology may have limited performance, and technology development and commercialization may take us longer to complete than we currently anticipate. |
• |
Any failure to commercialize our solution at scale may have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. |
• |
We rely on a limited number of customers for a significant portion of our revenue. |
• |
We depend on our commercial agreements with Atlas. |
• |
AV technology presents the risk of significant injury, including fatalities. |
• |
The Kodiak Driver may not function as intended due to flaws or errors in our software, hardware, and systems, product defects, or due to human error. |
• |
Any flaws or misuse of AV technology, whether actual or perceived, intended or inadvertent, by us or third parties, may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. |
• |
We operate in a highly competitive market, and we may be unable to compete effectively, including against competitors who may have greater resources. |
• |
The Kodiak Driver-as-a-Service |
• |
Our success is contingent on our ability to execute our DaaS business model, including by maintaining, managing, retaining, and expanding our existing customer relationships and obtaining new customers. |
• |
Recent and further changes in the tariff and trade policies of the United States or of other countries could increase manufacturing costs, decrease demand for our solution, disrupt supply chains, or otherwise adversely affect our business and financial condition. |
• |
We depend on the experience and expertise of our senior management team, engineers, and certain other key employees. |
• |
We rely on our third-party suppliers, OEMs, upfitters, service providers and partners, some of which are single or limited-source suppliers or providers of certain key components for, and services used in connection with, the Kodiak Driver. |
| • | We are subject to substantial regulations, including regulations governing motor carriers and autonomous vehicles. |
| • | We may not be able to adequately establish, maintain, protect, and enforce our technology and intellectual property rights or prevent others from unauthorized use of our technology and intellectual property rights. |
| • | We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which, whether meritless or not, may be expensive and time consuming to defend, distract management, require us to pay significant damages and limit our ability to use certain technologies. |
| • | A significant portion of our historical revenue has come from our contracts with the public sector, and our failure to receive and maintain government contracts or changes in the contracting or fiscal policies of the public sector may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. |
| • | We require significant capital to fund our operations and growth. |
| • | Real or perceived inaccuracies in our assumptions and estimates to calculate certain metrics, including the Kodiak Driver-as-a-Service |
| • | General business and economic conditions, and risks related to the trucking, industrial, oil and gas and public sector ecosystems, may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. |
| • | AACT’s shareholders will experience dilution due to the issuance of shares of Kodiak Common Stock, and securities exercisable for or convertible into shares of Kodiak Common Stock in connection with the Business Combination. |
| • | The ability of AACT’s Public Shareholders to exercise redemption rights may prevent AACT from completing the Business Combination or optimizing its capital structure. |
| • | AACT’s securities may be delisted from trading, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in such securities and subject AACT to additional trading restrictions. |
| • | If the conditions to the Business Combination Agreement are not met, the Business Combination may not occur. |
| • | Because AACT is incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, in the event the Business Combination is not completed, you may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through the U.S. federal courts may be limited. |
| • | |
| • | AACT’s shareholders may be held liable for claims by third parties against AACT to the extent of distributions received by them upon redemption of their shares. |
| • | AACT may amend the terms of the warrants in a manner that may be adverse to holders of warrants with the approval by the holders of at least 50% of the then-outstanding warrants. |
| • | If the Adjournment Proposal is not approved, and a quorum is present but an insufficient number of votes have been obtained to approve the Business Combination Proposal, the AACT Board will not have the ability to adjourn the extraordinary general meeting to a later date in circumstances where such adjournment is necessary to permit the Business Combination to be approved. |
• |
No Redemption Scenario – This scenario assumes that no Public Shares are redeemed. |
• |
Maximum Redemption Scenario – This scenario assumes that 49,359,712 Public Shares are redeemed and none of the amounts held in the Trust Account as of immediately prior to the Closing are available to Kodiak. |
Legacy Kodiak (Historical) |
Combined Pro Forma |
|||||||||||||||
As of and for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 (Unaudited) |
AACT (Historical) |
No Redemption Scenario |
Maximum Redemption Scenario |
|||||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity (deficit) |
$ |
(376,634 |
) |
$ |
(24,745 |
) |
$ |
564,592 |
$ |
1 1 ,270 |
||||||
| Net income (loss) |
(128,185 |
) |
2,992 |
(22,401 |
) |
(22,401 |
) | |||||||||
| Weighted average common stock or Class A and Class B ordinary shares outstanding—basic and diluted (1) |
89,458 |
62,500 |
225,679 |
176,3 20 |
||||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity (deficit) per share—basic and diluted (1) |
$ |
(4.21 |
) |
$ |
(0.40 |
) |
2.50 |
$ |
0. 06 |
|||||||
| Net income (loss) per share—basic and diluted (1) |
$ |
(1.43 |
) |
$ |
0.05 |
$ |
(0.10 |
) |
$ |
(0.13 |
) | |||||
(1) |
Reflects certain assumptions. See “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information” for additional details. |
• |
achieving acceptably safe autonomous performance as determined by us, our customers, government and regulatory agencies, our partners and the general public; |
• |
continued development of the Kodiak Driver, including system design, product features, vehicle integrations and operating domain and geographical expansion, based on the needs of our customers; |
• |
successfully completing system testing, validation, and to the extent required, safety approvals, including with respect to government and regulatory agencies and customer- or partner-specific requirements; |
• |
maintaining relationships with third parties, including OEMs, third-party suppliers of the component parts of the Kodiak Driver, upfitters, and other technology providers that support our product development and service providers and other third parties who support our commercialization strategy; |
• |
preserving our core intellectual property rights and obtaining rights from third parties for intellectual property that may be critical to our current and future research and development activities; |
• |
continuing to fund and maintain our technology development activities while scaling our commercial operations; and |
• |
obtaining or maintaining approvals, licenses, or certifications from regulatory agencies, if required. |
• |
design, develop, test, and validate the Kodiak Driver for the variety of commercial applications and environments in which we plan to deploy, such as on-highway and off-highway operations, industrial applications, and public sector applications; |
• |
produce and deliver our technology at an acceptable level of safety and performance; |
• |
properly price our solution; |
• |
plan for and manage our costs; |
• |
hire, integrate, and retain talented people; |
• |
forecast our revenue as well as budget for and manage our expenses; |
• |
attract new partners and customers and retain and expand our deployment with existing partners and customers; |
• |
navigate an evolving and complex regulatory environment; |
• |
manage our supply chain and supplier relationships, including any tariff-related impacts on our supply chain; |
• |
anticipate and respond to macroeconomic changes and changes in the markets in which we operate; |
• |
maintain and enhance the value of our reputation and brand; |
• |
effectively manage our growth and business operations, including the impacts of unforeseen market changes on our business; |
• |
develop and protect intellectual property; and |
• |
successfully develop new features, applications, and services to enhance the experience of our customers. |
| • | customer demand; |
| • | our ability to attract and retain customers; |
| • | speed of customer adoption; |
| • | competitive and pricing pressures; and |
| • | the actual terms of customer contracts. |
| • | changes in fiscal or contracting policies or decreases in available government funding; |
| • | changes in government programs, funding priorities, and requirements; |
| • | changes in the political environment, including before or after a change to the leadership within the government administration, and any resulting uncertainty or changes in policy or priorities and resultant funding; |
| • | changes in government administration and national and international priorities, including developments in the geopolitical environment; |
| • | changes in the government’s attitude towards the capabilities that we offer, especially in the areas of national defense; |
| • | changes in the government’s attitude towards us as a company or our solutions as viable or acceptable autonomy solutions; |
| • | appeals, disputes, or litigation relating to government procurement, including bid protests by unsuccessful bidders on potential or actual awards of contracts to us by the government; |
| • | the adoption of new laws or regulations or changes to existing laws or regulations; |
| • | budgetary constraints, including automatic reductions as a result of “sequestration” or similar measures and constraints imposed by any lapses in appropriations for the federal government or certain of its departments and agencies; |
| • | influence by, or competition from, third parties with respect to pending, new, or existing contracts with government customers; |
| • | potential delays or changes in the government appropriations or procurement processes, including as a result of events such as war, incidents of terrorism, natural disasters, and public health concerns or epidemics; |
| • | increased or unexpected costs or unanticipated delays caused by other factors outside of our control, such as supply chain constraints; and |
| • | government exercises of contractual rights, including the right to terminate contracts when in the government’s interest; exercise contract options; the right to reduce orders under or otherwise modify contracts; cancel multi-year contracts and related orders if funds for contract performance for any subsequent year become unavailable; and prohibit future procurement awards with a particular agency due to a finding of organizational conflicts of interest based upon prior related work performed for the agency that would give a contractor an unfair advantage over competing contractors, or the existence of conflicting roles that might bias a contractor’s judgment. |
| • | terminate existing contracts for convenience with short notice; |
| • | reduce orders under or otherwise modify contracts; |
| • | for some contracts, (i) demand a refund, make a forward price adjustment, or terminate a contract for default if a contractor provided inaccurate or incomplete data during the contract negotiation process and (ii) reduce the contract price under triggering circumstances, including the revision of price lists or other documents upon which the contract award was predicated; |
| • | cancel multi-year contracts and related orders if funds for contract performance for any subsequent year become unavailable; |
| • | decline to exercise an option to renew a multi-year contract or issue task orders in connection with indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contracts; |
| • | claim rights in solutions, systems, or technology produced by us, appropriate such work-product for their continued use without continuing to contract for our services, and disclose such work-product to third parties, including other government agencies and our competitors, which could harm our competitive position; |
| • | prohibit future procurement awards with a particular agency due to a finding of organizational conflicts of interest based upon prior related work performed for the agency that would give a contractor an unfair advantage over competing contractors, or the existence of conflicting roles that might bias a contractor’s judgment; |
| • | subject the award of contracts to protest by competitors, which may require the contracting federal agency or department to suspend our performance pending the outcome of the protest and may also result in a requirement to resubmit offers for the contract or in the termination, reduction, or modification of the awarded contract; |
| • | suspend us from doing business with the applicable government; and |
| • | control or prohibit the export of our services. |
| • | a limited availability of market quotations for our securities; |
| • | reduced liquidity for our securities; |
| • | a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and |
| • | a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future. |
| • | we will indemnify our directors and officers for serving Kodiak in those capacities or for serving other business enterprises at our request, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Delaware law provides that a corporation may indemnify such person if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the registrant and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such person’s conduct was unlawful; |
| • | we may, in our discretion, indemnify employees and agents in those circumstances where indemnification is permitted by applicable law; |
| • | we will be required to advance expenses, as incurred, to our directors and officers in connection with defending a proceeding, except that such directors or officers shall undertake to repay such advances if it is ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to indemnification; |
| • | we will not be obligated pursuant to the Proposed Bylaws to indemnify a person with respect to proceedings initiated by that person against Kodiak or our other indemnitees, except with respect to proceedings authorized by the Kodiak Board or brought to enforce a right to indemnification; |
| • | the rights conferred in the Proposed Bylaws are not exclusive, and we are authorized to enter into indemnification agreements with our directors, officers, employees and agents and to obtain insurance to indemnify such persons; and |
| • | we may not retroactively amend our Proposed Bylaws provisions to reduce our indemnification obligations to directors, officers, employees and agents. |
| • | the realization of any of the risk factors presented in this proxy statement/prospectus; |
| • | changes in the industries in which we and our customers operate; |
| • | developments involving our competitors; |
| • | changes in laws and regulations affecting its business; |
| • | actual or anticipated differences in our estimates, or in the estimates of analysts, for our revenues, results of operations, level of indebtedness, liquidity or financial condition; |
| • | additions and departures of key personnel; |
| • | failure to comply with the requirements of the listing exchange; |
| • | failure to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or other laws or regulations; |
| • | future issuances, sales, resales or repurchases or anticipated issuances, sales, resales or repurchases, of our securities; |
| • | publication of research reports by securities analysts about us or our competitors or our industry; |
| • | the public’s reaction to our press releases, other public announcements and filings with the SEC; |
| • | actions by stockholders, including the sale by the PIPE Investors of any of their shares of Kodiak Common Stock; |
| • | the performance and market valuations of other similar companies; |
| • | commencement of, or involvement in, litigation involving us; |
| • | broad disruptions in the financial markets, including sudden disruptions in the credit markets; |
| • | speculation in the press or investment community; |
| • | actual, potential or perceived control, accounting or reporting problems; |
| • | changes in accounting principles, policies and guidelines; and |
| • | other events or factors, including those resulting from infectious diseases, health epidemics and pandemics, natural disasters, war, acts of terrorism or responses to these events. |
| • | the book-building process undertaken by underwriters that helps to inform efficient price discovery with respect to opening trades of newly listed securities; and |
| • | underwriter support to help stabilize, maintain or affect the public price of the new issue immediately after listing. |
| • | a limited availability of market quotations for its securities; |
| • | reduced liquidity for its securities; |
| • | a determination that our securities are a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our securities to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for its securities; |
| • | a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and |
| • | a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future. |
| • | a U.S. Holder who is a 10% U.S. Shareholder on the date of the Domestication generally will be required to include in income as a deemed dividend deemed paid by AACT the “all earnings and profits amount” (as defined in the Treasury Regulations under Section 367(b) of the Code) attributable to the AACT Class A Ordinary Shares held directly by such U.S. Holder; |
| • | a U.S. Holder whose AACT Class A Ordinary Shares have a fair market value of $50,000 or more on the date of the Domestication and who, on the date of the Domestication, is not a 10% U.S. Shareholder generally will recognize gain (but not loss) with respect to its AACT Class A Ordinary Shares as if such U.S. Holder exchanged its AACT Class A Ordinary Shares for Kodiak Common Stock in a taxable transaction, unless such U.S. Holder elects in accordance with applicable Treasury Regulations to include in income as a deemed dividend deemed paid by AACT the “all earnings and profits” amount (as defined in the Treasury Regulations under Section 367(b) of the Code) attributable to such U.S. Holder’s AACT Class A Ordinary Shares; and |
| • | a U.S. Holder whose AACT Class A Ordinary Shares have a fair market value of less than $50,000 on the date of the Domestication and who, on the date of the Domestication, is not a 10% U.S. Shareholder, generally will not recognize any gain or loss or include any part of AACT’s earnings and profits in income under Section 367 of the Code in connection with the Domestication. |
| • | the ability of the Kodiak Board to issue shares of Kodiak Preferred Stock, known as “blank check” preferred stock, and to fix by resolution or resolutions the designations, powers, preferences and rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, of any series of Kodiak Preferred Stock, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer; |
| • | the limitation of the liability of, and the indemnification of, Kodiak’s directors and officers; |
| • | the right, subject to the rights of holders of Kodiak Preferred Stock to elect directors under specific circumstances, of the Kodiak Board to appoint a director to fill a vacancy or unfilled seat created by the expansion of the Kodiak Board or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies or other unfilled seats on the Kodiak Board; |
| • | the requirement, so long as the Kodiak Board is classified, that directors may only be removed from the Kodiak Board for cause and upon the affirmative vote of the holders of at least the majority of the total voting power of the issued and outstanding Kodiak Common Stock entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting as a single class; |
| • | the requirement that, subject to the terms of any series of Kodiak Preferred Stock, a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by: (i) the Kodiak Board acting pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the directors then serving on the Kodiak Board; (ii) the chairperson of the Kodiak Board; or (iii) the Chief Executive Officer or president of Kodiak and the explicit prohibition on stockholders calling a special meeting, which could delay the ability of stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors; |
| • | controlling the procedures for the conduct and scheduling of the Kodiak Board and stockholder meetings; |
| • | the requirement for the affirmative vote of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the total voting power of all of the then outstanding voting securities of Kodiak entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, to amend or modify certain provisions in the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation which could preclude stockholders from bringing matters before annual or special meetings of stockholders and delay changes in the Kodiak Board and also may inhibit the ability of an acquirer to effect such amendments to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt; |
| • | the ability of the Kodiak Board to alter or amend the Proposed Bylaws, which may allow the Kodiak Board to take additional actions to prevent an unsolicited takeover and inhibit the ability of an acquirer to amend the Proposed Bylaws to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt; and |
| • | advance notice procedures with which stockholders of Kodiak must comply to nominate candidates to the Kodiak Board or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which could preclude stockholders from bringing matters before annual or special meetings of stockholders and delay changes in the Kodiak Board and also may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of Kodiak. |
| • | the Business Combination Proposal. A current copy of the Business Combination Agreement is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A |
| • | the Domestication Proposal. The Proposed Certificate of Incorporation is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex D |
| • | the Stock Issuance Proposal; |
| • | the Organizational Documents Proposal. The Proposed Certificate of Incorporation and the Proposed Bylaws are attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex D Annex E |
| • | the Advisory Organizational Documents Proposals; |
| • | the Incentive Plan Proposal. A form of 2025 EIP is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex G |
| • | the Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal. A form of ESPP is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex H |
| • | the Director Election Proposal; and |
| • | the Adjournment Proposal, if presented to the Extraordinary General Meeting. |
| • | you may send another proxy card with a later date; |
| • | you may notify AACT’s CEO in writing to Ares Acquisition Corporation II, 245 Park Avenue, 44th Floor, New York, NY 10167, before the Extraordinary General Meeting that you have revoked your proxy; or |
| • | you may attend the Extraordinary General Meeting, revoke your proxy, and vote in person or virtually, as indicated above. |
| (a) | (i) hold Public Shares or (ii) hold Public Shares through AACT Units and elect to separate your AACT Units into the underlying Public Shares and Public Warrants prior to exercising your redemption rights with respect to the Public Shares; |
| (b) | submit a written request to the Transfer Agent, including the legal name, phone number and address of the beneficial owner of the Public Shares for which redemption is requested, that Kodiak redeem all or a portion of your Public Shares for cash; and |
| (c) | deliver the certificates for your Public Shares (if any) along with the redemption forms to Transfer Agent, physically or electronically through DTC. |
| (a) | each share of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, other than Dissenting Shares and Cancelled Shares (each term as defined in the Business Combination Agreement), will be converted into the right to receive, without interest and subject to any applicable tax withholding, the Per Share Merger Consideration; |
| (b) | each issued, outstanding and unexercised warrant to purchase shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock as of immediately as of immediately prior to the Effective Time will be either (i) net exercised in exchange for shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock in accordance with its terms and cancelled, extinguished, retired or shall otherwise cease to exist and the holder of such warrants shall cease to have any rights with respect thereto, other than with respect to the Legacy Kodiak Common Stock into which such warrants have been exchanged or (ii) assumed and converted into a comparable warrant to purchase shares of Kodiak Common Stock, in each case, pursuant to the terms of such warrant; |
| (c) | each issued, outstanding and unexercised option to purchase shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock (whether vested or unvested) as of immediately prior to the Effective Time will be assumed and converted into a comparable option to purchase shares of Kodiak Common Stock determined in accordance with the Business Combination Agreement; and |
| (d) | Kodiak will contribute to Kodiak OpCo the Available Closing Cash equal to, as of immediately prior to the Closing, the sum of plus plus |
| (a) | any change in applicable laws or GAAP or any interpretation of such laws or GAAP following the Signing Date; |
| (b) | any change in interest rates or economic, political, business or financial market conditions generally; |
| (c) | the taking of any action required by the Business Combination Agreement; |
| (d) | any natural disaster (including hurricanes, storms, tornados, flooding, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or similar occurrences) or change in climate; |
| (e) | any epidemic, pandemic, other disease outbreak; |
| (f) | any acts of terrorism or war, the outbreak or escalation of hostilities or civil disobedience, geopolitical conditions, local, national or international political conditions, and in each of clauses (d), (e), and (f), any actions or omissions that are taken in compliance with applicable law or any directive or guideline of any governmental authority in connection with any of the foregoing in clauses (d), (e) and (f); |
| (g) | any failure of Legacy Kodiak to meet any projections or forecasts (provided that this clause (g) does not prevent a determination that any Event not otherwise excluded from this definition of Legacy Kodiak Material Adverse Effect underlying such failure to meet projections or forecasts has resulted in a Legacy Kodiak Material Adverse Effect); |
| (h) | any Events generally applicable to the industries or markets in which Legacy Kodiak operates (including increases in the cost of products, supplies, materials or other goods purchased from third party suppliers); |
| (i) | any Event proximately caused by the announcement, pendency, or consummation of the Business Combination Agreement, except as provided in the Business Combination Agreement; or |
| (j) | any action taken by, or at the request of, AACT. |
| (a) | changes or proposed changes in applicable law, or regulations or interpretations of applicable law or regulations or decisions by courts or any governmental authority after the Signing Date; |
| (b) | changes or proposed changes in GAAP (or any interpretation of GAAP) after the Signing Date; |
| (c) | any downturn in general economic conditions, including changes in the credit, debt, securities, financial, capital or reinsurance markets (including changes in interest or exchange rates, prices of any security or market index or commodity or any disruption of such markets), in each case, in the United States or anywhere else in the world; |
| (d) | the taking of any action required by the Business Combination Agreement; |
| (e) | any natural disaster (including hurricanes, storms, tornados, flooding, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or similar occurrences) or change in climate; |
| (f) | any epidemic, pandemic, other disease outbreak; |
| (g) | any acts of terrorism or war, the outbreak or escalation of hostilities or civil disobedience, geopolitical conditions, local, national or international political conditions, and in the case of each of clauses (e), (f) and (g), any actions or omissions which are taken in compliance with applicable law or any directive or guideline of any Governmental Authority in connection with any of the foregoing in clauses (e), (f) or (g); |
| (h) | any failure of AACT to meet any projections or forecasts (provided that this clause (h) does not prevent a determination that any Event not otherwise excluded from this definition of AACT Material Adverse Effect underlying such failure to meet projections or forecasts has resulted in an AACT Material Adverse Effect); |
| (i) | any Events generally applicable in the industries or markets in which AACT does business; |
| (j) | any Event proximately caused by the announcement, pendency or consummation of this Agreement, except as provided in the Business Combination Agreement; |
| (k) | any action taken by or at the request of Legacy Kodiak; |
| (l) | the number of AACT Shareholders electing a Redemption (or any Redemption in connection with an Extension); or |
| (m) | any change in the market price or trading volume of the AACT Class A Ordinary Shares or the AACT Common Warrants (notwithstanding the foregoing, clause (m) shall not prevent a determination that any Event not otherwise excluded from this definition of AACT Material Adverse Effect underlying such change in the market price or trading volume of the AACT Class A Ordinary Shares or the AACT Common Warrants has resulted in a Purchaser Material Adverse Effect). |
| • | conduct its business, in all material respects, in the ordinary course of business; |
| • | comply in all material respects with all laws applicable to Legacy Kodiak and its business, assets and employees; |
| • | preserve intact, in all material respects, Legacy Kodiak’s business organizations and ongoing business; and |
| • | maintain Legacy Kodiak’s existing relations and goodwill with its customers, suppliers, distributors, and creditors. |
| • | amend, waive or otherwise change, in any respect, its organizational documents, except as required by applicable law; |
| • | authorize for issuance, issue, grant, sell, pledge, dispose of or propose to issue, grant, sell, pledge or dispose of, or accelerate the vesting of or waive any restriction applicable to or propose to accelerate the vesting of or waive any restriction applicable to, any of its equity securities except (i) as required by existing Legacy Kodiak benefits plans; (ii) any issuances to employees or other services providers as set forth in the Legacy Kodiak Disclosure Letter; or (iii) any Contract (including any warrant, option, SAFE or Second Lien Loan) outstanding as of the Signing Date; |
| • | engage in any hedging transaction with a third person with respect to its equity securities; |
| • | split, combine, recapitalize or reclassify any of its shares or other equity securities or issue any other securities in respect of such shares or other equity securities; pay or set aside any dividend or other distribution (whether in cash, equity or property or any combination of cash, equity or property) in respect of its shares or other equity securities; or directly or indirectly redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire or offer to acquire any of its equity securities, except in the case of this clause, for: (i) purchases or redemptions pursuant to exercises or cancellations of equity securities outstanding as of the Signing Date or issued thereafter in compliance with the terms of the Business Combination Agreement; or (ii) the withholding of shares to satisfy net settlement or Tax obligations with respect to equity securities outstanding as of the Signing Date, in the case of each of clause (i) and (ii), in accordance with the terms of such equity securities; |
| • | other than indebtedness incurred as of the Signing Date pursuant to the Second Lien Loan and Security Agreement, voluntarily incur or guarantee any indebtedness for borrowed money (whether absolute, accrued, contingent or otherwise) in excess of $1.0 million in the aggregate; |
| • | (i) establish, adopt, materially amend or terminate any Legacy Kodiak Benefit Plan or any other benefit or compensation plan, policy, program, contract, agreement or arrangement that would be a Legacy Kodiak Benefit Plan if in effect on the Signing Date; (ii) increase or accelerate or commit to accelerate the funding, payment or vesting of the compensation or benefits provided to any of the current or former employees, officers, directors or other service providers of Legacy Kodiak, including under any Legacy Kodiak Benefit Plan or any other benefit or compensation plan, agreement, contract, program, policy or arrangement other than as set forth in the Legacy Kodiak Disclosure Letter; (iii) grant, promise or announce any cash or equity or equity-based incentive awards, bonus, retention, change in control, transaction, severance or similar compensation or any increase in the salaries, bonuses or other compensation and benefits payable to any of the current or former employees, officers, directors or other individual service providers of Legacy Kodiak (or any of their respective dependents or beneficiaries); (iv) hire, promote or engage, or otherwise enter into any employment or consulting agreement or arrangement with, any current or former employee, officer, director or other service provider of Legacy Kodiak, other than in the ordinary course of business with respect to any such service provider below the level of Vice President; or (v) terminate any employee, officer, director or other service provider of Legacy Kodiak, other than for cause or in the ordinary course of business with respect to any such service provider below the level of Vice President; |
| • | (i) waive or release any noncompetition, nonsolicitation, nondisclosure or other restrictive covenants applying to any current or former employee or other individual service provider; (ii) plan, announce, |
implement, or effect the reduction in force, lay-off, furloughs, early-retirement program, severance program or other program or effort concerning the termination of a group of employees of Legacy Kodiak (other than individual employee terminations for cause permitted under the Business Combination Agreement); or (iii) take other such actions that would reasonably be expected to implicate the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act of 1988; |
| • | enter into, amend, modify, negotiate, terminate or extend any collective bargaining agreement or similar labor agreement with any labor union, works council, labor organization, or other employee representative body, or recognize or certify any labor union, works council, labor organization, or group of employees of Legacy Kodiak as the bargaining representative for any employees of Legacy Kodiak; |
| • | (i) make, change or rescind any material election relating to taxes; (ii) settle any claim, suit, litigation, proceeding, arbitration, investigation, audit, examination, controversy or other legal proceeding relating to material taxes; (iii) file any amended tax return with respect to income taxes or other material taxes; (iv) voluntarily surrender any right to claim a refund of material taxes; (v) change or request to change any method of accounting for tax purposes; (vi) waive or extend any statute of limitations in respect of a period within which an assessment or reassessment of material taxes may be issued or in respect of any material tax attribute that would give rise to any claim or assessment of taxes of or with respect to Legacy Kodiak (other than as a result of any extension of time to file tax returns or pay taxes that is automatically or routinely granted); (vii) incur any material liability for taxes outside the ordinary course of business; (viii) enter into any tax sharing, indemnification, allocation or similar agreement or arrangement (excluding any commercial contract entered into in the ordinary course of business and not primarily related to taxes); or (ix) enter into any “closing agreement” as described in Section 7121 of the Code or any other similar agreement or arrangement with any governmental authority with respect to income taxes or other material taxes; |
| • | (i) transfer, sell, assign, license, sublicense, covenant not to assert, subject to a lien (other than a permitted lien); abandon, allow to lapse, transfer or otherwise dispose of, any right, title or interest of Legacy Kodiak in or to any and all owned intellectual property material to the business of Legacy Kodiak (other than (A) non-exclusive licenses of owned intellectual property granted in the ordinary course of business or (B) abandoning, allowing to lapse or otherwise disposing of owned intellectual property registrations at the end of their statutory term; (ii) disclose, divulge, furnish to or make accessible any material trade secrets constituting owned intellectual property to any person who has not entered into a commercially reasonable confidentiality agreement, (except where Legacy Kodiak has, in the exercise of reasonable business judgment, decided to disclose, divulge, furnish or make accessible such Trade Secrets, including in the case of patent applications submitted to the USPTO, or similar office of another jurisdiction); or (iii) include, incorporate or embed in, link to, combine, make available or distribute with, or use in the development, operation, delivery or provision of any material Legacy Kodiak software any open source software in a manner that requires Legacy Kodiak to take a copyleft action; |
| • | other than in the ordinary course of business, terminate, waive any material provisions of, amend, or assign any Legacy Kodiak material contract or enter into any contract that would be a Legacy Kodiak material contract if it had been entered into prior to the Signing Date; |
| • | establish any subsidiary or enter into any new line of business; |
| • | fail to maintain its books, accounts and records in all material respects in the ordinary course of business; |
| • | fail to maintain in full force insurance policies or replacement or revised policies providing insurance coverage with respect to its assets, properties, operations and activities in such amount and scope of coverage substantially similar to that which is currently in effect; or terminate without replacement or amend in a manner materially detrimental to Legacy Kodiak, any material insurance policy insuring Legacy Kodiak; |
| • | make any material change in accounting methods, principles or practices, except to the extent required to comply with GAAP or changes that are made in accordance with Public Accounting Oversight Board in the U.S. (“ PCAOB |
| • | waive, release, assign, settle or compromise any claim, action or proceeding (including any suit, action, claim, proceeding or investigation relating to the Business Combination Agreement or the Business Combination), other than waivers, releases, assignments, settlements or compromises that involve only the payment of monetary damages (and not the imposition of equitable relief on, or the admission of wrongdoing by Legacy Kodiak or its affiliates) not in excess of $250,000 (individually or in the aggregate); |
| • | acquire, including by merger, consolidation, acquisition of equity interests or assets, or any other form of business combination: (i) any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, other business organization or any division thereof; or (ii) any material amount of assets outside the ordinary course of business; |
| • | other than: (i) capital expenditures in the ordinary course of business; or (ii) capital expenditures as reflected in Legacy Kodiak’s capital expenditure budget previously provided to AACT and set forth in the Legacy Kodiak Disclosure Letter, make individual capital expenditures in excess of $500,000; |
| • | fail to pay within a reasonable amount of time following the time due and payable, material amounts of accounts payable (other than any account payable that is, at such time, subject to a bona fide dispute) or other than in the ordinary course of business, fail to use commercially reasonable efforts to collect within a reasonable amount of time following the time due, discount or otherwise reduce any account receivable, in each case, in a manner that would reasonably be expected to materially reduce Legacy Kodiak’s working capital; |
| • | adopt a plan of complete or partial liquidation, dissolution, merger, consolidation, restructuring, recapitalization or other reorganization; |
| • | sell, lease, license, transfer, exchange or swap, mortgage or otherwise pledge or encumber (including securitizations), or otherwise dispose of any material portion of its tangible properties, or tangible assets, other than pursuant to permitted liens in the ordinary course; |
| • | enter into any agreement, understanding or arrangement with respect to the voting of equity securities of Legacy Kodiak; |
| • | take any action that would reasonably be expected to significantly delay or impair the obtaining of any consents of any governmental authority to be obtained in connection with the Business Combination Agreement or that would impede the Business Combination; |
| • | enter into, amend, waive or terminate (other than terminations in accordance with their terms) any transaction with any related person (other than compensation and benefits and advancement of expenses, in each case, provided in the ordinary course of business); |
| • | limit the right of Legacy Kodiak to: (i) engage in any line of business; (ii) operate in any geographic area; (iii) develop, market or sell products or services; or (iv) compete with any person or grant any exclusive or similar rights to any person, in each case, except where such limitation or grant does not, and would not be reasonably likely to, individually or in the aggregate, materially and adversely affect, or materially disrupt, the ordinary course operation of the business of Legacy Kodiak; |
| • | except as set forth in referenced parts of the Legacy Kodiak Disclosure Letter, issue any equity security at a price per share or with a conversion price per share that is less than the price per share of Legacy Kodiak’s common stock implied by the Business Combination; or |
| • | authorize or agree to do any of the foregoing actions. |
| • | conduct its business, in all material respects, in the ordinary course of business; |
| • | comply in all material respects with all laws applicable to it and its business, assets and employees; and |
| • | use commercially reasonable efforts to preserve intact, in all material respects, its business organization. |
| • | amend, waive or otherwise change, in any respect, the Memorandum and Articles of Association except as required by applicable law; |
| • | other than in connection with a conversion into AACT Warrants of Working Capital Loan: (i) authorize for issuance, issue, grant, sell, pledge, dispose of or propose to issue, grant, sell, pledge or dispose of any of its equity securities or other security interests of any class and any other equity-based awards; or (ii) engage in any hedging transaction with a third person with respect to such securities; |
| • | (i) split, combine, recapitalize or reclassify any of its shares or other equity securities or issue any other securities in respect thereof; (ii) pay or set aside any dividend or other distribution (whether in cash, equity or property or any combination thereof) in respect of its shares or other equity securities; or (iii) directly or indirectly redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire or offer to acquire any of its equity securities; |
| • | (i) incur, create, assume, prepay or otherwise become liable for any indebtedness (directly, contingently or otherwise); (ii) make a loan or advance to or investment in any third party; or (iii) guarantee or endorse any indebtedness, liability or obligation of any person, in the case of each of clauses (i), (ii) and (iii), other than any Working Capital Loan; |
| • | (i) make, change or rescind any material election relating to taxes; (ii) settle any claim, suit, litigation, proceeding, arbitration, investigation, audit, examination, controversy or other legal proceeding relating to material taxes; (iii) file any amended tax return with respect to income taxes or other material taxes; (iv) voluntarily surrender any right to claim a refund of material taxes; (v) change or request to change any method of accounting for tax purposes; (vi) waive or extend any statute of limitations in respect of a period within which an assessment or reassessment of material taxes may be issued or in respect of any material tax attribute that would give rise to any claim or assessment of taxes of or with respect to AACT (other than as a result of any extension of time to file tax returns or pay taxes that is automatically or routinely granted); (vii) incur any material liability for Taxes outside the ordinary course of business; (viii) enter into any tax sharing, indemnification, allocation or similar agreement or arrangement (excluding any commercial contract entered into in the ordinary course of business and not primarily related to Taxes); or (ix) enter into any “closing agreement” as described in Section 7121 of the Code or any similar agreement or arrangement with any governmental authority with respect to income taxes or other material taxes; |
| • | waive or otherwise change the Trust Agreement; |
| • | terminate, waive or assign any material right under any material contract of AACT or Merger Sub; |
| • | fail to maintain its books, accounts and records in all material respects in the ordinary course of business; |
| • | establish any subsidiary or enter into any new line of business; |
| • | fail to maintain in full force insurance policies or replacement or revised policies providing insurance coverage with respect to its assets, operations, properties and activities in such amount and scope of coverage substantially similar to that which is currently in effect; |
| • | make any material change in accounting methods, principles or practices, except to the extent required to comply with GAAP or PCAOB standards; |
| • | waive, release, assign, settle or compromise any claim, action or proceeding (other than any transaction litigation), other than waivers, releases, assignments, settlements or compromises that involve only the payment of monetary damages (and not the imposition of equitable relief on, or the admission of wrongdoing by, AACT, Merger Sub or their respective subsidiaries) not in excess of $250,000 (individually or in the aggregate); |
| • | acquire, including by merger, consolidation, acquisition of equity interests or assets, or any other form of business combination, any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, other business organization or any division thereof, or any material amount of assets outside the ordinary course of business; |
| • | make any capital expenditures; |
| • | adopt a plan of complete or partial liquidation, dissolution, merger, consolidation, restructuring, recapitalization or other reorganization; |
| • | sell, lease, license, transfer, exchange or swap, mortgage or otherwise pledge or encumber (including securitizations), or otherwise dispose of any material portion of its tangible properties, assets or rights; |
| • | take any action that would reasonably be expected to significantly delay or impair the obtaining of any consents of any governmental authority to be obtained in connection with the Business Combination Agreement; or |
| • | authorize or agree to do any of the foregoing actions. |
| • | During the Interim Period, use commercially reasonable efforts to deliver to AACT: (i) with respect to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, on or before May 5, 2025; (ii) with respect to the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2025, on or before June 10, 2025; (iii) within 35 days following the end of each of the fiscal quarters ending March 31 (other than the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2025), June 30 and September 30; and (iv) within 80 days following the end of each fiscal year ending December 31 (other than the fiscal year ending December 31, 2024), the financial statements required to be included in the proxy statement/prospectus and any other filings to be made by Legacy Kodiak or AACT with the SEC in connection with the Business Combination. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Legacy Kodiak has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to deliver to AACT: (i) with respect to the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, the then-current draft financial statements on or before April 30, 2025; and (ii) with respect to the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2025, the then-current draft financial statements on or before June 7, 2025. |
| • | While it is in possession of material nonpublic information, it will not, and it will cause its directors, officers and direct affiliates not to purchase or sell any securities of AACT (unless otherwise explicitly contemplated in the Business Combination Agreement), communicate such information to any third party, take any other action with respect to AACT in violation of applicable laws, or cause or encourage any third party to do any of the foregoing. |
| • | Except as set forth in the Legacy Kodiak Disclosure Letter, terminate or settle at or prior to the Closing, without further liability to AACT, Merger Sub or Legacy Kodiak all agreements with related persons. |
| • | During the Interim Period, use commercially reasonable efforts to keep current all of its public filings with the SEC and otherwise comply in all material respects with applicable securities laws and use commercially reasonable efforts prior to the Closing to maintain the listing of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and AACT Public Warrants on the NYSE. |
| • | Upon satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in the Business Combination Agreement and provision of notice thereof to the Transfer Agent, (i) in accordance with and pursuant to the Trust Agreement, at the Closing, AACT: (a) will cause any documents, opinions and notices required to be delivered to the Transfer Agent pursuant to the Trust Agreement to be delivered; and (b) will use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Transfer Agent to: (1) pay as and when due all amounts payable to AACT shareholders pursuant to redemptions (including any excise taxes in connection with redemptions); and (2) pay all remaining amounts then available in the Trust Account to AACT for immediate use, subject to the Business Combination Agreement and the Trust Agreement; and (ii) thereafter, the Trust Agreement will terminate in accordance with its terms, except as otherwise provided therein. |
| • | Prior to the Closing Date, but subject to the approval of AACT shareholders, AACT will adopt: (i) the 2025 EIP; and (ii) the ESPP, in each case, in a form that is mutually agreed upon between Legacy Kodiak and AACT. For additional information, see “ The Incentive Plan Proposal The Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal as-converted and as-exercised basis (calculated after giving effect to the Business Combination). |
| • | Subject to receipt of the required AACT shareholder approval as set forth in the Business Combination Agreement, at least one day prior to the Closing and in accordance with applicable law, any applicable rules and regulations of the SEC, the NYSE, and the Memorandum and Articles of Association, AACT will cause the Domestication to become effective, including by: (i) filing with the Delaware Secretary of State a Certificate of Domestication with respect to the Domestication, in form and substance reasonably acceptable to AACT and Legacy Kodiak, together with the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation, in each case, in accordance with the provisions of the Certificate of Domestication with respect to the Domestication and the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law; (ii) adopting the Proposed Bylaws upon Domestication; and (iii) completing, making and procuring all filings required to be made under the Companies Act in connection with the Domestication. |
| • | During the Interim Period, each of Legacy Kodiak and AACT will not, and each will cause its representatives to not, without the prior written consent of Legacy Kodiak, on the one hand, and AACT |
and Merger Sub, on the other, directly or indirectly: (i) solicit, assist, initiate, engage or facilitate the making, submission or announcement of, or knowingly encourage, any acquisition proposal; (ii) furnish any non-public information to any person or group (other than a party to the Business Combination Agreement or its respective representatives) in connection with or in response to, or that would reasonably be expected to lead to, an acquisition proposal; (iii) engage, encourage or participate in discussions or negotiations with any person or group with respect to, or that would reasonably be expected to lead to, an acquisition proposal; (iv) approve, endorse or recommend, or publicly propose to approve, endorse or recommend, any acquisition proposal; (v) negotiate or enter into any letter of intent, agreement in principle, acquisition agreement or other similar agreement or arrangement related to any acquisition proposal or that would reasonably be expected to lead to an acquisition proposal; (vi) release any third person from, or waive any provision of, any confidentiality agreement to which such party is a party; (vii) otherwise knowingly encourage, facilitate, or cooperate in any way with any such inquiries; proposals, discussions, or negotiations or any effort or attempt by any person to make an alternative transaction; (viii) enter into any agreement, arrangement or understanding that would reasonably be expected to adversely affect the ability of the parties to the Business Combination Agreement or their respective affiliates to consummate the Business Combination in a timely manner; (ix) solely with respect to Legacy Kodiak, prepare or take any steps in connection with a public offering of any securities of Legacy Kodiak or any of its subsidiaries (or any affiliate or successor of Legacy Kodiak or any of its subsidiaries), other than in connection with the Business Combination; or (x) agree or otherwise commit to enter into or engage in any of the foregoing. |
| • | Each of Legacy Kodiak and AACT will notify the other as promptly as practicable (and in any event within two business days) in writing of the receipt by such party or any of its representatives of: (i) any inquiries, proposals or offers, requests for information or requests for discussions or negotiations regarding or constituting any acquisition proposal; (ii) any inquiries, proposals or offers, requests for information or requests for discussions or negotiations that would be reasonably expected to result in an acquisition proposal; and (iii) any request for non-public information relating to such party or its affiliates in connection with any acquisition proposal, specifying in each case, the material terms and conditions thereof (including a copy thereof if in writing or a written summary thereof if oral) and the identity of the party making such inquiry, proposal, offer or request for information. Each party will keep the other promptly informed of the status of any such inquiries, proposals, offers or requests for information. During the Interim Period, each party will, and will cause its representatives to, immediately cease and cause to be terminated any solicitations, discussions or negotiations with any person with respect to any acquisition proposal and will, and will direct its representatives to, cease and terminate any such solicitations, discussions or negotiations. |
| • | During the Interim Period, each of Legacy Kodiak and AACT will give prompt written notice to the other if such party or its affiliates: (i) receives any notice or other communication in writing from any third party (including any governmental authority) alleging (A) that the consent of such third party is or may be required in connection with the Business Combination or (B) any material non-compliance with any law by such party or its affiliates; (ii) receives any notice or other communication from any governmental authority in connection with the Business Combination; or (iii) becomes aware of the commencement or threat of any legal proceeding against such party or any of its affiliates, or any of their respective properties or assets, or, to the knowledge of such party, any officer, director, partner, member or manager of such party or of its affiliates, in each case, in such person’s capacity as such, with respect to the Business Combination Agreement, any Related Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement. |
| • | Subject to the terms and conditions of the Business Combination Agreement, each of Legacy Kodiak and AACT will fully cooperate with each other and use its commercially reasonable efforts, to take or cause to be taken, all actions and to do, or cause to be done, all things necessary, proper or advisable under applicable laws to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination |
Agreement (including the preparing and filing as soon as practicable all documentation to effect all necessary notices, reports and other filings). |
| • | As promptly as practicable after the execution of the Business Combination Agreement and receipt by AACT of all audited and unaudited financial statements of Legacy Kodiak that are required by applicable law to be included in the proxy statement/prospectus, Legacy Kodiak and AACT will jointly prepare, and Legacy Kodiak and AACT will jointly file with the SEC, mutually acceptable materials that will include the proxy statement to be filed with the SEC and sent to AACT shareholders relating to the extraordinary general meeting. In connection with the registration under the Securities Act of the shares of: (i) Kodiak Common Stock and Kodiak Warrants to be issued in exchange for the issued and outstanding shares of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and AACT Warrants, respectively, in the Domestication; and (ii) other than to the extent prohibited by the SEC, the shares of Kodiak Common Stock that constitute the Aggregate Consideration to be received by Legacy Kodiak securityholders, AACT and Legacy Kodiak will prepare and file with the SEC the registration statement, in which the proxy statement will be included as a prospectus. Subject to the following sentence, the AACT Board and the Special Committee may not, except as required by law, withdraw, amend, qualify or modify its recommendation to AACT shareholders that they vote in favor of the Shareholder Proposals (a “ Modification in Recommendation |
| • | Each of Legacy Kodiak, AACT and Merger Sub will use their respective commercially reasonable efforts to cause the registration statement of which this proxy statement/prospectus forms a part to comply with the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC, to have the registration statement in which this proxy statement/prospectus is included declared effective under the Securities Act as promptly as practicable after such filing and to keep the registration statement effective as long as is necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement. |
| • | Each of Legacy Kodiak and AACT will take all necessary action, including causing the directors of AACT to resign, so that effective as of the Closing, Kodiak’s board of directors will consist of seven individuals (appointed in accordance with Stock Exchange rules). The Post-Closing AACT Board will be a three-class staggered board and consist of six directors chosen by Legacy Kodiak and one director chosen by the Sponsor (the “ Sponsor Director |
| • | Each of Legacy Kodiak and AACT agree that for a period of six years from the Closing Date, each party will, and will cause AACT and Kodiak OpCo to, maintain in effect, in favor of any individual who, at or prior to the Closing, was a director (or equivalent) or officer or employee of AACT or Legacy Kodiak (each, a “ D&O Indemnified Party |
| • | Unless otherwise approved in writing by each of Legacy Kodiak and AACT, none of Legacy Kodiak, Merger Sub, or AACT will (i) enter into any additional PIPE Subscription Agreements or (ii) with |
respect to any PIPE Subscription Agreement, amend, modify, supplement, waive or terminate, or agree or provide consent to amend, modify, supplement, waive or terminate any provision or remedy under, or any replacement of, such PIPE Subscription Agreement, other than, in each case, any assignment or transfer contemplated in such PIPE Agreement or expressly permitted by such PIPE Subscription Agreement (without any further amendment, modification or waiver to such assignment or transfer provision). Following execution of any PIPE Subscription Agreement, each of AACT and Legacy Kodiak will use its reasonable best efforts to take, or to cause to be taken, all actions required or necessary, or that it otherwise deems to be proper or advisable, to consummate the transactions contemplated by such PIPE Subscription Agreement on the terms described in such PIPE Subscription Agreement. |
| • | Each of Legacy Kodiak, AACT and Merger Sub acknowledge and agree for U.S. federal, and applicable state and local income tax purposes that, among other things, the Domestication and Merger are each intended to qualify as a “reorganization” described in Section 368(a) of the Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated under Section 368 of the Code, and will take the position that both so qualify, unless otherwise required by (i) a “determination” within the meaning of Section 1313(a) of the Code (or any similar or analogous law) or (ii) a change in applicable law. The parties further agree that they shall not (nor cause or permit their respective Affiliates to) knowingly take or knowingly cause to be taken, or knowingly fail to take or knowingly cause to be failed to be taken, any action, if such action or failure to act would reasonably be expected to prevent or impede the Domestication and Merger from qualifying as such. |
| • | If, prior to the Effective Time, Legacy Kodiak determines in good faith that there is a reasonable possibility that the Merger and related transactions will not satisfy the requirements of Section 368(a)(2)(E) of the Code, then with AACT’s consent (not to be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), Legacy Kodiak and AACT will cause Kodiak OpCo to be merged with and into Kodiak or a subsidiary disregarded from Kodiak for U.S. federal income tax purposes immediately after the Merger, with Kodiak or such subsidiary entity being the surviving entity of the Second Merger. In the event that AACT and Legacy Kodiak determine that the Second Merger shall occur, each of Legacy Kodiak and AACT intend that the Mergers, taken together, qualify as a “reorganization” pursuant to Section 368(a) of the Code. |
| • | Each of Legacy Kodiak and AACT agree to take certain actions in connection with certain tax obligations and tax reporting matters, including, among other things, (i) AACT will use commercially reasonable efforts to provide certain information to enable Persons that were AACT Stockholders prior to the Domestication to make certain tax elections, report certain income amounts and comply with certain applicable Treasury Regulations with respect to the Domestication and (ii) the Company will deliver to AACT certain certifications pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.1445-2(c)(3) and provide notice of such certification to the Internal Revenue Service pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.897-2(h)(2). |
| • | The requisite approval of Legacy Kodiak’s Stockholders will have been obtained. |
| • | The requisite approval of AACT’s Stockholders will have been obtained. |
| • | Any applicable waiting period or any extension of any applicable waiting period under the HSR Act in respect of the Business Combination will have expired or been earlier terminated without imposition of burdensome conditions. |
| • | No governmental authority will have enacted, issued, promulgated, enforced or entered any law (whether temporary, preliminary or permanent) or order that is then in effect and which has the effect of making the Business Combination illegal or which otherwise prevents or prohibits the Business Combination. |
| • | The registration statement will have been declared effective under the Securities Act by the SEC and will remain effective as of the Closing. No stop order or similar order suspending the effectiveness of the registration statement will have been issued and be in effect with respect to the registration statement. No proceedings for that purpose will have been initiated or threatened by the SEC and not withdrawn. |
| • | The shares of Kodiak Common Stock to be issued in connection with the Business Combination will be conditionally approved for listing upon the Closing on a Stock Exchange subject to any requirement to have a sufficient number of round lot holders of the Kodiak Common Stock. |
| • | (i) The representations and warranties related to AACT’s organization and standing, authorization, capitalization and information supplied (the “ AACT Fundamental Representations de minimis |
| • | AACT and Merger Sub will have performed in all material respects all of their respective obligations and complied in all material respects with all of their respective agreements and covenants under the Business Combination Agreement to be performed or complied with by it on or prior to the Closing Date. |
| • | No AACT Material Adverse Effect will have occurred with respect to AACT or Merger Sub since the Signing Date that is continuing. |
| • | The Domestication will have been completed as provided in the Business Combination Agreement and a time-stamped copy of the certificate issued by the Secretary of State of Delaware in relation thereto will have been delivered to Legacy Kodiak. |
| • | AACT will have made appropriate arrangements to have the Trust Account available to AACT for payment of amounts to be paid pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement. |
| • | AACT will have delivered to Legacy Kodiak a certificate, signed by an executive officer of AACT and dated as of the Closing Date, certifying as to the matters described in the Business Combination Agreement. |
| • | AACT will have delivered to Legacy Kodiak a certificate, dated the Closing Date, signed by the secretary or other executive officer of AACT in such capacity, certifying as to the validity and effectiveness of, and attaching: (i) copies of Kodiak’s and Merger Sub’s organizational documents as in effect as of the Closing Date (after giving effect to the Domestication); and (ii) the resolutions of the AACT Board and Merger Sub’s board of directors authorizing and approving the execution, delivery and performance of the Business Combination Agreement and each Transaction Document to which AACT is a party or is bound, and the consummation of the Business Combination. |
| • | AACT will have delivered, or caused to be delivered, the A&R Registration Rights Agreement, duly executed by AACT and the Sponsor. |
| • | (i) The representations and warranties relating to Legacy Kodiak’s organization and standing, authorization, capitalization, subsidiaries and investments, Investment Company Act status, finders and brokers and information supplied (the “ Legacy Kodiak Fundamental Representations |
| • | Legacy Kodiak will have performed in all material respects all of its obligations and complied in all material respects with all of the agreements and covenants under the Business Combination Agreement to be performed or complied with by it on or prior to the Closing Date. |
| • | No Legacy Kodiak Material Adverse Effect will have occurred with respect to Legacy Kodiak since the Signing Date that is continuing. |
| • | Legacy Kodiak will have delivered to AACT a certificate, signed by an executive officer of Legacy Kodiak and dated as of the Closing Date, certifying as to the matters described in the Business Combination Agreement. |
| • | Legacy Kodiak will have delivered to AACT a certificate, signed by Legacy Kodiak’s secretary or other executive officer in such capacity, certifying as to the validity and effectiveness of, and attaching: (i) copies of Legacy Kodiak’s organizational documents as in effect as of the Closing Date (immediately prior to the Closing); and (ii) the requisite resolutions of the Legacy Kodiak Board authorizing and approving the execution, delivery and performance of the Business Combination Agreement and each Transaction Document to which Legacy Kodiak is or is required to be a party or bound, and the consummation of the Business Combination. |
| • | if the Extension will not have been obtained prior to April 25, 2025 (as the Extension has been obtained, this termination right no longer applies for Legacy Kodiak or AACT); |
| • | if any of the conditions to the Closing set forth in Article VIII of the Business Combination Agreement have not been satisfied or waived on or prior to January 26, 2026, or such other date as may be agreed in writing by AACT and Legacy Kodiak (the “ Outside Date |
