As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on May 26, 2026.
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Not Applicable
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
| 7389 | Not Applicable | |||
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (Primary Standard Industrial | (I.R.S. Employer | ||
| incorporation or organization) | Classification Code Number) | Identification number) |
Mr. Kwai Hoi Ma (Thomas Ma)
Tel:
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)
Cogency Global Inc.
Tel:
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
Lawrence S. Venick, Esq. Loeb & Loeb LLP 10100 Santa Monica Boulevard Suite 2200 Los Angeles, CA 90067 Telephone: +1 310-728-5129 |
Joan Wu, Esq. Hunter Taubman Fischer & Li LLC 950 Third Avenue, 19th Floor New York, NY 10022 Telephone: 212-530-2210 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: as soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933. Emerging growth
company
If
an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant
has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided
pursuant to section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.
† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
| PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS | Subject to Completion | Dated May 26, 2026 |
Up to 6,802,721 Units, Each Unit Consisting of One Class A Ordinary Share or one Pre-Funded Warrant to Purchase one Class A Ordinary Share and
One Common Warrant to purchase One Class A Ordinary Share
Up to 204,081 Placement Agent Warrants to purchase up to 204,081 Class A Ordinary Shares
Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Common Warrants, the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants
Real Messenger Corporation
We are offering on a best efforts basis up to 6,802,721 (the “Units”), each consisting of one Class A Ordinary Share, par value US$0.0001 per share (each a “Class A Ordinary Share” and collectively the “Class A Ordinary Shares”) of Real Messenger Corporation (“Real Messenger Corporation”, the “Company”, “we”, “our”, “us”) or one Pre-Funded Warrant (as defined below) in lieu thereof, and one warrant to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share (“Common Warrant”), at an assumed offering price of US$1.47 per Unit. The Units have no stand-alone rights and will not be certified or issued as stand-alone securities. Each Common Warrant is exercisable immediately on the date of issuance at an exercise price of US$1.47 per share (equal to 100% of the assumed public offering price of each Unit sold in this offering), and will expire five years from the date of issuance.
We are also offering to each purchaser of Units that would otherwise result in the purchaser’s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% of our outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares immediately following the consummation of this offering the opportunity to purchase Units consisting of one Class A Ordinary Share or one pre-funded warrant to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share (in lieu of one Class A Ordinary Share) (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”), and one Common Warrant. A holder of Pre-Funded Warrants will not have the right to exercise any portion of its Pre-Funded Warrants if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, such limit may be increased to up to 9.99%) of the number of Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. Each Pre-Funded Warrant will entitle the holder thereof to subscribe for one Class A Ordinary Share. The purchase price of each Unit including a Pre-Funded Warrant will be equal to the price per Unit including one Class A Ordinary Share, minus $0.0001, and the remaining exercise price of each Pre-Funded Warrant will be $0.0001 per Class A Ordinary Share. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be immediately exercisable (subject to the beneficial ownership cap) and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. For each Unit including a Pre-Funded Warrant we sell (without regard to the limitation on exercise set forth therein), the number of Units including a Class A Ordinary Share we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis.
The Class A Ordinary Shares and the accompanying Common Warrants, or the Pre-Funded Warrants and the accompanying Common Warrants, can only be purchased together in this offering but will be issued separately and will be immediately separable upon issuance. We are also registering the Class A Ordinary Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants included in the Units offered hereby, the Placement Agent Warrants (as defined below) as well as the underlying Class A Ordinary Shares issuable from time to time upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants included in the Units offered hereby and the Placement Agent Warrants.
Our Class A Ordinary Shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “RMSG.” On May 12, 2026, the last reported sales price of our Class A Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market was US$1.47 per share.
There is no established trading market for the Common Warrants, the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants, and we do not expect an active trading market to develop. We do not intend to list the Common Warrants, the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Placement Agent Warrants on any securities exchange or other trading market. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of these securities will be limited.
The securities will be offered at a fixed price and are expected to be issued in a single closing. We expect this offering to be completed not later than one business day following the commencement of sales in this offering (the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part) and we will deliver all securities to be issued in connection with this offering on a delivery-versus-payment / receipt-versus-payment upon receipt of investor funds by us. Accordingly, neither we nor the placement agent have made any arrangements to place investor funds in an escrow account or trust account since the placement agent will not receive investor funds in connection with the sale of the securities offered hereunder.
We have engaged Maxim Group LLC as our exclusive placement agent (“Maxim” or the “placement agent”) to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit offers to purchase our securities in this offering. The placement agent has no obligation to purchase any of the securities from us or to arrange for the purchase or sale of any specific number or dollar amount of the securities. Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to closing in this offering, the actual public offering amount, placement agent’s fee and proceeds to us, if any, are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the total maximum offering amounts set forth above and throughout this prospectus. We have agreed to pay the placement agent the placement agent fees set forth in the table below. We have also agreed to issue to the placement agent or its designees at the closing of this offering, as compensation in connection with this offering, warrants (“Placement Agent Warrants”) to purchase a number of Class A Ordinary Shares equal to three percent (3.0%) of the total number of Class A Ordinary Shares sold in this offering, at an exercise price equal to 100% of the initial exercise price of the Common Warrants issued in this offering. The Placement Agent Warrants will be exercisable commencing six (6) months after the date of effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and will remain exercisable until the three (3) year anniversary of such date. See “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus for more information.
Any proceeds from the sale of Units offered by us will be available for our immediate use, despite uncertainty about whether we would be able to use such funds to effectively implement our business plan. See “Risk Factors” on page 10 for more information.
We have a dual class ordinary share structure, comprising Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share (the Class B Ordinary Shares”). Holders of Class A and Class B Ordinary Shares will have the same rights, including dividend rights, except that (i) each Class A Ordinary Share entitles holders thereof to one (1) vote, and each Class B Ordinary Share entitles holders thereof to twenty-five (25) votes, on all matters subject to vote at general meetings of the Company, (ii) Class B Ordinary Shares may be converted into the same number of Class A Ordinary Shares at the option of the holders thereof at any time, while Class A Ordinary Shares cannot be converted into Class B Ordinary Shares under any circumstances, and (iii) upon the transfer or disposition of any Class B Ordinary Share by a holder thereof or the change in ultimate beneficial ownership of any Class B Ordinary Shares to any person other than certain types of transferees as specified in the memorandum and articles of association of the Company, such Class B Ordinary Share will be automatically and immediately converted into one Class A Ordinary Share. See “Description of Share Capital” for more details regarding our Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares.
Investing in the Class A Ordinary Shares involves risks. See section titled “Risk Factors” of this prospectus.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, and will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements.
Investing in our Class A Ordinary Shares is highly speculative and involves a significant degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 10 of this prospectus for a discussion of information that should be considered before making a decision to purchase our Class A Ordinary Shares.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
We are not an operating company but rather a Cayman Islands holding company without material operations and our business is conducted by our subsidiaries in Hong Kong and this structure involves unique risks to investors. Although we have direct ownership of our operating entities in Hong Kong and currently do not have or intend to have any contractual arrangement to establish a variable interest entity (VIE) structure with any entity in mainland China, Chinese government may still exercise significant oversight over the business in Hong Kong and Chinese regulatory authorities could disallow this structure, which would likely result in a material change in our operations and/or a material change in the value of the securities are registering for sale, including that it could cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. See “Risk Factors— Our business is subject to complex and rapidly evolving laws and regulations in the PRC. The Chinese government may exercise significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business and may intervene in or influence our operations at any time, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our securities.”
This is an offering of the Class A Ordinary Shares and Common Warrants of Real Messenger Corporation, the holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, instead of shares of our operating entity in Hong Kong. You may never directly hold any equity interest in our operating entity.
All of our operations are conducted by our subsidiary in Hong Kong. Our Company currently does not have any substantive operations in mainland China. Accordingly, the PRC laws and regulations do not currently have any material impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. However, in the event that we or our Hong Kong subsidiaries were to become subject to PRC laws and regulations, we could incur material costs to ensure compliance, and we or our Hong Kong subsidiaries might be subject to fines, experience devaluation of securities or delisting, no longer be permitted to conduct offerings to foreign investors, and\or no longer be permitted to continue business operations as presently conduct. Although we have direct ownership of our operating entities in Hong Kong and currently do not have or intend to have any contractual arrangement to establish a variable interest entity (VIE) structure with any entity in mainland China, we are still subject to certain legal and operational risks associated with our operating subsidiaries being based in Hong Kong and having all of its operations to date in Hong Kong. Additionally, the legal and operational risks associated in mainland China may also apply to operations in Hong Kong, and we face the risks and uncertainties associated with the complex and evolving PRC laws and regulations and as to whether and how the recent PRC government statements and regulatory developments, such as those relating to data and cyberspace security, and anti-monopoly concerns, would be applicable to companies such as our operating entities or Real Messenger Corporation, given our substantial operations in Hong Kong and the Chinese government may exercise significant oversight over the business in Hong Kong. These risks could result in material changes in our operations and/or the value of the securities we are registering for sale or could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. Recently, the PRC government initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in certain areas in China with little advance notice, including a cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over China-based companies listed overseas, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement, which may in the future impact our ability to conduct out business, accept foreign investments or list on a U.S. or other foreign exchange if we were to become subject to such regulations. Nevertheless, since these statements and regulatory actions are new, it is highly uncertain how soon the legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any. It is also highly uncertain what the potential impacts such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our business operations, its ability to accept foreign investments and the listing of our Class A Ordinary Shares on a U.S. or other foreign exchanges. If certain PRC laws and regulations were to become applicable to a company in Hong Kong, such as Real Messenger Corporation in the future, the application of such laws and regulations may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations and our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, any of which may cause the value of our securities, including the Class A Ordinary Shares, to significantly decline or become worthless.
The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCA Act, was enacted on December 18, 2020. In accordance with the HFCA Act, trading in securities of any registrant on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States may be prohibited if the PCAOB determines that it cannot inspect or fully investigate the registrant’s auditor for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, and, as a result, an exchange may determine to delist the securities of such registrant. On December 29, 2022, a legislation entitled “Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023” was signed into law by President Biden, which has shortened the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act’s timeline for a potential trading prohibition from three years to two years, thus reducing the time period before our securities may be prohibited from trading or delisted if our auditor is unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement. The Company’s auditor, Marcum Asia CPAs LLP. is headquartered in the U.S. and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (the “PCAOB”) currently has access to inspect the working papers of our auditor and our auditor is not subject to the determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 16, 2021, which determinations were vacated on December 15, 2022. The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act and related regulations currently does not affect the Company as the Company’s auditor is subject to PCAOB’s inspection and investigation. See “Risk Factors— The securities of the Company may be delisted or prohibited from being traded “over-the-counter” under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act and the Accelerated Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB were unable to fully inspect the company’s auditor.”
There has been no cash flows and transfers of assets between the holding company and its subsidiaries. See Consolidated Financial Statements and See “Risk Factors – Our business is subject to complex and rapidly evolving laws and regulations in the PRC. The Chinese government may exercise significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business and may intervene in or influence our operations at any time, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our securities.” None of our subsidiaries has made any dividend payment or distribution to our holding company as of the date this prospectus and they have no plans to make any distribution or dividend payment to the holding company in the near future. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has made any dividends or distributions to U.S. investors as of the date of this prospectus. All our subsidiaries are in Hong Kong, there is no restrictions on foreign exchange for our subsidiaries and holding company and they are able to transfer cash or assets among these entities, across borders and to US investors. Also, there is no restrictions and limitations on the abilities for them to distribute earnings from their businesses, including from subsidiaries to the parent company or from the holding company to the U.S. investors as well as the abilities to settle amounts owed. However, PRC may impose greater restrictions on our Hong Kong subsidiaries’ abilities to transfer cash out of Hong Kong and to the holding company, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. To the extent cash or assets in the business is in the PRC/Hong Kong or a PRC/Hong Kong entity, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC/Hong Kong due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of us or our subsidiaries by the PRC government to transfer cash or assets. See “Risk Factors— We may become subject to a variety of PRC laws and other obligations regarding overseas listing rules and data security, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.” We did not adopt or maintain any cash management policies and procedures as of the date of this prospectus. There is no further PRC/Hong Kong statutory restriction on the amount of funds which may be distributed by us by dividend. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Subject to any rights and restrictions for the time being attached to any shares, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our directors. The timing, amount and form of future dividends (if any) are subject to the discretion of our board of directors, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law and will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from the operating entities, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.
The terms the “Company”, “Real Messenger Corporation”, “we”, “us”, “our company”, and “our” refer to Real Messenger Corporation, an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and its subsidiaries. We currently conduct our business through our wholly owned subsidiary incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong, Real Corporation Limited, which engages in the business of digital brokerage operations in real estate. The securities offered in this prospectus are securities of Real Messenger Corporation, our Cayman Islands holding company and investors are purchasing an interest in Real Messenger Corporation, not our operating entities in Hong Kong.
The date of this prospectus is [ ], 2026
We are a holding company that is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. As a holding company with no operations, we conduct all of our operations through our subsidiaries in Hong Kong. The securities offered in this offering are securities of the holding company that is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Investors of our securities should be aware that they may never directly hold equity interests in our subsidiaries.
We are an “emerging growth company” and a “foreign private issuer” as defined under the U.S. federal securities laws and, as such, we have elected to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements for this prospectus and future filings. Please see “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Our Being an Emerging Growth Company” and “Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer” beginning on page 5 of this prospectus.
| Price to Public | Placement Agent Fees(1) (2) |
Proceeds, before Expenses(3) | ||||||||||
| Per Unit | ||||||||||||
| Total | ||||||||||||
| (1) | Represents a cash fee equal to up to 6.5% of the aggregate purchase price paid by investors in this offering. See “Plan of Distribution” for a description of compensation payable to the placement agent. |
| (2) | The placement agent will receive compensation in addition to the placement agent fees. The Company has agreed to issue to the placement agent Placement Agent Warrants covering a number of Class A Ordinary Shares equal to three percent (3.0%) of the total number of Class A Ordinary Shares being sold in the Offering. The amount of offering proceeds to us presented in this table does not give effect to any exercise of the Common Warrants or the Placement Agent Warrants. For a description of compensation payable to the underwriter, see “Plan of Distribution” beginning on page 90 |
| (3) | The amount of offering proceeds to us presented in this table does not give effect to any exercise of the Common Warrants. |
We expect to deliver the Units against payment in U.S. dollars in New York, NY to investors on or about [ ], 2026.
Maxim Group LLC
Prospectus dated [ ], 2026
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| i |
Neither we nor the placement agent has authorized anyone to provide you with any information or to make any representations other than as contained in this prospectus or any related free writing prospectus. Neither we nor the placement agent takes responsibility for, and provide no assurance about the reliability of, any information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of the securities. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.
For investors outside the United States: Neither we nor the placement agent has done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction, other than the United States, where action for that purpose is required. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the Units and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.
Our financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our expected results for any future periods.
| ii |
About this Prospectus
This prospectus is part of the registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). As permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC, the registration statement filed by us includes additional information not contained in this prospectus.
This prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus include important information about us, the securities being offered and other information you should know before investing in our securities. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate on any date subsequent to the date set forth on the front cover of this prospectus or that any information we have incorporated by reference is correct on any date subsequent to the date of the document incorporated by reference, even though this prospectus is delivered or Class A Ordinary Shares are sold or otherwise disposed of on a later date. It is important for you to read and consider all information contained in this prospectus, including the documents incorporated by reference therein, in making your investment decision. You should also read and consider the information in the documents to which we have referred you under “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus.
You should rely only on this prospectus and the information incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to give any information or to make any representation to you other than those contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction.
We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference in this prospectus were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.
Unless otherwise indicated, information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus concerning our industry, including our general expectations and market opportunity, is based on information from our own management estimates and research, as well as from industry and general publications and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. Management estimates are derived from publicly available information, our knowledge of our industry and assumptions based on such information and knowledge, which we believe to be reasonable. In addition, assumptions and estimates of our and our industry’s future performance are necessarily uncertain due to a variety of factors, including those described in “Risk Factors” beginning on page 10 of this prospectus. These and other factors could cause our future performance to differ materially from our assumptions and estimates.
For investors outside the United States: We have not done anything that would permit the offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of the securities described herein and the distribution of this prospectus outside the United States.
| iii |
Other Pertinent Information
Unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise, references in this prospectus to:
| ● | “Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association” means the Company’s second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association adopted by special resolutions passed on 5 May 2026. |
| ● | “Board” means the board of directors of the Company. |
| ● | “Business Combination” means the business combination transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. |
| ● | “Class A Ordinary Share (s)” are to the class A ordinary shares of Real Messenger Corporation with a par value of US$0.0001 per share; |
| ● | “Class B Ordinary Share (s)” are to the class B ordinary shares of Real Messenger Corporation with a par value of US$0.0001 per share; |
| ● | “Closing” means the closing of the Business Combination. |
| ● | “Companies Act” means Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands. |
| ● | “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |
| ● | “Group” means the Company and its subsidiaries, including RMHL, Real USA, Real Corporation HK, and Hohojo. |
| ● | “HOHOJO” means HOHOJO.com Limited, which was incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong on March 18, 2008 and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Real Corporation HK, a Hong Kong limited company; |
| ● | “IPO” refers to the initial public offering of 5,000,000 units (including 750,000 units as a result of the underwriters’ exercise of its over-allotment option) of Nova SPAC consummated on August 10, 2021. |
| ● | “IRS” means the United States Internal Revenue Service. |
| ● | “Merger” means the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. |
| ● | “Merger Agreement” means that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of March 27, 2023, as may be amended from time to time, by and among the Company, Nova SPAC, RMHL, Merger Sub, and the other parties named therein. |
| ● | “Merger Sub” means RM2 Limited, a Cayman Islands exempted company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company |
| ● | “Ordinary Shares” means the Class A Ordinary Shares and the Class B Ordinary Shares, collectively. |
| ● | “proptech” which is short for property technology, means the use of technology to improve, streamline, and innovate within the real estate industry, so as to make real estate processes more efficient, transparent, and accessible. |
| ● | “Real Messenger Corporation” “RMSG,” “we,” “us,” “our company,” the “Company” and “our” are to Real Messenger Corporation, a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability incorporated on June 27, 2023, and its directly and indirectly owned subsidiaries; |
| iv |
| ● | “RMHL” means Real Messenger Holdings Limited, which was incorporated under the laws of Cayman Islands on September 13, 2021 and is a direct wholly owned subsidiary of the Company; |
| ● | “Real USA” are to Real Messenger Inc., which was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on September 24, 2021 and is a wholly owned subsidiary of RMHL, a Cayman Islands exempted company, which itself is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company; |
| ● | “Real Corporation HK” are to Real Corporation Limited (Hong Kong), which was incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong on April 9, 2015 and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Real USA, a Delaware corporation; |
| ● | “Nova SPAC” or “Nova Vision” means Nova Vision Acquisition Corporation, a British Virgin Islands company. |
| ● | “offering” means the offering of Class A Ordinary Shares or the Pre-Funded Warrants, and the accompanying Common Warrants by the Company, subject to and on the terms and conditions set out in this prospectus. |
| ● | “PCAOB” are to the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board; |
| ● | “SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. |
| ● | “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. |
| ● | “Sponsor” means Nova Pulsar Holdings Limited. |
| ● | “U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP” means accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. |
| ● | “HK$” or “HKD” are to the Hong Kong dollar, the legal currency of Hong Kong; |
| ● | “US$,” “U.S. dollars,” “$” and “dollars” are to the legal currency of the United States. |
Our business is conducted by our subsidiaries in Hong Kong, using the Hong Kong dollar. Our consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars. In this prospectus, we refer to assets, obligations, commitments, and liabilities in our consolidated financial statements in U.S. dollars. These dollar references are based on the exchange rate of HKD to U.S. dollars, determined as of a specific date or for a specific period. Changes in the exchange rate will affect the amount of our obligations and the value of our assets in terms of U.S. dollars which may result in an increase or decrease in the amount of our obligations (expressed in dollars) and the value of our assets, including accounts receivable (expressed in dollars).
| v |
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This summary provides an overview of selected information contained elsewhere or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in our securities. You should carefully read the prospectus, the information incorporated by reference and the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part in their entirety before investing in our securities, including the information discussed under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference and our financial statements and related notes that are incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
Overview
The Company is a Cayman Islands–incorporated holding company that operates primarily through its wholly-owned Hong Kong subsidiary, Real Corporation Limited. While it has no direct operations of its own, the Company is actively expanding its global footprint by acquiring or establishing subsidiaries in key jurisdictions. Its core mission is to build a scalable, international real estate technology ecosystem that merges a proprietary social portal with a digital-first brokerage model, aiming to unify professionals, investors, and consumers under one integrated platform.
Technology development is centralized in Hong Kong, where Real Corporation Limited leads the design and maintenance of the Company’s proprietary infrastructure, including agent services and transaction workflows. Although revenue is not currently expected from Hong Kong or mainland China, this hub is considered vital to the Company’s global strategy. The business model focuses on acquiring revenue-generating brokerages and proptech firms across North America, Asia-Pacific, Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America, with a strong emphasis on maintaining a robust U.S. presence.
As an early-stage company, it has yet to generate revenue but plans to monetize through a mix of brokerage commissions, licensing fees for its digital tools, and value-added services like marketing and analytics. By integrating traditional brokerage operations with SaaS-based offerings, the Company aims to build a resilient and diversified revenue stream. With strategic initiatives in over 35 countries, its global perspective shapes both its product development and acquisition strategy, positioning it to meet the evolving needs of stakeholders across the real estate landscape.
Our Competitive Strengths
| ● | Scalable Acquisition Engine with Embedded Revenue |
| ● | Tech-Enabled Brokerage Infrastructure |
| ● | Scalable Global Acquisition Strategy |
| ● | Strong Brand Affinity with Agents |
| ● | Centralized Technology with Local Flexibility |
| ● | Proprietary Real-estate Specific AI |
Our Growth Strategy
| ● | Building the World’s Most Scalable Tech-Enabled Real Estate Platforms |
| ● | Multi-Platform Brokerage Strategy: Unlocking Lifetime Agent Alignment |
| ● | Inorganic Expansion Through Strategic Acquisitions |
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| ● | Unifying Acquired Brokerages Through Technology Integration |
| ● | Launching Our Own Branded Brokerage Operations |
| ● | Product and Platform Innovation |
| ● | Global Footprint with Local Relevance |
| ● | Capital Partnerships to Accelerate Expansion |
Corporate History and Structure
The Company was incorporated to serve as a holding company for RMHL and Nova SPAC after consummation of the Business Combination contemplated by the Merger Agreement. The Company, a Cayman Islands exempted company, was incorporated on June 27, 2023. Prior to the Business Combination, the Company owned no material assets and did not operate any business.
RMHL is a holding company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability on September 13, 2021. RMHL has no substantive operations other than holding all of the issued shares of Real USA, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the Delaware on September 24, 2021.
Nova SPAC was a blank check British Virgin Islands company incorporated on March 18, 2021 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands for the purpose of acquiring, engaging in a share exchange, share reconstruction and amalgamation, purchasing all or substantially all of the assets of, entering into contractual arrangements, or engaging in any other similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities.
Business Combination
We completed a merger with Nova SPAC on November 19, 2024 and the Company’s Class A Ordinary Shares and warrants began trading on the Nasdaq Stock Exchange on November 20, 2024. The Company, Nova SPAC, RM2 Limited, a Cayman Islands exempted company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger Sub”), and RMHL, entered into a Merger Agreement dated as of March 27, 2023, which was amended as of August 15, 2023, October 27, 2023, March 7, 2024, May 29, 2024, July 17, 2024, and August 13, 2024 (the “Merger Agreement”). The Merger Agreement provided for a business combination which was effected in two steps: (i) Nova SPAC reincorporated to Cayman Islands by merging with and into the Company, with the Company remaining as the surviving publicly traded entity (the “Reincorporation Merger”); and (ii) following the Reincorporation Merger, Merger Sub merged with and into RMHL, resulting in RMHL being a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Acquisition Merger,” together with Reincorporation Merger, the “Business Combination”).
On November 19, 2024 (“Closing Date”), pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Nova SPAC merged with and into the Company, with the Company surviving the Reincorporation Merger and the outstanding ordinary shares of Nova SPAC being converted into the right to receive the ordinary shares of the Company. Immediately following the Reincorporation Merger, and as part of the same overall transaction as the Reincorporation Merger, Merger Sub merged with and into RMHL (the “Mergers”), with RMHL surviving the Acquisition Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and the outstanding ordinary shares being converted into the right to receive the ordinary shares of the Company.
On the Closing Date, upon consummation of the Business Combination, 9,321,281 Ordinary Shares were issued and 8,871,281 Ordinary Shares were outstanding. Such amount includes the issuance of (i) 6,400,000 Ordinary Shares in the Acquisition Merger, including 1,900,000 Class A Ordinary Shares and 4,500,000 Class B Ordinary Shares to the Real Messenger Corporation shareholders, among which, 450,000 Class B Ordinary Shares are holdback shares in escrow for eighteen months from the closing of Business Combination; (ii) 1,833,152 Ordinary Shares to the shareholders of Nova SPAC in connection with the Redomestication Merger; (iii) 537,629 Ordinary Shares to the holders of convertible promissory notes issued by Nova; (iv) 500,000 additional Ordinary Shares to be transferred from the Sponsor to the private placement investors; and (v) 50,500 Ordinary Shares to the underwriter in connection with the Redomestication Merger.
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Immediately after giving effect to the Business Combination, the Company has 4,821,281 Class A Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding, 4,500,000 and 4,050,000 Class B Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding, respectively, among which, 450,000 Class B Ordinary Shares are holdback shares in escrow for eighteen months, and 6,546,254 warrants issued and outstanding.
Reorganization
On March 23, 2022, as part of a reorganization, Real Corporation HK, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong on April 9, 2015, acquired the entire equity interest in Hohojo, from its shareholder Mr. Kwai Hoi Ma. Hohojo, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong on March 18, 2008, is a dormant company which holds some deferred tax losses, and as such conducts no operations whatsoever. On the same day, Real USA acquired the entire equity interest in Real Corporation HK from its shareholder Mr. Kwai Hoi Ma. Prior to the reorganization, Real Corporation HK and Hohojo were both indirectly wholly owned by Mr. Kwai Hoi, Ma, who was the ultimate sole shareholder of RMHL.
Upon completion of such reorganization, the Company became the holding company of RMHL, Real USA, Real Corporation HK, and Hohojo.
The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our subsidiaries, as of the date of this prospectus:

Recent Development
Effective January 28, 2026, Mr. Wing-Ho Ngan, a director of the Company, has resigned from the board of directors of the Company. His resignation was not a result of any disagreements with the Company or any of our subsidiaries and affiliates on any matter related to the operations, policies, or practices of the Company or any of our subsidiaries and affiliates.
On March 13, 2026, the Company received a letter from the staff at Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying the Company that it is not in compliance with the requirement to maintain a minimum closing bid price of $1 per share, as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), because the closing bid price of the Company’s Class A Ordinary Shares was below $1 per share for the last 30 consecutive business days (i.e. from January 29, 2026 to March 12, 2026). The Nasdaq letter is only a notification of deficiency. It does not result in the immediate delisting and has no current effect on the listing or trading of the Company’s Class A Ordinary Shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market.
In accordance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5810(c)(3)(A), the Company has 180 calendar days, or until September 9, 2026 (the “Compliance Period”), to regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement. To regain compliance with the minimum bid price requirement, the closing bid price of the Company’s Class A Ordinary Shares must be at least $1.00 per share for a minimum of 10 consecutive business days at any time prior to the expiration of Compliance Period. If the Company regains compliance with the minimum bid price requirement within the Compliance Period, Nasdaq will provide the Company with written confirmation and will close the matter. If the Company chooses to implement a reverse stock split, it must complete the split no later than ten business days prior to September 9, 2026 in order to regain compliance.
If the Company does not regain compliance by September 9, 2026, the Company may be eligible for an additional 180 calendar day compliance period. To qualify, the Company will be required to meet the continued listing requirement for market value of publicly held shares and all other initial listing standards for the Nasdaq Capital Market, with the exception of the bid price requirement, and will need to provide written notice of its intention to cure the deficiency during the second compliance period, by effecting a reverse stock split, if necessary. If the Company meets these requirements, Nasdaq will inform the Company that it has been granted an additional 180 calendar days. However, if it appears to Nasdaq that the Company will not be able to cure the deficiency, or if the Company is otherwise not eligible, Nasdaq will provide notice that its securities will be subject to delisting.
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On March 25, 2026, the Company announced that it has entered into a non-binding memorandum of understanding (“MOU”) with a publicly traded U.S. real estate brokerage company (the “Brokerage”) to explore the potential deployment of the Company’s integrated real estate technology platform within the Brokerage’s agent network. The parties intend to evaluate the integration of the Company’s platform, including CRM functionality, messaging and communication systems, listing management software, lead generation tools, transaction management capabilities, and analytics.
If implemented, the collaboration could result in the deployment of the Company’s technology across a portion or all of the Brokerage’s agent base under a commercial licensing and services framework. Such a deployment would require the execution of a definitive agreement by the parties.
On March 25, 2026, the Company entered into a Subscription Agreement (the “Subscription Agreement”) with Bloomington DH Holdings Limited (the “Purchaser”), a British Virgin Islands company. The Purchaser is an existing shareholder of the Company and wholly controlled and owned by Kwai Hoi Ma, the Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Company.
Pursuant to the Subscription Agreement, the Company agreed to issue to the Purchaser and the Purchaser agreed to acquire from the Company 1,837,680 Class B ordinary shares of the Company (the “Subscription Shares”), at a price of US$0.5912 per Share, for a total purchase price of US$1,086,438.46 (the “Purchase Price”). The Purchase Price is satisfied in full by setting off the aggregate amount of US$1,086,438.46 in working capital funding previously provided by the Purchaser to the Company. No additional cash consideration will be paid at closing.
As a result of the issuance of the Subscription Shares, Mr. Ma’s beneficial ownership will increase from 56.21% to 63.26% of the Company’s aggregate outstanding class A and class B ordinary shares, and his voting control (both directly and through the Purchaser) will increase from 83.54% to 87.96% of the total voting power of the Company.
On April 6, 2026, the Company received a written notification from Nasdaq indicating that, based on the reported stockholders’ equity of US$1,110,873 of the Company as reported in its unaudited interim financial report on Form 6-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2026, the Company does not meet the minimum shareholders’ equity criteria of US$2,500,000 in stockholders’ equity required under the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) for continued listing.
Under Nasdaq Listing Rule, the Company has 45 calendar days, or until, May 21, 2026, to submit a plan to regain compliance. If the plan is accepted, Nasdaq can grant an extension of up to 180 calendar days from the date of the Nasdaq letter to evidence compliance. The Company intends to regain compliance within the applicable compliance period and is currently working on a plan including financial projections.
On May 5, 2026, the Company held its Class Meeting of the holders of Class A Ordinary Shares and its 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. The Class A shareholders approved, subject to the class consent from the holders of Class B Ordinary Shares, the increase in the voting rights attached to each Class B Ordinary Share from ten (10) votes to twenty-five (25) votes on all matters subject to vote at general meetings of the Company, with immediate effect. The shareholders also approved the adoption of the Company’s second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, which will become effective upon the effectiveness of the Class Rights Variation.
On May 6, 2026, the Company received a formal notification from the Listing Qualifications Staff of The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (“Nasdaq”) notifying the Company that it has regained compliance with the requirement to maintain a minimum bid price of $1.00 per share, as set forth in Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2) (the “Nasdaq Minimum Bid Price Requirement”).
As previously disclosed on March 16, 2026, the Company received a letter from Nasdaq dated March 13, 2026, notifying the Company that it was not in compliance with the Nasdaq Minimum Bid Price Requirement because the closing bid price of the Company’s Class A Ordinary Shares was below $1.00 per share for the last 30 consecutive business days, from January 29, 2026 to March 12, 2026.
Nasdaq has determined that, for the last 10 consecutive business days, from April 22, 2026 to May 5, 2026, the closing bid price of the Company’s Class A Ordinary Shares was at or above $1.00 per share. Accordingly, the Company has regained compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(a)(2), and Nasdaq has closed the prior minimum bid price deficiency matter.