| • | if a governmental authority of competent jurisdiction will have issued an order or law or taken any other action permanently restraining, enjoining or otherwise prohibiting the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, and such order, law or other action has become final and non-appealable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the right to terminate the Business Combination Agreement as a result of any such order, law or action taken is not available to a party if the failure by such party or its affiliates to comply with any provision of the Business Combination Agreement has been a substantial cause of, or substantially resulted in, such action by such governmental authority. |
| • | if, at any time prior to the receipt of the requisite AACT shareholder approval, there has been a Modification in Recommendation; |
| • | if the approval of the Condition Precedent Proposals has not have been obtained by reason of the failure to obtain the required vote at the AACT shareholders’ meeting duly convened or at any adjournment or postponement; or |
| • | if: (i) there has been a breach by AACT or Merger Sub of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in the Business Combination Agreement, or if any representation or warranty of AACT or Merger Sub will have become untrue or inaccurate, in any case, which would result in a failure of a condition set forth in the Business Combination Agreement to be satisfied (treating the Closing Date for such purposes as the Signing Date or, if later, the date of such breach); and (ii) the breach or inaccuracy is incapable of being cured or is not cured within the earlier of: (A) 20 days after written notice of such breach or inaccuracy is provided to AACT; or (B) prior to the Outside Date. Legacy Kodiak will not have the right to terminate the Business Combination Agreement as a result of any such breach by AACT or Merger Sub if at such time Legacy Kodiak is in material breach of the Business Combination Agreement. |
| • | if (i) there has been a breach by Legacy Kodiak of any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in the Business Combination Agreement, or if any representation or warranty of Legacy Kodiak will have become untrue or inaccurate, in any case, which would result in a failure of a condition set forth in the Business Combination Agreement to be satisfied (treating the Closing Date for such purposes as the Signing Date or, if later, the date of such breach); and (ii) the breach or inaccuracy is incapable of being cured or is not cured within the earlier of: (A) 20 days after written notice of such breach or inaccuracy is provided to Legacy Kodiak; or (B) prior to the Outside Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, AACT will not have the right to terminate the Business Combination Agreement as a result of any such breach by Legacy Kodiak if at such time AACT or Merger Sub is in material breach of the Business Combination Agreement; |
| • | if Company Support Agreements, duly executed by the requisite stockholders and Legacy Kodiak had not been executed and delivered by Legacy Kodiak and such requisite stockholders. Such Company Support Agreements were executed and delivered shortly after the signing of the Business Combination Agreement (as such Company Support Agreements have been executed and delivered to AACT, this termination right no longer applies for AACT); or |
| • | if the requisite stockholders have not duly executed a written consent adopting the Business Combination Agreement and approving the Business Combination on or before two business days following the effectiveness, filing and distribution of the registration statement. Notwithstanding, AACT will not have the right to terminate the Business Combination Agreement for a failure to deliver the written consent adopting the Business Combination Agreement and approving the Business Combination once such Written Consent has been duly executed by the requisite stockholders and received by AACT. |
| (i) | in favor of the Business Combination (and any actions required in furtherance of the Business Combination); |
| (ii) | in favor of the other matters set forth in the Business Combination Agreement; |
| (iii) | against any alternative transaction and any and all other proposals, (x) that could reasonably be expected to delay or impair the ability of Legacy Kodiak to consummate the transactions; (y) which are in competition with or materially inconsistent with the Business Combination Agreement or any other Transaction Document; or (z) that would reasonably be expected to result in any breach of any representation, warranty, covenant, obligation or agreement contained in the Business Combination Agreement or any Related Agreement; and |
| (iv) | any other action or proposal involving Legacy Kodiak that is intended, or would reasonably be expected, to prevent, impede, interfere with, delay, postpone or adversely affect the Business |
| Combination or would reasonably be expected to result in any of the conditions to the AACT’s obligations to consummate the transactions set forth in the Business Combination Agreement to not be fulfilled. |
| (i) | in favor of each Shareholder Proposal; |
| (ii) | against any alternative transaction or any proposal relating to an alternative transaction (in each case, other than the Shareholder Proposals); |
| (iii) | against any merger agreement or merger (other than the Business Combination Agreement and the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement), consolidation, combination sale of substantial assets, reorganization, recapitalization, dissolution, liquidation or winding up of or by AACT; |
| (iv) | against any change in the business, management or the AACT Board (other than in connection with the Shareholder Proposals or pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement or the agreements and instruments contemplated thereby or otherwise related to the transactions contemplated therein); and |
| (v) | against any proposal, action or agreement that would (i) impede, interfere, frustrate, prevent or nullify any provision of the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Business Combination Agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby, (ii) result in a breach in any respect of any covenant, representation, warranty or any other obligation or agreement of AACT under the Business Combination Agreement, (iii) result in any of the closing conditions set forth in the Business Combination Agreement not being fulfilled, (iv) result in a breach of any covenant, representation or warranty or other obligation or agreement of the Sponsor contained in the Sponsor Support Agreement or (v) change in any manner the dividend policy or capitalization of, including the voting rights of any AACT Ordinary Shares. |
| • | a differentiated and sustainable business model with a defensible market position; |
| • | strong people, processes and culture; |
| • | attractive growth prospects, including an ability to capitalize on positive secular tailwinds; |
| • | sufficient scale and resources to achieve a successful transition into the public market; |
| • | anticipated benefits from having a public currency to enhance the ability to grow organically or through M&A; and |
| • | anticipated benefits from Ares’ relationships and deep value creation capabilities. |
| • | Size of the Total Addressable Market |
| • | Differentiated Technology Platform AI-driven software and modular hardware platform creates a single autonomous driver capable of working across a variety of all deployments. |
| • | Compelling Industry Tailwinds |
• |
Contract with Atlas |
| • | Attractive Valuation Summary of Lincoln’s Financial Analysis |
| • | Industry-leading Management Team |
| • | Fairness Opinion of the Financial Advisor to the Special Committee |
excluded the Earn Out Securities, to be paid by AACT in the Business Combination. Lincoln subsequently confirmed its opinion in writing. The AACT Board also considered that the Special Committee had received a fairness opinion from Lincoln. |
| • | Modification in Recommendation The Business Combination Proposal Modification in Recommendation |
| • | Lockup |
| • | Due Diligence |
| • | Other Alternatives |
| • | Shareholder Approval |
| • | Negotiated Transaction |
| • | Special Committee Recommendation |
| • | Limited Commercialization of Legacy Kodiak’s Solution and Related Business Risks non-autonomous vehicles and vehicle operation; |
(iv) macroeconomic and geopolitical risks, including on supply chains of Legacy Kodiak’s suppliers that depend on components sourced from overseas markets, such as tariffs; (v) risks associated with flaws or misuse of AV technology, whether by Legacy Kodiak or third parties, and the adverse effects on Legacy Kodiak’s business that may result from such events. |
| • | Absence of Discounted Cash Flow Analysis or Multiples-Based Analysis |
| • | Intellectual Property Risks |
| • | Benefits May Not Be Achieved |
| • | Redemption Risk |
| • | Closing Conditions |
| • | Listing Risks |
| • | Litigation |
| • | Fees and Expenses |
| • | Other Risks Risk Factors |
| • | reviewed the following documents: |
| • | audited financial statements for Legacy Kodiak as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (the “ Audited Historical Financials |
| • | unaudited internal financial statements for Legacy Kodiak as of and for the nine-months ended September 30, 2024, in each case, provided to us by Legacy Kodiak (together with the Audited Historical Financials, the “ Historical Financials |
| • | the pro forma equity ownership table of AACT and an estimated Business Combination sources and uses schedule provided to us on behalf of AACT (the “ Capitalization Model |
| • | the Kodiak Driver-as-a-Service |
| • | a draft of the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of April 12, 2025; |
| • | Legacy Kodiak’s Investor Presentation dated April 2025; |
| • | other documents relating to the history, past and current operations, financial condition, and probable future outlook of Legacy Kodiak provided to us by the management of each of Legacy Kodiak and AACT; |
| • | discussed the business, financial outlook and prospects of Legacy Kodiak and its addressable market, as well as the terms and circumstances surrounding the Transactions, with management of Legacy Kodiak and AACT; |
| • | reviewed certain financial and other information for Legacy Kodiak, and compared that data and information with certain financial and corresponding data and information for companies with publicly traded securities that we deemed relevant, none of which was directly comparable to Legacy Kodiak; |
| • | reviewed certain financial and other information for Legacy Kodiak and the Business Combination, and compared that data and information with certain financial and corresponding data and information for companies that have been subject to change of control M&A transactions and capital raise transactions that we deemed relevant, none of which was directly comparable to Legacy Kodiak and the Business Combination; and |
| • | considered such other information and financial, economic and market criteria and analyses that we deemed relevant. |
| • | relied upon and assumed the accuracy and completeness of all of the financial, accounting, legal, tax and other information Lincoln reviewed, and Lincoln did not assume any responsibility for the independent verification of, nor independently verified, any of such information; |
| • | relied upon the assurances of the management of AACT that to AACT’s knowledge, when delivered to Lincoln, the information provided to Lincoln was complete and correct in all material respects and did not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make such statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which such statement was made; |
| • | assumed that the Historical Financials and the Capitalization Model provided to Lincoln were reasonably prepared in good faith on a basis reflecting the best currently reasonably available estimates and judgments of the management of AACT and, to AACT’s knowledge, Legacy Kodiak, as applicable, as to the financial condition, operating performance and financial results of Legacy Kodiak and the current and future assets, liabilities and financial condition of AACT, pro forma for the Business Combination and as of the effective date of the Business Combination, as applicable, and that the assumptions supporting the Capitalization Model were, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, the best currently reasonably available. Lincoln assumed no responsibility for and expressed no opinion on the assumptions, estimates and judgments on which the Capitalization Model was based. |
| • | assumed that the Business Combination would be consummated in a timely manner that complied in all respects with all applicable federal and state statutes, rules and regulations; |
| • | assumed that in the course of obtaining any necessary regulatory and third-party consents, approvals and agreements for the Business Combination, no modification, delay, limitation, restriction, or condition would be imposed that would have an adverse effect on AACT, Legacy Kodiak or the Business Combination; |
| • | assumed that the Business Combination would be consummated in accordance with the terms outlined by AACT, in the Business Combination Agreement and in other documents made available to Lincoln, without waiver, modification or amendment of any term, condition or agreement in the Business Combination Agreement that was material to Lincoln’s analysis; |
| • | assumed that there was no material change in the assets, liabilities, business, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, or prospects of Legacy Kodiak or AACT since the date the most recent information was made available to Lincoln; |
| • | assumed that the final terms of the Business Combination would not vary materially from those set forth in the copies or drafts, as applicable, reviewed by Lincoln; and |
| • | assumed that the final versions of all documents (including the Business Combination Agreement) reviewed by Lincoln conformed in all material respects to the drafts reviewed by Lincoln. |
Selected Public Company |
Enterprise Value ($ in millions) | |
Aurora Innovation, Inc. |
$10,349 | |
Pony AI Inc. |
$991 | |
WeRide Inc. |
$2,117 | |
Aptiv PLC |
$17,500 | |
HL Mando Corporation |
$2,259 | |
Luminar Technologies, Inc. |
$505 | |
Mobileye Global Inc. |
$9,361 | |
Mean |
$6,155 | |
Median |
$2,259 |
Date Closed |
Target |
Lead Investors |
Pre-Money Valuation ($ in millions) | |||
2Q 2025 (1) |
Einride AB | N/A – Rumored IPO | ~$5,000 | |||
March 2025 (1 ) |
Applied Intuition, Inc. | Kleiner Perkins | ~$15,000 (2) | |||
October 2024 |
Waymo LLC | Alphabet | $39,400 | |||
October 2024 |
Outrider Technologies, Inc. | New Enterprise Associates & Koch Disruptive Technologies | N/A | |||
August 2024 |
Cruise LLC | N/A | N/A | |||
August 2024 |
Gatik Inc. | N/A | N/A | |||
May 2024 |
Motional AD Inc. | Hyundai Motors Group | $3,620 | |||
November 2023 |
May Mobility, Inc. | NTT Communications | $625 | |||
August 2023 |
Helm.AI Inc. | Freeman Group | $400 | |||
March 2023 |
Phantom AI, Inc. | InterVest Co., Ltd. | $165 | |||
Mean |
$8,202 | |||||
Median |
$2,123 |
(1) |
Represents announced date of the transactions. |
(2) |
Represents post-money valuation. Pre-money valuation figure is not publicly disclosed. |
| • | Legacy Kodiak’s directors and executive officers are expected to become directors and/or executive officers of Kodiak upon the completion of the Business Combination. Specifically, the following individuals who are currently executive officers of Legacy Kodiak are expected to become executive officers of Kodiak upon the completion of the Business Combination, serving in the offices set forth opposite their names below. |
Name |
Position | |
Don Burnette |
Chief Executive Officer and Director | |
Eric Chow |
Chief Financial Officer | |
Jordan Coleman |
Chief Legal and Policy Officer | |
Zsuzsanna Major |
Chief People Officer | |
Andreas Wendel |
Chief Technology Officer | |
Michael Wiesinger |
Chief Operating Officer |
• |
In addition, the following individuals who are currently directors of Legacy Kodiak are expected to become directors of Kodiak upon the Closing: Don Burnette, Mohamed Elshenawy, Kenneth Goldman, James Reed, Kristin Sverchek, and Scott Tobin. |
• |
Certain of Legacy Kodiak’s executive officers hold Legacy Kodiak Options to purchase shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock, which will be assumed and converted into Exchanged Kodiak Options (as defined below) upon the completion of the Business Combination and will receive Earn Out RSUs. The treatment of such equity awards in connection with the Business Combination is described in the section entitled “ The Business Combination Proposal—Business Combination Agreement——Business Combination Consideration non-employee directors as of July 17, 2025, is set forth in the table below. |
Name |
Vested Exchanged Kodiak Stock Options |
Unvested Exchanged Kodiak Stock Options |
||||||
Named Executive Officers |
5,585,614 |
3,662,844 |
||||||
All Executive Officers as a Group |
12,457,029 |
7,185,053 |
||||||
Non-Employee Directors |
1,017,640 |
663,658 |
||||||
| • | Certain executive officers of Legacy Kodiak hold shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock, the treatment of which is described in the section entitled “ The Business Combination Proposal—Business Combination Agreement—Business Combination Consideration |
• |
The following non-employee directors of Legacy Kodiak have a direct or indirect ownership interest in Legacy Kodiak Common Stock: Mohamed Elshenawy, Kenneth Goldman, James Reed, Kristin Sverchek, and Scott Tobin. |
• |
The Sponsor (including certain of AACT’s officers and directors who are members of the Sponsor) has invested in AACT an aggregate of $14,325,000, consisting of the $25,000 purchase price for 12,500,000 AACT Class B Ordinary Shares and the $14.3 million purchase price for 14,300,000 Private Placement Warrants. Some of AACT’s officers and directors have an indirect economic interest in such shares. In connection with the Extension, the Sponsor converted all of its AACT Class B Ordinary Shares into Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares. Assuming a trading price of $11.38 per AACT Class A Ordinary Share and $1.45 per Public Warrant (based upon the respective closing prices of the AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and the Public Warrants on the NYSE on July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus), the 12,500,000 Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and 14,300,000 Private Placement Warrants, in each case if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have an implied aggregate market value of $163.0 million. However, given such shares of Kodiak Common Stock will be subject to lockup restrictions, we believe such shares currently have less value. Even if the trading price of the Public Shares were as low as $1.15 per share, the aggregate market value of the Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares alone (without taking into account the value of the Private Placement Warrants) would be approximately equal to the initial investment in AACT by the Sponsor. As a result, if the Business Combination is completed, the Sponsor is likely to be able to make a substantial profit on its investment in AACT at a time when the AACT Class A Ordinary Shares have lost significant value. On the other hand, if the Business Combination is not approved and AACT is unable to complete another business combination within the Combination Period, the Sponsor may lose its entire investment in AACT. |
| • | The Sponsor purchased 14,300,000 Private Placement Warrants for $14.3 million, or $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, in a private placement that closed simultaneously with the IPO. Certain of AACT’s officers and directors have an indirect economic interest in such Private Placement Warrants. If the Business Combination Proposal is not approved and AACT does not consummate a business combination within the Combination Period, then the proceeds from the sale of the Private Placement Warrants will be part of the liquidating distribution to the public shareholders and the warrants held by the Sponsor may be worthless. |
| • | The Sponsor may lose its entire investment in AACT if the Business Combination Proposal is not approved and AACT does not complete another business combination by January 26, 2026, or such earlier date as the AACT Board may approve or such later date as the shareholders may approve in accordance with the Memorandum and Articles of Association. If AACT is unable to complete an initial business combination within the Combination Period, AACT will as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the Public Shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (net of taxes paid or payable, if any and up to $100,000 of interest to pay liquidation expenses), divided by the number of the then-outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish Public Shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidation distributions, if any), subject to our obligations under Cayman |
Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and other requirements of applicable law. In such event, the 12,500,000 Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares purchased by the Sponsor for $25,000 and the 14,300,000 Private Placement Warrants purchased by the Sponsor for $14.3 million may be worthless. |
• |
Prior to the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, the Sponsor Affiliate Investor provided $10.0 million of financing to Legacy Kodiak in the form of a SAFE. In addition, concurrently with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, the Sponsor Affiliate Investor entered into the Second Lien Loan and Security Agreement with Legacy Kodiak to provide $20.0 million of financing in the form of Second Lien Loans. In connection with entering the Second Lien Loan and Security Agreement, and immediately prior to the execution and delivery of the Business Combination Agreement, the Sponsor Affiliate Investor exchanged its $10.0 million SAFE for the Exchanged SAFE Loan. In connection with the Closing, $20.0 million of the Second Lien Loans provided by the Sponsor Affiliate Investor will automatically convert into Second Lien Conversion Shares and will subsequently convert into shares of Kodiak Common Stock. The number of shares of Kodiak Common Stock ultimately received upon conversion of the Second Lien Loans shall be based on the Second Lien Conversion Price. In addition, at the Sponsor Affiliate Investor’s option, the Exchanged SAFE Loan will be convertible into Second Lien Conversion Shares and subsequently into shares of Kodiak Common Stock at a price based on the Second Lien Conversion Price prior to Closing. Assuming the full conversion of all $20.0 million of Second Lien Loans held by the Sponsor Affiliate Investor (including accrued and unpaid interest through July 17, 2025 and excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan), such shares of Kodiak Common Stock, if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have an aggregate market value of $25.9 million based upon the closing price of $11.38 per AACT Class A Ordinary Share on the NYSE on July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. Assuming the full conversion of the $10.0 million of Exchanged SAFE Loan (and including accrued and unpaid interest through July 17, 2025), such shares of Kodiak Common Stock, if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have an aggregate market value of $12.9 million based upon the closing price of $11.38 per AACT Class A Ordinary Share on the NYSE on July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. We expect the Exchanged SAFE Loan, together with accrued and unpaid interest, to be repaid in cash at maturity on October 1, 2026. |
| • | The Sponsor and AACT’s directors and officers have agreed not to redeem any of the AACT Ordinary Shares held by them in connection with a shareholder vote to approve the Business Combination. |
| • | The Sponsor and AACT’s officers and directors have agreed to waive their rights to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to the AACT Ordinary Shares (other than Public Shares) held by them if AACT fails to consummate an initial business combination within the Combination Period. |
| • | The Sponsor and AACT’s officers and certain directors may lose their entire investment in AACT and may not be reimbursed for loans extended, fees due or out-of-pocket expenses outstanding out-of-pocket expenses |
| • | If the Trust Account is liquidated, including in the event AACT is unable to complete an initial business combination within the required time period, the Sponsor has agreed to indemnify AACT to ensure that the proceeds in the Trust Account are not reduced below $10.10 per Public Share, or such lesser per Public Share amount as is in the Trust Account on the liquidation date, by the claims of prospective target businesses with which AACT has entered into an acquisition agreement or claims of any third party for services rendered or products sold to AACT, but only if such a vendor or target business has not executed a waiver of all rights to seek access to the Trust Account. |
| • | AACT’s independent directors will continue to receive director fees paid in cash, as described in the AACT Annual Report. |
| • | AACT’s existing officers and directors will be eligible for continued indemnification and continued coverage under a tail directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy for a period of six years after the Business Combination. |
• |
Beginning April 25, 2025, the Sponsor commenced making monthly Contributions of $1.0 million each month, up to a maximum aggregate amount of $9.9 million. The Contributions are paid on the 25th day of each month (or if such day is not a business day, on the business day immediately preceding such day) until the Maturity Date. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor has made $3.9 million of Contributions. Kodiak will reimburse the Sponsor for the Contributions upon Closing. If the proposed Business Combination does not close, 50% of the Contributions will be an obligation of Legacy Kodiak and 50% will be an obligation of AACT. AACT may use a portion of proceeds held outside the Trust Account to repay the Sponsor for 50% of the Contributions, but no proceeds held in the Trust Account may be used to repay the Sponsor for such amounts. |
| • | The Sponsor has extended Overfunding Loans in an aggregate outstanding principal amount of $5.0 million to AACT. The Overfunding Loans will, in the Sponsor’s discretion, be repaid upon the Closing or converted into Kodiak Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant (or any combination of repayment or conversion). Any such warrants will be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. The Overfunding Loans were extended to ensure that the amount in the Trust Account was $10.10 per public share. If AACT does not complete the Business Combination or another initial business combination, AACT will not repay the Overfunding Loans from amounts held in the Trust Account, and the Trust Account proceeds will be distributed to the Public Shareholders, subject to the limitations described in this proxy statement/prospectus; however, AACT may repay the Overfunding Loans if there are funds available outside the Trust Account to do so. |
| • | In order to finance transaction costs in connection with a business combination, the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor has provided AACT with Working Capital Loans (separate from the Overfunding Loans). The Working Capital Loans will, in the Sponsor’s discretion, either be repaid upon the Closing or converted into Kodiak Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant (or any combination of repayment or conversion). Any such warrants will be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. If AACT does not complete the Business Combination or another initial business combination, AACT will not repay the Working Capital Loans from amounts held in the Trust Account, and the Trust Account proceeds will be distributed to the Public Shareholders, subject to the limitations described in this proxy statement/prospectus; however, AACT may repay the Working Capital Loans if there are funds available outside the Trust Account to do so. As of date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor has provided an aggregate of $1.2 million in Working Capital Loans to AACT. |
| • | AMCM, an affiliate of the Sponsor, will receive as a deferred IPO advisory fee in the amount of $2.8 million in connection with the Closing. |
| • | Pursuant to the A&R Registration Rights Agreement, the Sponsor will have customary registration rights, including demand and piggy-back rights, subject to cooperation and cut-back provisions with respect to the Kodiak Common Stock and Kodiak Warrants held by it following the consummation of the Business Combination. |


| (1) | American Transportation Research Institute, An analysis of the Operational Costs of Trucking: 2024: Update, June 2024 (“ ATRI Report |

| (1) | The assumed operational information is presented for illustrative purposes and may not reflect the actual output in a given period, or at all. |
| (2) | ATRI Report. Data as of 2023. Average Annual Cost of a Human Driver calculated by adding 2023 Driver Wages and Benefits which totals to $38.90 x Target Daily Operational Hours 24 x Target Operational Days per Year 365. |

| (1) | Based on data from the American Transportation Research Institute. Total Class 8 trucks are as of 2021. |
Sources |
Uses |
|||||||||
($ in millions) |
($ in millions) |
|||||||||
AACT’s Cash-in-Trust (1) |
$ |
560 |
Legacy Kodiak Equity Rollover |
$ |
2,500 |
|||||
PIPE Investment (2) |
100 |
Cash to Balance Sheet (5) |
610 |
|||||||
Sponsor (3) |
71 |
Sponsor |
71 |
|||||||
Legacy Kodiak Equity Rollover (4) |
2,500 |
Estimated Transaction Expenses (6) |
50 |
|||||||
Total Sources |
$ |
3,231 |
Total Uses |
$ |
3,231 |
|||||
(1) |
AACT total cash in trust as of July 17, 2025. |
(2) |
Assumes (i) completion of the contemplated $100.0 million PIPE Investment; and (ii) that 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at the Redemption Price and 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at 90% of the Redemption Price. As of July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, PIPE Investors have subscribed for $60.0 million of PIPE Stock. |
| (3) | Excludes 50% or 6,250,000 of the Sponsor’s 12,500,000 Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, which are Sponsor Earn Out Securities subject to vesting upon the occurrence of Triggering Event I during the Earn Out Period. |
(4) |
Includes (i) 56,562,426 shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock underlying Legacy Kodiak Options, which will automatically convert, on a one-for-one basis, into Exchanged Kodiak Options at Closing; (ii) 30,331,223 shares issuable upon conversion of all SAFEs and 3,353,248 shares issuable upon conversion of all Second Lien Loans (excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan) into shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock immediately prior to the Closing; and (iii) 2,104,844 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable in respect of Legacy Kodiak Warrants that are expected to vest and be net exercised immediately prior to the Closing. Second Lien Loans convert at a price based on the Second Lien Conversion Price and the amount converted includes all accrued and unpaid interest at the time of conversion. Excludes (i) 1,135,843 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Exchanged SAFE Loan and (ii) 75,000,000 Earn Out Securities that Legacy Kodiak Securityholders will be eligible to receive upon achievement of certain milestones during the Earn Out Period and, in the case of the Earn Out RSUs, satisfaction of certain service-based vesting requirements. Numbers may not tie due to rounding. |
| (5) | The actual amount of cash will vary depending on, among other things, actual fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Business Combination and whether Kodiak determines to repay any existing indebtedness upon the Closing. |
| (6) | Represents estimated transaction fees and expenses, the actual amount of which will vary depending on actual fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Business Combination. Excludes $12.5 million of fees payable to an advisor of Legacy Kodiak, which is expected to be satisfied by the issuance of shares of Kodiak Common Stock. |
Sources |
Uses |
|||||||||
($ in millions) |
($ in millions) |
|||||||||
AACT’s Cash-in-Trust |
$ |
0 |
Legacy Kodiak Equity Rollover |
$ |
2,500 |
|||||
PIPE Investment (1) |
100 |
Cash to Balance Sheet (4) |
50 |
|||||||
Sponsor (2) |
71 |
Sponsor |
71 |
|||||||
Legacy Kodiak Equity Rollover (3) |
2,500 |
Estimated Transaction Expenses (5) |
50 |
|||||||
Total Sources |
$ |
2,671 |
Total Uses |
$ |
2,671 |
|||||
(1) |
Assumes (i) completion of the contemplated $100.0 million PIPE Investment; and (ii) that 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at the Redemption Price and 50% of the PIPE Investment prices at 90% of the Redemption Price. As of July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, PIPE Investors have subscribed for $60.0 million of PIPE Stock. |
| (2) | Excludes 50% or 6,250,000 of the Sponsor’s 12,500,000 Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, which are Sponsor Earn Out Securities subject to vesting upon the occurrence of Triggering Event I during the Earn Out Period. |
(3) |
Includes (i) 56,562,426 shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock underlying Legacy Kodiak Options, which will automatically convert, on a one-for-one basis, into Exchanged Kodiak Options at Closing; (ii) 30,331,223 shares issuable upon conversion of all SAFEs and 3,353,248 shares issuable upon conversion of all Second Lien Loans (excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan) into shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock immediately prior to the Closing; and (iii) 2,104,844 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable in respect of Legacy Kodiak Warrants that are expected to vest and be net exercised immediately prior to the Closing. Second Lien Loans convert at a price based on a price based on the Second Lien Conversion Price and the amount converted includes all accrued payment in kind |
interest. Excludes (i) 1,135,843 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Exchanged SAFE Loan and (ii) 75,000,000 Earn Out Securities that Legacy Kodiak Securityholders will be eligible to receive upon achievement of certain milestones during the Earn Out Period and, in the case of the Earn Out RSUs, satisfaction of certain service-based vesting requirements. Numbers may not tie due to rounding. |
| (4) | The actual amount of cash used as a use of funds will vary depending on, among other things, actual fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Business Combination and whether Kodiak determines to repay any existing indebtedness upon the Closing. |
| (5) | Represents estimated transaction fees and expenses, the actual amount of which will vary depending on actual fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Business Combination. Excludes $12.5 million of fees payable to an advisor of Legacy Kodiak, which is expected to be satisfied by the issuance of shares of Kodiak Common Stock. |
| • | Legacy Kodiak stockholders will have a significant majority of the voting power of Kodiak; |
| • | the Kodiak Board will have seven members of whom one individual shall be designated by AACT and of whom six individuals shall be designated by Legacy Kodiak; |
| • | Legacy Kodiak’s senior management will comprise the senior management roles of Kodiak and be responsible for the day-to-day |
| • | the intended strategy and operations of Kodiak will continue Legacy Kodiak’s current strategy. |
| • | Prominence, Predictability and Flexibility of Delaware Law. |
legislature and courts in Delaware have demonstrated the ability and a willingness to act quickly and effectively to meet changing business needs. The DGCL is frequently revised and updated to accommodate changing legal and business needs and is more comprehensive, widely used and interpreted than other state corporate laws. This favorable corporate and regulatory environment is attractive to businesses such as ours. |
| • | Well-Established Principles of Corporate Governance. |
| • | Increased Ability to Attract and Retain Qualified Directors. |
Provision |
Delaware |
Cayman Islands | ||
Applicable legislation |
General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware | The Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands | ||
General Vote Required for Combinations with Interested Stockholders/Shareholders |
Generally, a corporation may not engage in a business combination with an interested stockholder for a period of three years after the time of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the corporation opts out of the statutory provision or the other statutory exceptions are met. | No similar provision | ||
Appraisal Rights |
Generally, a stockholder of a publicly traded corporation does not have appraisal rights in connection with a merger. Stockholders of a publicly traded corporation do, however, generally have appraisal | Under the Companies Act, minority shareholders that dissent to a merger are entitled to be paid the fair market value of their shares, which, if necessary, may ultimately be | ||
Provision |
Delaware |
Cayman Islands | ||
| rights in connection with a merger if they are required by the terms of a merger agreement to accept for their shares anything except: (a) shares or depository receipts of the corporation surviving or resulting from such merger; (b) shares of stock or depository receipts that will be either listed on a national securities exchange or held of record by more than 2,000 holders; (c) cash in lieu of fractional shares or fractional depository receipts described in (a) and (b) above; or (d) any combination of the shares of stock, depository receipts and cash in lieu of fractional shares or fractional depository receipts described in (a), (b) and (c) above. | determined by the courts of the Cayman Islands. | |||
Requirements for Stockholder/ Shareholder Approval |
Subject to the certificate of incorporation, stockholder approval of mergers, a sale of all or substantially all the assets of the corporation, dissolution and amendments of constitutional documents require a majority of outstanding shares; unless otherwise specified in the corporation’s certificate of incorporation or bylaws, most other stockholder approvals require the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares present and entitled to vote on the subject matter, provided a quorum is present. The Proposed Bylaws will provide that except as otherwise provided by law, Kodiak’s certificate of incorporation, Kodiak’s bylaws or the rules of any applicable stock exchange on which Kodiak’s securities are listed, in all matters other than the election of directors, the affirmative vote of a majority of the voting power of the shares cast affirmatively or negatively will be the act of the stockholders. | Subject to the articles of association, matters which require shareholder approval, whether under the Companies Act or the company’s articles of association, are determined (subject to quorum requirements, the Companies Act, applicable law and the relevant articles of association) by ordinary resolution, being the approval of the holders of a majority of the shares, who, being present in person, virtually or proxy and entitled to vote, vote at the meeting of shareholders or by “special resolution” (such as the amendment of the company’s constitutional documents), being the approval of the holders of at least two-thirds of the shares who, being present in person, virtually or by proxy and entitled to vote, vote at the meeting of shareholders. | ||
Provision |
Delaware |
Cayman Islands | ||
Requirement for Quorum |
Quorum is a majority of shares entitled to vote and present at the meeting unless otherwise set in the constitutional documents, but cannot be less than one-third of shares entitled to vote at the meeting. The Proposed Bylaws will provide that the holders of a majority of the voting power of Kodiak’s capital stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders, present in person or represented by proxy, will constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at all meetings of the stockholders, unless otherwise required by law, Kodiak’s certificate of incorporation, Kodiak’s bylaws or the rules of any applicable stock exchange on which Kodiak’s securities are listed. |
Quorum is set in the company’s memorandum and articles of association. | ||
Stockholder/Shareholder Consent to Action Without Meeting |
Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, stockholders may act by written consent. The Proposed Certificate of Incorporation will provide that subject to the rights of holders of Kodiak Preferred Stock, any action required or permitted to be taken by stockholders must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders and may not be effected by any consent in writing by such stockholders. | Shareholder action by written resolutions (whether unanimous or otherwise) may be permitted by the articles of association. The articles of association may provide that shareholders may not act by written resolutions. | ||
Inspection of Books and Records |
Any stockholder may inspect the corporation’s books and records for a proper purpose during the usual hours for business. | Shareholders generally do not have any rights to inspect or obtain copies of the register of members or other corporate records of a company. | ||
Stockholder/Shareholder Lawsuits |
A stockholder may bring a derivative suit subject to procedural requirements. | In the Cayman Islands, the decision to institute proceedings on behalf of a company is generally taken by the company’s board of directors. A shareholder may be entitled to bring a derivative action on behalf of the company only in certain limited circumstances (e.g., where a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires (beyond the scope of its authority); the act | ||
Provision |
Delaware |
Cayman Islands | ||
| complained of, although not ultra vires, could be effected if duly authorized by a special resolution that has not been obtained; and those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority”). | ||||
Removal of Directors |
Any director or the entire board may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors, except as follows: (1) unless the certificate of incorporation otherwise provides, in the case of a corporation with a classified board, stockholders may effect such removal only for cause; or (2) in the case of a corporation having cumulative voting, if less than the entire board is to be removed, no director may be removed without cause if the votes cast against such director’s removal would be sufficient to elect such director if then cumulatively voted at an election of the entire board. For so long as the Kodiak Board will be classified after the Closing and subject to the rights of holders of Kodiak Preferred Stock, pursuant to the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation, a director may be removed from office only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the total voting power of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the corporation entitled to vote on the election of directors, voting together as a single class. | A company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide that a director may be removed for any or no reason and that, in addition to shareholders, boards may be granted the power to remove a director. | ||
Number of Directors |
The number of directors is fixed by the Bylaws, unless the certificate of incorporation fixes the number of directors, in which case a change in the number of directors shall be made only by amendment of the certificate of incorporation. The Bylaws may provide that the board may increase the size of the board and fill any vacancies. | Subject to the memorandum and articles of association, the board may increase the size of the board and fill any vacancies. | ||
Provision |
Delaware |
Cayman Islands | ||
Classified or Staggered Boards |
Classified boards are permitted. | Classified boards are permitted. | ||
Fiduciary Duties of Directors |
Directors must exercise a duty of care and duty of loyalty, including good faith to the corporation and its stockholders. | A director owes fiduciary duties to a company, including to exercise loyalty, honesty and good faith to the company as a whole. In addition to fiduciary duties, directors owe a duty of care, diligence and skill. Such duties are owed to the company but may be owed directly to creditors or shareholders in certain limited circumstances. | ||
Indemnification of Directors and Officers |
A corporation is generally permitted to indemnify any person who was or is a party to any proceeding because such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another entity against expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred if the person acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and, with respect to any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe their conduct was unlawful. If the action was brought by or on behalf of the corporation, no indemnification is made for judgments, fines or amounts paid in settlement, and no indemnification shall be made in respect of expenses when a person is adjudged liable to the corporation unless a court determines such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for expenses the court deems proper. | A Cayman Islands exempted company generally may indemnify its directors or officers, except with regard to fraud or willful default. | ||
Limited Liability of Directors and Officers |
Permits the limiting or eliminating of the monetary liability of a director or officer to a corporation or its stockholders, except with regard to breaches of duty of loyalty, acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, or for any transaction involving an improper | Liability of directors may be limited, except with regard to their own fraud or willful default. | ||
Provision |
Delaware |
Cayman Islands | ||
| personal benefit, or for directors involving unlawful stock repurchases or dividends, or for officers involving any action by or in the right of the corporation. |
| • | to change the corporate name from “Ares Acquisition Corporation II” to “Kodiak AI, Inc.”; |
| • | to change the total number of authorized shares of capital stock from (i) 9,000,000,000 AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, 900,000,000 AACT Class B Ordinary Shares and 99,990,000 preference shares, each with a par value of $0.0001 per share, of AACT to (ii) 2,000,000,000 shares of Kodiak capital stock which consists of (A) 1,980,000,000 shares of Kodiak Common Stock and (B) 20,000,000 shares of Kodiak Preferred Stock, each with a par value of $0.0001 per share; |
| • | to amend the terms for the authorization of shares of Kodiak; |
| • | to adopt Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain litigation; |
| • | to provide that the Kodiak Board will be divided into three classes with only one class of directors being elected in each year and each class serving a three-year term; |
| • | to permit the removal of a director only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the total voting power of all then outstanding shares of Kodiak entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting as a single class; |
| • | subject to the rights of holders of Kodiak Preferred Stock, to require that any action required or permitted to be taken by stockholders of Kodiak be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders of Kodiak and to prohibit stockholder action by any consent in writing by such stockholders; |
| • | to require that certain amendments to the Proposed Organizational Documents only be made with the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the total voting power of outstanding voting securities of Kodiak, voting together as a single class; and |
| • | to authorize all other changes in connection with the replacement of the Memorandum and Articles of Association with the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation and Proposed Bylaws in connection with the Closing (copies of which are attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex D Annex E |
Memorandum and Articles of Association |
Proposed Organizational Documents | |||
Authorized Shares (Advisory Organizational Documents Proposal 5A) |
The Memorandum and Articles of Association authorize 9,000,000,000 AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, 900,000,000 AACT Class B Ordinary Shares and 99,990,000 preference shares, each with a par value of $0.0001 per share. See paragraph 5 of the Memorandum and Articles of Association. |
The Proposed Certificate of Incorporation authorizes 2,000,000,000 shares of capital stock consisting of (i) 1,980,000,000 shares of Kodiak Common Stock and (ii) 20,000,000 shares of Kodiak Preferred Stock, each with a par value of $0.0001 per share. See Article IV, Section 1 of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation. |
Memorandum and Articles of Association |
Proposed Organizational Documents | |||
Exclusive Forum Provision (Advisory Organizational Documents Proposal 5B) |
The Memorandum and Articles of Association, unless AACT consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, adopt the courts of the Cayman Islands as the exclusive jurisdiction over any claim or dispute arising out of or in connection with the Memorandum and Articles of Association. These provisions are inapplicable to claims seeking to enforce any liability or duty created by the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, or any other claim for which the U.S. federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. See Article 52 of the Memorandum and Articles of Association. |
The Proposed Organizational Documents adopt (i) Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain litigation and (ii) the federal district courts of the United States as the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause or causes of action arising under the Securities Act. These provisions are inapplicable to claims seeking to enforce any liability or duty created by the Exchange Act; and any other claim for which the U.S. federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. See Article IX, Section 9.5 of the Proposed Bylaws. | ||
Removal of Directors (Advisory Organizational Documents Proposal 5C) |
The Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that prior to the closing of a business combination, shareholders may remove any director by an ordinary resolution of the holders of AACT Ordinary Shares, being the affirmative vote of holders of a simple majority of AACT Ordinary Shares represented in person, virtually or by proxy and entitled to vote at a general meeting and who vote at the general meeting. See Articles 29.1 of the Memorandum and Articles of Association. |
For so long as the Kodiak Board is classified and subject to the rights of holders of Kodiak Preferred Stock, the Proposed Organizational Documents permit the removal of a director only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the total voting power of all then-issued and outstanding shares of Kodiak capital stock entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting as a single class. See Article VI, Section 1 of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation. | ||
Action by Written Consent of Stockholders (Advisory Organizational Documents Proposal 5D) |
The Memorandum and Articles of Association permit shareholders to approve matters by unanimous written resolution of all of the shareholders entitled to receive notice of and to attend and vote at general meetings. See Article 22.3 of the Memorandum and Articles of Association. |
Subject to the rights of holders of Kodiak Preferred Stock, the Proposed Organizational Documents require that any action taken by the stockholders be effected at an annual or special meeting and prohibit stockholder action by written consent in lieu of a meeting. See Article VIII, Section 1 of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation and Article II, Section 2.10 of the Proposed Bylaws. | ||
Memorandum and Articles of Association |
Proposed Organizational Documents | |||
Adoption of Supermajority Vote Requirement to Amend the Proposed Organizational Documents (Advisory Organizational Documents Proposal 5E) |
The Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that amendments may be made by a special resolution under the Companies Act, being the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the AACT Ordinary Shares represented in person, virtually or by proxy and entitled to vote at an extraordinary general meeting and who vote at the extraordinary general meeting.See Article 18.3 of the Memorandum and Articles of Association. |
The Proposed Certificate of Incorporation will require, in addition to the vote of any holders of any class or classes or series of the stock of Kodiak required by law or by the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation, the Kodiak Board acting pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of all of the directors then serving on the Kodiak Board and the affirmative vote of 66 2/3% of the voting power of the then outstanding voting securities of Kodiak entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, to amend, repeal or modify provisions of Section 3 of Article IV, Article V, Article VI, Article VII, Article VIII, Article XI or Article XII of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation. See Article XI, Section 1 of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation. The Proposed Certificate of Incorporation permits the Kodiak Board to adopt, alter, amend or repeal the Proposed Bylaws without the consent or vote of the stockholders of Kodiak. The affirmative vote of at least a majority of all of the directors then serving on the Kodiak Board shall be required in order for the Kodiak Board to adopt, alter, amend or repeal the Proposed Bylaws. See Article VII, Section 3 of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation. | ||
Adoption of Supermajority Vote Requirement to Amend the Proposed Organizational Documents (Cont.) (Advisory Organizational Documents Proposal 5E) |
The Proposed Bylaws requires the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of the total voting power of the outstanding voting securities of Kodiak, voting together as a single class, for the stockholders to adopt, alter, amend or repeal any section of the Proposed Bylaws, other than Article II (Meetings of | |||
Memorandum and Articles of Association |
Proposed Organizational Documents | |||
Stockholders), Sections 3.1 (Powers), 3.2 (Number of Directors), 3.4 (Resignation and Vacancies) and 3.11 (Removal of Directors) of Article III (Directors), Article VIII (Indemnification), Section 9.5 (Forum Selection) of Article IX (General Matters) or Article X (Amendments), which may only be altered, amended or repealed by the Kodiak stockholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the total voting power of outstanding voting securities of Kodiak, voting together as a single class. See Article X of the Proposed Bylaws. |
| • | The 2025 EIP will continue until terminated by the Kodiak Board or Kodiak’s compensation committee (the “ Kodiak Compensation Committee |
| • | The 2025 EIP provides for the grant of stock options, both incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units and performance awards. |
| • | A number of shares of Kodiak Common Stock will be authorized for issuance pursuant to awards under the 2025 EIP equal to (i) shares of Kodiak Common Stock, plus (ii) any shares of Kodiak Common Stock subject to the equity awards issued under the Legacy Kodiak 2018 Equity Incentive Plan (the “ 2018 Plan |
| • | In addition, the 2025 EIP provides for an automatic share reserve increase feature, whereby the share reserve will be increased automatically on the first day of each fiscal year beginning with the 2026 fiscal year of Kodiak, in an amount equal to the least of (i) shares, (ii) a number of shares equal to five percent (5%) of the total number of shares of Kodiak Common Stock outstanding on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, and (iii) a lesser number of shares as determined by the administrator no later than the last day of Kodiak’s immediately preceding fiscal year. |
| • | The 2025 EIP will be administered by the Kodiak Board or, if designated by the Kodiak Board, the Kodiak Compensation Committee. |
Name of Individual and Positions, or Group |
Grant Date Fair Value of Stock Options ($)(1) |
Number of Shares Subject to Stock Options (#) |
||||||
Don Burnette |
— | — | ||||||
Chief Executive Officer |
||||||||
Andreas Wendel |
$ | 309,960 | 999,872 | |||||
Chief Technology Officer |
||||||||
Michael Wiesinger |
$ | 486,797 | 1,570,313 | |||||
Chief Operating Officer |
||||||||
All current executive officers, as a group (6 people) |
$ | 1,261,698 | 4,069,993 | |||||
All current non-employee directors, who are not executive officers, as a group (5 people) |
— | — | ||||||
All employees, including all current officers who are not executive officers, as a group |
$ | 5,805,458 | 18,727,284 | |||||
| (1) | Reflects the aggregate grant date fair value of the equity awards computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718. |
| (a) | banks, financial institutions or financial services entities; |
| (b) | broker-dealers; |
| (c) | taxpayers that are subject to, or who elect to apply, the mark-to-market |
| (d) | tax-exempt entities; |
| (e) | governments or agencies or instrumentalities of such governments or agencies; |
| (f) | insurance companies; |
| (g) | regulated investment companies or real estate investment trusts; |
| (h) | partnerships (including entities or arrangements treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes) or other pass-through entities (including S Corporations), or persons that will hold the AACT Securities or Kodiak Securities through such partnerships or pass-through entities; |
| (i) | U.S. expatriates or former long-term residents of the United States; |
| (j) | except as specifically provided below, persons that actually or constructively own five percent or more (by vote or value) of AACT’s shares or Kodiak’s shares; |
| (k) | persons that acquired their AACT Securities or Kodiak Securities pursuant to an exercise of employee share options, in connection with employee share incentive plans or otherwise as compensation; |
| (l) | persons that hold or sell their AACT Securities or Kodiak Securities as part of a straddle, constructive sale, hedge, synthetic security, wash sale, conversion or other integrated or similar transaction or risk reduction strategy; |
| (m) | U.S. Holders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; |
| (n) | persons subject to special tax accounting rules as a result of any item of gross income with respect to AACT Securities or Kodiak Securities being taken into account in an “applicable financial statement” (as defined in the Code); or |
| (o) | “specified foreign corporations” (including “controlled foreign corporations”), “passive foreign investment companies” or corporations that accumulate earnings to avoid U.S. federal income tax. |
| (a) | an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; |
| (b) | a corporation that is created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any state in the United States or the District of Columbia; |
| (c) | an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source; or |
| (d) | a trust if (1) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more “United States persons” (within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code) have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) it has a valid election in place to be treated as a United States person. |
| (i) | a statement that the Domestication is a Section 367(b) exchange (within the meaning of the applicable Treasury Regulations); |
| (ii) | a complete description of the Domestication; |
| (iii) | a description of any stock, securities or other consideration transferred or received in the Domestication; |
| (iv) | a statement describing the amounts required to be taken into account for U.S. federal income tax purposes; |
| (v) | a statement that the U.S. Holder is making the election described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.367(b)-3(c)(3), which must include (i) a copy of the information that the U.S. Holder received from AACT (or Kodiak) establishing and substantiating the U.S. Holder’s “all earnings and profits amount” with respect to the U.S. Holder’s AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and (ii) a representation that the U.S. Holder has notified AACT (or Kodiak) that the U.S. Holder is making the election described in Treasury Regulations Section 1.367(b)-3(c)(3); and |
| (vi) | certain other information required to be furnished with the U.S. Holder’s tax return or otherwise furnished pursuant to the Code or the Treasury Regulations. |
| (i) | AACT were classified as a PFIC at any time during such U.S. Holder’s holding period in such AACT Class A Ordinary Shares or AACT Warrants; and |
| (ii) | the U.S. Holder had not timely made (i) a QEF Election (as defined below) for the first taxable year in which the U.S. Holder owned such AACT Class A Ordinary Shares or in which AACT was a PFIC, whichever is later (or a QEF Election along with a purging election), or (ii) an MTM Election (as defined below) with respect to such AACT Class A Ordinary Shares. Under current law, neither a QEF Election nor an MTM Election can be made with respect to warrants (including AACT Warrants). |
| (a) | the U.S. Holder’s gain will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for such U.S. Holder’s AACT Class A Ordinary Shares or AACT Warrants; |
| (b) | the amount of gain allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which the U.S. Holder recognized the gain, or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holding period before the first day of the first taxable year in which AACT was a PFIC, will be taxed as ordinary income; |
| (c) | the amount of gain allocated to other taxable years (or portions of such taxable years) of the U.S. Holder and included in such U.S. Holder’s holding period would be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and applicable to the U.S. Holder; and |
| (d) | an additional tax equal to the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the U.S. Holder in respect of the tax attributable to each such other taxable year (described in the third bullet above) of such U.S. Holder. |
| (a) | a non-resident alien individual, other than certain former citizens and residents of the United States subject to U.S. tax as expatriates; |
| (b) | a foreign corporation; or |
| (c) | an estate or trust that is not a U.S. Holder. |
| (a) | the gain is effectively connected with the conduct by the Non-U.S. Holder of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such Non-U.S. Holder maintains in the United States); |
| (b) | such Non-U.S. Holder is an individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of such disposition (as such days are calculated pursuant to Section 7701(b)(3) of the Code) and certain other requirements are met; or |
| (c) | Kodiak is or has been a “United States real property holding corporation” for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time during the shorter of the five-year period ending on the date of disposition or the Non-U.S. Holder’s holding period for the applicable Kodiak Security being disposed of. |
| • | brokers, dealers or traders in securities; banks; insurance companies; other financial institutions; mutual funds; |
| • | real estate investment trusts; regulated investment companies; |
| • | tax-exempt organizations or governmental organizations; |
| • | pass-through entities such as partnerships, S corporations, disregarded entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes (and investors therein); |
| • | persons who are not Legacy Kodiak U.S. holders; |
| • | persons who are subject to the alternative minimum tax provisions of the Code; |
| • | persons who hold or sell their Legacy Kodiak Common Stock as part of a hedge, wash sale, constructive sale, synthetic security, conversion transaction, or other integrated transaction or risk reduction strategy; |
| • | persons that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar; |
| • | traders in securities who elect to apply a mark-to-market |
| • | persons who hold shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock that may constitute “qualified small business stock” under Section 1202 of the Code or as “Section 1244 stock” for purposes of Section 1244 of the Code; |
| • | persons who elect to apply the provisions of Section 1400Z-2 of the Code to any gains realized in the Merger; |
| • | persons who acquired their shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock in a transaction subject to the gain rollover provisions of Section 1045 of the Code; |
| • | persons subject to special tax accounting rules as a result of any item of gross income with respect to Legacy Kodiak Common Stock being taken into account in an “applicable financial statement” (as defined in the Code); |
| • | persons who acquired their shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock pursuant to the exercise of options or otherwise as compensation or through a tax-qualified retirement plan or through the exercise of a warrant or conversion rights under convertible instruments; |
| • | persons who acquired their shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock upon conversion of SAFEs, indebtedness or warrants; and |
| • | certain expatriates or former citizens or long-term residents of the United States. |
| • | an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; |
| • | a corporation or any other entity taxable as a corporation created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia; |
| • | a trust if (1) a U.S. court can exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more “United States persons” (within the meaning of Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code) have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) it has a valid election in place to be treated as a United States person; or |
| • | estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income tax regardless of its source. |
| • | other than as described below relating to imputed interest, Legacy Kodiak U.S. holders will not recognize gain or loss upon the exchange of their Legacy Kodiak Common Stock for Kodiak Common Stock and the Earn Out Right in the Mergers. Legacy Kodiak U.S. holders will obtain a basis in the Kodiak Common Stock they receive in the Merger (other than Earn Out Securities that are treated as imputed interest, as described below) equal to their basis in the Legacy Kodiak Common Stock exchanged therefor. For this purpose, IRS guidance indicates that at the time of the Merger, the Legacy Kodiak U.S. holder should be treated as receiving the maximum number of Earn Out Securities it could receive under the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, and that adjustments to the Legacy Kodiak U.S. holder’s tax basis in shares of Kodiak Common Stock actually received should be made if the maximum number of Earn Out Securities ultimately is not issued. Except to the extent of Earn Out Securities treated as imputed interest (as described below), the holding period of the shares of Kodiak Common Stock received by a Legacy Kodiak U.S. holder in the Merger will include the holding period of the shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock surrendered in exchange therefor; |
| • | if a Legacy Kodiak U.S. holder acquired different blocks of shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock at different times or at different prices, such holder should consult its own tax advisor regarding the manner in which its basis and holding period should be allocated among its Kodiak Common Stock in light of its specific circumstances; and |
| • | a portion of the Earn Out Securities (if any) actually received by a Legacy Kodiak U.S. holder should be characterized as ordinary interest income for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A Legacy Kodiak |
U.S. holder’s tax basis in that portion of the Earn Out Securities should be equal to the fair market value thereof on the date of receipt, and the Legacy Kodiak U.S. holder’s holding period for those Earn Out Securities (or portions thereof) should begin on the day following receipt. |
| • | the historical audited financial statements of AACT as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the historical unaudited financial statements of AACT as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2025; |
| • | the historical audited financial statements of Legacy Kodiak as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the historical unaudited financial statements of Legacy Kodiak as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2025; and |
| • | other information relating to Legacy Kodiak and AACT included in this proxy statement/prospectus, including the description of the Business Combination Agreement and the transactions contemplated in connection therewith under the section titled “ The Business Combination Proposal. |
| (A) | AACT’s name will be changed to “Kodiak AI, Inc.”; |
| (B) | each then-issued and outstanding AACT Unit will automatically be cancelled and each holder will be entitled to one share of Kodiak Common Stock and one-half of one Kodiak Warrant; |
| (C) | each then-issued and outstanding AACT Class A Ordinary Share will convert automatically into one share of Kodiak Common Stock; |
| (D) | each then-issued and outstanding Public Warrant will convert automatically into one Kodiak Warrant; and |
| (E) | each then-issued and outstanding Private Placement Warrant will convert automatically into one Kodiak Warrant. |
| (A) | the conversion of all outstanding shares of Legacy Kodiak Preferred Stock into shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock at the then-effective conversion rate as calculated pursuant to Legacy Kodiak’s certificate of incorporation; |
| (B) | the full vesting and net exercise of all outstanding Legacy Kodiak Warrants prior to the consummation of the Business Combination into shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock based on the deemed value of a share of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock immediately prior to the Closing; |
| (C) | the automatic conversion of all of Legacy Kodiak’s outstanding SAFEs into shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock according to their terms and conditions; |
(D) |
the conversion of all Second Lien Loans, excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan, into shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock at a price based on the Second Lien Conversion Price; |
| (E) | the conversion of each issued and outstanding share of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock, including shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock expected to be outstanding following the events described in subsections (A) through (D) above, to a number of shares of Kodiak Common Stock based on the Per Share Merger Consideration; and |
| (F) | the conversion of all outstanding vested and unvested Legacy Kodiak Options into Exchanged Kodiak Options exercisable for shares of Kodiak Common Stock with the same terms except for the number of shares exercisable and the exercise price, each of which will be adjusted based on the Per Share Merger Consideration. |
| (A) | holders of Kodiak Common Stock receiving a per share price equal to or in excess of the Triggering Event I Threshold, then Triggering Event I shall be deemed to occur and the relevant Earn Out Securities shall be issued or vest immediately prior to the consummation of the Change of Control; |
| (B) | holders of Kodiak Common Stock receiving a per share price equal to or in excess of the Triggering Event II Threshold, then Triggering Event II shall be deemed to occur and the relevant Earn Out Securities shall be issued or vest immediately prior to the consummation of the Change of Control; and |
| (C) | holders of Kodiak Common Stock receiving a per share price equal to or in excess of the Triggering Event III Threshold, then Triggering Event III shall be deemed to occur and the relevant Earn Out Securities shall be issued or vest immediately prior to the consummation of the Change of Control. |
1) |
AACT Share Redemption |
2) |
Sponsor Contribution |
3) |
Sponsor Class B Ordinary Share Conversion |
4) |
Sponsor Earn Out Securities |
| • | 50%, or the Sponsor Earn Out Securities, will be subject to vesting and vest upon the occurrence of Triggering Event I during the Earn Out Period; and |
| • | 50% will not be subject to any forfeiture or vesting conditions. |
5) |
Sponsor Working Capital Loan |
1) |
No Redemption Scenario |
2) |
Maximum Redemption Scenario |
| • | Legacy Kodiak stockholders will have a significant majority of the voting power of Kodiak; |
| • | The Kodiak Board will have seven members of whom one individual shall be designated by AACT and of whom six individuals shall be designated by Legacy Kodiak; |
| • | Legacy Kodiak’s senior management will comprise the senior management roles of Kodiak and be responsible for the day-to-day operations; |
| • | Legacy Kodiak is the larger entity based on historical operating activity and its larger employee base. |
| • | Sponsor Earn Out Securities – Management has preliminarily concluded the Sponsor Earn Out Securities are equity-classified instruments as they have an exercise contingency related to a single triggering event and will be indexed to the Kodiak Common Stock. |
| • | Earn Out Securities – Management has preliminarily concluded the Earn Out Securities are equity-classified instruments as the only variability in the number of shares issuable or to be issued is related to the price of Kodiak Common Stock which is an input into the valuation model and does not preclude the Earn Out Securities from being considered indexed to the Kodiak Common Stock. |
| • | Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants – These warrants were accounted for as equity instruments in the historical financial statements of AACT. Management has preliminarily concluded that equity classification for the Public Warrants and Private Placement Warrants continues to be appropriate. |
No Redemption Scenario(1) |
Maximum Redemption Scenario(1) |
|||||||||||||||
Common Stock |
% Ownership |
Common Stock |
% Ownership |
|||||||||||||
Public Shareholders(2) |
49,359,712 |
21.8 |
% |
— |
— |
% | ||||||||||
Sponsor(3) |
6,250,000 |
2.8 |
% |
6,250,000 |
3.5 |
% | ||||||||||
Legacy Kodiak Securityholders(4) |
163,701,891 |
72.4 |
% |
163,701,891 |
92.6 |
% | ||||||||||
PIPE Investors(5) |
5,775,819 |
2.5 |
% |
5,775,819 |
3.3 |
% | ||||||||||
Legacy Kodiak Advisor(6) |
1,101,321 |
0.5 |
% |
1,101,321 |
0.6 |
% | ||||||||||
Pro forma shares outstanding |
226,188,743 |
100.0 |
% |
176,829,031 |
100.0 |
% | ||||||||||
(1) |
Share ownership presented under each redemption scenario is presented for illustrative purposes. Management cannot predict how many Public Shares will be redeemed. As a result, the redemption amount and the number of Public Shares redeemed in connection with the Business Combination may differ from the amounts presented above. The ownership percentages of Public Shareholders may also differ from the presentation above if the actual redemptions are different from these assumptions. Assumes a Redemption Price of $11.35, which was the approximate Redemption Price as of July 17, 2025. |
(2) |
Ownership percentage is based on 49,359,712 Public Shares outstanding as of July 17, 2025. |
| (3) | Excludes 50% or 6,250,000 of the Sponsor’s 12,500,000 Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, which are Sponsor Earn Out Securities subject to vesting upon the occurrence of Triggering Event I during the Earn Out Period. |
(4) |
Includes (i) 127,912,576 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable for outstanding Legacy Kodiak Common and Preferred Stock as of July 17, 2025, (ii) 2,104,844 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon the full vesting and the net exercise of all outstanding Legacy Kodiak Warrants prior to the Closing based on the deemed value of a share of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock immediately prior to the Closing; and (iii) 30,331,223 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of all SAFEs and 3,353,248 shares issuable upon conversion of the Second Lien Loans, excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan, into shares of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock immediately prior to the Closing. Second Lien Loans convert at a price based on the Second Lien Conversion Price and the amount converted includes all accrued and unpaid interest at the time of conversion. Excludes 75,000,000 Earn Out Securities that Legacy Kodiak Securityholders will be eligible to receive upon satisfaction of certain milestones during the Earn Out Period. |
| (5) | Assumes completion of the committed $60.0 million PIPE Investment, with $50.0 million being purchased at 90% of the Redemption Price and $10.0 million being purchased at the Redemption Price. |
| (6) | Represents shares of Kodiak Common Stock to be issued at Closing to an advisor to Legacy Kodiak in a private placement in satisfaction of $12.5 million of fees payable to such advisor. |
No Redemption Scenario |
Maximum Redemption Scenario |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
AACT (Historical) |
Legacy Kodiak (Historical) |
AACT Capital Transactions |
Notes |
Legacy Kodiak Interim Financing |
Notes |
Transaction Accounting Adjustments (Note 3) |
Notes |
Pro Forma Combined |
Transaction Accounting Adjustments (Note 3) |
Notes |
Pro Forma Combined |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ |
657 |
$ |
17,667 |
$ |
— |
$ |
2,000 |
B1 |
$ |
(8,359 |
) |
C1 |
$ |
610,178 |
$ |
(8,359 |
) |
C1 |
$ |
56,856 |
|||||||||||||||||||||
30,340 |
B2 |
60,000 |
C5 |
60,000 |
C5 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(3,949 |
) |
C6 |
(3,949 |
) |
C6 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(5,000 |
) |
C7 |
(5,000 |
) |
C7 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(36,500 |
) |
C8 |
(36,500 |
) |
C8 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
553,322 |
D1 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Trade receivables |
— |
289 |
289 |
289 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
90 |
2,252 |
2,342 |
2,342 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total current assets |
747 |
20,208 |
32,340 |
559,514 |
612,809 |
6,192 |
59,487 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and Investments held in trust account |
556,499 |
— |
(7,126 |
) |
A1 |
(553,322 |
) |
D1 |
— |
(553,322 |
) |
E1 |
— |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3,949 |
A2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted cash |
— |
1,450 |
1,450 |
1,450 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property and equipment, net |
— |
8,690 |
8,690 |
8,690 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating lease right-of-use |
— |
6,667 |
6,667 |
6,667 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other long-term assets |
— |
195 |
195 |
195 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ |
557,246 |
$ |
37,210 |
$ |
(3,177 |
) |
$ |
32,340 |
$ |
6,192 |
$ |
629,811 |
$ |
(547,130 |
) |
$ |
76,489 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ |
— |
$ |
2,861 |
$ |
— |
$ |
— |
$ |
— |
$ |
2,861 |
$ |
— |
$ |
2,861 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
3,034 |
9,701 |
12,735 |
12,735 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Due to related party |
59 |
— |
59 |
59 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating lease liabilities, current |
— |
1,708 |
1,708 |
1,708 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Current maturities of long-term debt |
— |
25,520 |
25,520 |
25,520 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total current liabilities |
3,093 |
39,790 |
42,883 |
42,883 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Second Lien Loans |
— |
— |
30,340 |
B2 |
(30,340 |
) |
C3 |
10,000 |
(30,340 |
) |
C3 |
10,000 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10,000 |
B3 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Contribution obligations |
— |
— |
3,949 |
A2 |
(3,949 |
) |
C6 |
— |
(3,949 |
) |
C6 |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long term debt, net of current maturities |
— |
6,824 |
6,824 |
6,824 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating leases liabilities, noncurrent |
— |
5,209 |
5,209 |
5,209 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Liability due to SAFE arrangement, net of issuance costs |
— |
189,336 |
2,000 |
B1 |
(181,336 |
) |
C2 |
— |
(181,336 |
) |
C2 |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(10,000 |
) |
B3 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability |
— |
1,734 |
(1,734 |
) |
C4 |
— |
(1,734 |
) |
C4 |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other long-term liabilities |
— |
303 |
303 |
303 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Overfunding loans |
5,000 |
— |
(5,000 |
) |
C7 |
— |
(5,000 |
) |
C7 |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred underwriters’ discount |
17,500 |
— |
(17,500 |
) |
C1 |
— |
(17,500 |
) |
C1 |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities: |
25,593 |
243,196 |
3,949 |
32,340 |
(239,859 |
) |
65,219 |
(239,859 |
) |
65,219 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Legacy Kodiak redeemable convertible preferred stock, $0.000001 par value |
— |
170,648 |
(170,648 |
) |
C10 |
— |
(170,648 |
) |
C10 |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
AACT Class A ordinary shares subject to redemption |
556,398 |
— |
(7,126 |
) |
A1 |
(553,221 |
) |
C9 |
— |
(553,221 |
) |
E1 |
— |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3,949 |
A2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stockholders’ equity (deficit): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Legacy Kodiak Common Stock |
— |
— |
— |
C10 |
— |
— |
C10 |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred stock (AACT) |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
AACT Class A Ordinary Shares |
— |
— |
1 |
A3 |
(1 |
) |
C9 |
— |
(1 |
) |
C9 |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
AACT Class B Ordinary Shares |
1 |
— |
(1 |
) |
A3 |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Kodiak Common Stock |
— |
— |
3 |
C2 |
23 |
3 |
C2 |
18 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
— |
C3 |
— |
C3 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
— |
C4 |
1 |
C5 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 |
C5 |
1 |
C9 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
— |
C8 |
7 |
C10 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 |
C9 |
6 |
C11 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7 |
C10 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 |
C11 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
— |
19,695 |
9,141 |
C1 |
964,847 |
9,141 |
C1 |
436,377 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
181,333 |
C2 |
181,333 |
C2 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30,340 |
C3 |
30,340 |
C3 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1,734 |
C4 |
1,734 |
C4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
59,999 |
C5 |
59,999 |
C5 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(36,500 |
) |
C8 |
(36,500 |
) |
C8 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
528,470 |
C9 |
170,641 |
C10 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
170,641 |
C10 |
(6 |
) |
C11 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(6 |
) |
C11 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(24,746 |
) |
(396,329 |
) |
(3,949 |
) |
A2 |
24,746 |
C9 |
(400,278 |
) |
(101 |
) |
E1 |
(425,125 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total stockholders’ (deficit) equity |
(24,745 |
) |
(376,634 |
) |
(3,949 |
) |
969,920 |
564,592 |
416,598 |
11,270 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit) |
$ |
557,246 |
$ |
37,210 |
$ |
(3,177 |
) |
$ |
32,340 |
$ |
6,192 |
$ |
629,811 |
$ |
(547,130 |
) |
$ |
76,489 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
No Redemption Scenario |
Maximum Redemption Scenario |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
AACT (Historical) |
Legacy Kodiak (Historical) |
Transaction Accounting Adjustments (Note 3) |
Notes |
Pro Forma Combined |
Transaction Accounting Adjustments (Note 3) |
Notes |
Pro Forma Combined |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ |
— |
$ |
1,471 |
$ |
— |
$ |
1,471 |
$ |
— |
$ |
1,471 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development |
— |
10,134 |
10,134 |
10,134 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
2,706 |
5,125 |
7,831 |
7,831 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Truck and freight operations |
— |
4,005 |
4,005 |
4,005 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
— |
806 |
806 |
806 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
2,706 |
20,070 |
22,776 |
22,776 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss from operations |
(2,706 |
) |
(18,599 |
) |
(21,305 |
) |
(21,305 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (expense) income: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
— |
(1,264 |
) |
(1,264 |
) |
(1,264 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income and other, net |
— |
169 |
169 |
169 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of SAFEs |
(108,375 |
) |
108,375 |
F2 |
— |
108,375 |
F2 |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |
— |
(115 |
) |
115 |
F2 |
— |
115 |
F2 |
— |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment income on investments held in trust account |
5,698 |
— |
(5,698 |
) |
F1 |
— |
(5,698 |
) |
F1 |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other income (expense), net |
5,698 |
(109,585 |
) |
102,792 |
(1,095 |
) |
102,792 |
(1,095 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes |
2,992 |
(128,184 |
) |
102,792 |
(22,400 |
) |
102,792 |
(22,400 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
— |
(1 |
) |
— |
(1 |
) |
— |
(1 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ |
2,992 |
$ |
(128,185 |
) |
$ |
102,792 |
$ |
(22,401 |
) |
$ |
102,792 |
$ |
(22,401 |
) | |||||||||||||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted |
62,500 |
89,458 |
225,679 |
176,320 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss per share – basic and diluted |
$ |
0.05 |
$ |
(1.43 |
) |
$ |
(0.10 |
) |
$ |
(0.13 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||
No Redemption Scenario |
Maximum Redemption Scenario |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
AACT (Historical) |
Legacy Kodiak (Historical) |
Transaction Accounting Adjustments (Note 3) |
Notes |
Pro Forma Combined |
Transaction Accounting Adjustments (Note 3) |
Notes |
Pro Forma Combined |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ |
— |
$ |
14,933 |
$ |
— |
$ |
14,933 |
$ |
— |
$ |
14,933 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Research and development |
— |
43,436 |
43,436 |
43,436 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
1,776 |
20,999 |
22,775 |
22,775 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Truck and freight operations |
— |
9,013 |
9,013 |
9,013 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
— |
3,204 |
3,204 |
3,204 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
1,776 |
76,652 |
78,428 |
78,428 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss from operations |
(1,776 |
) |
(61,719 |
) |
(63,495 |
) |
(63,495 |
) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other (expense) income: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
— |
(4,951 |
) |
(4,951 |
) |
(4,951 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income and other, net |
— |
895 |
895 |
895 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of SAFEs |
(4,109 |
) |
4,109 |
F2 |
— |
4,109 |
F2 |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities |
— |
426 |
(426 |
) |
F2 |
— |
(426 |
) |
F2 |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment income on investments held in trust account |
27,762 |
— |
(27,762 |
) |
F1 |
— |
(27,762 |
) |
F1 |
— |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Total other income (expense), net |
27,762 |
(7,739 |
) |
(24,079 |
) |
(4,056 |
) |
(24,079 |
) |
(4,056 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes |
25,986 |
(69,458 |
) |
(24,079 |
) |
(67,551 |
) |
(24,079 |
) |
(67,551 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
— |
(1 |
) |
— |
(1 |
) |
— |
(1 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ |
25,986 |
$ |
(69,459 |
) |
$ |
(24,079 |
) |
$ |
(67,552 |
) |
$ |
(24,079 |
) |
$ |
(67,552 |
) | |||||||||||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic and diluted |
62,500 |
88,181 |
224,792 |
175,432 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss per share – basic and diluted |
$ |
0.42 |
$ |
(0.79 |
) |
$ |
(0.30 |
) |
$ |
(0.39 |
) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| • | the historical audited financial statements of AACT as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the historical unaudited financial statements of AACT as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2025; |
| • | the historical audited financial statements of Legacy Kodiak as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the historical unaudited financial statements of Legacy Kodiak as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2025; and |
| • | other information relating to Legacy Kodiak and AACT included in this proxy statement/prospectus, including the description of Business Combination Agreement and the transactions contemplated in connection therewith under the section titled “ The Business Combination Proposal |
1) |
No Redemption Scenario |
2) |
Maximum Redemption Scenario |
• |
the issuance and conversion of SAFEs and Second Lien Loans, excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan, into Legacy Kodiak Common Stock immediately prior to the consummation of the Business Combination; |
| • | the April 2025 redemption of 640,288 AACT Class A Ordinary Shares by Public Shareholders; |
| • | the issuance of additional shares in connection with the Business Combination. If the maximum number of shares are redeemed, this calculation is retroactively adjusted to eliminate such shares for the entire period; |
• |
the issuance of additional shares with respect to the PIPE Investments, assuming (i) completion of the committed $60.0 million PIPE Investment, with $50.0 million being purchased at 90% of the Redemption Price and $10.0 million being purchased at the Redemption Price and (ii) a Redemption Price of $11.35; and |
| • | the issuance of $12.5 million of shares of Kodiak Common Stock to a Legacy Kodiak advisor at a per-share price equal to the Redemption Price. |
Year Ended December 31, 2024 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 |
|||||||||||||||
No Redemption |
Maximum Redemption |
No Redemption |
Maximum Redemption |
|||||||||||||
Pro Forma net loss (in thousands) |
$ |
(67,552 |
) |
$ |
(67,552 |
) |
$ |
(22,401 |
) |
$ |
(22,401 |
) | ||||
Public Shareholders |
49,359,712 |
— |
49,359,712 |
— |
||||||||||||
Vested Sponsor shares |
6,250,000 |
6,250,000 |
6,250,000 |
6,250,000 |
||||||||||||
Legacy Kodiak Securityholders – weighted average common stock |
61,249,862 |
61,249,862 |
62,137,154 |
62,137,154 |
||||||||||||
Legacy Kodiak Securityholders – weighted average preferred stock |
65,266,006 |
65,266,006 |
65,266,006 |
65,266,006 |
||||||||||||
Legacy Kodiak Securityholders – assumed net exercise of warrants |
2,104,844 |
2,104,844 |
2,104,844 |
2,104,844 |
||||||||||||
Legacy Kodiak SAFE holders |
30,331,223 |
30,331,223 |
30,331,223 |
30,331,223 |
||||||||||||
Legacy Kodiak Second Lien Loan holders (1) |
3,353,248 |
3,353,248 |
3,353,248 |
3,353,248 |
||||||||||||
PIPE Investors |
5,775,819 |
5,775,819 |
5,775,819 |
5,775,819 |
||||||||||||
Legacy Kodiak Advisor |
1,101,321 |
1,101,321 |
1,101,321 |
1,101,321 |
||||||||||||
Pro Forma basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding |
224,792,035 |
175,432,323 |
225,679,327 |
176,319,615 |
||||||||||||
Pro Forma net loss per share, basic and diluted |
$ |
(0.30 |
) |
$ |
(0.39 |
) |
$ |
(0.10 |
) |
$ |
(0.13 |
) | ||||
(1) |
Excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan. |
Year Ended December 31, 2024 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 |
|||||||||||||||
No Redemption |
Maximum Redemption |
No Redemption |
Maximum Redemption |
|||||||||||||
Private Placement Warrants (1) |
14,300,000 |
14,300,000 |
14,300,000 |
14,300,000 |
||||||||||||
Public Warrants (1) |
25,000,000 |
25,000,000 |
25,000,000 |
25,000,000 |
||||||||||||
Legacy Kodiak Options (2) |
51,596,138 |
51,596,138 |
51,616,380 |
51,616,380 |
||||||||||||
Sponsor Earn Out Securities (3) |
6,250,000 |
6,250,000 |
6,250,000 |
6,250,000 |
||||||||||||
Earn Out Securities (3) |
75,000,000 |
75,000,000 |
75,000,000 |
75,000,000 |
||||||||||||
Total |
172,146,138 |
172,146,138 |
172,166,380 |
172,166,380 |
||||||||||||
| (1) | Following the Domestication, one whole warrant will entitle the holder to purchase one share of Kodiak Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share. The Private Placement Warrants and the Public Warrants are anti-dilutive on a pro forma basis and have been excluded from the diluted number of Kodiak’s shares outstanding at the Closing. |
| (2) | All outstanding Legacy Kodiak Options at the Closing, whether vested or unvested, will convert into Exchanged Kodiak Options. Additionally, holders of Legacy Kodiak Options will receive Earn Out RSUs representing a pro rata share of the Earn Out Securities. Each Earn Out RSU will be subject to certain service-based vesting conditions. |
| (3) | The Earn Out Securities and the Sponsor Earn Out Securities are contingently issuable upon the achievement of the applicable triggering event(s). |
Sponsor and Affiliates Initial Investment |
Sponsor and Affiliates Consideration upon Closing |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note |
Date |
Source of Consideration |
Sponsor and Affiliates Outlay ($) |
AACT Securities (#) |
Kodiak Securities to be Received at Closing (#) |
Value per Kodiak Security ($) |
Aggregate Value Received in Cash ($) |
Net Consideration in the Aggregate as of Closing ($) |
||||||||||||||||||||
(1) |
March 2021 |
Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares |
$ |
25,000 |
12,500,000 |
12,500,000 |
$ |
11.38 |
$ |
— |
$ |
142,250,000 |
||||||||||||||||
(2) |
April 2023 |
Private Placement Warrants |
$ |
14,300,000 |
14,300,000 |
14,300,000 |
$ |
1.45 |
$ |
— |
$ |
20,735,000 |
||||||||||||||||
(3) |
April 2023 |
Overfunding Loans |
$ |
5,000,000 |
— |
— |
— |
$ |
5,000,000 |
$ |
5,000,000 |
|||||||||||||||||
(4) |
April 2025 |
Sponsor Affiliate Investor Second Lien Loans |
$ |
20,000,000 |
— |
2,271,687 |
$ |
11.38 |
$ |
— |
$ |
25,851,798 |
||||||||||||||||
(5) |
February 2025 |
Exchanged Safe Loan |
$ |
10,000,000 |
— |
— |
— |
$ |
10,442,378 |
$ |
10,442,378 |
|||||||||||||||||
(6) |
April - July 2025 |
Contributions |
$ |
3,948,777 |
— |
— |
— |
$ |
3,948,777 |
$ |
3,948,777 |
|||||||||||||||||
(7) |
— |
AMCM Deferred IPO Advisory Fee |
— |
— |
— |
— |
$ |
2,777,777 |
$ |
2,777,777 |
||||||||||||||||||
(8) |
June 2025 |
Working Capital Loan |
$ |
1,232,707 |
— |
— |
— |
$ |
1,232,707 |
$ |
1,232,707 |
|||||||||||||||||
| * | Amounts may not sum due to rounding. |
(1) |
On March 19, 2021, the Sponsor paid $25,000 to cover certain of the IPO offering costs of AACT in consideration of 12,500,000 AACT Class B Ordinary Shares, all of which were converted into the Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares upon the Conversion (as defined below). Upon the Domestication, the Sponsor is expected to receive 12,500,000 Kodiak Common Stock, with an implied aggregate market value of $142.3 million (based upon the closing price of $11.38 per AACT Class A Ordinary Share on the NYSE on July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus), including 6,250,000 Sponsor Earn Out Securities subject to vesting as described in section entitled “ Business Combination Proposal—Related Agreements—Sponsor Support Agreement |
(2) |
The Sponsor purchased 14,300,000 Private Placement Warrants for $14.3 million, or $1.00 per Private Placement Warrant, in a private placement that closed simultaneously with the IPO. Upon the Domestication, the Sponsor is expected to receive 14,300,000 Kodiak Warrants, with an implied aggregate market value of $20.7 million (based upon the closing price of $1.45 per Public Warrant on the NYSE on July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus). |
| (3) | Simultaneous with the consummation of the IPO, the Sponsor extended Overfunding Loans in an aggregate outstanding principal amount of $5.0 million to AACT. The Overfunding Loans will, in the Sponsor’s discretion, either be repaid to the Sponsor upon the Closing or converted into Kodiak Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant (or any combination of repayment or conversion). Any such warrants will be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. To the extent that the Sponsor elects to receive the repayment of the Overfunding Loans in warrants of Kodiak at Closing and subsequently exercises such warrants to acquire Kodiak Common Stock, the issuances of Kodiak Common Stock may result in dilution of the non-redeeming shareholders of AACT who become stockholders of Kodiak. |
(4) |
Concurrently with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, the Sponsor Affiliate Investor entered into the Second Lien Loan and Security Agreement with Legacy Kodiak to provide $20.0 million of financing in the form of Second Lien Loans. In connection with the Closing, $20.0 million of the Second Lien Loans provided by the Sponsor Affiliate Investor will automatically convert into Second Lien Conversion Shares and will subsequently convert into shares of Kodiak Common Stock. The number of shares of Kodiak Common Stock ultimately received by the Sponsor Affiliate Investor upon conversion of the Second Lien Loans shall be based on the Second Lien Conversion Price. Assuming the full conversion of all $20.0 million of Second Lien Loans held by the Sponsor Affiliate Investor (including accrued and unpaid interest through July 17, 2025 and excluding the Exchanged SAFE Loan), such shares of Kodiak Common Stock, if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have an aggregate market value of $25.9 million based upon the closing price of $11.38 per AACT Class A Ordinary Share on the NYSE on July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. |
(5) |
Prior to the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, the Sponsor Affiliate Investor provided $10.0 million of financing to Legacy Kodiak in the form of a SAFE. In connection with entering the Second Lien Loan and Security Agreement, and immediately prior to the execution and delivery of the Business Combination Agreement, the Sponsor Affiliate Investor exchanged its $10.0 million SAFE for the Exchanged SAFE Loan. The Exchanged SAFE Loan is convertible at the Sponsor Affiliate Investor’s option for Second Lien Conversion Shares and subsequently into shares of Kodiak Common Stock at a price based on the Second Lien Conversion Price prior to Closing. The table above assumes the Exchanged SAFE Loan is not converted into Second Lien Conversion Shares at Closing, and is repaid in cash at maturity on October 1, 2026, together with accrued and unpaid interest thereon. To the extent that the Sponsor Affiliate Investor elects to convert the $10.0 million of Exchanged Safe Loans into shares of Kodiak Common Stock at Closing, such shares of Kodiak Common Stock (including accrued and unpaid interest through July 17, 2025), if unrestricted and freely tradable, would have an aggregate market value of $12.9 million based upon the closing price of $11.38 per AACT Class A Ordinary Share on the NYSE on July 17, 2025, the most recent practicable date prior to the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. The issuances of such Kodiak Common Stock at Closing may result in dilution of the non-redeeming shareholders of AACT who become stockholders of Kodiak. |
(6) |
Represents the $3.9 million of Contributions made as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. The Contributions shall be reimbursed to the Sponsor by Kodiak upon the Closing. |
(7) |
Represents the deferred IPO advisory fees payable to AMCM, an affiliate of the Sponsor, upon the Closing. |
(8) |
Represents the $1.2 million of Working Capital Loans made as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. The Working Capital Loans will, in the Sponsor’s discretion, either be repaid upon the Closing or converted into Kodiak Warrants at a price of $1.00 per warrant (or any combination of repayment or conversion). Any such warrants will be identical to the Private Placement Warrants. To the extent that the Sponsor elects to receive the repayment of the Working Capital Loans in Kodiak Warrants at Closing and subsequently exercises such warrants to acquire Kodiak Common Stock, the issuances of Kodiak Common Stock may result in dilution of the non-redeeming shareholders of AACT who become stockholders of Kodiak. |
Subject Securities |
Expiration Date |
Natural Persons and Entities Subject to Restrictions |
Exceptions to Transfer Restrictions | |||
| Founder Shares | Closing | Sponsor | Transfers that are deemed a Permitted Transfer | |||
| Private Placement Warrants | Closing | Sponsor | Transfers that are deemed a Permitted Transfer | |||
| Shares of Kodiak Common Stock held by the Sponsor following the Closing (excluding the Sponsor Earn Out Shares) | The earlier of: (i) one year from Closing; and (ii) the date on which Kodiak completes a liquidation, merger, stock exchange or other similar transaction that results in all of Kodiak’s stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of Kodiak capital stock for cash, securities or other property. | Sponsor | The Proposed Bylaws provide for certain customary permitted transfers, including transfers to certain affiliates, family members or for estate planning purposes. Additionally, if the closing price of Kodiak Common Stock equals or exceeds $12.00 for 20 of 30 consecutive trading days commencing at least 150 days after Closing, then the transfer restrictions will expire. | |||
| Sponsor Earn Out Securities | The earlier of: (i) one year from Closing; and (ii) the date on which Kodiak completes a liquidation, merger, stock exchange or other similar transaction that results in all of Kodiak’s stockholders having the right to exchange their shares of Kodiak capital stock for cash, securities or other property. |
Sponsor | The Proposed Bylaws provide for certain customary permitted transfers, including transfers to certain affiliates, family members or for estate planning purposes. Additionally, if the closing price of Kodiak Common Stock equals or exceeds $12.00 for 20 of 30 consecutive trading days commencing at least 150 days after Closing, then the transfer restrictions will expire, however the vesting conditions would still apply to the Sponsor Earn Out Securities. | |||
Subject Securities |
Expiration Date |
Natural Persons and Entities Subject to Restrictions |
Exceptions to Transfer Restrictions | |||
Additionally, the Sponsor Earn Out Securities are subject to vesting upon the occurrence of Triggering Event I during the Earn Out Period. |
If a Change of Control occurs following the third anniversary of the Closing and prior to the expiration of the Earn Out Period that results in the holders of Kodiak Common Stock receiving a per share price greater than or equal to $18.00 (as adjusted as appropriate to reflect any stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends, extraordinary cash dividends, reorganizations, recapitalizations and similar actions occurring after the Closing), then Triggering Event I will be deemed to have been achieved as of immediately prior to the consummation of such Change of Control and the Sponsor Earn Out Securities will vest and participate in such Change of Control. | |||||
| Private Placement Warrants | 30 days after Closing | Sponsor | None | |||
Name |
Age |
Position | ||||
David B. Kaplan |
57 | Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman | ||||
Michael J Arougheti |
52 | Co-Chairman | ||||
Jarrod Phillips |
47 | Chief Financial Officer | ||||
Allyson Satin |
39 | Chief Operating Officer | ||||
Peter Ogilvie |
42 | Executive Vice President of Strategy | ||||
Brad Coleman |
64 | Director | ||||
David G. Hirz |
70 | Director | ||||
Felicia Thornton |
61 | Director | ||||
Name |
Year |
Fees earned or paid in cash |
||||||
Brad Coleman |
2024 | $ | 150,000 | |||||
| 2023 | 84,066 | |||||||
David G. Hirz |
2024 | 150,000 | ||||||
| 2023 | 68,071 | |||||||
Felicia Thornton |
2024 | 150,000 | ||||||
| 2023 | 104,670 | |||||||
| • | meeting with our independent registered public accounting firm regarding, among other issues, audits, and adequacy of our accounting and control systems; |
| • | monitoring the independence of the independent registered public accounting firm; |
| • | verifying the rotation of the lead (or coordinating) audit partner having primary responsibility for the audit and the audit partner responsible for reviewing the audit as required by law; |
| • | inquiring and discussing with our directors and executive officers our compliance with applicable laws and regulations; |
| • | pre-approving all audit services and permitted non-audit services to be performed by our independent registered public accounting firm, including the fees and terms of the services to be performed; |
| • | appointing or replacing the independent registered public accounting firm; |
| • | determining the compensation and oversight of the work of the independent registered public accounting firm (including resolution of disagreements between our directors and executive officers and the independent auditor regarding financial reporting) for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or related work; |
| • | establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by us regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or reports which raise material issues regarding our financial statements or accounting policies; |
| • | monitoring compliance on a quarterly basis with the terms of the IPO and, if any noncompliance is identified, immediately taking all action necessary to rectify such noncompliance or otherwise causing compliance with the terms of the IPO; and |
| • | reviewing and approving all payments made to our existing shareholders, executive officers or directors and their respective affiliates. Any payments made to members of our audit committee will be reviewed and approved by the AACT Board, with the interested director or directors abstaining from such review and approval. |
| • | should have demonstrated notable or significant achievements in business, education or public service; |
| • | should possess the requisite intelligence, education and experience to make a significant contribution to the AACT Board and bring a range of skills, diverse perspectives and backgrounds to its deliberations; and |
| • | should have the highest ethical standards, a strong sense of professionalism and intense dedication to serving the interests of the shareholders. |
| • | reviewing and approving on an annual basis the corporate goals and objectives relevant to our CEO compensation, evaluating our CEO performance in light of such goals and objectives and determining and approving the remuneration (if any) of our CEO based on such evaluation; |
| • | reviewing and approving the compensation of all of our other Section 16 executive officers; |
| • | reviewing our executive compensation policies and plans; |
| • | implementing and administering our incentive compensation equity-based remuneration plans; |
| • | assisting our directors and executive officers in complying with our proxy statement and annual report disclosure requirements; |
| • | approving all special perquisites, special cash payments and other special compensation and benefit arrangements for our executive officers and employees; |
| • | producing a report on executive compensation to be included in our annual proxy statement; and |
| • | reviewing, evaluating and recommending changes, if appropriate, to the remuneration for directors. |
| • | duty to act in good faith in what the director or officer believes to be in the best interests of the company as a whole; |
| • | duty to exercise powers for the purposes for which those powers were conferred and not for a collateral purpose; |
| • | directors should not improperly fetter the exercise of future discretion; |
| • | duty to exercise powers fairly as between different sections of shareholders; |
| • | duty not to put themselves in a position in which there is a conflict between their duty to the company and their personal interests; and |
| • | duty to exercise independent judgment. |
Individual |
Entity |
Entity’s Business |
Affiliation | |||
David B. Kaplan |
Ares Management Corporation (1) |
Investment Management, Various |
Director, Co-Founder, Partner | |||
X-Energy Reactor Company, LLC |
Energy |
Director | ||||
CHWR Group GP LLC |
Restaurant & Hospitality |
Director | ||||
MYT Netherlands Parent B.V. |
Retail |
Director | ||||
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center |
Non-profit |
Director | ||||
Los Angeles County Museum of Art |
Non-profit |
Trustee | ||||
Michael J Arougheti |
Ares Management Corporation (1) |
Investment Management, Various |
Director, Co-Founder, Chief Executive Officer | |||
Ares Capital Corporation |
Investment Management |
Director, Executive Vice President | ||||
Ares Charitable Foundation |
Non-profit |
Director | ||||
Operation HOPE |
Non-profit |
Director | ||||
Jarrod Phillips |
Ares Management Corporation (1) |
Investment Management, Various |
Chief Financial Officer, Partner | |||
School on Wheels |
Non-profit |
Director | ||||
Allyson Satin |
Ares Management Corporation (1) |
Investment Management, Various |
Partner | |||
Peter Ogilvie |
Ares Management Corporation (1) |
Investment Management, Various |
Partner | |||
Vinci Partners Investments |
Alternate Asset Manager |
Director | ||||
X-Energy Reactor Company, LLC |
Energy |
Director | ||||
Brad Coleman |
SLR Capital Partners |
Asset Manager Management |
Partner | |||
David G. Hirz |
Heritage Grocers Group |
Retail |
Director | |||
Felicia Thornton |
Convergint Technologies |
Technology |
Director | |||
Coolsys, Inc. |
Service |
Director | ||||
Floor & Decor Holdings, Inc. |
Retail |
Director |
| (1) | Includes certain of its funds and other affiliates, including portfolio companies. |
| • | Our executive officers and directors are not required to, and will not, commit their full time to our affairs, which may result in a conflict of interest in allocating their time between our operations and our search for a business combination and their other businesses. We do not intend to have any full-time employees prior to the completion of the Business Combination. Each of our executive officers is engaged in several other business endeavors for which he may be entitled to substantial compensation, and our executive officers are not obligated to contribute any specific number of hours per week to our affairs. |
| • | In the course of their other business activities, our officers and directors may become aware of investment and business opportunities that may be appropriate for presentation to us as well as the other entities with which they are affiliated. Our management may have conflicts of interest in determining to which entity a particular business opportunity should be presented. |
| • | The Sponsor subscribed for AACT Class B Ordinary Shares prior to the date of the IPO (all of which were converted into Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares in connection with the Extension) and purchased Private Placement Warrants in a transaction that closed simultaneously with the closing of the IPO. |
| • | The Sponsor and each of our directors and executive officers have entered into an agreement with us, pursuant to which they have agreed to waive their redemption rights with respect to their Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and Public Shares in connection with: (i) the completion of our initial business combination; and (ii) a shareholder vote to approve an amendment to the Memorandum and Articles of Association (A) that would modify the substance or timing of our obligation to provide holders of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares the right to have their shares redeemed in connection with our initial business combination or to redeem 100% of our Public Shares if we do not complete our initial business combination by January 26, 2026, or such earlier date the AACT Board may approve or such later date as the shareholders may approve in connection with the Memorandum and Articles of Association; or (B) with respect to any other material provision relating to the rights or pre-initial business combination activity of holders of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares. Additionally, the Sponsor has agreed to waive its rights to liquidating distributions from the Trust Account with respect to its Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares if we fail to complete our initial business combination within the Combination Period. If we do not consummate an initial business combination within the prescribed time frame, the Private Placement Warrants may expire worthless. Except as described in this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor has agreed not to transfer, assign or sell any of its Converted AACT Class A Ordinary Shares until the earliest of: (i) one year after the completion of our initial business combination; or (ii) subsequent to our initial business combination, (A) if the closing price of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares equals or exceeds $12.00 per share (as adjusted for share subdivisions, share capitalizations, reorganizations, recapitalizations and the like) for any 20 trading days within any 30-trading day period commencing at least 150 days after our initial business combination, or (B) the date on which we complete a liquidation, merger, share exchange or other similar transaction that results in all of our shareholders having the right to exchange their AACT Ordinary Shares for cash, securities or other property. The Private Placement Warrants will not be transferable until 30 days following the completion of our initial business combination. Because each of our executive officers and directors will own AACT Ordinary Shares or AACT Warrants directly or indirectly, they may have a conflict of interest in determining whether a particular target business is an appropriate business with which to effectuate our initial business combination. |
| • | The Sponsor and our directors or executive officers or any of their affiliates may make additional investments in us in connection with our initial business combination, although they are under no obligation to do so. If the Sponsor or any of its affiliates (including any Ares funds or their portfolio companies) elect to make additional investments or provide financing, such proposed transactions could influence the Sponsor’s motivation to complete our initial business combination. Ares and its affiliates and certain of the Ares funds engage in the business of originating, underwriting, syndicating, acquiring and trading loans and debt securities of corporate and other borrowers, and may provide or participate in any debt financing arrangement in connection with any acquisition, financing or disposition of any target business that we may make. |
| • | Our officers and directors may have a conflict of interest with respect to evaluating a particular business combination if the retention or resignation of any such officers and directors is included by a target business as a condition to any agreement with respect to our initial business combination. Our directors and officers or Ares or its affiliates may also sponsor, form or participate in other blank check companies similar to our during the period in which we are seeking an initial business combination. In addition, funds managed by Ares may have provided debt to companies we pursue and such debt may or may not be paid off in connection with a potential business combination. Any such companies may present additional conflicts of interest in pursuing an acquisition target, particularly to the extent there is overlap among investment mandates and the director and officer teams. |
| • | may significantly dilute the equity interest of investors in the IPO; |
| • | may subordinate the rights of holders of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares if preference shares are issued with rights senior to those afforded AACT Class A Ordinary Shares; |
| • | could cause a change in control if a substantial number of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares are issued, which may affect, among other things, our ability to use our net operating loss carry forwards, if any, and could result in the resignation or removal of our present officers and directors; |
| • | may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of us by diluting the share ownership or voting rights of a person seeking to obtain control of us; |
| • | may adversely affect prevailing market prices for AACT Units, AACT Class A Ordinary Shares or Public Warrants; and |
| • | may not result in adjustment to the exercise price of AACT Warrants. |
| • | the default and foreclosure on our assets if our operating revenues after the Business Combination are insufficient to repay our debt obligations; |
| • | the acceleration of our obligations to repay the indebtedness even if we make all principal and interest payments when due if we breach certain covenants that require the maintenance of certain financial ratios or reserves without a waiver or renegotiation of that covenant; |
| • | our immediate payment of all principal and accrued interest, if any, if the debt security is payable on demand; |
| • | our inability to obtain necessary additional financing if the debt security contains covenants restricting our ability to obtain such financing while the debt security is outstanding; |
| • | our inability to pay dividends on AACT Class A Ordinary Shares; |
| • | us using a substantial portion of our cash flow to pay principal and interest on our debt, which will reduce the funds available for dividends on AACT Class A Ordinary Shares if declared, expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate purposes; |
| • | limitations on our flexibility in planning for and reacting to changes in our business and in the industry in which we operate; |
| • | increased vulnerability to adverse changes in general economic, industry and competitive conditions and adverse changes in government regulation or prevailing interest rates; |
| • | limitations on our ability to borrow additional amounts for expenses, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, execution of our strategy and other purposes and other disadvantages compared to our competitors who have less debt; and |
| • | other disadvantages compared to our competitors who have less debt. |
| • | 1,980,000,000 shares of Kodiak Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share; and |
| • | 20,000,000 shares of Kodiak Preferred Stock, par value $0.0001 per share. |
| • | Authorized but unissued capital stock |
| • | Classes of directors |
| • | Board vacancies; removal of directors |
| • | No cumulative voting for directors. |
| • | Quorum. |
| • | Stockholder action by written consent. |
| • | Special meetings of stockholders. |
resolution adopted by a majority of the directors then serving on the Kodiak Board. Special meetings of the stockholders of Kodiak may not be called by the stockholders of Kodiak or any other person. |
| • | Advance notice procedures. |
| • | Exclusive forum |
| • | Amendment of charter and bylaws provisions two-thirds of the total voting power of the outstanding voting securities of Kodiak, voting together as a single class, will be required for the Kodiak stockholders to alter, amend or repeal, or adopt any bylaw inconsistent with, certain provisions of the Proposed Bylaws. |
| • | any breach of the director’s or officer’s duty of loyalty to Kodiak or Kodiak’s stockholders; |
| • | acts or omissions of a director or officer not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; |
| • | with respect to a director, unlawful payment of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions; |
| • | any transaction from which the director or officer derived an improper personal benefit; and |
| • | with respect to an officer, any action by or in the right of Kodiak. |
| • | prior to such time the board of directors of the corporation approved either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder; |
| • | upon consummation of the transaction which resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding for purposes of determining the voting stock of the corporation outstanding (but not the outstanding voting stock owned by the interested stockholder) shares owned by directors who are also officers of the corporation and shares owned by employee stock plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or |
| • | at or subsequent to the time the stockholder became an interested stockholder, the business combination was approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual or special meeting of the stockholders, and not by written consent, by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock which is not owned by the interested stockholder. |
| • | in whole and not in part; |
| • | at a price of $0.01 per warrant; |
| • | upon not less than 30-days’ prior written notice of redemption given after the warrants become exercisable to each warrant holder and prior to their expiration; and |
| • | if, and only if, the closing price of the Kodiak Common Stock equals or exceeds $18.00 per share (as adjusted for adjustments to the number of shares issuable upon exercise or the exercise price of a warrant as described under the heading “ —Warrants—Public Warrants—Anti-Dilution Adjustments 30-trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which we send the notice of redemption to the warrant holders. |
| • | each of AACT’s current executive officers and directors, and all executive officers and directors of AACT as a group, in each case pre-Business Combination; |
| • | each person who will become a named executive officer or director of Kodiak, and all executive officers and directors of Kodiak as a group, in each case post-Business Combination; |
| • | each person or “group” (as such term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) who is known to be the beneficial owner of more than five percent of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares pre-Business Combination; and |
| • | each person or “group” (as such term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) who is expected to be the beneficial owner of more than five percent of Kodiak Common Stock post-Business Combination. |
After Business Combination |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Before Business Combination |
No Redemption |
Maximum Redemption |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner |
Number of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares |
Approximate % of Ordinary Shares |
Number of shares of Kodiak Common Stock |
Approximate % of Kodiak Common Stock |
Number of shares of Kodiak Common Stock |
Approximate % of Kodiak Common Stock |
||||||||||||||||||
Directors and Executive Officers of AACT Before the Business Combination |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
David B. Kaplan (2) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Michael J Arougheti (2) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Jarrod Phillips (2) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Allyson Satin (2) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Peter Ogilvie (2) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Brad Coleman |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
David G. Hirz |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
Felicia Thornton |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
All Directors and Executive Officers as a Group (eight individuals) |
— | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
After Business Combination |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Before Business Combination |
No Redemption |
Maximum Redemption |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner |
Number of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares |
Approximate % of Ordinary Shares |
Number of shares of Kodiak Common Stock |
Approximate % of Kodiak Common Stock |
Number of shares of Kodiak Common Stock |
Approximate % of Kodiak Common Stock |
||||||||||||||||||
Directors and Named Executive Officers of Kodiak After the Business Combination |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Don Burnette |
— |
— |
29,173,024 |
12.7 |
% |
29,173,024 |
16.2 |
% | ||||||||||||||||
Andreas Wendel (3) |
— |
— |
9,181,539 |
3.9 |
% |
9,181,539 |
5.0 |
% | ||||||||||||||||
Michael Wiesinger (4) |
— |
— |
1,416,461 |
* |
1,416,461 |
* | ||||||||||||||||||
Mohamed Elshenawy |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||
Kenneth Goldman |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||
James Reed (5) |
— |
— |
1,035,683 |
* |
1,035,683 |
* | ||||||||||||||||||
Allyson Satin (2) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||
Kristin Sverchek |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||
Scott Tobin |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||||
All Directors and Executive Officers of Kodiak after the Business Combination as a Group (12 individuals) (6) |
— |
— |
46,866,219 |
19.3 |
% |
46,866,219 |
24.2 |
% | ||||||||||||||||
Other Five Percent Holders |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ares Acquisition Holdings II LP (the Sponsor) (7) |
12,500,000 |
20.2 |
% |
12,500,000 |
5.4 |
% |
12,500,000 |
6.9 |
% | |||||||||||||||
Fort Baker Capital Management LP (8) |
4,766,401 |
7.7 |
% |
4,766,401 |
2.0 |
% |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||
Mizuho Financial Group, Inc. (9) |
3,133,249 |
5.1 |
% |
3,133,249 |
1.3 |
% |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||
Westchester Capital Management, LLC (10) |
3,951,420 |
6.4 |
% |
3,951,420 |
1.7 |
% |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||
Barclays PLC (11) |
3,538,577 |
5.7 |
% |
3,538,577 |
1.5 |
% |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||
HGC Investment Management Inc. (12) |
4,881,504 |
7.9 |
% |
4,881,504 |
2.1 |
% |
— |
— |
||||||||||||||||
Paz Eshel (13) |
— |
— |
17,905,137 |
7.8 |
% |
17,905,137 |
9.9 |
% | ||||||||||||||||
Entities affiliated with SIP (14) |
— |
— |
13,118,334 |
5.7 |
% |
13,118,334 |
7.3 |
% | ||||||||||||||||
| * | Less than one percent |
| (1) | Unless otherwise noted, the principal business address of each of the directors and named executive officers of AACT before the Business Combination is c/o Ares Management LLC, 245 Park Avenue, 44th Floor, New York, NY 10167. Unless otherwise noted, the principal business address of each of the directors and named executive officers of Kodiak after the Business Combination is 1049 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, other than Ms. Satin, whose principal business address is c/o Ares Management LLC, 245 Park Avenue, 44th Floor, New York, NY 10167. |
| (2) | Does not include any shares indirectly owned by this individual as a result of his or her partnership interest in the Sponsor. |
(3) |
Consists of (i) 4,514,872 shares of Common Stock and (ii) 4,666,667 shares of Common Stock subject to stock options exercisable within 60 days of July 17, 2025. |
(4) |
Consists of (i) 187,429 shares of Common Stock and (ii) 1,229,032 shares of Common Stock subject to stock options exercisable within 60 days of July 17, 2025. |
(5) |
Consists of 1,035,683 shares of Common Stock subject to stock options exercisable within 60 days of July 17, 2025. |
(6) |
Consists of (i) 33,914,823 shares of Common Stock and (ii) 12,951,396 shares of Common Stock subject to stock options exercisable within 60 days of July 17, 2025. |
| (7) | The Sponsor is a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership managed by affiliates of Ares. Ares Acquisition Holdings II is the general partner of the Sponsor. Ares Holdings L.P. is the sole shareholder of Ares Acquisition Holdings II. Ares Holdings L.P. is an indirect subsidiary of Ares. Ares Management GP LLC (“ Ares Management GP Ares Class B Common Stock Ares Voting Ares Class C Common Sto Ares Partners |
| (8) | Based on information provided by Fort Baker Capital Management LP on Schedule 13G, filed with the SEC on May 15, 2025 (filed jointly with Steven Patrick Pigott and Fort Baker Capital, LLC (together with Fort Baker Capital Management LP, “ Fort Baker |
| Patrick Pigott acts as Limited Partner/Chief Investment Officer for Fort Baker Capital Management LP. Fort Baker Capital, LLC acts as General Partner for Fort Baker Capital Management LP. Each reporting person of Form Baker disclaims beneficial ownership of the securities except to the extent of that person’s pecuniary interest therein. The principal business address of Fort Baker is 700 Larkspur Landing Circle, Suite 275, Larkspur, CA 94939. |
| (9) | Based on information provided by Mizuho Financial Group, Inc. (“ Mizuho |
| (10) | Based on information provided by Westchester Capital Management, LLC (“ Westchester Capital Virtus TMF Westchester CEF JARB Funds 01301-9683. |
| (11) | Based on information provided by Barclays PLC on Schedule 13G/A, filed with the SEC on March 21, 2025. As of September 30, 2024, Barclays PLC reported aggregate beneficial ownership of 3,538,577 of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares with sole voting power over 3,538,577 AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, shared voting power over 0 AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, sole dispositive power over 3,538,577 Class A Ordinary Shares and shared dispositive power over 0 AACT Class A Ordinary Shares. The principal business address of Barclays PLC is 1 Churchill Place, London - E14 5HP. |
| (12) | Based on information provided by HGC Investment Management Inc. on Schedule 13G, filed with the SEC on February 14, 2024. As of December 31, 2023, HGC Investment Management Inc. reported aggregate beneficial ownership of 4,881,504 AACT Class A Ordinary Shares with sole voting power over 4,881,504 AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, shared voting power over 0 AACT Class A Ordinary Shares, sole dispositive power over 4,881,504 AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and shared dispositive power over 0 AACT Class A Ordinary Shares. The principal business address of HGC Investment Management Inc. is 1073 Yonge Street, 2nd Floor, Toronto, Ontario M4W 2L2, Canada. |
| (13) | The business address of Paz Eshel is 2261 Market Street, Suite 85377, San Francisco, CA 94114. |
(14) |
Consists of (i) 3,103,446 shares of Common Stock, which are expected to be held of record by SIP Global Tech Fund I, L.P., (ii) 1,525,635 shares of Common Stock, which are expected to be held of record by SIP Global Tech Opportunity LLC, (iii) 1,179,078 shares of Common Stock, which are expected to be held of record by SIP Global Tech Opportunity 3 LLC and (iv) 7,319,175 shares of Common Stock, which are expected to be held of record by SIP Global Tech Opportunity 4 LLC (collectively referred to as “ SIP |
Investor Name |
Date of Transaction |
Investment Amount ($) |
Related Party | |||||||
FP Direct Investment LVI LLC |
05/10/2023 | 10,000,000 | Ross Kestin(1) | |||||||
SIP Global Tech Fund I, L.P. (together with SIP Global Tech Opportunity 3 LLC, “ SIP |
06/26/2024 | 1,900,000 | SIP(2) | |||||||
SIP Global Tech Opportunity 3 LLC |
06/27/2024 | 100,000 | SIP(2) | |||||||
Aliya Growth Fund LLC – Series CC (together with its affiliates “ Aliya |
06/28/2024 | 390,000 | Ross Kestin(1) | |||||||
Battery Ventures XII, L.P. (together with Battery Investment Partners XII, LLC, “ Battery Ventures |
07/01/2024 | 1,962,000 | Scott Tobin(3) | |||||||
Battery Investment Partners XII, LLC |
07/02/2024 | 38,000 | Scott Tobin(3) | |||||||
Aliya Growth Fund LLC – Series RR |
08/09/2024 | 2,310,000 | Ross Kestin(1) | |||||||
Battery Ventures XII, L.P. |
09/24/2024 | 2,943,000 | Scott Tobin(3) | |||||||
Battery Investment Partners XII, LLC |
09/24/2024 | 57,000 | Scott Tobin(3) | |||||||
Aliya Growth Fund LLC – Series RR |
09/30/2024 | 2,675,000 | Ross Kestin(1) | |||||||
Aliya Growth Fund LLC – Series RR |
02/24/2025 | 2,500,000 | Ross Kestin(1) | |||||||
Battery Ventures XII, L.P. |
02/24/2025 | 1,471,500 | Scott Tobin(3) | |||||||
Battery Investment Partners XII, LLC |
02/24/2025 | 28,500 | Scott Tobin(3) | |||||||
(1) |
Ross Kestin is the Founding Partner and CEO of Aliya and is a former director of the Legacy Kodiak Board. |
| (2) | SIP holds more than 5% of the outstanding capital stock of Legacy Kodiak and is expected to hold more than 5% of the outstanding capital stock of Kodiak upon the Closing. |
| (3) | Scott Tobin is Senior Partner at Battery Ventures and serves as a director on the Legacy Kodiak Board. |
Lender Name |
Date of Transaction |
Delayed Draw Second Lien Loan ($) |
Related Party |
Description of the Relationship |
||||||||||||
Aliya Growth Fund LLC – Series AG |
04/14/2025 | 5,000,000 | Ross Kestin | (1 | ) | |||||||||||
(1) |
Ross Kestin is the Founding Partner and CEO of Aliya and is a former director of the Legacy Kodiak Board. |



8 |
Verified Market Research, Road Freight Transportation Market Size and Forecast 2023-2031, July 2024. |
9 |
ATA, ATA U.S. Freight Transportation Forecast to 2035, January 2025 (“ ATA Freight Transportation Forecast |
10 |
ATA, American Trucking Trends 2024, September 2024. |
11 |
The Business Research Company, Military Truck Global Market Report 2023, October 2023. |
| • | Safety Risks: 13 From 2021 through 2023, over 15,000 people died in crashes involving large trucks on American roads.14 These risks are especially acute in remote and industrial settings like the Permian Basin, where from 2018 to 2022, crashes were more than twice as likely to be deadly compared to crashes elsewhere in Texas.15 Research by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (“FMCSA 16 |
| • | Labor Shortages and Work Force Challenges: 17 The ATA estimated that between 2021 and 2030, the United States will need to add nearly one million new truck drivers to both replace retiring drivers and meet anticipated freight demand.18 Additionally, as of 2023, annual driver turnover in large fleets was over 70%19 , and initiatives like under-21 pilot programs have struggled to attract young drivers, suggesting that younger workers do not find these jobs appealing.20 |
| • | Rising Costs and Inefficiencies: 21 In addition, fuel costs and inefficient driving further increase expenses. These costs compare to approximately 31% cumulative inflation experienced in the United States over the same period.22 |
| • | Strategic and Operational Pressures: next-day or same-day delivery, according to a 2022 report.23 This shift has further increased demands on the trucking industry. |
| • | Improved Safety: 360-degree perception and faster-than-human reaction times. Additionally the Kodiak Driver learns in parallel: when one Kodiak Driver- |
12 |
American Transportation Research Institute, An Analysis of the Operational Costs of Trucking: 2024 Update, June 2024 (“ ATRI Report |
13 |
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Civilian occupations with high fatal work injury rates, 2023, December 2024. |
14 |
U.S. Department of Transportation, Motor Carrier Safety Progress Report Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, March 31, 2024 (“ USDOT Safety Report |
15 |
Center for Transportation Safety at the Texas A&M Transportation Institute, Analysis of Crash Data in the Texas Permian Basin, 2024. |
16 |
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, The Large Truck Crash Causation Study—Analysis Brief, July 2007 (“ FMCSA Study |
17 |
Bobby Samuels, The Economic Factors Fueling the Trucker Shortage, Vision Magazine, June 27, 2024. |
18 |
ATA, Driver Shortage Update 2021, October 25, 2021. |
19 |
ATRI Report. |
20 |
U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Waivers, Exemptions, and Pilot Programs Annual Report to Congress Fiscal Year 2022, April 2024. |
21 |
ATRI Report. |
22 |
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, CPI Inflation Calculator, May 2025. |
23 |
Retailer Industry Leaders Association and McKinsey & Company, Retail Speaks. Retailer delivery speed goals as of 2022. |
powered truck learns something new, all Kodiak Driver-powered trucks become smarter and safer. By reducing exposure to human error and fatigue and providing capabilities beyond what is possible with human drivers, we believe the Kodiak Driver enhances the safety profile of freight operations. |
| • | Reliable Freight Supply: |
| • | Increased Utilization and Margins: 24 and are estimated to drive an average of only 6.5 hours a day,25 Kodiak Driver-powered trucks can operate nearly 24/7, stopping to refuel, receive maintenance and pick up and drop off loads. We believe this will allow our customers to meaningfully increase their truck utilization. In addition, AV trucks can optimize fuel use through less truck idling, more efficient routing, fewer non-revenue generating miles, and more consistent driving. We believe these collective improvements will expand our customers’ operating margins. |
| • | Single Solution for Diverse Environments: on-highway driverless operations faster and more efficiently. |
24 |
Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, Summary of Hours of Service Regulation, https://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/regulations/hours-service/summary-hours-service-regulations, last updated March 28, 2022. |
25 |
Goldilocks and the Three Dispatchers: Quantifying the Impact of Dispatcher Management on Truck Driver Performance, https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/130951/Proctor_Sousa_Jr_project_Goldilocks_and_the_Three_Dispatchers.pdf, June 2021. |
| 1. | Customer-Focused Design |
26 |
Fleet size data consists of existing customers as reported in (1) Transport Topics, 2024 Essential Financial and Operating Information for the 100 Largest For-Hire Carriers in North America and (2) the FMCSA Company Snapshot Report webpage accessed on March 10, 2025 (“Transport Topics and FMCSA Company Snapshot Report lease-to-own |
| 2. | Cutting-edge AI Powering a Unified Virtual Driver |
| 3. | Independence from HD Maps |
| 4. | Common Technology Platform |
| 5. | Modular Hardware |
| 6. | Assisted Autonomy |



| 1. | SensorPods |

| 2. | Redundant Architecture |
| 3. | AI Compute |
| 4. | Actuation Control Engine (“ACE”) |

27 |
Transport Topics and FMCSA Company Snapshot Report. Fleet size includes company-owned, lease-to-own and owner-operator tractors. |





| • | market reputation; |
| • | safety and reliability; |
| • | technology quality; |
| • | team quality; |
| • | go-to-market |
| • | commercial traction; |
| • | capital efficiency; and |
| • | intellectual property portfolio. |
29 |
U.S. Department of Transportation, Preparing for the Future of Transportation—Automated Vehicles 3.0, 2018. |
30 |
FMCSA Study. |
31 |
USDOT Safety Report. |
| • | Safety |
| • | Integrity |
| • | Innovation |
| • | Teamwork best-in-class |
| • | Trust and Accountability |
30 |
ATA Freight Transportation Forecast. |
31 |
Transport Topics and FMCSA Company Snapshot Report. Fleet size includes company-owned, lease-to-own and owner-operator tractors. |