Transfers of Cash to and from Our Subsidiary
Real Messenger Corporation is a holding company with no operations of its own. It conducts its operation through its operating subsidiary in Hong Kong. Real Messenger Corporation may rely on dividends or payments to be paid by its Hong Kong operating subsidiary to fund its cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders and U.S. investors, to service any debt we may incur and to pay our operating expenses. As of the date of this prospectus, no such dividends or distributions have been made to date from our Hong Kong operating subsidiary to the holding company or the U.S. Investors. If its Hong Kong operating subsidiary incurs debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to Real Messenger Corporation. To the extent cash or assets in the business is in the PRC/Hong Kong or a PRC/Hong Kong entity, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC/Hong Kong due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of us or our subsidiaries by the PRC government to transfer cash or assets.
Subject to the provisions in its articles of association, Real Messenger Corporation is permitted under the laws of Cayman Islands to provide funding to its operating subsidiary in Hong Kong through loans or capital contributions without restrictions on the amount of the funds. Its Hong Kong operating subsidiary are also permitted under the laws of Hong Kong to transfer funds to Real Messenger Corporation, through dividend distributions or payments, without restrictions on the amount of the funds.
There are no restrictions or limitation on our ability to distribute earnings by dividends from our subsidiaries, including our subsidiary in Hong Kong, to Real Messenger Corporation and our shareholders and U.S. investors, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law and the discretion of our Board. Subject to the Cayman Islands and our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, our board of directors may authorize and declare a dividend to shareholders at such time and of such an amount as they deem fit if they are satisfied, on reasonable grounds, that immediately following the dividend Real Messenger Corporation will be able to pay our debts as they become due in the ordinary course of business, and the Company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account. According to the Companies Ordinance of Hong Kong, a Hong Kong company may only make a distribution out of profits available for distribution. Other than the above, we did not adopt or maintain any cash management policies and procedures as of the date of this prospectus. There is no further Delaware or Hong Kong statutory restriction on the amount of funds which may be distributed by us by dividend.
As of the date of this prospectus, there are no restrictions or limitation under the laws of Hong Kong imposed on the conversion of HK$ into foreign currencies and the remittance of currencies out of Hong Kong or across borders and to the Company. The PRC laws and regulations do not currently have any material impact on transfer of cash from Real Messenger Corporation to its Hong Kong subsidiaries or from its Hong Kong subsidiaries to Real Messenger Corporation. However, in the future, funds may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of Hong Kong, due to interventions in, or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on, our ability or on our subsidiaries’ ability by the PRC government to transfer cash. Any limitation on the ability of our subsidiaries to make payments to us could have a material adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business and might materially decrease the value of our Class A Ordinary Shares or cause them to be worthless. Currently, all of our subsidiaries and their operations are in Hong Kong. We do not have or intend to set up any subsidiary or enter into any contractual arrangements to establish a variable interest entity, or VIE, structure with any entity in mainland China. Since Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the PRC and the basic policies of the PRC regarding Hong Kong are reflected in the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, or the Basic Law, providing Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy and executive, legislative and independent judicial powers, including that of final adjudication under the principle of “One Country, Two Systems”. Pursuant to the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PRC laws and regulations shall not be applied in Hong Kong except for those listed in Annex III of the Basic Law (which are confined to laws relating to national defense, foreign affairs and other matters that are not within the scope of autonomy). The PRC laws and regulations do not currently have any material impact on transfer of cash from Real Messenger Corporation to its Hong Kong subsidiaries or from its Hong Kong subsidiaries to Real Messenger Corporation. However, the Chinese government may, in the future, impose restrictions or limitations on our ability to transfer money out of Hong Kong, to distribute earnings and pay dividends to and from the other entities within our organization, or to reinvest in our business outside of Hong Kong. Such restrictions and limitations, if imposed in the future, may delay or hinder the expansion of our business to outside of Hong Kong and may affect our ability to receive funds from our operating subsidiary in Hong Kong.
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Both Real Messenger Corporation and its Hong Kong subsidiaries currently intend to retain all of their respective remaining funds and future earnings, if any, for the operation and expansion of their business and do not currently anticipate declaring or paying any dividends. Any future determination related to our dividend policy will be made at the discretion of our board of directors after considering our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual requirements, business prospects and other factors the board of directors deems relevant, and subject to the restrictions contained in any future financing instruments.
Implications of Being a “Foreign Private Issuer”
We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). As such, we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies. For example:
| ● | we are not required to provide as many Exchange Act reports, or as frequently, as a domestic public company; |
| ● | for interim reporting, we are permitted to comply solely with our home country requirements, which are less rigorous than the rules that apply to domestic public companies; |
| ● | we are not required to provide the same level of disclosure on certain issues, such as executive compensation; |
| ● | we are exempt from provisions of Regulation FD aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information; |
| ● | we are not required to comply with the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; and |
| ● | our insiders are not required to comply with Section 16 of the Exchange Act requiring such individuals and entities to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and establishing insider liability for profits realized from any “short-swing” trading transaction. |
Implications of Being an “Emerging Growth Company”
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”), and we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting and financial disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including but not limited to (1) presenting only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations in this prospectus, (2) not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), (3) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and (4) exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We intend to take advantage of these exemptions. As a result, investors may find investing in our Class A Ordinary Shares less attractive.
In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As a result, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We intend to take advantage of such extended transition period.
We could remain an emerging growth company for up to five years, or until the earliest of (1) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenues exceed $1.235 billion, (2) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our Class A Ordinary Shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter and we have been publicly reporting for at least 12 months, or (3) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three-year period.
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Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices are located at 695 Town Center Drive, Suite 1200, Costa Mesa, CA 92626. Our telephone number at this address is +1-657-408-8684. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at the offices of Ogier Global (Cayman) Limited, 89 Nexus Way, Camana Bay, Grand Cayman, KY1-9009, Cayman Islands. Investors should contact us for any inquiries through the address and telephone number of our principal executive offices. Our website is https://real.co/. The information contained on our website is not a part of this prospectus. We have appointed Cogency Global, Inc., located at 122 E. 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168, as our agent upon whom process may be served in any action brought against us under the securities laws of the United States.
Summary of Risk Factors
We are a holding company incorporated as an exempted company with limited liability under the law of the Cayman Islands, investing in our Class A Ordinary Shares carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus before making an investment in our Class A Ordinary Shares. We are subject to a number of risks, including risks that may prevent us from achieving our business objectives or may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.
Risks Relating to the Group’s Business and Industry
| ● | Our limited operating history and our evolving business make it difficult to evaluate and assess the success of our business to date, our future prospects and the risks and challenges that we may encounter. |
| ● | We are implementing a new strategy focused on acquiring a controlling stake in revenue-generating real estate brokerages and technology companies to build a vertically integrated real estate platform. During our transformation, our operations may be exposed to new risks. |
| ● | Possible failure to realize anticipated benefits of future acquisitions could impact the Company’s business. |
| ● | We are an early-stage company and have not generated, and may never generate, material revenue or become profitable. |
| ● | Our business model is untested and may never be successful or generate sufficient growth to sustain profitability. |
| ● | We are dependent on the active involvement of our key personnel. |
| ● | We may not timely and effectively scale and adapt our existing technology and network infrastructure to ensure that our portal attracts and retains higher performing real estate brokerage teams and users. We may also face user resistance in our introduction of new technology features. |
| ● | Structural changes in the U.S. residential real estate market have materially impacted, and may continue to impact, the future of home purchases in the U.S., including overall market financial condition, and subsequently, our operating results. |
| ● | Monetary policies of the U.S. federal government and its agencies may have an adverse impact on the residential brokerage market, influencing the results of our operations and financial condition. |
| ● | There is intense competition in the Software as a Service and real estate brokerage industries. |
Our international operations are subject to increased challenges and risks.
Risks Related to Doing Business in China and/or Hong Kong
| ● | China’s or Hong Kong’s economic, political and social conditions, as well as changes in any government policies, laws and regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our business. |
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| ● | Our business is subject to complex and rapidly evolving laws and regulations in the PRC. The Chinese government may exercise significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business and may intervene in or influence our operations at any time, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our securities. |
| ● | Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system, including uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws, and sudden or unexpected changes in laws and regulations in China could adversely affect us. |
| ● | The Chinese government may exert substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities, and may intervene or influence our operations at any time, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or cause the value of Company’s securities to significantly decline or become worthless. |
| ● | U.S. regulatory bodies may be limited in their ability to conduct investigations or inspections of our Hong Kong subsidiaries. |
| ● | You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in Hong Kong, based on United States or other foreign laws, against us, our directors, executive officers or experts named in this prospectus. Therefore, you may not be able to enjoy the protection of such laws in an effective manner. |
Risks Related to the Company’s Corporate Structure and Securities
| ● | In the event that the Company relies on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by its Hong Kong subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements it may have, any limitation on the ability of the Hong Kong subsidiaries to make payments to the Company could have a material and adverse effect on its ability to conduct its business. |
| ● | The Company’s share price may be volatile and could decline substantially. |
| ● | There is no public market for the Common Warrants, Pre-Funded Warrants, or the Placement Agent Warrants in this offering. |
| ● | The Company may issue additional Ordinary Shares or other equity or convertible debt securities without approval of the holders of Ordinary Shares which would dilute existing ownership interests and may depress the market price of Ordinary Shares. | |
| ● | You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings and other issuances of our Class A Ordinary Shares or other securities. In addition, this offering and future equity offerings and other issuances of our Class A Ordinary Shares or other securities may adversely affect the price of our Class A Ordinary Shares. |
| ● | The Company’s dual class share structure with different voting rights will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of the Class A Ordinary Shares may view as beneficial. |
| ● | As of September 30, 2025, we do not meet the minimum shareholders’ equity criteria of US$2,500,000 in stockholders’ equity required under the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b) for continued listing. If we do not meet Nasdaq’s continued listing standards, our Class A Ordinary Shares may be subject to delisting from the Nasdaq Capital Market. |
Risks Relating to Operating as a Public Company
| ● | Because the Company is a foreign private issuer and is exempt from certain Nasdaq corporate governance standards applicable to U.S. issuers, you will have less protection than you would have if it were a domestic issuer. |
| ● | As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, the Company is permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards; these practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if the Company complied fully with Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards. |
| ● | You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because the Company is incorporated under Cayman Islands law. |
| ● | The Company will be a “controlled company” under the Corporate Governance Rules of Nasdaq and can rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that could adversely affect the Company’s public shareholders. |
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THE OFFERING
| Units Offered by Us | Up to 6,802,721 Units on a best-efforts basis at an assumed public offering price of US$1.47 per Unit. Each Unit consists of one Class A Ordinary Share or one Pre-Funded Warrant, and one Common Warrant to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share.
We are also offering to each purchaser, with respect to the purchase of Units that would otherwise result in the purchaser’s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% of our outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares immediately following the consummation of this offering, the opportunity to purchase one Pre-Funded Warrant in lieu of one Class A Ordinary Share. A holder of Pre-Funded Warrants will not have the right to exercise any portion of its Pre-Funded Warrant if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, such limit may be increased to up to 9.99%) of the number of Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. Each Pre-Funded Warrant will entitle the holder thereof to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share. The purchase price per each Unit including a Pre-Funded Warrant will be equal to the price per Unit including one Class A Ordinary Share, minus $0.0001, and the remaining exercise price of each Pre-Funded Warrant will equal $0.0001 per share. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be immediately exercisable (subject to the beneficial ownership cap) and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. For more information regarding the Pre-Funded Warrants, you should carefully read the section titled “Description of Securities We Are Offering” in this prospectus.
The Units will not be certificated or issued in stand-alone form. The Class A Ordinary Shares and the accompanying Common Warrants, or the Pre-Funded Warrants and the accompanying Common Warrants, can only be purchased together in this offering but will be issued separately and will be immediately separable upon issuance. We are also registering our Class A Ordinary Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants included in the Units offered hereby, the Placement Agent Warrants, as well as the underlying Class A Ordinary Shares issuable from time to time upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants included in the Units offered hereby and the Placement Agent Warrants. | |
| Class A Ordinary Shares Issued and Outstanding Prior to This Offering | 4,755,277 Class A Ordinary Shares. | |
| Class A Ordinary Shares to be Outstanding Immediately After This Offering(1) | 11,557,998 Class A Ordinary Shares. | |
| Ordinary Shares to be Outstanding Immediately After This Offering(1) | 11,557,998 Class A Ordinary Shares and 6,337,680 Class B Ordinary Shares. | |
| Description of Common Warrants | The Common Warrants will be immediately exercisable on the date of issuance and expire on the five-year anniversary of the date of issuance at an initial exercise price of US$1.47 (equal to 100% of the public offering price of each Unit sold in this offering) per share, subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of recapitalization events, share dividends, share splits, share combinations, reclassifications, reorganizations or similar events affecting our Class A Ordinary Share. If the foregoing events occur at any time on or after the date of issuance of Common Warrants, and the lowest volume weighted-average price (VWAP) during the period of five consecutive trading days commencing on such event (provided that if such event is effective after close of trading on Nasdaq, then commencing on the next trading day) is less than the exercise price of the Common Warrants then in effect, the exercise price of the Common Warrants will be reduced to the lowest VWAP during such period and the number of shares issuable upon exercise will be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate exercise price will remain unchanged. This prospectus also relates to the offering of the Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Common Warrants. For more information regarding the Common Warrants, you should carefully read the section titled “Description of Securities We Are Offering” in this prospectus. | |
| Description of Placement Agent Warrants | We have also agreed to issue to the placement agent or its designees at the closing of this offering, as compensation in connection with this offering the Placement Agent Warrants to purchase a number of Class A Ordinary Shares equal to three percent (3.0%) of the total number of Class A Ordinary Shares sold in this offering, at an exercise price equal to 100% of the initial exercise price of the Common Warrants issued in this offering. The Placement Agent Warrants will be exercisable commencing six (6) months after the date of effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and will remain exercisable until the three (3) year anniversary of such date. For more information regarding the Placement Agent Warrants, you should carefully read the section titled “Description of Securities We Are Offering” in this prospectus. | |
| Voting Rights | Each Class A Ordinary Share entitle the holder thereof to one (1) vote per share, and each Class B Ordinary Share entitle the holder thereof to twenty-five (25) votes per share on all matters subject to vote at general meetings of the Company. | |
| Use of Proceeds | If the maximum offering amount is sold, we estimate that we will receive net proceeds of approximately US$9.1 million from this offering, assuming no sale of any Pre-Funded Warrants and no exercise of the Common Warrants or Placement Agent Warrants issued in connection with this offering, and after deducting the placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses of approximately US$0.9 million payable by us. We currently intend to use the net proceeds of the offering mainly for potential mergers and acquisitions to align with our strategic growth objective; we may also use certain portion of net proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes. However, because this is a best-efforts offering and there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to the closing of this offering, the actual offering amount, the placement agent’s fees and net proceeds to us are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the maximum amounts set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. |
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| Lock-up | We and our directors and officers and any other holder(s) of five percent (5.0%) or more of the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Company (and all holders of securities exercisable for or convertible into Ordinary Shares) have agreed not to issue, enter into any agreement to issue, announce the issuance or proposed issuance of, or file any registration statement in connection with, any Class A Ordinary Shares in a six-month period from the closing of this offering, subject to certain exceptions, without the prior written consent of the placement agent. | |
| Nasdaq Symbol | Our Class A Ordinary Shares are listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “RMSG”. We do not intend to list the Common Warrants or the Placement Agent Warrants on any securities exchange or other trading market. | |
| Risk Factors | See “Risk Factors” and other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of risks you should carefully consider before investing in our securities. | |
| Reasonable best efforts | We have agreed to offer and sell the securities offered hereby to the purchasers through the placement agent. The placement agent is not required to buy or sell any specific number or dollar amount of the securities offered hereby, but it will use its reasonable best efforts to solicit offers to purchase the securities offered by this prospectus. See “Plan of Distribution” on page 90 of this prospectus. |
| (1) | Unless otherwise indicated, this prospectus reflects and assumes no sale of the Pre-Funded Warrants, which if sold, would reduce the number of Class A Ordinary Shares that we are offering on a one-for-one basis and no exercise of the Placement Agent Warrants and the Common Warrants included in the Units offered hereby. |
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RISK FACTORS
Investment in our securities described in this prospectus involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below together with all of the other information included in this prospectus before making an investment decision. The risks and uncertainties described below represent our known material risks to our business. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could suffer. In that case, you may lose all or part of your investment. You should not invest in this Offering unless you can afford to lose your entire investment.
Risks Relating to the Group’s Business and Industry
Our limited operating history and our evolving business make it difficult to evaluate and assess the success of our business to date, our future prospects and the risks and challenges that we may encounter.
These risks and challenges include our ability to:
| ● | accurately forecast our future revenue and plan our expenses; |
| ● | successfully introduce new products and services; |
| ● | successfully compete with current and future competitors; |
| ● | successfully expand our business in existing markets and enter new markets and geographies; |
| ● | comply with existing and new laws and regulations applicable to our business and the industry in which we operate; |
| ● | anticipate and respond to macroeconomic changes as well as changes in the markets and geographies in which we operate; |
| ● | obtain sufficient additional capital on reasonable terms to grow our business; |
| ● | maintain and expand our relationships with users, advertisers and other third parties; |
| ● | successfully execute on our sales and marketing strategies; |
| ● | hire, integrate and retain talented people at all levels of our organization; |
| ● | expand through future acquisitions and successfully identify and integrate acquired entities; |
| ● | successfully in-license or acquire other products and technologies and the terms of these transactions; |
| ● | successfully protect, maintain, expand, defend and enforce our intellectual property rights; and |
| ● | effectively manage our growth. |
If we fail to address the risks and difficulties that we face, including those associated with the challenges listed above as well as those described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be adversely affected. Further, because we have limited historical financial data and our business continues to evolve, any predictions about our future revenue and expenses may not be as accurate as they would be if we had a longer operating history, operated a more predictable business or operated in a less regulated industry. We have encountered and will continue to encounter multiple risks and uncertainties that are frequently experienced by growing companies with limited operating histories and evolving business that operate in rapidly changing, competitive industries. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties, which we use to plan and operate our business, are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our results of operations could differ materially from our expectations and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
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We are implementing a new strategy focused on acquiring a controlling stake in revenue-generating real estate brokerages and technology companies to build a vertically integrated real estate platform. During our transformation, our operations may be exposed to new risks.
As part of our strategy to transform the business into a global real estate technology ecosystem, we intend to expand through acquisitions of revenue-generating real estate brokerages and complementary proptech companies. This will require us to navigate new risks, including but not limited to:
| ● | the complexities of identifying, valuing, acquiring, and integrating brokerage and proptech companies, which may lead to us incurring increased legal and other professional costs arising from the acquisition transactions. There is inherent risk in every acquisition transaction, such as the Company bearing responsibility for the hidden liabilities of the target company that were not uncovered by due diligence, or an inflated valuation of the target company. Hidden liabilities could arise out of the target company’s failure to maintain effective data security, data integrity, disaster recovery and privacy controls prior to the acquisition, or its infringement or alleged infringement of third-party intellectual property, contract or data access rights prior to the acquisition; |
| ● | upon our acquisition of a real estate brokerage, we are subject to the acquired brokerages’ financial performance, revenue volatility of the acquired brokerages may result in an adverse impact on our financial operations; |
| ● | we are dependent on the retention of agents of any acquired brokerages, failure to adequately retain or integrate agents into our platform ecosystem and not capturing synergies, can result in anticipated revenue boosts not materializing; |
| ● | we may face hurdles in the integration of systems, teams, and workflows with acquired brokerages and proptech companies, this can increase the likelihood of disruptions to our operations and affect productivity; |
| ● | in the process of acquiring and integrating real estate brokerages and proptech companies of different jurisdictions, we are exposed to legal and regulatory compliance risks across multiple jurisdiction in terms of corporation requirements, licensing requirements, cross-border contractual obligations, taxation and financial compliance, cybersecurity, intellectual property, data privacy and consumer protection; |
| ● | execution risks associated with developing and integrating proprietary technology solutions, such as poor project management, system incompatibilities, data migration issues, workflow disruptions, and user resistance; |
| ● | risks relating to our ability to successfully raise funding whether through private placements or registered offerings; |
| ● | in evolving our business, we face a shift in the competitive landscape and tech-enabled brokerages pose a growing threat. We face the challenge that tech-enabled brokerages may have leaner operations, rapid scalability, and compete for talent in the market; and |
| ● | operational and reputational risks that stem from managing decentralized brokerage teams, such as difficulty monitoring performance across different jurisdictions, inconsistent approaches between teams that may lead to inefficiencies and errors, coordination breakdown in strategic alignment, data security vulnerabilities, training gaps, teams operating under different standards leading to mixed client experiences that dilute brand trust, communication missteps where messaging from local teams conflict with our overreaching values or strategy, and poor service quality in a region affecting reputation of the entire ecosystem, |
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As the Company pursues a strategic transformation, failure to effectively manage the new risks associated or to address the broader challenges encountered may prevent the Company from realizing the expected benefits of vertical integration. These risks may result in operational inefficiencies, regulatory liabilities, reputational damage, and integration setbacks, which could adversely affect the Company’s operating results and financial condition.
Possible failure to realize anticipated benefits of future acquisitions could impact the Company’s business.
The Company intends to complete acquisitions to strengthen its position in the real estate industry and to create the opportunity to realize certain benefits including, among other things, potential cost savings. Achieving the benefits of any future acquisitions depends, in part, on successfully consolidating functions and integrating operations, procedures and personnel in a timely and efficient manner, as well as the Company’s ability to realize the anticipated growth opportunities and synergies from combining the acquired businesses and operations with its own. The integration of acquired businesses requires the dedication of substantial management effort, time and resources which may divert management’s focus and resources from other strategic opportunities and from operational matters during this process. The integration process may result in the loss of key employees and the disruption of ongoing business, user and employee relationships that may adversely affect the Company’s ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of these and future acquisitions.
Acquisitions and joint ventures are inherently risky, and any that the Company completes may not be successful. Any acquisitions and joint ventures that the Company pursues would involve numerous risks that can hinder materialization of anticipated benefits, including the following: (i) difficulties in integrating and managing the operations and technologies of the companies the Company acquires, including higher than expected integration costs and longer integration periods; (ii) diversion of the Company’s management’s attention from normal daily operations of its business; (iii) the Company’s inability to maintain the users, key employees, key business relationships and reputations of the businesses it acquires; (iv) the Company’s inability to generate sufficient revenue or business efficiencies from acquisitions or joint ventures to offset its increased expenses associated with acquisitions or joint ventures; (v) delays in the Company’s ability to implement internal standards, controls, procedures and policies in the businesses it acquires or gains ownership in through joint ventures and increased risk that its internal controls will be ineffective; (vi) operations in a nascent state depend directly on utilization by the Company’s agents and brokers; (vii) adverse effects of acquisition and joint venture activity on the key performance indicators the Company uses to monitor its performance as a business; (viii) disagreements with partners in the joint ventures which could lead to litigation, and (ix) inability to fully realize intangible assets recognized through acquisitions or joint ventures and related non-cash impairment charges that may result if the Company is required to revalue such intangible assets.
The Company’s failure to address these risks or any other challenges it encounters with its future acquisitions, joint ventures, and investments could cause it to not realize all or any of the anticipated benefits of such acquisitions or investments, incur unanticipated liabilities, and harm the Company’s business, which could negatively impact its operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.
We are an early-stage company and have not generated, and may never generate, material revenue or become profitable.
To generate and grow our revenue, we intend to move quickly to establish our business as a “go-to” solution for influential real estate industry participants and consumers, on a large scale, benefitting from network effects. This will require us to be successful in a range of challenging activities, including validating our business model and leveraging key third-party relationships.
Our ability to generate revenue depends on a number of factors, including, but not limited to, our ability to:
| ● | grow and position our real estate portal to effectively compete with other solutions; |
| ● | hire additional qualified personnel; |
| ● | acquire and integrate high performing brokerages and proptech companies into our business; |
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| ● | enforce and defend intellectual property rights and claims; and |
| ● | maintain substantial and sustained interest in, and engagement with, our solutions. |
Due to the uncertainties and risks associated with these activities, we are unable to accurately and precisely predict the timing and amount of revenues, or the extent of any losses. We may never generate revenue that is significant enough to achieve profitability. If we do achieve profitability, we may not be able to sustain or increase profitability on a quarterly or annual basis and we will continue to incur substantial research and development, advertising, and other expenditures to grow and market our solutions. Our failure in any of the above activities could jeopardize our revenue generation, growth and profitability and could decrease the value of our securities and impair our ability to raise capital, maintain our research and development efforts, expand our business or continue our operations.
Our business model is untested and may never be successful or generate sufficient growth to sustain profitability.
We are building an innovative platform for the real estate industry, leveraging our proprietary technology and unique experiences. However, our business model is untested, and any of the assumptions underlying our expectations may be incorrect. There can be no assurance that our assumptions are correct or that, if correct, our strategy will succeed.
Our business model may never be successful or generate sufficient growth to sustain profitability. Our competitors or new market entrants may adopt similar or otherwise more favorable products and strategies, leading to significant price competition and/or reducing or eliminating our competitive advantage, each of which could adversely affect our potential future revenues.
We are dependent on the active involvement of our key personnel.
The Company’s ability to effectively manage its growth relies on the performance of highly skilled personnel, including its Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder, Kwai Hoi, Ma (Thomas Ma), among other members of its management team and other key employees. The loss of key personnel or an inability to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel may impair the Company’s ability to expand its business and achieve its financial goals. The Company’s success is substantially dependent upon the continued service and performance of its senior management team and key personnel with digital, technical and real estate expertise. Mr. Ma has a significant influence on and is a driver of the Company’s business plan and business, design and technology development. If he were to discontinue his service to the Company’s, The Company’s would be significantly disadvantaged. The replacement of any members of the Company’s senior management team or other key personnel likely would involve significant time and costs and may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of the Company’s business objectives.
We have a short operating history in a new and unproven market, which makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and may increase the risk that we will not be successful.
We have a short operating history in a new and unproven market that may not develop as expected, if at all. This short operating history makes it difficult to effectively assess our future prospects. You should consider our business and prospects in light of the risks and difficulties we encounter in this rapidly evolving market. These risks and difficulties include our ability to, among other things:
| ● | increase our number of users in our portal and the level of user engagement; |
| ● | finance and conduct M&A activities to bring high performing real estate brokerages into our portal; |
| ● | continue the revenue generation performance of real estate brokerages that we may acquire in the future; |
| ● | avoid interruptions or disruptions in our services and our app; |
| ● | develop a scalable, high-performance technology infrastructure that can efficiently and reliably handle increased usage globally, as well as the deployment of new features and products; |
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| ● | responsibly use the data that our users share with us to provide solutions that make our users more successful and productive; |
| ● | generate and then increase revenue by offering users a more efficient way to conduct their business; |
| ● | continue to earn and preserve our users’ trust with respect to their real estate needs; |
| ● | process, store and use personal data in compliance with governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy; |
| ● | successfully compete with other companies that are currently in, or may in the future enter, the online real estate space; |
| ● | hire, integrate and retain world class talent; and |
| ● | successfully expand our business, especially in different countries. |
If the market for our solutions does not develop as we expect, or if we fail to address the needs of this market, our business will be harmed. We may not be able to successfully address these risks and difficulties or others, including those described elsewhere in these risk factors. Failure to adequately address these risks and difficulties could harm our business and cause our operating results to suffer.
We may not timely and effectively scale and adapt our existing technology and network infrastructure to ensure that our portal attracts and retains higher performing real estate brokerage teams and users. We may also face user resistance in our introduction of new technology features.
The Company’s business strategy is dependent on its ability to develop platforms and features to attract new businesses and users, while retaining existing ones. The introduction of new products and new technologies, the emergence of new industry standards, or improvements to existing technologies could render the Company’s platform obsolete or relatively less competitive. There is no guarantee that agents or users will use the Company’s new features and the Company may fail to generate revenue from these services. Existing users of our platform may feel alienated by unfamiliar interfaces and changes in features they had previously relied on, leading to reduced engagement and user resistance. Users may require additional communication, training, and opportunities for feedback upon the Company’s launching of new features to its platform.
Additionally, any of the following events may cause decreased use of our platform: (a) emergence of competing platforms and applications with novel technologies; (b) inability to convince potential agents to join our platform; (c); technical issues or delays in releasing, updating or integrating certain platforms or in the cross-compatibility of multiple platforms; (d) security breaches with respect to our data; (e) a rise in safety or privacy concerns; and (f) an increase in the level of spam or undesired content on the network.
Structural changes in the U.S. residential real estate market have materially impacted, and may continue to impact, the future of home purchases in the U.S., including overall market financial condition, and subsequently, our operating results.
Our performance is related to the health and dynamics of the U.S. residential real estate and mortgage markets, which have been undergoing sustained structural changes. These changes—rather than short-term cyclical fluctuations—reflect fundamental shifts in affordability, consumer behavior, monetary policy, and industry structure that are beyond our control. Key drivers include persistently elevated mortgage interest rates, affordability constraints driven by years of home price appreciation outpacing wage growth, and limited housing inventory. These factors have contributed to a prolonged reduction in existing home sales, beginning in the second quarter of 2022 and continuing through 2024.
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Although the Federal Reserve began reducing interest rates in late 2024, rates remain significantly above pre-2022 levels, and housing affordability remains a major barrier for both first-time and move-up buyers. Additionally, demographic trends, evolving consumer preferences (including delayed homeownership), and structural shifts in the financial sector’s approach to mortgage lending are contributing to a realignment of the market’s long-term baseline activity levels. These developments may continue to suppress transaction volume and reduce market velocity. Structural weakness in the market has historically correlated with agent attrition, reduced productivity, and downward pressure on pricing. Accordingly, these changes may have—and may continue to have—a material adverse effect on the overall financial condition of the U.S. residential brokerage industry, and subsequently, the results of our future operations.
The market is also increasingly exposed to broader systemic risks, including a tightening regulatory environment, potential changes to tax laws, and environmental risks such as climate-related disasters, which can destabilize local housing markets. Weakness or instability in financial institutions could reduce access to mortgage financing, further compounding these pressures.
Monetary policies of the U.S. federal government and its agencies may have an adverse impact on the residential brokerage market, influencing the results of our operations and financial condition.
Monetary policies enacted by the federal government and its agencies have a significant impact on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The residential real estate market is particularly influenced by the policies of the Federal Reserve Board, which regulate the supply of money and credit in the U.S. economy and influence home mortgage interest rates.
As of the second quarter of 2025, mortgage rates remain elevated compared to pre-2022 levels, despite recent efforts by the Federal Reserve to ease monetary policy. Persistently high mortgage rates continue to weigh on housing affordability and have contributed to a prolonged period of subdued transaction volume. Companies involved in the residential real estate sector have experienced—and may continue to experience—negative effects from this high interest rate environment.
Rising mortgage rates can lead potential home sellers to delay listing their properties, opting to retain lower-rate mortgages rather than incur higher financing costs on new purchases. Similarly, many potential homebuyers may choose to rent rather than face higher monthly mortgage payments, reducing overall market activity. These dynamics create a structural shift in the housing market, impacting supply, demand, and transaction velocity over the medium to long term.
Changes in Federal Reserve policies, the interest rate environment, and mortgage market conditions remain largely beyond our control and difficult to predict. These factors pose ongoing risks that could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Ongoing antitrust litigation involving real estate brokerage firms, the National Association of Realtors (NAR) and related real estate industry participants, could result in material changes to the residential real estate market, which may present both opportunities for our business, and risks that are difficult to quantify.
Although we believe that our technology is likely to fare well amid industry disruption, we cannot provide assurance that this will be the case. Ongoing antitrust litigation (including any injunctive relief, appeals or settlements), either alone or in combination with related regulatory or governmental actions, or any resulting changes to competitive dynamics or consumer preferences, could materially adversely impact the structure of the industry, including by potentially changing brokerage commission structures in ways that disincentivize real estate agents, and potentially reducing the number of active real estate agents in the market particularly on the buyer agent side.
If we do not anticipate and prepare for such changes, or capitalize upon them, they may adversely affect our services and financial results.