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||||||||||
2025 |
2024 |
$ Change |
% Change |
|||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 1,471 | $ | 422 | $ | 1,049 | 249 | % | ||||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||
Research and development |
10,134 | 9,332 | 802 | 9 | % | |||||||||||
General and administrative |
5,125 | 5,341 | (216 | ) | (4 | )% | ||||||||||
Truck and freight operations |
4,005 | 1,997 | 2,008 | 101 | % | |||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
806 | 795 | 11 | 1 | % | |||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
20,070 | 17,465 | 2,605 | 15 | % | |||||||||||
Loss from operations |
(18,599 | ) | (17,043 | ) | (1,556 | ) | 9 | % | ||||||||
Other (expenses) income: |
||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(1,264 | ) | (1,346 | ) | 82 | (6 | )% | |||||||||
Interest income and other, net |
169 | 286 | (117 | ) | (41 | )% | ||||||||||
Change in fair value of simple agreements for future equity |
(108,375 | ) | — | (108,375 | ) | N/M | ||||||||||
Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities |
(115 | ) | 107 | (222 | ) | (207 | )% | |||||||||
Net loss before income taxes |
$ | (128,184 | ) | $ | (17,996 | ) | $ | (110,188 | ) | 612 | % | |||||
| N/M | = not meaningful |
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
$ Change |
% Change |
|||||||||||||
Revenues |
$ | 14,933 | $ | 16,946 | $ | (2,013 | ) | (12 | )% | |||||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||||||||||
Research and development |
43,436 | 39,469 | 3,967 | 10 | % | |||||||||||
General and administrative |
20,999 | 20,305 | 694 | 3 | % | |||||||||||
Truck and freight operations |
9,013 | 7,662 | 1,351 | 18 | % | |||||||||||
Sales and marketing |
3,204 | 3,359 | (155 | ) | (5 | )% | ||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
76,652 | 70,795 | 5,857 | 8 | % | |||||||||||
Loss from operations |
(61,719 | ) | (53,849 | ) | (7,870 | ) | 15 | % | ||||||||
Other (expenses) income: |
||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(4,951 | ) | (5,407 | ) | 456 | (8 | )% | |||||||||
Interest income and other, net |
895 | 2,194 | (1,299 | ) | (59 | )% | ||||||||||
Change in fair value of simple agreements for future equity |
(4,109 | ) | — | (4,109 | ) | N/M | ||||||||||
Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities |
426 | 126 | 300 | 238 | % | |||||||||||
Net loss before income taxes |
$ | (69,458 | ) | $ | (56,936 | ) | $ | (12,522 | ) | 22 | % | |||||
| N/M | = not meaningful |
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2025 |
2024 |
|||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by: |
||||||||
Operating activities |
$ | (16,506 | ) | $ | (9,010 | ) | ||
Investing activities |
(2,320 | ) | (107 | ) | ||||
Financing activities |
19,784 | (533 | ) | |||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash |
$ | 958 | $ | (9,650 | ) | |||
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Net cash (used in) provided by: |
||||||||
Operating activities |
$ | (50,961 | ) | $ | (43,842 | ) | ||
Investing activities |
(3,212 | ) | 17,278 | |||||
Financing activities |
43,126 | 12,029 | ||||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash |
$ | (11,047 | ) | $ | (14,535 | ) | ||
| • | identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer; |
| • | identification of the performance obligations in the contract; |
| • | determination of the transaction price; |
| • | allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and |
| • | recognition of revenue when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied. |
| • | Fair Value of Common Stock – |
| • | Expected Term time-to-vesting |
| • | Expected Volatility – |
| • | Risk-Free Interest Rate – |
| • | Expected Dividend – |
| • | Don Burnette—Chief Executive Officer |
| • | Andreas Wendel—Chief Technology Officer |
| • | Michael Wiesinger—Chief Operating Officer |
Name and Principal Position |
Year |
Salary ($) |
Option Awards ($) (1) |
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) (2) |
Total ($) |
|||||||||||||||
Don Burnette Chief Executive Officer |
2024 | 325,000 | — | 65,000 | 390,000 | |||||||||||||||
Andreas Wendel Chief Technology Officer |
2024 | 350,000 | 309,960 | 140,000 | 799,960 | |||||||||||||||
Michael Wiesinger Chief Operating Officer |
2024 | 294,365 | 486,797 | 73,530 | 854,692 | |||||||||||||||
| (1) | Amounts reported represent the aggregate grant date fair value of stock options granted to each named executive officer in fiscal 2024 computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation (“ ASC 718 |
| (2) | Represents cash bonuses earned by the named executive officers pursuant to the Company’s Incentive Bonus Plan for 2024 performance. |
Option Awards (1) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Name |
Grant Date |
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Exercisable (#) |
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options Unexercisable (#) |
Option Exercise Price ($) (2) |
Option Expiration Date |
|||||||||||||||
Andreas Wendel (3) |
04/21/2021 | 202,380 | — | 0.23 | 04/20/2031 | |||||||||||||||
Andreas Wendel (4) |
02/09/2022 | 4,979,623 | 1,659,875 | 0.45 | 02/08/2032 | |||||||||||||||
Andreas Wendel (5) |
08/21/2024 | — | 999,872 | 0.31 | 08/20/2034 | |||||||||||||||
Michael Wiesinger (6) |
12/23/2021 | 463,494 | 154,498 | 0.45 | 12/22/2031 | |||||||||||||||
Michael Wiesinger (7) |
06/02/2022 | 83,322 | 49,994 | 0.45 | 06/01/2032 | |||||||||||||||
Michael Wiesinger (8) |
12/18/2022 | 276,646 | 276,646 | 0.45 | 12/17/2032 | |||||||||||||||
Michael Wiesinger (9) |
08/30/2023 | 74,990 | 124,984 | 0.45 | 08/29/2033 | |||||||||||||||
Michael Wiesinger (10) |
08/21/2024 | 294,433 | 1,275,880 | 0.31 | 08/20/2034 | |||||||||||||||
| (1) | All stock options were granted pursuant to our 2018 Plan. |
| (2) | This column represents the fair market value of a share of Legacy Kodiak Common Stock on the date of the grant, as determined by our board of directors. The exercise price of each of Mr. Wendel’s equity award and Mr. Wiesinger’s equity awards with a grant date of November 11, 2022 was repriced to $0.45 per share in November 2022. |
| (3) | 1/12th of the shares subject to the option vested each month following April 20, 2021. |
| (4) | 1/8th of the shares subject to the option vested on December 15, 2021 and 1/48th of the shares subject to the option began vesting each month thereafter, subject to the holder’s continuous service through the applicable vesting date. |
| (5) | 1/8th of the shares subject to the option vested on July 1, 2024 and 1/48th of the shares subject to the option began vesting each month thereafter, subject to the holder’s continuous service through the applicable vesting date. |
| (6) | 1/8th of the shares subject to the option vested on December 15, 2021 and 1/48th of the shares subject to the option began vesting each month thereafter, subject to the holder’s continuous service through the applicable vesting date. |
| (7) | 1/8th of the shares subject to the option vested on June 15, 2022 and 1/48th of the shares subject to the option began vesting each month thereafter, subject to the holder’s continuous service through the applicable vesting date. |
| (8) | 1/8th of the shares subject to the option vested on December 15, 2022 and 1/48th of the shares subject to the option began vesting each month thereafter, subject to the holder’s continuous service through the applicable vesting date. |
| (9) | 1/8th of the shares subject to the option vested on June 15, 2023 and 1/48th of the shares subject to the option began vesting each month thereafter, subject to the holder’s continuous service through the applicable vesting date. |
| (10) | 1/8th of the shares subject to the option vested on March 1, 2024 and 1/48th of the shares subject to the option began vesting each month thereafter, subject to the holder’s continuous service through the applicable vesting date. |
Name |
Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) |
Option Awards ($) (1)(2) |
All Other Compensation ($) |
Total ($) |
||||||||||||
Mohamed Elshenawy |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||
Kenneth Goldman |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||
Ross Kestin (3) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||
James Reed |
— |
— |
$ |
22,859 |
(4) |
— |
||||||||||
Kristin Sverchek |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||
Scott Tobin |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||||||||
| (1) | The amounts reported represent the aggregate grant-date fair value of the stock options awarded to the directors in fiscal 2024, computed in accordance ASC 718, excluding the effect of any estimated forfeitures. Assumptions used in the calculation of this amount are included in Note 13 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this proxy statement/prospectus. |
| (2) | The following lists all outstanding equity awards held by non-employee directors as of December 31, 2024. |
(3) |
Ross Kestin served as member of the Legacy Kodiak Board until July 2025. |
(4) |
The amount reported represents the cash compensation earned by Mr. Reed in 2024 for the services rendered in his capacity as the prior Chief Operating Officer of Legacy Kodiak. |
| • | 100% of the executive officer’s then-outstanding and unvested equity awards will become fully vested and exercisable and any applicable performance goals will be deemed achieved at target achievement; |
| • | A lump sum cash amount equal to 100% of the executive officer’s base salary (or, for Mr. Burnette, 150%) as in effect immediately prior to the termination (or if the termination is due to a resignation for good reason based on a material reduction in base salary, then the executive officer’s annual base salary in effect immediately prior to such reduction) or the change in control, whichever is greater; |
| • | A lump sum payment equal to the executive officer’s target bonus for the year of such termination of employment based on actual achievement and pro-rated based on the portion of such year that the executive officer was employed by us; and |
| • | Payment or reimbursement of continued health coverage for the executive officer and the executive officer’s eligible dependents under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended (“ COBRA |
• |
A lump sum cash amount equal to 50% of the executive officer’s base salary (or, for Mr. Burnette, 100%) in effect immediately prior to the termination (or if the termination is due to resignation for good reason based on a material reduction in base salary, then the annual base salary in effect immediately prior to such reduction); and |
| • | Payment or reimbursement of continued health coverage for the executive officer and the executive officer’s eligible dependents under COBRA for a period of up to 6 months (or, for Mr. Burnette, 12 months) or a taxable lump sum payment in lieu of payment or reimbursement, as applicable. |
| • | $60,000 per year for service as a board member; |
| • | $40,000 per year for service as non-employee chair of the board of directors; |
| • | $20,000 per year for service as chair of the Kodiak Audit Committee; |
| • | $10,000 per year for service as a member of the Kodiak Audit Committee; |
| • | $15,000 per year for service as chair of the Kodiak Compensation Committee; |
| • | $7,500 per year for service as a member of the Kodiak Compensation Committee; |
| • | $10,000 per year for service as chair of the Kodiak Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee; and |
| • | $5,000 per year for service as a member of the Kodiak Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. |
Name |
Age (1) |
Position | ||||
Don Burnette |
39 |
Chief Executive Officer and Class I Director | ||||
Eric Chow |
42 |
Chief Financial Officer | ||||
Jordan Coleman |
43 |
Chief Legal and Policy Officer | ||||
Zsuzsanna Major |
53 |
Chief People Officer | ||||
Andreas Wendel |
41 |
Chief Technology Officer | ||||
Michael Wiesinger |
38 |
Chief Operating Officer | ||||
Mohamed Elshenawy |
50 |
Class II Director | ||||
Kenneth Goldman |
76 |
Class III Director | ||||
James Reed |
52 |
Class II Director | ||||
Allyson Satin |
39 |
Class III Director | ||||
Kristin Sverchek |
42 |
Class I Director | ||||
Scott Tobin |
54 |
Class II Director | ||||
(1) |
As of July 17, 2025. |
| • | evaluating the performance, independence and qualifications of Kodiak’s independent auditors and determining whether to retain Kodiak’s existing independent auditors or engage new independent auditors; |
| • | providing oversight of the internal audit function, ensuring its independence, objectivity, and effectiveness in promoting a strong internal controls environment; |
| • | reviewing Kodiak’s financial reporting processes and disclosure controls; |
| • | reviewing and approving the engagement of Kodiak’s independent auditors to perform audit services and any permissible non-audit services; |
| • | reviewing Kodiak’s cash management, investing activities and tax planning and compliance and approving related policies; |
| • | reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of Kodiak’s internal controls policies and procedures, including the responsibilities, budget, staffing and effectiveness of Kodiak’s internal audit function, if applicable; |
| • | reviewing with the independent auditors the annual audit plan, including the scope of audit activities and all critical accounting policies and practices to be used by Kodiak; |
| • | obtaining and reviewing at least annually a report by Kodiak’s independent auditors describing the independent auditors’ internal quality control procedures and any material issues raised by the most recent internal quality-control review; |
| • | monitoring the rotation of partners of Kodiak’s independent auditors on Kodiak’s engagement team as required by law; |
| • | prior to engagement of any independent auditor, and at least annually thereafter, reviewing relationships that may reasonably be thought to bear on their independence, and assessing and otherwise taking the appropriate action to oversee the independence of Kodiak’s independent auditor; |
| • | reviewing Kodiak’s annual and quarterly financial statements and reports, including the disclosures contained in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and discussing the statements and reports with Kodiak’s independent auditors and management; |
| • | reviewing with Kodiak’s independent auditors and management significant issues that arise regarding accounting principles and financial statement presentation and matters concerning the scope, adequacy, and effectiveness of Kodiak’s financial controls and critical accounting policies; |
| • | reviewing with management any earnings announcements and other public announcements regarding material developments; |
| • | establishing procedures for the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by Kodiak regarding financial controls, accounting, auditing or other matters; |
| • | preparing the report that the SEC requires in Kodiak’s annual proxy statement; |
| • | reviewing and providing oversight of any related person transactions in accordance with Kodiak’s related person transaction policy and reviewing and monitoring compliance with legal and regulatory responsibilities, including Kodiak’s Code of Conduct (as defined below); |
| • | consider questions of actual or possible conflicts of interests of Kodiak’s Board members and of its corporate officers and approve or prohibit applicable transactions or matters; |
| • | reviewing Kodiak’s major financial risk exposures, including the guidelines and policies to govern the process by which risk assessment and risk management is implemented; and |
| • | reviewing and evaluating on an annual basis the performance of the Kodiak Audit Committee and the Kodiak Audit Committee charter. |
| • | reviewing and approving the corporate objectives that pertain to the determination of executive compensation; |
| • | reviewing and approving or recommending for the Kodiak Board approval the compensation and other terms of employment and any other material arrangements for Kodiak’s executive officers; |
| • | making recommendations to the Kodiak Board regarding the administration, including adoption or amendment, of employee benefit and equity incentive plans and approving amendments to such plans to the extent authorized by the Kodiak Board; |
| • | reviewing and making recommendations to the Kodiak Board regarding the type and amount of compensation to be paid for service on the Kodiak Board and its committees; |
| • | reviewing and assessing the independence of compensation consultants, legal counsel and other advisors as required by Section 10C of the Exchange Act; |
| • | reviewing and approving or recommending to the Board for approval, the administration, including the adoption or amendment, of any clawback policy; |
| • | reviewing with management Kodiak’s disclosures under the caption “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” in Kodiak’s periodic reports or proxy statements to be filed with the SEC, to the extent such caption is included in any such report or proxy statement; |
| • | preparing an annual report on executive compensation that the SEC requires in Kodiak’s annual proxy statement; |
| • | advising the Board on management proposals to stockholders on executive compensation matters, including advisory votes on executive compensation and the frequency of such votes, and proposals received from stockholders on executive compensation matters; |
| • | reviewing risk management and compensation policies and practices to determine whether the policies and practices encourage excessive risk-taking; and |
| • | reviewing and evaluating on an annual basis the performance of the Kodiak Compensation Committee and recommending such changes as deemed necessary with the Kodiak Board. |
| • | identifying, reviewing and making recommendations of candidates to serve on the Kodiak Board; |
| • | evaluating the performance of the Kodiak Board, committees of the Kodiak Board and individual directors and recommending to the Kodiak Board whether continued service on the Kodiak Board is appropriate; |
| • | evaluating nominations by stockholders of candidates for election to the Kodiak Board; |
| • | evaluating the current size, composition and organization of the Kodiak Board and its committees and making recommendations to the Kodiak Board for approvals; |
| • | developing a set of corporate governance policies and guidelines and recommending to the Kodiak Board any changes to such policies and guidelines; |
| • | reviewing issues and developments related to corporate governance and identifying and bringing to the attention of the Kodiak Board current and emerging corporate governance trends; |
| • | reviewing periodically the succession planning process for Kodiak’s executive management team and assisting the Kodiak Board in evaluating potential successors; |
| • | reviewing and discussing with management disclosure of Kodiak’s corporate governance practices and recommending any proposed disclosure to be included in Kodiak’s proxy statement or annual report to the Kodiak Board; and |
| • | reviewing periodically the nominating and corporate governance committee charter, structure and membership requirements and recommending any proposed changes to the Kodiak Board, including undertaking an annual review of its own performance. |
| • | any breach of the director’s or officer’s duty of loyalty to Kodiak or Kodiak’s stockholders; |
| • | acts or omissions of a director or officer not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law; |
| • | with respect to a director, unlawful payment of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions; |
| • | any transaction from which the director or officer derived an improper personal benefit; and |
| • | with respect to an officer, any action by or in the right of Kodiak. |
| • | 1% of the total number of Kodiak Common Stock then outstanding; or |
| • | the average weekly reported trading volume of the Kodiak Common Stock or Kodiak Warrants, as applicable, during the four calendar weeks preceding the date on which notice of the sale is filed with the SEC. |
| • | the issuer of the securities that was formerly a shell company has ceased to be a shell company; |
| • | the issuer of the securities is subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act; |
| • | the issuer of the securities has filed all Exchange Act reports and material required to be filed, as applicable, during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the issuer was required to file such reports and materials), other than Form 8-K reports; and |
| • | at least one year has elapsed from the time that the issuer filed current Form 10 type information with the SEC reflecting its status as an entity that is not a shell company. |
Page |
||||
ARES ACQUISITION CORPORATION II |
||||
F-2 |
||||
Audited Financial Statements: |
||||
F-3 |
||||
F-4 |
||||
F-5 |
||||
F-6 |
||||
F-7 |
||||
Unaudited Financial Statements: |
||||
F-22 |
||||
F-23 |
||||
F-24 |
||||
F-25 |
||||
F-26 |
||||
KODIAK ROBOTICS, INC. |
||||
F-43 |
||||
(Deloitte & Touche LLP) (PCAOB ID: 34) |
||||
F-44 |
||||
(Ernst & Young LLP) (PCAOB ID: 42) |
||||
Audited Financial Statements |
||||
F-45 |
||||
F-46 |
||||
F-47 |
||||
F-48 |
||||
F-49 |
||||
Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements |
||||
F-78 |
||||
F-79 |
||||
F-80 |
||||
F-81 |
||||
F-82 |
||||
As of December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
| Assets |
||||||||
| Current assets: |
||||||||
| Cash |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total current assets |
||||||||
| Investments held in Trust Account |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total assets |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Liabilities and shareholders’ deficit |
||||||||
| Current liabilities: |
||||||||
| Accrued expenses |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Due to related party |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total current liabilities |
||||||||
| Overfunding loans |
||||||||
| Deferred underwriting and advisory fees |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total liabilities |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Commitments and contingencies |
||||||||
| Class A ordinary shares, $ |
||||||||
| Shareholders’ deficit |
||||||||
| Preference shares, $ |
||||||||
| Class A ordinary shares, $ |
||||||||
| Class B ordinary shares, $ |
||||||||
| Accumulated deficit |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total shareholders’ deficit |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ deficit |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
For the year ended December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
| General and administrative expenses |
$ | $ | ||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Loss from operations |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Other income: |
||||||||
| Investment income on investments held in Trust Account |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Total other income |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Net income |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding of Class A ordinary shares |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Basic and diluted net income per share, Class A ordinary shares |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding of Class B ordinary shares (1) |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Basic and diluted net income per share, Class B ordinary shares |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
(1) |
On April 25, 2023, the Company consummated the sale of Over-Allotment Units pursuant to the underwriters’ partial exercise of their over-allotment option. All share and per share amounts have been retroactively restated to reflect the share surrender and share recapitalization events and the share forfeitures (see Note 4). |
Ordinary Shares |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Accumulated Deficit |
Total Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) |
|||||||||||||||||
Class B |
||||||||||||||||||||
Shares |
Amount |
|||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2022 (1) |
$ |
$ |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
||||||||||||||
Sale of private placement warrants |
— | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Fair value of public warrants at issuance |
— | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Accretion of Class A ordinary shares to redemption amount |
— | — | ( |
) | ( |
) | ( |
) | ||||||||||||
Net income |
— | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2023 (1) |
— |
( |
) |
( |
) | |||||||||||||||
Accretion of Class A ordinary shares to redemption amount |
— | — | — | ( |
) | ( |
) | |||||||||||||
Net income |
— | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2024 |
$ |
$ |
— |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) | |||||||||||
(1) |
On April 25, 2023, the Company consummated the sale of Over-Allotment Units pursuant to the underwriters’ partial exercise of their over-allotment option. All share amounts have been retroactively restated to reflect the share surrender and share recapitalization events and the share forfeitures (see Note 4). |
For the year ended December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||
| Net income |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: |
||||||||
| Investment income earned on investments held in Trust Account |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||||||
| Prepaid expenses |
( |
) | ||||||
| Accrued expenses |
||||||||
| Due to related party |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Net cash used in operating activities |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||
| Cash deposited in Trust Account |
( |
) | ||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Net cash used in investing activities |
( |
) | ||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: |
||||||||
| Proceeds received from initial public offering, gross |
||||||||
| Proceeds received from sale of private placement warrants |
||||||||
| Proceeds received from overfunding loans |
||||||||
| Repayment of promissory note |
( |
) | ||||||
| Payment of underwriter and advisory fee |
( |
) | ||||||
| Payment of offering costs |
( |
) | ||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Net change in cash |
( |
) | ||||||
| Cash – beginning of period |
||||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Cash – end of period |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| |
|
|
|
|||||
| Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities |
||||||||
| Offering costs included in accrued expenses |
$ | $ | ( |
) | ||||
| Deferred offering costs paid by Sponsor through promissory note |
$ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred underwriting and advisory fees |
$ | $ | ||||||
| • | Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; |
| • | Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and |
| • | Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. |
Gross proceeds |
$ |
|||
Less: |
||||
Proceeds allocated to Public Warrants |
( |
) | ||
Class A ordinary shares issuance costs |
( |
) | ||
Plus: |
||||
Accretion of carrying value to redemption value |
||||
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption as of December 31, 2023 |
||||
Plus: |
||||
Accretion of carrying value to redemption value |
||||
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption as of December 31, 2024 |
$ |
|||
For the year ended December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Class A ordinary shares |
||||||||
Numerator: |
||||||||
Net income attributable to Class A ordinary shares |
$ | $ | ||||||
Denominator: |
||||||||
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Class A ordinary shares |
||||||||
Basic and diluted net income per share, Class A ordinary shares |
$ |
$ |
||||||
Class B ordinary shares |
||||||||
Numerator: |
||||||||
Net income attributable to Class B ordinary shares |
$ | $ | ||||||
Denominator: |
||||||||
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Class B ordinary shares |
||||||||
Basic and diluted net income per share, Class B ordinary shares |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| • | in whole and not in part; |
| • | at a price of $ |
| • | upon not less than |
| • | if, and only if, the closing price of the Company’s Class A ordinary shares equals or exceeds $ |
Description |
Level |
As of December 31, 2024 |
As of December 31, 2023 |
|||||||
Assets, at fair value |
||||||||||
Investments held in Trust Account |
1 | $ | $ | |||||||
As of March 31, 2025 |
As of December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
(Unaudited) |
||||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash |
$ | $ | ||||||
Prepaid expenses |
||||||||
Total current assets |
||||||||
Investments held in Trust Account |
||||||||
Total assets |
$ |
$ |
||||||
Liabilities and shareholders’ deficit |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Accrued expenses |
$ | $ | ||||||
Due to related party |
||||||||
Total current liabilities |
||||||||
Overfunding loans |
||||||||
Deferred underwriting and advisory fees |
||||||||
Total liabilities |
||||||||
Commitments and contingencies |
||||||||
Class A ordinary shares, $ |
||||||||
Shareholders’ deficit |
||||||||
Preference shares, $ |
||||||||
Class A ordinary shares, $ |
||||||||
Class B ordinary shares, $ |
||||||||
Accumulated deficit |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
Total shareholders’ deficit |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||
Total liabilities and shareholders’ deficit |
$ |
$ |
||||||
For the three months ended March 31, |
||||||||
2025 |
2024 |
|||||||
General and administrative expenses |
$ | $ | ||||||
Loss from operations |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||
Other income: |
||||||||
Investment income on investments held in Trust Account |
||||||||
Total other income |
||||||||
Net income |
$ |
$ |
||||||
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding of Class A ordinary shares |
||||||||
Basic and diluted net income per share, Class A ordinary shares |
$ |
$ |
||||||
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding of Class B ordinary shares |
||||||||
Basic and diluted net income per share, Class B ordinary shares |
$ |
$ |
||||||
For the three months ended March 31, 2025 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Class B Ordinary Shares |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Accumulated Deficit |
Total Shareholders’ Deficit |
|||||||||||||||||
Shares |
Amount |
|||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2024 |
$ |
$ |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) | ||||||||||||
Accretion of Class A ordinary shares to redemption amount |
— | — | — | ( |
) | ( |
) | |||||||||||||
Net income |
— | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Balance as of March 31, 2025 |
$ |
$ |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) | ||||||||||||
For the three months ended March 31, 2024 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Class B Ordinary Shares |
Additional Paid-in Capital |
Accumulated Deficit |
Total Shareholders’ Deficit |
|||||||||||||||||
Shares |
Amount |
|||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |
$ |
$ |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) | ||||||||||||
Accretion of Class A ordinary shares to redemption amount |
— | — | — | ( |
) | ( |
) | |||||||||||||
Net income |
— | — | — | |||||||||||||||||
Balance as of March 31, 2024 |
$ |
$ |
$ |
( |
) |
$ |
( |
) | ||||||||||||
For the three months ended March 31, |
||||||||
2025 |
2024 |
|||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||
Net income |
$ |
$ |
||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: |
||||||||
Investment income earned on investments held in Trust Account |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||||||
Prepaid expenses |
||||||||
Accrued expenses |
||||||||
Due to related party |
||||||||
Net cash used in operating activities |
( |
) |
( |
) | ||||
Net change in cash |
( |
) | ( |
) | ||||
Cash – beginning of period |
||||||||
Cash – end of period |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| • | Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets; |
| • | Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and |
| • | Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions, such as valuations derived from valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. |
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption as of December 31, 2023 |
$ |
|||
Plus: |
||||
Accretion of carrying value to redemption value |
||||
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption as of December 31, 2024 |
||||
Plus: |
||||
Accretion of carrying value to redemption value |
||||
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption as of March 31, 2025 |
$ |
|||
For the three months ended March 31, |
||||||||
2025 |
2024 |
|||||||
Class A ordinary shares |
||||||||
Numerator: |
||||||||
Net income attributable to Class A ordinary shares |
$ | $ | ||||||
Denominator: |
||||||||
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Class A ordinary shares |
||||||||
Basic and diluted net income per share, Class A ordinary shares |
$ |
$ |
||||||
Class B ordinary shares |
||||||||
Numerator: |
||||||||
Net income attributable to Class B ordinary shares |
$ | $ | ||||||
Denominator: |
||||||||
Basic and diluted weighted average shares outstanding, Class B ordinary shares |
||||||||
Basic and diluted net income per share, Class B ordinary shares |
$ |
$ |
||||||
| • | in whole and not in part; |
| • | at a price of $ |
| • | upon not less than |
| • | if, and only if, the closing price of the Company’s Class A ordinary shares equals or exceeds $ |
Description |
Level |
As of March 31, 2025 |
As of December 31, 2024 |
|||||||||
Assets, at fair value |
||||||||||||
Investments held in Trust Account |
1 | $ | $ | |||||||||
December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 16,709 | $ | 27,756 | ||||
Accounts receivable |
1,280 | 236 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
2,260 | 2,904 | ||||||
Total current assets |
20,249 | 30,896 | ||||||
Restricted cash |
1,450 | 1,450 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net |
6,723 | 7,746 | ||||||
Operating lease right-of-use |
7,115 | 5,920 | ||||||
Other assets |
24 | 281 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 35,561 | $ | 46,293 | ||||
Liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ deficit |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 1,372 | $ | 1,821 | ||||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
11,416 | 6,274 | ||||||
Operating lease liabilities, current |
1,638 | 1,592 | ||||||
Debt, current portion |
16,792 | 5,193 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
31,218 | 14,880 | ||||||
Debt, net of current portion |
17,574 | 31,009 | ||||||
Simple agreements for future equity |
59,301 | 10,000 | ||||||
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent |
5,723 | 4,539 | ||||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities |
1,619 | 2,045 | ||||||
Other liabilities |
313 | 270 | ||||||
Total liabilities |
115,748 | 62,743 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 9) |
||||||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value $0.000001; 98,127 shares authorized as of December 31, 2024 and 2023; 93,963 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively |
170,648 | 170,648 | ||||||
Stockholders’ deficit: |
||||||||
Common stock, $0.000001 par value; 265,000 shares authorized as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023; 87,646 and 87,222 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively |
— | — | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
17,309 | 11,587 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(268,144 | ) | (198,685 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders’ deficit |
(250,835 | ) | (187,098 | ) | ||||
Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ deficit |
$ | 35,561 | $ | 46,293 | ||||
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Revenues |
$ | 14,933 | $ | 16,946 | ||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||
Research and development |
43,436 | 39,469 | ||||||
General and administrative |
20,999 | 20,305 | ||||||
Truck and freight operations |
9,013 | 7,662 | ||||||
Sales and marketing |
3,204 | 3,359 | ||||||
Total operating expenses |
76,652 | 70,795 | ||||||
Loss from operations |
(61,719 | ) | (53,849 | ) | ||||
Other (expenses) income: |
||||||||
Interest expense |
(4,951 | ) | (5,407 | ) | ||||
Interest income and other, net |
895 | 2,194 | ||||||
Change in fair value of simple agreements for future equity |
(4,109 | ) | — | |||||
Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities |
426 | 126 | ||||||
Total other expenses |
(7,739 | ) | (3,087 | ) | ||||
Net loss before income taxes |
(69,458 | ) | (56,936 | ) | ||||
Income taxes |
(1 | ) | (9 | ) | ||||
Net loss |
(69,459 | ) | (56,945 | ) | ||||
Other comprehensive loss: |
||||||||
Unrealized loss on marketable securities |
— | (10 | ) | |||||
Comprehensive loss |
$ | (69,459 | ) | $ | (56,955 | ) | ||
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted |
$ | (0.79 | ) | $ | (0.65 | ) | ||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted |
88,181 | 87,459 | ||||||
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock |
Common Stock |
Additional Paid-In Capital |
Accumulated Deficit |
Accumulated Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Total Stockholders’ Deficit |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares |
Amount |
Shares |
Amount |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2022 |
93,963 | $ | 170,648 | 86,360 | $ | — | $ | 6,602 | $ | (141,740) | $ | 10 | $ | (135,128) | ||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options |
— | — | 862 | — | 306 | — | — | 306 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive loss |
— | — | — | — | — | — | (10 | ) | (10 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
— | — | — | — | 5,399 | — | — | 5,399 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Correction of an immaterial error of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants |
— | — | — | — | (720 | ) | — | — | (720 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
— | — | — | — | — | (56,945 | ) | — | (56,945 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |
93,963 | $ | 170,648 | 87,222 | $ | — | $ | 11,587 | $ | (198,685 | ) | $ | — | $ | (187,098 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options |
— | — | 424 | — | 172 | — | — | 172 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
— | — | — | — | 5,550 | — | — | 5,550 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
— | — | — | — | — | (69,459 | ) | — | (69,459 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2024 |
93,963 | $ | 170,648 | 87,646 | $ | — | $ | 17,309 | $ | (268,144 | ) | $ | — | $ | (250,835 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Operating activities: |
||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (69,459 | ) | $ | (56,945 | ) | ||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
4,616 | 4,114 | ||||||
Stock-based compensation |
5,550 | 5,399 | ||||||
Non-cash lease expense |
1,832 | 2,164 | ||||||
Accretion of discount on marketable securities |
— | (909 | ) | |||||
Change in fair value of simple agreements for future equity |
4,109 | — | ||||||
Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities |
(426 | ) | (126 | ) | ||||
Non-cash interest expense |
402 | 788 | ||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts receivable |
(1,044 | ) | 9 | |||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
645 | (484 | ) | |||||
Other assets |
276 | (276 | ) | |||||
Accounts payable |
(811 | ) | 558 | |||||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
5,102 | 3,833 | ||||||
Operating lease liabilities |
(1,796 | ) | (2,222 | ) | ||||
Other liabilities |
43 | 255 | ||||||
Net cash used in operating activities |
(50,961 | ) | (43,842 | ) | ||||
Investing activities: |
||||||||
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities |
— | 51,000 | ||||||
Purchases of marketable securities |
— | (30,452 | ) | |||||
Purchases of property and equipment |
(3,192 | ) | (3,270 | ) | ||||
Payment of deposits |
(20 | ) | — | |||||
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities |
(3,212 | ) | 17,278 | |||||
Financing activities: |
||||||||
Proceeds from the issuance of debt, net of issuance costs |
— | 3,671 | ||||||
Repayment of debt |
(2,238 | ) | (1,934 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from issuance of simple agreements for future equity |
45,192 | 10,000 | ||||||
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |
172 | 292 | ||||||
Net cash provided by financing activities |
43,126 | 12,029 | ||||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash |
(11,047 | ) | (14,535 | ) | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period |
29,206 | 43,741 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period |
$ | 18,159 | $ | 29,206 | ||||
Components of cash and restricted cash at period end: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 16,709 | $ | 27,756 | ||||
Restricted cash |
1,450 | 1,450 | ||||||
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash |
$ | 18,159 | $ | 29,206 | ||||
Supplemental disclosure of cash activities: |
||||||||
Cash paid for interest |
$ | 4,561 | $ | 4,606 | ||||
Cash paid for income taxes |
$ | 3 | $ | 5 | ||||
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities: |
||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
$ | 118 | $ | — | ||||
Operating lease right-of-use |
$ | 1,881 | $ | 2,388 | ||||
Operating lease right-of-use |
$ | 1,146 | $ | — | ||||
Proceeds from exercise of stock options in prepaid and other current assets |
$ | — | $ | 14 | ||||
1. |
Description of Business |
2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
| • | Level 1—Observable inputs such as unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. |
| • | Level 2—Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level 1) are either directly or indirectly observable inputs for similar assets or liabilities. These include quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active. |
| • | Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. |
Useful life |
||||
Leasehold improvements |
Shorter of remaining useful life or lease term | |||
Vehicles |
5 years | |||
Technology infrastructure |
3 years | |||
Equipment |
5 - 7 years | |||
Other |
3 - 5 years | |||
| • | identification of a contract with a customer; |
| • | identification of the performance obligations in the contract; |
| • | determination of the transaction price; |
| • | allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and |
| • | recognition of revenue when or as the performance obligations are satisfied. |
| • | Fair Value of Common Stock |
| • | Expected Term time-to-vesting |
| • | Expected Volatility |
| • | Risk-Free Interest Rate |
| • | Expected Dividend |
3. |
Cash Equivalents |
December 31, 2024 |
||||||||||||||||
Amortized Cost |
Gross Unrealized Gain |
Gross Unrealized Loss |
Estimated Fair Value |
|||||||||||||
Cash equivalents: |
||||||||||||||||
Money market funds |
$ | 9,439 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 9,439 | ||||||||
Total cash equivalents |
$ | 9,439 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 9,439 | ||||||||
December 31, 2023 |
||||||||||||||||
Amortized Cost |
Gross Unrealized Gain |
Gross Unrealized Loss |
Estimated Fair Value |
|||||||||||||
Cash equivalents: |
||||||||||||||||
Money market funds |
$ | 7,042 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 7,042 | ||||||||
U.S. treasury securities |
5,055 | — | — | 5,055 | ||||||||||||
Total cash equivalents |
$ | 12,097 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 12,097 | ||||||||
4. |
Fair Value Measurements |
December 31, 2024 |
||||||||||||||||
Level 1 |
Level 2 |
Level 3 |
Total |
|||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||
Money market funds |
$ | 9,439 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 9,439 | ||||||||
Total assets measured at fair value |
$ | 9,439 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 9,439 | ||||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||
SAFEs |
$ | — | $ | — | $ | 59,301 | $ | 59,301 | ||||||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities |
— | — | 1,619 | 1,619 | ||||||||||||
Total liabilities measured at fair value |
$ | — | $ | — | $ | 60,920 | $ | 60,920 | ||||||||
December 31, 2023 |
||||||||||||||||
Level 1 |
Level 2 |
Level 3 |
Total |
|||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||
Money market funds |
$ | 7,042 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 7,042 | ||||||||
U.S. treasury securities |
5,055 | — | — | 5,055 | ||||||||||||
Total assets measured at fair value |
$ | 12,097 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 12,097 | ||||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||
SAFE |
$ | — | $ | — | $ | 10,000 | $ | 10,000 | ||||||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities |
— | — | 2,045 | 2,045 | ||||||||||||
Total liabilities measured at fair value |
$ | — | $ | — | $ | 12,045 | $ | 12,045 | ||||||||
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Expected term to underlying triggering events (in years) |
0.7 | 0.4 – 3.0 | ||||||
Discount rate |
20.9 | % | 26.0 | % | ||||
Volatility |
60.7 | % | 49.9 – 102.3 | % | ||||
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Exercise price |
$ | 0.001 – $2.34 | $ | 0.001 – $2.34 | ||||
Expected term (in years) |
3.6 – 7.7 | 4.6 – 8.7 | ||||||
Risk-free interest rate |
4.3% – 4.5% | 3.8% – 3.9% | ||||||
Volatility |
80.3% | 83.1% | ||||||
Dividend yield |
— | — | ||||||
SAFE |
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants |
Total |
||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2022 |
$ | — | $ | 1,451 | $ | 1,451 | ||||||
Issuance of SAFE |
10,000 | — | 10,000 | |||||||||
Correction of an immaterial error of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants |
— | 720 | 720 | |||||||||
Fair value remeasurement |
— | (126 | ) | (126 | ) | |||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |
10,000 | 2,045 | 12,045 | |||||||||
Issuance of SAFEs |
45,192 | — | 45,192 | |||||||||
Fair value remeasurement |
4,109 | (426 | ) | 3,683 | ||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2024 |
$ | 59,301 | $ | 1,619 | $ | 60,920 | ||||||
5. |
Balance Sheet Components |
December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Deferred contract costs |
$ | — | $ | 1,026 | ||||
Prepaid expenses and other receivables |
1,610 | 978 | ||||||
Payroll tax credit receivable |
650 | 900 | ||||||
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets |
$ | 2,260 | $ | 2,904 | ||||
December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Leasehold improvements |
$ | 7,261 | $ | 7,207 | ||||
Vehicles |
6,331 | 5,835 | ||||||
Technology infrastructure |
2,912 | 2,641 | ||||||
Equipment |
2,524 | 1,002 | ||||||
Other |
694 | 666 | ||||||
Total property and equipment |
19,722 | 17,351 | ||||||
Less: accumulated depreciation |
(13,980 | ) | (9,605 | ) | ||||
Construction in progress |
981 | — | ||||||
Total property and equipment, net |
$ | 6,723 | $ | 7,746 | ||||
December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Accrued bonus |
$ | 8,800 | $ | 3,984 | ||||
Deferred revenue |
— | 1,144 | ||||||
Accrued payroll and related expenses |
1,460 | 447 | ||||||
Other current liabilities and accrued expenses |
1,156 | 699 | ||||||
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
$ | 11,416 | $ | 6,274 | ||||
6. |
Leases |
Year Ended December 31, |
Amount |
|||
2025 |
$ | 2,626 | ||
2026 |
2,605 | |||
2027 |
1,200 | |||
2028 |
839 | |||
2029 |
866 | |||
Thereafter |
1,568 | |||
Total undiscounted lease payments |
9,704 | |||
Less: Imputed interest |
(2,343 | ) | ||
Present value of lease liabilities |
7,361 | |||
Less: Operating lease liabilities, current |
(1,638 | ) | ||
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent |
$ | 5,723 | ||
December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Weighted-average remaining lease term |
4.6 years | 5.2 years | ||||||
Weighted-average discount rate |
12.3 | % | 11.2 | % | ||||
Cash payments made for operating leases (in thousands) |
$ | 2,327 | $ | 2,308 | ||||
7. |
Debt |
Year Ended December 31, |
Amount |
|||
2025 |
$ | 17,181 | ||
2026 |
17,267 | |||
2027 |
808 | |||
2028 |
45 | |||
Total principal debt payments and final payment fee |
35,301 | |||
Less: unamortized debt discount |
(449 | ) | ||
Less: unamortized final payment fee |
(486 | ) | ||
Less: Debt, current portion |
(16,792 | ) | ||
Debt, net of current portion |
$ | 17,574 | ||
8. |
Simple Agreements for Future Equity |
| • | “Discount price” means the price per share equal to the price per share of preferred stock sold in the equity financing multiplied by the discount rate of 50.0% (for the 2023 SAFE prior to being amended, the discount rate was 75.0%). |
| • | “SAFE price” means the price per share equal to the valuation cap of $500.0 million divided by Company capitalization calculated as of immediately prior to the equity financing on a fully-diluted basis as described in the SAFEs (for the 2023 SAFE prior to being amended, the valuation cap was $800.0 million). |
| • | “SPAC discount price” means the price per share equal to 50% of the implied price per share of the common stock of the Company in the SPAC transaction. |
| • | “SPAC SAFE price” means the price per share equal to the valuation cap of $500.0 million divided by Company capitalization calculated as of immediately prior to the SPAC transaction on a fully-diluted basis as described in the SAFEs. |
9. |
Commitments and Contingencies |
Year ended December 31, |
Amount |
|||
2025 |
$ | 5,450 | ||
2026 |
3,600 | |||
2027 |
2,700 | |||
Total |
$ | 11,750 | ||
10. |
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrant Liabilities |
Shares Underlying Warrants |
Series of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock |
Exercise Price Per Share |
Expiration Date | |||||||||
Warrants issued with services agreement |
486 | Series A | $ | 0.001 | August 2028 | |||||||
Warrants issued with debt arrangement |
303 | Series A | $ | 1.482 | December 2028 | |||||||
Warrants issued with debt arrangement |
540 | Series A | $ | 1.482 | June 2031 | |||||||
Warrants issued with 2022 Credit Facility |
640 | Series B-2 |
$ | 2.344 | September 2032 | |||||||
Total outstanding |
1,969 | |||||||||||
11. |
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock |
Shares Authorized |
Shares Issued and Outstanding |
Carrying Value |
Liquidation Preference |
|||||||||||||
Series Seed |
6,746 | 6,746 | $ | 3,000 | $ | 3,000 | ||||||||||
Series A |
27,470 | 25,439 | 37,537 | 37,710 | ||||||||||||
Series B-1 |
20,559 | 20,559 | 37,716 | 32,760 | ||||||||||||
Series B-2 |
43,352 | 41,219 | 92,395 | 96,619 | ||||||||||||
Total redeemable convertible preferred stock |
98,127 | 93,963 | $ | 170,648 | $ | 170,089 | ||||||||||
12. |
Stockholders’ Deficit |
December 31, 2024 |
||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock |
93,963 | |||
Outstanding stock options |
74,211 | |||
Shares available for issuance under equity incentive plan |
2,175 | |||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants |
1,969 | |||
Common stock warrants |
1,433 | |||
Total |
173,751 | |||
Shares Underlying Warrants |
Exercise Price Per Share |
Expiration Date | ||||||||
Warrants issued with debt arrangement |
168 | $ | 0.34 | January 2029 | ||||||
Warrants issued with advisory agreement |
1,167 | $ | 0.01 | March 2026 | ||||||
Warrants issued with 2022 Equipment Facility |
46 | $ | 0.84 | July 2032 | ||||||
Warrants issued with services agreement |
52 | $ | 0.01 | February 2025 and 2026 | ||||||
Total outstanding |
1,433 | |||||||||
13. |
Stock-based Compensation |
Options Outstanding |
||||||||||||||||
Number of Options (in thousands) |
Weighted– Average Exercise Price |
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) |
|||||||||||||
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023 |
64,357 | $ | 0.42 | |||||||||||||
Granted |
18,727 | 0.31 | ||||||||||||||
Exercised |
(424 | ) | 0.41 | |||||||||||||
Forfeited |
(4,780 | ) | 0.42 | |||||||||||||
Cancelled |
(2,403 | ) | 0.45 | |||||||||||||
Expired |
(1,266 | ) | 0.39 | |||||||||||||
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024 |
74,211 | $ | 0.39 | 7.6 | $ | 8,729 | ||||||||||
Exercisable as of December 31, 2024 |
39,510 | $ | 0.41 | 6.6 | $ | 4,146 | ||||||||||
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||
Expected volatility |
87.0% – 91.9% | 59.4 | % | |||
Expected term (in years) |
5.1 – 6.1 | 6.0 | ||||
Risk-free interest rate |
3.6% – 4.3% | 4.2 | % | |||
Expected dividend yield |
— | — | ||||
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Research and development |
$ | 3,482 | $ | 3,270 | ||||
General and administrative |
1,405 | 1,658 | ||||||
Sales and marketing |
454 | 289 | ||||||
Truck and freight operations |
209 | 182 | ||||||
Total stock-based compensation |
$ | 5,550 | $ | 5,399 | ||||
14. |
Revenues |
December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Point in time |
$ | 14,839 | $ | 16,946 | ||||
Over time |
94 | — | ||||||
Total revenues |
$ | 14,933 | $ | 16,946 | ||||
15. |
Income Taxes |
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Current: |
||||||||
Federal |
$ |
— |
$ |
— |
||||
State |
1 | 9 | ||||||
Total |
1 | 9 | ||||||
Deferred: |
||||||||
Federal |
— | — | ||||||
State |
— | — | ||||||
Total |
— | — | ||||||
Income taxes |
$ | 1 | $ | 9 | ||||
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Federal statutory rate, benefit |
$ | (14,586 | ) | $ | (11,958 | ) | ||
State income taxes, net of benefit |
(5,318 | ) | (4,881 | ) | ||||
Nondeductible expenses |
35 | 153 | ||||||
Stock-based compensation |
2,566 | 1,618 | ||||||
Change in valuation allowance |
20,366 | 18,099 | ||||||
R&D credits |
(3,084 | ) | (3,022 | ) | ||||
Other |
22 | — | ||||||
Income taxes |
$ | 1 | $ | 9 | ||||
December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Deferred tax assets: |
||||||||
Net operating loss carryforwards |
$ | 47,448 | $ | 35,486 | ||||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
1,666 | 1,212 | ||||||
Charitable contributions |
22 | 8 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
930 | 756 | ||||||
Stock-based compensation |
233 | — | ||||||
Operating lease liabilities |
2,136 | 1,848 | ||||||
Capitalized research and development expense |
12,920 | 8,659 | ||||||
Tenant improvement allowance |
— | 4 | ||||||
Section 195 capitalization |
369 | 418 | ||||||
Research and development credits |
12,076 | 8,764 | ||||||
Total deferred tax assets |
77,800 | 57,155 | ||||||
Less: valuation allowance |
(75,737 | ) | (55,372 | ) | ||||
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance |
2,063 | 1,783 | ||||||
Deferred tax liabilities: |
||||||||
Operating lease right-of-use |
(2,064 | ) | (1,784 | ) | ||||
Other |
1 | 1 | ||||||
Total deferred tax liabilities |
(2,063 | ) | (1,783 | ) | ||||
Net deferred tax assets |
$ | — | $ | — | ||||
Amount |
Expiration Years | |||||
NOLs, federal |
$ | 160.8 | Indefinite | |||
NOLs, state |
154.3 | 2039 | ||||
Research and development tax credits, federal |
9.4 | 2039 | ||||
Research and development tax credits, state |
6.7 | Indefinite | ||||
December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Beginning balance of unrecognized tax benefits |
$ | 2,441 | $ | 1,679 | ||||
Gross increases based on tax positions related to current year |
795 | 762 | ||||||
Gross increases based on tax positions related to prior years |
33 | — | ||||||
Ending balance of unrecognized tax benefits |
$ | 3,269 | $ | 2,441 | ||||
16. |
Net Loss Per Common Share |
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Numerator |
||||||||
Net loss |
$ (69,459 | ) | $ | (56,945 | ) | |||
Denominator |
||||||||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted |
88,181 | 87,459 | ||||||
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted |
$ | (0.79 | ) | $ | (0.65 | ) | ||
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock |
93,963 | 93,963 | ||||||
Common stock options |
74,211 | 64,357 | ||||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants |
1,969 | 1,969 | ||||||
Common stock warrants (1) |
469 | 719 | ||||||
Total |
170,612 | 161,008 | ||||||
| (1) | Excluded from this amount are those common stock warrants with an exercise price of $0.01, which have been included in the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share on the date all necessary conditions have been satisfied for issuance, which if from the date any service based vesting conditions have been met. |
17. |
Segment |
18. |
Employee Benefit Plan |
19. |
Subsequent Events |
March 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
Assets |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 17,667 | $ | 16,709 | ||||
Accounts receivable |
289 | 1,280 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
2,252 | 2,260 | ||||||
Total current assets |
20,208 | 20,249 | ||||||
Restricted cash |
1,450 | 1,450 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net |
8,690 | 6,723 | ||||||
Operating lease right-of-use |
6,667 | 7,115 | ||||||
Other assets |
195 | 24 | ||||||
Total assets |
$ | 37,210 | $ | 35,561 | ||||
Liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ deficit |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 2,861 | $ | 1,372 | ||||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
9,701 | 11,416 | ||||||
Operating lease liabilities, current |
1,708 | 1,638 | ||||||
Debt, current portion |
25,520 | 16,792 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
39,790 | 31,218 | ||||||
Debt, net of current portion |
6,824 | 17,574 | ||||||
Simple agreements for future equity |
189,336 | 59,301 | ||||||
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent |
5,209 | 5,723 | ||||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities |
1,734 | 1,619 | ||||||
Other liabilities |
303 | 313 | ||||||
Total liabilities |
243,196 | 115,748 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7) |
||||||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, par value $0.000001; 98,127 shares authorized as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 93,963 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 |
170,648 | 170,648 | ||||||
Stockholders’ deficit: |
||||||||
Common stock, $0.000001 par value; 265,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024; 89,094 and 87,646 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively |
— | — | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
19,695 | 17,309 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit |
(396,329 | ) | (268,144 | ) | ||||
Total stockholders’ deficit |
(376,634 | ) | (250,835 | ) | ||||
Total liabilities, redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ deficit |
$ | 37,210 | $ | 35,561 | ||||
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2025 |
2024 |
|||||||
Revenues |
$ | 1,471 | $ | 422 | ||||
Operating expenses: |
||||||||
Research and development |
10,134 | 9,332 | ||||||
General and administrative |
5,125 | 5,341 | ||||||
Truck and freight operations |
4,005 | 1,997 | ||||||
Sales and marketing |
806 | 795 | ||||||
Total operating expenses |
20,070 | 17,465 | ||||||
Loss from operations |
(18,599 | ) | (17,043 | ) | ||||
Other (expenses) income: |
||||||||
Interest expense |
(1,264 | ) | (1,346 | ) | ||||
Interest income and other, net |
169 | 286 | ||||||
Change in fair value of simple agreements for future equity |
(108,375 | ) | — | |||||
Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities |
(115 | ) | 107 | |||||
Total other expenses |
(109,585 | ) | (953 | ) | ||||
Net loss before income taxes |
(128,184 | ) | (17,996 | ) | ||||
Income taxes |
(1 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||
Net loss and comprehensive loss |
(128,185 | ) | (17,998 | ) | ||||
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted |
$ | (1.43 | ) | $ | (0.20 | ) | ||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted |
89,458 | 87,980 | ||||||
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock |
Common Stock |
Additional Paid-In Capital |
Accumulated Deficit |
Total Stockholders’ Deficit |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares |
Amount |
Shares |
Amount |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2024 |
93,963 | $ | 170,648 | 87,646 | $ | — | $ | 17,309 | $ | (268,144 | ) | $ | (250,835 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of common stock warrants |
— | — | 26 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options |
— | — | 1,422 | — | 508 | — | 508 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
— | — | — | — | 1,878 | — | 1,878 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
— | — | — | — | — | (128,185 | ) | (128,185 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of March 31, 2025 |
93,963 | $ | 170,648 | 89,094 | $ | — | $ | 19,695 | $ | (396,329 | ) | $ | (376,634 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock |
Common Stock |
Additional Paid-In Capital |
Accumulated Deficit |
Total Stockholders’ Deficit |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shares |
Amount |
Shares |
Amount |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |
93,963 | $ | 170,648 | 87,222 | $ | — | $ | 11,587 | $ | (198,685 | ) | $ | (187,098 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of common stock warrants |
— | — | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options |
— | — | 33 | — | 13 | — | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
— | — | — | — | 1,122 | — | 1,122 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
— | — | — | — | — | (17,998 | ) | (17,998 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Balance as of March 31, 2024 |
93,963 | $ | 170,648 | 87,255 | $ | — | $ | 12,722 | $ | (216,683 | ) | $ | (203,961 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2025 |
2024 |
|||||||
Operating activities: |
||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (128,185 | ) | $ | (17,998 | ) | ||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
532 | 1,210 | ||||||
Stock-based compensation |
1,878 | 1,122 | ||||||
Non-cash lease expense |
447 | 570 | ||||||
Change in fair value of simple agreements for future equity |
108,375 | — | ||||||
Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities |
115 | (107 | ) | |||||
Non-cash interest expense |
228 | 184 | ||||||
Loss on disposal of property and equipment |
130 | — | ||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts receivable |
1,057 | (17 | ) | |||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
133 | (1,424 | ) | |||||
Other assets |
— | 276 | ||||||
Accounts payable |
1,387 | 175 | ||||||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
(2,149 | ) | 7,511 | |||||
Operating lease liabilities |
(444 | ) | (545 | ) | ||||
Other liabilities |
(10 | ) | 33 | |||||
Net cash used in operating activities |
(16,506 | ) | (9,010 | ) | ||||
Investing activities: |
||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment |
(2,320 | ) | (107 | ) | ||||
Net cash used in investing activities |
(2,320 | ) | (107 | ) | ||||
Financing activities: |
||||||||
Repayment of debt |
(2,249 | ) | (546 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from issuance of simple agreements for future equity |
21,660 | — | ||||||
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |
383 | 13 | ||||||
Payments for deferred offering costs |
(10 | ) | — | |||||
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
19,784 | (533 | ) | |||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash |
958 | (9,650 | ) | |||||
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period |
18,159 | 29,206 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period |
$ | 19,117 | $ | 19,556 | ||||
Components of cash and restricted cash at period end: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 17,667 | $ | 18,106 | ||||
Restricted cash |
1,450 | 1,450 | ||||||
Total cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash |
$ | 19,117 | $ | 19,556 | ||||
Supplemental disclosure of cash activities: |
||||||||
Cash paid for interest |
$ | 1,039 | $ | 1,162 | ||||
Cash paid for income taxes |
$ | — | $ | 5 | ||||
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash activities: |
||||||||
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
$ | 833 | $ | — | ||||
Proceeds from exercise of stock options included in prepaid and other current assets |
$ | 125 | $ | — | ||||
Deferred offering costs related to SPAC included in accrued liabilities |
$ | 160 | $ | — | ||||
| • | Level 1—Observable inputs such as unadjusted, quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities at the measurement date. |
| • | Level 2—Inputs (other than quoted prices included in Level 1) are either directly or indirectly observable inputs for similar assets or liabilities. These include quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active. |
| • | Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. |
| • | identification of a contract with a customer; |
| • | identification of the performance obligations in the contract; |
| • | determination of the transaction price; |
| • | allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and |
| • | recognition of revenue when or as the performance obligations are satisfied. |
March 31, 2025 |
||||||||||||||||
Level 1 |
Level 2 |
Level 3 |
Total |
|||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||
Cash equivalents: |
||||||||||||||||
Money market funds |
$ | 7,369 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 7,369 | ||||||||
Total assets measured at fair value |
$ | 7,369 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 7,369 | ||||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||
SAFEs |
$ | — | $ | — | $ | 189,336 | $ | 189,336 | ||||||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities |
— | — | 1,734 | 1,734 | ||||||||||||
Total liabilities measured at fair value |
$ | — | $ | — | $ | 191,070 | $ | 191,070 | ||||||||
December 31, 2024 |
||||||||||||||||
Level 1 |
Level 2 |
Level 3 |
Total |
|||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||
Cash equivalents: |
||||||||||||||||
Money market funds |
$ | 9,439 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 9,439 | ||||||||
Total assets measured at fair value |
$ | 9,439 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 9,439 | ||||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||||||
SAFEs |
$ | — | $ | — | $ | 59,301 | $ | 59,301 | ||||||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities |
— | — | 1,619 | 1,619 | ||||||||||||
Total liabilities measured at fair value |
$ | — | $ | — | $ | 60,920 | $ | 60,920 | ||||||||
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2025 |
2024 |
|||||||
Exercise price |
$ | 0.01 – $2.34 | $ | 0.01 – $2.34 | ||||
Expected term (in years) |
3.4 – 7.5 | 4.4 – 8.5 | ||||||
Risk-free interest rate |
3.9% – 4.1% | 4.2% | ||||||
Volatility |
82.1% | 80.3% | ||||||
Dividend yield |
— | — | ||||||
SAFE |
Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock Warrants |
Total |
||||||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2024 |
$ | 59,301 | $ | 1,619 | $ | 60,920 | ||||||
Issuance of SAFEs |
21,660 | — | 21,660 | |||||||||
Fair value remeasurement |
108,375 | 115 | 108,490 | |||||||||
Balance as of March 31, 2025 |
$ | 189,336 | $ | 1,734 | $ | 191,070 | ||||||
Balance as of December 31, 2023 |
$ | 10,000 | $ | 2,045 | $ | 12,045 | ||||||
Fair value remeasurement |
— | (107 | ) | (107 | ) | |||||||
Balance as of March 31, 2024 |
$ | 10,000 | $ | 1,938 | $ | 11,938 | ||||||
March 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
Prepaid expenses and other receivables |
$ | 1,602 | $ | 1,610 | ||||
Payroll tax credit receivable |
650 | 650 | ||||||
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets |
$ | 2,252 | $ | 2,260 | ||||
March 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
Leasehold improvements |
$ | 7,318 | $ | 7,261 | ||||
Vehicles |
6,631 | 6,331 | ||||||
Technology infrastructure |
3,071 | 2,912 | ||||||
Equipment |
2,547 | 2,524 | ||||||
Other |
743 | 694 | ||||||
Total property and equipment |
20,310 | 19,722 | ||||||
Less: accumulated depreciation |
(14,504 | ) | (13,980 | ) | ||||
Construction in progress |
2,884 | 981 | ||||||
Total property and equipment, net |
$ | 8,690 | $ | 6,723 | ||||
March 31, 2025 |
December 31, 2024 |
|||||||
Accrued bonus |
$ | 6,637 | $ | 8,800 | ||||
Accrued payroll and related expenses |
1,650 | 1,460 | ||||||
Other current liabilities and accrued expenses |
1,414 | 1,156 | ||||||
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
$ | 9,701 | $ | 11,416 | ||||
Year Ended December 31, |
Amount |
|||
2025 (remaining nine months) |
$ | 14,931 | ||
2026 |
17,267 | |||
2027 |
808 | |||
2028 |
45 | |||
Total principal debt payments and final payment fee |
33,051 | |||
Less: unamortized debt discount |
(340 | ) | ||
Less: unamortized final payment fee |
(367 | ) | ||
Less: Debt, current portion |
(25,520 | ) | ||
Debt, net of current portion |
$ | 6,824 | ||
| • | “Discount price” means the price per share equal to the price per share of preferred stock sold in the equity financing multiplied by the discount rate of 50.0% (for the 2023 SAFE prior to being amended, the discount rate was 75.0%). |
| • | “SAFE price” means the price per share equal to the valuation cap of $500.0 million divided by Company capitalization calculated as of immediately prior to the equity financing on a fully-diluted basis as described in the SAFEs (for the 2023 SAFE prior to being amended, the valuation cap was $800.0 million). |
| • | “SPAC discount price” means the price per share equal to 50% of the implied price per share of the common stock of the Company in the SPAC transaction. |
| • | “SPAC SAFE price” means the price per share equal to the valuation cap of $500.0 million divided by Company capitalization calculated as of immediately prior to the SPAC transaction on a fully-diluted basis as described in the SAFEs. |
Year ended December 31, |
Amount |
|||
2025 (remaining nine months) |
$ | 4,465 | ||
2026 |
3,600 | |||
2027 |
2,700 | |||
Total |
$ | 10,765 | ||
Shares Underlying Warrants |
Series of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock |
Exercise Price Per Share |
Expiration Date |
|||||||||||||
Warrants issued with services agreement |
486 | Series A | $ | 0.001 | August 2028 | |||||||||||
Warrants issued with debt arrangement |
303 | Series A | $ | 1.482 | December 2028 | |||||||||||
Warrants issued with debt arrangement |
540 | Series A | $ | 1.482 | June 2031 | |||||||||||
Warrants issued with 2022 Credit Facility |
640 | Series B-2 |
$ | 2.344 | September 2032 | |||||||||||
Total outstanding |
1,969 | |||||||||||||||
Shares Authorized |
Shares Issued and Outstanding |
Carrying Value |
Liquidation Preference |
|||||||||||||
Series Seed |
6,746 | 6,746 | $ | 3,000 | $ | 3,000 | ||||||||||
Series A |
27,470 | 25,439 | 37,537 | 37,710 | ||||||||||||
Series B-1 |
20,559 | 20,559 | 37,716 | 32,760 | ||||||||||||
Series B-2 |
43,352 | 41,219 | 92,395 | 96,619 | ||||||||||||
Total redeemable convertible preferred stock |
98,127 | 93,963 | $ | 170,648 | $ | 170,089 | ||||||||||
March 31, 2025 |
||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock |
93,963 | |||
Outstanding stock options |
74,311 | |||
Shares available for issuance under equity incentive plan |
653 | |||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants |
1,969 | |||
Common stock warrants |
1,424 | |||
Total |
172,320 | |||
Shares Underlying Warrants |
Exercise Price Per Share |
Expiration Date |
||||||||||
Warrants issued with debt arrangement |
168 | $ | 0.34 | January 2029 | ||||||||
Warrants issued with advisory agreement |
1,167 | $ | 0.01 | March 2026 | ||||||||
Warrants issued with 2022 Equipment Facility |
46 | $ | 0.84 | July 2032 | ||||||||
Warrants issued with services agreement |
43 | $ | 0.01 | February 2026 and 2027 | ||||||||
Total outstanding |
1,424 | |||||||||||
Options Outstanding |
||||||||||||||||
Number of Options (in thousands) |
Weighted– Average Exercise Price |
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in years) |
Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands) |
|||||||||||||
Outstanding as of December 31, 2024 |
74,211 | $ | 0.39 | |||||||||||||
Granted |
3,163 | 3.48 | ||||||||||||||
Exercised |
(1,422 | ) | 0.36 | |||||||||||||
Forfeited |
(1,500 | ) | 0.36 | |||||||||||||
Expired |
(141 | ) | 0.33 | |||||||||||||
Outstanding as of March 31, 2025 |
74,311 | $ | 0.53 | 7.4 | $ | 258,216 | ||||||||||
Exercisable as of March 31, 2025 |
43,271 | $ | 0.41 | 6.5 | $ | 155,553 | ||||||||||
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2025 |
2024 |
|||||||
Research and development |
$ | 1,185 | $ | 755 | ||||
General and administrative |
482 | 259 | ||||||
Sales and marketing |
143 | 65 | ||||||
Truck and freight operations |
68 | 43 | ||||||
Total stock-based compensation |
$ | 1,878 | $ | 1,122 | ||||
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2025 |
2024 |
|||||||
Numerator |
||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (128,185 | ) | $ | (17,998 | ) | ||
Denominator |
||||||||
Weighted-average common shares outstanding, basic and diluted |
89,458 | 87,980 | ||||||
Net loss per common share, basic and diluted |
$ | (1.43 | ) | $ | (0.20 | ) | ||
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
2025 |
2024 |
|||||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock |
93,963 | 93,963 | ||||||
Common stock options |
74,311 | 59,561 | ||||||
Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants |
1,969 | 1,969 | ||||||
Common stock warrants (1) |
391 | 650 | ||||||
Total |
170,634 | 156,143 | ||||||
| (1) | Excluded from this amount are those common stock warrants with an exercise price of $0.01, which have been included in the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share on the date all necessary conditions have been satisfied for issuance, which is from the date any service based vesting conditions have been met. |
Page |
||||||
ARTICLE I MERGER |
A-3 |
|||||
Section 1.01 |
Merger | A-3 | ||||
Section 1.02 |
Effects of the Merger | A-3 | ||||
Section 1.03 |
Effect of the Merger on Capital Stock of the Company and Merger Sub | A-4 | ||||
Section 1.04 |
Equitable Adjustments | A-4 | ||||
Section 1.05 |
Allocation Schedule | A-5 | ||||
Section 1.06 |
Treatment of Company Equity Awards | A-6 | ||||
Section 1.07 |
Treatment of Company Warrants | A-7 | ||||
Section 1.08 |
Treatment of Company SAFEs | A-8 | ||||
Section 1.09 |
Treatment of Second Lien Loans | A-8 | ||||
Section 1.10 |
Exchange of Company Certificates and Company Book Entry Shares | A-8 | ||||
Section 1.11 |
Fractional Shares | A-10 | ||||
Section 1.12 |
Dissenting Shares | A-10 | ||||
ARTICLE II CLOSING DATE PAYMENTS |
A-11 |
|||||
Section 2.01 |
Closing Date Payments | A-11 | ||||
Section 2.02 |
Withholding Taxes | A-11 | ||||
Section 2.03 |
Further Assurances | A-11 | ||||
ARTICLE III CLOSING |
A-12 |
|||||
Section 3.01 |
Closing | A-12 | ||||
Section 3.02 |
Closing Documents | A-12 | ||||
ARTICLE IV EARNOUT |
A-12 |
|||||
Section 4.01 |
Earnout Stock | A-12 | ||||
ARTICLE V REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY |
A-15 |
|||||
Section 5.01 |
Organization and Standing | A-15 | ||||
Section 5.02 |
Authorization; Binding Agreement | A-15 | ||||
Section 5.03 |
Capitalization | A-16 | ||||
Section 5.04 |
Subsidiaries and Investments | A-17 | ||||
Section 5.05 |
No Conflict; Governmental Consents and Filings | A-17 | ||||
Section 5.06 |
Financial Statements | A-18 | ||||
Section 5.07 |
Undisclosed Liabilities | A-18 | ||||
Section 5.08 |
Absence of Certain Changes | A-18 | ||||
Section 5.09 |
Compliance with Laws | A-20 | ||||
Section 5.10 |
Government Contracts | A-21 | ||||
Section 5.11 |
Company Permits | A-21 | ||||
Section 5.12 |
Litigation | A-21 | ||||
Section 5.13 |
Material Contracts | A-22 | ||||
Section 5.14 |
Intellectual Property | A-24 | ||||
Section 5.15 |
Taxes and Tax Returns | A-26 | ||||
Section 5.16 |
Real Property | A-27 | ||||
Section 5.17 |
Personal Property | A-28 | ||||
Section 5.18 |
Labor and Employment Matters | A-28 | ||||
Section 5.19 |
Benefit Plans | A-29 | ||||
Section 5.20 |
Environmental Matters | A-31 | ||||
Section 5.21 |
Transactions with Related Persons | A-31 | ||||
Section 5.22 |
Insurance | A-31 | ||||
Section 5.23 |
Top Customers and Suppliers | A-32 | ||||
Section 5.24 |
Certain Business Practices | A-33 | ||||
Section 5.25 |
Investment Company Act | A-33 | ||||
Section 5.26 |
Finders and Brokers | A-33 | ||||
Section 5.27 |
Independent Investigation | A-33 | ||||
Section 5.28 |
Information Supplied | A-34 | ||||
Section 5.29 |
No Additional Representations or Warranties | A-34 | ||||
ARTICLE VI REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE PURCHASER AND MERGER SUB |
A-34 |
|||||
Section 6.01 |
Organization and Standing | A-34 | ||||
Section 6.02 |
Authorization; Binding Agreement | A-35 | ||||
Section 6.03 |
Governmental Approvals | A-35 | ||||
Section 6.04 |
Non-Contravention |
A-35 | ||||
Section 6.05 |
Capitalization | A-36 | ||||
Section 6.06 |
SEC Filings and Purchaser Financials; Internal Controls | A-37 | ||||
Section 6.07 |
Absence of Certain Changes | A-38 | ||||
Section 6.08 |
Undisclosed Liabilities | A-38 | ||||
Section 6.09 |
Compliance with Laws | A-38 | ||||
Section 6.10 |
Legal Proceedings; Orders; Permits | A-39 | ||||
Section 6.11 |
Taxes and Tax Returns | A-39 | ||||
Section 6.12 |
Properties | A-40 | ||||
Section 6.13 |
Investment Company Act | A-41 | ||||
Section 6.14 |
Trust Account | A-41 | ||||
Section 6.15 |
Finders and Brokers | A-41 | ||||
Section 6.16 |
Insurance | A-41 | ||||
Section 6.17 |
Information Supplied | A-42 | ||||
Section 6.18 |
Independent Investigation | A-42 | ||||
Section 6.19 |
Employees; Benefit Plans | A-42 | ||||
Section 6.20 |
Transactions with Purchaser Related Persons | A-42 | ||||
Section 6.21 |
No Additional Representation or Warranties | A-43 | ||||
ARTICLE VII COVENANTS |
A-43 |
|||||
Section 7.01 |
Access and Information; Cooperation | A-43 | ||||
Section 7.02 |
Conduct of Business of the Company | A-44 | ||||
Section 7.03 |
Conduct of Business of the Purchaser | A-48 | ||||
Section 7.04 |
Additional Financial Information | A-49 | ||||
Section 7.05 |
Purchaser Public Filings | A-51 | ||||
Section 7.06 |
No Solicitation | A-51 | ||||
Section 7.07 |
No Trading | A-52 | ||||
Section 7.08 |
Notification of Certain Matters | A-52 | ||||
Section 7.09 |
Efforts | A-52 | ||||
Section 7.10 |
Trust Account | A-54 | ||||
Section 7.11 |
Tax Matters | A-54 | ||||
Section 7.12 |
Further Assurances | A-55 | ||||
Section 7.13 |
The Preparation of Proxy Statement/Registration Statement; Shareholders’ Meeting and Approvals | A-56 | ||||
Section 7.14 |
Employee Matters | A-58 | ||||
Section 7.15 |
Public Announcements | A-59 | ||||
Section 7.16 |
Confidential Information | A-59 | ||||
Section 7.17 |
Post-Closing Board of Directors and Executive Officers | A-60 | ||||
Section 7.18 |
Indemnification of Directors and Officers; Tail Insurance | A-60 | ||||
Section 7.19 |
PIPE Investment | A-61 | ||||
Section 7.20 |
Extension | A-62 | ||||
Section 7.21 |
Domestication | A-63 | ||||
Section 7.22 |
Affiliate Agreements | A-63 | ||||
Section 7.23 |
Requisite Stockholder Approval | A-64 | ||||
ARTICLE VIII CLOSING CONDITIONS |
A-64 |
|||||
Section 8.01 |
Conditions to Each Party’s Obligations | A-64 | ||||
Section 8.02 |
Conditions to Obligations of the Company | A-65 | ||||
Section 8.03 |
Conditions to Obligations of the Purchaser | A-66 | ||||
Section 8.04 |
Frustration of Conditions | A-67 | ||||
ARTICLE IX TERMINATION AND EXPENSES |
A-67 |
|||||
Section 9.01 |
Termination | A-67 | ||||
Section 9.02 |
Effect of Termination | A-68 | ||||
ARTICLE X MISCELLANEOUS |
A-68 |
|||||
Section 10.01 |
No Survival | A-68 | ||||
Section 10.02 |
Notices | A-68 | ||||
Section 10.03 |
Binding Effect; Assignment | A-69 | ||||
Section 10.04 |
Third Parties | A-69 | ||||
Section 10.05 |
Governing Law | A-69 | ||||
Section 10.06 |
Jurisdiction | A-70 | ||||
Section 10.07 |
WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL | A-70 | ||||
Section 10.08 |
Specific Performance | A-70 | ||||
Section 10.09 |
Severability | A-70 | ||||
Section 10.10 |
Amendment; Waiver | A-70 | ||||
Section 10.11 |
Entire Agreement | A-71 | ||||
Section 10.12 |
Interpretation | A-71 | ||||
Section 10.13 |
Counterparts | A-72 | ||||
Section 10.14 |
Expenses | A-72 | ||||
Section 10.15 |
Legal Representation | A-72 | ||||
Section 10.16 |
Waiver of Claims Against Trust | A-74 | ||||
Section 10.17 |
Non-Recourse |
A-75 | ||||
Section 10.18 |
Company and Purchaser Disclosure Letters | A-75 | ||||
ARTICLE XI DEFINITIONS |
A-76 |
|||||
Section 11.01 |
Certain Definitions | A-76 | ||||
Exhibit A |
— |
Form of Purchaser Charter upon Domestication | ||
Exhibit B |
— |
Form of Purchaser Bylaws upon Domestication | ||
Exhibit C |
— |
Form of Company Support Agreement | ||
Exhibit D |
— |
Form of A&R Registration Rights Agreement | ||
Exhibit E |
— |
Form of Written Consent |
| Email: | [***] |
[***] |
[***] |
| Email: | [***] |
[***] |
| Email: | [***] |
E-mail: |
[***] |
[***] |
The Purchaser: | ||
ARES ACQUISITION CORPORATION II | ||
| By: | /s/ Anton Feingold | |
| Name: | Anton Feingold | |
| Title: | Authorized Signatory | |
Merger Sub: | ||
AAC II MERGER SUB, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Anton Feingold | |
| Name: | Anton Feingold | |
| Title: | Authorized Signatory | |
The Company: | ||
KODIAK ROBOTICS, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Donald Burnette | |
| Name: | Donald Burnette | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
Executed as a deed | ||
ARES ACQUISITION CORPORATION II | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: David B. Kaplan | ||
| Title: Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman | ||
| 1. | The Corporation was originally incorporated on the 15th day of March, 2021, under the laws of the Cayman Islands. |
| 2. | The name of the Corporation immediately prior to the filing of this Certificate of Domestication is Ares Acquisition Corporation II. |
| 3. | The name of the Corporation as set forth in its Certificate of Incorporation filed in accordance with Section 388 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware is Kodiak AI, Inc. |
| 4. | The jurisdiction that constituted the seat, siege social or principal place of business or central administration of the Corporation immediately prior to the filing of this Certificate of Domestication is the Cayman Islands. |
| 5. | The domestication has been approved prior to the effectiveness of this Certificate of Domestication in the manner provided for by the document, instrument, agreement or other writing, as the case may be, governing the internal affairs of the Corporation and the conduct of its business or by applicable non-United States law, as appropriate. |
| 6. | All provisions of the Plan of Domestication of the Corporation adopted in accordance with Section 388 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware have been approved prior to the effectiveness of this Certificate of Domestication in accordance with all applicable non-United States law, including any approval required under non-United States law for the authorization of the type of corporate action specified in the Plan of Domestication of the Corporation. |
| 7. | This Certificate of Domestication shall become effective as of [●] on [●] day of [●], 2025. |
ARES ACQUISITION CORPORATION II | ||||
| By: | ||||
| Name: David Kaplan | ||||
| Title: Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman | ||||
| By: | /s/ [insert name] | |
| [ insert name | ||
| Incorporator | ||
Page |
||||||
ARTICLE I - CORPORATE OFFICES |
C-1 | |||||
1.1 |
REGISTERED OFFICE | C-1 | ||||
1.2 |
OTHER OFFICES | C-1 | ||||
ARTICLE II - MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS |
C-1 | |||||
2.1 |
PLACE OF MEETINGS | C-1 | ||||
2.2 |
ANNUAL MEETING | C-1 | ||||
2.3 |
SPECIAL MEETING | C-1 | ||||
2.4 |
ADVANCE NOTICE PROCEDURES | C-2 | ||||
2.5 |
NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS’ MEETINGS | C-8 | ||||
2.6 |
QUORUM | C-8 | ||||
2.7 |
ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE | C-8 | ||||
2.8 |
CONDUCT OF BUSINESS | C-9 | ||||
2.9 |
VOTING | C-9 | ||||
2.10 |
STOCKHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING | C-9 | ||||
2.11 |
RECORD DATES | C-9 | ||||
2.12 |
PROXIES | C-10 | ||||
2.13 |
LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE | C-10 | ||||
2.14 |
INSPECTORS OF ELECTION | C-11 | ||||
ARTICLE III - DIRECTORS |
C-11 | |||||
3.1 |
POWERS | C-11 | ||||
3.2 |
NUMBER OF DIRECTORS | C-11 | ||||
3.3 |
ELECTION, QUALIFICATION AND TERM OF OFFICE OF DIRECTORS | C-11 | ||||
3.4 |
RESIGNATION AND VACANCIES | C-12 | ||||
3.5 |
PLACE OF MEETINGS; MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE | C-12 | ||||
3.6 |
REGULAR MEETINGS | C-12 | ||||
3.7 |
SPECIAL MEETINGS; NOTICE | C-12 | ||||
3.8 |
QUORUM; VOTING | C-13 | ||||
3.9 |
BOARD ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING | C-13 | ||||
3.10 |
FEES AND COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS | C-13 | ||||
3.11 |
REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS | C-13 | ||||
ARTICLE IV - COMMITTEES |
C-14 | |||||
4.1 |
COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS | C-14 | ||||
4.2 |
COMMITTEE MINUTES | C-14 | ||||
4.3 |
MEETINGS AND ACTION OF COMMITTEES | C-14 | ||||
4.4 |
SUBCOMMITTEES | C-15 | ||||
ARTICLE V - OFFICERS |
C-15 | |||||
5.1 |
OFFICERS | C-15 | ||||
5.2 |
APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS | C-15 | ||||
5.3 |
SUBORDINATE OFFICERS | C-15 | ||||
5.4 |
REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS | C-15 | ||||
5.5 |
VACANCIES IN OFFICES | C-15 | ||||
5.6 |
REPRESENTATION OF SECURITIES OF OTHER ENTITIES | C-16 | ||||
5.7 |
AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS | C-16 | ||||
Page |
||||||
ARTICLE VI - STOCK |
C-16 | |||||
6.1 |
STOCK CERTIFICATES; PARTLY PAID SHARES | C-16 | ||||
6.2 |
SPECIAL DESIGNATION ON CERTIFICATES | C-16 | ||||
6.3 |
LOST CERTIFICATES | C-17 | ||||
6.4 |
DIVIDENDS | C-17 | ||||
6.5 |
TRANSFER OF STOCK | C-17 | ||||
6.6 |
STOCK TRANSFER AGREEMENTS | C-17 | ||||
6.7 |
REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS | C-17 | ||||
6.8 |
LOCKUP | C-18 | ||||
ARTICLE VII - MANNER OF GIVING NOTICE AND WAIVER |
C-20 | |||||
7.1 |
NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS’ MEETINGS | C-20 | ||||
7.2 |
NOTICE TO STOCKHOLDERS SHARING AN ADDRESS | C-20 | ||||
7.3 |
NOTICE TO PERSON WITH WHOM COMMUNICATION IS UNLAWFUL | C-20 | ||||
7.4 |
WAIVER OF NOTICE | C-21 | ||||
ARTICLE VIII - INDEMNIFICATION |
C-21 | |||||
8.1 |
INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS IN THIRD PARTY PROCEEDINGS | C-21 | ||||
8.2 |
INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS IN ACTIONS BY OR IN THE RIGHT OF THE COMPANY | C-21 | ||||
8.3 |
SUCCESSFUL DEFENSE | C-22 | ||||
8.4 |
INDEMNIFICATION OF OTHERS | C-22 | ||||
8.5 |
ADVANCED PAYMENT OF EXPENSES | C-22 | ||||
8.6 |
LIMITATION ON INDEMNIFICATION | C-22 | ||||
8.7 |
DETERMINATION; CLAIM | C-23 | ||||
8.8 |
NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS |
C-23 | ||||
8.9 |
INSURANCE | C-23 | ||||
8.10 |
SURVIVAL | C-24 | ||||
8.11 |
EFFECT OF REPEAL OR MODIFICATION | C-24 | ||||
8.12 |
CERTAIN DEFINITIONS | C-24 | ||||
ARTICLE IX - GENERAL MATTERS |
C-24 | |||||
9.1 |
EXECUTION OF CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS | C-24 | ||||
9.2 |
FISCAL YEAR | C-24 | ||||
9.3 |
SEAL | C-25 | ||||
9.4 |
CONSTRUCTION; DEFINITIONS | C-25 | ||||
9.5 |
FORUM SELECTION | C-25 | ||||
ARTICLE X - AMENDMENTS |
C-26 | |||||
| (a) | Article 49.7 of AACT’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association be deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following new Article 49.7: |
| (b) | Article 49.8(a) of AACT’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association be deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following new Article 49.8(a): |
| 1 | The name of the Company is Ares Acquisition Corporation II. |
| 2 | The Registered Office of the Company shall be at the offices of Maples Corporate Services Limited, PO Box 309, Ugland House, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands, or at such other place within the Cayman Islands as the Directors may decide. |
| 3 | The objects for which the Company is established are unrestricted and the Company shall have full power and authority to carry out any object not prohibited by the laws of the Cayman Islands. |
| 4 | The liability of each Member is limited to the amount unpaid on such Member’s shares. |
| 5 | The share capital of the Company is US$999,999 divided into 9,000,000,000 Class A ordinary shares of a par value of US$0.0001 each, 900,000,000 Class B ordinary shares of a par value of US$0.0001 each and 99,990,000 preference shares of a par value of US$0.0001 each. |
| 6 | The Company has power to register by way of continuation as a body corporate limited by shares under the laws of any jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands and to be deregistered in the Cayman Islands. |
| 7 | Capitalised terms that are not defined in this Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association bear the respective meanings given to them in the Amended and Restated Articles of Association of the Company. |
1 |
Interpretation |
| 1.1 | In the Articles Table A in the First Schedule to the Statute does not apply and, unless there is something in the subject or context inconsistent therewith: |
“Affiliate” |
in respect of a person, means any other person that, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such person, and (a) in the case of a natural person, shall include, without limitation, such person’s spouse, parents, children, siblings, mother-in-law father-in-law sisters-in-law, | |
“Applicable Law” |
means, with respect to any person, all provisions of laws, statutes, ordinances, rules, regulations, permits, certificates, judgments, decisions, decrees or orders of any governmental authority applicable to such person. | |
“Articles” |
means these amended and restated articles of association of the Company. | |
“Audit Committee” |
means the audit committee of the board of directors of the Company established pursuant to the Articles, or any successor committee. | |
“Auditor” |
means the person for the time being performing the duties of auditor of the Company (if any). | |
“Business Combination” |
means a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganisation or similar business combination involving the Company, with one or more businesses or entities (the “ target business | |
“business day” |
means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a legal holiday or a day on which banking institutions or trust companies are authorised or obligated by law to close in New York City. | |
“Clearing House” |
means a clearing house recognised by the laws of the jurisdiction in which the Shares (or depositary receipts therefor) are listed or quoted on a stock exchange or interdealer quotation system in such jurisdiction. | |
“Class A Share” |
means a Class A ordinary share of a par value of US$0.0001 in the share capital of the Company. | |
“Class B Share” |
means a Class B ordinary share of a par value of US$0.0001 in the share capital of the Company. | |
“Company” |
means the above named company. | |
“Company’s Website” |
means the website of the Company and/or its web-address or domain name (if any). | |
“Compensation Committee” |
means the compensation committee of the board of directors of the Company established pursuant to the Articles, or any successor committee. | |
“Designated Stock Exchange” |
means any United States national securities exchange on which the securities of the Company are listed for trading, including the NYSE. | |
“Directors” |
means the directors for the time being of the Company. | |
“Dividend” |
means any dividend (whether interim or final) resolved to be paid on Shares pursuant to the Articles. | |
“Electronic Communication” |
means a communication sent by electronic means, including electronic posting to the Company’s Website, transmission to any number, address or internet website (including the website of the Securities and Exchange Commission) or other electronic delivery methods as otherwise decided and approved by the Directors. | |
“Electronic Record” |
has the same meaning as in the Electronic Transactions Act. | |
“Electronic Transactions Act” |
means the Electronic Transactions Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands. | |
“Equity-linked Securities” |
means any debt or equity securities that are convertible, exercisable or exchangeable for Class A Shares issued in a financing transaction in connection with a Business Combination, including but not limited to a private placement of equity or debt. | |
“Exchange Act” |
means the United States Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any similar U.S. federal statute and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder, all as the same shall be in effect at the time. | |
“Independent Director” |
has the same meaning as in the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange or in Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act, as the case may be. | |
“IPO” |
means the Company’s initial public offering of securities. | |
“Member” |
has the same meaning as in the Statute. | |
“Memorandum” |
means the amended and restated memorandum of association of the Company. | |
“Nominating Committee” |
means the nominating committee of the board of directors of the Company established pursuant to the Articles, or any successor committee. | |
“Officer” |
means a person appointed to hold an office in the Company. | |
“Ordinary Resolution” |
means a resolution passed by a simple majority of the Members as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at a general meeting, and includes a unanimous written resolution. In computing the majority when a poll is demanded regard shall be had to the number of votes to which each Member is entitled by the Articles. | |
“Over-Allotment Option” |
means the option of the Underwriters to purchase up to an additional 15% of the firm units (as described in the Articles) issued in the IPO at a price equal to US$10 per unit, less underwriting discounts and commissions. | |
“Preference Share” |
means a preference share of a par value of US$0.0001 in the share capital of the Company. | |
“Public Share” |
means a Class A Share issued as part of the units (as described in the Articles) issued in the IPO. | |
“Redemption Notice” |
means a notice in a form approved by the Company by which a holder of Public Shares is entitled to require the Company to redeem its Public Shares, subject to any conditions contained therein. | |
“Register of Members” |
means the register of Members maintained in accordance with the Statute and includes (except where otherwise stated) any branch or duplicate register of Members. | |
“Registered Office” |
means the registered office for the time being of the Company. | |
“Representative” |
means a representative of the Underwriters. | |
“Seal” |
means the common seal of the Company and includes every duplicate seal. | |
“Securities and Exchange Commission” |
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. | |
“Share” |
means a Class A Share, a Class B Share or a Preference Share and includes a fraction of a share in the Company. | |
“Special Resolution” |
has the same meaning as in the Statute, and includes a unanimous written resolution. | |
“Sponsor” |
means Ares Acquisition Holdings II LP, a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership, and its successors or assigns. | |
“Statute” |
means the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands. | |
“Tax Filing Authorised Person” |
means such person as any Director shall designate from time to time, acting severally. | |
“Treasury Share” |
means a Share held in the name of the Company as a treasury share in accordance with the Statute. | |
“Trust Account” |
means the trust account established by the Company upon the consummation of the IPO and into which a certain amount of the net proceeds of the IPO, together with a certain amount of the proceeds of (a) a private placement of warrants; and (b) overfunding loans from the Sponsor, simultaneously with the closing date of the IPO, will be deposited. | |
“Underwriter” |
means an underwriter of the IPO from time to time and any successor underwriter. | |
| 1.2 | In the Articles: |
| (a) | words importing the singular number include the plural number and vice versa; |
| (b) | words importing the masculine gender include the feminine gender; |
| (c) | words importing persons include corporations as well as any other legal or natural person; |
| (d) | “written” and “in writing” include all modes of representing or reproducing words in visible form, including in the form of an Electronic Record; |
| (e) | “shall” shall be construed as imperative and “may” shall be construed as permissive; |
| (f) | references to provisions of any law or regulation shall be construed as references to those provisions as amended, modified, re-enacted or replaced; |
| (g) | any phrase introduced by the terms “including”, “include”, “in particular” or any similar expression shall be construed as illustrative and shall not limit the sense of the words preceding those terms; |
| (h) | the term “and/or” is used to mean both “and” as well as “or.” The use of “and/or” in certain contexts in no respects qualifies or modifies the use of the terms “and” or “or” in others. The term “or” shall not be interpreted to be exclusive and the term “and” shall not be interpreted to require the conjunctive (in each case, unless the context otherwise requires); |
| (i) | headings are inserted for reference only and shall be ignored in construing the Articles; |
| (j) | any requirements as to delivery under the Articles include delivery in the form of an Electronic Record; |
| (k) | any requirements as to execution or signature under the Articles including the execution of the Articles themselves can be satisfied in the form of an electronic signature as defined in the Electronic Transactions Act; |
| (l) | sections 8 and 19(3) of the Electronic Transactions Act shall not apply; |
| (m) | the term “clear days” in relation to the period of a notice means that period excluding the day when the notice is received or deemed to be received and the day for which it is given or on which it is to take effect; and |
| (n) | the term “holder” in relation to a Share means a person whose name is entered in the Register of Members as the holder of such Share. |
2 |
Commencement of Business |
| 2.1 | The business of the Company may be commenced as soon after incorporation of the Company as the Directors shall see fit. |
| 2.2 | The Directors may pay, out of the capital or any other monies of the Company, all expenses incurred in or about the formation and establishment of the Company, including the expenses of registration. |
3 |
Issue of Shares and other Securities |
| 3.1 | Subject to the provisions, if any, in the Memorandum (and to any direction that may be given by the Company in general meeting) and, where applicable, the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law, and without prejudice to any rights attached to any existing Shares, the Directors may allot, issue, grant options over or otherwise dispose of Shares (including fractions of a Share) with or without preferred, deferred or other rights or restrictions, whether in regard to Dividends or other distributions, voting, return of capital or otherwise and to such persons, at such times and on such other terms as they think proper, and may also (subject to the Statute and the Articles) vary such rights, save that the Directors shall not allot, issue, grant options over or otherwise dispose of Shares (including fractions of a Share) to the extent that it may affect the ability of the Company to carry out a Class B Ordinary Share Conversion set out in the Articles. |
| 3.2 | The Company may issue rights, options, warrants or convertible securities or securities of similar nature conferring the right upon the holders thereof to subscribe for, purchase or receive any class of Shares or other securities in the Company on such terms as the Directors may from time to time determine. |
| 3.3 | The Company may issue units of securities in the Company, which may be comprised of whole or fractional Shares, rights, options, warrants or convertible securities or securities of similar nature conferring the right upon the holders thereof to subscribe for, purchase or receive any class of Shares or other securities in the Company, upon such terms as the Directors may from time to time determine. The securities comprising any such units which are issued pursuant to the IPO can only be traded separately |
| from one another on the 52nd day following the date of the prospectus relating to the IPO unless the Representative(s) determines that an earlier date is acceptable, subject to the Company having filed a current report on Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission and a press release announcing when such separate trading will begin. Prior to such date, the units can be traded, but the securities comprising such units cannot be traded separately from one another. |
| 3.4 | The Company shall not issue Shares to bearer. |
4 |
Register of Members |
| 4.1 | The Company shall maintain or cause to be maintained the Register of Members in accordance with the Statute. |
| 4.2 | The Directors may determine that the Company shall maintain one or more branch registers of Members in accordance with the Statute. The Directors may also determine which register of Members shall constitute the principal register and which shall constitute the branch register or registers, and to vary such determination from time to time. |
5 |
Closing Register of Members or Fixing Record Date |
| 5.1 | For the purpose of determining Members entitled to notice of, or to vote at any meeting of Members or any adjournment thereof, or Members entitled to receive payment of any Dividend or other distribution, or in order to make a determination of Members for any other purpose, the Directors may, after notice has been given by advertisement in an appointed newspaper or any other newspaper or by any other means in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law, provide that the Register of Members shall be closed for transfers for a stated period which shall not in any case exceed forty days. |
| 5.2 | In lieu of, or apart from, closing the Register of Members, the Directors may fix in advance or arrears a date as the record date for any such determination of Members entitled to notice of, or to vote at any meeting of the Members or any adjournment thereof, or for the purpose of determining the Members entitled to receive payment of any Dividend or other distribution, or in order to make a determination of Members for any other purpose. |
| 5.3 | If the Register of Members is not so closed and no record date is fixed for the determination of Members entitled to notice of, or to vote at, a meeting of Members or Members entitled to receive payment of a Dividend or other distribution, the date on which notice of the meeting is sent or the date on which the resolution of the Directors resolving to pay such Dividend or other distribution is passed, as the case may be, shall be the record date for such determination of Members. When a determination of Members entitled to vote at any meeting of Members has been made as provided in this Article, such determination shall apply to any adjournment thereof. |
6 |
Certificates for Shares |
| 6.1 | A Member shall only be entitled to a share certificate if the Directors resolve that share certificates shall be issued. Share certificates representing Shares, if any, shall be in such form as the Directors may determine. Share certificates shall be signed by one or more Directors or other person authorised by the Directors. The Directors may authorise certificates to be issued with the authorised signature(s) affixed by mechanical process. All certificates for Shares shall be consecutively numbered or otherwise identified and shall specify the Shares to which they relate. All certificates surrendered to the Company for transfer shall be cancelled and, subject to the Articles, no new certificate shall be issued until the former certificate representing a like number of relevant Shares shall have been surrendered and cancelled. |
| 6.2 | The Company shall not be bound to issue more than one certificate for Shares held jointly by more than one person and delivery of a certificate to one joint holder shall be a sufficient delivery to all of them. |
| 6.3 | If a share certificate is defaced, worn out, lost or destroyed, it may be renewed on such terms (if any) as to evidence and indemnity and on the payment of such expenses reasonably incurred by the Company in investigating evidence, as the Directors may prescribe, and (in the case of defacement or wearing out) upon delivery of the old certificate. |
| 6.4 | Every share certificate sent in accordance with the Articles will be sent at the risk of the Member or other person entitled to the certificate. The Company will not be responsible for any share certificate lost or delayed in the course of delivery. |
| 6.5 | Share certificates shall be issued within the relevant time limit as prescribed by the Statute, if applicable, or as the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law may from time to time determine, whichever is shorter, after the allotment or, except in the case of a Share transfer which the Company is for the time being entitled to refuse to register and does not register, after lodgement of a Share transfer with the Company. |
7 |
Transfer of Shares |
| 7.1 | Subject to the terms of the Articles, any Member may transfer all or any of its Shares by an instrument of transfer provided that such transfer complies with the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law. If the Shares in question were issued in conjunction with rights, options, warrants or units issued pursuant to the Articles on terms that one cannot be transferred without the other, the Directors shall refuse to register the transfer of any such Share without evidence satisfactory to them of the like transfer of such right, option, warrant or unit. |
| 7.2 | The instrument of transfer of any Share shall be in writing in the usual or common form or in a form prescribed by the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law or in any other form approved by the Directors and shall be executed by or on behalf of the transferor (and if the Directors so require, signed by or on behalf of the transferee) and may be under hand or, if the transferor or transferee is a Clearing House or its nominee(s), by hand or by machine imprinted signature or by such other manner of execution as the Directors may approve from time to time. The transferor shall be deemed to remain the holder of a Share until the name of the transferee is entered in the Register of Members. |
8 |
Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Shares |
| 8.1 | Subject to the provisions of the Statute, and, where applicable, the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law, the Company may issue Shares that are to be redeemed or are liable to be redeemed at the option of the Member or the Company. The redemption of such Shares, except Public Shares, shall be effected in such manner and upon such other terms as the Company may, by Special Resolution, determine before the issue of such Shares. With respect to redeeming or repurchasing the Shares: |
| (a) | Members who hold Public Shares are entitled to request the redemption of such Shares in the circumstances described in the Business Combination Article hereof; |
| (b) | Class B Shares held by the Sponsor shall be surrendered by the Sponsor for no consideration to the extent that the Over-Allotment Option is not exercised in full so that the Sponsor will own 20% of the Company’s issued Shares after the IPO (exclusive of any securities purchased in a private placement simultaneously with the IPO); and |
| (c) | Public Shares shall be repurchased by way of tender offer in the circumstances set out in the Business Combination Article hereof. |
| 8.2 | Subject to the provisions of the Statute, and, where applicable, the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law, the Company may purchase its own Shares (including any redeemable Shares) in such manner and on such other terms as the Directors may agree with the relevant Member. For the avoidance of doubt, redemptions, repurchases and surrenders of Shares in the circumstances described in the Article above shall not require further approval of the Members. |
| 8.3 | The Company may make a payment in respect of the redemption or purchase of its own Shares in any manner permitted by the Statute, including out of capital. |
| 8.4 | The Directors may accept the surrender for no consideration of any fully paid Share. |
9 |
Treasury Shares |
| 9.1 | The Directors may, prior to the purchase, redemption or surrender of any Share, determine that such Share shall be held as a Treasury Share. |
| 9.2 | The Directors may determine to cancel a Treasury Share or transfer a Treasury Share on such terms as they think proper (including, without limitation, for nil consideration). |
10 |
Variation of Rights of Shares |
| 10.1 | Subject to Article 3.1, if at any time the share capital of the Company is divided into different classes of Shares, all or any of the rights attached to any class (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the Shares of that class) may, whether or not the Company is being wound up, be varied without the consent of the holders of the issued Shares of that class where such variation is considered by the Directors not to have a material adverse effect upon such rights; otherwise, any such variation shall be made only with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than two thirds of the issued Shares of that class (other than with respect to a waiver of the provisions of the Class B Ordinary Share Conversion Article hereof, which as stated therein shall only require the consent in writing of the holders of a majority of the issued Shares of that class), or with the approval of a resolution passed by a majority of not less than two thirds of the votes cast at a separate meeting of the holders of the Shares of that class. For the avoidance of doubt, the Directors reserve the right, notwithstanding that any such variation may not have a material adverse effect, to obtain consent from the holders of Shares of the relevant class. To any such meeting all the provisions of the Articles relating to general meetings shall apply mutatis mutandis one-third of the issued Shares of the class and that any holder of Shares of the class present in person or by proxy may demand a poll. |
| 10.2 | For the purposes of a separate class meeting, the Directors may treat two or more or all the classes of Shares as forming one class of Shares if the Directors consider that such class of Shares would be affected in the same way by the proposals under consideration, but in any other case shall treat them as separate classes of Shares. |
| 10.3 | The rights conferred upon the holders of the Shares of any class issued with preferred or other rights shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the Shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further Shares ranking pari passu therewith or Shares issued with preferred or other rights. |
11 |
Commission on Sale of Shares |
12 |
Non Recognition of Trusts |
13 |
Lien on Shares |
| 13.1 | The Company shall have a first and paramount lien on all Shares (whether fully paid-up or not) registered in the name of a Member (whether solely or jointly with others) for all debts, liabilities or engagements to or with the Company (whether presently payable or not) by such Member or their estate, either alone or jointly with any other person, whether a Member or not, but the Directors may at any time declare any Share to be wholly or in part exempt from the provisions of this Article. The registration of a transfer of any such Share shall operate as a waiver of the Company’s lien thereon. The Company’s lien on a Share shall also extend to any amount payable in respect of that Share. |
| 13.2 | The Company may sell, in such manner as the Directors think fit, any Shares on which the Company has a lien, if a sum in respect of which the lien exists is presently payable, and is not paid within 14 clear days after notice has been received or deemed to have been received by the holder of the Shares, or to the person entitled to it in consequence of the death or bankruptcy of the holder, demanding payment and stating that if the notice is not complied with the Shares may be sold. |
| 13.3 | To give effect to any such sale the Directors may authorise any person to execute an instrument of transfer of the Shares sold to, or in accordance with the directions of, the purchaser. The purchaser or their nominee shall be registered as the holder of the Shares comprised in any such transfer, and they shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money, nor shall their title to the Shares be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the sale or the exercise of the Company’s power of sale under the Articles. |
| 13.4 | The net proceeds of such sale after payment of costs, shall be applied in payment of such part of the amount in respect of which the lien exists as is presently payable and any balance shall (subject to a like lien for sums not presently payable as existed upon the Shares before the sale) be paid to the person entitled to the Shares at the date of the sale. |
14 |
Call on Shares |
| 14.1 | Subject to the terms of the allotment and issue of any Shares, the Directors may make calls upon the Members in respect of any monies unpaid on their Shares (whether in respect of par value or premium), and each Member shall (subject to receiving at least 14 clear days’ notice specifying the time or times of payment) pay to the Company at the time or times so specified the amount called on the Shares. A call may be revoked or postponed, in whole or in part, as the Directors may determine. A call may be required to be paid by instalments. A person upon whom a call is made shall remain liable for calls made upon them notwithstanding the subsequent transfer of the Shares in respect of which the call was made. |
| 14.2 | A call shall be deemed to have been made at the time when the resolution of the Directors authorising such call was passed. |
| 14.3 | The joint holders of a Share shall be jointly and severally liable to pay all calls in respect thereof. |
| 14.4 | If a call remains unpaid after it has become due and payable, the person from whom it is due shall pay interest on the amount unpaid from the day it became due and payable until it is paid at such rate as the |
| Directors may determine (and in addition all expenses that have been incurred by the Company by reason of such non-payment), but the Directors may waive payment of the interest or expenses wholly or in part. |
| 14.5 | An amount payable in respect of a Share on issue or allotment or at any fixed date, whether on account of the par value of the Share or premium or otherwise, shall be deemed to be a call and if it is not paid all the provisions of the Articles shall apply as if that amount had become due and payable by virtue of a call. |
| 14.6 | The Directors may issue Shares with different terms as to the amount and times of payment of calls, or the interest to be paid. |
| 14.7 | The Directors may, if they think fit, receive an amount from any Member willing to advance all or any part of the monies uncalled and unpaid upon any Shares held by that Member, and may (until the amount would otherwise become payable) pay interest at such rate as may be agreed upon between the Directors and the Member paying such amount in advance. |
| 14.8 | No such amount paid in advance of calls shall entitle the Member paying such amount to any portion of a Dividend or other distribution payable in respect of any period prior to the date upon which such amount would, but for such payment, become payable. |
15 |
Forfeiture of Shares |
| 15.1 | If a call or instalment of a call remains unpaid after it has become due and payable the Directors may give to the person from whom it is due not less than 14 clear days’ notice requiring payment of the amount unpaid together with any interest which may have accrued and any expenses incurred by the Company by reason of such non-payment. The notice shall specify where payment is to be made and shall state that if the notice is not complied with the Shares in respect of which the call was made will be liable to be forfeited. |
| 15.2 | If the notice is not complied with, any Share in respect of which it was given may, before the payment required by the notice has been made, be forfeited by a resolution of the Directors. Such forfeiture shall include all Dividends, other distributions or other monies payable in respect of the forfeited Share and not paid before the forfeiture. |
| 15.3 | A forfeited Share may be sold, re-allotted or otherwise disposed of on such terms and in such manner as the Directors think fit and at any time before a sale, re-allotment or disposition the forfeiture may be cancelled on such terms as the Directors think fit. Where for the purposes of its disposal a forfeited Share is to be transferred to any person the Directors may authorise some person to execute an instrument of transfer of the Share in favour of that person. |
| 15.4 | A person any of whose Shares have been forfeited shall cease to be a Member in respect of them and shall surrender to the Company for cancellation the certificate for the Shares forfeited and shall remain liable to pay to the Company all monies which at the date of forfeiture were payable by that person to the Company in respect of those Shares together with interest at such rate as the Directors may determine, but that person’s liability shall cease if and when the Company shall have received payment in full of all monies due and payable by them in respect of those Shares. |
| 15.5 | A certificate in writing under the hand of one Director or Officer that a Share has been forfeited on a specified date shall be conclusive evidence of the facts stated in it as against all persons claiming to be entitled to the Share. The certificate shall (subject to the execution of an instrument of transfer) constitute a good title to the Share and the person to whom the Share is sold or otherwise disposed of shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money, if any, nor shall their title to the Share be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the proceedings in reference to the forfeiture, sale or disposal of the Share. |
| 15.6 | The provisions of the Articles as to forfeiture shall apply in the case of non payment of any sum which, by the terms of issue of a Share, becomes payable at a fixed time, whether on account of the par value of the Share or by way of premium as if it had been payable by virtue of a call duly made and notified. |
16 |
Transmission of Shares |
| 16.1 | If a Member dies, the survivor or survivors (where they were a joint holder), or their legal personal representatives (where they were a sole holder), shall be the only persons recognised by the Company as having any title to the deceased Member’s Shares. The estate of a deceased Member is not thereby released from any liability in respect of any Share, for which the Member was a joint or sole holder. |
| 16.2 | Any person becoming entitled to a Share in consequence of the death or bankruptcy or liquidation or dissolution of a Member (or in any other way than by transfer) may, upon such evidence being produced as may be required by the Directors, elect, by a notice in writing sent by that person to the Company, either to become the holder of such Share or to have some person nominated by them registered as the holder of such Share. If they elect to have another person registered as the holder of such Share they shall sign an instrument of transfer of that Share to that person. The Directors shall, in either case, have the same right to decline or suspend registration as they would have had in the case of a transfer of the Share by the relevant Member before their death or bankruptcy or liquidation or dissolution, as the case may be. |
| 16.3 | A person becoming entitled to a Share by reason of the death or bankruptcy or liquidation or dissolution of a Member (or in any other case than by transfer) shall be entitled to the same Dividends, other distributions and other advantages to which they would be entitled if they were the holder of such Share. However, they shall not, before becoming a Member in respect of a Share, be entitled in respect of it to exercise any right conferred by membership in relation to general meetings of the Company and the Directors may at any time give notice requiring any such person to elect either to be registered or to have some person nominated by them registered as the holder of the Share (but the Directors shall, in either case, have the same right to decline or suspend registration as they would have had in the case of a transfer of the Share by the relevant Member before their death or bankruptcy or liquidation or dissolution or any other case than by transfer, as the case may be). If the notice is not complied with within 90 days of being received or deemed to be received (as determined pursuant to the Articles), the Directors may thereafter withhold payment of all Dividends, other distributions, bonuses or other monies payable in respect of the Share until the requirements of the notice have been complied with. |
17 |
Class B Ordinary Share Conversion |
| 17.1 | The rights attaching to the Class A Shares and Class B Shares shall rank pari passu |
| 17.2 | Class B Shares shall convert into Class A Shares on a one-for-one Initial Conversion Ratio |
| 17.3 | Notwithstanding the Initial Conversion Ratio, in the case that additional Class A Shares or any other Equity-linked Securities, are issued, or deemed issued, by the Company in excess of the amounts offered in the IPO and related to the consummation of a Business Combination, all Class B Shares in issue upon the completion of the IPO shall convert or be convertible into Class A Shares at the time of the consummation of a Business Combination at a ratio for which the Class B Shares shall convert or be convertible into Class A Shares will be adjusted (unless the holders of a majority of the Class B Shares in issue agree to waive such anti-dilution adjustment with respect to any such issuance or deemed issuance) so that the number of Class A Shares issuable upon conversion of all Class B Shares will equal, on an as-converted basis, in the aggregate, 20% of the sum of all Class A Shares and Class B Shares in issue upon completion of the IPO plus all Class A Shares issued or deemed issued or issuable upon conversion or exercise of any Equity-linked Securities or rights issued or deemed issued in connection with or in relation to a Business Combination, excluding any Class A Shares or Equity-linked Securities exercisable for or convertible into Class A Shares issued, deemed issued, or to be issued, to any seller in a Business Combination and any |
| private placement warrants issued to the Sponsor, its Affiliates or Management (as defined below) upon conversion of working capital and overfunding loans made to the Company. |
| 17.4 | Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the foregoing adjustment to the Initial Conversion Ratio may be waived as to any particular issuance or deemed issuance of additional Class A Shares or Equity-linked Securities by the written consent or agreement of holders of a majority of the Class B Shares then in issue consenting or agreeing separately as a separate class in the manner provided in the Variation of Rights of Shares Article hereof. |
| 17.5 | The foregoing conversion ratio shall also be adjusted to account for any subdivision (by share subdivision, exchange, capitalisation, rights issue, reclassification, recapitalisation or otherwise) or combination (by share consolidation, exchange, reclassification, recapitalisation or otherwise) or similar reclassification or recapitalisation of the Class A Shares in issue into a greater or lesser number of shares occurring after the original filing of the Articles without a proportionate and corresponding subdivision, combination or similar reclassification or recapitalisation of the Class B Shares in issue. |
| 17.6 | Each Class B Share shall convert into its pro rata number of Class A Shares pursuant to this Article. The pro rata share for each holder of Class B Shares will be determined as follows: each Class B Share shall convert into such number of Class A Shares as is equal to the product of 1 multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the total number of Class A Shares into which all of the Class B Shares in issue shall be converted pursuant to this Article and the denominator of which shall be the total number of Class B Shares in issue at the time of conversion. |
| 17.7 | References in this Article to “converted”, “conversion” or “exchange” shall mean the compulsory redemption without notice of Class B Shares of any Member and, on behalf of such Members, automatic application of such redemption proceeds in paying for such new Class A Shares into which the Class B Shares have been converted or exchanged at a price per Class B Share necessary to give effect to a conversion or exchange calculated on the basis that the Class A Shares to be issued as part of the conversion or exchange will be issued at par. The Class A Shares to be issued on an exchange or conversion shall be registered in the name of such Member or in such name as the Member may direct. |
| 17.8 | Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Article, in no event may any Class B Share convert into Class A Shares at a ratio that is less than one-for-one. |
18 |
Amendments of Memorandum and Articles of Association and Alteration of Capital |
| 18.1 | The Company may by Ordinary Resolution: |
| (a) | increase its share capital by such sum as the Ordinary Resolution shall prescribe and with such rights, priorities and privileges annexed thereto, as the Company in general meeting may determine; |
| (b) | consolidate and divide all or any of its share capital into Shares of larger amount than its existing Shares; |
| (c) | convert all or any of its paid-up Shares into stock, and reconvert that stock into paid-up Shares of any denomination; |
| (d) | by subdivision of its existing Shares or any of them divide the whole or any part of its share capital into Shares of smaller amount than is fixed by the Memorandum or into Shares without par value; and |
| (e) | cancel any Shares that at the date of the passing of the Ordinary Resolution have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person and diminish the amount of its share capital by the amount of the Shares so cancelled. |
| 18.2 | All new Shares created in accordance with the provisions of the preceding Article shall be subject to the same provisions of the Articles with reference to the payment of calls, liens, transfer, transmission, forfeiture and otherwise as the Shares in the original share capital. |
| 18.3 | Subject to the provisions of the Statute and the provisions of the Articles as regards the matters to be dealt with by Ordinary Resolution, the Company may by Special Resolution: |
| (a) | change its name; |
| (b) | alter or add to the Articles; |
| (c) | alter or add to the Memorandum with respect to any objects, powers or other matters specified therein; and |
| (d) | reduce its share capital or any capital redemption reserve fund. |
19 |
Offices and Places of Business |
20 |
General Meetings |
| 20.1 | All general meetings other than annual general meetings shall be called extraordinary general meetings. |
| 20.2 | The Company may, but shall not (unless required by the Statute) be obliged to, in each year hold a general meeting as its annual general meeting, and shall specify the meeting as such in the notices calling it. Any annual general meeting shall be held at such time and place as the Directors shall appoint. At these meetings the report of the Directors (if any) shall be presented. |
| 20.3 | The Directors, the chief executive officer or the chairperson of the board of Directors may call general meetings, and, for the avoidance of doubt, Members shall not have the ability to call general meetings. |
| 20.4 | Members seeking to bring business before the annual general meeting or to nominate candidates for appointment as Directors at the annual general meeting must deliver notice to the principal executive offices of the Company not less than 120 calendar days before the date of the Company’s proxy statement released to Members in connection with the previous year’s annual general meeting or, if the Company did not hold an annual general meeting the previous year, or if the date of the current year’s annual general meeting has been changed by more than 30 days from the date of the previous year’s annual general meeting, then the deadline shall be set by the board of Directors with such deadline being a reasonable time before the Company begins to print and send its related proxy materials. |
21 |
Notice of General Meetings |
| 21.1 | At least five clear days’ notice shall be given of any general meeting. Every notice shall specify the place, the day and the hour of the meeting and the general nature of the business to be conducted at the general meeting and shall be given in the manner hereinafter mentioned or in such other manner if any as may be prescribed by the Company, provided that a general meeting of the Company shall, whether or not the notice specified in this Article has been given and whether or not the provisions of the Articles regarding general meetings have been complied with, be deemed to have been duly convened if it is so agreed: |
| (a) | in the case of an annual general meeting, by all of the Members entitled to attend and vote at the meeting; and |
| (b) | in the case of an extraordinary general meeting, by a majority in number of the Members having a right to attend and vote at the meeting, together holding not less than 95% in par value of the Shares giving that right. |
| 21.2 | The accidental omission to give notice of a general meeting to, or the non receipt of notice of a general meeting by, any person entitled to receive such notice shall not invalidate the proceedings of that general meeting. |
22 |
Proceedings at General Meetings |
| 22.1 | No business shall be transacted at any general meeting unless a quorum is present. The holders of a majority of the Shares being individuals present in person or by proxy or if a corporation or other non-natural person by its duly authorised representative or proxy shall be a quorum. |
| 22.2 | A person may participate at a general meeting by conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all the persons participating in the meeting can communicate with each other. Participation by a person in a general meeting in this manner is treated as presence in person at that meeting. |
| 22.3 | A resolution (including a Special Resolution) in writing (in one or more counterparts) signed by or on behalf of all of the Members for the time being entitled to receive notice of and to attend and vote at general meetings (or, being corporations or other non-natural persons, signed by their duly authorised representatives) shall be as valid and effective as if the resolution had been passed at a general meeting of the Company duly convened and held. |
| 22.4 | If a quorum is not present within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting to commence, the meeting shall stand adjourned to the same day in the next week at the same time and/or place or to such other day, time and/or place as the Directors may determine, and if at the adjourned meeting a quorum is not present within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting to commence, the Members present shall be a quorum. |
| 22.5 | The Directors may, at any time prior to the time appointed for the meeting to commence, appoint any person to act as chairperson of a general meeting of the Company or, if the Directors do not make any such appointment, the chairperson, if any, of the board of Directors shall preside as chairperson at such general meeting. If there is no such chairperson, or if the person shall not be present within 15 minutes after the time appointed for the meeting to commence, or is unwilling to act, the Directors present shall elect one of their number to be chairperson of the meeting. |
| 22.6 | If no Director is willing to act as chairperson or if no Director is present within 15 minutes after the time appointed for the meeting to commence, the Members present shall choose one of their number to be chairperson of the meeting. |
| 22.7 | The chairperson may, with the consent of a meeting at which a quorum is present (and shall if so directed by the meeting) adjourn the meeting from time to time and from place to place, but no business shall be transacted at any adjourned meeting other than the business left unfinished at the meeting from which the adjournment took place. |
| 22.8 | When a general meeting is adjourned for 30 days or more, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given as in the case of an original meeting. Otherwise it shall not be necessary to give any such notice of an adjourned meeting. |
| 22.9 | If, prior to a Business Combination, a notice is issued in respect of a general meeting and the Directors, in their absolute discretion, consider that it is impractical or undesirable for any reason to hold that general meeting at the place, the day and the hour specified in the notice calling such general meeting, the Directors may postpone the general meeting to another place, day and/or hour provided that notice of the place, the day and the hour of the rearranged general meeting is promptly given to all Members. No business shall be transacted at any postponed meeting other than the business specified in the notice of the original meeting. |
| 22.10 | When a general meeting is postponed for thirty days or more, notice of the postponed meeting shall be given as in the case of an original meeting. Otherwise it shall not be necessary to give any such notice of a postponed meeting. All proxy forms submitted for the original general meeting shall remain valid for the postponed meeting. The Directors may postpone a general meeting which has already been postponed. |
| 22.11 | A resolution put to the vote of the meeting shall be decided on a poll. |
| 22.12 | A poll shall be taken as the chairperson directs, and the result of the poll shall be deemed to be the resolution of the general meeting at which the poll was demanded. |
| 22.13 | A poll demanded on the election of a chairperson or on a question of adjournment shall be taken forthwith. A poll demanded on any other question shall be taken at such date, time and place as the chairperson of the general meeting directs, and any business other than that upon which a poll has been demanded or is contingent thereon may proceed pending the taking of the poll. |
| 22.14 | In the case of an equality of votes the chairperson shall be entitled to a second or casting vote. |
23 |
Votes of Members |
| 23.1 | Subject to any rights or restrictions attached to any Shares, including as set out at Article 29.4, every Member present in any such manner shall have one vote for every Share of which they are the holder. |
| 23.2 | In the case of joint holders the vote of the senior holder who tenders a vote, whether in person or by proxy (or, in the case of a corporation or other non-natural person, by its duly authorised representative or proxy), shall be accepted to the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holders, and seniority shall be determined by the order in which the names of the holders stand in the Register of Members. |
| 23.3 | A Member of unsound mind, or in respect of whom an order has been made by any court, having jurisdiction in lunacy, may vote by their committee, receiver, curator bonis, or other person on such Member’s behalf appointed by that court, and any such committee, receiver, curator bonis or other person may vote by proxy. |
| 23.4 | No person shall be entitled to vote at any general meeting unless they are registered as a Member on the record date for such meeting nor unless all calls or other monies then payable by them in respect of Shares have been paid. |
| 23.5 | No objection shall be raised as to the qualification of any voter except at the general meeting or adjourned general meeting at which the vote objected to is given or tendered and every vote not disallowed at the meeting shall be valid. Any objection made in due time in accordance with this Article shall be referred to the chairperson whose decision shall be final and conclusive. |
| 23.6 | Votes may be cast either personally or by proxy (or in the case of a corporation or other non-natural person by its duly authorised representative or proxy). A Member may appoint more than one proxy or the same proxy under one or more instruments to attend and vote at a meeting. Where a Member appoints more than one proxy the instrument of proxy shall specify the number of Shares in respect of which each proxy is entitled to exercise the related votes. |
| 23.7 | A Member holding more than one Share need not cast the votes in respect of their Shares in the same way on any resolution and therefore may vote a Share or some or all such Shares either for or against a resolution and/or abstain from voting a Share or some or all of the Shares and, subject to the terms of the instrument appointing the proxy, a proxy appointed under one or more instruments may vote a Share or some or all of the Shares in respect of which they are appointed either for or against a resolution and/or abstain from voting a Share or some or all of the Shares in respect of which they are appointed. |
24 |
Proxies |
| 24.1 | The instrument appointing a proxy shall be in writing and shall be executed under the hand of the appointor or of their attorney duly authorised in writing, or, if the appointor is a corporation or other non natural person, under the hand of its duly authorised representative. A proxy need not be a Member. |
| 24.2 | The Directors may, in the notice convening any meeting or adjourned meeting, or in an instrument of proxy sent out by the Company, specify the manner by which the instrument appointing a proxy shall be deposited and the place and the time (being not later than the time appointed for the commencement of the |
| meeting or adjourned meeting to which the proxy relates) at which the instrument appointing a proxy shall be deposited. In the absence of any such direction from the Directors in the notice convening any meeting or adjourned meeting or in an instrument of proxy sent out by the Company, the instrument appointing a proxy shall be deposited physically at the Registered Office not less than 48 hours before the time appointed for the meeting or adjourned meeting to commence at which the person named in the instrument proposes to vote. |
| 24.3 | The chairperson may in any event at their discretion declare that an instrument of proxy shall be deemed to have been duly deposited. An instrument of proxy that is not deposited in the manner permitted, or which has not been declared to have been duly deposited by the chairperson, shall be invalid. |
| 24.4 | The instrument appointing a proxy may be in any usual or common form (or such other form as the Directors may approve) and may be expressed to be for a particular meeting or any adjournment thereof or generally until revoked. An instrument appointing a proxy shall be deemed to include the power to demand or join or concur in demanding a poll. |