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The Company’s commercial and financial success depends on market acceptance, and if not achieved will result in the Company not being able to generate revenue to support its operations.
The commercial success of the Company depends, among other things, on market acceptance. The success of the Company’s products and any new products and services that it may launch is dependent upon its ability to attract and retain a critical mass of users in potentially diverse geographic locations. Competitive pricing and market acceptance also depends on the future pricing and availability of competing services and the perceived comparative efficacy of its products. If the Company cannot monetize these services, or cannot offer competitive pricing packages, its operating results and revenue generation efforts will be adversely affected.
If agents and brokers do not understand the Company’s value proposition the Company may not be able to attract, retain and incentivize agents.
Agents may not appreciate the Company’s value proposition in respect of the technology platform, the mobility it affords, the systems and tools that it provides to agents and brokers, among other benefits. If agents and brokers do not understand the elements of the Company’s service offering, or do not perceive it to be more valuable than the models used by most competitors or the model used prior to joining the Company’s network, the Company may not be able to attract, retain and incentivize new and existing agents and brokers to grow their revenues.
If the Company fails to grow in the various local markets that it serves in the future or is unsuccessful in identifying and pursuing new business opportunities, the Company’s long-term prospects and profitability will be harmed.
To capture and retain market share in the various local markets that the Company seeks to serve, it must compete successfully against other brokerages for agents and brokers and for the consumer relationships that it brings. The Company’s competitors could lower the fees that they charge to agents and brokers or could raise the compensation structure for those agents. The Company’s competitors may have access to greater financial resources than it, allowing them to undertake expensive local advertising or marketing efforts. In addition, the Company’s competitors may be able to leverage local relationships, referral sources and strong local brand and name recognition that it has not established. The Company’s competitors could, as a result, have greater leverage in attracting new and established agents in the market and in generating business among local consumers. The Company’s ability to grow in the local markets that it seeks to serve will depend on its ability to compete with these local brokerages.
The Company may implement changes to its business model and operations to generate and grow revenues that cause a disproportionate increase in its expenses or reduce profit margins. Establishing and expanding its service offerings could involve significant up-front costs that may only be recovered after lengthy periods of time. In addition, expansion into new markets, including internationally, could expose the Company to additional compliance obligations and regulatory risks. If the Company fails to continue to grow in the local markets it serves or if it fails to successfully identify and pursue new business opportunities, its long-term prospects, financial condition, and results of operations may be harmed, and its stock price may decline.
The Company’s growth strategy may not achieve the anticipated results.
The Company’s future success will depend on its ability to grow its business, including through benefiting from the financial performances of acquired brokerages, synergies generated from joint ventures or integration of proprietary technology from acquired proptech companies, and monetization of its platform services. Growth and innovation strategies require significant commitments of management resources and investments and the Company may not grow the revenues of the brokerage firm that it may acquire in the future at the rate it expects or at all. As a result, the Company may not be able to recover the costs incurred in its acquisition of brokerages or proptech companies, development of new features and initiatives, or to realize their intended or projected benefits, which could materially adversely affect its business, financial condition or results of operations.
There is intense competition in the Software as a Service and real estate brokerage industries.
Both the SaaS and real estate brokerage industries are highly competitive and rapidly changing, and the Company expects that competition will intensify in the future. The Company may be significantly affected by new product introductions and geographic expansion by existing competition. Specific factors upon which the Company competes include, but are not limited to, the functionality of its applications, ease of use, timing for implementation, quality of support and services, and price. The Company’s potential competitors include other real estate brokerage firms, as well as technology companies developing SaaS services and novel technologies designed for the real estate sector. Many of these potential competitors have significantly greater financial, technical, marketing and other resources than the Company does. Many of them also have longer operating histories, greater name recognition and stronger relationships with agents and/or consumers who use or might use a software-based real estate platform. The Company may not be able to successfully compete with these competitors.
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If our security measures are compromised, or if our apps or our platform is subject to attacks that degrade or deny the ability of users to access our solutions, users may curtail or stop use of our solutions.
Our solutions involve the storage and transmission of users’ information, some of which may be private, and security breaches could expose us to a risk of loss of this information, which could result in potential liability and litigation. Like all apps and websites, our app and our websites are vulnerable to computer viruses, break-ins, phishing attacks, attempts to overload our servers with denial-of-service or other attacks and similar disruptions from unauthorized use of our computer systems, any of which could lead to interruptions, delays, or website shutdowns, causing loss of critical data or the unauthorized disclosure or use of personally identifiable or other confidential information. If we experience compromises to our security that result in app/website performance or availability problems, the complete shutdown of our app, or the loss or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, our users may lose trust and confidence in us, and decrease the use of our app or stop using our app in its entirety. Further, outside parties may attempt to fraudulently induce employees, or users to disclose sensitive information in order to gain access to our information or our users’ information. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access, disable or degrade service, or sabotage systems change frequently, often are not recognized until launched against a target and may originate from less regulated and remote areas around the world, we may be unable to proactively address these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. Any or all of these issues could negatively impact our ability to attract new users and increase engagement by existing users, cause existing users to close their accounts or to cancel their contracts, subject us to third-party lawsuits, regulatory fines or other action or liability, thereby harming our operating results.
We process, store and use personal information and other data, which subjects us to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy, and our actual or perceived failure to comply with such obligations could harm our business.
We receive, store and process personal information and other user data, and we enable our users to share their personal information with each other and with third parties. There are numerous federal, state and local laws around the world regarding privacy and the storing, sharing, use, processing, disclosure and protection of personal information and other user data, the scope of which are changing, subject to differing interpretations, and may be inconsistent between countries or conflict with other rules. We generally comply with industry standards and are subject to the terms of our privacy policies and privacy-related obligations to third parties (including voluntary third-party certification bodies such as TRUSTe). We strive to comply with all applicable laws, policies, legal obligations and industry codes of conduct relating to privacy and data protection, to the extent possible. However, it is possible that these obligations may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules or our practices. Any failure or perceived failure by us to comply with our privacy policies, our privacy-related obligations to users or other third parties, or our privacy-related legal obligations, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other user data, may result in governmental enforcement actions, litigation or public statements against us by consumer advocacy groups or others and could cause our users to lose trust in us, which could have an adverse effect on our business. Additionally, if third parties we work with, such as vendors or developers, violate applicable laws or our policies, such violations may also put our users’ information at risk and could in turn have an adverse effect on our business.
Public scrutiny of Internet privacy issues may result in increased regulation and different industry standards, which could deter or prevent us from providing our current products and solutions to our users, thereby harming our business.
The regulatory framework for privacy issues worldwide is currently in flux and is likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. Practices regarding the collection, use, storage, transmission and security of personal information by companies operating over the Internet have recently come under increased public scrutiny. The U.S. government, including the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Commerce, has announced that it is reviewing the need for greater regulation for the collection of information concerning consumer behavior on the Internet, including regulation aimed at restricting certain targeted advertising practices. In addition, the European Union is in the process of proposing reforms to its existing data protection legal framework, which may result in a greater compliance burden for companies with users in Europe. Various government and consumer agencies have also called for new regulation and changes in industry practices.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) is a rapidly growing technology with the potential to transform many industries, but it also poses significant risks for our business.
Our solutions incorporate AI and the potential for unintended consequences is a major concern, as it could lead to unexpected disruptions in business operations, financial losses, and reputational damage. AI has the potential to rapidly disrupt established industries, business models and practices. Notwithstanding the powerful potential of this new technology, it entails substantial risks. These include the potential for bias in the data used to train AI systems. If the data used to train an AI system is biased, the resulting model may make inaccurate or unfair decisions, leading to negative consequences for our users and our business. Use of biased models could lead to regulatory fines and legal action for our users and potentially for our business. Another risk associated with AI is the potential for unintended consequences from the use of AI systems. This could include users feeling misled by, or mistrustful of, our solutions. Although we regularly take steps to mitigate the risks posed by AI, such as by implementing robust governance and risk management processes for our AI systems, and regularly testing and monitoring their performance, we cannot provide assurance that we will successfully leverage their potential.
Our business, including our ability to operate and expand internationally, could be adversely affected if legislation or regulations are adopted, interpreted, or implemented in a manner that is inconsistent with our current business practices and that require changes to these practices, the design of our website, products, features or our privacy policy.
In particular, the success of our business has been, and we expect will continue to be, driven by our ability to responsibly use the data that our users share with us. Therefore, our business could be harmed by any significant change to applicable laws, regulations or industry practices regarding the use or disclosure of data our users choose to share with us, or regarding the manner in which the express or implied consent of consumers for such use and disclosure is obtained. Such changes may require us to modify our products and features, possibly in a material manner, and may limit our ability to develop new products and features that make use of the data that our users voluntarily share with us.
Our business is subject to a variety of U.S. and foreign laws, many of which are unsettled and still developing and which could subject us to claims or otherwise harm our business.
We are subject to a variety of laws in the United States and abroad, including laws regarding data retention, privacy and consumer protection, that are continuously evolving and developing. The scope and interpretation of the laws that are or may be applicable to us are often uncertain and may be conflicting, particularly laws outside the United States. For example, laws relating to the liability of providers of online services for activities of their users and other third parties are currently being tested by a number of claims, including actions based on invasion of privacy and other torts, unfair competition, copyright and trademark infringement, and other theories based on the nature and content of the materials searched, the ads posted, or the content provided by users. In addition, regulatory authorities around the world are considering a number of legislative and regulatory proposals concerning data protection and other matters that may be applicable to our business. It is also likely that as our business grows and evolves and our solutions are used in a greater number of countries, we will become subject to laws and regulations in additional jurisdictions. It is difficult to predict how existing laws will be applied to our business and the new laws to which we may become subject.
If we are not able to comply with these laws or regulations or if we become liable under these laws or regulations, we could be directly harmed, and we may be forced to implement new measures to reduce our exposure to this liability. This may require us to expend substantial resources or to discontinue certain solutions, which would negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the increased attention focused upon liability issues as a result of lawsuits and legislative proposals could harm our reputation or otherwise impact the growth of our business. Any costs incurred as a result of this potential liability could harm our business and operating results.
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We expect our operating results to fluctuate on a quarterly and annual basis, which may result in a decline in our stock price if such fluctuations result in a failure to meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors.
Our future potential revenue and operating results could vary significantly from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year and may fail to match our past performance because of a variety of factors, some of which are outside of our control. Any of these events could cause the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares to fluctuate. Factors that may contribute to the variability of our operating results include:
| ● | the unproven nature of our business model; |
| ● | our commitment to putting our users first even if it means forgoing short-term revenue opportunities; |
| ● | the cost of investing in our technology infrastructure may be greater than we anticipate; |
| ● | our ability to increase our user base and user engagement; |
| ● | disruptions or outages in our website availability, actual or perceived breaches of privacy, and compromises of our user data; |
| ● | the entrance of new competitors in our market whether by established companies or the entrance of new companies; |
| ● | changes in our pricing policies or those of our competitors; |
| ● | macroeconomic changes, in particular, deterioration in real estate markets, which would adversely impact sales of our solutions, or economic growth that does not lead to growth in real estate prices and activity, for instance growth coupled with increases in interest rates; |
| ● | the timing and costs of expanding our sales organization and delays or inability in achieving expected productivity; |
| ● | our ability to increase sales of our products and solutions to new users and expand sales of additional products and solutions to our existing users; and |
| ● | general industry and macroeconomic conditions. |
Given our short operating history and the rapidly evolving market of real estate-related apps, our historical operating results may not be useful to you in predicting our future operating results. If and when our revenue growth rate slows, we expect that the cyclicality and seasonality in our business may become more pronounced and may in the future cause our operating results to fluctuate. In addition, global economic concerns continue to create uncertainty and unpredictability and add risk to our future outlook. Sovereign debt issues and economic uncertainty in the United States and Europe and around the world raise concerns in markets important to our business. An economic downturn in any particular region in which we do business or globally could result in reductions in real estate activity and other adverse effects that could harm our operating results.
We have implemented a disaster recovery program, which allows us to move production to a back-up data center in the event of a catastrophe. Although this program is functional, it does not yet provide a real-time back-up data center, so if our primary data center shuts down, there will be a period of time that the website will remain shut down while the transition to the back-up data center takes place.
Our systems are also vulnerable to damage or interruption from catastrophic occurrences such as earthquakes, floods, fires, power loss, telecommunication failures, terrorist attacks and similar events. Our U.S. corporate offices and certain of the facilities we lease to house our computer and telecommunications equipment are located in Southern California, a region known for seismic activity. Despite any precautions we may take, the occurrence of a natural disaster or other unanticipated problems at our hosting facilities could result in lengthy interruptions in our services.
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We do not carry business interruption insurance sufficient to compensate us for the potentially significant losses, including the potential harm to the future growth of our business that may result from interruptions in our service as a result of system failures.
We expect that our costs will increase, such we may not be able to generate sufficient revenue to create and sustain profitability over the long term.
We expect our costs to increase in future periods, which could negatively affect our future operating results. In particular, in 2025, we plan to continue to invest for future growth, and as a result we do not expect to be profitable on a GAAP basis in 2025. We expect to continue to expend substantial financial and other resources on:
| ● | our technology infrastructure, including website architecture, development tools scalability, availability, performance and security, as well as disaster recovery measures; |
| ● | product development, including investments in our product development team and the development of new features; |
| ● | sales and marketing, including a significant expansion of our sales organization; |
| ● | international expansion in an effort to increase our user base, engagement and sales; and |
| ● | general administration, including legal and accounting expenses related to being a public company. |
These investments may not result in the generation of revenue, or in increased revenue or growth in our business. If we fail to generate and then grow our revenue and overall business, our operating results and business would be harmed.
We expect to face increasing competition in the market for online professional networks from social networking sites and Internet search companies, among others, as well as continued competition for users of our hiring and marketing solutions.
We face significant competition in all aspects of our business, and we expect such competition to increase, particularly in the market for online professional networks.
Our industry is evolving rapidly and is becoming increasingly competitive.
Larger and more established companies may focus on our market and could directly compete with us. Smaller companies, including application developers, could also launch new products and services that compete with us and that could gain market acceptance quickly. We also expect our existing competitors in the market for online real estate solutions to continue to focus on these areas. A number of these companies may have greater resources than us, which may enable them to compete more effectively. Additionally, users of social networks may choose to use, or increase their use of, those networks for their real estate activities, which may result in those users decreasing or eliminating their use of Real Messenger mobile application. Companies that currently focus on social networking could also expand their focus to professionals. We and other companies have historically established alliances and relationships with some of these companies to allow broader exposure to users and access to data online. We may also, in the future, establish alliances or relationships with other competitors or potential competitors. To the extent companies terminate such relationships and establish alliances and relationships with others, our business could be harmed. Specifically, we compete for users, enterprises and professional organizations as discussed below.
The market for online solutions focused on real estate is established (in terms of widespread interest by industry participants and solutions) and yet rapidly evolving (in terms of changes in features offered). Other companies such as large real estate brokerages, Zillow, Facebook, Alphabet (Google), Microsoft and Twitter are developing or could develop competing solutions. Further, some of these companies are partnering with third parties to offer products and services that could compete with ours. Our competitors may announce new products, services or enhancements that better address changing industry standards or the needs of users, such as mobile access. Any such increased competition could cause pricing pressure, loss of market share or decreased user engagement, any of which could adversely affect our business and operating results. Internet search engines could also change their methodologies in ways that adversely affect our ability to optimize our page rankings within their search results.
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If we fail to effectively manage our growth, our business and operating results could be harmed.
We expect growth in our headcount and operations, which will place significant demands on our management and our operational and financial infrastructure. As of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, approximately 61% and 17% of our employees had been with us for less than one year and approximately 61% and 38% for less than two years, respectively. As we continue to grow, we must effectively integrate, develop and motivate new employees in various countries around the world, and we must maintain the beneficial aspects of our corporate culture. In particular, we intend to continue to make investments in our research and development, sales, and our international operations. To attract top talent, we have had to offer, and believe we will need to continue to offer, highly competitive compensation packages before we can validate the productivity of those employees. The risks of over-hiring or over-compensating and the challenges of integrating a growing employee base into our corporate culture are exacerbated by our international expansion. Additionally, we may not be able to hire new employees quickly enough to meet our needs. If we fail to effectively manage our hiring needs and successfully integrate our new hires, our efficiency and ability to meet our forecasts and our employee morale, productivity and retention could suffer, and our business and operating results could be adversely affected.
Additionally, if we do not effectively manage the growth of our business and operations, the quality of our solutions could suffer, which could negatively affect our brand, operating results and overall business. Further, we have made changes in the past, and will in the future make changes, to our features, products and services that our users may not like, find useful or agree with. We may also decide to discontinue certain features, products or services, or charge for certain features, products or services that are currently free or increase fees for any of our features, products or services. If users are unhappy with these changes, they may decrease their engagement on our site, or stop using features, products or services or the site generally. They may, in addition, choose to take other types of action against us such as organizing petitions or boycotts focused on our company, our website or any of our services, filing claims with the government or other regulatory bodies, or filing lawsuits against us. Any of these actions could negatively impact our user growth and engagement and our brand, which would harm our business. To effectively manage this growth, we will need to continue to improve our operational, financial and management controls, and our reporting systems and procedures by, among other things:
| ● | improving our information technology infrastructure to maintain the effectiveness of our solutions; |
| ● | enhancing information and communication systems to ensure that our employees and offices around the world are well-coordinated and can effectively communicate with each other and our growing base of users, enterprises and professional organizations; |
| ● | enhancing our internal controls to ensure timely and accurate reporting of all of our operations; and |
| ● | appropriately documenting our information technology systems and our business processes. |
These systems enhancements and improvements will require significant capital expenditures and allocation of valuable management and employee resources. If we fail to implement these improvements effectively, our ability to manage our expected growth and comply with the rules and regulations that are applicable to publicly reporting companies will be impaired.
Our international operations are subject to increased challenges and risks.
We expect to significantly expand our international operations in the future through our acquisition strategy and by expanding our offerings in new languages and possibly by opening offices in new countries. However, we have limited operating history, and our ability to manage our business and conduct our operations internationally requires considerable management attention and resources and is subject to the particular challenges of supporting a rapidly growing business in an environment of multiple languages, cultures, customs, legal systems, alternative dispute systems, regulatory systems and commercial infrastructures. International expansion will require us to invest significant funds and other resources. Expanding internationally may subject us to risks that we have either not faced before or increase risks that we currently face, including risks associated with:
| ● | recruiting and retaining talented and capable employees in foreign countries; |
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| ● | providing solutions across a significant distance, in different languages and among different cultures, including potentially modifying our solutions and features to ensure that they are culturally relevant in different countries; |
| ● | increased competition from local websites and services, that provide online real estate solutions, who may also expand their geographic footprint; |
| ● | compliance with applicable foreign laws and regulations; |
| ● | longer payment cycles in some countries; |
| ● | credit risk and higher levels of payment fraud; |
| ● | compliance with anti-bribery laws including without limitation, compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the UK Anti-Bribery Act; |
| ● | currency exchange rate fluctuations; |
| ● | foreign exchange controls that might prevent us from repatriating cash earned outside the United States; |
| ● | political and economic instability in some countries; |
| ● | double taxation of our international earnings and potentially adverse tax consequences due to changes in the tax laws of the United States or the foreign jurisdictions in which we operate; and |
| ● | higher costs of doing business internationally. |
If our future potential revenue from our international operations, and particularly from our operations in the countries and regions on which we have focused our spending, do not exceed the expense of establishing and maintaining these operations, our business and operating results will suffer.
Our business depends on a strong brand, and any failure to maintain, protect and enhance our brand would hurt our ability to retain or expand our base of users, enterprises and professional organizations, or our ability to increase their level of engagement.
We have developed a strong brand that we believe has contributed significantly to the success of our business. Our brand is predicated on the idea that individual professionals will find immense value in building and maintaining their professional identities and reputations on our platform. Maintaining, protecting and enhancing the “Real Messenger” brand is critical to expanding our base of users, enterprises, advertisers, and other partners, and increasing their engagement with our website, and will depend largely on our ability to maintain user trust, be a technology leader and continue to provide high-quality solutions, which we may not do successfully. If we do not successfully maintain a strong brand, our business could be harmed.
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We may not be able to successfully halt the operations of apps and websites that aggregate our data as well as data from other companies, including social networks, or copycat websites that have misappropriated our data in the past or may misappropriate our data in the future.
From time to time, third parties have misappropriated our data through website scraping, robots or other means and aggregated this data on their websites with data from other companies. In addition, “copycat” websites and apps have misappropriated data on our network and attempted to imitate our brand or the functionality of our website. When we have become aware of such occurrences, we have employed technological or legal measures in an attempt to halt their operations. However, we may not be able to detect all such occurrences in a timely manner and, even if we could, technological and legal measures may be insufficient to stop their operations. In some cases, particularly in the case of third parties operating outside of the United States, our available remedies may not be adequate to protect us against such websites. Regardless of whether we can successfully enforce our rights against these third parties, any measures that we may take could require us to expend significant financial or other resources.
Failure to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights could harm our business and operating results.
We regard the protection of our trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks, trade dress, domain names and patents as critical to our success. In particular, we must maintain, protect and enhance the Real Messenger brand. We strive to protect our intellectual property rights by relying on foreign, federal, state and common law rights, as well as contractual restrictions. We enter into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and contractors, and confidentiality agreements with parties with whom we conduct business in order to limit access to, and disclosure and use of, our proprietary information. However, these contractual arrangements and the other steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property may not prevent the misappropriation of our proprietary information or deter independent development of similar technologies by others.
We pursue the registration of our domain names, trademarks, and service marks in the United States and in certain locations outside the United States. Effective trade secret, copyright, trademark, trade dress, domain name and patent prosecution is expensive to develop and maintain, both in terms of initial and ongoing registration requirements and the costs of defending our rights. We are seeking to protect our trademarks, patents, and domain names in an increasing number of jurisdictions, a process that is expensive and may not be successful or which may not pursue in every location. We may, over time, increase our investment in protecting our innovations through increased patent filing that is expensive and time-consuming.
Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our respective trade secrets or determine the validity and scope of proprietary rights claimed by others. Any litigation of this nature, regardless of outcome or merit, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management and technical resources, any of which could adversely affect our business and operating results. We may incur significant costs in enforcing our trademarks against those who attempt to imitate our “Real Messenger” brand. If we fail to maintain, protect and enhance our intellectual property rights, our business and operating results may be harmed and the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares could decline.
We may in the future be subject to legal proceedings and litigation, including intellectual property and privacy disputes, which are costly to defend and could harm our business and operating results.
We may become party to lawsuits in the normal course of business. Litigation in general is often expensive and disruptive to normal business operations. We expect to face in the future, allegations and lawsuits that we have infringed the intellectual property and other rights of third parties, including patents, privacy, trademarks, copyrights and other rights. Litigation, and particularly the patent infringement and class action matters we may face, may be protracted and expensive, and the results are difficult to predict. Adverse outcomes may result in significant settlement costs or judgments, require us to modify our products and features while we develop non-infringing substitutes or require us to stop offering certain features.
In addition, we use open-source software in our solutions and will use open-source software in the future. From time to time, we may face claims against companies that incorporate open-source software into their products, claiming ownership of, or demanding release of, the source code, the open-source software and/or derivative works that were developed using such software, or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open-source license. These claims could also result in litigation, require us to purchase a costly license or require us to devote additional research and development resources to change our solutions, any of which would have a negative effect on our business and operating results.
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Although the results of litigation and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that the final outcome of any matter that we currently face will have a material adverse effect on our business. However, there can be no assurance that our expectations will prove correct, and even if these matters are not resolved in our favor or without significant cash settlements, these matters, and the time and resources necessary to litigate or, resolve them, could harm our business, our operating results, our reputation or the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares.
If we do not continue to attract new users, or if existing users do not maintain their relationship with us, reduce their interaction with us, or fail to adopt or purchase additional solutions, we may not achieve our revenue projections, and our operating results would be harmed.
In order to generate revenue and grow our business, we must continually attract new users, sell additional solutions to existing users and retain users while maintaining their engagement. The success of our business will be highly correlated with the “network effect” that we and our users achieve. Having a large user network is expected to provide users confidence that Real Messenger mobile application is the best place for their real estate activities, and the best source of information on real estate opportunities of interest to them. A large user network creates a “domino effect” that inures to the benefit of Real Messenger mobile application and its users – namely, more users makes our solution more attractive to new users, resulting in a network effect that potentially strengthens our first-to-market advantage. However, despite the potential first-mover advantage of the Real Messenger mobile application network over other similar solutions, it is possible that real or perceived shortcomings in our network, or technological, regulatory or other developments, including the failure to implement planned changes, could result in a decline in popularity and acceptance of our network.
Our ability to do so depends in large part on the success of our sales and marketing efforts. We do not enter into long-term contracts with our users, and even if we do in future, they would likely be terminable on short notice. We have limited historical data with respect to rates of long-term user usage and retention, so we may not accurately predict future trends for any of these metrics.
We must demonstrate that our real estate solutions are an important tool for participants in the relevant real estate markets, and that our solutions provide them with access to desirable properties and to influential, affluent and highly educated audiences. However, potential users may not be familiar with our solutions or may prefer other more traditional products and services for their real estate needs.
The rate at which we expand our user base or increase our users’ renewal rates may decline or fluctuate because of several factors, including the prices of our solutions, the prices of products and services offered by our competitors, reduced hiring by our users or reductions in their hiring or marketing spending levels due to macroeconomic or other factors and the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of our solutions. If we do not attract new users or if our users do not renew their agreements for our solutions, renew on less favorable terms, or do not purchase additional functionality or offerings, our future revenue may grow more slowly than expected or decline.
Ultimately, attracting new users and retaining existing users requires that we continue to provide high quality solutions that our users value. In particular, our real estate solutions users will discontinue their purchases of our solutions if we fail to effectively connect them with the properties they seek. Therefore we must continue to demonstrate to our users that using our solutions is the most effective and cost-efficient way to maximize their results. Even if our marketing solutions are providing value to our users, advertisers are sensitive to general economic downturns and reductions in consumer spending, among other events and trends, which generally results in reduced advertising expenditures and could adversely affect sales of our marketing solutions. If we fail to provide high quality solutions and convince users of our value proposition, we may not be able to retain existing users or attract new users, which would harm our business and operating results.
We depend on world class talent to grow and operate our business, and if we are unable to hire, retain and motivate our personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.
Our future success will depend upon our continued ability to identify, hire, develop, motivate and retain world class talent. Our ability to execute efficiently is dependent upon contributions from all of our employees, in particular our senior management team. Key institutional knowledge remains with a small group of long-term employees and directors whom we may not be able to retain. We may not be able to retain the services of any of our long-term employees or other members of senior management in the future. We do not have employment agreements other than offer letters with any key employee, and we do not maintain key person life insurance for any employee. In addition, from time to time, there may be changes in our senior management team that may be disruptive to our business. If our senior management team, including any new hires that we may make, fails to work together effectively and to execute our plans and strategies on a timely basis, our business could be harmed.
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Our growth strategy also depends on our ability to expand and retain our organization with world class talent.
Identifying, recruiting, training and integrating qualified individuals will require significant time, expense and attention. In addition to hiring new employees, we must continue to focus on retaining our best talent. If we are not able to effectively increase and retain our talent, our ability to achieve our strategic objectives will be adversely impacted, and our business will be harmed.
Enterprises or professional organizations, including governmental agencies, may restrict access to our solutions, which could lead to the loss or slowing of growth in our user base or the level of user engagement.
Our solutions depend on the ability of our users to access the Internet and our application. Enterprises or professional organizations, including governmental agencies, could block access to our application or the Internet generally for a number of reasons such as security or confidentiality concerns or regulatory reasons, or they may adopt policies that prohibit listing the employers’ names on their employees’ Real Messenger profiles in order to minimize the risk that employees will be contacted and hired by other employers. For example, the government of the People’s Republic of China has at times blocked access to other social networks in China, temporarily or permanently. We cannot assure you that the Chinese government will not block access to one or more of our features and products or our application in China for a longer period of time or permanently. As another example, governmental agencies and industry organizations with responsibility for regulating real estate brokerage and related professions (whether such regulation has the force of law or otherwise), may block or limit access to our application out of concern that our solution competes with established means of marketing real estate, and/or violates applicable law. If these entities block or limit access to our application or adopt policies restricting our users from providing us with accurate and up-to-date information, the value of our network could be negatively impacted, which would adversely affect our ability to offer compelling real estate solutions to our users.
Our growth depends in part on the success of our strategic relationships with third parties.
We anticipate that we will continue to depend on relationships with various third parties, including technology and content providers to grow our business. Identifying, negotiating and documenting relationships with third parties require significant time and resources, as does integrating third-party content and technology. Our agreements with technology and content providers and similar third parties are typically non-exclusive and do not prohibit them from working with our competitors or from offering competing services. Our competitors may be effective in providing incentives to these parties to favor their solutions or may prevent us from developing strategic relationships with these parties. In addition, these third parties may not perform as expected under our agreements with them, and we have had, and may in the future have, disagreements or disputes with these parties, which could negatively affect our brand and reputation. It is possible that these third parties may not be able to devote the resources we expect to the relationship. If we are unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining our relationships with these third parties, our ability to compete in the marketplace or to generate or grow our revenue could be impaired, and our operating results would suffer. Even if we are successful, these relationships may not result in improved operating results.
If currency exchange rates fluctuate substantially in the future, the results of our operations, which are reported in U.S. dollars, could be adversely affected.
As we continue to expand our international operations, we become more exposed to the effects of fluctuations in currency exchange rates. We incur expenses for employee compensation and other operating expenses in Hong Kong and in the United States (in the local currency), and we expect that an increasing percentage of our future potential international revenue will be from users who pay us in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and those other currencies could result in the dollar equivalent of such expenses being higher and/or the dollar equivalent of any such foreign-denominated revenue being lower than would be the case if exchange rates were stable. This may result in losses on foreign currency exchange and could have a negative impact on our reported operating results. To date, we have not engaged in any hedging strategies, and any such strategies, such as forward contracts, options and foreign exchange swaps related to transaction exposures that we may implement to mitigate this risk may not eliminate our exposure to foreign exchange fluctuations.
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The intended tax benefits of our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements depend on the application of the tax laws of various jurisdictions and on how we operate our business.
Our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements, including the manner in which we develop and use our intellectual property and the transfer pricing of our intercompany transactions, are intended to reduce our worldwide effective tax rate. The application of the tax laws of various jurisdictions, including the United States, to our international business activities is subject to interpretation and depends on our ability to operate our business in a manner consistent with our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements. The taxing authorities of the jurisdictions in which we operate may challenge our methodologies for valuing developed technology or intercompany arrangements, including our transfer pricing, or determine that the manner in which we operate our business does not achieve the intended tax consequences, which could increase our worldwide effective tax rate and harm our financial position and results of operations.
The enactment of legislation implementing changes in the U.S. taxation of international business activities or the adoption of other tax reform policies could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.
The current administration has made public statements indicating that it has made international tax reform a priority, and key members of the U.S. Congress have conducted hearings and proposed new legislation. Changes to U.S. tax laws, including limitations on the ability of taxpayers to claim and utilize foreign tax credits and the deferral of certain tax deductions until earnings outside of the United States are repatriated to the United States, as well as changes to U.S. tax laws that may be enacted in the future, could impact the tax treatment of our foreign earnings. Due to the large and expanding scale of our international business activities, any changes in the U.S. taxation of such activities may increase our worldwide effective tax rate and harm our financial position and results of operations.
In order to support our acquisition strategy, we will require additional capital, and this capital might not be available on acceptable terms, if at all.
The Company has made the strategic decision to transition from a pure-play social app to a vertically integrated, technology-enabled real estate platform built through acquisitions. This strategy will require us to procure additional funds to finance our future acquisitions and/or to issue additional Class A Ordinary Shares as acquisition consideration.
If we raise additional funds through future issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing shareholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of holders of our Class A Ordinary Shares. Any debt financing we secure in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. In addition, the issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares as acquisition consideration could result in significant dilution to our existing holders of Class A Ordinary Shares.
We may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth through our acquisition strategy and to respond to business challenges could be significantly impaired, and our business may be harmed.
We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. These material weaknesses could adversely affect our ability to report our results of operations and financial condition accurately and in a timely manner.
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls over financial reporting designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our management is likewise required, on a quarterly basis, to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal controls and to disclose any changes and material weaknesses identified through such evaluation of those internal controls. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected and corrected on a timely basis.
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We have identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as follows: (1) we lack sufficient financial reporting and accounting personnel with appropriate knowledge of U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements to properly address certain accounting issues, and prepare and review financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements; (2) we lack comprehensive accounting policies and procedures manual in accordance with U.S. GAAP; and (3) we lack of sufficient controls designed and implemented in IT environment and IT general control activities, which are mainly associated with areas of logical access management, change management as well as cyber security management.
We intend to take a number of measures to remediate these material weakness, including without limitation:
- Appointing three independent director nominees who have extensive U.S. public company experience to serve on our board of directors.
- Establishing appropriate internal audit functions by engaging an external consulting firm to assist us with assessment of Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) compliance requirements and improvement of overall internal controls;
- Hiring additional qualified accounting personnel with relevant U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting experience and qualifications to strengthen our financial reporting function and to establish and maintain an appropriate financial and system control framework;
- Implementing regular and continuous U.S. GAAP accounting and financial reporting training programs for our accounting and financial reporting personnel; and
- Review additional options to strengthen corporate governance.
However, if we are unable to remediate these material weaknesses in a timely manner or if we identify additional material weaknesses, we may be unable to provide required financial information in a timely or reliable manner and we may incorrectly report financial information. Likewise, if our financial statements are not filed on a timely basis, we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the SEC, Nasdaq or other regulatory authorities. In such a case, there could be a material adverse effect on our business.
The existence of material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting could adversely affect our reputation or investor perceptions of us, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our stock. In addition, we may incur additional costs to remediate the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting.
We can give no assurance that the measures we intend to take will remediate the material weaknesses identified or that any additional material weaknesses or restatements of financial results will not arise in the future due to a failure to implement and maintain adequate internal control over financial reporting or circumvention of these controls or otherwise.
We may face litigation and other risks as a result of the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting.
As a result of the material weaknesses described above, we face potential litigation or other disputes, which may include, among others, claims invoking the federal and state securities laws, contractual claims or other claims arising from, among others, the material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements. As of the date of this prospectus, we have no knowledge of any such litigation or dispute. However, we can provide no assurance that such litigation or dispute will not arise in the future.
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Risks Related to Doing Business in China and/or Hong Kong
The Company is headquartered in California. The initial focus of its business is on the U.S. market and it does not expect to generate revenues in China (including Hong Kong and Macau). Therefore, we do not consider that the Company has its principal business operations in China (including Hong Kong and Macau). However, the majority of the Company’s development team is located in Hong Kong and nearly all of its board members currently reside in Hong Kong. It also has two Hong Kong subsidiaries: Real Corporation Limited, which houses the majority of its development team; and HOHOJO.com Limited, which is dormant company that holds certain deferred tax losses and conducts no operations whatsoever. Although Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region of China, has its own governmental and legal system that is independent from China under “One Country, Two Systems” policy, it is uncertain whether in the future the PRC government will exert substantial influence, discretion, oversight, and control over the manner in which Hong Kong-based entities must conduct their business activities. As a result, the legal and operational risks associated with operating in China also apply to the Company’s operations in Hong Kong.
China’s or Hong Kong’s economic, political and social conditions, as well as changes in any government policies, laws and regulations, could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects and certain transactions we may undertake are subject to economic, political and legal developments in Hong Kong and/or China.
Although Hong Kong has a separate legal and government system from China and has a market economy that is different from the planned economy in China, there is no guarantee that Hong Kong’s legal, governmental and economic systems will remain separate from those of China. China’s economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the amount of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. Although China’s economy has been transitioning from a planned economy to a more market-oriented economy since the late 1970s, the PRC government continues to play a significant role in regulating industry development by imposing industrial policies. The PRC government also exercises significant control over China’s economic growth through allocating resources, controlling the incurrence and payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. Changes in any of these policies, laws and regulations could adversely affect the economy in China and could have a material adverse effect on our business.
The PRC government has implemented various measures to encourage foreign investment and sustainable economic growth and to guide the allocation of financial and other resources. However, we cannot assure you that the PRC government will not repeal or alter these measures or introduce new measures that will have a negative effect on us. China’s social and political conditions may change and become unstable. Any sudden changes to China’s political system or the occurrence of widespread social unrest could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Our business is subject to complex and rapidly evolving laws and regulations in the PRC. The Chinese government may exercise significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business and may intervene in or influence our operations at any time, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our securities.
The PRC government has the power to exercise significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business, and the regulations to which we are subject may change rapidly and with little notice to us or our shareholders. As a result, the application, interpretation, and enforcement of new and existing laws and regulations in the PRC are often uncertain. In addition, these laws and regulations may be interpreted and applied inconsistently by different agencies or authorities, and inconsistently with our current policies and practices. New laws, regulations, and other government directives in the PRC may also be costly to comply with, and such compliance or any associated inquiries or investigations or any other government actions may:
| ● | Delay or impede our development, |
| ● | Result in negative publicity or increase our operating costs, |
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| ● | Require significant management time and attention, and |
| ● | Subject us to remedies, administrative penalties and even criminal liabilities that may harm our business, including fines assessed for our current or historical operations, or demands or orders that we modify or even cease our business practices. |
The promulgation of new laws or regulations, or the new interpretation of existing laws and regulations, in each case that restrict or otherwise unfavorably impact the ability or manner in which we conduct our business and could require us to change certain aspects of our business to ensure compliance, could decrease demand for our services, reduce future revenues, increase costs, require us to obtain more licenses, permits, approvals or certificates, or subject us to additional liabilities. To the extent any new or more stringent measures are required to be implemented, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected, and the value of Company’s Ordinary Shares could be materially adversely affected.
Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system, including uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws, and sudden or unexpected changes in laws and regulations in China could adversely affect us.
The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value.
In 1979, the PRC government began to promulgate a comprehensive system of laws, rules and regulations governing economic matters in general. The overall effect of legislation over the past four decades has significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investment in China. However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system, and recently enacted laws, rules and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China or may be subject to significant degrees of interpretation by PRC regulatory agencies. In particular, because these laws, rules and regulations are relatively new, and because of the limited number of published decisions and the nonbinding nature of such decisions, and because the laws, rules and regulations often give the relevant regulator significant discretion in how to enforce them, the interpretation and enforcement of these laws, rules and regulations involve uncertainties and can be inconsistent and unpredictable. In addition, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis or at all, and which may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until after the occurrence of the violation.
Any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal systems. These uncertainties may impede our ability to enforce the contracts we have entered into and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The PRC government has significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of a PRC company’s business and may intervene with or influence its operations at any time as the government deems appropriate to further regulatory, political and societal goals. The PRC government has recently published new policies that significantly affected certain industries such as the education and internet industries, and we cannot rule out the possibility that it will in the future release regulations or policies regarding any industry that could adversely affect the business, financial condition and results of operations of our Hong Kong subsidiaries. Uncertainties regarding the enforcement of laws and the fact that rules and regulations in China can change quickly with little advance notice, along with the risk that the Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time, could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of Company’s securities.
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If the Chinese government were to impose new requirements for approval from the PRC authorities to issue Company’s securities to foreign investors or list on a foreign exchange, such action could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless.
The General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the “Opinions on Severely Cracking Down on Illegal Securities Activities According to Law,” or the Opinions, which were made available to the public on July 6, 2021. The Opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities, and the need to strengthen the supervision over overseas listings by Chinese companies. We have been closely monitoring regulatory developments in China regarding any necessary approvals from the CSRC or other PRC governmental authorities required for overseas listings, including the Business Combination.
The Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the “M&A Rules,” adopted by the Chinese government requires an overseas special purpose vehicle formed for listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies and controlled by PRC companies or individuals to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On February 17, 2023, the CSRC released the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, or the Trial Measures, and five supporting guidelines, which came into effect on March 31, 2023. Pursuant to the Trial Measures, domestic companies that seek to offer or list securities overseas, both directly and indirectly, should fulfill the filing procedure and report relevant information to the CSRC. Since these statements and regulatory actions by the PRC government are newly published, their interpretation, application and enforcement is unclear and there also remains significant uncertainty as to the enactment, interpretation and implementation of other regulatory requirements related to overseas securities offerings and other capital markets activities.
To the best of our knowledge, on the basis that the Company does not have any business operations in mainland China, the Business Combination is not subject to any registration or filing with the CSRC under the Trial Measures. However, our ability to offer, or continue to offer, securities to investors would be potentially hindered and the value of our securities might significantly decline or become worthless, by existing or future laws and regulations relating to its business or industry or by intervene or interruption by PRC governmental authorities, if (i) we or our subsidiaries do not receive or maintain such filings, permissions or approvals required by the PRC government, (ii) we inadvertently conclude that such filings, permissions or approvals are not required, (iii) applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change and we are required to obtain such filings, permissions or approvals in the future, or (iv) any intervention or interruption by PRC governmental occurs with little advance notice. Since these statements and regulatory actions by the PRC government are newly published and official guidance and related implementation rules have not been issued, it is highly uncertain how soon legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our daily business operation, the ability to accept foreign investments and list on an U.S. or other foreign exchange.
According to the Provisions of the State Council on the Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (Draft for Comments) (the “Administration Provisions”) and the Administrative Measures for the Filing of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (Draft for Comments) (the “Measures”), only new initial public offerings and refinancings by existing overseas listed Chinese companies will be required to go through the filing process with PRC administrations; other existing overseas listed companies will be allowed sufficient transition period to complete their filing procedure. It is uncertain when the Administration Provisions and the Measures will take effect or if they will take effect as currently drafted.
To the best of our knowledge, on the basis that the Company does not have any business operations in mainland China, (1) we and our subsidiaries are not required to obtain permission or approval from Chinese authorities to operate our business and to offer the securities being registered to foreign investors, (2) neither we nor our subsidiaries have applied for any permission or approval from Chinese authorities, including CSRC and CAC and we have not received or been denied such permissions by any PRC authorities, and (3) neither we nor our subsidiaries are covered by permissions requirements from the CSRC, CAC or any other governmental agency that is required to approve our operations or the Business Combination. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not received any inquiry, notice, warning, sanctions or regulatory objection to the Business Combination from the CSRC or other PRC governmental authorities. However, there remains significant uncertainty as to the enactment, interpretation and implementation of regulatory requirements related to overseas securities offerings and other capital markets activities.
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If it is determined in the future that the approval of the CSRC, the CAC or any other regulatory authority is required for the Business Combination, we may face sanctions by the CSRC, the CAC or other PRC regulatory agencies. The CSRC, the CAC, or other PRC regulatory agencies also may take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt the Business Combination before settlement and delivery of Company’s securities. Consequently, if you engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to settlement and delivery, you do so at the risk that settlement and delivery may not occur. In addition, if the CSRC, the CAC or other regulatory PRC agencies later promulgate new rules requiring that we obtain their approvals for the Business Combination, we may be unable to obtain a waiver of such approval requirements, if and when procedures are established to obtain such a waiver. Any uncertainties and/or negative publicity regarding such an approval requirement could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our securities.
Moreover, if (1) we are required to but do not receive or maintain approvals from the PRC authorities, (2) we inadvertently conclude that such approvals are not required, or (3) applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change such that we are required to obtain approval in the future, we may be subject to investigations by competent regulators, or to fines or penalties, and/or we may be ordered to suspend our relevant operations and rectify any non-compliance, or prohibited from engaging in relevant business or conducting any offering or business combination; and these risks could result in a material adverse change in our operations, significantly limit or completely hinder Company’s ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, or cause such securities to significantly decline in value or become worthless.
The Chinese government may exert substantial influence over the manner in which we must conduct our business activities, and may intervene or influence our operations at any time, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or cause the value of Company’s securities to significantly decline or become worthless.
The Chinese government has exercised and continues to exercise substantial control over virtually every sector of the Chinese economy through regulation and state ownership. Despite the current Hong Kong legal environment of “One Country, Two Systems,” if such policy extends to cover Hong Kong, the Company’s ability to operate in Hong Kong may be harmed by changes in its laws and regulations, including those relating to taxation, environmental regulations, land use rights, property and other matters. Accordingly, government actions in the future, including any decision not to continue to support recent economic reforms and to return to a more centrally planned economy or regional or local variations in the implementation of economic policies, could have a significant effect on economic conditions in China or particular regions thereof, and could require us to divest ourselves of any interest we then hold in Chinese properties.
We could be subject to regulations by various political and regulatory entities, including various local and municipal agencies and government sub-divisions. We may incur increased costs necessary to comply with existing and newly adopted laws and regulations or penalties for any failure to comply. If the PRC government initiates an investigation into us at any time alleging us violation of cybersecurity laws, anti-monopoly laws, and securities offering rules in China in connection with the Business Combination, we may have to spend additional resources and incur additional time delays to comply with the applicable rules, and our business operations will be affected materially and any such action could cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless. Any of the above could result in a material change in our operations and/or cause the value of Company’s securities to significantly decline or become worthless.
If the Chinese government chooses to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, such action could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless.
Recent statements by the Chinese government have indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investments in China based issuers. The PRC has recently promulgated new rules that require companies collecting or holding large amounts of data to undergo a cybersecurity review prior to listing in foreign countries, a move that will significantly tighten oversight over China-based internet giants. The Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021 version) was promulgated on December 28, 2021 and became effective on February 15, 2022. These measures specify that any “online platform operators” controlling the personal information of more than one million users which seek to list on a foreign stock exchange are subject to prior cybersecurity review.
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To the best of our knowledge, on the basis that the Company does not have any business operations in mainland China, the Business Combination is not subject to the review or prior approval of the CAC or the CSRC and we and our subsidiaries are not covered by such permissions requirements. Uncertainties still exist, however, due to the possibility that laws, regulations, or policies in the PRC could change rapidly in the future. Any future action by the PRC government expanding the categories of industries and companies whose foreign securities offerings are subject to review by the CSRC or the CAC could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors and could cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless.
U.S. regulatory bodies may be limited in their ability to conduct investigations or inspections of our Hong Kong subsidiaries.
Any disclosure of documents or information located in China by foreign agencies may be subject to jurisdiction constraints and must comply with China’s state secrecy laws, which broadly define the scope of “state secrets” to include matters involving economic interests and technologies. There is no guarantee that requests from U.S. federal or state regulators or agencies to investigate or inspect our Hong Kong subsidiaries could be honored by us, by entities who provide services to us or with whom we associate in China, without violating PRC legal requirements.
You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in Hong Kong, based on United States or other foreign laws, against us, our directors, executive officers or experts named in this prospectus. Therefore, you may not be able to enjoy the protection of such laws in an effective manner.
The Company is a Cayman Islands company. The Company currently conducts a portion of its operations in Hong Kong and has assets that are located in Hong Kong. Moreover, a majority of the Company’s executive officers and directors will reside in and/or have significant ties to Hong Kong. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for shareholders to bring an action against us or against these individuals in Hong Kong in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the securities laws of the United States or otherwise.
In addition, uncertainty also exists as to whether the courts of Hong Kong would recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against us or our officers and/or directors predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof, or be competent to hear original actions brought in Hong Kong against us or such persons predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof.
Risks Related to the Company’s Corporate Structure
In the event that the Company relies on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by its Hong Kong subsidiaries to fund any cash and financing requirements it may have, any limitation on the ability of the Hong Kong subsidiaries to make payments to the Company could have a material and adverse effect on its ability to conduct its business.
In general, PRC companies’ ability to distribute dividends is based upon their distributable earnings. Current PRC regulations permit a PRC company to pay dividends to its shareholders only out of its accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. If a PRC company incurs debt on its own in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other payments to its parent. The PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax rate of up to 10% will be applicable to dividends payable by Chinese companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises unless otherwise exempted or reduced according to treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC resident enterprises are incorporated.
Under Hong Kong law, dividends could only be paid out of distributable profits (that is, accumulated realized profits less accumulated realized losses) or other distributable reserves. Dividends cannot be paid out of share capital. Under the current practice of the Inland Revenue Department of Hong Kong, no tax is payable in Hong Kong in respect of dividends paid by us.
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Any limitation on the ability of the Company’s Hong Kong subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other distributions to the Company could materially and adversely limit the Company’s ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to the Company’s business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct its business.
To the extent cash or assets in the Company’s business is in Hong Kong or in its Hong Kong subsidiaries, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of Hong Kong due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the Company’s ability or the ability of its subsidiaries by the PRC government to transfer cash or assets.
The Company may in the future depend on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by its Hong Kong subsidiaries or depend on its assets located in China or Hong Kong for its cash and financing requirements. The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of the Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China. Shortages in availability of foreign currency may then restrict the ability of the Company’s subsidiaries to remit sufficient foreign currency to its offshore entities for its offshore entities to pay dividends or make other payments or otherwise to satisfy its foreign-currency-denominated obligations. Therefore, to the extent cash or assets in the Company’s business is in the PRC or Hong Kong or in the Hong Kong subsidiaries, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of the PRC or Hong Kong due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the Company’s ability or the ability of the Company’s subsidiaries by the PRC government to transfer cash or assets.
The PRC government may continue to strengthen its capital controls, and more restrictions and substantial vetting processes may be put forward by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange of the PRC (“SAFE”) for cross-border transactions. Any limitation on the ability of the Hong Kong subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other kinds of payments to the Company could materially and adversely limit its ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to its business, pay dividends or otherwise fund and conduct its business.
PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may prevent us from making loans or additional capital contributions to the Company’s Hong Kong subsidiaries, which could materially and adversely affect the Company’s liquidity and its ability to fund and expand its business.
Any funds transfer to a PRC subsidiary, either as a shareholder loan or as an increase in registered capital, are subject to approval by or registration with relevant governmental authorities in China. According to the relevant PRC regulations on foreign-invested enterprises, or FIEs, in China, capital contributions to a PRC company are subject to the approval of or filing with the Ministry of Commerce, or MOFCOM or its local branches and registration with a local bank authorized by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE. In addition, (i) a foreign loan of less one year duration procured by a PRC company is required to be registered with SAFE or its local branches and (ii) a foreign loan of one year duration or more procured by a PRC company is required to be applied to the NDRC in advance for undergoing recordation registration formalities. Any medium or long-term loan to be provided to a PRC company, must be registered with the NDRC and the SAFE or its local branches. If such regulations are applied to the Company’s Hong Kong subsidiaries in the future, we may not be able to complete such registrations on a timely basis, with respect to future capital contributions or foreign loans by the Company to the Hong Kong subsidiaries.
Currently the Hong Kong subsidiaries do not need to obtain approval from or register with governmental authorities in China or in Hong Kong in order to raise capital, but it is unclear if the PRC or Hong Kong authorities will in the future interpret the abovementioned regulations in a way that will subject Hong Kong companies to the same restrictions as a PRC company. If the abovementioned regulations is applied by the authorities to the Hong Kong subsidiaries, the Company’s ability to capitalize our operations through the Hong Kong subsidiaries may be negatively affected, which could adversely affect the Company’s liquidity and its ability to fund and expand its business.
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Risks Relating to our Securities
The Company’s share price may be volatile and could decline substantially.
The market price of Ordinary Shares may be volatile, both because of actual and perceived changes in the company’s financial results and prospects, and because of general volatility in the stock market. The factors that could cause fluctuations in the Company’s share price may include, among other factors discussed in this section, the following:
| ● | actual or anticipated variations in the financial results and prospects of the Company or other companies in a similar business; |
| ● | changes in financial estimates by research analysts; |
| ● | changes in the market valuations of other education technology companies; |
| ● | announcements by the Company or its competitors of expansions, investments, acquisitions, strategic partnerships or joint ventures; |
| ● | mergers or other business combinations involving the Company; |
| ● | additions and departures of key personnel and senior management; |
| ● | changes in accounting principles; |
| ● | the passage of legislation or other developments affecting the Company or its industry; |
| ● | the trading volume of the Ordinary Shares in the public market; |
| ● | the release of lockup, escrow or other transfer restrictions on the Company’s outstanding equity securities or sales of additional equity securities; |
| ● | potential litigation or regulatory investigations; |
| ● | changes in economic conditions, including fluctuations in global and regional economies; |
| ● | financial market conditions; |
| ● | natural disasters, terrorist acts, acts of war or periods of civil unrest; and |
| ● | the realization of some or all of the risks described in this section. |
In addition, the stock markets have experienced significant price and trading volume fluctuations from time to time, and the market prices of the equity securities of retailers have been extremely volatile and are sometimes subject to sharp price and trading volume changes. These broad market fluctuations may materially and adversely affect the market price of Ordinary Shares.
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The Company may issue additional Ordinary Shares or other equity or convertible debt securities without approval of the holders of Ordinary Shares which would dilute existing ownership interests and may depress the market price of Ordinary Shares.
The Company may issue additional Ordinary Shares or other equity or convertible debt securities of equal or senior rank in the future without approval of the holders of the Ordinary Shares in certain circumstances. The Company’s issuance of additional Ordinary Shares or other equity or convertible debt securities of equal or senior rank would have the following effects: (1) the Company’s existing shareholders’ proportionate ownership interest may decrease; (2) the amount of cash available per share, including for payment of dividends in the future, may decrease; (3) the relative voting power of each previously outstanding Ordinary Share may be diminished; and (4) the market price of Ordinary Shares may decline.
You may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings and other issuances of our Class A Ordinary Shares or other securities. In addition, this offering and future equity offerings and other issuances of our Class A Ordinary Shares or other securities may adversely affect the price of our Class A Ordinary Shares.
In order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our Class A Ordinary Shares or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our Class A Ordinary Shares at prices that may not be the same as the price per share in this offering. We may not be able to sell shares or other securities in any other offering at a price per share that is equal to or greater than the price per share paid by investors in this offering, and investors purchasing shares or other securities in the future could have rights superior to existing stockholders. The price per share at which we sell additional Class A Ordinary Shares or securities convertible into Class A Ordinary Shares in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share in this offering. The Common Warrants being issued in this offering contain a full ratchet anti-dilution adjustment which, subject to limited circumstances, would reduce the exercise price of the Common Warrants in the event that we in the future issue Class A Ordinary Shares, or securities convertible into or exercisable to purchase Class A Ordinary Shares, at a price per share lower than the exercise price then in effect. In addition, the sale of shares in this offering and any future sales of a substantial number of our Class A Ordinary Shares in the public market, or the perception that such sales may occur, could adversely affect the price of our Class A Ordinary Shares. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that market sales of those Class A Ordinary Shares or the availability of those Class A Ordinary Shares for sale will have on the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares.
Volatility in the Company’s share price could subject the Company to securities class action litigation.
The market price of the Ordinary Shares may be volatile and, in the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their shares have been subject to securities class action litigation. The Company may be the target of securities class action litigation and investigations. Securities litigation against the Company, regardless of the result thereof, could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention from other business concerns, which could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
There is no public market for the Common Warrants, Pre-Funded Warrants, or the Placement Agent Warrants in this offering.
There is no established public trading market for the Common Warrants, Pre-funded Warrants or the Placement Agent Warrants, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply for listing of the Common Warrants, Pre-funded Warrants, or the Placement Agent Warrants on any securities exchange or recognized trading system. Without an active market, the liquidity of the Common Warrants, Pre-funded Warrants, and the Placement Agent Warrants will be limited.
As of September 30, 2025, we do not meet the minimum shareholders’ equity criteria of US$2,500,000 in stockholders’ equity required under the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b) for continued listing. If we do not meet Nasdaq’s continued listing standards, our Class A Ordinary Shares may be subject to delisting from the Nasdaq Capital Market.
On April 6, 2026, the Company received a written notification from Nasdaq indicating that, based on the reported stockholders’ equity of US$1,110,873 of the Company as reported in its unaudited interim financial report on Form 6-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2026, the Company does not meet the minimum shareholders’ equity criteria of US$2,500,000 in stockholders’ equity required under the Nasdaq Listing Rule 5550(b)(1) for continued listing.
Under Nasdaq Listing Rule, the Company has 45 calendar days, or until, May 21, 2026, to submit a plan to regain compliance. If the plan is accepted, Nasdaq can grant an extension of up to 180 calendar days from the date of the Nasdaq letter to evidence compliance. The Company intends to regain compliance within the applicable compliance period and is currently working on a plan including financial projections.
In the event that we fail to regain compliance with Nasdaq continued listing standards by the expiration of the applicable cure period, Nasdaq will commence suspension and delisting procedures with respect to our Class A Ordinary Shares, which could impair the value of your investment. Delisting of our Class A Ordinary Shares from Nasdaq could have a significant negative effect on the trading volume, liquidity and market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares. In addition, the delisting of our Class A Ordinary Shares could adversely affect our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us or at all and could reduce the number of investors willing to hold or acquire our Class A Ordinary Shares.
The requirements of being a public company may strain the Company’s resources, divert the Company management’s attention and affect the Company’s ability to attract and retain qualified board members.
The Company is subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, listing requirements of Nasdaq and other applicable securities rules and regulations. As such, the Company will incur relevant legal, accounting and other expenses, and these expenses may increase even more if the Company no longer qualifies as an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act. The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that the Company file annual and current reports with respect to the Company’s business and results of operations. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that the Company maintains effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. the Company may need to hire more employees or engage outside consultants to comply with these requirements, which will increase the Company’s costs and expenses.
Changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time-consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. These laws and regulations may increase the Company’s legal and financial compliance costs and render the Company’s certain business activities more time-consuming and costly.
Members of the Company’s management team have limited experience managing a publicly traded company, interacting with public company investors and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to public companies. The Company’s management team may not successfully or efficiently manage the transition to being a public company subject to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under the federal securities laws and regulations and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. The need to establish the corporate infrastructure demanded of a public company may divert the management’s attention from implementing the Company’s growth strategy, which could prevent the improvement of the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, these rules and regulations may make it more difficult and more expensive for the Company to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and consequently the Company may be required to incur substantial costs to maintain the same or similar coverage. These additional obligations could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. These factors could also make it more difficult to attract and retain qualified members of the Company’s board of directors, particularly to serve on the Company’s audit committee, compensation committee and nominating committee, and qualified executive officers.
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As a result of disclosure of information in filings required of a public company, the Company’s business and financial condition will become more visible, which it believes may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If such claims are successful, the Company’s business and results of operations could be adversely affected, and, even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in the Company’s favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could cause an adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects and reputation.
Recent market volatility could impact the share price and trading volume of the Company’s securities.
The trading market for the Company’s securities could be impacted by recent market volatility. Recent stock run-ups, divergences in valuation ratios relative to those seen during traditional markets, high short interest or short squeezes, and strong and atypical retail investor interest in the markets may impact the demand for the Ordinary Shares.
A possible “short squeeze” due to a sudden increase in demand of the Ordinary Shares that largely exceeds supply may lead to price volatility in the Ordinary Shares. Investors may purchase the Ordinary Shares to hedge existing exposure or to speculate on the price of the Ordinary Shares. Speculation on the price of the Ordinary Shares may involve both long and short exposures. To the extent aggregate short exposure exceeds the number of the Ordinary Shares available for purchase (for example, in the event that large redemption requests dramatically affect liquidity), investors with short exposure may have to pay a premium to repurchase the Ordinary Shares for delivery to lenders. Those repurchases may in turn, dramatically increase the price of the Ordinary Shares. This is often referred to as a “short squeeze.” A short squeeze could lead to volatile price movements in the Ordinary Shares that are not directly correlated to the operating performance of the Company.
It is not expected that the Company will pay dividends in the foreseeable future and you must rely on price appreciation of our ordinary shares for return on your investment.
It is expected that the Company will retain most, if not all, of its available funds and any future earnings to fund the development and growth of the Company’s business. As a result, it is not expected that the Company will pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
The Company’s board of directors will have complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our directors. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if the board of directors decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on the future results of operations and cash flow, capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received from the Company’s subsidiaries, the Company’s financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by the board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in our ordinary shares will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of our ordinary shares. There is no guarantee that the Class A Ordinary Shares will appreciate in value or that the trading price of the shares will not decline. You may not realize a return on your investment in our ordinary shares and you may even lose your entire investment in our ordinary shares.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about the Company or its business, its ordinary shares price and trading volume could decline.
The trading market for the Ordinary Shares will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about the Company or its business. Securities and industry analysts do not currently, and may never, publish research on the Company. If no securities or industry analysts commence coverage of the Company, the trading price for its ordinary shares would likely be negatively impacted. In the event securities or industry analysts initiate coverage, if one or more of the analysts who cover the Company downgrade its securities or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about its business, its stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of the Company or fail to publish reports on the Company, demand for its ordinary shares could decrease, which might cause its ordinary share price and trading volume to decline.
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The Company’s dual class share structure with different voting rights will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of the Class A Ordinary Shares may view as beneficial.
The Company has adopted a dual class share structure consisting of Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares. In respect of matters requiring the votes of shareholders, each Class A Ordinary Share entitle the holder thereof to one (1) vote and each Class B Ordinary Share entitle the holder thereof to twenty-five (25) votes. Each Class B Ordinary Share is convertible into one Class A Ordinary Share at any time at the option of the holder thereof. Class A Ordinary Shares are not convertible into Class B Ordinary Shares under any circumstances. Only Class A Ordinary Shares are tradable on the market.
As a result of such dual class share structure and the concentration of ownership, holders of Class B Ordinary Shares have substantial influence over the Company’s business, including decisions regarding mergers, consolidations and the sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, and other significant corporate actions, and they may take corporate actions that are not in the best interest of the Company or the Company’s other shareholders. Such dual class arrangement may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of the Company, which could deprive the Company’s shareholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of the Company and may reduce the price of the Class A Ordinary Shares. This concentrated control will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions that holders of Class A Ordinary Shares may view as beneficial.
The Company has adopted a dual-class share structure with different voting rights, which may adversely affect the value and liquidity of the Ordinary Shares.
The Company has adopted a dual-class structure with different voting rights, and such dual-class share structure may result in a lower or more volatile market price of the Company’s Class A Ordinary Shares. Certain shareholder advisory firms have announced changes to their eligibility criteria for inclusion of shares of public companies on certain stock market indices, including the S&P 500, to exclude companies with multiple classes of shares and companies whose public shareholders hold no more than 5% of total voting power from being added to such indices. In addition, several shareholder advisory firms have announced their opposition to the use of multiple class structures. As a result, the Company’s dual-class share structure may prevent the inclusion of the Company’s Class A Ordinary Shares in such indices and may cause shareholder advisory firms to publish negative commentary about the Company’s corporate governance practices or otherwise seek to cause the Company to change its capital structure. Any such exclusion from indices could result in a less active trading market for the Company’s securities. Any actions or publications by shareholder advisory firms critical of the Company’s corporate governance practices or capital structure could also adversely affect the value of the Company’s securities.
Cayman Islands economic substance requirements may have an effect on our business and operations.
Pursuant to the International Tax Cooperation (Economic Substance) Act, 2018 of the Cayman Islands, or the ES Act, that came into force on January 1, 2019, a “relevant entity” conducting a “relevant entity” is required to satisfy the economic substance test set out in the ES Act. A “relevant entity” includes an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands as is our Company. There are nine designated “relevant activities” under the ES Act, and for so long as our Company is carrying on activities which falls within any of the designated relevant activities, it shall comply with all applicable requirements under the ES Act. If the only business activity that the Company carries on is to hold equity participation in other entities and only earns dividends and capital gains, then based on the current interpretation of the ES Act, our Company is a “pure equity holding company” and will therefore only be subject to the minimum substance requirements, which require us to (i) comply with all applicable requirements under the Companies Act and (ii) have adequate human resources and adequate premises in the Cayman Islands for holding and managing equity participations in other entities. However, there can be no assurance that we will not be subject to more requirements under the ES Act. Uncertainties over the interpretation and implementation of the ES Act may have an adverse impact on our business and operations.
Risks Relating to Operating as a Public Company
Because the Company is a foreign private issuer and is exempt from certain Nasdaq corporate governance standards applicable to U.S. issuers, you will have less protection than you would have if it were a domestic issuer.