| 24.5 | Votes given in accordance with the terms of an instrument of proxy shall be valid notwithstanding the previous death or insanity of the principal or revocation of the proxy or of the authority under which the proxy was executed, or the transfer of the Share in respect of which the proxy is given unless notice in writing of such death, insanity, revocation or transfer was received by the Company at the Registered Office before the commencement of the general meeting, or adjourned meeting at which it is sought to use the proxy. |
25 |
Corporate Members |
| 25.1 | Any corporation or other non-natural person which is a Member may in accordance with its constitutional documents, or in the absence of such provision by resolution of its directors or other governing body, authorise such person as it thinks fit to act as its representative at any meeting of the Company or of any class of Members, and the person so authorised shall be entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the corporation which they represent as the corporation could exercise if it were an individual Member. |
| 25.2 | If a Clearing House (or its nominee(s)), being a corporation, is a Member, it may authorise such persons as it sees fit to act as its representative at any meeting of the Company or at any meeting of any class of Members provided that the authorisation shall specify the number and class of Shares in respect of which each such representative is so authorised. Each person so authorised under the provisions of this Article shall be deemed to have been duly authorised without further evidence of the facts and be entitled to exercise the same rights and powers on behalf of the Clearing House (or its nominee(s)) as if such person was the registered holder of such Shares held by the Clearing House (or its nominee(s)). |
26 |
Shares that May Not be Voted |
27 |
Directors |
| 27.1 | There shall be a board of Directors consisting of not less than one person provided however that the Company may by Ordinary Resolution increase or reduce the limits in the number of Directors. |
| 27.2 | The Directors shall be divided into three classes: Class I, Class II and Class III. The number of Directors in each class shall be as nearly equal as possible. Upon the adoption of the Articles, the existing Directors shall by resolution classify themselves as Class I, Class II or Class III Directors. The Class I Directors shall stand appointed for a term expiring at the Company’s first annual general meeting, the Class II Directors |
| shall stand appointed for a term expiring at the Company’s second annual general meeting and the Class III Directors shall stand appointed for a term expiring at the Company’s third annual general meeting. Commencing at the Company’s first annual general meeting, and at each annual general meeting thereafter, Directors appointed to succeed those Directors whose terms expire shall be appointed for a term of office to expire at the third succeeding annual general meeting after their appointment. Except as the Statute or other Applicable Law may otherwise require, in the interim between annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings called for the appointment of Directors and/or the removal of one or more Directors and the filling of any vacancy in that connection, additional Directors and any vacancies in the board of Directors, including unfilled vacancies resulting from the removal of Directors for cause, may be filled by the vote of a majority of the remaining Directors then in office, although less than a quorum (as defined in the Articles), or by the sole remaining Director. All Directors shall hold office until the expiration of their respective terms of office and until their successors shall have been appointed and qualified. A Director appointed to fill a vacancy resulting from the death, resignation or removal of a Director shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the Director whose death, resignation or removal shall have created such vacancy and until their successor shall have been appointed and qualified. |
28 |
Powers of Directors |
| 28.1 | Subject to the provisions of the Statute, the Memorandum and the Articles and to any directions given by Special Resolution, the business of the Company shall be managed by the Directors who may exercise all the powers of the Company. No alteration of the Memorandum or Articles and no such direction shall invalidate any prior act of the Directors which would have been valid if that alteration had not been made or that direction had not been given. A duly convened meeting of Directors at which a quorum is present may exercise all powers exercisable by the Directors. |
| 28.2 | All cheques, promissory notes, drafts, bills of exchange and other negotiable or transferable instruments and all receipts for monies paid to the Company shall be signed, drawn, accepted, endorsed or otherwise executed as the case may be in such manner as the Directors shall determine by resolution. |
| 28.3 | The Directors on behalf of the Company may pay a gratuity or pension or allowance on retirement to any Director who has held any other salaried office or place of profit with the Company or to their surviving spouse, civil partner or dependants and may make contributions to any fund and pay premiums for the purchase or provision of any such gratuity, pension or allowance. |
| 28.4 | The Directors may exercise all the powers of the Company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and assets (present and future) and uncalled capital or any part thereof and to issue debentures, debenture stock, mortgages, bonds and other such securities whether outright or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the Company or of any third party. |
29 |
Appointment and Removal of Directors |
| 29.1 | The Company may by Ordinary Resolution appoint any person to be a Director or may by Ordinary Resolution remove any Director. |
| 29.2 | The Directors may appoint any person to be a Director, either to fill a vacancy or as an additional Director provided that the appointment does not cause the number of Directors to exceed any number fixed by or in accordance with the Articles as the maximum number of Directors. |
30 |
Vacation of Office of Director |
| (a) | the Director gives notice in writing to the Company that they resign the office of Director; or |
| (b) | the Director is absent (for the avoidance of doubt, without being represented by proxy) from three consecutive meetings of the board of Directors without special leave of absence from the Directors, and the Directors pass a resolution that they have by reason of such absence vacated office; or |
| (c) | the Director dies, becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with their creditors generally; or |
| (d) | the Director is found to be or becomes of unsound mind; or |
| (e) | all of the other Directors (being not less than two in number) determine that the Director should be removed as a Director, either by a resolution passed by all of the other Directors at a meeting of the Directors duly convened and held in accordance with the Articles or by a resolution in writing signed by all of the other Directors. |
31 |
Proceedings of Directors |
| 31.1 | The quorum for the transaction of the business of the Directors may be fixed by the Directors, and unless so fixed shall be a majority of the Directors then in office. |
| 31.2 | Subject to the provisions of the Articles, the Directors may regulate their proceedings as they think fit. Questions arising at any meeting shall be decided by a majority of votes. In the case of an equality of votes, the chairperson shall have a second or casting vote. |
| 31.3 | A person may participate in a meeting of the Directors or any committee of Directors by conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all the persons participating in the meeting can communicate with each other at the same time. Participation by a person in a meeting in this manner is treated as presence in person at that meeting. Unless otherwise determined by the Directors, the meeting shall be deemed to be held at the place where the chairperson is located at the start of the meeting. |
| 31.4 | A resolution in writing (in one or more counterparts) signed by all the Directors or all the members of a committee of the Directors or, in the case of a resolution in writing relating to the removal of any Director or the vacation of office by any Director, all of the Directors other than the Director who is the subject of such resolution shall be as valid and effectual as if it had been passed at a meeting of the Directors, or committee of Directors as the case may be, duly convened and held. |
| 31.5 | A Director may, or other Officer on the direction of a Director shall, call a meeting of the Directors by at least two days’ notice in writing to every Director which notice shall set forth the general nature of the business to be considered unless notice is waived by all the Directors either at, before or after the meeting is held. To any such notice of a meeting of the Directors all the provisions of the Articles relating to the giving of notices by the Company to the Members shall apply mutatis mutandis. |
| 31.6 | The continuing Directors (or a sole continuing Director, as the case may be) may act notwithstanding any vacancy in their body, but if and so long as their number is reduced below the number fixed by or pursuant to the Articles as the necessary quorum of Directors the continuing Directors or Director may act for the purpose of increasing the number of Directors to be equal to such fixed number, or of summoning a general meeting of the Company, but for no other purpose. |
| 31.7 | The Directors may elect a chairperson of their board and determine the period for which they are to hold office; but if no such chairperson is elected, or if at any meeting the chairperson is not present within five minutes after the time appointed for the meeting to commence, the Directors present may choose one of their number to be chairperson of the meeting. |
| 31.8 | All acts done by any meeting of the Directors or of a committee of the Directors shall, notwithstanding that it is afterwards discovered that there was some defect in the appointment of any Director, and/or that they or any of them were disqualified, and/or had vacated their office and/or were not entitled to vote, be as valid as if every such person had been duly appointed and/or not disqualified to be a Director and/or had not vacated their office and/or had been entitled to vote, as the case may be. |
| 31.9 | A Director may be represented at any meetings of the board of Directors by a proxy appointed in writing by that Director. The proxy shall count towards the quorum and the vote of the proxy shall for all purposes be deemed to be that of the appointing Director. |
32 |
Presumption of Assent |
33 |
Directors’ Interests |
| 33.1 | A Director may hold any other office or place of profit under the Company (other than the office of Auditor) in conjunction with their office of Director for such period and on such terms as to remuneration and otherwise as the Directors may determine. |
| 33.2 | A Director may act on their own or by, through or on behalf of their firm in a professional capacity for the Company and they or their firm shall be entitled to remuneration for professional services as if they were not a Director. |
| 33.3 | A Director may be or become a director or other officer of or otherwise interested in any company promoted by the Company or in which the Company may be interested as a shareholder, a contracting party or otherwise, and no such Director shall be accountable to the Company for any remuneration or other benefits received by them as a director or officer of, or from their interest in, such other company. |
| 33.4 | No person shall be disqualified from the office of Director or prevented by such office from contracting with the Company, either as vendor, purchaser or otherwise, nor shall any such contract or any contract or transaction entered into by or on behalf of the Company in which any Director shall be in any way interested be or be liable to be avoided, nor shall any Director so contracting or being so interested be liable to account to the Company for any profit realised by or arising in connection with any such contract or transaction by reason of such Director holding office or of the fiduciary relationship thereby established. A Director shall be at liberty to vote in respect of any contract or transaction in which they are interested provided that the nature of the interest of any Director in any such contract or transaction shall be disclosed by them at or prior to its consideration and any vote thereon. |
| 33.5 | A general notice that a Director is a shareholder, director, officer or employee of any specified firm or company and is to be regarded as interested in any transaction with such firm or company shall be sufficient disclosure for the purposes of voting on a resolution in respect of a contract or transaction in which they have an interest, and after such general notice it shall not be necessary to give special notice relating to any particular transaction. |
34 |
Minutes |
35 |
Delegation of Directors’ Powers |
| 35.1 | The Directors may delegate any of their powers, authorities and discretions, including the power to sub-delegate, to any committee consisting of one or more Directors (including, without limitation, the |
| Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating Committee). Any such delegation may be made subject to any conditions the Directors may impose and either collaterally with or to the exclusion of their own powers and any such delegation may be revoked or altered by the Directors. Subject to any such conditions, the proceedings of a committee of Directors shall be governed by the Articles regulating the proceedings of Directors, so far as they are capable of applying. |
| 35.2 | The Directors may establish any committees, local boards or agencies or appoint any person to be a manager or agent for managing the affairs of the Company and may appoint any person to be a member of such committees, local boards or agencies. Any such appointment may be made subject to any conditions the Directors may impose, and either collaterally with or to the exclusion of their own powers and any such appointment may be revoked or altered by the Directors. Subject to any such conditions, the proceedings of any such committee, local board or agency shall be governed by the Articles regulating the proceedings of Directors, so far as they are capable of applying. |
| 35.3 | The Directors may adopt formal written charters for committees. Each of these committees shall be empowered to do all things necessary to exercise the rights of such committee set forth in the Articles and shall have such powers as the Directors may delegate pursuant to the Articles and as required by the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law. Each of the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating Committee, if established, shall consist of such number of Directors as the Directors shall from time to time determine (or such minimum number as may be required from time to time by the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law). For so long as any class of Shares is listed on the Designated Stock Exchange, the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee and the Nominating Committee shall be made up of such number of Independent Directors as is required from time to time by the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law. |
| 35.4 | The Directors may by power of attorney or otherwise appoint any person to be the agent of the Company on such conditions as the Directors may determine, provided that the delegation is not to the exclusion of their own powers and may be revoked by the Directors at any time. |
| 35.5 | The Directors may by power of attorney or otherwise appoint any company, firm, person or body of persons, whether nominated directly or indirectly by the Directors, to be the attorney or authorised signatory of the Company for such purpose and with such powers, authorities and discretions (not exceeding those vested in or exercisable by the Directors under the Articles) and for such period and subject to such conditions as they may think fit, and any such powers of attorney or other appointment may contain such provisions for the protection and convenience of persons dealing with any such attorneys or authorised signatories as the Directors may think fit and may also authorise any such attorney or authorised signatory to delegate all or any of the powers, authorities and discretions vested in them. |
| 35.6 | The Directors may appoint such Officers as they consider necessary on such terms, at such remuneration and to perform such duties, and subject to such provisions as to disqualification and removal as the Directors may think fit. Unless otherwise specified in the terms of their appointment an Officer may be removed by resolution of the Directors or Members. An Officer may vacate their office at any time if they give notice in writing to the Company that they resign their office. |
36 |
No Minimum Shareholding |
37 |
Remuneration of Directors |
| 37.1 | The remuneration to be paid to the Directors, if any, shall be such remuneration as the Directors shall determine. The Directors shall also, whether prior to or after the consummation of a Business Combination, be entitled to be paid all travelling, hotel and other expenses properly incurred by them in connection with their attendance at meetings of Directors or committees of Directors, or general meetings of the Company, or separate meetings of the holders of any class of Shares or debentures of the Company, or otherwise in connection with the business of the Company or the discharge of their duties as a Director, or to receive a fixed allowance in respect thereof as may be determined by the Directors, or a combination partly of one such method and partly the other. |
| 37.2 | The Directors may by resolution approve additional remuneration to any Director for any services which in the opinion of the Directors go beyond that Director’s ordinary routine work as a Director. Any fees paid to a Director who is also counsel, attorney or solicitor to the Company, or otherwise serves it in a professional capacity shall be in addition to their remuneration as a Director. |
38 |
Seal |
| 38.1 | The Company may, if the Directors so determine, have a Seal. The Seal shall only be used by the authority of the Directors or of a committee of the Directors authorised by the Directors. Every instrument to which the Seal has been affixed shall be signed by at least one person who shall be either a Director or some Officer or other person appointed by the Directors for the purpose. |
| 38.2 | The Company may have for use in any place or places outside the Cayman Islands a duplicate Seal or Seals each of which shall be a facsimile of the common Seal of the Company and, if the Directors so determine, with the addition on its face of the name of every place where it is to be used. |
| 38.3 | A Director or Officer, representative or attorney of the Company may without further authority of the Directors affix the Seal over their signature alone to any document of the Company required to be authenticated by them under seal or to be filed with the Registrar of Companies in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere wheresoever. |
39 |
Dividends, Distributions and Reserve |
| 39.1 | Subject to the Statute and this Article and except as otherwise provided by the rights attached to any Shares, the Directors may resolve to pay Dividends and other distributions on Shares in issue and authorise payment of the Dividends or other distributions out of the funds of the Company lawfully available therefor. A Dividend shall be deemed to be an interim Dividend unless the terms of the resolution pursuant to which the Directors resolve to pay such Dividend specifically state that such Dividend shall be a final Dividend. No Dividend or other distribution shall be paid except out of the realised or unrealised profits of the Company, out of the share premium account or as otherwise permitted by law. |
| 39.2 | Except as otherwise provided by the rights attached to any Shares, all Dividends and other distributions shall be paid according to the par value of the Shares that a Member holds. If any Share is issued on terms providing that it shall rank for Dividend as from a particular date, that Share shall rank for Dividend accordingly. |
| 39.3 | The Directors may deduct from any Dividend or other distribution payable to any Member all sums of money (if any) then payable by the Member to the Company on account of calls or otherwise. |
| 39.4 | The Directors may resolve that any Dividend or other distribution be paid wholly or partly by the distribution of specific assets and in particular (but without limitation) by the distribution of shares, debentures, or securities of any other company or in any one or more of such ways and where any difficulty arises in regard to such distribution, the Directors may settle the same as they think expedient and in particular may issue fractional Shares and may fix the value for distribution of such specific assets |
| or any part thereof and may determine that cash payments shall be made to any Members upon the basis of the value so fixed in order to adjust the rights of all Members and may vest any such specific assets in trustees in such manner as may seem expedient to the Directors. |
| 39.5 | Except as otherwise provided by the rights attached to any Shares, Dividends and other distributions may be paid in any currency. The Directors may determine the basis of conversion for any currency conversions that may be required and how any costs involved are to be met. |
| 39.6 | The Directors may, before resolving to pay any Dividend or other distribution, set aside such sums as they think proper as a reserve or reserves which shall, at the discretion of the Directors, be applicable for any purpose of the Company and pending such application may, at the discretion of the Directors, be employed in the business of the Company. |
| 39.7 | Any Dividend, other distribution, interest or other monies payable in cash in respect of Shares may be paid by wire transfer to the holder or by cheque or warrant sent through the post directed to the registered address of the holder or, in the case of joint holders, to the registered address of the holder who is first named on the Register of Members or to such person and to such address as such holder or joint holders may in writing direct. Every such cheque or warrant shall be made payable to the order of the person to whom it is sent. Any one of two or more joint holders may give effectual receipts for any Dividends, other distributions, bonuses, or other monies payable in respect of the Share held by them as joint holders. |
| 39.8 | No Dividend or other distribution shall bear interest against the Company. |
| 39.9 | Any Dividend or other distribution which cannot be paid to a Member and/or which remains unclaimed after six months from the date on which such Dividend or other distribution becomes payable may, in the discretion of the Directors, be paid into a separate account in the Company’s name, provided that the Company shall not be constituted as a trustee in respect of that account and the Dividend or other distribution shall remain as a debt due to the Member. Any Dividend or other distribution which remains unclaimed after a period of six years from the date on which such Dividend or other distribution becomes payable shall be forfeited and shall revert to the Company. |
40 |
Capitalisation |
41 |
Books of Account |
| 41.1 | The Directors shall cause proper books of account (including, where applicable, material underlying documentation including contracts and invoices) to be kept with respect to all sums of money received and expended by the Company and the matters in respect of which the receipt or expenditure takes place, all sales and purchases of goods by the Company and the assets and liabilities of the Company. Such books of |
| account must be retained for a minimum period of five years from the date on which they are prepared. Proper books shall not be deemed to be kept if there are not kept such books of account as are necessary to give a true and fair view of the state of the Company’s affairs and to explain its transactions. |
| 41.2 | The Directors shall determine whether and to what extent and at what times and places and under what conditions or regulations the accounts and books of the Company or any of them shall be open to the inspection of Members not being Directors and no Member (not being a Director) shall have any right of inspecting any account or book or document of the Company except as conferred by Statute or authorised by the Directors or by the Company in general meeting. |
| 41.3 | The Directors may cause to be prepared and to be laid before the Company in general meeting profit and loss accounts, balance sheets, group accounts (if any) and such other reports and accounts as may be required by law. |
42 |
Audit |
| 42.1 | The Directors may appoint an Auditor of the Company who shall hold office on such terms as the Directors determine. |
| 42.2 | Without prejudice to the freedom of the Directors to establish any other committee, if the Shares (or depositary receipts therefor) are listed or quoted on the Designated Stock Exchange, and if required by the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law, the Directors shall establish and maintain an Audit Committee as a committee of the Directors and shall adopt a formal written Audit Committee charter and review and assess the adequacy of the formal written charter on an annual basis. The composition and responsibilities of the Audit Committee shall comply with the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law. |
| 42.3 | If the Shares (or depositary receipts therefor) are listed or quoted on the Designated Stock Exchange, the Company shall conduct an appropriate review of all related party transactions on an ongoing basis and shall utilise the Audit Committee for the review and approval of potential conflicts of interest. |
| 42.4 | The remuneration of the Auditor shall be fixed by the Audit Committee (if one exists). |
| 42.5 | If the office of Auditor becomes vacant by resignation or death of the Auditor, or by their becoming incapable of acting by reason of illness or other disability at a time when their services are required, the Directors shall fill the vacancy and determine the remuneration of such Auditor. |
| 42.6 | Every Auditor of the Company shall have a right of access at all times to the books and accounts and vouchers of the Company and shall be entitled to require from the Directors and Officers such information and explanation as may be necessary for the performance of the duties of the Auditor. |
| 42.7 | Auditors shall, if so required by the Directors, make a report on the accounts of the Company during their tenure of office at the next annual general meeting following their appointment in the case of a company which is registered with the Registrar of Companies as an ordinary company, and at the next extraordinary general meeting following their appointment in the case of a company which is registered with the Registrar of Companies as an exempted company, and at any other time during their term of office, upon request of the Directors or any general meeting of the Members. |
| 42.8 | Any payment made to members of the Audit Committee (if one exists) shall require the review and approval of the Directors, with any Director interested in such payment abstaining from such review and approval. |
| 42.9 | The Audit Committee shall monitor compliance with the terms of the IPO and, if any non-compliance is identified, the Audit Committee shall be charged with the responsibility to take all action necessary to rectify such non-compliance or otherwise cause compliance with the terms of the IPO. |
| 42.10 | At least one member of the Audit Committee shall be an “audit committee financial expert” as determined by the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any other competent regulatory authority or otherwise under Applicable Law. The “audit committee financial expert” shall have such past employment experience in finance or accounting, requisite professional certification in accounting, or any other comparable experience or background which results in the individual’s financial sophistication. |
43 |
Notices |
| 43.1 | Notices shall be in writing and may be given by the Company to any Member either personally or by sending it by courier, post, telex, fax or email to such Member or to such Member’s address as shown in the Register of Members (or where the notice is given by email by sending it to the email address provided by such Member). Notice may also be served by Electronic Communication in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Designated Stock Exchange, the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or any other competent regulatory authority or by placing it on the Company’s Website. |
| 43.2 | Where a notice is sent by: |
| (a) | courier; service of the notice shall be deemed to be effected by delivery of the notice to a courier company, and shall be deemed to have been received on the third day (not including Saturdays or Sundays or public holidays) following the day on which the notice was delivered to the courier; |
| (b) | post; service of the notice shall be deemed to be effected by properly addressing, pre paying and posting a letter containing the notice, and shall be deemed to have been received on the fifth day (not including Saturdays or Sundays or public holidays in the Cayman Islands) following the day on which the notice was posted; |
| (c) | telex or fax; service of the notice shall be deemed to be effected by properly addressing and sending such notice and shall be deemed to have been received on the same day that it was transmitted; |
| (d) | email or other Electronic Communication; service of the notice shall be deemed to be effected by transmitting the email to the email address provided by the intended recipient and shall be deemed to have been received on the same day that it was sent, and it shall not be necessary for the receipt of the email to be acknowledged by the recipient; and |
| (e) | placing it on the Company’s Website; service of the notice shall be deemed to have been effected one hour after the notice or document was placed on the Company’s Website. |
| 43.3 | A notice may be given by the Company to the person or persons which the Company has been advised are entitled to a Share or Shares in consequence of the death or bankruptcy of a Member in the same manner as other notices which are required to be given under the Articles and shall be addressed to them by name, or by the title of representatives of the deceased, or trustee of the bankrupt, or by any like description at the address supplied for that purpose by the persons claiming to be so entitled, or at the option of the Company by giving the notice in any manner in which the same might have been given if the death or bankruptcy had not occurred. |
| 43.4 | Notice of every general meeting shall be given in any manner authorised by the Articles to every holder of Shares carrying an entitlement to receive such notice on the record date for such meeting except that in the case of joint holders the notice shall be sufficient if given to the joint holder first named in the Register of Members and every person upon whom the ownership of a Share devolves because they are a legal personal representative or a trustee in bankruptcy of a Member where the Member but for their death or bankruptcy would be entitled to receive notice of the meeting, and no other person shall be entitled to receive notices of general meetings. |
44 |
Winding Up |
| 44.1 | If the Company shall be wound up, the liquidator shall apply the assets of the Company in satisfaction of creditors’ claims in such manner and order as such liquidator thinks fit. Subject to the rights attaching to any Shares, in a winding up: |
| (a) | if the assets available for distribution amongst the Members shall be insufficient to repay the whole of the Company’s issued share capital, such assets shall be distributed so that, as nearly as may be, the losses shall be borne by the Members in proportion to the par value of the Shares held by them; or |
| (b) | if the assets available for distribution amongst the Members shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the Company’s issued share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall be distributed amongst the Members in proportion to the par value of the Shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up subject to a deduction from those Shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to the Company for unpaid calls or otherwise. |
| 44.2 | If the Company shall be wound up the liquidator may, subject to the rights attaching to any Shares and with the approval of a Special Resolution of the Company and any other approval required by the Statute, divide amongst the Members in kind the whole or any part of the assets of the Company (whether such assets shall consist of property of the same kind or not) and may for that purpose value any assets and determine how the division shall be carried out as between the Members or different classes of Members. The liquidator may, with the like approval, vest the whole or any part of such assets in trustees upon such trusts for the benefit of the Members as the liquidator, with the like approval, shall think fit, but so that no Member shall be compelled to accept any asset upon which there is a liability. |
45 |
Indemnity and Insurance |
| 45.1 | Every Director and Officer (which for the avoidance of doubt, shall not include auditors of the Company), together with every former Director and former Officer (each an “ Indemnified Person |
| 45.2 | The Company shall advance to each Indemnified Person reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred in connection with the defence of any action, suit, proceeding or investigation involving such Indemnified Person for which indemnity will or could be sought. In connection with any advance of any expenses hereunder, the Indemnified Person shall execute an undertaking to repay the advanced amount to the Company if it shall be determined by final judgment or other final adjudication that such Indemnified Person was not entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Article. If it shall be determined by a final judgment or other final adjudication that such Indemnified Person was not entitled to indemnification with respect to such judgment, costs or expenses, then such party shall not be indemnified with respect to such judgment, costs or expenses and any advancement shall be returned to the Company (without interest) by the Indemnified Person. |
| 45.3 | The Directors, on behalf of the Company, may purchase and maintain insurance for the benefit of any Director or Officer against any liability which, by virtue of any rule of law, would otherwise attach to such person in respect of any negligence, default, breach of duty or breach of trust of which such person may be guilty in relation to the Company. |
46 |
Financial Year |
47 |
Transfer by Way of Continuation |
48 |
Mergers and Consolidations |
49 |
Business Combination |
| 49.1 | Notwithstanding any other provision of the Articles, this Article shall apply during the period commencing upon the adoption of the Articles and terminating upon the first to occur of the consummation of a Business Combination and the full distribution of the Trust Account pursuant to this Article. In the event of a conflict between this Article and any other Articles, the provisions of this Article shall prevail. |
| 49.2 | Prior to the consummation of a Business Combination, the Company shall either: |
| (a) | submit such Business Combination to its Members for approval; or |
| (b) | provide Members with the opportunity to have their Shares repurchased by means of a tender offer for a per-Share repurchase price payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of such Business Combination, including interest earned on the Trust Account (net of taxes paid or payable, if any), divided by the number of then issued Public Shares. Such obligation to repurchase Shares is subject to the completion of the proposed Business Combination to which it relates. |
| 49.3 | If the Company initiates any tender offer in accordance with Rule 13e-4 and Regulation 14E of the Exchange Act in connection with a proposed Business Combination, it shall file tender offer documents with the Securities and Exchange Commission prior to completing such Business Combination which contain substantially the same financial and other information about such Business Combination and the redemption rights as is required under Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act. If, alternatively, the Company holds a general meeting to approve a proposed Business Combination, the Company will conduct any redemptions in conjunction with a proxy solicitation pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act, and not pursuant to the tender offer rules, and file proxy materials with the Securities and Exchange Commission. |
| 49.4 | At a general meeting called for the purposes of approving a Business Combination pursuant to this Article, in the event that such Business Combination is approved by Ordinary Resolution, the Company shall be authorised to consummate such Business Combination. |
| 49.5 | Any Member holding Public Shares who is not the Sponsor, a Officer or Director may, prior to any vote on a Business Combination, elect to have their Public Shares redeemed for cash, in accordance with any applicable requirements provided for in the related proxy materials (the “ IPO Redemption |
| 15% of the Public Shares issued in the IPO in the aggregate without the prior consent of the Company and provided further that any beneficial holder of Public Shares on whose behalf a redemption right is being exercised must identify itself to the Company in connection with any redemption election in order to validly redeem such Public Shares. If so demanded, the Company shall pay any such redeeming Member, regardless of whether they are voting for or against or abstained from voting on such proposed Business Combination, a per-Share redemption price payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, including interest earned on the Trust Account (net of taxes paid or payable, if any), divided by the number of then issued Public Shares (such redemption price being referred to herein as the “Redemption Price |
| 49.6 | A Member may not withdraw a Redemption Notice once submitted to the Company unless the Directors determine (in their sole discretion) to permit the withdrawal of such redemption request (which they may do in whole or in part). |
| 49.7 | In the event that the Company does not consummate a Business Combination within 24 months from the consummation of the IPO, or such earlier date as the Directors may approve, or such later date as the Members may approve in accordance with the Articles, the Company shall as promptly as reasonably possible but not more than ten business days thereafter, redeem the Public Shares, at a per-Share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account (net of taxes paid or payable, if any and up to US$100,000 of interest to pay liquidation expenses), divided by the number of then issued Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish public Members’ rights as Members (including the right to receive further liquidation distributions, if any), subject to its obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and other requirements of Applicable Law. |
| 49.8 | In the event that any amendment is made to the Articles: |
| (a) | to modify the substance or timing of the Company’s obligation to allow redemption in connection with a Business Combination or redeem 100% of the Public Shares if the Company does not consummate a Business Combination within 24 months from the consummation of the IPO, or such earlier date as the Directors may approve, or such later date as the Members may approve in accordance with the Articles; or |
| (b) | with respect to any other material provision relating to rights or pre-Business Combination activity of holders of the Class A Shares, |
| 49.9 | A holder of Public Shares shall be entitled to receive distributions from the Trust Account only in the event of an IPO Redemption, a repurchase of Shares by means of a tender offer pursuant to this Article, or a distribution of the Trust Account pursuant to this Article. In no other circumstance shall a holder of Public Shares have any right or interest of any kind in the Trust Account. |
| 49.10 | Except in connection with the conversion of Class B Shares into Class A Shares pursuant to Article 17.2 where the holders of such Shares have waived any right to receive funds from the Trust Account, after the issue of Public Shares, and prior to the consummation of a Business Combination, the Company shall not issue additional Shares or any other securities that would entitle the holders thereof to: |
| (a) | receive funds from the Trust Account; or |
| (b) | vote as a class with Public Shares on a Business Combination. |
| 49.11 | A Director may vote in respect of a Business Combination in which such Director has a conflict of interest with respect to the evaluation of such Business Combination. Such Director must disclose such interest or conflict to the other Directors. |
| 49.12 | As long as the securities of the Company are listed on the NYSE, the Company must complete one or more Business Combinations having an aggregate fair market value of at least 80% of the assets held in the Trust Account (excluding the deferred underwriting commissions held in trust) at the time of the Company’s signing a definitive agreement in connection with a Business Combination. A Business Combination must not be solely effectuated with another blank cheque company or a similar company with nominal operations. |
| 49.13 | The Company may enter into a Business Combination with a target business that is Affiliated with the Sponsor, a Director or an Officer. In the event the Company seeks to consummate a Business Combination with a target that is Affiliated with the Sponsor, a Director or an Officer, the Company, or a committee of Independent Directors, will obtain an opinion from an independent investment banking firm or another independent entity that commonly renders valuation opinions that such a Business Combination is fair to the Members from a financial point of view. |
50 |
Certain Tax Filings |
51 |
Business Opportunities |
| 51.1 | To the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, no individual serving as a Director or an Officer (“ Management |
| 51.2 | Except as provided elsewhere in this Article, the Company hereby renounces any interest or expectancy of the Company in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any potential transaction or matter which may be a corporate opportunity for both the Company and Management, about which a Director and/or Officer who is also a member of Management acquires knowledge. |
| 51.3 | To the extent a court might hold that the conduct of any activity related to a corporate opportunity that is renounced in this Article to be a breach of duty to the Company or its Members, the Company hereby waives, to the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, any and all claims and causes of action that the Company may have for such activities. To the fullest extent permitted by Applicable Law, the provisions of this Article apply equally to activities conducted in the future and that have been conducted in the past. |
52 |
Exclusive Jurisdiction and Forum |
| 52.1 | Unless the Company consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the courts of the Cayman Islands shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any claim or dispute arising out of or in connection with the Memorandum, the Articles or otherwise related in any way to each Member’s shareholding in the Company, including but not limited to: |
| (a) | any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company; |
| (b) | any action asserting a claim of breach of any fiduciary or other duty owed by any current or former Director, Officer, shareholder or other employee of the Company to the Company or the Members; |
| (c) | any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the Statute, the Memorandum or the Articles; or |
| (d) | any action asserting a claim against the Company governed by the “Internal Affairs Doctrine” (as such concept is recognised under the laws of the United States of America). |
| 52.2 | Each Member irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the Cayman Islands over all such claims or disputes. |
| 52.3 | Without prejudice to any other rights or remedies that the Company may have, each Member acknowledges that damages alone would not be an adequate remedy for any breach of the selection of the courts of the Cayman Islands as exclusive forum and that accordingly the Company shall be entitled, without proof of special damages, to the remedies of injunction, specific performance or other equitable relief for any threatened or actual breach of the selection of the courts of the Cayman Islands as exclusive forum. |
| 52.4 | This Article 52 shall not apply to any action or suits brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or any claim for which the federal district courts of the United States of America are, as a matter of the laws of the United States, the sole and exclusive forum for determination of such a claim. |
| By: | /s/ [insert name] | |
| [ insert name | ||
| Incorporator | ||
Page |
||||||
ARTICLE I - CORPORATE OFFICES |
E-1 | |||||
1.1 |
REGISTERED OFFICE | E-1 | ||||
1.2 |
OTHER OFFICES | E-1 | ||||
ARTICLE II - MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS |
E-1 | |||||
2.1 |
PLACE OF MEETINGS | E-1 | ||||
2.2 |
ANNUAL MEETING | E-1 | ||||
2.3 |
SPECIAL MEETING | E-1 | ||||
2.4 |
ADVANCE NOTICE PROCEDURES | E-2 | ||||
2.5 |
NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS’ MEETINGS | E-8 | ||||
2.6 |
QUORUM | E-8 | ||||
2.7 |
ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE | E-8 | ||||
2.8 |
CONDUCT OF BUSINESS | E-9 | ||||
2.9 |
VOTING | E-9 | ||||
2.10 |
STOCKHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING | E-9 | ||||
2.11 |
RECORD DATES | E-9 | ||||
2.12 |
PROXIES | E-10 | ||||
2.13 |
LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE | E-10 | ||||
2.14 |
INSPECTORS OF ELECTION | E-11 | ||||
ARTICLE III - DIRECTORS |
E-11 | |||||
3.1 |
POWERS | E-11 | ||||
3.2 |
NUMBER OF DIRECTORS | E-11 | ||||
3.3 |
ELECTION, QUALIFICATION AND TERM OF OFFICE OF DIRECTORS | E-11 | ||||
3.4 |
RESIGNATION AND VACANCIES | E-12 | ||||
3.5 |
PLACE OF MEETINGS; MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE | E-12 | ||||
3.6 |
REGULAR MEETINGS | E-12 | ||||
3.7 |
SPECIAL MEETINGS; NOTICE | E-12 | ||||
3.8 |
QUORUM; VOTING | E-13 | ||||
3.9 |
BOARD ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING | E-13 | ||||
3.10 |
FEES AND COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS | E-13 | ||||
3.11 |
REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS | E-13 | ||||
ARTICLE IV - COMMITTEES |
E-14 | |||||
4.1 |
COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS | E-14 | ||||
4.2 |
COMMITTEE MINUTES | E-14 | ||||
4.3 |
MEETINGS AND ACTION OF COMMITTEES | E-14 | ||||
4.4 |
SUBCOMMITTEES | E-15 | ||||
ARTICLE V - OFFICERS |
E-15 | |||||
5.1 |
OFFICERS | E-15 | ||||
5.2 |
APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS | E-15 | ||||
5.3 |
SUBORDINATE OFFICERS | E-15 | ||||
5.4 |
REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS | E-15 | ||||
5.5 |
VACANCIES IN OFFICES | E-15 | ||||
5.6 |
REPRESENTATION OF SECURITIES OF OTHER ENTITIES | E-16 | ||||
5.7 |
AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS | E-16 | ||||
Page |
||||||
ARTICLE VI - STOCK |
E-16 | |||||
6.1 |
STOCK CERTIFICATES; PARTLY PAID SHARES | E-16 | ||||
6.2 |
SPECIAL DESIGNATION ON CERTIFICATES | E-16 | ||||
6.3 |
LOST CERTIFICATES | E-17 | ||||
6.4 |
DIVIDENDS | E-17 | ||||
6.5 |
TRANSFER OF STOCK | E-17 | ||||
6.6 |
STOCK TRANSFER AGREEMENTS | E-17 | ||||
6.7 |
REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS | E-17 | ||||
6.8 |
LOCKUP | E-18 | ||||
ARTICLE VII - MANNER OF GIVING NOTICE AND WAIVER |
E-20 | |||||
7.1 |
NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS’ MEETINGS | E-20 | ||||
7.2 |
NOTICE TO STOCKHOLDERS SHARING AN ADDRESS | E-20 | ||||
7.3 |
NOTICE TO PERSON WITH WHOM COMMUNICATION IS UNLAWFUL | E-20 | ||||
7.4 |
WAIVER OF NOTICE | E-21 | ||||
ARTICLE VIII - INDEMNIFICATION |
E-21 | |||||
8.1 |
INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS IN THIRD PARTY PROCEEDINGS | E-21 | ||||
8.2 |
INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS IN ACTIONS BY OR IN THE RIGHT OF THE COMPANY | E-21 | ||||
8.3 |
SUCCESSFUL DEFENSE | E-22 | ||||
8.4 |
INDEMNIFICATION OF OTHERS | E-22 | ||||
8.5 |
ADVANCED PAYMENT OF EXPENSES | E-22 | ||||
8.6 |
LIMITATION ON INDEMNIFICATION | E-22 | ||||
8.7 |
DETERMINATION; CLAIM | E-23 | ||||
8.8 |
NON-EXCLUSIVITY OF RIGHTS |
E-23 | ||||
8.9 |
INSURANCE | E-23 | ||||
8.10 |
SURVIVAL | E-24 | ||||
8.11 |
EFFECT OF REPEAL OR MODIFICATION | E-24 | ||||
8.12 |
CERTAIN DEFINITIONS | E-24 | ||||
ARTICLE IX - GENERAL MATTERS |
E-24 | |||||
9.1 |
EXECUTION OF CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS | E-24 | ||||
9.2 |
FISCAL YEAR | E-24 | ||||
9.3 |
SEAL | E-25 | ||||
9.4 |
CONSTRUCTION; DEFINITIONS | E-25 | ||||
9.5 |
FORUM SELECTION | E-25 | ||||
ARTICLE X - AMENDMENTS |
E-26 | |||||
COMPANY: | ||
KODIAK AI, INC. | ||
| By: | ||
Name: Donald Burnette Title: Chief Executive Officer | ||
KODIAK HOLDERS: | ||
| [●] | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: [●]Title: [●] | ||
| [●] | ||
| By: [●] | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: [●] | ||
| Title: [●] | ||
| [●] | ||
| By: [●] | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: [●] | ||
| Title: [●] | ||
| [●] | ||
| By: [●] | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: [●] | ||
| Title: [●] | ||
SPONSOR HOLDER: | ||
ARES ACQUISITION HOLDINGS II LP | ||
| Acting by its General Partner | ||
| Ares Acquisition Holdings II | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| • | to attract and retain the best available personnel for positions of substantial responsibility, |
| • | to provide additional incentive to Employees, Directors and Consultants, and |
| • | to promote the success of the Company’s business. |
| _____ Original Application | Offering Date: _________________ | |||
| _____ Change in Payroll Deduction Rate | ||||
| Employee’s Social | ||
| Security Number | ||
| (for U.S.-based employees): |
||
| Employee’s Address: | ||
| Dated: | ||||||||
| Signature of Employee |
| Name and Address of Participant: | ||
| Signature: | ||
| Date: | ||
PURCHASER: | ||
ARES ACQUISITION CORPORATION II | ||
| By: | /s/ Anton Feingold | |
| Name: | Anton Feingold | |
| Title: | Authorized Signatory | |
COMPANY: | ||
KODIAK ROBOTICS INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Donald Burnette | |
| Name: | Donald Burnette | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
PURCHASER SUPPORT PARTY: | ||
ARES ACQUISITION HOLDINGS II LP | ||
| By: | /s/ Anton Feingold | |
| Name: | Anton Feingold | |
| Title: | Authorized Signatory | |
Insider; Address |
Founder Shares |
Private Placement Warrants |
||||||
Ares Acquisition Holdings II LP c/o Ares Management LLC 245 Park Avenue, 42nd Floor New York, New York 10167 |
[***] | [***] | ||||||
Total: |
[***] | [***] | ||||||
1 |
Note to Draft |
2 |
Note to Draft |
ARES ACQUISITION CORPORATION II | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
KODIAK ROBOTICS, INC. | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
[STOCKHOLDER] | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
Email Address: | ||
Physical Address: | ||
Stockholder Name |
Physical Address for Notice |
Email Address for Notice |
Class/Series of Company Stock |
Number of Shares | ||||
[●] |
[●] | [●] |
| Email: | [***] |
[***] |
[***] |
| Email: | [***] |
[***] |
| Email: | [***] |
| Email: | [***] |
[***] |
| Name of Investor: | State/Country of Formation or Domicile: | |
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Title: | ||
| Name in which Shares are to be registered (if different): | Date: | |
| Investor’s EIN: | ||
| Business Address-Street: | Mailing Address-Street (if different): | |
| City, State, Zip: | City, State, Zip: | |
| Attn: | Attn: | |
| Telephone No.: | Telephone No.: | |
Facsimile No.: Email: |
Facsimile No.: | |
| Currently Owned Shares: | ||
| Aggregate Subscription Amount: $ | ||
| ARES ACQUISITION CORPORATION II | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: Allyson Satin | ||
| Title: Authorized Person | ||
| A. | QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER STATUS |
| B. | INSTITUTIONAL ACCREDITED INVESTOR STATUS |
| 1. | ☐ We are an “accredited investor” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act or an entity in which all of the equity holders are accredited investors within the meaning of Rule 501(a) (1), (2), (3) or (7) under the Securities Act), and have marked and initialed the appropriate box on the following page indicating the provision under which we qualify as an “accredited investor.” |
| 2. | ☐ We are not a natural person. |
| C. | QUALIFIED PURCHASER STATUS |
| 1. | ☐ A corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other organization that: (i)was not organized or reorganized and is not operated for the specific purpose of acquiring the interest or any |
| other interest in SPAC, and less than 40% of the assets of which will consist of interests in SPAC (calculated as of the time of the Investor’s execution of this Subscription Agreement); (ii)owns not less than U.S.$5,000,000 in investments; and (iii)is owned directly or indirectly solely by or for two or more natural persons who are related as siblings or spouses (including former spouses), or direct lineal descendants by birth or adoption, spouses of such persons, the estates of such persons, or foundations, charitable organizations, or trusts established by or for the benefit of such persons. |
| 2. | ☐ A trust: (i) that is not described in paragraph (3) of this Section C; (ii) that was not organized or reorganized and is not operated for the specific purpose of acquiring the interest or any other interest in SPAC, and less than 40% of the assets of which will consist of interests in SPAC (calculated as of the time of the Investor’s execution of this Subscription Agreement); and (iii) with respect to which each of the settlors and other contributors of assets, trustees, and other authorized decision makers is a person described in paragraph (1), (2), (3) or (4) of this Section C. |
| 3. | ☐ An entity that: (i) was not organized or reorganized and is not operated for the specific purpose of acquiring the interest or any other interest in SPAC, and less than 40% of the assets of which will consist of interests in SPAC (calculated as of the time of the Investor’s execution of this Subscription Agreement); and (ii) has discretionary investment authority with regard to at least U.S. $25,000,000 of investments, whether for its own account or for the account of other persons that are themselves accurately described by one or more other paragraphs of this Section C. |
Percentage |
Aggregate Subscription Amount | |
100% |
Less than $50,000,000 | |
90% |
$50,000,000 or greater |

Lincoln International LLC 110 North Wacker 51 st FloorChicago, Illinois 60606 |
www.lincolninternational.com |

| 1) | Reviewed the following documents: |
| a. | Audited financial statements for Kodiak as of and for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 (the “Audited Historical Financials”); |
| b. | Unaudited internal financial statements for Kodiak as of and for the nine-months ended September 30, 2024, in each case, provided to us by Kodiak (together with the Audited Historical Financials, the “Historical Financials”); |
| c. | The pro forma equity ownership table of the Purchaser and an estimated Transactions sources and uses schedule provided to us on behalf of the Purchaser (the “Transaction Model”); |
| d. | The Kodiak unit economics model and accompanying financial supplement dated March 2025; |
| e. | A draft of the Agreement, dated as of April 12, 2025; |
| f. | Kodiak Investor Presentation dated April 2025; and |
| g. | Other documents relating to the history, past and current operations, financial condition, and probable future outlook of Kodiak provided to us by the management of each of Kodiak and the Purchaser; |

| 2) | Discussed the business, financial outlook and prospects of Kodiak and its addressable market, as well as the terms and circumstances surrounding the Transactions, with management of Kodiak and the Purchaser; |
| 3) | Reviewed certain financial and other information for Kodiak, and compared that data and information with certain financial and corresponding data and information for companies with publicly traded securities that we deemed relevant, none of which is directly comparable to Kodiak; |
| 4) | Reviewed certain financial and other information for Kodiak and the Transactions, and compared that data and information with certain financial and corresponding data and information for companies that have been subject to change of control M&A transactions and capital raise transactions that we deemed relevant, none of which is directly comparable to Kodiak and the Transactions; and |
| 5) | Considered such other information and financial, economic and market criteria and analyses that we deemed relevant. |
| 1) | Relied upon and assumed the accuracy and completeness of all of the financial, accounting, legal, tax and other information we reviewed, and we have not assumed any responsibility for the independent verification of, nor independently verified, any of such information; |
| 2) | Relied upon the assurances of the management of the Purchaser that to the Purchaser’s knowledge, when delivered to Lincoln, the information provided to Lincoln is complete and correct in all material respects and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make such statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which such statement is made; |
| 3) | Assumed that the Historical Financials and the Transaction Model provided to Lincoln were reasonably prepared in good faith on a basis reflecting the best currently reasonably available estimates and judgments of the management of the Purchaser and, to the Purchaser’s knowledge, Kodiak, as applicable, as to the financial condition, operating performance and financial results of Kodiak and the current and future assets, liabilities and financial condition of the Purchaser, pro forma for the Merger and as of the effective date thereof, as applicable, and that the assumptions supporting the Transaction Model are, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, the best currently reasonably available. Lincoln assumes no responsibility for and expresses no opinion on the assumptions, estimates and judgments on which the Transaction Model is based. |
| 4) | Assumed that the Transactions will be consummated in a timely manner that complies in all respects with all applicable federal and state statutes, rules and regulations; |
| 5) | Assumed that in the course of obtaining any necessary regulatory and third-party consents, approvals and agreements for the Transactions, no modification, delay, limitation, restriction, or condition will be imposed that will have an adverse effect on the Purchaser, Kodiak or the Transactions; |
| 6) | Assumed that the Transactions will be consummated in accordance with the terms outlined by the Purchaser, in the Agreement and in other documents made available to Lincoln, without waiver, modification or amendment of any term, condition or agreement therein that is material to Lincoln’s analysis; |

| 7) | Assumed that there has been no material change in the assets, liabilities, business, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, or prospects of Kodiak or the Purchaser since the date the most recent information was made available to Lincoln; |
| 8) | Assumed that the final terms of the Transactions will not vary materially from those set forth in the copies or drafts, as applicable, reviewed by Lincoln; and |
| 9) | Assumed that the final versions of all documents (including the Agreement) reviewed by Lincoln conform in all material respects to the drafts reviewed by Lincoln. |


| + | Previously filed. |
| * | To be filed by amendment. |
| ** | Certain schedules and similar attachments to this Exhibit have been omitted in accordance with Item 601(a)(5) or (b)(2), as applicable of Regulation S-K. The registrants agree to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted exhibit or schedule to the SEC upon its request. |
| # | Certain confidential information contained in this exhibit has been omitted because it is both (i) not material; and (ii) the type that the registrants treat as private or confidential. |
| (a) |
| (1) | To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: |
| (i) | To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act; |
| (ii) | To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment of such registration agreement) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “ Calculation of Registration Fee |
| (iii) | To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement. |
| (2) | That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered under such post-effective amendment, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide |
| (3) | To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. |
| (4) | That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser, if the registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness; provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use. |
| (5) | That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: |
| (i) | Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; |
| (ii) | Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; |
| (iii) | The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and |
| (iv) | Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. |
| (6) | That prior to any public reoffering of the securities registered through use of a prospectus which is a part of this registration statement, by any person or party who is deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Rule 145(c), the issuer undertakes that such reoffering prospectus will contain the information called for by the applicable registration form with respect to reofferings by persons who may be deemed underwriters, in addition to the information called for by the other items of the applicable form. |
| (7) | That every prospectus: (i) that is filed pursuant to the immediately preceding paragraph, or (ii) that purports to meet the requirements of Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act and is used in connection with an offering of securities subject to Rule 415, will be filed as a part of an amendment to the registration statement and will not be used until such amendment is effective, and that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered under such post-effective amendment, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering of such post-effective amendment. |
| (8) | Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the undersigned pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the undersigned has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the undersigned of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the undersigned in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the undersigned will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. |
| (b) | The undersigned registrant undertakes to respond to requests for information that is incorporated by reference into the proxy statement/prospectus pursuant to Items 4, 10(b), 11, or 13 of this form, within one business day of receipt of such request, and to send the incorporated documents by first class mail or other equally prompt means. This includes information contained in documents filed subsequent to the effective date of the registration statement through the date of responding to the request. |
| (c) | The undersigned registrant undertakes to supply by means of a post-effective amendment all information concerning a transaction, and the company being acquired involved in connection with such post-effective amendment, that was not the subject of and included in the registration statement when it became effective. |
ARES ACQUISITION CORPORATION II | ||
| By: | /s/ David B. Kaplan | |
| Name: | David B. Kaplan | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman | |
Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
/s/ David B. Kaplan David B. Kaplan |
Chief Executive Officer and Co-Chairman (Principal Executive Officer) |
July 25, 2025 | ||
/s/ Jarrod Phillips Jarrod Phillips |
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |
July 25, 2025 | ||
* Michael J Arougheti |
Co-Chairman |
July 25, 2025 | ||
* Brad Coleman |
Director |
July 25, 2025 | ||
* David G. Hirz |
Director |
July 25, 2025 | ||
* Felicia Thornton |
Director |
July 25, 2025 | ||
| *By: | /s/ David B. Kaplan | |
| David B. Kaplan | ||
| Attorney-in-Fact | ||
KODIAK ROBOTICS, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Don Burnette | |
| Name: | Don Burnette | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
Signature |
Title |
Date | ||
/s/ Don Burnette Don Burnette |
Founder, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) |
July 25, 2025 | ||
/s/ Eric Chow Eric Chow |
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |
July 25, 2025 | ||
* Scott Tobin |
Director |
July 25, 2025 | ||
* James Reed |
Director |
July 25, 2025 | ||
* Mohamed Elshenawy |
Director |
July 25, 2025 | ||
* Kristin Sverchek |
Director |
July 25, 2025 | ||
* Kenneth Goldman |
Director |
July 25, 2025 | ||
| *By: | /s/ Don Burnette | |
| Name: Don Burnette | ||
| Title: Attorney-in-fact | ||
Exhibit 5.1
|
||||
| 2049 Century Park East Los Angeles, CA 90067 United States |
||||
| +1 310 552 4200 | Facsimile: +1 310 552 5900 | |||
| www.kirkland.com | ||||
| July [ ], 2025 | ||||
Ares Acquisition Corporation II
245 Park Avenue, 44th Floor
New York, New York 10167
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as special legal counsel to Ares Acquisition Corporation II, a Cayman Islands exempted company (“AACT”), in connection with the Registration Statement on Form S-4, initially filed by AACT and Kodiak Robotics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Legacy Kodiak”) with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on May 14, 2025 (File No. 333-287278), pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”) (such Registration Statement, as amended or supplemented through the date hereof, and together with the proxy statement/prospectus filed therewith, is hereafter referred to as the “Registration Statement”), relating to to the transactions contemplated by that certain Business Combination Agreement, dated April 14, 2025 (as it may be amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among AACT, Legacy Kodiak and AACT II Merger Sub, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Merger Sub”). Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, AACT will change its jurisdiction of incorporation to Delaware (the “Domestication”) by effecting a deregistration under Section 206 of the Companies Law (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands and domesticate as a Delaware corporation in accordance with Section 388 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”) by filing a certificate of corporate domestication simultaneously with a certificate of incorporation, in each case in respect of AACT with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Delaware Secretary of State”). The Domestication is subject to the approval of AACT’s shareholders. In connection with the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement (collectively, the “Transactions”), AACT will be renamed “Kodiak AI, Inc.” and is referred to herein, following the effectiveness of the Domestication, as “Kodiak.”
At least one day following the Domestication, Merger Sub will merge with and into Legacy Kodiak (the “Merger”), with Legacy Kodiak being the surviving corporation and continuing as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Kodiak. In connection with the Domestication: (i) each of the then issued and outstanding Class A ordinary shares of AACT, par value $0.0001 per share (“AACT Class A Ordinary Shares”) will convert, on a one-for-one basis, into one share of Kodiak common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (each, a share of “Kodiak Common Stock”); (ii) each of the then issued and outstanding warrants representing the right to purchase one AACT Class A Ordinary Share (the “AACT Warrants”), issued pursuant to that certain Warrant Agreement by and between AACT and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, dated April 20, 2023 (the
Austin Bay Area Beijing Boston Brussels Chicago Dallas Frankfurt Hong Kong Houston London Miami Munich New York Paris Philadelphia Riyadh Salt Lake City Shanghai Washington, D.C.
Ares Acquisition Corporation II
July [ ], 2025
Page 2
Warrant Agreement”), will convert automatically into a warrant to acquire one share of Kodiak Common Stock on the same terms as the AACT Warrants (each a “Kodiak Warrant”); and (iii) each of the then issued and outstanding units of AACT (each an “AACT Unit”) will be canceled and each holder of such AACT Unit will be entitled to one share of Kodiak Common Stock and one-half of one Kodiak Warrant. Following the Domestication and in connection with the consummation of the Transactions, Kodiak will also issue shares of Kodiak Common Stock to holders of securities of Legacy Kodiak (the “Legacy Kodiak Securityholders”) in accordance with the terms and subject to the conditions of the Business Combination Agreement.