The Company’s status as a foreign private issuer exempts it from compliance with certain Nasdaq corporate governance requirements if it instead complies with the statutory requirements applicable to a Cayman Islands exempted company. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands may differ significantly from corporate governance listing standards as, except for general fiduciary duties and duties of care, Cayman Islands law has no corporate governance regime which prescribes specific corporate governance standards. The statutory requirements of the Company’s home country of Cayman Islands, do not strictly require a majority of its board to consist of independent directors. Thus, although a director must act in the best interests of the Company, it is possible that fewer board members will be exercising independent judgment. In addition, the Nasdaq Listing Rules also require U.S. domestic issuers to have an independent compensation committee with a minimum of two members, a nominating committee, and an independent audit committee with a minimum of three members. The Company, as a foreign private issuer, with the exception of needing an independent audit committee composed of at least three members, is not subject to these requirements. The Nasdaq Listing Rules may also require shareholder approval for certain corporate matters that the Company’s home country’s rules do not. Following Cayman Islands governance practices, as opposed to complying with the requirements applicable to a U.S. company listed on Nasdaq, may provide less protection to you than would otherwise be the case.
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Although as a foreign private issuer the Company is exempt from certain corporate governance standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, if the Company cannot satisfy, or continue to satisfy, the initial listing requirements and other rules of Nasdaq the Company’s securities may not be listed or may be delisted, which could negatively impact the price of its securities and your ability to sell them.
In order to maintain its listing on Nasdaq, the Company is required to comply with certain rules of Nasdaq, including those regarding minimum shareholders’ equity, minimum share price, minimum market value of publicly held shares, minimum number of shareholders and various additional requirements. Even if the Company initially meets the listing requirements and other applicable rules of Nasdaq, the Company may not be able to continue to satisfy these requirements and applicable rules. If the Company is unable to satisfy Nasdaq criteria for maintaining its listing, its securities could be subject to delisting.
If Nasdaq does not list the Company’s securities, or subsequently delists its securities from trading, the Company could face significant consequences, including:
| ● | a limited availability for market quotations for its securities; |
| ● | reduced liquidity with respect to its securities; |
| ● | a determination that its ordinary shares are a “penny stock,” which will require brokers trading in the Ordinary Shares to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for the Ordinary Shares; |
| ● | limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and |
| ● | a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future. |
If the Company ceases to qualify as a foreign private issuer, it would be required to comply fully with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, and it would incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that it would not incur as a foreign private issuer.
As a foreign private issuer, the Company will be exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and its officers, directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, it will not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as United States domestic issuers, and it will not be required to disclose in its periodic reports all of the information that United States domestic issuers are required to disclose. If it ceases to qualify as a foreign private issuer in the future, it would incur significant additional expenses that could have a material adverse effect on its results of operations.
As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, the Company is permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards; these practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if the Company complied fully with Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards.
The Company is a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Nasdaq market rules permit a foreign private issuer like the Company to follow the corporate governance practices of the Company’s home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is the Company’s home country, may differ significantly from Nasdaq corporate governance listing standards applicable to domestic U.S. companies, except for general fiduciary duties and duties of care, Cayman Islands law has no corporate governance regime which prescribes specific corporate governance standards.
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Among other things, as a matter of Cayman Islands law, the Company is not required to have: (1) a majority-independent board of directors; (2) a compensation committee consisting of independent directors; (3) a nominating committee consisting of independent directors; or (4) regularly scheduled executive sessions with only independent directors each year.
Currently, the Company does not plan to rely on any exemption offered to foreign private issuers under Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. However, if the Company relies on any of these exemptions in the future, you may not be provided with the benefits of certain corporate governance requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market or Capital Market. the Company may also follow the home country practice for certain other corporate governance practices in the future, which may differ from the requirements of The Nasdaq Capital Market or Capital Market. If the Company chooses to follow the home country practice, the Company’s shareholders may be afforded less protection than they would otherwise enjoy under the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.
You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because the Company is incorporated under Cayman Islands law.
The Company is an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The Company’s corporate affairs are governed by its memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against the Company’s directors, actions by the Company’s minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of the Company’s directors to the Company under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of the Company’s shareholders and the fiduciary duties of the Company’s directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands have a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standings to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States.
Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like the Company have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records (other than the memorandum and articles of association and any special resolutions passed by such companies, and the register of mortgages and charges of such companies) or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. The Company’s directors have discretion under its Amended and Restated Articles of Association to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, its corporate records may be inspected by its shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to its shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.
As a result of all of the above, the Company’s public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by the Company’s management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States.
You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions outside of the United States against the Company or its management named in this prospectus based on foreign laws.
The Company is an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. In addition, all of the Company’s senior executive officers reside outside of the United States for a significant portion of the time and most are nationals of countries other than the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against the Company or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. It may also be difficult for you to effect service of process upon the Company or those persons outside of the United States or to enforce judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against the Company and its officers and directors. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands may render you unable to enforce a judgment against the Company, its assets, directors and officers or their assets. Therefore, you may not be able to enjoy the same protection provided by various U.S. authorities as it is provided to investors in U.S. domestic companies. For more information regarding the relevant laws of the Cayman Islands, see “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities.”
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The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined under the federal securities laws, and the Company cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make the Company’s securities less attractive to investors.
The Company is an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act, and it will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest to occur of (1) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the closing of the Business Combination, (b) in which the Company has total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion or (c) in which the Company is deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of the Company’s Shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of the prior second fiscal quarter, and (2) the date on which the Company issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period. It is expected that the Company will take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to most other public companies, whether or not they are classified as “emerging growth companies,” including, but not limited to, an exemption from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation.
In addition, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts “emerging growth companies” from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has not elected to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and the Company has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with certain other public companies difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
Furthermore, even after the Company no longer qualifies as an “emerging growth company,” as long as the Company continues to qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, the Company will be exempt from certain provisions of the Exchange Act that are applicable to U.S. domestic public companies, including, but not limited to, the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q containing unaudited financial and other specified information, or current reports on Form 8-K, upon the occurrence of specified significant events. In addition, the Company will not be required to file annual reports and financial statements with the SEC as promptly as U.S. domestic companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act, and are not required to comply with Regulation FD, which restricts the selective disclosure of material information.
As a result, the Company’s shareholders may not have access to certain information they deem important. the Company cannot predict if investors will find the Company’s Ordinary Shares less attractive because the Company relies on these exemptions. If some investors find the Company’s Ordinary Shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market and share price for the Company’s Ordinary Shares may be more volatile.
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The Company will be a “controlled company” under the Corporate Governance Rules of Nasdaq and can rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that could adversely affect the Company’s public shareholders.
Mr. Thomas Ma and his family members together hold 7,917,555 of the Ordinary Shares (consisting of 5,887,680 Class B Ordinary Shares) giving them a majority of the aggregate voting power of the Company. Therefore, the Company will qualify as a “controlled company” under the Corporate Governance Rules of Nasdaq. Under these rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company is a controlled company and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including the requirement that a majority of its directors be independent, as defined in the Corporate Governance Rules of the Nasdaq and the requirement that the compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee of the Company consist entirely of independent directors. The Company currently does not intend to rely on these exemptions. However, if the Company decides to rely on exemptions applicable to controlled company under the Corporate Governance Rules of Nasdaq in the future, its public shareholders will not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of Nasdaq corporate governance requirements.
In addition to the Incentive Plan, the Company may adopt share incentive plans in the future, which may adversely affect the Company’s results of operations.
In addition to the Incentive Plan, the Company may adopt share-based incentive plan in the future, and grant share-based awards to its employees, directors and consultants to incentivize their performance and align their interests with that of the Company. If the Company adopts one or more share-based incentive plans and grants share-based compensation in the future, it will be required to account such awards for share-based compensation expenses in accordance with the applicable accounting standards. The Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation generally requires a company to recognize, as an expense, the fair value of share options and other equity incentives to employees based on the fair value of equity awards on the date of the grant, with the compensation expense recognized over the period in which the recipient is required to provide service in exchange for the equity award. If the Company adopts any such share incentive plan and grants options or other equity incentives in the future, such grants could have dilutive impact on the Company’s existing shareholders, and cause the Company to incur significant compensation charges and its results of operations could be adversely affected.
The securities of the Company may be delisted or prohibited from being traded “over-the-counter” under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act and the Accelerated Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB were unable to fully inspect the company’s auditor.
The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, was enacted on December 18, 2020. In accordance with the HFCAA, trading in securities of any registrant on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter trading market in the United States may be prohibited if the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) determines that it cannot inspect or fully investigate the registrant’s auditor for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, and, as a result, an exchange may determine to delist the securities of such registrant. On December 23, 2022, the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the AHFCAA, was enacted, which amended the HFCAA by reducing the aforementioned inspection period from three to two consecutive years, thus reducing the time period before our securities may be prohibited from trading or delisted if our auditor is unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement.
Pursuant to the HFCAA, the PCAOB issued a Determination Report on December 16, 2021 which found that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in: (1) mainland China of the People’s Republic of China because of a position taken by one or more authorities in mainland China; and (2) Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region and dependency of the PRC, because of a position taken by one or more authorities in Hong Kong. In addition, the PCAOB’s report identified the specific registered public accounting firms which are subject to the 2021 Determinations. Both Nova Vision’s and the Company’s auditors, MaloneBailey, LLP and Marcum Asia CPAs LLP, are headquartered in the U.S. and have been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis, and are subject to laws in the U.S. pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. Our auditors are not included in the list of determinations announced by the PCAOB on December 21, 2021 in their HFCAA Determination Report under PCAOB Rule 6100.
On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB Board determined that the PCAOB was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong and voted to vacate its previous determinations to the contrary. The PCAOB vacated its previous 2021 Determinations accordingly. On December 29, 2022, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 (the “CAA”) was signed into law by President Biden. The CAA contained, among other things, an identical provision to the AHFCAA, which reduces the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCA Act from three years to two.
If, in the future, the PCAOB is unable to continue to satisfactorily conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong, the failure to comply with the requirement under the HFCAA and the AHFCAA that the PCAOB be permitted to inspect the issuer’s public accounting firm within two consecutive years, would subject the Company to consequences including the delisting of the Company in the future if the PCAOB is unable to inspect the Company’s accounting firm (whether Marcum Asia CPAs LLP or another firm) at such future time.
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and views of future events. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections entitled “Prospectus Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business.” Known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those listed under “Risk Factors,” may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
You can identify some of these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “is/are likely to,” “potential,” “continue” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include statements relating to:
| ● | our goals and strategies; |
| ● | our future business development, financial conditions and results of operations; |
| ● | our financial performance following the Business Combination; |
| ● | government regulations governing business operations, and in particular those governing the financial services and real estate industries; |
| ● | macro-economic conditions in the markets in which we operate; |
| ● | competition in our industry; |
| ● | our ability to establish and expand our operations and to offer additional integrated services; and |
| ● | our ability to pursue acquisitions, partnerships, and strategic investments that are successful and integrated into our existing operations. |
These forward-looking statements involve various risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that our expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, our expectations may later be found to be incorrect. Our actual results could be materially different from our expectations. Important risks and factors that could cause our actual results to be materially different from our expectations are generally set forth in “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Business,” “Regulations” and other sections in this prospectus. You should thoroughly read this prospectus and the documents that we refer to with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.
This prospectus contains certain data and information that we obtained from various government and private publications. Statistical data in these publications also include projections based on a number of assumptions. Our industry may not grow at the rate projected by market data, or at all. Failure of this market to grow at the projected rate may have a material and adverse effect on our business and the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares. In addition, the rapidly changing nature of the digital brokerage and real estate business results in significant uncertainties for any projections or estimates relating to the growth prospects or future condition of our market. Furthermore, if any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data are later found to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this prospectus. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this prospectus and the documents that we refer to in this prospectus and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
If we raise the maximum proceeds in this offering, we estimate that the net proceeds of this offering will be approximately US$9.1 million, assuming no sale of any Pre-Funded Warrants and no exercise of the Common Warrants or Placement Agent Warrants issued in connection with this offering, after deducting the placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us. However, because this is a best efforts offering and there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to the closing of this offering, the actual offering amount, the placement agent’s fees and net proceeds to us are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the maximum amounts set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. We intend to use the net proceeds of the offering mainly for potential mergers and acquisitions to align with our strategic growth objective. We may also use certain portion of net proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes, which may include information technology expenses, research and development expenses and operational outlays. We may also use the net proceeds from this offering to acquire, or invest in complementary businesses, technologies, products or assets. Pending use of the net proceeds, we intend to invest the proceeds in a variety of capital preservation instruments, including short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing instruments.
Our expected use of net proceeds from this offering and our existing cash and cash equivalents represents our intentions based upon our current plans and business conditions, which could change in the future as our plans and business conditions evolve. As a result, we cannot predict with any certainty our use of the net proceeds from this offering or the amounts that we will actually spend on each area of use set forth above. Our management will retain broad discretion over the allocation of the net proceeds from this offering. Accordingly, we will have discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and investors will be relying on our judgment regarding the application of the proceeds of this offering.
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DIVIDEND POLICY
We intend to keep any future earnings to finance the expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate that any cash dividends will be paid in the foreseeable future.
Our board of directors has complete discretion in deciding whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain restrictions under Cayman Islands law, namely that, a Cayman Islands company may only pay a dividend on its shares out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the Company being unable to pay its debts due in the ordinary course of business. Even if our board of directors decides to pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Subject to the Companies Act and our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, our board of directors may, by resolutions of directors, authorize and declare a dividend to our shareholders at such time and of such an amount as they think fit if they are satisfied. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our board of directors.
If we determine to pay dividends on any of our Class A Ordinary Shares in the future, as a holding company, we will be dependent on receipt of funds from our subsidiaries.
Cash dividends, if any, on our Class A Ordinary Shares will be paid in U.S. dollars. In order for us to pay dividends to our shareholders, we will rely on distribution payments made by Real Corporation HK. If Real Corporation HK incurs debt in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us.
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EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION
Our business is primarily conducted in Hong Kong and all of our revenues are received and denominated in Hong Kong dollars. Capital accounts of our condensed financial statements are translated into U.S. dollars from Hong Kong dollars at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates as of the balance sheet date. Income and expenditures are translated at the average exchange rate of the period. Hong Kong dollars are freely convertible into foreign currency. No representation is made that the Hong Kong dollars amounts could have been, or could be, converted into United States dollars at the rates used in translation.
The Company’s financial information is presented in U.S. dollars. Any transactions which are denominated in currencies other than Hong Kong dollars are translated into Hong Kong dollars at the exchange rate quoted by the Board of Governors Federal Reserve System prevailing at the dates of the transactions, and exchange gains and losses are included in the statements of operations as foreign currency transaction gain or loss. The consolidated financial statements of the Company have been translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with ASC 830, “Foreign Currency Matters.” The financial information is first prepared in Hong Kong dollars and then is translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates for revenue and expenses. Capital accounts are translated at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred. The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholder’s equity. Cash flows from the Company’s operations are calculated based upon the local currencies using the average translation rate. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the statements of cash flows will not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the balance sheets.
The exchange rates in effect as of September 30, 2025, March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 US$1 for HK$7.7809, HK$7.7799, HK$7.8259, and HK$7.8499. The average exchange rates for six months ended September 30, 2025, and the year ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 US$1 for HK$7.8119, HK$7.7930, HK$7.8246, and HK$7.8389, respectively.
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ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability to take advantage of certain benefits associated with being a Cayman Islands exempted company, such as:
| ● | political and economic stability; |
| ● | an effective judicial system; |
| ● | a favorable tax system; |
| ● | the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions; and |
| ● | the availability of professional and support services. |
However, certain disadvantages may accompany incorporation in the Cayman Islands. These disadvantages include, but are not limited to, the following:
| ● | The Cayman Islands may have a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and these securities laws provide significantly less protection to investors; and |
| ● | Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States. |
The Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association do not contain provisions requiring that disputes, including those arising under the securities laws of the United States, between us, our officers, directors and shareholders, be arbitrated.
Currently, all of our operations are conducted outside the United States, and substantially all of our assets are located outside the United States. Mr. Kwai Hoi Ma, Ms. Yee Ling Ho, Mr. David Wai-Keung Chung, and Mr. Chun Fung Horace Ma are all located in Hong Kong, and Mr. Felix Tak Shing Ko is located in the United Kingdom. All of our executive officers, directors and senior management are nationals and residents of Hong Kong and a substantial portion of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for a shareholder to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States. It may also be difficult for shareholder to enforce judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our executive officers and directors.
We have appointed Cogency Global Inc., 122 E. 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, New York 10168 as our agent upon whom process may be served in any action brought against us under the securities laws of the United States.
Ogier, our counsel as to Cayman Islands law, has advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands would: (i) recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against us or our directors or officers that are predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or the securities laws of any state in the United States, or (ii) entertain original actions brought in the Cayman Islands against us or our directors or officers that are predicated upon the federal securities laws of the United States or the securities laws of any state in the United States.
Ogier has informed us that although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the federal or state courts of the United States (and the Cayman Islands are not a party to any treaties for the reciprocal enforcement or recognition of such judgments), a judgment in personam obtained in such jurisdiction will be recognized and enforced in the courts of the Cayman Islands at common law, without any re-examination of the merits of the underlying dispute, by an action commenced on the foreign judgment debt in the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands, provided such judgment (a) is given by a competent foreign court with jurisdiction, (b) imposes a on the judgment debtor a liability to pay a liquidated sum for which the judgment has been given, (c) is final and conclusive, (d) is not in respect of taxes, a fine or a penalty; (e) has not been obtained by fraud; and (f) is not of a kind the enforcement of which is contrary to natural justice or the public policy of the Cayman Islands.
Subject to the above limitations, in appropriate circumstances, a Cayman Islands court may give effect in the Cayman Islands to other kinds of final foreign judgments such as declaratory orders, orders for performance of contracts and injunctions.
Loeb & Loeb LLP, our counsel as to Hong Kong law, has advised us that judgments of United States courts will not be directly enforced in Hong Kong. There are currently no treaties or other arrangements providing for reciprocal enforcement of foreign judgments between Hong Kong and the United States. However, the common law permits an action to be brought upon a foreign judgment. That is to say, a foreign judgment itself may form the basis of a cause of action since the judgment may be regarded as creating a debt between the parties to it. In a common law action for enforcement of a foreign judgment in Hong Kong, the enforcement is subject to various conditions, including but not limited to, that the foreign judgment is a final judgment conclusive upon the merits of the claim, the judgment is for a liquidated amount in a civil matter and not in respect of taxes, fines, penalties, or similar charges, the proceedings in which the judgment was obtained were not contrary to natural justice, and the enforcement of the judgment is not contrary to public policy of Hong Kong. Such a judgment must be for a fixed sum and must also come from a “competent” court as determined by the private international law rules applied by the Hong Kong courts. The defenses that are available to a defendant in a common law action brought on the basis of a foreign judgment include lack of jurisdiction, breach of natural justice, fraud, and contrariness to public policy. However, a separate legal action for collection of a debt must be commenced in Hong Kong in order to recover such debt from the judgment debtor.
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CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of September 30, 2025:
| ● | on an actual basis; and |
| ● | on a pro forma as adjusted basis, to give effect to (1) the issuance of 1,837,680 Class B ordinary shares to settle US$1,086,438 working capital fund provided and (2) the issuance and sale of Units in this offering based on the assumed offering price of US$1.47 per Unit, after deducting placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us, assuming no issuance of Pre-funded Warrants and no exercise of the Common Warrants or Placement Agent Warrants issued in this offering. |
You should read this table together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.
| As of September 30, 2025 | ||||||||
| Actual | Pro Forma as adjusted | |||||||
| US$ | US$ | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 846,174 | 9,944,772 | ||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Class A Ordinary Shares (par value $0.0001 per share; 488,000,000 shares authorized) | 507 | 1,187 | ||||||
| Class B Ordinary Shares (par value $0.0001 per share; 12,000,000 shares authorized) | 405 | 589 | ||||||
| Less: Class A Ordinary Share held in treasury, at cost | (32 | ) | (32 | ) | ||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 23,599,903 | 33,784,075 | ||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (22,506,556 | ) | (22,506,556 | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 16,646 | 16,646 | ||||||
| Total equity | 1,110,873 | 11,295,909 | ||||||
| Total capitalization | 1,110,873 | 11,295,909 | ||||||
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DILUTION
Investors purchasing our securities in this offering will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value of their Class A Ordinary Shares. Dilution in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value represents the difference between the public offering price of our Units and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our Class A Ordinary Shares immediately after the offering.
As of September 30, 2025, we had a historical net tangible book value of US$1.1 million, corresponding to a net tangible book value of US$0.23 per Class A Ordinary Share. Historical net tangible book value per Class A Ordinary Share represents our total tangible assets (total assets excluding goodwill and other intangible assets, net) less total liabilities, divided by the number of outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares as of September 30, 2025.
After giving effect to the sale of Units in this offering by the Company at an assumed public offering price of US$1.47 per Unit, after deducting placement agent fees and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of September 30, 2025 would have been approximately US$11.3 million, or US$0.98 per Class A Ordinary Share, assuming no issuance of Pre-funded Warrants and no exercise of the Common Warrants or Placement Agent Warrants issued in this offering. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value of US$0.75 per Class A Ordinary Share to our existing shareholders and an immediate dilution of US$0.49 per Class A Ordinary Share to new investors purchasing securities in this offering. Dilution per Class A Ordinary Share to new investors is determined by subtracting our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share from the assumed public offering price per share paid by new investors. The following table illustrates such dilution:
Per Class A Ordinary Share | ||||
| Public offering price per Unit | US$ | 1.47 | ||
| Net tangible book value as of September 30, 2025 | US$ | 0.23 | ||
| Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value after giving effect to this offering | US$ | 0.98 | ||
| Amount of dilution in net tangible book value to new investors in this offering | US$ | 0.49 | ||
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CORPORATE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE
The Company was incorporated to serve as a holding company for RMHL and Nova SPAC after consummation of the Business Combination contemplated by the Merger Agreement. The Company, a Cayman Islands exempted company, was incorporated on June 27, 2023. Prior to the Business Combination, the Company owned no material assets and did not operate any business.
RMHL is a holding company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability on September 13, 2021. RMHL has no substantive operations other than holding all of the issued shares of Real USA, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of the Delaware on September 24, 2021.
Nova SPAC was a blank check British Virgin Islands company incorporated on March 18, 2021 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands for the purpose of acquiring, engaging in a share exchange, share reconstruction and amalgamation, purchasing all or substantially all of the assets of, entering into contractual arrangements, or engaging in any other similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities.
Business Combination
We completed a merger with Nova SPAC on November 19, 2024 and the Company’s Class A Ordinary Shares and warrants began trading on the Nasdaq Stock Exchange on November 20, 2024. The Company, Nova SPAC, RM2 Limited, a Cayman Islands exempted company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Merger Sub”), and RMHL, entered into a Merger Agreement dated as of March 27, 2023, which was amended as of August 15, 2023, October 27, 2023, March 7, 2024, May 29, 2024, July 17, 2024, and August 13, 2024 (the “Merger Agreement”). The Merger Agreement provided for a business combination which was effected in two steps: (i) Nova SPAC reincorporated to Cayman Islands by merging with and into the Company, with the Company remaining as the surviving publicly traded entity (the “Reincorporation Merger”); and (ii) following the Reincorporation Merger, Merger Sub merged with and into RMHL, resulting in RMHL being a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “Acquisition Merger,” together with Reincorporation Merger, the “Business Combination”).
On November 19, 2024 (“Closing Date”), pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Nova SPAC merged with and into the Company, with the Company surviving the Reincorporation Merger and the outstanding ordinary shares of Nova SPAC being converted into the right to receive the ordinary shares of the Company. Immediately following the Reincorporation Merger, and as part of the same overall transaction as the Reincorporation Merger, Merger Sub merged with and into RMHL, with RMHL surviving the Acquisition Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and the outstanding ordinary shares being converted into the right to receive the ordinary shares of the Company.
On the Closing Date, upon consummation of the Business Combination, 9,321,281 Ordinary Shares were issued and 8,871,281 Ordinary Shares were outstanding. Such amount includes the issuance of (i) 6,400,000 Ordinary Shares in the Acquisition Merger, including 1,900,000 Class A Ordinary Shares and 4,500,000 Class B Ordinary Shares to the Real Messenger Corporation shareholders, among which, 450,000 Class B Ordinary Shares are holdback shares in escrow for eighteen months from the closing of Business Combination; (ii) 1,833,152 Ordinary Shares to the shareholders of Nova SPAC in connection with the Redomestication Merger; (iii) 537,629 Ordinary Shares to the holders of convertible promissory notes issued by Nova; (iv) 500,000 additional Ordinary Shares to be transferred from the Sponsor to the private placement investors; and (v) 50,500 Ordinary Shares to the underwriter in connection with the Redomestication Merger.
Immediately after giving effect to the Business Combination, the Company has 4,821,281 Class A Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding, 4,500,000 and 4,050,000 Class B Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding, respectively, among which, 450,000 Class B Ordinary Shares are holdback shares in escrow for eighteen months, and 6,546,254 warrants issued and outstanding.
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Reorganization
On March 23, 2022, as part of a reorganization, Real Corporation HK, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong on April 9, 2015, acquired the entire equity interest in Hohojo, from its shareholder Mr. Kwai Hoi Ma. Hohojo, a limited liability company incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong on March 18, 2008, is a dormant company which holds some deferred tax losses, and as such conducts no operations whatsoever. On the same day, Real USA acquired the entire equity interest in Real Corporation HK from its shareholder Mr. Kwai Hoi Ma. Prior to the reorganization, Real Corporation HK and Hohojo were both indirectly wholly owned by Mr. Kwai Hoi, Ma, who was the ultimate sole shareholder of RMHL.
Upon completion of such reorganization, the Company became the holding company of RMHL, Real USA, Real Corporation HK, and Hohojo.
The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our subsidiaries, as of the date of this prospectus:

Emerging Growth Company Status
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”), and we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting and financial disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including but not limited to (1) presenting only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations in this prospectus, (2) not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), (3) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and (4) exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We intend to take advantage of these exemptions. As a result, investors may find investing in our Class A Ordinary Shares less attractive.
In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As a result, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We intend to take advantage of such extended transition period.
We could remain an emerging growth company for up to five years, or until the earliest of (1) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenue exceeds $1.235 billion, (2) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our Class A Ordinary Shares that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter and we have been publicly reporting for at least 12 months, or (3) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three-year period.
Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices are located at 695 Town Center Drive, Suite 1200, Costa Mesa, CA 92626. Our telephone number at this address is +1-657-408-8684. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at the offices of Ogier Global (Cayman) Limited, 89 Nexus Way, Camana Bay, Grand Cayman, KY1-9009, Cayman Islands. Investors should contact us for any inquiries through the address and telephone number of our principal executive offices. Our website is https://real.co/. The information contained on our website is not a part of this prospectus.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with Real Messenger Holdings Limited’s unaudited condensed balance sheets and unaudited condensed statements of operations and comprehensive loss included elsewhere in this filing. This discussion and analysis and other parts of this filing contains forward-looking statements based upon current beliefs, plans and expectations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Real Messenger Holdings Limited’s actual results and the timing of selected events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of several factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 32 of the proxy statement/prospectus of Real Messenger Corporation filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on Form F-4 to gain an understanding of the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements.
Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this section to “we,” “us,” “our,” or “the Company” refer to Real Messenger Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. For periods prior to the consummation of the Business Combination in November 2024, the following discussion reflects the historical business and operations of Real Messenger Holdings Limited and its subsidiaries, which are treated as the predecessor for accounting purposes.
Overview
We develop and operate a technology platform for the real estate industry. Our platform provides customer relationship management (CRM), listing management, marketing tools, and communication infrastructure designed to support real estate brokerages and their agents. Our strategy is to partner with or acquire ownership interests in real estate brokerages and integrate those brokerages into our technology platform. By doing so, we are able to deploy our technology across the brokerage’s entire agent base, which drives high adoption rates and enables us to generate recurring technology service fees.
Through our proprietary real estate technology platform, we provide brokerages and their agents with an integrated operating system for managing listings, customer relationships, communications, and marketing activities. The platform is designed to serve as the central infrastructure through which agents manage transactions and client engagement.
We intend to generate revenue through two primary sources: (i) brokerage-related income, including gross commission income generated by brokerages in which we hold ownership interests; and (ii) technology service fees, which are recurring fees charged to brokerages and agents for the use of our software platform, including CRM, listing management systems, and related technology tools. Our strategy is to align our technology platform with brokerage ownership so that all agents within those brokerages operate on our platform, enabling consistent adoption and recurring technology revenue. In addition, we currently generate limited consultancy service income through an engagement arrangement providing digital marketing and technology advisory services.
For the six months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we reported net loss of $2.4 million and $1.6 million, respectively.
In addition to tracking revenue and other financial measures, our management team continuously reviews several key metrics in assessing the growth and prospects for our business, enabling it to adjust both our business plan generally, and the deployment of our resources to address specific items as they arise. These key metrics include (i) real estate transaction commission revenue of acquired / invested brokerages, (ii) number of brokerages and agents using our platform, (iii) inside sales and technology ecosystem revenue per agent, and (iv) agent retention rate. These metrics help us evaluate platform adoption and the effectiveness of our brokerage partnership strategy. We consider these key metrics essential to understanding how to deploy our management, application development, and financial resources best to take advantage of the network effects, as discussed in further detail in the section titled “Business Overview” of the Form 20-F filed to the SEC on July 31, 2025.
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Our long-term strategy is to integrate brokerage ownership with technology infrastructure. By maintaining ownership interests in brokerages that operate on our platform, we are able to deploy our technology across the brokerage’s full agent base, ensuring consistent platform adoption and enabling the Company to generate recurring technology fee revenue.
Factors Affecting Results of Operations
Our business, financial condition and results of operations have been, and are expected to continue to be, affected by a number of factors, which primarily include the following:
Our ability to successfully deploy our technology platform across brokerages and generate recurring technology service fees.
Our ability to grow revenue depends on our success in integrating brokerages onto our platform and generating recurring technology services fees from agents operating within those brokerages. We may introduce significant changes to our existing products or develop and introduce new and unproven products that we have little or no prior development or operating experience. If new or enhanced products fail to engage our users and members, we may fail to attract or retain users or to generate sufficient revenue, operating margin, or other value to justify our investments, any of which may seriously harm our business.
Adoption of our technology platform depends on the willingness of real estate brokerages and agents to integrate our software tools into their daily workflow, including listing management, customer relationship management, and transaction coordination. These new behaviors are not always intuitive to users. This can create a lag in adoption of new products and new user additions related to new products. To date, this has not hindered our user growth or engagement, but that may be the result of a large portion of our user base being in a younger demographic and more willing to invest the time to learn to use our products most effectively. To the extent that future users, including those in older demographics, are less willing to invest the time to learn to use our products, and if we are unable to make our products easier to learn to use, our user growth or engagement could be affected, and our business could be harmed. We may develop new products that increase user engagement and costs without increasing revenue.
Our ability to expand our brokerage partnerships and increase the number of agents operating on our platform.
We continue to invest in the development of software tools designed to improve brokerage operations, agent productivity, and listing distribution across our technology ecosystem. Existing and prospective users and advertisers may not be successful in creating content that leads to and maintains user engagement. We are continuously seeking to balance the objectives of our users and content creators with our desire to provide an optimal user experience. We do not seek to monetize all of our service and we may not be successful in achieving a balance that continues to attract and retain users. If we are not successful in our efforts to grow our user base or if we are unable to build and maintain good relations with our active users, our user growth and user engagement and our business may be seriously harmed. In addition, we may expend significant resources to launch new services that we are unable to monetize, which may seriously harm our business.
Our ability to expand our technology ecosystem and enhance the functionality of our CRM, listing management system, and brokerage operating tools.
The industry for residential real estate transaction services, technology, and information marketplaces is dynamic, and the expectations and behaviors of customers and consumers shift constantly and rapidly. As part of our operating strategy, we have increased, and plan in the future to continue to change, the nature and number of products, including depth products, that we offer to our customers and, with that, the prices we charge our customers for the services and products we offer. Changes or additions to our products and services may not attract or engage our customers, and may reduce confidence in our products and services, negatively impact the quality of our brands, negatively impact our relationships with partners or other industry participants, expose us to increased market or legal risks, subject us to new laws and regulations or otherwise harm our business. Our customers may not accept new products and services (which would adversely affect our average revenue per agent (“ARPA”)), or such price increases may not be absorbed by the market, or our price increases may result in the loss of customers or the loss of some of our customers’ business. We may not successfully anticipate or keep pace with industry changes, and we may invest considerable financial, personnel and other resources to pursue strategies that do not ultimately prove effective such that our results of operations and financial condition may be harmed. If we are not able to raise our prices or encourage our customers to upgrade their subscription packages or invest in depth products to further differentiate their listings, or if we lose some of our customers or some of our customers’ business as a result of price increases, or if the bargaining power of our customer base increases and the subscription prices and other fees we are able to charge real estate developer or agent customers decline, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
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Our ability to operate in a highly competitive and rapidly changing industry.
We face competition from real estate technology platforms, brokerage software providers, and real estate marketplaces that provide tools for brokerages and agents. The markets for online real estate information technology, communication and productivity tools product and services in our Priority Markets are highly competitive and rapidly changing. In addition to competing with traditional media sources for a share of advertisers’ overall marketing budgets, our business is subject to the risk of digital and other disruption. Our success depends on our ability to continue to attract additional consumers to our websites and mobile applications. Existing or new competitors could increase their product offerings or develop new products or technology that compete with ours.
In addition, large real estate technology companies, listing portals, and brokerage networks may expand their technology offerings and compete with our platform for brokerage adoption and start to provide information technology, communication and productivity tools products and services on their existing or new platforms, which could increase competition in our Priority Markets and may have a materially adverse effect on our business. These companies could devote greater technical and other resources than we have available, have a more accelerated time frame for deployment and leverage their existing user bases and proprietary technologies to provide products and services that consumers might view as superior to our offerings. Any of our future or existing competitors may introduce different solutions that attract consumers or provide solutions similar to our own but with better branding or marketing resources. If we are unable to continue to grow the number of consumers who use our websites and mobile applications, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We compete to attract customers with media sites, including but not limited to other companies that operate digital property classified marketplaces in our Priority Markets and agent and property developer websites. We also compete for a share of advertisers’ overall marketing budgets with traditional media such as television, magazines, newspapers and home/apartment guide publications. To compete successfully for customers against future and existing competitors, we must continue to invest resources in developing our platform and proving the effectiveness and relevance of our information technology, communication and productivity tools product and services. New business models frequently emerge in our industry and may require us to modify our own business model or offerings in order to continue to compete effectively. For example, we may in the future face new competition from digital companies that use data to buy properties instantly from sellers, renovate/repair and then re-sell the property online at a profit. Additionally, competitors may drive traffic away from our platform and increase their market share through aggressive or high-spend marketing campaigns, or prolonged price discounting.
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Results Of Operations
Comparison of the Six Months Ended September 30, 2025 and 2024
For the Six Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Revenue | $ | 25,602 | $ | - | ||||
| Cost of revenue | (12,466 | ) | - | |||||
| - | ||||||||
| Gross profit | 13,136 | |||||||
| Operating expenses | ||||||||
| Sales and marketing expenses | (175,881 | ) | (398,408 | ) | ||||
| General and administrative expenses | (1,955,245 | ) | (629,256 | ) | ||||
| Research and development expenses | (285,405 | ) | (568,245 | ) | ||||
| Total operating expenses | (2,416,531 | ) | (1,595,909 | ) | ||||
| Loss from operations | (2,403,395 | ) | (1,595,909 | ) | ||||
| Other income (expense), net | ||||||||
| Interest income | 19,467 | 34,781 | ||||||
| Interest expense | - | (74,795 | ) | |||||
| Total other income (expense), net | 19,467 | (40,014 | ) | |||||
| Loss before income taxes | (2,383,928 | ) | (1,635,923 | ) | ||||
| Income tax expense | - | - | ||||||
| Net loss | $ | (2,383,928 | ) | $ | (1,635,923 | ) | ||
The following table summarizes our results of operations for the six months ended September, 2025 and 2024, and provides information regarding the dollar and percentage increase or (decrease) during such periods. This information should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in Form 6-K, as filed on March 31, 2026.
Revenue
We currently generate one source of revenue:
| For the Six Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Type of revenue sources | 2025 | 2024 | Changes | |||||||||||||||||||||
| US$ | % | US$ | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Service fee income | $ | 25,602 | 100 | % | $ | - | 0 | % | $ | 25,602 | 100 | % | ||||||||||||
Our revenue increased by $0.03 million, from $nil for the six months ended September 30, 2024 to $0.03 million for the six months ended September 30, 2025. The increase was mainly due to the website service fee received in September 2025.
Cost of revenue
| For the Six Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | Changes | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| US$ | % | US$ | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | $ | 12,466 | 100 | % | $ | - | 0 | % | $ | 12,466 | 100 | % | ||||||||||||
Our cost of revenue increased by $12,466, from $nil for the six months ended September 30, 2024 to $12,466 for the six months ended September 30, 2025. The increase was mainly due to the staffs cost related to the above-mentioned website service.
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Sales and marketing expenses
Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of marketing expenses incurred for promotion of our app.
| For the Six Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | Changes | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| US$ | % | US$ | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Marketing expenses | $ | 175,881 | 100 | % | $ | 398,408 | 100 | % | $ | (222,527 | ) | (56 | )% | |||||||||||
Our sales and marketing expenses decreased by $0.2 million, or 56% from $0.4 million for the six months ended September 30, 2024 to $0.2 million for the six months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease of human resource costs of marketing team and decreasing expenditure on content creation, social media revamp and online advertising.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of (i) staff costs, consisting of salaries, social insurance, and housing funds for our personnel in administrative departments; (ii) professional service fees, such as audit fees, consultancy fees and legal fees for our daily operations; (iii) depreciation expenses; and (iv) other miscellaneous expenses.
| For the Six Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | Changes | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| US$ | % | US$ | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Staff costs | $ | 561,480 | 29 | % | $ | 303,331 | 49 | % | $ | 258,149 | 85 | % | ||||||||||||
| Professional service fees | 1,313,367 | 67 | % | 290,409 | 46 | % | 1,022,958 | 352 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 51,400 | 3 | % | 7,902 | 1 | % | 43,498 | 550 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Others | 28,998 | 1 | % | 27,614 | 4 | % | 1,384 | 5 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,955,245 | 100 | % | $ | 629,256 | 100 | % | $ | 1,325,989 | 211 | % | ||||||||||||
Our general and administrative expenses increased by $1.3 million, or 211% from $0.6 million for the six months ended September 30, 2024 to $2.0 million for the six months ended September 30, 2025. The increase was primarily due to (i) the increase in consultancy fee of $0.66 million, (ii) the increase in D&O insurance costs and Nasdaq listing fee of US$0.34 million and (iii) the increase in directors’ fees, newly recruited administrative staff and the associated recruitment costs of US$0.3million.
Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses primarily consist of staff costs, consisting of salaries, social insurance, and housing funds for our personnel in research and development departments; and (ii) other miscellaneous expenses.
| For the Six Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | Changes | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| US$ | % | US$ | % | Amount | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Staff costs | $ | 210,495 | 74 | % | $ | 486,865 | 86 | % | $ | (276,370 | ) | (57 | )% | |||||||||||
| Others | 74,910 | 26 | % | 81,380 | 14 | (6,470 | ) | (8 | )% | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 285,405 | 100 | % | $ | 568,245 | 100 | % | $ | 282,840 | (50 | )% | ||||||||||||
Our research and development expenses decreased by $0.3 million, or 50% from $0.57 million for the six months ended September 30, 2024 to $0.29 million for the six months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily due to the phase out of the data team and we reduced the spending on recruitment costs.
Taxation
Cayman Islands
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains, or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the Government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or, after execution, brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. No stamp duty is payable in the Cayman Islands on the issue of shares by, or any transfers of shares of, Cayman Islands companies (except those which hold interests in land in the Cayman Islands). There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
Payments of dividends and capital in respect of the Company’s Ordinary Shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of the Company’s Ordinary Shares, as the case may be, nor will gains derived from the disposal of the Company’s Ordinary Shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.
USA
For the U.S. jurisdiction, Real USA is subject to federal income taxes on its business operations. The federal tax rate is 21%. We also evaluated the impact from the recent tax reforms in the United States, including the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) and Health and Economic Recovery Omnibus Emergency Solutions Act (“HERO Act”), which were both passed in 2020, no material impact is expected based on the analysis. We will continue to monitor the potential impact going forward.
As a result of the Tax Act, we have evaluated whether it has an additional tax liability from the Global lntangible Low Taxed Income (“GILTI”) inclusion on current earnings and profits of its foreign controlled corporations. The law also provides that corporate taxpayers may benefit from a 50% reduction in the GILTI inclusion, which effectively reduces the tax rate on the foreign income to 10.5%. The GILTI inclusion further provides for a foreign tax credit in connection with the foreign taxes paid. As of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, we do not have an aggregate positive tested income; and as such we did not record a liability for GILTI tax.
Hong Kong
Real Corporation Limited and Hohojo.com Limited are incorporated in Hong Kong and are subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax on the taxable income as reported in its statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Hong Kong tax laws. For the six months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, Hong Kong profits tax is calculated in accordance with the two-tiered profits tax rates regime. The applicable tax rate for the first HKD 2 million of assessable profits is 8.25% and assessable profits above HKD 2 million will continue to be subject to the rate of 16.5% for corporations in Hong Kong, effective from the year of assessment 2018/2019. Before that, the applicable tax rate was 16.5% for corporations in Hong Kong. Under Hong Kong tax laws, Real Corporation Limited and Hohojo.com Limited are exempted from income tax on its foreign-derived income and there are no withholding taxes in Hong Kong on remittance of dividends.
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Net loss
As a result of the foregoing, our net loss was $2.4 million and $1.6 million for the six months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Comparison of the Years Ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023
| For the Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||
| Operating expenses | ||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing expenses | (716,264 | ) | (1,771,614 | ) | (2,051,550 | ) | ||||||
| General and administrative expenses | (1,838,740 | ) | (1,657,879 | ) | (1,315,509 | ) | ||||||
| Research and development expenses | (832,565 | ) | (1,459,828 | ) | (929,916 | ) | ||||||
| Total operating expenses | (3,387,569 | ) | (4,889,321 | ) | (4,296,975 | ) | ||||||
| Loss from operations | (3,387,569 | ) | (4,889,321 | ) | (4,296,975 | ) | ||||||
| Other income (expense) | ||||||||||||
| Other income | 24,644 | - | 33,678 | |||||||||
| Interest income | 82,268 | 12,743 | 66 | |||||||||
| Interest expense | (95,753 | ) | (22,428 | ) | - | |||||||
| Total other incomes (expenses), net | 11,159 | (9,685 | ) | 33,744 | ||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (3,376,410 | ) | (4,899,006 | ) | (4,263,231 | ) | ||||||
| Income tax expense | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (3,376,410 | ) | $ | (4,899,006 | ) | $ | (4,263,231 | ) | |||
The following table summarizes our results of operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, and provides information regarding the dollar and percentage increase or (decrease) during such periods. This information should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in Form 20-F, as filed on July 31, 2025.
Revenue
We did not generate any revenue during the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Operating expenses
| For the years ended March 31, | Variance | |||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | Amount | % | |||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing expenses | 716,264 | 1,771,614 | (1,055,350 | ) | (59.6 | ) | ||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 1,838,740 | 1,657,879 | 180,861 | 10.9 | ||||||||||||
| Research and development expenses | 832,565 | 1,459,828 | (627,263 | ) | (43.0 | ) | ||||||||||
| Total | 3,387,569 | 4,889,321 | (1,501,752 | ) | (30.7 | ) | ||||||||||
Sales and marketing expenses
Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of marketing expenses incurred for promotion of our app. Our sales and marketing expenses decreased by approximately $1.1 million, or 59.6% from $1.8 million for the year ended March 31, 2024 to $0.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2025. The decrease was mainly due to decreasing expenditure on conference events sponsorship.
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General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses primarily consist of (i) staff costs consisting of salaries, social insurance, and housing funds for our personnel in administrative departments, (ii) professional service fees, such as audit fees and legal fees for our daily operations, (iii) office rental expenses, and (iv) other miscellaneous expenses. Our general and administrative expenses increased by approximately $0.2 million, or 10.9% from $1.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2024 to $1.8 million for the year ended March 31, 2025. The increase was primarily due to an increase in legal and professional fees in related to the business combination transactions costs with Nova SPAC and the related listing expenses after the business combination transactions.
Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses primarily consist of staff costs including salaries, social insurance, and housing funds for our personnel in research and development departments, and other miscellaneous expenses. Our research and development expenses decreased by approximately $0.6 million, or 43.0% from $1.5 million for the year ended March 31, 2024 to $0.8 million for the year ended March 31, 2025. The decrease was primarily due to the reductions in headcounts which we closely monitored and controlled the expenditures in the research and development department.
Net loss
As a result of the foregoing, our net loss was approximately $3.4 million and $4.9 million for the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Comparison of the Years Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023
Operating expenses
| For the years ended March 31, | Variance | |||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Amount | % | |||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing expenses | 1,771,614 | 2,051,550 | (279,936 | ) | (13.6 | ) | ||||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 1,657,879 | 1,315,509 | 342,370 | 26.0 | ||||||||||||
| Research and development expenses | 1,459,828 | 929,916 | 529,912 | 57.0 | ||||||||||||
| Total | 4,889,321 | 4,296,975 | 592,346 | 13.8 | ||||||||||||
Sales and marketing expenses
Our sales and marketing expenses decreased by approximately $0.3 million, or 13.6% from $2.1 million for the year ended March 31, 2023 to $1.8 million for the year ended March 31, 2024. The decrease was mainly due to decreasing expenditure on conference events sponsorship.
General and administrative expenses
Our general and administrative expenses increased by approximately $0.3 million, or 26.0% from $1.3 million for the year ended March 31, 2023 to $1.7 million for the year ended March 31, 2024. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $0.3 million staff cost on newly recruited administrative staff, including financial controller, chief of staff and accounting officer.
Research and development expenses
Our research and development expenses increased by approximately $0.5 million, or 57.0% from $0.9 million for the year ended March 31, 2023 to $1.5 million for the year ended March 31, 2024. The increase was primarily due to (i) an increase of $0.4 million on recruitment of senior research and development officer and data scientist, and (ii) an increase of $0.1 million on cloud service for storage expansion and data processing requirement.
Net loss
As a result of the foregoing, our net loss was approximately $4.9 million and $4.3 million for the years ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
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Discussion of Certain Balance Sheet Items
The following table sets forth selected information from our unaudited consolidated balance sheets as of the date indicated. This information should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in the Form 6-K, as filed on March 31, 2026.
| As of | ||||||||
September 30, 2025 | March 31, 2025 | |||||||
| ASSETS | (Unaudited) | |||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 846,174 | $ | 2,575,225 | ||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 122,840 | 502,528 | ||||||
| Due from a related company | - | 714,527 | ||||||
| Due from a director | 107,728 | - | ||||||
| Total current assets | 1,076,742 | 3,792,280 | ||||||
| Non-current assets | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 75,307 | 30,078 | ||||||
| Right-of-use assets, net | 191,327 | 228,439 | ||||||
| Total non-current assets | 266,634 | 258,517 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 1,343,376 | $ | 4,050,797 | ||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Due to related parties - current | $ | - | $ | 37,512 | ||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities - current | 35,361 | 76,213 | ||||||
| Operating lease liabilities - current | 80,813 | 78,734 | ||||||
| Total current liabilities | 116,174 | 192,459 | ||||||
| Non-current liabilities | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities – non-current | 116,329 | 156,551 | ||||||
| Total liabilities | 232,503 | 349,010 | ||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | - | - | ||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Class A Ordinary Share (par value $0.0001 per share, 488,000,000 shares authorized; 4,755,277 and 4,821,281 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, respectively) | 507 | 482 | ||||||
| Class B Ordinary Share (par value $0.0001 per share, 12,000,000 shares authorized; 4,500,000 shares issued, and 4,050,000 shares outstanding (excluding 450,000 holdback shares subject to surrender and forfeiture) as of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025 | 405 | 405 | ||||||
| Less: Class A Ordinary Share held in treasury, at cost; 316,004 and nil shares as of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, respectively | (32 | ) | - | |||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 23,599,903 | 23,796,923 | ||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (22,506,556 | ) | (20,122,627 | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | 16,646 | 26,604 | ||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | 1,110,873 | 3,701,787 | ||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | 1,343,376 | $ | 4,050,797 | ||||
Cash
Cash consists of funds deposited with banks, which are highly liquid and are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use. The total balance of cash was $0.8 million and $2.6 million as of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, respectively.
Compared with the balance as of March 31, 2025, the change in the balance of cash as of September 30, 2025 was primarily due to $1.6 million used in operating activities.
Due from a related company
Immediately after giving effect to the Business Combination, the Sponsor became a shareholder of the Company. In March and April 2024, the Sponsor issued promissory notes of $69,764, $69,763 and $575,000 to Real Messenger Corporation. Pursuant to the promissory notes, the advances were unsecured, non-interest bearing and Real Messenger Corporation has the right, but no obligation, to convert the advances, in whole or in part, into the ordinary shares of the Company with a conversion price of $10.00 per share. On June 2, 2025, the Company and the Sponsor entered into a new agreement that both parties agreed to convert the promissory notes due from the Sponsor of $714,527 as of March 31, 2025 into 316,004 shares of Class A ordinary share of the Company, at a conversion price of $2.26113 per share. On June 5, 2025, the Company, through Real Messenger exercised the right to convert all the promissory notes by receiving 316,004 shares of Class A ordinary share of the Company.
As of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the receivable balance due from the related company was $nil and $714,527, respectively.
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The following table sets forth selected information from our audited consolidated balance sheets as of the date indicated. This information should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in the Form 20-F, as filed on July 31, 2025.
| As of March 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,575,225 | $ | 597,160 | ||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 502,528 | 649,080 | ||||||
| Due from a related company | 714,527 | - | ||||||
| Deferred offering costs | - | 376,081 | ||||||
| Total current assets | 3,792,280 | 1,622,321 | ||||||
| Non-current assets | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 30,078 | 45,670 | ||||||
| Right-of-use assets, net | 228,439 | - | ||||||
| Total non-current assets | 258,517 | 45,670 | ||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 4,050,797 | $ | 1,667,991 | ||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Due to related parties - current | $ | 37,512 | $ | 87,456 | ||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities - current | 76,213 | 214,746 | ||||||
| Operating lease liabilities - current | 78,734 | - | ||||||
| Total current liabilities | 192,459 | 302,202 | ||||||
| Non-current liabilities | ||||||||
| Convertible promissory notes payable | - | 5,000,000 | ||||||
| Due to related parties – non-current | - | 17,333 | ||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities – non-current | - | 5,095 | ||||||
| Operating lease liabilities – non-current | 156,551 | - | ||||||
| Total non-current liabilities | 156,551 | 5,022,428 | ||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | $ | 349,010 | $ | 5,324,630 | ||||
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of funds deposited with banks, which are highly liquid and are unrestricted as to withdrawal or use. The total balance of cash were $2.6 million and $0.6 million as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
Compared with the balance as of March 31, 2024, the change in the balance of cash as of March 31, 2025 was primarily $7.0 million proceeds from convertible promissory notes issued to a related party and a third party, net off by $4.0 million used in operating activities.
Prepaid expenses and other current assets
As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the breakdown of prepaid expenses and other current assets was as the following:
| As of March 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Prepaid insurance expenses(i) | $ | 376,678 | $ | - | ||||
| Deposit | 73,350 | - | ||||||
| Other prepayments | 52,500 | - | ||||||
| Amount due from Sponsor, Nova Pulsar Holdings Limited(ii) | - | 644,763 | ||||||
| Others | - | 4,317 | ||||||
| $ | 502,528 | $ | 649,080 | |||||
| (i) | The prepaid insurance expenses represented prepaid insurance expense for our directors and executive officers. |
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| (ii) | In July 2022, Real Messenger made a loan of $575,000 to the sponsor of Nova Vision, so as the sponsor deposited such amount into Nova Vision’s trust account in order to extend the time to complete a business combination for a period of three months. The loan was non-interest bearing and was repayable upon the closing of a business combination. |
In March 2024, the sponsor of Nova Vision issued a promissory note of $69,763 to Real Messenger, which would be payable promptly after the date on which Nova Vision consummates an initial business combination with the Company. In the event that a business combination does not close on or prior to April 10, 2024, as such deadline was further extended, the promissory note shall be deemed to be terminated and only half of the principal balance of the promissory note will thereafter be due from the sponsor of Nova Vision to the Company. The convertible promissory note was non-interest bearing and Real Messenger have the right to convert into ordinary shares of the Company, in whole or in part.
Due from a related company
Immediately after giving effect to the Business Combination, the Sponsor became a shareholder of the Company. In April 2024, the Sponsor issued a promissory note of $69,764 to Real Messenger Corporation. Pursuant to the promissory note, the advances were unsecured, non-interest bearing and Real Messenger Corporation has the right, but no obligation, to convert the advances, in whole or in part, into the ordinary shares of the Company with a conversion price of $10.00 per share. As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the receivable balance due from Sponsor was $714,527 and nil, respectively.
Subsequently, on June 5, 2025, the Company, through Real Messenger exercised the right to convert all the promissory notes by receiving 316,004 shares of Class A ordinary share of the Company.
Convertible promissory notes payable
On October 4, 2023, we issued convertible promissory notes in an aggregate principal amount of $5,000,000 to three investors, Edinburgh DH Holdings Limited, Fantastic Global Venture Limited, and Mercatus Group LLC with simple interest on the outstanding principal amount at 3% per annum and maturity on September 30, 2024. Pursuant to the extension to convertible promissory notes agreement dated July 12, 2024, the due date of the convertible promissory notes was extended to July 31, 2025.
On June 28, 2024 and July 9, 2024, we further issued convertible promissory notes of $4,500,000 and $2,500,000 to TKO Investments Limited and Compass AI Venture Incorporation, respectively. These convertible promissory notes were non-interest bearing with maturity on July 31, 2025.
On November 19, 2024, in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, we issued an aggregate 1,900,000 Class A Ordinary Shares to convert all the convertible promissory notes payable with the conversion prices ranging from $5 to $10 per share.
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Liquidity And Capital Resources
To date, we have financed our operating activities primarily through borrowings from related parties.
We have been incurring losses from operations since our inception. Accumulated deficit amounted to $22.5 million and $20.1 million as of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, respectively. For the six months ended September 30, 2025, the Company still did not generate any revenues from the launch of its online platform, however the Company generated revenue of $0.03 million from website service during the period.
The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to successfully execute its business plans including generating revenue, controlling operating costs and expenses to achieve positive operating cash flows, and securing funding from external sources to support positive financing cash flows. As of September 30, 2025, the Company’s bank balance was $0.8 million, which can fully cover the current liabilities of $0.1 million. The operating cash outflow of the Company was $1.6 million for the six months ended September 30, 2025.
The Company also intends to continue to raise additional capital through private placements of debt and equity securities, but there can be no assurance that these funds will be available on terms acceptable to the Company or will be sufficient to enable the Company to fully complete its development activities or sustain operations. If the Company is unable to raise sufficient additional funds, it will have to develop and implement a plan to these uncertainties, which includes pursuing strategic financing opportunities, optimizing costs, and accelerating revenue generation through expanded commercial partnerships. If the Company is not able to improve profitability, then the Company shall rely on financial support from its controlling shareholder. The Company believes that these initiatives, if successfully executed, will enable the Company to continue operating and meet its obligations as they become due.
These and other factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that financial statements are issued. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties.
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Cash flows
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:
| For the Six Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (1,556,984 | ) | $ | (1,854,151 | ) | ||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (162,286 | ) | - | |||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | - | 7,075,204 | ||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (9,781 | ) | (25,331 | ) | ||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | (1,729,051 | ) | 5,195,722 | |||||
| Cash at beginning of period | 2,575,225 | 597,160 | ||||||
| Cash at end of period | $ | 846,174 | $ | 5,792,882 | ||||
Operating activities
Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended September 30, 2025 was $1.6 million, primarily attributable to net loss of $2.4 million, adjusted for (i) a decrease in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $0.3 million as a amortization of prepayments of $0.3 million insurance expense for directors and officer, and (ii) an adjustment for non-cash expense of consultancy fee for Mr. Fredrik Eklund of $0.5 million.
Net cash used in operating activities for the six months ended September 30, 2024 was $1.8 million, primarily attributable to net loss of $1.6 million.
Investing activities
For the six months ended September 30, 2025, we had cash used in investing activities of $0.2 million, for advance to director and purchase of property and equipment.
There is no cash flow from investing activity for the six months ended September 30, 2024.
Financing activities
There is no cash flow from financing activity for the six months ended September 30, 2025.
For the six months ended September 30, 2024, the cash provided by financing activities was $7.1 million, which was primarily caused by the proceeds from convertible promissory notes from TKO Investments Limited and Compass AI Venture Incorporation in aggregate of $7.0 million.
| For the Year Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (4,012,901 | ) | $ | (4,755,165 | ) | $ | (5,061,602 | ) | |||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (69,764 | ) | (12,621 | ) | (31,722 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 6,112,058 | 5,087,456 | 5,264,382 | |||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (51,328 | ) | 1,340 | 600 | ||||||||
| Net increase in cash | 1,978,065 | 321,010 | 171,658 | |||||||||
| Cash at beginning of year | 597,160 | 276,150 | 104,492 | |||||||||
| Cash at end of year | $ | 2,575,225 | $ | 597,160 | $ | 276,150 | ||||||
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Operating activities
Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended March 31, 2025 was $4.0 million, primarily attributable to net loss of $3.4 million, adjusted for (i) an increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets of $0.5 million as a result of prepayments of $0.4 million insurance expense for directors and officer, and (ii) a decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $0.1 million with decrease in operating expenses incurred.
Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended March 31, 2024 was $4.8 million, primarily attributable to net loss of $4.9 million.
Net cash used in operating activities for the year ended March 31, 2023 was $5.1 million, primarily attributable to net loss of $4.3 million, adjusted for (i) an increase in other current assets of $1.1 million as a result of payments of $0.6 million to Nova SPAC and payments of marketing service expenses of $0.5 million, and (ii) an increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $0.3 million with increase in operating expenses incurred.
Investing activities
For the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, we had cash used in investing activities of $69,764, $12,621, and $31,722, respectively, for promissory notes borrowed to a related party and purchase of property and equipment.
Financing activities
For the year ended March 31, 2025, the cash provided by financing activities was $6.0 million, which was primarily caused by the proceeds from convertible promissory notes from TKO Investments Limited and Compass AI Venture Incorporation in aggregate of $7.0 million and offset by payment of offering costs of $1.0 million and repayments of borrowings of $1.1 million to the related parties.
For the year ended March 31, 2024, the cash provided by financing activities was $5.1 million, which was primarily caused by proceeds of $4.0 million from convertible promissory notes and borrowings of $5.8 million from the related parties, partially offset by repayment of borrowings of $4.7 million to the related parties.
For the year ended March 31, 2023, the cash provided by financing activities was $5.3 million, which was primarily caused by borrowings of $5.5 million from a related party, partially offset by payment of offering cost of $0.2 million.
Lease Properties
The Group recognized and measured lease liabilities in accordance with ASU 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)”. The Group leases a commercial property in Hong Kong mainly for use as office space with a lease term of 3 years. The table below sets forth the breakdown of the Group’s lease liabilities as of the dates indicated:
| As of March 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| (US$) | (US$) | |||||||
| Current | 78,734 | - | ||||||
| Non-current | 156,551 | - | ||||||
| 235,285 | - | |||||||
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The Group’s lease liabilities (comprising current and non-current liabilities) increased approximately US$0.2 million from nil as of March 31, 2024 to approximately US$0.2 million as of March 31, 2025, in line with the normal utilization of the lease tenure.
Capital Commitments
During the six months ended September 30, 2025 and the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, we did not have any capital expenditures incurred.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As at September 30, 2025, we have no off-balance sheet arrangements including arrangements that would affect its liquidity, capital resources, market risk support and credit risk support or other benefits.
Critical Accounting Policies, Judgments and Estimates
We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires our management to make estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet dates, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our financial condition or results of operations would be affected. We base our estimates on our own historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable after taking account of our circumstances and expectations for the future based on available information. We evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis.
Our expectations regarding the future are based on available information and assumptions that we believe to be reasonable, which together form our basis for making judgments about matters that are not readily apparent from other sources. Since the use of estimates is an integral component of the financial reporting process, our actual results could differ from those estimates. When reading our consolidated financial statements, you should consider our selection of critical accounting policies, the judgment and other uncertainties affecting the application of such policies and the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions. Our critical accounting policies and practices include the following: (i) income taxes and (ii) convertible promissory notes. Out of our significant accounting policies, which are described in Note 2—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Registration Statement, certain accounting policies are deemed “critical”, as they require management’s highest degree of judgment, estimates and assumptions, including valuation allowance for deferred tax assets.
We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if: (i) the accounting estimate requires us to make assumptions about matters that were highly uncertain at the time the accounting estimate was made, and (ii) changes in the estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period or use of different estimates that we reasonably could have used in the current period, would have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. We believe the following accounting estimates involve the most significant judgments used in the preparation of our financial statements.
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets
We account for income taxes using the liability method in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Under the asset and liability method as required by this accounting standard, the recognition of deferred income tax liabilities and assets for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the income tax basis and financial reporting basis of assets and liabilities.
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Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable income to be utilized with prior net operating loss carried forwards. Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it is related to items credited or charged directly to equity. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities.
We evaluate our valuation allowance requirements at end of each reporting period by reviewing all available evidence, both positive and negative, and considering whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance is needed. When circumstances cause a change in management’s judgement about the realizability of deferred tax assets, the impact of the change on the valuation allowance is generally reflected in income from operations. The future realization of the tax benefit of an existing deductible temporary difference ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carryforward period available under applicable tax law.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Recently adopted accounting standard
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The purpose of the update was to improve financial reporting by requiring disclosures of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis for all public entities to enable investors to develop more decision-useful financial analyses. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 (fiscal 2025 for the Company). The Company adopted this standard effective April 1, 2024 retrospectively for all periods presented.
Recently issued accounting standards not yet adopted
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Tax Disclosures (Topic 740), to enhance the disclosures related to income taxes, including the rate reconciliation and information on income taxes paid. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 (fiscal 2026 for the Company), with early adoption permitted. The Company is assessing the impact of this ASU, and upon adoption, may be required to include certain additional disclosures in the effective income tax rate reconciliation in the footnotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”), and in January 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-01, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date (“ASU 2025-01”). ASU 2024-03 requires additional disclosure of the nature of expenses included in the income statement as well as disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented in the income statement. ASU 2024-03, as clarified by ASU 2025-01, is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Both early adoption and retrospective application are permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of these standards will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-05, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. The amendment provides (1) all entities with a practical expedient to assume that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the assets and (2) entities other than public business entities with an accounting policy election to consider collection activity after the balance sheet date when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of these standards will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other— Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. The amendments in this ASU are intended to improve the operability of the guidance by removing all references to software development project stages so that the guidance is neutral to different software development methods, including methods that entities may use to develop software in the future. Therefore, the amendments require that an entity capitalize software costs when both: Management has authorized and committed to funding the software project; and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended (referred to as the “probable-to-complete recognition threshold”). This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of these standards will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-07, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Derivatives Scope Refinements and Scope Clarification for Share-Based Noncash Consideration from a Customer in a Revenue Contract. The ASU clarifies derivative scope exceptions for certain contracts with underlyings that are based on the operations or activities of one of the parties to the contract. The ASU also clarifies the applicability of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and its interaction with other ASC Topics (including ASC Topic 815 on derivatives and hedging and ASC Topic 321 on equity securities), in the accounting for share-based noncash consideration (such as warrants or shares) received from a customer for the transfer of goods or services. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of these standards will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-08, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Purchased Loans. The new ASU expands the population of acquired financial assets accounted for using the gross-up approach. Acquired loans (excluding credit cards) are deemed purchased seasoned loans and accounted for using the gross-up approach upon acquisition if criteria established by the new guidance are met. This change aims to enhance comparability, consistency, and better reflect the economics of acquiring financial assets. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of these standards will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-09, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Hedge Accounting Improvements. The ASU enables entities to apply hedge accounting to a greater number of highly effective economic hedges in the following five areas, (1) Similar Risk Assessment for Cash Flow Hedges: The ASU expands the hedged risks permitted to be aggregated in a group of individual forecasted transactions, enabling entities to apply hedge accounting to potentially broader portfolios of forecasted transactions; (2) Hedging Forecasted Interest Payments on Choose-Your-Rate Debt Instruments: The ASU establishes a model that enables hedge accounting to be applied more broadly to choose-your-rate debt and address existing diversity in practice; (3) Cash Flow Hedges of Nonfinancial Forecasted Transactions: The ASU expands hedge accounting for forecasted purchases and sales of nonfinancial assets subject to certain criteria; (4) Net Written Options as Hedging Instruments: The ASU accommodates differences in the loan and swap markets that resulted from reference rate reform, eliminating the requirement for the net written option test in certain instances; and (5) Foreign-Currency-Denominated Debt Instrument as Hedging Instrument and Hedged Item (Dual Hedge): The ASU eliminates the recognition and presentation mismatch related to a dual hedge strategy (that is, a hedge for which a foreign-currency-denominated debt instrument is both designated as the hedging instrument in a net investment hedge and designated as the hedged item in a fair value hedge of interest rate risk). This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods for entities other than public business entities. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of these standards will have on its consolidated financial statements.