This opinion is being rendered in connection with the registration under the above-referenced Registration Statement of: (i) 61,859,712 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the AACT Class A Ordinary Shares and the cancellation of the AACT Units; (ii) 223,413,762 shares of Kodiak Common Stock issuable to Legacy Kodiak Securityholders (the “Consideration Shares”); (iii) 39,300,000 Kodiak Warrants issuable upon conversion of the AACT Warrants and the cancellation of the AACT Units; and (iv) 39,300,000 shares of Kodiak Common Stock to be issued upon the exercise of the Kodiak Warrants (the “Warrant Shares”).
In connection with the preparation of this opinion, we have, among other things, reviewed:
| 1. | a copy of the Business Combination Agreement, filed as Annex A to the Registration Statement; |
| 2. | the Registration Statement; |
| 3. | the Plan of Domestication, filed as Annex B to the Registration Statement; |
| 4. | the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of AACT, filed as Annex C to the Registration Statement; |
| 5. | the form of proposed certificate of incorporation of Kodiak, to be filed with the Delaware Secretary of State (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), in the form filed as Annex D to the Registration Statement; |
| 6. | the form of proposed bylaws of Kodiak, to be adopted by Kodiak in connection with the Domestication (the “Bylaws”), in the form filed as Annex E to the Registration Statement; |
| 7. | the form of proposed certificate of corporate domestication of AACT, to be filed with the Delaware Secretary of State (the “Certificate of Domestication”), filed as Exhibit 3.5 to the Registration Statement; |
Ares Acquisition Corporation II
July [ ], 2025
Page 3
| 8. | a copy of the Specimen Unit Certificate of AACT, filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the registration statement on Form S-1/A filed by AACT on April 7, 2023; |
| 9. | a copy of the Specimen Class A Ordinary Share Certificate of AACT, filed as Exhibit 4.2 to the Form S-1/A filed by AACT on April 7, 2023; |
| 10. | a copy of the Specimen Warrant Certificate of AACT, filed as Exhibit 4.3 to the Form S-1/A filed by AACT on April 7, 2023; |
| 11. | a copy of the Warrant Agreement, filed as Exhibit 4.4 to the Form S-1 filed by AACT on March 29, 2023; |
| 12. | a copy of the Specimen Common Stock Certificate of Kodiak, filed as Exhibit 4.5 to the Registration Statement; and |
| 13. | such other documents, records and other instruments as we have deemed necessary or appropriate in order to deliver the opinions set forth herein. |
For purposes of this opinion, we have assumed the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies and the authenticity of the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies. We have also assumed the legal capacity of all natural persons, the genuineness of the signatures of persons signing all documents in connection with which this opinion is rendered, the authority of such persons signing on behalf of the parties thereto and the due authorization, execution and delivery of all documents by the parties thereto other than AACT. We have not independently established or verified any facts relevant to the opinions expressed herein, but have relied upon statements and representations of officers and other representatives of AACT and others as to factual matters.
Subject to the assumptions, qualifications, exclusions and other limitations which are identified in this opinion, we advise you that:
Ares Acquisition Corporation II
July [ ], 2025
Page 4
| 1. | Upon (i) the effectiveness of the Domestication and (ii) the filing of the Certificate of Incorporation with the Delaware Secretary of State, the issued and outstanding AACT Class A Ordinary Shares (including those currently held in the form of AACT Units) will automatically convert by operation of law, on a one-for-one basis into duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable shares of Kodiak Common Stock. |
| 2. | Upon (i) the effectiveness of the Domestication, (ii) the filing of the Certificate of Incorporation with the Delaware Secretary of State and (iii) the valid exercise by the holders of Kodiak Warrants pursuant to the Warrant Agreement, the Warrant Shares will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. |
| 3. | Upon (i) the effectiveness of the Domestication and (ii) the filing of the Certificate of Incorporation with the Delaware Secretary of State, each issued and outstanding Kodiak Warrant will be a valid and binding obligation of Kodiak, enforceable against Kodiak in accordance with its terms under the laws of the State of New York. |
| 4. | Upon (i) the effectiveness of the Domestication, (ii) the effectiveness of the Merger, and (iii) the filing of the Certificate of Incorporation with the Delaware Secretary of State, the Consideration Shares, when issued, will be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. |
In addition, in rendering the foregoing opinions we have assumed that:
| (a) | Prior to effecting the Domestication and prior to the issuance of securities by Kodiak: (i) the shareholders of AACT will have approved, among other things, the Domestication; and (ii) all other necessary action will have been taken under the applicable laws of the Cayman Islands to authorize and permit the Domestication, and any and all consents, approvals and authorizations from applicable Cayman Islands governmental and regulatory authorities required to authorize and permit the Domestication will have been obtained; and |
| (b) | The current draft of the Certificate of Incorporation, in the form thereof submitted for our review, without alteration or amendment (other than identifying the appropriate date), will be duly authorized and executed and thereafter be duly filed with the Delaware Secretary of State in accordance with Section 103 of the DGCL; that no other certificate or document, other than the Certificate of Domestication as required under Section 388 of the DGCL, has been, or prior to the filing of the Certificate of Incorporation will be, filed by or in respect of AACT with the Delaware Secretary of State; and that AACT will pay all fees and other charges required to be paid in connection with the filing of the Certificate of Incorporation. |
Ares Acquisition Corporation II
July [ ], 2025
Page 5
In rendering this opinion, we have relied upon the opinion of Maples and Calder, dated April 7, 2023, filed as Exhibit 5.2 to the registration statement on Form S-1/A filed by AACT on April 7, 2023.
Our opinions expressed above are subject to the qualifications that we express no opinion as to the applicability of, compliance with, or effect of (i) any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, fraudulent transfer, fraudulent conveyance, moratorium or other similar law or judicially developed doctrine in this area (such as substantive consolidation or equitable subordination) affecting the enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforcement is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law), (iii) an implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, (iv) public policy considerations which may limit the rights of parties to obtain certain remedies, (v) any requirement that a claim with respect to any security denominated in other than U.S. dollars (or a judgment denominated in other than U.S. dollars in respect of such claim) be converted into U.S. dollars at a rate of exchange prevailing on a date determined in accordance with applicable law, (vi) governmental authority to limit, delay or prohibit the making of payments outside of the United States or in a foreign currency or currency unit and (vii) any laws except the laws of the State of New York and the DGCL. We advise you that issues addressed by this letter may be governed in whole or in part by other laws, but we express no opinion as to whether any relevant difference exists between the laws upon which our opinions are based and any other laws which may actually govern. We do not find it necessary for the purposes of this opinion, and accordingly we do not purport to cover herein, the application of the securities or “Blue Sky” laws of the various states to the issuance of the securities covered by this opinion.
This opinion is limited to the specific issues addressed herein, and no opinion may be inferred or implied beyond that expressly stated herein. We assume no obligation to revise or supplement this opinion should the present laws of the State of New York or the DGCL be changed by legislative action, judicial decision or otherwise.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Commission as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to our firm under the heading “Legal Matters” in the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission.
| Very truly yours, |
Exhibit 8.1
|
|
||||
| 2049 Century Park East Los Angeles, CA 90067 United States |
||||
| +1 310 552 4200 | Facsimile: +1 310 552 5900 | |||
| www.kirkland.com | ||||
| July [ ], 2025 | ||||
Ares Acquisition Corporation II
245 Park Avenue, 44th Floor
New York, New York 10167
Re: Ares Acquisition Corporation II Registration Statement on Form S-4
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We are U.S. tax counsel to Ares Acquisition Corporation II, a Cayman Islands exempted company (“AACT”), in connection with the preparation and filing of a registration statement on Form S-4, originally filed by AACT and Kodiak Robotics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Kodiak”) with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 14, 2025 (File No. 333-287278) pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”) (such Registration Statement, as amended or supplemented through the date hereof, and together with the proxy statement/prospectus filed therewith, is hereafter referred to as, the “Registration Statement”), relating to the transactions contemplated by that certain Business Combination Agreement, dated as of April 14, 2025 (as may be further amended and/or restated from time to time, the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among AACT, AACT Merger Sub, Inc. (“Merger Sub”), a Delaware corporation and direct wholly-owned subsidiary of AACT, and Kodiak (such transactions, the “Business Combination”). Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings attributed to such terms in the Registration Statement.
You have requested an opinion described in Item 601(b)(8) and Item 1605(b)(6) of Regulation S-K. In providing this opinion, we have assumed (with your permission and without any independent investigation or review thereof) the following:
| • | All original documents submitted to us (including signatures thereto) are authentic, all documents submitted to us as copies conform to the original documents, all such documents have been duly and validly executed and delivered where due execution and delivery are a prerequisite to the effectiveness thereof, and all parties to such documents had or will have, as applicable, the requisite corporate powers and authority to enter into such documents and to undertake and consummate the Business Combination. |
Austin Bay Area Beijing Boston Brussels Chicago Dallas Frankfurt Hong Kong Houston London Miami Munich New York Paris Philadelphia Riyadh Salt Lake City Shanghai Washington, D.C.
Ares Acquisition Corporation II
July [ ], 2025
Page 2
| • | All factual representations, warranties, and statements made or agreed to by the parties to the Business Combination Agreement, any representation letters provided to us by any party to the Business Combination Agreement, and any agreements or documents referenced in the foregoing or otherwise related to the Business Combination (the “Transaction Documents”) are true, correct, and complete at all times until the Closing, in each case, without regard to any qualification as to knowledge, belief, or otherwise. |
| • | The descriptions of AACT in the Registration Statement, the registration statement filed in connection with AACT’s initial public offering and AACT’s other public filings are true, accurate and complete. |
| • | The description of the Business Combination in the Registration Statement is accurate, the Business Combination will be consummated in accordance with such description and with the Transaction Documents, without any waiver or breach of any material provision thereof, and the Business Combination will be effective under applicable corporate law as described in the Transaction Documents. |
| • | The Transaction Documents and the Registration Statement represent the entire understanding of the parties to the Business Combination Agreement with respect to the Business Combination, there are no other written or oral agreements regarding the Business Combination other than the Transaction Documents, and no material terms and conditions thereof have been or will be waived or modified. |
This opinion is based on facts and circumstances existing on the date hereof. This opinion is based on current provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), the regulations promulgated thereunder by the U.S. Treasury Department, and the interpretation of the Code and such regulations by the courts and the U.S. Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), in each case, as in effect and existing on the date of this opinion. Statutes, regulations, judicial decisions, and administrative interpretations are subject to change at any time and, in some circumstances, with retroactive effect. Any change made after the date of this opinion, or any inaccuracy in the facts or assumptions on which we have relied in issuing this opinion, could adversely affect our conclusion. We assume no responsibility to inform you of any such change or inaccuracy that may occur or come to our attention or to supplement or revise our opinion to reflect any legal developments or factual matters arising subsequent to the date hereof. No opinion is expressed as to any transaction or any matter in connection with the Business Combination other than as expressly provided herein.
The U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Business Combination are complex and are subject to varying interpretations. Our opinion is not binding on the IRS and there is no assurance or guarantee the IRS will agree with our conclusions. Indeed, the IRS may challenge one or more of the conclusions contained herein and may take a position that is inconsistent with the views expressed herein. There is no assurance or guarantee that a court would, if presented with the issues addressed herein, reach the same or similar conclusions as we have reached.
Ares Acquisition Corporation II
July [ ], 2025
Page 3
Based on and subject to the foregoing and the other assumptions, qualifications, exclusions and limitations herein and in the Registration Statement, the discussion set forth in sections of the Registration Statement under the heading “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations Related to AACT—Tax Treatment of the Domestication,” “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations Related to AACT —U.S. Holders—Tax Effects of the Domestication to U.S. Holders—Generally,” “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations Related to AACT—U.S. Holders—Tax Effects of the Domestication to U.S. Holders—Basis and Holding Period Considerations,” and “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations Related to AACT—U.S. Holders—Tax Effects of the Domestication to U.S. Holders—Tax Consequences for U.S. Holders of AACT Warrants,” constitutes our opinion as to the material U.S. federal income tax considerations applicable to U.S. Holders of AACT Class A Ordinary Shares or AACT Warrants as a consequence of the Domestication.
This opinion relates solely to the specific matters set forth above, and no opinion is expressed, or should be inferred, as to any other U.S. federal, state, local, or non-U.S. income, estate, gift, transfer, sales, use, or other tax consequences that may result from the Business Combination. Moreover, this opinion does not address the applicability of Section 367 of the Code to the Domestication or any matter arising under the “passive foreign investment company” rules of the Code. This opinion is limited to legal rather than factual matters and has no official status or binding effect of any kind. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that the IRS or a court will agree with this opinion.
This opinion expressed herein is being furnished solely for use in connection with the Registration Statement and may not be used or relied upon for any other purpose without our prior written consent. We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to us in the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby concede that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder.
| Sincerely, |
Exhibit 10.4
KODIAK AI, INC.
EXECUTIVE INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLAN
1. Purposes of the Plan. The Plan is intended to increase stockholder value and the success of the Company by motivating Employees to (a) perform to the best of their abilities and (b) achieve the Company’s objectives.
2. Definitions.
2.1 “Actual Award” means as to any Performance Period, the actual award (if any) payable to a Participant for the Performance Period, subject to the authority of the Administrator (as defined in Section 3) under Section 4.4.
2.2 “Affiliate” means any corporation or other entity (including, but not limited to, partnerships and joint ventures) that, from time to time and at the time of any determination, directly or indirectly, is in control of or is controlled by the Company.
2.3 “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.
2.4 “Bonus Pool” means the pool of funds available for distribution to Participants. Subject to the terms of the Plan, the Administrator establishes the Bonus Pool for each Performance Period.
2.5 “Code” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Reference to a specific section of the Code or regulation thereunder will include such section or regulation, any valid regulation or formal guidance of general or direct applicability promulgated under such section or regulation, and any comparable provision of any future legislation or regulation amending, supplementing or superseding such section or regulation.
2.6 “Committee” means a committee appointed by the Board (pursuant to Section 3) to administer the Plan.
2.7 “Company” means Kodiak AI, Inc., a Delaware corporation, or any successor thereto.
2.8 “Company Group” means the Company and any Parents, Subsidiaries, and Affiliates.
2.9 “Disability” means a permanent and total disability determined in accordance with uniform and nondiscriminatory standards adopted by the Administrator from time to time.
2.10 “Employee” means any executive, officer, or other employee of the Company Group, whether such individual is so employed at the time the Plan is adopted or becomes so employed subsequent to the adoption of the Plan.
2.11 “Fiscal Year” means the fiscal year of the Company.
2.12 “Parent” means a “parent corporation,” whether now or hereafter existing, as defined in Code Section 424(e).
2.13 “Participant” means as to any Performance Period, an Employee who has been selected by the Administrator for participation in the Plan for that Performance Period.
2.14 “Performance Period” means the period of time for the measurement of the performance criteria that must be met to receive an Actual Award, as determined by the Administrator. A Performance Period may be divided into one or more shorter periods if, for example, but not by way of limitation, the Administrator desires to measure some performance criteria over twelve (12) months and other criteria over three (3) months.
2.15 “Plan” means this Executive Incentive Compensation Plan (including any appendix attached hereto), as may be amended from time to time.
2.16 “Section 409A” means Section 409A of the Code and any applicable state law equivalent, as each may be promulgated, amended or modified from time to time.
2.17 “Subsidiary” means a “subsidiary corporation,” whether now or hereafter existing, as defined in Code Section 424(f), in relation to the Company.
2.18 “Target Award” means the target award, at one hundred percent (100%) of target level performance achievement, payable under the Plan to a Participant for a Performance Period, as determined by the Administrator in accordance with Section 4.2.
2.19 “Tax Withholdings” means tax, social insurance and social security liability or premium obligations in connection with the awards under the Plan, including without limitation: (a) all federal, state, and local income, employment and any other taxes (including the Participant’s U.S. Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) obligation) that are required to be withheld by the Company Group, (b) the Participant’s and, to the extent required by the Company Group, the fringe benefit tax liability of the Company Group associated with an award under the Plan, and (c) any other taxes or social insurance or social security liabilities or premium the responsibility for which the Participant has, or has agreed to bear, with respect to such award under the Plan.
2.20 “Termination of Employment” means a cessation of the employee-employer relationship between an Employee and the Company Group, including without limitation a termination by resignation, discharge, death, Disability, retirement, or the disaffiliation of a Parent, Subsidiary or Affiliate. For purposes of the Plan, transfer of employment of a Participant between any members of the Company Group (for example, between the Company and a Subsidiary) will not be deemed a Termination of Employment.
3. Administration of the Plan.
3.1 Administrator. The Plan will be administered by the Board or a Committee (the “Administrator”). To the extent necessary or desirable to satisfy applicable laws, the Committee acting as the Administrator will consist of not less than two (2) members of the Board. The members of any Committee will be appointed from time to time by, and serve at the pleasure of, the Board. The Board may retain the authority to administer the Plan concurrently with a Committee and may revoke the delegation of some or all authority previously delegated. Different Administrators may administer the Plan with respect to different groups of Employees. Unless and until the Board otherwise determines, the Board’s Compensation Committee will administer the Plan.
-2-
3.2 Administrator Authority. It will be the duty of the Administrator to administer the Plan in accordance with the Plan’s provisions. The Administrator will have all powers and discretion necessary or appropriate to administer the Plan and to control its operation, including, but not limited to, the power to (a) determine which Employees will be granted awards, (b) prescribe the terms and conditions of awards, (c) interpret the Plan and the awards, (d) adopt such procedures and sub-plans as are necessary or appropriate to permit participation in the Plan by Employees who are non-U.S. nationals or employed outside of the U.S. or to qualify awards for special tax treatment under the laws of jurisdictions other than the U.S., (e) adopt rules for the administration, interpretation and application of the Plan as are consistent therewith, and (f) interpret, amend or revoke any such rules. Any determinations and decisions made or to be made by the Administrator pursuant to the provisions of the Plan, unless specified otherwise by the Administrator, will be in the Administrator’s sole discretion.
3.3 Decisions Binding. All determinations and decisions made by the Administrator and/or any delegate of the Administrator pursuant to the provisions of the Plan will be final, conclusive, and binding on all persons, and will be given the maximum deference permitted by law.
3.4 Delegation by Administrator. The Administrator, on such terms and conditions as it may provide, may delegate all or part of its authority and powers under the Plan to one or more directors and/or officers of the Company. Such delegation may be revoked at any time.
3.5 Indemnification. Each person who is or will have been a member of the Administrator will be indemnified and held harmless by the Company against and from (a) any loss, cost, liability, or expense that may be imposed upon or reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with or resulting from any claim, action, suit, or proceeding to which he or she may be a party or in which he or she may be involved by reason of any action taken or failure to act under the Plan or any award, and (b) from any and all amounts paid by him or her in settlement thereof, with the Company’s approval, or paid by him or her in satisfaction of any judgment in any such claim, action, suit, or proceeding against him or her, provided he or she will give the Company an opportunity, at its own expense, to handle and defend the same before he or she undertakes to handle and defend it on his or her own behalf. The foregoing right of indemnification will not be exclusive of any other rights of indemnification to which such persons may be entitled under the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws, by contract, as a matter of law, or otherwise, or under any power that the Company may have to indemnify them or hold them harmless.
4. Selection of Participants and Determination of Awards.
4.1 Selection of Participants. The Administrator will select the Employees who will be Participants for any Performance Period. Participation in the Plan will be on a Performance Period by Performance Period basis. Accordingly, an Employee who is a Participant for a given Performance Period in no way is guaranteed or assured of being selected for participation in any subsequent Performance Period or Performance Periods. No Employee will have the right to be selected to receive an award under this Plan or, if so selected, to be selected to receive a future award.
-3-
4.2 Determination of Target Awards. The Administrator may establish a Target Award for each Participant (which may be expressed as a percentage of a Participant’s average annual base salary for the Performance Period or a fixed dollar amount or such other amount or based on such other formula or factors as the Administrator determines).
4.3 Bonus Pool. Each Performance Period, the Administrator may establish a Bonus Pool, which pool may be established before, during or after the applicable Performance Period. Actual Awards will be paid from the Bonus Pool (if a Bonus Pool has been established).
4.4 Discretion to Modify Awards. Notwithstanding any contrary provision of the Plan, the Administrator, at any time prior to payment of an Actual Award, may: (a) increase, reduce or eliminate a Participant’s Actual Award, and/or (b) increase, reduce or eliminate the amount allocated to the Bonus Pool. The Actual Award may be below, at or above the Target Award, as determined by the Administrator. The Administrator may determine the amount of any increase, reduction, or elimination based on such factors as it deems relevant, and will not be required to establish any allocation or weighting with respect to the factors it considers.
4.5 Discretion to Determine Criteria. Notwithstanding any contrary provision of the Plan, the Administrator will determine the performance goals, if any, applicable to any Target Award (or portion thereof) which may include, without limitation, goals related to: research and development milestones; regulatory milestones or regulatory-related goals; gross margin; financial milestones; new product or business development; operating margin; product release timelines or other product release milestones; publications; cash flow; procurement; savings; internal structure; leadership development; project function or portfolio-specific milestones; license or research collaboration agreements; capital raising; initial public offering preparations; patentability; and individual objectives such as peer reviews or other subjective or objective criteria. As determined by the Administrator, the performance goals may be based on U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) or non-GAAP results and any actual results may be adjusted by the Administrator for one-time items or unbudgeted or unexpected items and/or payments of Actual Awards under the Plan when determining whether the performance goals have been met. The performance goals may be based on any factors the Administrator determines relevant, including without limitation on an individual, divisional, portfolio, project, business unit, segment or Company-wide basis. Any criteria used may be measured on such basis as the Administrator determines, including without limitation: (a) in absolute terms, (b) in combination with another performance goal or goals (for example, but not by way of limitation, as a ratio or matrix), (c) in relative terms (including, but not limited to, results for other periods, passage of time and/or against another company or companies or an index or indices), (d) on a per-share basis, (e) against the performance of the Company as a whole or a segment of the Company and/or (f) on a pre-tax or after-tax basis. The performance goals may differ from Participant to Participant and from award to award. Failure to meet the applicable performance goals will result in a failure to earn the Target Award, except as provided in Section 4.4.
-4-
5. Payment of Awards.
5.1 Right to Receive Payment. Each Actual Award will be paid solely from the general assets of the Company Group. Nothing in this Plan will be construed to create a trust or to establish or evidence any Participant’s claim of any right other than as an unsecured general creditor with respect to any payment to which the Participant may be entitled.
5.2 Timing of Payment. Payment of each Actual Award will be made as soon as practicable after the end of the Performance Period to which the Actual Award relates and after the Actual Award is approved by the Administrator, but in no event after the later of (a) the fifteenth (15th) day of the third (3rd) month of the Fiscal Year immediately following the Fiscal Year in which the Participant’s Actual Award first becomes no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture, and (b) March 15 of the calendar year immediately following the calendar year in which the Participant’s Actual Award first becomes no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture. Unless otherwise determined by the Administrator, to earn an Actual Award a Participant must be employed by the Company Group on the date the Actual Award is paid, and in all cases subject to the Administrator’s discretion pursuant to Section 4.4.
5.3 Form of Payment. Each Actual Award generally will be paid in cash (or its equivalent) in a single lump sum. The Administrator reserves the right to settle an Actual Award with a grant of an equity award with such terms and conditions, including any vesting requirements, as determined by the Administrator.
5.4 Payment in the Event of Death or Disability. If a Termination of Employment occurs due to a Participant’s death or Disability prior to payment of an Actual Award that the Administrator has determined will be paid for a prior Performance Period, then the Actual Award will be paid to the Participant or the Participant’s estate, as the case may be, subject to the Administrator’s discretion pursuant to Section 4.4.
6. General Provisions.
6.1 Tax Matters.
6.1.1 Section 409A. It is the intent that this Plan be exempt from or comply with the requirements of Section 409A so that none of the payments to be provided hereunder will be subject to the additional tax imposed under Section 409A, and any ambiguities or ambiguous terms will be interpreted to be so exempt or so comply. Each payment under this Plan is intended to constitute a separate payment for purposes of Treasury Regulations Section 1.409A-2(b)(2). In no event will the Company Group have any liability, obligation, or responsibility to reimburse, indemnify or hold harmless any Participant or other Employee for any taxes, penalties or interest imposed, or other costs incurred, as a result of Section 409A.
6.1.2 Tax Withholdings. The Company Group will have the right and authority to deduct from any Actual Award all applicable Tax Withholdings. Prior to the payment of an Actual Award or such earlier time as any Tax Withholdings are due, the Company Group is permitted to deduct or withhold, or require a Participant to remit to the Company Group, an amount sufficient to satisfy any Tax Withholdings with respect to such Actual Award.
-5-
6.2 No Effect on Employment or Service. Neither the Plan nor any award under the Plan will confer upon a Participant any right regarding continuing the Participant’s relationship as an Employee or other service provider to the Company Group, nor will they interfere with or limit in any way the right of the Company Group or the Participant to terminate such relationship at any time, with or without cause, to the extent permitted by applicable laws.
6.3 Forfeiture Events.
6.3.1 Clawback Policy; Applicable Laws. All awards under the Plan will be subject to reduction, cancellation, forfeiture, or recoupment in accordance with any clawback policy that the Company Group is required to adopt pursuant to the listing standards of any national securities exchange or association on which the Company’s securities are listed or as is otherwise required by applicable laws, including the Company’s current clawback policy. In addition, the Administrator may impose such other clawback, recovery or recoupment provisions with respect to an award under the Plan as the Administrator determines necessary or appropriate, including without limitation a reacquisition right in respect of previously acquired cash, stock, or other property provided with respect to an award. Unless this Section 6.3.1 is specifically mentioned and waived in a written agreement between a Participant and a member of the Company Group or other document, no recovery of compensation under a clawback policy will give the Participant the right to resign for “good reason” or “constructive termination” (or similar term) under any agreement with a member of the Company Group.
6.3.2 Additional Forfeiture Terms. The Administrator may specify when providing for an award under the Plan that the Participant’s rights, payments, and benefits with respect to the award will be subject to reduction, cancellation, forfeiture, or recoupment upon the occurrence of specified events, in addition to any otherwise applicable vesting or performance conditions of the award. Such events may include, without limitation, termination of the Participant’s status as an Employee for “cause” or any act by a Participant, whether before or after the Participant’s status as an Employee terminates, that would constitute “cause.”
6.3.3 Accounting Restatements. If the Company is required to prepare an accounting restatement due to the material noncompliance of the Company, as a result of misconduct, with any financial reporting requirement under the securities laws, then any Participant who knowingly or through gross negligence engaged in the misconduct, or who knowingly or through gross negligence failed to prevent the misconduct, and any Participant who is one of the individuals subject to automatic forfeiture under Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, will reimburse the Company Group the amount of any payment with respect to an award earned or accrued during the twelve (12) month period following the first public issuance or filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (whichever first occurred) of the financial document embodying such financial reporting requirement.
6.4 Successors. All obligations of the Company under the Plan, with respect to awards under the Plan, will be binding on any successor to the Company, whether the existence of such successor is the result of a direct or indirect purchase, merger, consolidation, or otherwise, of all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Company.
-6-
6.5 Nontransferability of Awards. No award under the Plan may be sold, transferred, pledged, assigned, or otherwise alienated or hypothecated, other than by will or by the laws of descent and distribution, and except as provided in Section 5.4. All rights with respect to an award granted to a Participant will be available during his or her lifetime only to the Participant.
7. Amendment, Termination, and Duration.
7.1 Amendment, Suspension, or Termination. The Administrator may amend or terminate the Plan, or any part thereof, at any time and for any reason. The amendment, suspension or termination of the Plan will not, without the consent of the Participant, alter or impair any rights or obligations under any Actual Award earned by such Participant. No award may be granted during any period of suspension or after termination of the Plan.
7.2 Duration of Plan. The Plan will commence on the date first adopted by the Board or the Compensation Committee of the Board, and subject to Section 7.1 (regarding the Administrator’s right to amend or terminate the Plan), will remain in effect thereafter until terminated.
8. Legal Construction.
8.1 Gender and Number. Unless otherwise indicated by the context, any feminine term used herein also will include the masculine and any masculine term used herein also will include the feminine; the plural will include the singular and the singular will include the plural.
8.2 Severability. If any provision of the Plan is or becomes or is deemed to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable for any reason in any jurisdiction or as to any Participant, such invalidity, illegality, or unenforceability will not affect the remaining parts of the Plan, and the Plan will be construed and enforced as if the invalid, illegal, or unenforceable provision had not been included.
8.3 Governing Law. The Plan and all awards will be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of Delaware, but without regard to its conflict of law provisions.
8.4 Bonus Plan. The Plan is intended to be a “bonus program” as defined under U.S. Department of Labor regulations section 2510.3-2(c) and will be construed and administered in accordance with such intention.
8.5 Headings. Headings are provided herein for convenience only, and will not serve as a basis for interpretation or construction of the Plan.
9. Compliance with Applicable Laws. Awards under the Plan (including without limitation the granting of such awards) will be subject to all applicable laws, rules and regulations, and to such approvals by any governmental agencies or national securities exchanges as may be required.
* * *
-7-
Exhibit 10.5
KODIAK AI, INC.
OUTSIDE DIRECTOR COMPENSATION POLICY
Kodiak AI, Inc. (the “Company”) believes that the granting of equity and cash compensation to members of the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board,” and members of the Board, “Directors”) who are not employees represents an effective tool to attract, retain and reward such Directors. This Outside Director Compensation Policy (the “Policy”) is intended to formalize the Company’s policy regarding cash compensation and grants of equity awards to Directors who are not employees of the Company or any of its Parents or Subsidiaries (“Outside Directors”). Unless otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms used in this Policy will have the meaning given such term in the Company’s 2025 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time, or if such plan no longer is in use at the time of the grant of an equity award, the meaning given such term or similar term in the equity plan then in place and primarily used by the Company and under which non-employee Directors are eligible to receive awards (the “Plan”). Each Outside Director will be solely responsible for any tax obligations incurred by such Outside Director because of equity awards and cash compensation such Outside Director receives under this Policy.
1. Effective Date. This Policy will be effective as of the Closing (as defined in the Business Combination Agreement). If the Business Combination Agreement is terminated without the Closing having occurred, then this Policy also will terminate as of such time.
2. Cash Compensation.
2.1 Board Member Annual Cash Retainer. Following the Closing, each Outside Director will be paid an annual cash retainer of $60,000 (an “Annual Retainer”). There are no per-meeting attendance fees for attending Board meetings or meetings of any committee of the Board.
2.2 Additional Annual Cash Retainers. Following the Closing, each Outside Director who serves as the Non-Employee Chair of the Board, or the chair or a member of a committee of the Board, will be eligible to earn additional annual fees as follows (an “Additional Retainer”):
| Non-Employee Chair of the Board: |
$ | 40,000 | ||
| Audit Committee Chair: |
$ | 20,000 | ||
| Audit Committee Member: |
$ | 10,000 | ||
| Compensation Committee Chair: |
$ | 15,000 | ||
| Compensation Committee Member: |
$ | 7,500 | ||
| Nominating and Governance Committee Chair: |
$ | 10,000 | ||
| Nominating and Governance Committee Member: |
$ | 5,000 |
For clarity, each Outside Director who serves as the chair of a committee will receive only the additional annual fee as the chair of the committee and not the additional annual fee as a member of such committee while serving as such chair. Additionally, the Outside Director who serves as the Non-Employee Chair of the Board will receive the annual fee for services provided in such role as well as the annual fee as an Outside Director.
2.3 Payment Timing and Proration. Each Annual Retainer and Additional Retainer (in either case, a “Cash Retainer”) under this Policy will be paid quarterly in arrears on a prorated basis to each Outside Director who has served in the relevant capacity at any time during the immediately preceding fiscal quarter of the Company (“Fiscal Quarter”), and such payment will be made no later than 30 days following the end of such immediately preceding Fiscal Quarter. For clarity, an Outside Director who has served as an Outside Director, as a member of an applicable committee (or chair thereof), or as Non-Employee Chair of the Board during only a portion of the relevant Fiscal Quarter will receive a prorated payment of the quarterly installment of the applicable Cash Retainer(s), calculated based on the number of days during such Fiscal Quarter such Outside Director has served in the relevant capacities. For clarity, an Outside Director who has served as an Outside Director, as a member of an applicable committee (or chair thereof), or as Non-Employee Chair of the Board from the Closing through the end of the Fiscal Quarter containing the Closing (the “Initial Period”), as applicable, will receive a prorated payment of the quarterly installment of the applicable Cash Retainer(s), calculated based on the number of days during the Initial Period that such Outside Director has served in the relevant capacities.
3. Equity Compensation. Outside Directors will be eligible to receive all types of Awards (except Incentive Stock Options) under the Plan, including discretionary Awards not covered under this Policy. All grants of Awards to Outside Directors pursuant to Sections 3.2 and 3.3 of this Policy will be automatic and nondiscretionary, except as otherwise provided herein, and will be made in accordance with the following provisions:
3.1 No Discretion. No person will have any discretion to select which Outside Directors will be granted Awards under this Policy or to determine the number of Shares to be covered by such Awards (except as provided in Sections 3.4.2 and 9 below).
3.2 Initial Awards. Each individual who first becomes an Outside Director following the Closing automatically will be granted an award of Restricted Stock Units having a Value of $390,000 (an “Initial Award”). The grant date of the Initial Award will be the first Trading Day on or after the date on which such individual first becomes an Outside Director, whether through election by the stockholders of the Company or appointment by the Board to fill a vacancy. If an individual was an Inside Director, becoming an Outside Director due to termination of the individual’s status as an Employee will not entitle the Outside Director to an Initial Award. Each Initial Award will be scheduled to vest as to 1/3 of the Shares on each anniversary of the Initial Award’s grant date, in each case subject to the Outside Director remaining a Service Provider through the applicable vesting date.
3.3 Annual Award. On the first Trading Day immediately following each Annual Meeting of the Company’s stockholders (an “Annual Meeting”) that occurs after the Closing Date, each Outside Director automatically will be granted an award of Restricted Stock Units having a Value of $195,000 (the “Annual Award”), subject to the Outside Director remaining a Service Provider on the grant date; provided, however, that if an individual commenced service as an Outside Director after the date of the Annual Meeting that occurred immediately prior to such
- 2 -
Annual Meeting (or if there is no such prior Annual Meeting, then after the Closing Date), then the Annual Award granted to such Outside Director will be prorated based on the number of whole months that the individual served as an Outside Director prior to the Annual Award’s grant date during the 12- month period immediately preceding such Annual Meeting (with any resulting fractional Share rounded down to the nearest whole Share). The Annual Award will be scheduled to vest in full on the earlier of the one-year anniversary of the Annual Award’s grant date or the day immediately prior to the date of the next Annual Meeting that occurs after the Annual Award’s grant date, subject to the Outside Director remaining a Service Provider through such vesting date.
3.4 Additional Terms of Initial Awards and Annual Awards. In addition to the foregoing terms under this Section 3, the terms and conditions of each Initial Award and Annual Award (each, a “Policy Award”) will be as follows.
3.4.1 Each Policy Award will be granted under and subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan and the applicable form of Award Agreement previously approved by the Board or its Committee (as defined below), as applicable, for use thereunder.
3.4.2 The Board or its Committee, as applicable and in its discretion, may change and otherwise revise the terms of Policy Awards to be granted in the future pursuant to this Policy, including without limitation the number of Shares subject thereto and type of Award.
3.4.3 For purposes of this Policy, “Value” means the grant date fair value as determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or such other methodology as the Board or any committee of the Board that has been designated appropriate authority with respect to Outside Director compensation (the “Committee”), as applicable, may determine prior to the grant of the applicable Award becoming effective.
Notwithstanding any contrary provision in this Policy, no Policy Award will be granted under this Policy to an individual unless such individual is a Service Provider as of the Policy Award’s grant date.
4. Change in Control. In the event of a Change in Control, each Outside Director will fully vest in his or her outstanding Policy Awards, as of immediately prior to the Change in Control, provided that the Outside Director continues to be an Outside Director through immediately prior to such Change in Control.
5. Annual Compensation Limit. In any Fiscal Year, no Outside Director may be granted equity awards (including any Awards granted under the Plan), the value of which will be based on their grant date fair value determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, and be provided any cash retainers or fees in amounts that, in the aggregate, exceed $750,000; provided that such amount is increased to $1,000,000 in the Fiscal Year of his or her initial service as an Outside Director. Any equity awards or other compensation provided to an individual (a) for his or her services as an Employee, or for his or her services as a Consultant other than as an Outside Director, or (b) prior to the Closing, will be excluded for purposes of this Section 5.
- 3 -
6. Travel Expenses. Each Outside Director’s reasonable, customary and properly documented travel expenses to meetings of the Board and any of its committees, as applicable, will be reimbursed by the Company.
7. Adjustments. In the event that any dividend or other distribution (whether in the form of cash, Shares, other securities or other property), recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, combination, reclassification, repurchase, or exchange of Shares or other securities of the Company, or other change in the corporate structure of the Company affecting the Shares occurs (other than any ordinary dividends or other ordinary distributions), the Administrator, in order to prevent diminution or enlargement of the benefits or potential benefits intended to be made available under this Policy, will adjust the number and class of shares of stock that may be delivered pursuant to Policy Awards and/or the number, class, and price of shares of stock covered by each outstanding Policy Award.
8. Section 409A. In no event will cash compensation or taxable expense reimbursement payments under this Policy be paid after the later of (a) the 15th day of the third (3rd) month following the end of the Company’s taxable year in which the compensation is earned or expenses are incurred, as applicable, or (b) the 15th day of the 3rd month following the end of the calendar year in which the compensation is earned or expenses are incurred, as applicable, in compliance with the “short-term deferral” exception under Section 409A. It is the intent of this Policy that this Policy and all payments hereunder be exempt from or otherwise comply with the requirements of Section 409A so that none of the compensation to be provided hereunder will be subject to the additional tax imposed under Section 409A, and any ambiguities or ambiguous terms herein will be interpreted to be so exempt or comply. Each payment and benefit under this Policy is intended to be a separate payment for purposes of Section 409A. In no event will the Company or any of its Parents or Subsidiaries have any responsibility, liability, or obligation to reimburse, indemnify, or hold harmless an Outside Director (or any other person) for any taxes imposed, or other costs incurred, as a result of Section 409A.
9. Revisions. The Board may amend, alter, suspend or terminate this Policy, or any part thereof, at any time and for any reason. Further, the Board may provide for cash, equity, or other compensation to Outside Directors in addition to the compensation provided under this Policy. No amendment, alteration, suspension or termination of this Policy will materially impair the rights of an Outside Director with respect to compensation that already has been paid or awarded, unless otherwise mutually agreed between the Outside Director and the Company. Termination of this Policy will not affect the Plan administrator’s ability to exercise the powers granted to it under the Plan with respect to Awards granted pursuant to this Policy.
- 4 -
Exhibit 10.6
|
1049 Terra Bella Ave Mountain View, CA 94043
Kodiak.ai |
KODIAK ROBOTICS, INC.
Confirmatory Employment Letter
July 1, 2025
Don Burnette
802 Farley St
Mountain View, CA 94043
Dear Don:
This letter agreement (the “Agreement”) is entered into between Kodiak Robotics, Inc. (the “Company” or “we”) and you. This Agreement is effective as of the later of the Closing (as defined below) or the date signed below (the “Effective Date”). The purpose of this Agreement is to confirm the terms and conditions of your employment with the Company as of the Effective Date.
1. Position. Prior to the closing (the “Closing”) of the transactions contemplated by that certain Business Combination Agreement entered into on April 14, 2025, between Ares Acquisition Corporation II, the Company and certain other parties, you served in the role of Chief Executive Officer of the Company. In connection with the Closing, Ares Acquisition Corporation II, was renamed Kodiak AI, Inc. (“Parent”). Parent and its subsidiaries (including the Company) are referred to in this Agreement as the “Company Group.” Following the Closing, your employment will continue as Chief Executive Officer of the Company. This is a full-time position. While you render services to the Company Group you will not engage in any other employment, consulting or other business activity (whether full-time or part-time) without the prior approval of Parent’s Board of Directors or its designee (the “Board”). By signing this Agreement, you confirm to the Company that you have no contractual commitments or other legal obligations that would prohibit you from performing your duties for the Company Group.
2. Compensation and Benefits.
(a) Base Salary. Your rate of annual base salary following the Effective Date will continue to be $425,000 per year, less applicable withholding, which will be paid in accordance with the Company’s normal payroll procedures.
Page 1 of 6
(b) Annual Bonus Opportunity. Your annual target bonus opportunity following the Effective Date will continue to be eighty percent (80%) of your annual base salary (the “Target Bonus”). The Target Bonus shall be subject to review and may be adjusted based upon the Company’s normal performance review practices. Your actual bonuses shall be based upon achievement of performance objectives to be determined by the Board in its sole and absolute discretion. Bonuses will be paid as soon as practicable after the Board determines that the performance objectives related to such bonuses have been achieved, provided that you must remain an employee of the Company Group through the date a bonus is paid in order to earn such bonus.
(c) Employee Benefits. As a full-time employee, you will be eligible to participate in the Company’s standard benefit plans as in effect from time to time, on the same basis as those benefit plans are generally made available to other similarly situated executives of the Company. Such benefit plans are subject to change, and may be supplemented, altered, or eliminated, in part or entirely. Any eligibility to participate in such benefits plans, as well as the terms thereof, shall be as set forth in the governing documents for such plans, or there are no such governing documents, in the Company’s policies.
(d) Equity Awards. You will be eligible to receive compensatory equity awards, such as stock options or restricted stock unit awards, from Parent on the terms and conditions determined by the Board in its sole discretion.
(e) Expenses. You will be entitled to receive prompt reimbursement for all reasonable expenses incurred by you in the furtherance of or in connection with the performance of your duties hereunder, in accordance with the applicable policy of the Company, as in effect from time to time. In the event that any expense reimbursements are taxable to you, such reimbursements will be made in the time frame specified by Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-3(i)(1)(iv) unless another time frame that complies with or is exempt from Section 409A (as defined below) is specified in the Company’s expense reimbursement policy.
(f) Vacation. You will be entitled to paid vacation in accordance with the Company’s vacation policy, as in effect from time to time.
Page 2 of 6
3. Severance & Change of Control Benefits. In connection with executing this Agreement, you are also entering into a participation agreement under Parent’s Change in Control and Severance Policy between you and Parent (together, the “Severance Documents”), which Severance Documents shall become effective as of the Closing, subject to your continued employment through the date of the Closing, and are incorporated herein by reference. The Severance Documents supersede and replace in its entirety any prior agreement providing for severance or similar benefits entered into between you and any member of the Company Group.
4. Confidentiality Agreement. As an employee of a member of the Company Group, you have access to certain confidential information of the Company Group and you may, during the course of your employment, develop certain information or inventions that will be the property of the Company Group. You previously entered into an At-Will Employment, Confidential Information, Invention Assignment, and Arbitration Agreement with the Company which is incorporated by reference (the “Confidentiality Agreement”). The Confidentiality Agreement will remain in full force and effect.
5. At-Will Employment. You acknowledge and agree that your employment with the Company will be “at-will” employment and may be terminated at any time with or without cause or notice. You understand and agree that neither your job performance nor commendations, bonuses, or the like from the Company give rise to or in any way serve as the basis for modification, amendment, or extension, by implication or otherwise, of your employment with the Company. You further acknowledge and agree that the Company, may modify job titles, salaries and benefits from time to time as it deems necessary. However, as described in this Agreement, you may be eligible to receive severance benefits under the Severance Documents depending on the circumstances of the termination of your employment.
6. Tax Matters.
(a) Withholding. All payments made under this Agreement shall be subject to reduction to reflect taxes or other charges required to be withheld by law, and you will be solely responsible for any and all taxes arising in connection with this Agreement and compensation paid or payable to you, including but not limited to any taxes, penalties and interest, if any, arising under Section 409A.
(b) Section 409A. The Company intends that all payments and benefits provided under this Agreement or otherwise are exempt from, or comply with, the requirements of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and any final regulations and guidance thereunder and any applicable state law equivalent, as each may be amended or promulgated from time to time (“Section 409A”) so that none of the payments or benefits will be subject to the additional tax imposed under Section 409A, and any ambiguities will be interpreted to so be exempt or comply. Each payment and benefit payable under this Agreement is intended to constitute a separate payment for purposes of Section 1.409A-2(b)(2) of the Treasury Regulations.
(c) Tax Advice. You are encouraged to obtain your own tax advice regarding your compensation from the Company. You agree that the Company does not have a duty to design its compensation policies in a manner that minimizes your tax liabilities.
Page 3 of 6
7. Entire Agreement, Amendment and Enforcement. This Agreement, the Severance Documents and the Confidentiality Agreement supersede and replace any prior agreements, representations or understandings (whether written, oral, implied or otherwise) between you and the Company, and constitute the complete agreement between you and the Company regarding the subject matter set forth herein. This Agreement may not be amended or modified, except by an express written agreement signed by both you and a duly authorized officer of the Company. The validity, interpretation, construction and performance of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California without regard to the principles of conflict of laws thereof.
8. Miscellaneous.
(a) Arbitration. You agree that any and all controversies, claims, or disputes with anyone (including the Company and any employee, officer, director, stockholder or benefit plan of the Company in their capacity as such or otherwise) arising out of, relating to, or resulting from your service to the Company, will be subject to arbitration in accordance with the provisions of the Confidentiality Agreement.
(b) Successors. In addition to any obligations imposed by law upon any successor to the Company, the Company will require any successor (whether direct or indirect, by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the business and/or assets of the Company to expressly assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Company would be required to perform it if no such succession had taken place.
(c) Validity. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Agreement, which shall remain in full force and effect.
Page 4 of 6
(d) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument.
(e) Acknowledgment. You acknowledge that you have had the opportunity to discuss this Agreement with and obtain advice from your private attorney, have had sufficient time to, and have carefully read and fully understand all the provisions of this Agreement, and are knowingly and voluntarily entering into this Agreement.
* * * * *
[Signature Page Follows]
Page 5 of 6
We are extremely excited about your continued employment with Kodiak Robotics, Inc.!
Please indicate your acceptance of this Agreement, and confirmation that it contains our complete agreement regarding the terms and conditions of your employment, by signing the bottom portion of this Agreement and returning a copy to me.
| Very truly yours, | ||
| KODIAK ROBOTICS, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Jordan Coleman | |
| Jordan Coleman | ||
| Chief Legal and Policy Officer | ||
| I have read and accept this Agreement: |
| /s/ Don Burnette |
| Don Burnette |
| Dated: 07/18/2025 |
Page 6 of 6
Exhibit 10.7
|
1049 Terra Bella Ave Mountain View, CA 94043
Kodiak.ai |
KODIAK ROBOTICS, INC.
Confirmatory Employment Letter
July 1, 2025
Mr. Andreas Wendel
2443 Alvin St
Mountain View, CA 94043
Dear Andreas:
This letter agreement (the “Agreement”) is entered into between Kodiak Robotics, Inc. (the “Company” or “we”) and you. This Agreement is effective as of the later of the Closing (as defined below) or the date signed below (the “Effective Date”). The purpose of this Agreement is to confirm the terms and conditions of your employment with the Company as of the Effective Date.
| 1. | Position. Prior to the closing (the “Closing”) of the transactions contemplated by that certain Business Combination Agreement entered into on April 14, 2025, between Ares Acquisition Corporation II, the Company and certain other parties, you served in the role of Chief Technology Officer of the Company. In connection with the Closing, Ares Acquisition Corporation II, was renamed Kodiak AI, Inc. (“Parent”). Parent and its subsidiaries (including the Company) are referred to in this Agreement as the “Company Group.” Following the Closing, your employment will continue as Chief Technology Officer of the Company. This is a full-time position. While you render services to the Company Group you will not engage in any other employment, consulting or other business activity (whether full-time or part-time) without the prior approval of Parent’s Board of Directors or its designee (the “Board”). By signing this Agreement, you confirm to the Company that you have no contractual commitments or other legal obligations that would prohibit you from performing your duties for the Company Group. |
Page 1 of 6
| 2. | Compensation and Benefits. |
| (a) | Base Salary. Your rate of annual base salary following the Effective Date will continue to be $420,000 per year, less applicable withholding, which will be paid in accordance with the Company’s normal payroll procedures. |
| (b) | Annual Bonus Opportunity. Your annual target bonus opportunity following the Effective Date will continue to be sixty-five percent (65%) of your annual base salary (the “Target Bonus”). The Target Bonus shall be subject to review and may be adjusted based upon the Company’s normal performance review practices. Your actual bonuses shall be based upon achievement of performance objectives to be determined by the Board in its sole and absolute discretion. Bonuses will be paid as soon as practicable after the Board determines that the performance objectives related to such bonuses have been achieved, provided that you must remain an employee of the Company Group through the date a bonus is paid in order to earn such bonus. |
| (c) | Employee Benefits. As a full-time employee, you will be eligible to participate in the Company’s standard benefit plans as in effect from time to time, on the same basis as those benefit plans are generally made available to other similarly situated executives of the Company. Such benefit plans are subject to change, and may be supplemented, altered, or eliminated, in part or entirely. Any eligibility to participate in such benefits plans, as well as the terms thereof, shall be as set forth in the governing documents for such plans, or there are no such governing documents, in the Company’s policies. |
| (d) | Equity Awards. You will be eligible to receive compensatory equity awards, such as stock options or restricted stock unit awards, from Parent on the terms and conditions determined by the Board in its sole discretion. |
| (e) | Expenses. You will be entitled to receive prompt reimbursement for all reasonable expenses incurred by you in the furtherance of or in connection with the performance of your duties hereunder, in accordance with the applicable policy of the Company, as in effect from time to time. In the event that any expense reimbursements are taxable to you, such reimbursements will be made in the time frame specified by Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-3(i)(1)(iv) unless another time frame that complies with or is exempt from Section 409A (as defined below) is specified in the Company’s expense reimbursement policy. |
| (f) | Vacation. You will be entitled to paid vacation in accordance with the Company’s vacation policy, as in effect from time to time. |
Page 2 of 6
| 3. | Severance & Change of Control Benefits. In connection with executing this Agreement, you are also entering into a participation agreement under Parent’s Change in Control and Severance Policy between you and Parent (together, the “Severance Documents”), which Severance Documents shall become effective as of the Closing, subject to your continued employment through the date of the Closing, and are incorporated herein by reference. The Severance Documents supersede and replace in its entirety any prior agreement providing for severance or similar benefits entered into between you and any member of the Company Group. |
| 4. | Confidentiality Agreement. As an employee of a member of the Company Group, you have access to certain confidential information of the Company Group and you may, during the course of your employment, develop certain information or inventions that will be the property of the Company Group. You previously entered into an At-Will Employment, Confidential Information, Invention Assignment, and Arbitration Agreement with the Company which is incorporated by reference (the “Confidentiality Agreement”). The Confidentiality Agreement will remain in full force and effect. |
| 5. | At-Will Employment. You acknowledge and agree that your employment with the Company will be “at-will” employment and may be terminated at any time with or without cause or notice. You understand and agree that neither your job performance nor commendations, bonuses, or the like from the Company give rise to or in any way serve as the basis for modification, amendment, or extension, by implication or otherwise, of your employment with the Company. You further acknowledge and agree that the Company, may modify job titles, salaries and benefits from time to time as it deems necessary. However, as described in this Agreement, you may be eligible to receive severance benefits under the Severance Documents depending on the circumstances of the termination of your employment. |
| 6. | Tax Matters. |
| (a) | Withholding. All payments made under this Agreement shall be subject to reduction to reflect taxes or other charges required to be withheld by law, and you will be solely responsible for any and all taxes arising in connection with this Agreement and compensation paid or payable to you, including but not limited to any taxes, penalties and interest, if any, arising under Section 409A. |
Page 3 of 6
| (b) | Section 409A. The Company intends that all payments and benefits provided under this Agreement or otherwise are exempt from, or comply with, the requirements of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and any final regulations and guidance thereunder and any applicable state law equivalent, as each may be amended or promulgated from time to time (“Section 409A”) so that none of the payments or benefits will be subject to the additional tax imposed under Section 409A, and any ambiguities will be interpreted to so be exempt or comply. Each payment and benefit payable under this Agreement is intended to constitute a separate payment for purposes of Section 1.409A-2(b)(2) of the Treasury Regulations. |
| (c) | Tax Advice. You are encouraged to obtain your own tax advice regarding your compensation from the Company. You agree that the Company does not have a duty to design its compensation policies in a manner that minimizes your tax liabilities. |
| 7. | Entire Agreement, Amendment and Enforcement. This Agreement, the Severance Documents and the Confidentiality Agreement supersede and replace any prior agreements, representations or understandings (whether written, oral, implied or otherwise) between you and the Company, and constitute the complete agreement between you and the Company regarding the subject matter set forth herein. This Agreement may not be amended or modified, except by an express written agreement signed by both you and a duly authorized officer of the Company. The validity, interpretation, construction and performance of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California without regard to the principles of conflict of laws thereof. |
| 8. | Miscellaneous. |
| (a) | Arbitration. You agree that any and all controversies, claims, or disputes with anyone (including the Company and any employee, officer, director, stockholder or benefit plan of the Company in their capacity as such or otherwise) arising out of, relating to, or resulting from your service to the Company, will be subject to arbitration in accordance with the provisions of the Confidentiality Agreement. |
| (b) | Successors. In addition to any obligations imposed by law upon any successor to the Company, the Company will require any successor (whether direct or indirect, by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the business and/or assets of the Company to expressly assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Company would be required to perform it if no such succession had taken place. |
Page 4 of 6
| (c) | Validity. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Agreement, which shall remain in full force and effect. |
| (d) | Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument. |
| (e) | Acknowledgment. You acknowledge that you have had the opportunity to discuss this Agreement with and obtain advice from your private attorney, have had sufficient time to, and have carefully read and fully understand all the provisions of this Agreement, and are knowingly and voluntarily entering into this Agreement. |
* * * * *
[Signature Page Follows]
Page 5 of 6
We are extremely excited about your continued employment with Kodiak Robotics, Inc.!
Please indicate your acceptance of this Agreement, and confirmation that it contains our complete agreement regarding the terms and conditions of your employment, by signing the bottom portion of this Agreement and returning a copy to me.
| Very truly yours, | ||
| KODIAK ROBOTICS, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Don Burnette | |
| Don Burnette | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
| I have read and accept this Agreement: |
| /s/ Andreas Wendel |
| Andreas Wendel |
| Dated: 07/22/2025 |
Page 6 of 6
Exhibit 10.8
|
1049 Terra Bella Ave Mountain View, CA 94043
Kodiak.ai |
KODIAK ROBOTICS, INC.
Confirmatory Employment Letter
July 1, 2025
Michael W. Wiesinger
928 Wright Ave, Apt 301
Mountain View, CA 94043
Dear Michael:
This letter agreement (the “Agreement”) is entered into between Kodiak Robotics, Inc. (the “Company” or “we”) and you. This Agreement is effective as of the later of the Closing (as defined below) or the date signed below (the “Effective Date”). The purpose of this Agreement is to confirm the terms and conditions of your employment with the Company as of the Effective Date.
1. Position. Prior to the closing (the “Closing”) of the transactions contemplated by that certain Business Combination Agreement entered into on April 14, 2025, between Ares Acquisition Corporation II, the Company and certain other parties, you served in the role of Chief Operating Officer of the Company. In connection with the Closing, Ares Acquisition Corporation II, was renamed Kodiak AI, Inc. (“Parent”). Parent and its subsidiaries (including the Company) are referred to in this Agreement as the “Company Group.” Following the Closing, your employment will continue as Chief Operating Officer of the Company. This is a full-time position. While you render services to the Company Group you will not engage in any other employment, consulting or other business activity (whether full-time or part-time) without the prior approval of Parent’s Board of Directors or its designee (the “Board”). By signing this Agreement, you confirm to the Company that you have no contractual commitments or other legal obligations that would prohibit you from performing your duties for the Company Group.
2. Compensation and Benefits.
(a) Base Salary. Your rate of annual base salary following the Effective Date will continue to be $400,000 per year, less applicable withholding, which will be paid in accordance with the Company’s normal payroll procedures.
Page 1 of 6
(b) Annual Bonus Opportunity. Your annual target bonus opportunity following the Effective Date will continue to be sixty-five percent (65%) of your annual base salary (the “Target Bonus”). The Target Bonus shall be subject to review and may be adjusted based upon the Company’s normal performance review practices. Your actual bonuses shall be based upon achievement of performance objectives to be determined by the Board in its sole and absolute discretion. Bonuses will be paid as soon as practicable after the Board determines that the performance objectives related to such bonuses have been achieved, provided that you must remain an employee of the Company Group through the date a bonus is paid in order to earn such bonus.
(c) Employee Benefits. As a full-time employee, you will be eligible to participate in the Company’s standard benefit plans as in effect from time to time, on the same basis as those benefit plans are generally made available to other similarly situated executives of the Company. Such benefit plans are subject to change, and may be supplemented, altered, or eliminated, in part or entirely. Any eligibility to participate in such benefits plans, as well as the terms thereof, shall be as set forth in the governing documents for such plans, or there are no such governing documents, in the Company’s policies.
(d) Equity Awards. You will be eligible to receive compensatory equity awards, such as stock options or restricted stock unit awards, from Parent on the terms and conditions determined by the Board in its sole discretion.
(e) Expenses. You will be entitled to receive prompt reimbursement for all reasonable expenses incurred by you in the furtherance of or in connection with the performance of your duties hereunder, in accordance with the applicable policy of the Company, as in effect from time to time. In the event that any expense reimbursements are taxable to you, such reimbursements will be made in the time frame specified by Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-3(i)(1)(iv) unless another time frame that complies with or is exempt from Section 409A (as defined below) is specified in the Company’s expense reimbursement policy.
(f) Vacation. You will be entitled to paid vacation in accordance with the Company’s vacation policy, as in effect from time to time.
Page 2 of 6
3. Severance & Change of Control Benefits. In connection with executing this Agreement, you are also entering into a participation agreement under Parent’s Change in Control and Severance Policy between you and Parent (together, the “Severance Documents”), which Severance Documents shall become effective as of the Closing, subject to your continued employment through the date of the Closing, and are incorporated herein by reference. The Severance Documents supersede and replace in its entirety any prior agreement providing for severance or similar benefits entered into between you and any member of the Company Group.
4. Confidentiality Agreement. As an employee of a member of the Company Group, you have access to certain confidential information of the Company Group and you may, during the course of your employment, develop certain information or inventions that will be the property of the Company Group. You previously entered into an At-Will Employment, Confidential Information, Invention Assignment, and Arbitration Agreement with the Company which is incorporated by reference (the “Confidentiality Agreement”). The Confidentiality Agreement will remain in full force and effect.
5. At-Will Employment. You acknowledge and agree that your employment with the Company will be “at-will” employment and may be terminated at any time with or without cause or notice. You understand and agree that neither your job performance nor commendations, bonuses, or the like from the Company give rise to or in any way serve as the basis for modification, amendment, or extension, by implication or otherwise, of your employment with the Company. You further acknowledge and agree that the Company, may modify job titles, salaries and benefits from time to time as it deems necessary. However, as described in this Agreement, you may be eligible to receive severance benefits under the Severance Documents depending on the circumstances of the termination of your employment.
6. Tax Matters.
(a) Withholding. All payments made under this Agreement shall be subject to reduction to reflect taxes or other charges required to be withheld by law, and you will be solely responsible for any and all taxes arising in connection with this Agreement and compensation paid or payable to you, including but not limited to any taxes, penalties and interest, if any, arising under Section 409A.
(b) Section 409A. The Company intends that all payments and benefits provided under this Agreement or otherwise are exempt from, or comply with, the requirements of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and any final regulations and guidance thereunder and any applicable state law equivalent, as each may be amended or promulgated from time to time (“Section 409A”) so that none of the payments or benefits will be subject to the additional tax imposed under Section 409A, and any ambiguities will be interpreted to so be exempt or comply. Each payment and benefit payable under this Agreement is intended to constitute a separate payment for purposes of Section 1.409A-2(b)(2) of the Treasury Regulations.
(c) Tax Advice. You are encouraged to obtain your own tax advice regarding your compensation from the Company. You agree that the Company does not have a duty to design its compensation policies in a manner that minimizes your tax liabilities.
Page 3 of 6
7. Entire Agreement, Amendment and Enforcement. This Agreement, the Severance Documents and the Confidentiality Agreement supersede and replace any prior agreements, representations or understandings (whether written, oral, implied or otherwise) between you and the Company, and constitute the complete agreement between you and the Company regarding the subject matter set forth herein. This Agreement may not be amended or modified, except by an express written agreement signed by both you and a duly authorized officer of the Company. The validity, interpretation, construction and performance of this Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California without regard to the principles of conflict of laws thereof.
8. Miscellaneous.
(a) Arbitration. You agree that any and all controversies, claims, or disputes with anyone (including the Company and any employee, officer, director, stockholder or benefit plan of the Company in their capacity as such or otherwise) arising out of, relating to, or resulting from your service to the Company, will be subject to arbitration in accordance with the provisions of the Confidentiality Agreement.
(b) Successors. In addition to any obligations imposed by law upon any successor to the Company, the Company will require any successor (whether direct or indirect, by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all or substantially all of the business and/or assets of the Company to expressly assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Company would be required to perform it if no such succession had taken place.
(c) Validity. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Agreement, which shall remain in full force and effect.
Page 4 of 6
(d) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument.
(e) Acknowledgment. You acknowledge that you have had the opportunity to discuss this Agreement with and obtain advice from your private attorney, have had sufficient time to, and have carefully read and fully understand all the provisions of this Agreement, and are knowingly and voluntarily entering into this Agreement.
* * * * *
[Signature Page Follows]
Page 5 of 6
We are extremely excited about your continued employment with Kodiak Robotics, Inc.!
Please indicate your acceptance of this Agreement, and confirmation that it contains our complete agreement regarding the terms and conditions of your employment, by signing the bottom portion of this Agreement and returning a copy to me.
| Very truly yours, | ||
| KODIAK ROBOTICS, INC. | ||
| By: | /s/ Don Burnette | |
| Don Burnette | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
| I have read and accept this Agreement: |
| /s/ Michael Wiesinger |
| Michael Wiesinger |
| Dated: 07/18/2025 |
Page 6 of 6
Exhibit 10.9
Kodiak AI, Inc.
Change in Control and Severance Policy
This Change in Control and Severance Policy (the “Policy”) is designed to provide certain protections to a select group of key employees of Kodiak AI, Inc. (“Kodiak AI” or the “Company”) or any of its subsidiaries in connection with a change in control of Kodiak AI or in connection with the involuntary termination of their employment under the circumstances described in this Policy. The Policy is designed to be an “employee welfare benefit plan” (as defined in Section 3(1) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”)), and this document is both the formal plan document and the required summary plan description for the Policy.
Eligible Employee: An individual is only eligible for protection under this Policy if he or she is an Eligible Employee and complies with its terms (including any terms in the Eligible Employee’s Participation Agreement (as defined below)). To be an “Eligible Employee,” an employee must (a) have been designated by the Board, its designee, or an authorized committee of the Board (in either case, the “Committee”) as eligible to participate in the Policy, whether individually or by position or category of position and (b) have executed a participation agreement in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (a “Participation Agreement”).
Policy Benefits: An Eligible Employee will be eligible to receive the payments and benefits set forth in his or her Participation Agreement if his or her employment with Kodiak AI and all of its subsidiaries terminates as a result of a Qualified Termination. All benefits under this Policy and the Participation Agreement will be subject to the Eligible Employee’s compliance with the Release Requirement and any timing modifications required to avoid adverse taxation under Section 409A.
Death of Eligible Employee: If the Eligible Employee dies before all payments or benefits he or she is entitled to receive have been paid, such unpaid amounts will be paid to his or her designated beneficiary, if living, or otherwise to his or her personal representative in a lump-sum payment as soon as possible following his or her death.
Forfeiture/Clawback: If the Company discovers after the Eligible Employee’s receipt of payments or benefits under this Policy that grounds for the termination of the Eligible Employee’s employment for Cause existed, then the Eligible Employee will cease receiving any further payments or benefits under this Policy and, to the extent permitted under applicable laws, will be required to repay to the Company any payments or benefits he or she received under the Policy (or any financial gain derived from such payments or benefits). Additionally, to the extent that any payments or benefits under this Policy would be subject to recovery under the Company’s compensation recovery (clawback) policy, that policy will not be superseded by this Policy.
Release: The Eligible Employee’s receipt of any severance payments or benefits under this Policy is subject to the Eligible Employee signing and not revoking the Company’s then-standard separation agreement and release of claims (which may include an agreement not to disparage the Company, non-solicit provisions, and other standard terms and conditions) (the “Release” and such requirement, the “Release Requirement”), which must become effective and irrevocable no later than the 60th day following the Eligible Employee’s Qualified Termination (the “Release
Deadline”). If the Release does not become effective and irrevocable by the Release Deadline, the Eligible Employee will forfeit any right to severance payments or benefits under this Policy. In no event will severance payments or benefits under the Policy be paid or provided until the Release actually becomes effective and irrevocable. Notwithstanding any other payment schedule set forth in this Policy or the Eligible Employee’s Participation Agreement, none of the severance payments and benefits payable upon such Eligible Employee’s Qualified Termination under this Policy will be paid or otherwise provided prior to the 60th day following the Eligible Employee’s Qualified Termination. Except as otherwise set forth in an Eligible Employee’s Participation Agreement or to the extent that payments are delayed under the paragraph below entitled “Section 409A,” on the first regular payroll pay day following the 60th day following the Eligible Employee’s Qualified Termination, the Company will pay or provide the Eligible Employee the severance payments and benefits that the Eligible Employee would otherwise have received under this Policy on or prior to such date, with the balance of such severance payments and benefits being paid or provided as originally scheduled.
Section 409A: The Company intends that all payments and benefits provided under this Policy or otherwise are exempt from, or comply with, the requirements of Section 409A of the Code and any guidance promulgated thereunder (collectively, “Section 409A”) so that none of the payments or benefits will be subject to the additional tax imposed under Section 409A, and any ambiguities herein will be interpreted in accordance with this intent. No payment or benefits to be paid to an Eligible Employee, if any, under this Policy or otherwise, when considered together with any other severance payments or separation benefits that are considered deferred compensation under Section 409A (together, the “Deferred Payments”) will be paid or otherwise provided until such Eligible Employee has a “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A. If, at the time of the Eligible Employee’s termination of employment, the Eligible Employee is a “specified employee” within the meaning of Section 409A, then the payment of the Deferred Payments will be delayed to the extent necessary to avoid the imposition of the additional tax imposed under Section 409A, which generally means that the Eligible Employee will receive payment on the first payroll date that occurs on or after the date that is 6 months and 1 day following his or her termination of employment. The Company reserves the right to amend the Policy as it deems necessary or advisable, in its sole discretion and without the consent of any Eligible Employee or any other individual, to comply with any provision required to avoid the imposition of the additional tax imposed under Section 409A or to otherwise avoid income recognition under Section 409A prior to the actual payment of any benefits or imposition of any additional tax. Each payment, installment, and benefit payable under this Policy is intended to constitute a separate payment for purposes of U.S. Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-2(b)(2). In no event will the Company reimburse any Eligible Employee for any taxes that may be imposed on him or her as a result of Section 409A.
Parachute Payments:
Reduction of Severance Benefits. Notwithstanding anything set forth herein to the contrary, if any payment or benefit that an Eligible Employee would receive from the Company or any other party whether in connection with the provisions herein or otherwise (the “Payment”) would (a) constitute a “parachute payment” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Code, and (b) but for this sentence, be subject to the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code (the “Excise Tax”), then such Payment will be equal
2
to the Best Results Amount. The “Best Results Amount” will be either (x) the full amount of such Payment or (y) such lesser amount as would result in no portion of the Payment being subject to the Excise Tax, whichever of the foregoing amounts, taking into account the applicable federal, state and local employment taxes, income taxes and the Excise Tax, results in the Eligible Employee’s receipt, on an after-tax basis, of the greater amount notwithstanding that all or some portion of the Payment may be subject to the Excise Tax. If a reduction in payments or benefits constituting parachute payments is necessary so that the Payment equals the Best Results Amount, reduction will occur in the following order: reduction of cash payments; cancellation of accelerated vesting of stock awards; reduction of employee benefits. In the event that acceleration of vesting of stock award compensation is to be reduced, such acceleration of vesting will be cancelled in the reverse order of the date of grant of the Eligible Employee’s Equity Awards unless the Eligible Employee elects in writing a different order for cancellation. The Eligible Employee will be solely responsible for the payment of all personal tax liability that is incurred as a result of the payments and benefits received under this Policy, and the Eligible Employee will not be reimbursed by the Company for any such payments.
Determination of Excise Tax Liability. The Company will select a professional services firm to make all of the determinations required to be made under these paragraphs relating to parachute payments. The Company will request that firm provide detailed supporting calculations both to the Company and the Eligible Employee prior to the date on which the event that triggers the Payment occurs if administratively feasible, or subsequent to such date if events occur that result in parachute payments to the Eligible Employee at that time. For purposes of making the calculations required under these paragraphs relating to parachute payments, the firm may make reasonable assumptions and approximations concerning applicable taxes and may rely on reasonable, good faith determinations concerning the application of the Code. The Company and the Eligible Employee will furnish to the firm such information and documents as the firm may reasonably request in order to make a determination under these paragraphs relating to parachute payments. The Company will bear all costs the firm may reasonably incur in connection with any calculations contemplated by these paragraphs relating to parachute payments. Any such determination by the firm will be binding upon the Company and the Eligible Employee, and the Company will have no liability to the Eligible Employee for the determinations of the firm.
Administration: The Policy will be administered by the Committee or its delegate (in each case, an “Administrator”). The Administrator will have full discretion to administer and interpret the Policy. Any decision made or other action taken by the Administrator with respect to the Policy and any interpretation by the Administrator of any term or condition of the Policy, or any related document, will be conclusive and binding on all persons and be given the maximum possible deference allowed by law. The Administrator is the “plan administrator” of the Policy for purposes of ERISA and will be subject to the fiduciary standards of ERISA when acting in such capacity.
Attorneys’ Fees: The Company and each Eligible Employee will bear their own attorneys’ fees incurred in connection with any disputes between them.
3
Exclusive Benefits: Except as may be set forth in an Eligible Employee’s Participation Agreement, this Policy is intended to be the only agreement between the Eligible Employee and the Company regarding any change of control or severance payments or benefits to be paid to the Eligible Employee on account of a termination of employment whether unrelated to, concurrent with, or following, a Change in Control. Accordingly, by executing a Participation Agreement, an Eligible Employee hereby forfeits and waives any rights to any severance or change of control benefits set forth in any employment agreement, offer letter, and/or Equity Award agreement, except as set forth in this Policy and in the Eligible Employee’s Participation Agreement.
Tax Withholding: All payments and benefits under this Policy will be paid less applicable withholding taxes. The Company is authorized to withhold from any payments or benefits all federal, state, local and/or foreign taxes required to be withheld therefrom and any other required payroll deductions. The Company will not pay any Eligible Employee’s taxes arising from or relating to any payments or benefits under this Policy.
Amendment or Termination: The Committee may amend or terminate the Policy at any time, without advance notice to any Eligible Employee or other individual and without regard to the effect of the amendment or termination on any Eligible Employee or on any other individual; provided, however, that any amendment of the Policy that is adverse to an Eligible Employee will not be effective with respect to such Eligible Employee without such Eligible Employee’s prior written consent. Any action to amend or terminate the Policy will be taken in a non-fiduciary capacity.
Claims Procedure: Any Eligible Employee who believes he or she is entitled to any payment under the Policy may submit a claim in writing to the Administrator. If the claim is denied (in full or in part), the claimant will be provided a written notice explaining the specific reasons for the denial and referring to the provisions of the Policy on which the denial is based. The notice will also describe any additional information needed to support the claim and the Policy’s procedures for appealing the denial. The denial notice will be provided within 90 days after the claim is received. If special circumstances require an extension of time (up to 90 days), written notice of the extension will be given within the initial 90-day period. This notice of extension will indicate the special circumstances requiring the extension of time and the date by which the Administrator expects to render its decision on the claim.
Appeal Procedure: If the claimant’s claim is denied, the claimant (or his or her authorized representative) may apply in writing to the Administrator for a review of the decision denying the claim. Review must be requested within 60 days following the date the claimant received the written notice of their claim denial or else the claimant loses the right to review. The claimant (or representative) then has the right to review and obtain copies of all documents and other information relevant to the claim, upon request and at no charge, and to submit issues and comments in writing. The Administrator will provide written notice of the decision on review within 60 days after it receives a review request. If additional time (up to 60 days) is needed to review the request, the claimant (or representative) will be given written notice of the reason for the delay. This notice of extension will indicate the special circumstances requiring the extension of time and the date by which the Administrator expects to render its decision. If the claim is denied (in full or in part), the claimant will be provided a written notice explaining the specific reasons for the denial and referring to the provisions of the Policy on which the denial is based. The notice will also include a statement that the claimant will be provided, upon request and free of charge, reasonable access to, and copies of, all documents and other information relevant to the claim and a statement regarding the claimant’s right to bring an action under Section 502(a) of ERISA.
4
Successors: Any successor to the Company of all or substantially all of the Company’s business and/or assets (whether direct or indirect and whether by purchase, merger, consolidation, liquidation or other transaction) will assume the obligations under the Policy and agree expressly to perform the obligations under the Policy in the same manner and to the same extent as the Company would be required to perform such obligations in the absence of a succession. For all purposes under the Policy, the term “Company” will include any successor to the Company’s business and/or assets which becomes bound by the terms of the Policy by operation of law, or otherwise.
Applicable Law: The provisions of the Policy will be construed, administered, and enforced in accordance with ERISA and, to the extent applicable, the internal substantive laws of the state of California (but not its conflict of laws provisions).
Definitions: Unless otherwise defined in an Eligible Employee’s Participation Agreement, the following terms will have the following meanings for purposes of this Policy and the Eligible Employee’s Participation Agreement:
“Annual Bonus” mean the Eligible Employee’s target annual incentive under the Company’s annual incentive plan as established for the year in which a Qualified Termination occurs.
“Base Salary” means the greater of: Eligible Employee’s annual base salary as in effect immediately prior to (a) such Eligible Employee’s Qualified Termination (or if the termination is due to a resignation for Good Reason based on a material reduction in base salary, then the Eligible Employee’s annual base salary in effect immediately prior to such reduction) or (b) the Change in Control.
“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.
“Cause” means the occurrence of any of the following as determined in good faith by the Administrator: (a) the Eligible Employee’s repeated failure, in the reasonable judgment of the Board, to substantially perform his or her assigned duties or responsibilities as a service provider as directed or assigned by the Board (other than a failure resulting from the Eligible Employee’s Disability) after written notice thereof from the Board to the Eligible Employee describing in reasonable detail the Eligible Employee’s failure to perform such duties or responsibilities and the Eligible Employee having had the opportunity to address the Board, with counsel, regarding such alleged failures and his or her failure to remedy the same within 30 days of receiving written notice; (b) the Eligible Employee engaging in knowing and intentional illegal conduct, or any act of dishonesty that involves the Company or any of its subsidiaries, that was or is materially injurious to the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (c) the Eligible Employee’s violation of a federal or state law or regulation directly or indirectly applicable to the business of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, which violation was or is reasonably likely to be injurious to the Company or any of its subsidiaries; (d) the Eligible Employee’s material breach of the terms of any confidentiality agreement or invention assignment agreement between the Eligible
5
Employee and the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or the willful, material breach by the Eligible Employee of the terms of any other non-disclosure obligation owed to the Company or any of its subsidiaries; or (e) the Eligible Employee being convicted of, or entering a plea of nolo contendere to, a felony or committing any act of moral turpitude, dishonesty or fraud against, or the misappropriation of material property belonging to, the Company or any of its subsidiaries.
“Change in Control” means the occurrence of any of the following events:
| (a) | Change in Ownership of the Company. A change in the ownership of the Company which occurs on the date that any one person, or more than one person acting as a group (“Person”), acquires ownership of the stock of the Company that, together with the stock held by such Person, constitutes more than 50% of the total voting power of the stock of the Company; provided, however, that for purposes of this subsection (a), the acquisition of additional stock by any one Person, who is considered to own more than 50% of the total voting power of the stock of the Company prior to such additional acquisition, will not be considered a Change in Control; provided, further, that any change in the ownership of the stock of the Company as a result of a capital raising transaction of the Company that is approved by the Board also will not be considered a Change in Control. Further, if the stockholders of the Company immediately before such change in ownership continue to retain immediately after the change in ownership, in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of shares of the Company’s voting stock immediately prior to the change in ownership, direct or indirect beneficial ownership of 50% or more of the total voting power of the stock of the Company or of the ultimate parent entity of the Company, such event will not be considered a Change in Control under this subsection (a). For this purpose, indirect beneficial ownership will include, without limitation, an interest resulting from ownership of the voting securities of one or more corporations or other business entities which own the Company, as the case may be, either directly or through one or more subsidiary corporations or other business entities; or |
| (b) | Change in Effective Control of the Company. If the Company has a class of securities registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act, a change in the effective control of the Company which occurs on the date that a majority of members of the Board is replaced during any 12 month period by directors whose appointment or election is not endorsed by a majority of the members of the Board prior to the date of the appointment or election. For purposes of this subsection (b), if any Person is considered to be in effective control of the Company, the acquisition of additional control of the Company by the same Person will not be considered a Change in Control; or |
| (c) | Change in Ownership of a Substantial Portion of the Company’s Assets. A change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets which occurs on the date that any Person acquires (or has acquired during the 12 month period ending on the date of the most recent acquisition by such Person or Persons) assets from the Company that have a total gross fair market value equal to or more than 50% of the total gross fair market value of all of the assets of the Company |
6
| immediately prior to such acquisition or acquisitions; provided, however, that for purposes of this subsection (c), the following will not constitute a change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the Company’s assets: (i) a transfer to an entity that is controlled by the Company’s stockholders immediately after the transfer, or (ii) a transfer of assets by the Company to: (A) a stockholder of the Company (immediately before the asset transfer) in exchange for or with respect to the Company’s stock, (B) an entity, 50% or more of the total value or voting power of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company, (C) a Person, that owns, directly or indirectly, 50% or more of the total value or voting power of all the outstanding stock of the Company, or (D) an entity, at least 50% of the total value or voting power of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by a Person described in this subsection (c)(ii)(C). For purposes of this subsection (c), gross fair market value means the value of the assets of the Company, or the value of the assets being disposed of, determined without regard to any liabilities associated with such assets. |
For purposes of this definition, persons will be considered to be acting as a group if they are owners of a corporation that enters into a merger, consolidation, purchase or acquisition of stock, or similar business transaction with the Company.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, a transaction will not be deemed a Change in Control unless the transaction qualifies as a change in control event within the meaning of Section 409A (as defined below).
Further and for purposes of clarity, a transaction will not constitute a Change in Control if: (x) its primary purpose is to change the jurisdiction of the Company’s incorporation, or (y) its primary purpose is to create a holding company that will be owned in substantially the same proportions by the persons who held the Company’s securities immediately before such transaction.
“Change in Control Period” will mean the period beginning 3 months prior to a Change in Control and ending 12 months following the Change in Control.
“COBRA” means the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985, as amended.
“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“Disability” means the Eligible Employee (a) is unable to engage in any substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to result in death or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, or (b) is, by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment which can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months, receiving income replacement benefits for a period of not less than 3 months under an accident and health plan covering Company employees.
“Equity Award” means, unless otherwise specified in an Eligible Employee’s Participation Agreement, any equity compensation award covering shares of the Company’s common stock that was issued to the Eligible Employee.
7
“Exchange Act” means the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Good Reason” means the termination of the Eligible Employee’s employment with the Company or any of its subsidiaries by the Eligible Employee in accordance with the next sentence after the occurrence of one or more of the following events without the Eligible Employee’s express written consent: (a) a material diminution in the Eligible Employee’s position or responsibilities with the or any of its subsidiaries in effect immediately prior to such assignment, or the Eligible Employee’s removal from such position and responsibilities; (b) a material reduction in the Eligible Employee’s Base Salary as in effect immediately prior to such reduction, unless such reduction is no more than 15% and part of a Company-wide reduction for similarly situated employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, as applicable; and (c) a material change in the principal geographic location at which the Eligible Employee must perform services for the Company or any of its subsidiaries, as applicable (for purposes of this Agreement a relocation to a facility or a location that would not increase the Eligible Employee’s one-way commute distance by more than 50 miles from the Eligible Employee’s then principal residence shall not be considered a material change in geographic location).
In order for the termination of the Eligible Employee’s employment to be for Good Reason, the Eligible Employee must not terminate employment without first providing written notice to the Company of the acts or omissions constituting the grounds for “Good Reason” within 90 days of the initial existence of the grounds for “Good Reason” and a cure period of 30 days following the date of written notice (the “Cure Period”), the grounds must not have been cured during that time, and the Eligible Employee must terminate employment within 30 days following the Cure Period.
“Qualified Termination” has the meaning set forth in the Eligible Employee’s Participation Agreement.
“Transactions” means the transactions contemplated by that certain Business Combination Agreement entered into on April 14, 2025, between the Company, and Kodiak Robotics, Inc. and certain other parties.
Additional Information:
| Plan Name: | Kodiak AI, Inc. Change in Control and Severance Policy | |
| Plan Sponsor: | Kodiak AI, Inc. 1045 Terra Bell Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Identification Numbers: | 501 | |
| Plan Year: | Company’s Fiscal Year | |
| Plan Administrator: | Kodiak AI, Inc. | |
8
| Attention: Chief Legal Officer 1045 Terra Bell Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 | ||
| Agent for Service of Legal Process: | Kodiak AI, Inc. Attention: Chief Legal Officer 1045 Terra Bell Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 | |
| Type of Plan: | Severance Plan/Employee Welfare Benefit Plan | |
| Plan Costs: | The cost of the Policy is paid by the Company | |
Statement of ERISA Rights:
Eligible Employees have certain rights and protections under ERISA:
They may examine (without charge) all Policy documents, including any amendments and copies of all documents filed with the U.S. Department of Labor, such as the Policy’s annual report (Internal Revenue Service Form 5500). These documents are available for review in the Company’s Human Resources Department.
They may obtain copies of all Policy documents and other Policy information upon written request to the Plan Administrator. A reasonable charge may be made for such copies.
In addition to creating rights for Eligible Employees, ERISA imposes duties upon the people who are responsible for the operation of the Policy. The people who operate the Policy (called “fiduciaries”) have a duty to do so prudently and in the interests of Eligible Employees. No one, including the Company or any other person, may fire or otherwise discriminate against an Eligible Employee in any way to prevent them from obtaining a benefit under the Policy or exercising rights under ERISA. If an Eligible Employee’s claim for a severance benefit is denied, in whole or in part, they must receive a written explanation of the reason for the denial. An Eligible Employee has the right to have the denial of their claim reviewed. (The claim review procedure is explained above.)
Under ERISA, there are steps Eligible Employees can take to enforce the above rights. For instance, if an Eligible Employee requests materials and does not receive them within 30 days, they may file suit in a federal court. In such a case, the court may require the Administrator to provide the materials and to pay the Eligible Employee up to $110 a day until they receive the materials, unless the materials were not sent because of reasons beyond the control of the Plan Administrator. If an Eligible Employee has a claim which is denied or ignored, in whole or in part, he or she may file suit in a state or federal court. If it should happen that an Eligible Employee is discriminated against for asserting their rights, he or she may seek assistance from the U.S. Department of Labor, or may file suit in a federal court.
9
In any case, the court will decide who will pay court costs and legal fees. If the Eligible Employee is successful, the court may order the person sued to pay these costs and fees. If the Eligible Employee loses, the court may order the Eligible Employee to pay these costs and fees, for example, if it finds that the claim is frivolous.
If an Eligible Employee has any questions regarding the Policy, please contact the Plan Administrator. If an Eligible Employee has any questions about this statement or about their rights under ERISA, they may contact the nearest area office of the Employee Benefits Security Administration (formerly the Pension and Welfare Benefits Administration), U.S. Department of Labor, listed in the telephone directory, or the Division of Technical Assistance and Inquiries, Employee Benefits Security Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20210. An Eligible Employee may also obtain certain publications about their rights and responsibilities under ERISA by calling the publications hotline of the Employee Benefits Security Administration.
10
Tier 1 - CEO
EXHIBIT A
Change in Control and Severance Policy
Participation Agreement
This Participation Agreement (“Agreement”) is made and entered into by and between ______ on the one hand, and Kodiak AI, Inc. (the “Company”) on the other and shall be effective upon the later of its execution by both such parties, Board approval of the Policy, or the closing of the Transactions.
You have been designated as eligible to participate in the Policy, a copy of which is attached hereto, under which you are eligible to receive the following severance payments and benefits upon a Qualified Termination, subject to the terms and conditions of the Policy.
CIC Qualified Termination. Upon your CIC Qualified Termination, you will be entitled to the following benefits, subject to your compliance with the Policy:
• Equity Vesting: 100% of the then-unvested shares subject to each of your then-outstanding Equity Awards will immediately vest and, in the case of options and stock appreciation rights, will become exercisable (for avoidance of doubt, no more than 100% of the shares subject to the outstanding portion of an Equity Award may vest and become exercisable under this provision). In the case of Equity Awards with performance-based vesting, unless otherwise determined by the Company and set forth in your Equity Award agreement, all performance goals and other vesting criteria will be deemed achieved at 100% of target levels. Any restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units, and similar full value awards that vest under this paragraph will be settled on the 61st day following your CIC Qualified Termination.
• Salary and Bonus Severance: You will be eligible to receive a single cash payment equal to the sum of (a) 150% of your Base Salary and (b) the then pro rata portion of your Annual Bonus for the year of termination. This payment will be made in a single lump sum on the 61st day following your Qualified Termination.
• COBRA Benefit: Upon a Qualified Termination, if you make a valid election under COBRA to continue your health coverage, the Company will pay or reimburse you for the cost of such continuation coverage for you and any of your eligible dependents that were covered under the Company’s health care plans immediately prior to the date of such Qualified Termination until the earliest of (a) the end of the 18-month period following your Qualified Termination or (b) the date upon which you and/or your eligible dependents become covered under similar plans or (c) the date upon which you cease to be eligible for coverage under COBRA (the “COBRA Coverage”). Notwithstanding the preceding, if the Company determines in its sole discretion that it cannot provide the COBRA Coverage without potentially violating applicable law (including, without limitation, Section 2716 of the Public Health Service Act), the Company will instead provide you a taxable lump-sum payment on the 61st day following your Qualified Termination, in an amount equal to 18 months of COBRA Coverage multiplied by the monthly COBRA premium that you would be required to pay to continue group health coverage for you and your eligible dependents, in each case, in effect on the date of the Qualified Termination based on the premium for the first
A-1
Tier 1 - CEO
month of COBRA coverage (whichever of such taxable payments or the COBRA Coverage that the Company actually provides, the “COBRA Benefit”). If the Company provides for a taxable cash payment in lieu of the COBRA Coverage, then such cash payment will be made regardless of whether you elect COBRA continuation coverage and such payment will be made in full on the 61st day following your Qualified Termination.
Non-CIC Qualified Termination. Upon your Non-CIC Qualified Termination, you will be entitled to the following benefits, subject to your compliance with the Policy.
• Salary Severance: You will be eligible to receive a single cash payment equal to 100% of your Base Salary. This payment will be made in a single lump sum on the 61st day following your Qualified Termination.
• COBRA Benefit: Upon a Qualified Termination, if you make a valid election under COBRA to continue your health coverage, the Company will pay or reimburse you for the cost of such continuation coverage for you and any of your eligible dependents that were covered under the Company’s health care plans immediately prior to the date of such Qualified Termination until the earliest of (a) the end of the 12-month period following your Qualified Termination or (b) the date upon which you and/or your eligible dependents become covered under similar plans or (c) the date upon which you cease to be eligible for coverage under COBRA (the “Non-CIC COBRA Coverage”). Notwithstanding the preceding, if the Company determines in its sole discretion that it cannot provide the COBRA Coverage without potentially violating applicable law (including, without limitation, Section 2716 of the Public Health Service Act), the Company will instead provide you a taxable lump-sum payment on the 61st day following your Qualified Termination, in an amount equal to 12 months of COBRA Coverage multiplied by the monthly COBRA premium that you would be required to pay to continue group health coverage for you and your eligible dependents, in each case, in effect on the date of the Qualified Termination based on the premium for the first month of COBRA coverage (whichever of such taxable payments or the Non-CIC COBRA Coverage that the Company actually provides, the “Non-CIC COBRA Benefit”). If the Company provides for a taxable cash payment in lieu of the Non-CIC COBRA Coverage, then such cash payment will be made regardless of whether you elect COBRA continuation coverage, and such payment will be made in full on the 61st day following your Qualified Termination.
Definitions
“Qualified Termination” means either (i) a termination of your employment by the Company (or any of its subsidiaries) other than for Cause, death, or Disability or by you for Good Reason, in either case, during the Change in Control Period (a “CIC Qualified Termination”) or (ii) a termination of your employment by the Company (or any of its subsidiaries) other than for Cause, death, or Disability or by you for Good Reason outside the Change in Control Period (a “Non-CIC Qualified Termination”).
A-2
Tier 1 - CEO
Term of Agreement
This Agreement will have an initial term of 3 years commencing on the date it becomes effective (the “Effective Date” and such term, the “Initial Term”). On the 3-year anniversary of the Effective Date, this Agreement will renew automatically for additional, 1 year terms (each, an “Additional Term”) unless either party provides the other party with written notice of nonrenewal at least 90 days prior to the date of automatic renewal. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a Change in Control occurs (a) when there are fewer than 12 months remaining during the Initial Term or (b) during an Additional Term, then the term of this Agreement will extend automatically through the date that is 12 months following the date of the Change in Control. If you become entitled to the benefits under this Agreement, then the Agreement will not terminate until all of the obligations of the parties hereto with respect to this Agreement have been satisfied.
Other Provisions
You agree that the Policy and the Agreement constitute the entire agreement of the parties hereto and supersede in their entirety all prior representations, understandings, undertakings or agreements (whether oral or written and whether expressed or implied) of the parties and will specifically supersede any severance and/or change of control provisions of any offer letter, employment agreement, or Equity Award agreement entered into between you and the Company.
This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument.
By its signature below, each of the parties signifies its acceptance of the terms of this Agreement, in the case of the Company by its duly authorized officer effective as of the last date set forth below.
| KODIAK AI, INC. | ELIGIBLE EMPLOYEE | |||||
| By: | Signature: | |||||
| Date: | Date: | |||||
A-3
Tier 2 - Leadership Team
EXHIBIT A
Change in Control and Severance Policy
Participation Agreement
This Participation Agreement (“Agreement”) is made and entered into by and between ______ on the one hand, and Kodiak AI, Inc. (the “Company”) on the other and shall be effective upon the later of its execution by both such parties, Board approval of the Policy, or the closing of the Transactions.
You have been designated as eligible to participate in the Policy, a copy of which is attached hereto, under which you are eligible to receive the following severance payments and benefits upon a Qualified Termination, subject to the terms and conditions of the Policy.
CIC Qualified Termination. Upon your CIC Qualified Termination, you will be entitled to the following benefits, subject to your compliance with the Policy:
• Equity Vesting: 100% of the then-unvested shares subject to each of your then-outstanding Equity Awards will immediately vest and, in the case of options and stock appreciation rights, will become exercisable (for avoidance of doubt, no more than 100% of the shares subject to the outstanding portion of an Equity Award may vest and become exercisable under this provision). In the case of Equity Awards with performance-based vesting, unless otherwise determined by the Company and set forth in your Equity Award agreement, all performance goals and other vesting criteria will be deemed achieved at 100% of target levels. Any restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units, and similar full value awards that vest under this paragraph will be settled on the 61st day following your CIC Qualified Termination.
• Salary and Bonus Severance: You will be eligible to receive a single cash payment equal to the sum of (a) 100% of your Base Salary and (b) the then pro rata portion of your Annual Bonus for the year of termination. This payment will be made in a single lump sum on the 61st day following your Qualified Termination.
• COBRA Benefit: Upon a Qualified Termination, if you make a valid election under COBRA to continue your health coverage, the Company will pay or reimburse you for the cost of such continuation coverage for you and any of your eligible dependents that were covered under the Company’s health care plans immediately prior to the date of such Qualified Termination until the earliest of (a) the end of the 12-month period following your Qualified Termination or (b) the date upon which you and/or your eligible dependents become covered under similar plans or (c) the date upon which you cease to be eligible for coverage under COBRA (the “COBRA Coverage”). Notwithstanding the preceding, if the Company determines in its sole discretion that it cannot provide the COBRA Coverage without potentially violating applicable law (including, without limitation, Section 2716 of the Public Health Service Act), the Company will instead provide you a taxable lump-sum payment on the 61st day following your Qualified Termination, in an amount equal to 12 months of COBRA Coverage multiplied by the monthly COBRA premium that you would be required to pay to continue group health coverage for you and your eligible dependents, in each case, in effect on the date of the Qualified Termination based on the premium for the first
A-1
Tier 2 - Leadership Team
month of COBRA coverage (whichever of such taxable payments or the COBRA Coverage that the Company actually provides, the “COBRA Benefit”). If the Company provides for a taxable cash payment in lieu of the COBRA Coverage, then such cash payment will be made regardless of whether you elect COBRA continuation coverage and such payment will be made in full on the 61st day following your Qualified Termination.
Non-CIC Qualified Termination. Upon your Non-CIC Qualified Termination, you will be entitled to the following benefits, subject to your compliance with the Policy.
• Salary Severance: You will be eligible to receive a single cash payment equal to 50% of your Base Salary. This payment will be made in a single lump sum on the 61st day following your Qualified Termination.
• COBRA Benefit: Upon a Qualified Termination, if you make a valid election under COBRA to continue your health coverage, the Company will pay or reimburse you for the cost of such continuation coverage for you and any of your eligible dependents that were covered under the Company’s health care plans immediately prior to the date of such Qualified Termination until the earliest of (a) the end of the 6-month period following your Qualified Termination or (b) the date upon which you and/or your eligible dependents become covered under similar plans or (c) the date upon which you cease to be eligible for coverage under COBRA (the “Non-CIC COBRA Coverage”). Notwithstanding the preceding, if the Company determines in its sole discretion that it cannot provide the COBRA Coverage without potentially violating applicable law (including, without limitation, Section 2716 of the Public Health Service Act), the Company will instead provide you a taxable lump-sum payment on the 61st day following your Qualified Termination, in an amount equal to 6 months of COBRA Coverage multiplied by the monthly COBRA premium that you would be required to pay to continue group health coverage for you and your eligible dependents, in each case, in effect on the date of the Qualified Termination based on the premium for the first month of COBRA coverage (whichever of such taxable payments or the Non-CIC COBRA Coverage that the Company actually provides, the “Non-CIC COBRA Benefit”). If the Company provides for a taxable cash payment in lieu of the Non-CIC COBRA Coverage, then such cash payment will be made regardless of whether you elect COBRA continuation coverage, and such payment will be made in full on the 61st day following your Qualified Termination.
Definitions
“Qualified Termination” means either (i) a termination of your employment by the Company (or any of its subsidiaries) other than for Cause, death, or Disability or by you for Good Reason, in either case, during the Change in Control Period (a “CIC Qualified Termination”) or (ii) a termination of your employment by the Company (or any of its subsidiaries) other than for Cause, death, or Disability or by you for Good Reason outside the Change in Control Period (a “Non-CIC Qualified Termination”).
Term of Agreement
This Agreement will have an initial term of 3 years commencing on the date it becomes effective (the “Effective Date” and such term, the “Initial Term”). On the 3-year anniversary of the Effective Date, this Agreement will renew automatically for additional, 1 year terms (each, an
A-2
Tier 2 - Leadership Team
“Additional Term”) unless either party provides the other party with written notice of nonrenewal at least 90 days prior to the date of automatic renewal. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a Change in Control occurs (a) when there are fewer than 12 months remaining during the Initial Term or (b) during an Additional Term, then the term of this Agreement will extend automatically through the date that is 12 months following the date of the Change in Control. If you become entitled to the benefits under this Agreement, then the Agreement will not terminate until all of the obligations of the parties hereto with respect to this Agreement have been satisfied.
Other Provisions
You agree that the Policy and the Agreement constitute the entire agreement of the parties hereto and supersede in their entirety all prior representations, understandings, undertakings or agreements (whether oral or written and whether expressed or implied) of the parties and will specifically supersede any severance and/or change of control provisions of any offer letter, employment agreement, or Equity Award agreement entered into between you and the Company.
This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, but all of which together will constitute one and the same instrument.
By its signature below, each of the parties signifies its acceptance of the terms of this Agreement, in the case of the Company by its duly authorized officer effective as of the last date set forth below.
| KODIAK AI, INC. | ELIGIBLE EMPLOYEE | |||||
| By: | Signature: | |||||
| Date: | Date: | |||||
A-3
Exhibit 23.3
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We hereby consent to the use in the proxy statement/prospectus of Ares Acquisition Corporation II and Kodiak Robotics, Inc. (the “Prospectus”) constituting a part of this Registration Statement on Amendment No. 2 to Form S-4 of our report dated March 12, 2025, relating to the financial statements of Ares Acquisition Corporation II as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 and for the years then ended, which includes an explanatory paragraph relating to Ares Acquisition Corporation II’s ability to continue as a going concern, and is contained in the Prospectus. We also consent to the reference to us under the caption “Experts” in the Prospectus.
/s/ WithumSmith+Brown, PC
New York, New York
July 25, 2025
Exhibit 23.4
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” and to the use of our report dated May 14, 2025, with respect to the financial statements of Kodiak Robotics, Inc. included in the proxy statement/prospectus of Ares Acquisition Corporation II and Kodiak Robotics, Inc. that is made a part of Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-4 and related Prospectus of Ares Acquisition Corporation II and Kodiak Robotics, Inc. for the registration of shares of common stock and warrants to purchase shares of common stock.
| /s/ Ernst & Young LLP |
| San Jose, CA |
| July 25, 2025 |
Exhibit 23.5
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We consent to the use in this Amendment to Registration Statement No. 333-287278 on Form S-4 of our report dated May 14, 2025, relating to the financial statements of Kodiak Robotics, Inc. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
San Jose, California
July 25, 2025
Exhibit 24.2
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL BY THESE PRESENT, that the undersigned constitutes and appoints Don Burnette and Jordan Coleman, each of them, such person’s true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and revocation, for such person and in such person’s name, place and stead, in all capacities, to execute all amendments including any post-effective amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement of Ares Acquisition Corporation II and Kodiak Robotics, Inc. on Form S-4 (File No. 333-287278) (the “Registration Statement”) and any additional registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) and to file the same, with all exhibits attached to such post-effective amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement, and any additional registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b), and other documents in connection with such post-effective amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement, and any additional registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b), with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done, as fully to all intents and purposes as such person might or could do in person, ratifying and confirming all that said attorney-in-fact and agent, or such person substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
| /s/ Mohamed Elshenawy | July 21, 2025 | |||
| Mohamed Elshenawy | Director | Date |
Exhibit 99.1
PRELIMINARY PROXY CARD — SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
YOUR VOTE IS IMPORTANT. PLEASE AUTHORIZE YOUR PROXY TODAY.
Authorize your proxy by Internet — Quick ★★★ EASY
IMMEDIATE—24 Hours a Day, 7 Days a Week or by Mail
| ARES ACQUISITION CORPORATION II |
Your Internet authorization authorizes the named proxies to vote your shares in the same manner as if you marked, signed and returned your proxy card. Authorizations submitted electronically over the Internet must be received by 11:59 p.m., Eastern Time, on , 2025. | |||||
|
INTERNET –— www.cstproxyvote.com/ Use the Internet to authorize your proxy. Have your proxy card available when you access the above website. Follow the prompts to authorize the vote of your shares. | |||||
|
Vote at the meeting — To attend: https://www.cstproxy.com/aresacquisitioncorporationii/egm2025
| |||||
| PLEASE DO NOT RETURN THE PROXY CARE IF YOU ARE AUTHORIZING YOUR PROXY ELECTRONICALLY. |
|
MAIL — Mark, sign and date your proxy card and return it in the postage-paid envelope provided. | ||||
pFOLD HERE—DO NOT SEPARATE—INSERT IN ENVELOPE PROVIDEDp
Important Notice Regarding the Internet Availability of
Proxy Materials for the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders
to be held on , 2025
To view the Notice and Proxy Statement/Prospectus and to attend the Extraordinary General
Meeting of Shareholders, please go to:
https://www.cstproxy.com/aresacquisitioncorporationii/egm2025
THIS PROXY IS SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF
ARES ACQUISITION CORPORATION II
The undersigned appoints Allyson Satin and Peter Ogilvie, and each of them as proxies, each with the power to appoint a substitute, and authorizes each of them to represent and to vote, as designed on the reverse hereof, all of the ordinary shares of Ares Acquisition Corporation II (“AACT”) held of record by the undersigned at the close of business on , 2025 at the Extraordinary General Meeting of Shareholders (the “Extraordinary General Meeting”) of AACT to be held on ,2025 at a.m. Eastern Time, or at any adjournment thereof.
THIS PROXY WHEN PROPERLY EXECUTED WILL BE VOTED AS INDICATED. IF NO CONTRARY INDICATION IS MADE, THE PROXY WILL BE VOTED IN FAVOR OF PROPOSAL 1, PROPOSAL 2, PROPOSAL 3, PROPOSAL 4, PROPOSAL 5A, PROPOSAL 5B, PROPOSAL 5C, PROPOSAL 5D, PROPOSAL 5E, PROPOSAL 6, PROPOSAL 7, PROPOSAL 8, AND PROPOSAL 9, AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE JUDGEMENT OF THE PERSONS NAMED AS PROXY HEREIN, ON ANY OTHER MATTERS THAT MAY PROPERLY COME BEFORE THE EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING. THIS PROXY IS SOLICITED ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
(Continued and to be marked, dated and signed, on the other side)
PRELIMINARY PROXY CARD—SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
| PROXY CARD THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS RECOMMENDS A VOTE “FOR” PROPOSAL 1, PROPOSAL 2, PROPOSAL 3, PROPOSAL 4, PROPOSAL 5A, PROPOSAL 5B, PROPOSAL 5C, PROPOSAL 5D, PROPOSAL 5E, PROPOSAL 6, PROPOSAL 7, PROPOSAL 8, AND PROPOSAL 9. |
Please mark your votes like this |
|
| Proposal No. 1 — The Business Combination Proposal — RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that AACT’s entry into the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of April 14, 2025, attached to the | FOR ☐ |
AGAINST ☐ |
ABSTAIN ☐ | |||
| proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A (the “Business Combination Agreement”), pursuant to which and among other things, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Business Combination Agreement, the parties will complete the Business Combination (as such term is defined in the proxy statement/prospectus) described in the proxy statement/prospectus, be approved, ratified and confirmed in all respects. | ||||||
| Proposal No. 2 — The Domestication Proposal — RESOLVED, as a special resolution, that the Plan of Domestication, attached to the proxy statement/prospectus as Annex B, be approved and | FOR ☐ |
AGAINST ☐ |
ABSTAIN ☐ | |||
| adopted and that AACT be de-registered in the Cayman Islands in the manner required by Article 47 of AACT’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and be domesticated and continued as a corporation incorporated in the State of Delaware, pursuant to section 206 and 207 of the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands and section 388 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended (the “DGCL”) and the Plan of Domestication. | ||||||
| Proposal No. 3 — The Stock Issuance Proposal — RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that, for the purposes of complying with the applicable provisions of Section 312.03 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual, | FOR ☐ |
AGAINST ☐ |
ABSTAIN ☐ | |||
| the issuance of (i) shares of common stock of Kodiak AI, Inc. (“Kodiak Common Stock”) in connection with the Business Combination and the PIPE Investment (as such terms are defined in the proxy statement/prospectus); and (ii) any other issuances of preferred stock, common stock and securities convertible into or exercisable for common stock pursuant to subscription, purchase or similar agreements that AACT has entered, or may enter, into prior to closing of the Business Combination, be approved in all respects. | ||||||
| Proposal No. 4 — The Organizational Documents Proposal — RESOLVED, as a special resolution, that AACT’s amended and restated memorandum and articles of association currently in effect be amended and restated | FOR ☐ |
AGAINST ☐ |
ABSTAIN ☐ | |||
| by the deletion in their entirety and the substitution in their place of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation and Proposed Bylaws in the form attached to the proxy statement/prospectus as
Annex D and Annex E, respectively (the “Proposed Organizational Documents”), conditional upon, and with effect from the domestication of the company in the State of Delaware as a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of
Delaware in accordance with the DGCL and conditional upon, and with effect from, the domestication of the company in the State of Delaware as a corporation incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in accordance with the DGCL, the name of
the company be changed to Kodiak AI, Inc. (“Kodiak”). | ||||||
| Advisory Organizational Documents Proposal No. 5A — RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, on an advisory non-binding basis, that under the Proposed Organizational Documents, Kodiak will be | FOR ☐ |
AGAINST ☐ |
ABSTAIN ☐ | |||
| authorized to issue 2,000,000,000 shares, of which 1,980,000,000 shares are Kodiak Common Stock and 20,000,000 shares are preferred stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the “Kodiak Preferred Stock”). | ||||||
| Advisory Organizational Documents Proposal No. 5B — RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, on an advisory non-binding basis, that the Proposed Organizational Documents will adopt (i) Delaware as | FOR ☐ |
AGAINST ☐ |
ABSTAIN ☐ | |||
| the exclusive forum for certain litigation and (ii) the federal district courts of the United States as the exclusive forum for resolving actions arising under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended. | ||||||
| Advisory Organizational Documents Proposal No. 5C — RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, on an advisory non-binding basis, that the Proposed Organizational Documents will permit the removal of | FOR ☐ |
AGAINST ☐ |
ABSTAIN ☐ | |||
| a director only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the total voting power of all then outstanding shares of Kodiak entitled to vote in the election of directors, voting as a single class, subject to applicable law and the rights of holders of Kodiak Preferred Stock. | ||||||
| Advisory Organizational Documents Proposal No. 5D — RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, on an advisory non-binding basis, that subject to the rights of holders of Kodiak Preferred Stock, the Proposed | FOR ☐ |
AGAINST ☐ |
ABSTAIN ☐ | |||
| Organizational Documents will require that any action taken by stockholders must be effected at an annual or special meeting and prohibit stockholder action by written consent in lieu of a meeting. | ||||||
| Advisory Organizational Documents Proposal No. 5E — RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, on an advisory non-binding basis, that the Proposed Organizational Documents will require the board of directors of Kodiak | FOR ☐ |
AGAINST ☐ |
ABSTAIN ☐ | |||
| acting pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the directors then serving on the board of directors of Kodiak and the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the voting power of the outstanding voting securities of Kodiak entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, to amend, repeal, or modify any provision of the Proposed Certificate of Incorporation, other than Article I (Name), Article II (Registered Agent and Address), Article III (Nature of Business), Sections 1 (Authorized Stock), 2 (Vote per Share), 4 (Common not Voting on Preferred Matters) and 5 (No Class Vote to Increase or Decrease Authorized Stock) of Article IV, Article IX (Exculpation of Directors and Officers and Indemnification), Article X (Location of Stockholder Meetings and Books) and Article XIII (Incorporator Information), which requires the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the voting power of the outstanding Kodiak capital stock entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, in addition to any requirements for such amendments under the DGCL. The Proposed Organizational Documents will also require the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the total voting power of the outstanding voting securities of Kodiak, voting together as a single class, for the stockholders to adopt, amend, alter, or repeal the Proposed Bylaws, provided the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the total voting power of the outstanding voting securities of Kodiak, voting together as a single class, will be required for the Kodiak stockholders to alter, amend or repeal, or adopt any bylaw inconsistent with, certain provisions of the Proposed Bylaws. | ||||||
| Proposal No. 6 — The Incentive Plan Proposal — RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that AACT’s adoption of the Kodiak AI, Inc. 2025 Equity Incentive Plan, in the form attached to the proxy statement/prospectus as | FOR ☐ |
AGAINST ☐ |
ABSTAIN ☐ | |||
| Annex G, be approved, ratified and confirmed in all respects. | ||||||
| Proposal No. 7 — The Employee Stock Purchase Plan Proposal — RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that AACT’s adoption of the Kodiak AI, Inc. 2025 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, in the form attached to the proxy | FOR ☐ |
AGAINST ☐ |
ABSTAIN ☐ | |||
| statement/prospectus as Annex H, be approved, ratified and confirmed in all respects. | ||||||
| Proposal No. 8—The Director Election Proposal—RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that the election, effective immediately in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, of Don Burnette and Kristin | FOR ☐ |
AGAINST ☐ |
ABSTAIN ☐ | |||
| Sverchek to each serve as a Class I director of Kodiak, Mohamed Elshenawy, James Reed and Scott Tobin to each serve as a Class II director of Kodiak and Kenneth Goldman and Allyson Satin to each serve as a Class III director of Kodiak, each until his or her respective successor is duly elected and qualified, subject to such director’s earlier death, resignation, retirement, disqualification or removal, be approved in all respects.” | ||||||
| Proposal No. 9— RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that the adjournment of the Extraordinary General Meeting to a later date or dates, if necessary: (1) to permit further solicitation and vote of proxies in the event that there are | FOR ☐ |
AGAINST ☐ |
ABSTAIN ☐ | |||
| insufficient votes for the approval of one or more proposals at the Extraordinary General Meeting; (2) for the absence of a quorum; (3) to allow reasonable additional time for the filing or mailing of any supplemental or amended disclosure that AACT has determined in good faith after consultation with outside legal counsel is required under applicable law and for such supplemental or amended disclosure to be disseminated and reviewed by its shareholders prior to the Extraordinary General Meeting; or (4) in order to engage with investors, be approved. | ||||||
| CONTROL NUMBER | ||||
|
|
||||
| Signature | Signature, if held jointly | Date | , 2025 |
Note: Please sign exactly as name appears hereon. When shares are held by joint owners, both should sign. When signing as attorney, executor. administrator. trustee. guardian or corporate officer. please give title as such. When signing as a corporation. please sign in full corporate name by president or other authorized officer. When signing as a partnership. please sign in partnership name by an authorized person.
Exhibit 99.2
PRIVILEGED AND CONFIDENTIAL
July 25, 2025
Special Committee of the Board of Directors of
Ares Acquisition Corporation II
245 Park Avenue, 44th Floor
New York, NY 10167
Re: Registration Statement on Form S-4 of Ares Acquisition Corporation II and Kodiak Robotics, Inc. (the “Registration Statement”)
Members of the Special Committee:
Reference is made to our opinion letter, dated April 13, 2025 (the “Opinion”), with respect to the fairness, from a financial point of view, to the Purchaser Unaffiliated Shareholders (as defined in the Opinion) of the Base Purchase Price (as defined in the Opinion), which excluded the Earnout Stock (as defined in the Opinion), to be paid by Ares Acquisition Corporation II (“AACT”) in the Merger (as defined in the Opinion) pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of April 14, 2025, by and among AACT, AAC II Merger Sub, Inc. and Kodiak Robotics, Inc.
The Opinion is provided for the information and assistance of the Special Committee of the Board of Directors of AACT in connection with its consideration of the transaction contemplated therein. We understand that AACT has determined to include our Opinion in the Registration Statement. In that regard, we hereby consent to the references to our Opinion in the Registration Statement under the captions “QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FOR SHAREHOLDERS OF AACT,” “SUMMARY OF THE PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS – Fairness Opinion of Lincoln International LLC,” “SUMMARY OF THE PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS – The AACT Board’s and the Special Committee’s Reasons for the Approval of the Business Combination,” “RISK FACTORS – Risks Related to the Domestication and the Business Combination – The fairness opinion obtained by the Special Committee from Lincoln will not reflect changes in circumstances subsequent to the date of Business Combination Agreement, or any amendments to the Business Combination Agreement, and was based on estimates and assumptions at the date of such opinion,” “THE BUSINESS COMBINATION PROPOSAL – Background of the Business Combination,” “THE BUSINESS COMBINATION PROPOSAL – The AACT Board’s and the Special Committee’s Reasons for the Approval of the Business Combination,” “THE BUSINESS COMBINATION PROPOSAL – Fairness Opinion of Lincoln International LLC,” “THE BUSINESS COMBINATION PROPOSAL – Kodiak Driver-as-a-Service Economics Information,” “THE BUSINESS COMBINATION PROPOSAL – Certain Engagements in Connection with the Business Combination and Related Transactions,” and to the inclusion of the Opinion in the proxy statement/prospectus included in the Registration Statement as Annex L to such proxy statement/prospectus. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is understood that our consent is being delivered solely in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement and that our Opinion is not to be used, circulated, quoted or otherwise referred to for any other purpose, nor is it to be filed with, included in or referred to, in whole or in part in any registration statement (including any subsequent amendments to the Registration Statement), proxy statement or any other document, except in accordance with our prior written consent.
In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended or the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Lincoln International LLC
Lincoln International LLC
Exhibit 99.6
Consent to be Named as a Director Nominee
In connection with the filing by Ares Acquisition Corporation II and Kodiak Robotics, Inc. of the Registration Statement on Form S-4 (the “Registration Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), I hereby consent, pursuant to Rule 438 of the Securities Act, to being named in the Registration Statement and any and all amendments and supplements thereto as a person who has agreed to serve as a director of Kodiak (as defined in the Registration Statement) upon the completion of the Business Combination as described in the Registration Statement. I also consent to the filing of this consent as an exhibit to such Registration Statement and any amendments thereto.
Dated: July 21, 2025
| By: | /s/ Mohamed Elshenawy | |
| Name: | Mohamed Elshenawy |