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BUSINESS
Overview
The Company is a holding company incorporated as an exempted company under the laws of the Cayman Islands. While the Company has no material operations of its own, it conducts its business operations primarily through Real Corporation Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary incorporated in Hong Kong. We also anticipate establishing or acquiring subsidiaries in other key jurisdictions as part of its expansion strategy.
We develop and operate a technology platform for the real estate industry. Our platform provides customer relationship management (CRM), listing management, marketing tools, and communication infrastructure designed to support real estate brokerages and their agents. Our strategy is to partner with or acquire ownership interests in real estate brokerages and integrate those brokerages into our technology platform. By doing so, we are able to deploy our technology across the brokerage’s entire agent base, which drives high adoption rates and enables us to generate recurring technology service fees.
Through our proprietary real estate technology platform, we provide brokerages and their agents with an integrated operating system for managing listings, customer relationships, communications, and marketing activities. The platform is designed to serve as the central infrastructure through which agents manage transactions and client engagement.
We intend to generate revenue through two primary sources: (i) brokerage-related income, including gross commission income generated by brokerages in which we hold ownership interests; and (ii) technology service fees, which are recurring fees charged to brokerages and agents for the use of our software platform, including CRM, listing management systems, and related technology tools. Our strategy is to align our technology platform with brokerage ownership so that all agents within those brokerages operate on our platform, enabling consistent adoption and recurring technology revenue. In addition, we currently generate limited consultancy service income through an engagement arrangement providing digital marketing and technology advisory services.
The Company’s business is managing brokerage operations and future revenue across the world. We recognize the strategic value of maintaining a strong U.S. brokerage footprint, while also actively expanding into markets across Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America through a combination of acquisitions, joint ventures, and partnerships.
The majority of our technology development is led by Real Corporation Limited, our wholly-owned subsidiary in Hong Kong. This team is responsible for the design, engineering, and maintenance of our proprietary application infrastructure, including back-end systems that support agent services, transaction workflows, and digital media tools. Although we do not currently expect to generate any revenue in Hong Kong or mainland China, we consider our Hong Kong operations critical to our global development roadmap.
We believe that the future of real estate lies in empowering brokerage professionals with advanced digital tools, real-time market data, and AI-driven productivity enhancements. Our platform enables agents and teams to operate with greater efficiency, transparency, and reach—connecting stakeholders across geographic and organizational boundaries. Whether in a developed urban market or an emerging economy, we aim to support brokers and consumers alike with modern, scalable infrastructure.
We are an early stage company and we have not generated significant revenues to date.
Through ongoing acquisitions, we aim to integrate successful brokerage businesses into our operating ecosystem while providing them with proprietary tools to grow their client base, improve efficiency, and drive profitability. We believe that combining transaction-based future potential revenue from brokerage activities with SaaS-based future potential revenue from our digital tools will create a resilient, diversified business model.
Our monetization model will be driven by a combination of: (i) gross commission income from brokerage transactions, (ii) licensing fees for technology and productivity tools, and (iii) value-added services, such as premium marketing, lead generation, and data analytics. This strategy is designed to support sustainable earnings growth and unlock synergies across our acquired portfolio of real estate companies.
We currently operate and have strategic initiatives underway in over 35 countries, with a growing footprint in markets that demonstrate strong real estate activity and digital adoption. Our global perspective informs every aspect of our product roadmap and acquisition strategy, enabling us to scale a unified, tech-enabled real estate ecosystem that aligns with the diverse needs of agents, brokers, sellers, buyers, and investors around the world.
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Our Competitive Strengths
Scalable Acquisition Engine with Embedded Revenue
Our strategic focus on acquiring profitable, agent-led brokerage firms allows us to scale quickly in target geographies while securing recurring commission-based revenue from day one. These acquisitions are underpinned by rigorous financial and operational diligence and are selected for strong local brand equity, existing gross commission income, and team retention potential.
Tech-Enabled Brokerage Infrastructure
Our platform is purpose-built to empower real estate agents and brokerage teams through a vertically integrated ecosystem of tools, services, and support. We focus on acquiring and scaling high-performing brokerages globally, and equipping them with proprietary digital solutions to drive productivity, efficiency, and client satisfaction. Unlike traditional models that rely on app engagement or advertising revenue, our value proposition is grounded in operating real brokerage businesses with superior economics and digital leverage.
At the core of our ecosystem is a modular technology platform designed to empower agents and team leaders. Our tools support lead generation, deal management, video marketing, and performance analytics, giving agents a digital operating system that improves productivity, transparency, and client service. As we expand, these capabilities will be standardized across acquired entities, improving margins and efficiency.
Scalable Global Acquisition Strategy
We are pursuing an acquisition-led growth model, targeting established and profitable brokerage operations in key international markets. Our ability to acquire and integrate such businesses—while standardizing their operations on our proprietary technology stack—provides us with a highly scalable global model. We currently operate in over 35 countries, and expect our reach to grow significantly as we execute on our M&A roadmap. We expect that any and each acquisition we make will deepen our presence in strategic geographies and also contribute predictable commission revenue and long-term team retention.
We plan to acquire these businesses using a combination of cash to be raised by future finding rounds and issuance of our Class A Ordinary Shares. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in raising funds for acquisitions, whether on favorable terms or at all.
As of the date of this report, we have not signed any legally binding acquisition agreements or any non-binding letters of intent with any potential acquisition candidates.
Strong Brand Affinity with Agents
We benefit from early adoption by influential agents and team leaders across the markets we serve. Our emphasis on agent enablement, equitable value sharing, and brand alignment creates a compelling platform for entrepreneurial agents looking to grow their businesses. These partnerships enhance our recruiting and retention capabilities, enabling us to onboard productive teams and expand market share.
Centralized Technology with Local Flexibility
Our global operations are unified by a centralized tech and data infrastructure managed by our Hong Kong-based development team. This allows us to standardize core brokerage operations, while adapting to the compliance and cultural nuances of each regional market. This hybrid approach provides us with both operating leverage and local relevance—a combination that is rare among global real estate platforms.
Proprietary Real-estate Specific AI
By combining proprietary dynamic data with static data, our proprietary AI - RealAI - can help in unlocking new insights, streamlining workflows, and improving decision-making at every stage of the real estate journey.
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Having a well-curated vertical data set that is specific to the Real Estate Industry, an AI model can be trained to recognize patterns and trends that are unique to the real estate community. RealAI will predict the real estate needs and wants of its users, whether they are buyers, sellers, agents, investors, or renters.
For real estate agents, AI can provide a wealth of new opportunities to generate leads, connect with clients, and close deals. With advanced machine learning algorithms and predictive analytics, AI can help agents to identify promising leads, personalize their outreach, and optimize their sales strategies. By using AI-powered lead scoring systems, agents can quickly identify and prioritize hot leads, increasing their chances of closing more deals.
For buyers and sellers, AI can provide a more seamless and personalized experience, helping them to identify the best properties for their needs and navigate the complex process of buying or selling a home. By analyzing vast amounts of data on everything from local market trends to individual buyer preferences, AI can help to streamline the search process and improve the accuracy of pricing and valuation estimates. Additionally, AI can help to identify the best agents to close the deal, based on their experience, success rate, and areas of expertise. This can help buyers and sellers to make more informed decisions and find the right agent to represent them.
At the same time, AI can also benefit real estate owners and investors, by providing real-time insights into market conditions, investment opportunities, and risk management strategies. By analyzing data on past and present market trends, AI can help to identify hot spots and potential opportunities, giving owners and investors a competitive edge in the market. Additionally, AI can help to identify potential risks and provide recommendations for mitigating those risks, helping to ensure a more profitable and sustainable investment strategy.
In short, the power of real estate AI lies in its ability to combine the best of dynamic and static data, unlocking new opportunities and insights for all stakeholders in the industry. By leveraging this technology to its full potential, we can build a more transparent, efficient, and sustainable real estate industry for everyone.
By having a well-curated vertical data set that is specific to a particular industry, like real estate for example, an AI model can be trained to recognize patterns and trends that are unique to that industry.
Our Growth Strategy
Building the World’s Most Scalable Tech-Enabled Real Estate Platforms
The Company’s growth strategy is centered on building a global real estate platform through the acquisition of revenue-generating brokerages, the development of proprietary agent-enablement technology, and the integration of these components into a unified digital ecosystem. Our vision is to become the backbone infrastructure for the modern real estate professional—offering brokerage support, transaction technology, and data-driven services that create long-term operating leverage and recurring revenue.
Multi-Platform Brokerage Strategy: Unlocking Lifetime Agent Alignment
One of the most significant innovations underpinning the Company’s growth strategy is our ability to offer a multi-platform brokerage model—a first-of-its-kind framework designed to align with agents not just at the moment of onboarding, but throughout every stage of their professional journey.
Unlike traditional brokerage models, which offer fixed compensation structures and limited career flexibility, our ecosystem is intentionally designed to house multiple brokerage brands and models under a single operational and technological umbrella. This means an agent can begin their career on a low-barrier, high-lead volume model optimized for new agents who prioritize transaction flow and learning opportunities. As their business matures, they may opt to transition into a high-commission model that rewards personal production, or even shift into an equity-aligned model where long-term ownership and upside are paramount. For elite agents or teams who want to run their own operations with minimal oversight and fees, we will offer technology-first, media and AI centric models embedded into our platform. Furthermore, because our platform is global, agents are no longer restricted to their geographic region(s) or brokerage model should they desire to move markets due to any reason. All these transitions can happen without an agent ever leaving the Company’s ecosystem.
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We believe this approach will fundamentally redefine agent retention and loyalty across the industry. Traditional brokerages often suffer from high churn rates as agents outgrow the original value proposition—whether it’s lead generation, culture, compensation, or ownership opportunity. We view agent mobility within our system as a strength, not a weakness. By allowing agents to evolve with us instead of departing for competitors, we extend agent lifetime value and preserve network effects across our ecosystem.
No other real estate platform is currently positioned to deliver this kind of flexibility at scale. Competitors tend to enforce one-size-fits-all brokerage models that optimize for either top-producing agents or new entrants, but not both. Our technology stack, unified back office infrastructure, and modular business logic enable us to support multiple brokerage brands and commission structures with low marginal cost. We are not building a single brokerage brand—we are building a portfolio of interconnected platforms, united by shared technology and a long-term vision of agent enablement.
In doing so, we are not only building the world’s most scalable real estate platform, but also the most agent-aligned. We believe the brokerage of the future will not ask agents to conform to a rigid structure; it will offer them the freedom to choose the path that suits them best—without ever needing to leave.
Inorganic Expansion Through Strategic Acquisitions
We are executing a buy-and-build strategy that focuses on acquiring established brokerage teams and real estate businesses in key global markets. These acquisitions serve as foundational operating units within our ecosystem and provide immediate commission income, agent networks, and localized brand equity. We prioritize businesses with strong agent retention, cultural alignment, and leadership talent, enabling seamless integration into our platform.
Our M&A strategy targets markets with high transaction velocity, fragmented brokerage structures, and unmet demand for technology-driven operational models. Acquisitions are selected based on strategic geography, margin profile, and the ability to scale via technology and support centralization.
As of the date of this report, we have not completed any M&A transactions.
Unifying Acquired Brokerages Through Technology Integration
Post-acquisition, we deploy our proprietary suite of agent productivity tools—including CRM, lead management, digital marketing, and data analytics—to modernize acquired operations. This technology-first integration strategy reduces cost duplication, improves transaction speed and visibility, and enhances the client experience across the board.
Our platform creates consistency across diverse brokerage units while preserving local market expertise. By standardizing agent enablement and transaction processes, we unlock operating synergies and create a more scalable business model than traditional franchise or licensing models.
Launching Our Own Branded Brokerage Operations
In select markets where brand strength and digital adoption create a competitive advantage, we intend to launch our own branded brokerage operations. These brokerages will be tech-forward, mobile-native, and designed to appeal to high-performing teams seeking more autonomy, support, and upside.
This dual-track strategy—acquiring independent teams and launching Real-branded brokerages—provides flexibility in market entry and maximizes the brand’s global visibility.
Product and Platform Innovation
Our technology team, based in Hong Kong, continues to develop modular SaaS tools and smart workflow solutions that drive operational efficiency for agents and brokers. RealAI, our proprietary AI engine, enhances lead scoring, client matching, pricing intelligence, and transaction forecasting—enabling brokers to operate with greater precision and foresight.
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As part of our platform innovation roadmap, we are building media capabilities, predictive analytics, and social selling features that will further differentiate our value proposition in a competitive brokerage landscape.
Global Footprint with Local Relevance
Although the Company originated in the U.S., our platform has already reached over 35 countries organically. Moving forward, we will expand through targeted acquisitions in North America, Asia-Pacific, Europe, and the Middle East—focusing on gateway cities and high-growth real estate markets.
Our growth model is designed to balance global scalability with local execution. Each acquired brokerage maintains operational autonomy in the market it knows best, while benefiting from the technology, brand strength, and infrastructure of a global platform.
Capital Partnerships to Accelerate Expansion
To support our acquisition strategy, we are actively developing capital partnerships that will allow us to scale efficiently and opportunistically. These may include joint ventures, structured equity instruments, or co-investment vehicles that align investor returns with value creation at the brokerage level.
Our Key Metrics
As part of the Company’s strategic transition into a vertically integrated, acquisition-driven real estate technology platform, we have comprehensively redefined the key performance indicators used to evaluate our business. Our new growth model is not reliant on consumer virality, mobile app engagement, or social content creation. Instead, our business success will be driven by our ability to acquire and integrate high-performing brokerage teams, increase agent productivity through proprietary technology, and generate sustainable commission-based and SaaS revenues.
Why We Are Sunsetting Legacy Metrics
Historically, our business model emphasized building a real estate-focused social network, and accordingly, our performance was assessed through traditional consumer internet metrics such as:
| ● | App downloads, | |
| ● | Download-to-user conversion rate, | |
| ● | Paid user conversion rate, | |
| ● | Average app session time, and | |
| ● | Geographic dispersion of app users. |
While these metrics were appropriate during our pre-revenue and early product-market fit phase, they no longer reflect the operational or financial drivers of our current business. These measures were largely general metrics—focused on user growth and time spent in-app rather than tangible monetization, cost efficiency, or recurring revenue generation. Our revised strategy deprioritizes consumer engagement metrics in favor of business fundamentals aligned with our goals of acquisition-led growth, global brokerage expansion, and technology adoption.
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A New Metric Framework Aligned to Our Strategy
Going forward, our management team evaluates the business using a set of operator-focused, financially grounded, and scalability-oriented metrics that are directly tied to long-term shareholder value creation. These key metrics are tracked across the lifecycle of acquisitions, integrations, and platform adoption, and reflect both revenue generation and operational effectiveness:
| (i) | Real Estate Transaction Commission Revenue |
We expect to calculate our total commission revenue generated across all brokerages operated by the Company, inclusive of wholly owned acquisitions and any directly operated Real-branded entities. Commission revenue, if and when generated, will be a direct indicator of the productive output of our agent network and serves as a proxy for market share in the real estate transaction value chain. Generation of and growth in commission revenue will reflect both successful acquisition execution and the expansion of transaction volume through agent enablement.
| (ii) | Brokerage Agent Count (Active Licensed Professionals) |
We will measure our active agent base as the total number of licensed real estate agents affiliated with our operating brokerages. This figure expands through a combination of (a) acquisitions of firms with embedded teams, (b) organic recruiting efforts, and (c) launch of new brokerage brands in key markets. Agent count is a core growth lever, as it directly influences transaction throughput, revenue generation, and market coverage. We view our ability to attract and retain top agents as a competitive differentiator and a signal of the platform’s utility.
| (iii) | Commission Revenue Per Agent |
To assess operational efficiency at a unit level, once we begin to generate revenues, we will calculate contribution margin per agent as the gross profit derived from an agent’s production after brokerage-related expenses, excluding corporate overhead. This metric is expected to enable us to compare the economics of acquired brokerages, evaluate ROI on technology investments, and prioritize integration activities that are expected to yield the highest operational leverage. Over time, improving this margin will be critical to building a scalable and profitable brokerage model.
| (iv) | Agent Retention Rate |
Retention is a cornerstone of brokerage stability and long-term revenue performance. We will monitor future retention rates and related metrics to assess the satisfaction, engagement, and productivity of agents over time. Strong retention supports commission consistency, reduces churn-related costs, and indicates the strength of our value proposition, including technology, support, and brand equity.
| (v) | Technology Adoption Rate |
Our proprietary software platform is a key enabler of operational scale and differentiation. Once we generate revenue from our platform, we will monitor the percentage of agents actively using our core tools—including CRM, RealAI, marketing automation, deal tracking, and listing syndication. Adoption is tracked both at the brokerage level and the individual agent level. This metric will reflect successful onboarding, training efficacy, and integration maturity, and is strongly correlated with improvements in agent output, team efficiency, and brand stickiness.
| (vi) | User Revenue |
While consumer-facing monetization is no longer our primary business model, we will measure future potential revenue derived from homebuyers, sellers, owners, and investors who use our ecosystem tools. This is expected to include subscription fees for advanced data tools, listing services, and communication features offered via our platform. We expect focus on high-quality, recurring potential future revenue from these user segments and continue to refine our value proposition based on usage data and feedback.
| (vii) | Inside Sales and Ecosystem Revenue |
This metric will track potential future revenue generated from within our network—whether through upselling services to brokerage teams, referrals to ecosystem vendors (e.g., mortgage, title, insurance), or in-app purchases by agents and users. As our ecosystem is established and matures, we expect inside sales and marketplace monetization to become a meaningful driver of growth. This growth also would include ancillary SaaS tools, media production, advertising, and AI features sold internally to our owned brokerages or partner agents.
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Evolving Toward a Durable, Scalable Operating Model
These revised key metrics provide us with a more accurate and actionable lens through which to manage and scale our potential future revenue and our operations. They align with our strategic priorities: acquiring profitable businesses, retaining productive talent, embedding technology at the core of brokerage operations, and establishing and expanding our footprint globally. As we move forward, we will report against these metrics to demonstrate our operational execution, value creation through M&A, and technology-led competitive edge.
Our Solutions
We provide real estate agents and their teams of all sizes with solutions designed to attract leads within our global network, enable them to be more productive and successful, build their reputation and brand awareness, and market their services.
Our solution is designed to cater to the diverse needs of all core stakeholders within the real estate sector, from buyers and sellers, to agents, owners, and investors, providing them with tailored resources, tools, and services for an enhanced real estate experience. Our solution will include different subscription packages, with each subscription boasting a unique suite of features, as well as a free-of-charge solution for home seekers. This free solution will be made available to all users with a verified phone number, and they will get a grey checkmark. The monetized solution will have four different subscription packages - Real Green, Verified Agent, Owner Suite, and Investor Suite.
Free Solutions
Our free solution features are as follows:
Newsfeed: Shows the latest posts of any agents that the users follow.
RealPin: A newsfeed post curated by agents showcasing any real estate information that they find interesting to share to their followers or others.
RealMoment: Allows real estate agents to share videos and images of their listings and snippets of their day.
Explore: Enables users to conduct smart searches in order to browse all content posted on the app.
Interaction: Encourages users to initiate conversations with agents, including those who are not yet present on our platform.
Chat: Empowers everyone on our app to communicate with each other, improving the connection between users and increasing engagement.
User Connection: Connect with anyone on the app by following or liking each other.
Monetized Solutions
All monetized solutions will be developed in order to provide added value to the real estate community through various productivity and analytics tools, and our app will never charge a listing fee or contain paid promotions. Our current focus is on productivity tools for home seekers and real estate agents. Afterwards, we will implement analytics tools for real estate agents, as well as specialized features for real estate investors and owners.
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Our monetized solutions will include, but are not limited to:
Productivity Tools
| ● | Prioritized ranking |
| ● | Post longer videos in 1080p |
| ● | Customizable profile and team pages |
| ● | Additional features |
Data Analytics
| ● | Lead quality scores |
| ● | Lead recommendations and save |
| ● | Team collaboration tools |
| ● | Content performance tracking |
| ● | Additional features |
Desktop Application
| ● | Client Relationship Management (CRM) dashboard and tools |
| ● | Smart virtual assistant |
| ● | Advanced desktop application on messaging functions |
Customizable Profile and Team Page
Sales, Marketing and User Support
Technology Infrastructure
Our technology platform is designed to create an engaging networking experience for real estate stakeholders and is built to enable future growth at scale. We will employ technological innovations whenever possible in order to increase efficiency and to generate revenues and scale our business.
Our products rely upon our proprietary AI - the aforementioned RealAI. By combining proprietary dynamic data with static data, our AI helps to unlock new insights, streamline workflows, and improve decision-making at every stage of the real estate journey.
Our AI is based on a well-curated vertical data set that is specific to the real estate sector, and it is trained to recognize patterns and trends that are unique to the real estate community.
Our technology platform is designed to create an engaging networking experience for real estate stakeholders and is built to enable future growth at scale. We will employ technological innovations whenever possible in order to increase efficiency and scale our business.
Our technology infrastructure will also include robust cybersecurity measures, which will ensure the safekeeping of user data.
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Intellectual Property
Our success depends in part on our ability to protect our intellectual property and proprietary technologies. To protect our proprietary rights, we rely on a combination of intellectual property rights in the United States and other jurisdictions, including patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secret laws, license agreements, internal procedures, and contractual provisions. Our internal controls restrict access to priority technology.
Circumstances outside our control could pose a threat to our intellectual property rights. For example, effective intellectual property protection may not be available in the United States or other countries in which our products and solutions are distributed. Also, the efforts we have taken to protect our proprietary rights may not be sufficient or effective. Any significant impairment of our intellectual property rights could harm our business or our ability to compete. Any unauthorized disclosure or use of our intellectual property could make it more expensive to do business and harm our operating results
Third parties, including our competitors and non-practicing entities, may make claims from time to time that we have infringed their patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and/or other intellectual property rights. As our business grows and competition increases, we will likely face more claims related to intellectual property and litigation matters. In addition, to the extent that we gain greater visibility and market exposure, we face a higher risk of being the subject of intellectual property infringement claims from third parties.
Competition
The global real estate brokerage industry is highly competitive and fragmented, with a wide range of players including traditional brick-and-mortar brokerages, digitally native brokerage platforms, listing portals, and social media networks. As we seek to close our initial acquisition and then scale our business across international markets, we expect to face intense competition for brokerage talent, local market share, and technology leadership.
Despite this competition, we believe our vertically integrated model—combining proprietary technology, M&A-led geographic expansion, and centralized platform services— will position the Company to attract and retain productive agents and brokerage teams for the full duration of their careers.
Brokerage Industry Competition - We compete directly with real estate brokerages of all sizes, including legacy firms, regional independent brands, and publicly traded digital brokerages in several major global markets. These firms typically differentiate themselves through compensation structures, branding support, lead generation systems, and culture.
Our advantage lies in our confidence in our ability to acquire and scale brokerage operations globally while offering agents a unified technology platform that enhances productivity, automates administrative tasks, and amplifies their brand presence. We believe agents and teams increasingly seek platforms that reduce operational complexity, offer centralized support, and provide tools to win and close more business. Our value proposition—designed to improve net income per agent through digital leverage—differentiates us in a highly commoditized brokerage market.
We also offer agents and team leaders in our future acquired companies long-term alignment via participation in a larger technology ecosystem with greater upside than traditional brokerage models can offer.
Traditional Property Listing Platforms - Traditional real estate listing platforms operate largely as advertising marketplaces. These portals typically sit between agents and home seekers, monetizing through lead sales, pay-to-play advertising, and referral commission models.
We take a fundamentally different approach. Rather than charging agents to compete for visibility or leads, we operate as a vertically integrated brokerage network, enabling agents to own the relationship with future clients while equipping them with powerful marketing and transaction tools. Our platform reduces friction, eliminates advertising gatekeeping, and increases margins for agents by enabling more efficient workflows and data-driven prospecting.
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Social Networks - General-purpose social networks such as Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn allow real estate professionals to build audiences but are not tailored to the needs of real estate transactions. These networks do not provide industry-specific tools, workflows, or data services, and engagement is often fragmented and dependent on paid content promotion.
While agents may continue to use general-purpose social networks for brand awareness, we offer a purpose-built platform where real estate professionals can build their brand, manage transactions, and connect with clients within a platform optimized for their needs. Our long-term goal is to consolidate these workflows into a single environment, reducing the need for agents to rely on multiple third-party tools.
Government Regulation
We are subject to a number of foreign and domestic laws and regulations that affect companies conducting business on the Internet, as well as those utilizing AI, many of which are still evolving. Currently, the United States does not have a comprehensive legal framework to regulate AI’s development and use, and could be interpreted in ways that could harm our business.
Both within the United States and abroad, laws relating to the liability of providers of online services for activities of their users and other third parties are currently being tested by a number of claims, including actions based on invasion of privacy and other torts, unfair competition, copyright, trademark infringement, and other theories based on the nature and content of the materials searched, the ads posted, or the content provided by users. Any court ruling or other governmental action that imposes liability on providers of online services for the activities of their users and other third parties could potentially harm our business.
In addition, rising concern about the use of AI technologies for illegal conduct may in the future produce legislation or other governmental action that could require changes to our products or services, restrict or impose additional costs upon the conduct of our business, or cause users to abandon material aspects of our service.
In the area of information security and data protection, there are laws requiring notification to users when there is a security breach for personal data or requiring the adoption of minimum information security standards that are often vaguely defined and, as such, difficult to practically implement.
The costs of compliance with these laws may increase in the future as a result of changes in interpretation. Furthermore, any failure on our part to comply with these laws may subject us to significant liabilities.
We are also subject to federal, state, and foreign laws regarding privacy and protection of user data. We post on our website our privacy policy and user agreement, which describe our practices concerning the use, transmission, and disclosure of user data. Any failure by us to comply with our posted privacy policy or privacy-related laws and regulations could result in proceedings against us by governmental authorities or others, which could harm our business.
In addition, because we strive to make our app accessible worldwide, certain foreign jurisdictions could claim that we are required to comply with their laws, including in jurisdictions where we have no local entity, employees, or infrastructure.
Our Values and Company Culture
Our values are the principles by which we manage our day-to-day business and facilitate decision-making. Our core values are as follows:
Real Estate Should Be Fun - we are dedicated to bringing the thrill and excitement back to the real estate community by redefining the way that people consume real estate information.
Quality Content Should be Rewarded - we believe that creating high-quality content should be rewarded with free inbound connections and attention.
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Improve Relationships, Reduce Barriers – by providing a centralized communication platform, we strive to reduce the barriers to communication and collaboration, thereby improving the real estate community’s overall efficiency and effectiveness.
Our Competitive Advantages
Efficient Acquisition, Integration, and Growth: Our ability to acquire and integrate profitable brokerages, standardize their operations on a shared technology platform, and deliver superior economics to agents positions the Company to grow sustainably in a highly competitive environment. We believe that over time, agents will prioritize platforms that provide consistent support, modern digital infrastructure, and the ability to grow their business globally.
Global Platform, Local Execution: While the real estate industry is inherently local, we believe there is a global opportunity to unify brokerage operations on a shared technology and support platform. Our approach balances global scale with local execution, enabling the Company to expand rapidly while preserving the autonomy, culture, and compliance standards of local brokerage teams.
Facilities
Our headquarters is our office in Costa Mesa, California, which we opened in February 2022. Real Corporation Limited, our wholly-owned Hong Kong subsidiary, leases office Space in Hong Kong, where a number of its employees work on the development and maintenance of the back-end of the app. Over the past two years, we have hired talent who work remotely in the U.S., United Kingdom, Singapore and India, reflecting our focus on finding the right talent regardless of location.
Legal Proceedings
We are not currently (but may become in the future) involved in legal proceedings, claims, or investigations in the ordinary course of our business, including claims for infringing intellectual property rights related to our products and the content contributed by our users. Although the results of these potential future proceedings, claims, and investigations cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that the final outcome of these matters is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. Regardless of final outcomes, however, any such proceedings, claims, and investigations may nonetheless impose a significant burden on management and employees and may come with costly defense costs or unfavorable preliminary and interim rulings.
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REGULATIONS
This section sets forth a summary of the most significant rules and regulations that affect our business activities in Hong Kong.
Laws and Regulations Relating to Our Business in Hong Kong
As we conduct business in Hong Kong through our wholly-owned subsidiary Real Messenger HK, our business operations are subject to various regulations and rules promulgated by the Hong Kong government.
Real Messenger HK is a digital brokerage operations service provider in real estate that was established in Hong Kong. As at the date of this prospectus, there was no statutory or mandatory licensing and qualification system in Hong Kong governing the provision of their services.
The following is a brief summary of the Hong Kong laws and regulations that currently and materially affect our business. This section does not purport to be a comprehensive summary of all present and proposed regulations and legislation relating to the industries in which we operate.
Hong Kong Laws and Regulations relating to Business Registration
The Business Registration Ordinance (Chapter 310 of the Laws of Hong Kong) requires every person carrying on any business to make application to the Commissioner of Inland Revenue in the prescribed manner for the registration of that business. The Commissioner of Inland Revenue must register each business for which a business registration application is made and as soon as practicable after the prescribed business registration fee and levy are paid, issue a business registration certificate or branch registration certificate for the relevant business or the relevant branch as the case may be.
Hong Kong Laws and Regulations relating to Protection of Personal Data
Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Chapter 486 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (“PDPO”), which came into full effect in Hong Kong on August 1, 1996, aims to protect the privacy of individuals of their personal data. The PDPO imposes a statutory duty on data users to comply with the requirements of the six data protection principles (the “Data Protection Principles”) contained in Schedule 1 to the PDPO. The PDPO provides that a data user shall not do an act, or engage in a practice, that contravenes a Data Protection Principle unless the act or practice, as the case may be, is required or permitted under the PDPO. The six Data Protection Principles are:
| ● | Principle 1 – purpose and manner of collection of personal data; |
| ● | Principle 2 – accuracy and duration of retention of personal data; |
| ● | Principle 3 – use of personal data; |
| ● | Principle 4 – security of personal data; |
| ● | Principle 5 – information to be generally available; and |
| ● | Principle 6 – access to personal data. |
Non-compliance with a Data Protection Principle may lead to a complaint to the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data (the “Privacy Commissioner”). The Privacy Commissioner may serve an enforcement notice to direct the data user to remedy the contravention. A data user who contravenes an enforcement notice commits an offence which may lead to a fine and imprisonment.
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The PDPO also gives data subjects certain rights, inter alia:
| ● | the right to be informed by a data user whether the data user holds personal data of which the individual is the data subject; |
| ● | if the data user holds such data, to be supplied with a copy of such data; and |
| ● | the right to request correction of any data they consider to be inaccurate. |
The PDPO criminalizes, including but not limited to, the misuse or inappropriate use of personal data in direct marketing activities, non-compliance with a data access request and the unauthorized disclosure of personal data obtained without the relevant data user’s consent.
Hong Kong Laws and Regulations relating to Trade Description
Trade Descriptions Ordinance (Chapter 362 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (“TDO”), which came into full effect in Hong Kong on April 1, 1981, aims to prohibit false or misleading trade description and statements to goods and services provided by traders to the consumers during or after a commercial transaction. Pursuant to the TDO, any person in the course of any trade or business applies a false trade description to any goods and services or supply or offers to supply them commits an offence and a person also commits the same offence if he/she is in possession for sale or for any purpose of trade or manufacture of any goods with a false description. The TDO also provides that traders may commit an offence if they engage in a commercial practice that has a misleading omission of material information of the goods, an aggressive commercial practice, involves bait advertising, bait and switch or wrong acceptance of payment.
Hong Kong Laws and Regulations relating to Supply of Services
Supply of Services (Implied Terms) Ordinance (Chapter 457 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (“SSITO”), which came into full effect in Hong Kong on October 21, 1994, stipulates that in a contract for the supply of service, where the supplier is acting in the course of a business, there is an implied term that the supplier will carry out the service with reasonable care and skill. The SSITO provides that where, under a contract for the supply of a service by a supplier acting in the course of a business, the time for the service to be carried out is not fixed by the contract, is not left to be fixed in a manner agreed by the contract or is not determined by the course of dealing between the parties, there is an implied term that the supplier will carry out the service within a reasonable time. The SSITO also provides that where, under a contract for the supply of a service, the consideration for the service is not determined by the contract, is not left to be determined in a manner agreed by the contract or is not determined by the course of dealing between the parties, there is an implied term that the party contracting with the supplier will pay a reasonable charge.
Hong Kong Laws and Regulations relating to Exemption Clauses in a Contract
Control of Exemption Clauses Ordinance (Chapter 71 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (“CECO”), which came into full effect in Hong Kong on December 1, 1990 aims to limit the scope where the seller may limit its liability via the terms of the contracts. The CECO provides that unless the concerned terms satisfy the test of reasonableness, a person dealing as consumer cannot by reference to any contract term be made to indemnify another person (whether a party to the contract or not) in respect of liability that may be incurred by the other for negligence or breach of contract.
Hong Kong Laws and Regulations relating to Intellectual Properties Rights
Trademarks Ordinance (Chapter 559 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (“TMO”), which came into full effect in Hong Kong on April 4, 2003 provides the framework for the Hong Kong’s system of registration of trademarks and sets out the rights attached to a registered trade mark, including logo and a brand name. The TMO restricts unauthorized use of a sign which is identical or similar to the registered mark for identical and/or similar goods and/or services for which the mark was registered, where such use is likely to cause confusion on the part of the public. The TMO provides that a person may also commit a criminal offence if that person fraudulently uses a trademark, including selling and importing goods bearing a forged trade mar, or possessing or using equipment for the purpose of forging a trademark.
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Patents Ordinance (Chapter 514 of the Laws of Hong Kong), which came into full effect in Hong Kong on June 27, 1997 provides the framework for “re-registration” system of Chinese, UK and European patents in Hong Kong. Pursuant to Patents (Amendment)Ordinance 2016, which came into full effect in Hong Kong on 19 December 2019 provide a new framework for a new patent system - an “original grant patent” system, running in parallel with the “re-registration” system.
Copyright Ordinance (Chapter 528 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (“Copyright Ordinance”), which came into full effect in Hong Kong on July 13, 2001 provides comprehensive protection for recognized categories of work including artistic work. The Copyright Ordinance restricts certain acts such as copying and/or issuing or making available copies to the public of a copyright work without the authorization from the copyright owner as it may constitute primary infringement. The Copyright Ordinance provides that a person may also incur liability for secondary infringement if that person possesses, sells, distributes or deals with a copy of a work which is, and which he knows or has reason to believe to be, an infringing copy of work for the purposes of or in the course of any trade or business without the consent of the copyright owner.
Hong Kong Laws and Regulations relating to Competition
Competition Ordinance (Chapter 619 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (“Competition Ordinance”), which came into full effect in Hong Kong on December 14, 2015 prohibits and deters undertakings in all sectors from adopting anti-competitive conduct which has the object or effect of preventing, restricting or distorting competition in Hong Kong. The key prohibitions include (i) prohibition of agreements between businesses which have the object or effect of preventing, restricting or distorting competition in Hong Kong; and (ii) prohibiting companies with a substantial degree of market power from abusing their power by engaging in conduct that has the object or effect of preventing, restricting or distorting competition in Hong Kong. The penalties for breaches of the Competition Ordinance include, but are not limited to, financial penalties of up to 10% of the total gross revenues obtained in Hong Kong for each year of infringement, up to a maximum of three years in which the contravention occurs.
Hong Kong Laws and Regulations relating to Employment
Pursuant to Employment Ordinance (Chapter 57 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (“EO”), which came into full effect in Hong Kong on September 27, 1968, all employees covered by the EO are entitled to basic protection under the EO including but not limited to payment of wages, restrictions on wages deductions and the granting of statutory holidays.
Pursuant to Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Ordinance (Chapter 485 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (“MPFSO”), which came into full effect in Hong Kong on December 1, 2000, every employer must take all practicable steps to ensure that the employee becomes a member of a Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF) scheme. An employer who fails to comply with such a requirement may face a fine and imprisonment. The MPFSO provides that an employer who is employing a relevant employee must, for each contribution period, from the employer’s own funds, contribute to the relevant MPF scheme the amount determined in accordance with the MPFSO.
Pursuant to Employees’ Compensation Ordinance (Chapter 282 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (“ECO”), which came into full effect in Hong Kong on December 1, 1953, all employers are required to take out insurance policies to cover their liabilities under the ECO and at common law for injuries at work in respect of all of their employees. An employer failing to do so may be liable to a fine and imprisonment.
Pursuant to Minimum Wage Ordinance (Chapter 608 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (“MWO”), which came into full effect in Hong Kong on May 1, 2011, an employee is entitled to be paid wages no less than the statutory minimum wage rate during the wage period. With effect from May 1, 2023, the statutory minimum hourly wage rate is HK$40. Failure to comply with MWO constitutes an offence under EO.
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MANAGEMENT
Directors and Executive Officers
The following table sets forth information regarding our executive officers and directors as of the date of this prospectus.
| Name | Age | Position(s) | ||
| Kwai Hoi Ma | 48 | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman | ||
| Yee Ling Ho | 52 | Acting Chief Financial Officer | ||
| Felix Tak Shing Ko(1) | 47 | Independent Director | ||
| Wai Keung David Chung (1) | 60 | Independent Director | ||
| Chun Fung Horace Ma(1) | 55 | Independent Director |
| (1) | Member of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. |
Biography
Mr. Kwai Hoi Ma (Mr. Thomas Ma) has served as our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors following the consummation of the Business Combination. Mr. Ma is a founder of RMHL. He has served as RMHL’s (and its affiliates’) Chief Executive Officer and as Chairman of the Board, since their respective dates of incorporation. Mr. Ma was raised in both Hong Kong and the United Kingdom, affording him a distinct global perspective that Real Messenger believes helps it both address local needs and expand its influence internationally. Mr. Ma and his family are deeply entrenched in Hong Kong’s banking and real estate industries, with Tai Sang Bank, founded by his family in 1961. This background has instilled in him a profound entrepreneurial spirit and a business mindset, enabling him to make significant strides in the real estate sector. After obtaining his degree from The University of Manchester in the United Kingdom in 1999, Mr. Ma embarked on his professional journey with Arthur Andersen, where he honed his skills from 1999 to 2001. Subsequently, he joined his family businesses, leveraging his expertise to foster growth in the banking and real estate sectors. Over a decade of immersion in this industry have helped him cultivate an in-depth understanding of the market dynamics and the evolving needs of consumers. In 2010, Mr. Ma founded HOHOJO, a trailblazing rental marketplace. He formed Real Messenger mobile application in 2018, with a focus on transforming the real estate sector and providing tools for real estate agents to excel in their work.
Ms. Yee Ling Ho has served as our acting Chief Financial Officer following the consummation of the Business Combination. Ms. Ho is also RMHL’s Acting Chief Financial Officer. Ms. Ho has over 20 years working experience in professional accounting firm, MNCs and Private Equity Funds. Ms. Ho joined RMHL as Financial Controller since February 2023. In this capacity, Ms. Ho is responsible for overseeing the finance and accounting function of the group companies. Before joining RMHL, Ms. Ho spent majority of her professional career in the PE Fund industry. She was the Vice President, Finance at Phoenix Property Investors and was responsible for the Fund administration and finance operation of a number of reputable PE Funds in the Asia Pacific region. She also worked at Tencent, where her role was Fund Financial Controller and responsible for overseeing the PE Fund investments from Tencent’s investment portfolio. Ms. Ho is a Certified Public Accountant and a member of The Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants. She obtained her Bachelor of Accounting and Master’s degree in Finance from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
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Mr. Felix Tak Shing Ko has served as our Independent Director since February 2025. Mr. Ko is a highly accomplished consultant based in London with over two decades of experience in financial services, chartered accounting, and talent acquisition. Over the past 14 years, Mr. Ko has specialized in talent acquisition and insights within the financial services sector, helping global clients design cost-effective talent strategies. Since 2023, he has been a director of Future Crest Ltd. From 2020 to 2023, he was the Head of Financial Services Practice in Parkhouse Bell, specializing in business development and talent research. Prior to that, he worked as a client partner at Armstrong Craven from 2017 to 2019, also specializing in business development and talent research. As a Fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW) and a member of the Chartered Alternative Investment Analyst (CAIA) Association, Mr. Ko will bring exceptional financial expertise and strategic insight to the board. Mr. Ko began his career in London, completing his Chartered Accountant qualification while working in auditing. He later joined JP Morgan as an Associate in 2006, where he gained extensive experience in investment banking operations, risk management, and financial strategy. Mr. Ko graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from the University of Manchester in the United Kingdom in 2000.
Mr. Wai Keung David Chung has served as our Independent Director following the consummation of the Business Combination. Mr. Chung has served as RMHL’s Independent Director since March 2021. Mr. Chung is a seasoned technologist, entrepreneur, and policymaker with over 30 years of experience. He is a strong advocate for impact investment and has held senior management positions in leading multinational, Hong Kong, and mainland enterprises such as Cyberport, Microsoft, and Jardine Pacific. He has also led the expansion of several technology startups into international markets. Currently, Professor Chung is an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Computer Science at City University and the Founder and Chief Impact Officer of ImpactD Limited. He previously served as the Under Secretary for Innovation and Technology Bureau of the HKSAR for two terms. In recognition of his contributions to the field, he was awarded the Iconic Star - IFTA FinTech and Innovation Award 2021/22 and was named Top CIO of Greater China by CEO/CIO magazine in 2013. Professor Chung is actively involved in various high-level advisory committees in the academic, professional, and community arenas. He has served as a member of the Consumer Council and Expert Group on Cloud Computing Services and Standards. Professor Chung holds a Doctorate in Engineering Management from City University of Hong Kong, an MBA from Open University of Hong Kong, a Postgraduate Diploma in Business Management from Chinese University of Hong Kong, and a Bachelor of Science (Engineering) in Computer Science from Imperial College London.
Mr. Chun Fung Horace Ma has served as our Independent Director following the consummation of the Business Combination. Mr. Ma has served as RMHL’s Independent Director since March 2021. Mr. Ma has over 20 years of experience in senior management, audit, compliance and finance in the technology and consumer sectors. Mr. Ma is currently the chief financial officer of S. Culture Holdings (BVI) Limited, where he joined in 2011 to lead the company to a successful IPO on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in July 2013. Prior to joining S. Culture Holdings (BVI) Limited, Mr. Ma was the Group Financial Controller of Samvo Strategic Holdings Limited, an online gaming company licensed out of London, England from 2009 to 2010. Prior to Samvo Strategic Holdings Limited, Mr. Ma founded Protiviti Hong Kong, a leading independent risk consulting firm in 2003. Mr. Ma’s core clients focused in technology, telecom and real estate sectors. Mr. Ma started his formal professional training in Arthur Andersen Hong Kong in 1993. He has been a Certified Public Accountant (Practicing) registered with the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants since 2003, a fellow member of the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants since 2004, a Certified Internal Auditor registered with the Institute of Internal Auditors since 2005 and holder of Certification of Control Self-Assessment of the Institute of Internal Auditors since 2006. Mr. Ma graduated with a Master of Science in Finance (2004) and Bachelor of Business Administration and Professional Accountancy (1993) conferred by The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Bachelor of Laws External Programme (2001) conferred by the University of London.
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Employment Agreements, Director Agreements and Indemnification Agreements
We have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive officers. Pursuant to these agreements, each of our executive officers is employed for an initial term of two years, renewable upon mutual agreement of the Company and the executive officer.
The executive officers are entitled to a fixed salary and to participate in our equity incentive plans, if any, and other company benefits, each as determined by the board of directors from time to time.
We may terminate the executive officer’s employment for cause, at any time, without notice or remuneration, for certain acts, such as conviction or plea of guilty to a felony or grossly negligent or dishonest acts to our detriment, or material breach of any term of any employment or other services, confidentiality, intellectual property or non-competition agreements with the Company. In such case, the executive officer will solely be entitled to accrued and unpaid salary through the effective date of such termination, and his/her right to all other benefits will terminate, except as required by any applicable law. The executive officer is not entitled to severance payments upon any termination.
The executive officer may voluntarily terminate his/her employment for any reason, and such termination shall take effect 30 days after the receipt by the Company of the notice of termination. Upon the effective date of such termination, the executive officer shall be entitled to (a) accrued and unpaid salary and vacation through such termination date; and (b) all other compensation and benefits that were vested through such termination date. In the event the executive officer is terminated without notice, it shall be deemed a termination by the Company for cause.
Each of our executive officers has agreed not to use for his or her personal purposes nor divulge, furnish, or make accessible to anyone or use in any way (other than in the ordinary course of the business of the Company) any confidential or secret information or knowledge of the Company, whether developed by him or herself or by others.
In addition, each executive officer has agreed to be bound by non-competition restrictions during the term of his or her employment and for six months following the last date of employment.
Each executive officer also has agreed not to (i) solicit or induce, on his or her own behalf or on behalf of any other person or entity, any employee of the Company or any of its affiliates to leave the employ of the Company or any of its affiliates; or (ii) solicit or induce, on his or her own behalf or on behalf of any other person or entity, any customer or prospective customer of the Company or any of their respective affiliates to reduce its business with the Company or any of its affiliates.
We have entered into director agreements with each of our independent directors, which agreements set forth the terms and provisions of their respective engagements.
In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our current Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association.
Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers
For the year ended March 31, 2025, we paid an aggregate of $574,875 to our directors and executive officers for their services and accrued an aggregate of $25,069 in compensation to our independent directors.. We have not set aside or accrued any amount to provide pension, retirement or other similar benefits to our executive officers and directors. Our Hong Kong subsidiaries are required by law to make contributions Mandatory Provident Fund (MPF) for each employee.
Board of Directors and Committees
Our board of directors currently consists of five directors. The NASDAQ Capital Market corporate governance rules require that a majority of an issuer’s board of directors must consist of independent directors. We have a majority of independent directors serving on our board of directors. Although as a foreign private issuer we are permitted to follow the corporate governance practice of the Cayman Islands, which does not require a majority of independent directors on our board, we elect to follow the NASDAQ corporate governance rules at this time.
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Our board of directors may exercise all the powers of our Company to borrow money, mortgage its undertaking, property and uncalled capital, and issue debentures or other securities whenever money is borrowed or as security for any obligation of our Company or of any third party. None of our non-executive directors has a service contract with us that provides for severance payments upon termination of service.
We have established an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee, and a Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee. Each of the committees of the board of directors is described below.
Audit Committee
Mr. Felix Tak Shing Ko, Mr. Wai Keung David Chung, and Mr. Chun Fung Horace Ma serve as members of the audit committee of the Company (the “Audit Committee”). Mr. Chun Fung Horace Ma serves as the chair of the Audit Committee. Each of the members of the Audit Committee satisfies all independence requirements under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq. Our Board has determined that Mr. Chun Fung Horace Ma possesses accounting or related financial management experience that qualifies him as an “audit committee financial expert” as defined by the rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq.
The Audit Committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of our financial statements. The Audit Committee is generally responsible for, among other things:
| ● | appointing the independent auditors and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent auditors; |
| ● | reviewing with the independent auditors any audit problems or difficulties and management’s response; |
| ● | discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent auditors; |
| ● | reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our accounting and internal control policies and procedures and any steps taken to monitor and control major financial risk exposures; |
| ● | reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions; |
| ● | meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent auditors; and |
| ● | monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensure proper compliance. |
Compensation Committee
Mr. Chun Fung Horace Ma, Mr. Wai Keung David Chung and Mr. Felix Tak Shing Ko serve as members of the compensation committee of the Company (the “Compensation Committee”). Mr. Felix Tak Shing Ko serves as the chair of the Compensation Committee. Each of the members of the Compensation Committee satisfies the independence requirements under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq.
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The Compensation Committee is generally responsible for overseeing and making recommendations to the Board regarding the salaries and other compensation of our Executive Officers and general employees and providing assistance and recommendations with respect to our compensation policies and practices. The Compensation Committee is generally responsible for, among other things:
| ● | reviewing and approving annually the corporate goals and objectives applicable to the compensation of the chief executive officer, evaluating the chief executive officer’s performance at least annually, and determining and approving the chief executive officer’s compensation level based on this evaluation; |
| ● | reviewing and approving the compensation of all other Executive Officers; |
| ● | reviewing, approving and recommending incentive compensation plans and equity-based plans to the Board and shareholders of the Company for approval, and administering the Company’s incentive compensation plans and equity-based plans; |
| ● | reviewing, approving and recommending employment agreements and severance arrangements or plans to the Board for approval; |
| ● | reviewing all Director compensation and benefits for service on the Board and Board committees at least once a year, and recommending any changes to the Board as necessary; and |
| ● | overseeing, in conjunction with the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, engagement with shareholders and proxy advisory firms on executive compensation matters. |
Nominating and Governance Committee
Mr. Chun Fung Horace Ma, Mr. Wai Keung David Chung and Mr. Felix Tak Shing Ko serve as members of the nominating and governance committee of the Company (the “Nominating and Governance Committee”). Mr. Wai Keung David Chung serves as the chair of the Nominating and Governance Committee. Each of the members of the Nominating and Governance Committee satisfies all independence requirements under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq.
The Nominating and Governance Committee is generally responsible for identifying and proposing new potential director nominees to the Board for consideration and for reviewing our corporate governance policies. The Nominating and Governance Committee is generally responsible for, among other things:
| ● | determining the qualifications, qualities, skills, and other expertise required to be a Director, and developing and recommending to the Board the criteria to be considered in selecting director nominees for the Board’s approval; |
| ● | identifying and screening individuals qualified to become members of the Board, and considering any director candidates recommended by the Company’s shareholders pursuant to the procedures described in the Company’s annual report; |
| ● | selecting and approving the director nominees to be submitted to a shareholder vote at the shareholders’ annual meeting, subject to approval by the Board; |
| ● | developing and recommending to the Board a set of corporate governance guidelines applicable to the Company, reviewing these principles at least once a year and recommending any changes to the Board; |
| ● | overseeing the Company’s corporate governance practices and procedures, including identifying best practices, and reviewing and recommending to the Board for approval any changes to the documents, policies and procedures in the Company’s corporate governance framework; |
| ● | reviewing the Board’s committee structure and composition and to make recommendations to the Board annually regarding the appointment of directors to serve as members of each committee and committee chairmen; |
| ● | if a vacancy on the Board and/or any Board committee occurs, identifying and making recommendations to the Board regarding the selection and approval of candidates to fill such vacancy either by election by shareholders or appointment by the Board; |
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| ● | developing and overseeing a Company orientation program for new Directors and a continuing education program for current Directors, periodically reviewing these programs and updating them as necessary; |
| ● | reviewing, approving and overseeing any transaction between the Company and any related person on an ongoing basis in accordance with the Company’s related party transaction approval policy; |
| ● | reviewing and discussing with management disclosure of the Company’s corporate governance practices; |
| ● | developing and recommending to the Board for approval an officer succession plan, to review such succession plan periodically with the chief executive officer, developing and evaluating potential candidates for executive positions, and recommending to the Board any changes to and any candidates for succession under the succession plan. |
Director Independence
Our board of directors reviewed the materiality of any relationship that each of our directors has with us, either directly or indirectly, and the Company has determined that Mr. Felix Tak Shing Ko, Mr. Wai Keung David Chung, and Mr. Chun Fung Horace Ma are “independent directors” as defined by NASDAQ.
Duties and Functions of Directors
As a matter of Cayman Islands law, our directors owe fiduciary duties to our company, including a duty of loyalty, a duty to act honestly, and a duty to act in good faith in what they consider to be in our best interests. Our directors must also exercise their powers only for a proper purpose. Our directors also have a duty to exercise the skills they actually possess and such care and diligence that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances.
In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our memorandum and articles of association as may be amended from time to time. Our company has a right to seek damages against any director who breaches a duty owed to us.
The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:
| ● | convening shareholders’ annual general meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at such meetings; |
| ● | declaring dividends and distributions; |
| ● | appointing officers and determining the term of office of officers; and |
| ● | exercising the borrowing powers of our company and mortgaging the property of our company. |
Terms of Directors and Officers
Our officers are appointed by and serve at the discretion of the Board. An appointment of a director may be on terms that the director shall automatically retire from office (unless he has sooner vacated office) at the next or a subsequent annual general meeting or upon any specified event or after any specified period in a written agreement between the Company and the director, if any; but no such term shall be implied in the absence of express provision. Each director whose term of office expires shall be eligible for re-election at a meeting of the Shareholders or re-appointment by the Board. The office of director may also be vacated if, among other things, he (i) becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors, (ii) dies or is found to be or becomes of unsound mind, (iii) resigns his office by notice in writing to the Company and (iv) without special leave of absence from the Board, is absent from meetings of the Board for three consecutive meetings and the Board resolves that his office be vacated. The directors may at any time appoint any person to be a director either to fill a vacancy or as an addition to the existing directors. Where the directors appoint a person as director to fill a vacancy, the term shall not exceed the term that remained when the person who has ceased to be a director ceased to hold office. A vacancy in relation to directors occurs if a director dies or otherwise ceases to hold office prior to the expiration of his term of office.
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PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
The following table sets forth information regarding the beneficial ownership of our ordinary shares by:
| ● | each person or “group” (as such term is used in Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act) known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our ordinary shares; |
| ● | each of our current executive officers and directors; and |
| ● | all executive officers and directors of the Company as a group. |
The beneficial ownership of Ordinary Shares is based on 10,958,961 ordinary shares issued and outstanding as of May 13, 2026, consisting of 5,071,281 Class A Ordinary Shares and 6,337,680 Class B Ordinary Shares issued, among which 450,000 Class B Ordinary Shares are holdback shares for eighteen months from the closing of Business Combination. Each Class A Ordinary Share is entitled to one (1) vote and each Class B Ordinary Share is entitled to twenty-five votes.
Beneficial ownership is determined according to the rules of the SEC, which generally provide that a person has beneficial ownership of a security if he, she or it possesses sole or shared voting or investment power over that security, including options and warrants that are currently exercisable or exercisable within sixty (60) days.
Unless otherwise indicated, we believe that all persons named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all of our ordinary shares beneficially owned by them, subject to applicable community property laws. Any our Ordinary Shares subject to options or warrants exercisable within 60 days of the consummation of this prospectus are deemed to be outstanding and beneficially owned by the persons holding those options or warrants for the purpose of computing the number of shares beneficially owned and the percentage ownership of that person. They are not, however, deemed to be outstanding and beneficially owned for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person.
| Name and Address of Beneficial Owner(1) | Number of Shares | Percentage of Shares | Voting Power | |||||||||
| Five Percent or Greater Holders: | ||||||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma(2) | 7,217,555 | 65.86 | % | 97.54 | % | |||||||
| Bloomington DH Holdings Limited(3) | 5,937,555 | 54.18 | % | 79.68 | % | |||||||
| Edinburgh DH Holdings Limited(4) | 1,280,000 | 11.68 | % | 17.86 | % | |||||||
| Fantastic Global Venture Limited(5) | 700,000 | 6.39 | % | 0.46 | % | |||||||
| Directors and Executive Officers: | ||||||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | 7,217,555 | 65.86 | % | 97.54 | % | |||||||
| Yee Ling Ho | — | — | % | — | % | |||||||
| Felix Tak Shing Ko | — | — | % | — | % | |||||||
| Wai Keung David Chung | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Chun Fung Horace Ma | 20,000 | * | % | * | % | |||||||
| All Directors and Executive Officers as a group (6 individuals) | 7,237,555 | 66.04 | % | 97.54 | % | |||||||
* Less than 1%.
| (1) | Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of each of the individuals or entities is c/o 695 Town Center Drive, Suite 1200, Costa Mesa, CA 92626. |
| (2) | Includes (i) 4,807,680 Class B Ordinary Shares owned by Bloomington DH Holdings Limited, a holding company owned and controlled by Kwai Hoi, Ma; (ii) 1,129,875 Class A Ordinary Shares converted from promissory notes and (iii) 1,080,000 Class B Ordinary Shares and 200,000 Class A Ordinary Shares owned by Edinburgh DH Holdings Limited, a holding company owned and controlled by the spouse of Kwai Hoi, Ma. The aforementioned 200,000 Class A Ordinary Shares consists of 100,000 Class A ordinary shares transferred from Nova Pulsar Holdings Limited and 100,000 Class A ordinary shares issued upon the conversion of a 2023 Convertible Note purchased in the 2023 Private Placement. |
| (3) | Holding company owned and controlled by Kwai Hoi, Ma, who holds voting and/or dispositive power of the shares of the Company. |
| (4) | Holding company owned and controlled by the spouse of Kwai Hoi, Ma, who holds voting and/or dispositive power of the shares of the Company. |
| (5) | Holding company owned and controlled by Mr. Ching Yuk, Ma, who holds voting and/or dispositive power of the shares of the Company. The business address of Fantastic Global Venture Limited is 130 Des Voeux Road, Central, Hong Kong. |
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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Employment Agreements, Director Agreements and Indemnification Agreements
See “Management—Employment Agreements, Director Agreements and Indemnification Agreements.”
The following table summarizes our related party transactions during the periods presented.
| Six months ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Borrowings from related parties (a) | ||||||||
| Mui Ko | $ | - | $ | 75,204 | ||||
| Repayment of borrowings from related party | ||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | 221,791 | $ | 290,715 | ||||
| Payment of operating expenses on behalf of the Company (b) | ||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | 205,142 | $ | 332,116 | ||||
| Advance to a related party (c) | ||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | 128,010 | $ | - | ||||
| Purchase of convertible promissory note issued by the Company | ||||||||
| TKO Investment Limited | $ | - | $ | 4,500,000 | ||||
| Interest expense of convertible promissory notes - related parties | ||||||||
| Edinburgh DH Holdings Limited | $ | - | $ | 14,959 | ||||
| Fantastic Global Venture Limited | - | 52,356 | ||||||
| $ | - | $ | 74,795 | |||||
| (a) | The borrowings from related parties were interest free and repayable on demand. |
| (b) | The payments of operating expenses, deferred offering costs and purchase of property and equipment on behalf of the Company were subject to repayments to Mr. Kwai Hoi, Ma. |
| (c) | The advance to a director for general business activities was interest free and repayable on demand. |
The following table summarizes our related party transactions during the years presented.
| For the Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Borrowings from related parties(a) | ||||||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | - | $ | 3,536,592 | $ | 976,941 | ||||||
| Mui Ko | 449,877 | 1,409,014 | - | |||||||||
| $ | 449,877 | $ | 4,945,606 | $ | 976,941 | |||||||
| Repayment of borrowings from related parties | ||||||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | 615,969 | $ | 4,253,628 | $ | 1,276 | ||||||
| Mui Ko | 449,877 | 409,014 | - | |||||||||
| $ | 1,065,846 | $ | 4,662,642 | $ | 1,276 | |||||||
| Payment of operating expenses of behalf of the Company(b) | ||||||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | 593,263 | $ | 791,871 | $ | 4,256,995 | ||||||
| Payment of deferred offering costs(b) | ||||||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 200,000 | ||||||
| Payment of SPAC extension fee, as part of deferred offering costs | ||||||||||||
| Nova Pulsar Holdings Limited | $ | 69,763 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||
| Purchase of convertible promissory note issued by the Company | ||||||||||||
| TKO Investment Limited | $ | 4,500,000 | $ | - | $ | - | ||||||
| Fantastic Global Venture Limited | $ | - | $ | 3,500,000 | $ | - | ||||||
| Edinburgh DH Holdings Limited | $ | - | $ | 1,000,000 | $ | - | ||||||
| Payment of marketing expenses | ||||||||||||
| True Blue | $ | - | $ | 451,613 | $ | 375,000 | ||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment on behalf of the Company(b) | ||||||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | - | $ | 12,621 | $ | 31,722 | ||||||
| Interest expense of convertible promissory notes - related parties | ||||||||||||
| Edinburgh DH Holdings Limited | $ | 19,151 | $ | 12,951 | $ | - | ||||||
| Fantastic Global Venture Limited | 67,027 | 4,382 | - | |||||||||
| $ | 86,178 | $ | 17,333 | $ | - | |||||||
| (a) | The borrowings from related parties were interest free and repayable on demand. |
| (b) | The payments of operating expenses, deferred offering costs and purchase of property and equipment on behalf of us were subject to repayments to Mr. Kwai Hoi, Ma. |
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Balances with related parties
As of September 30, 2025, March 31, 2025 and 2024, the balances due from (to) related parties were as follows:
| As of September 30, | As of March 31, | |||||||||||
| 2025 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||
| Due from a related party | ||||||||||||
| Nova Pulsar Holdings Limited | $ | - | $ | 714,527 | $ | - | ||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma (a) | 107,728 | - | - | |||||||||
| $ | 107,728 | $ | 714,527 | $ | - | |||||||
| Due to related parties | ||||||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | - | $ | 37,512 | $ | 87,456 | ||||||
| Edinburgh DH Holdings Limited | - | - | 12,951 | |||||||||
| Fantastic Global Venture Limited | - | - | 4,382 | |||||||||
| $ | - | $ | 37,512 | $ | 104,789 | |||||||
| (a) | The balance was subsequently settled after the balance sheet date and prior to the date of this filing. Considering the business purpose and the subsequent settlement, we have assessed that it does not violate the SOX 402 or any other SEC rules. |
Convertible promissory notes with related parties
On October 4, 2023, we issued convertible promissory notes in an aggregate principal amount of $4,500,000 to two related parties, Edinburgh DH Holdings Limited and Fantastic Global Venture Limited with simple interest on the outstanding principal amount at 3% per annum and maturity on September 30, 2024. Pursuant to the extension to convertible promissory notes agreement dated July 12, 2024, the due date of the convertible promissory notes was extended to July 31, 2025.
On June 28, 2024, we issued convertible promissory note of $4,500,000 to a related party. TKO Investments Limited. The convertible promissory notes were non-interest bearing with maturity on July 31, 2025.
On November 19, 2024, in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company issued an aggregate 1,900,000 Class A Ordinary Shares to convert all the convertible promissory notes payable with the conversion prices ranging from $5 to $10 per share.
Upon the closing of the Business Combination, RMSG entered into employment agreements with each of its executive officers. RMSG also entered into director agreements with each of its directors and indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers.
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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
RULE 144
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, once we have been subject to the public company reporting requirements of Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act for at least 90 days, persons who are not our affiliates and have beneficially owned our Class A Ordinary Shares for more than six (6) months but not more than one year may sell such Class A Ordinary Shares without registration under the Securities Act subject to the availability of current public information about us. Persons who are not our affiliates and have beneficially owned our Class A Ordinary Shares for more than one year may freely sell our Class A Ordinary Shares without registration under the Securities Act. Persons who are our affiliates (including persons beneficially owning 10% or more of our outstanding shares), and have beneficially owned our Class A Ordinary Shares for at least six (6) months, may sell within any three (3)-month period a number of restricted securities that does not exceed the greater of the following:
| ● | 1.0% of the then outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares; or | |
| ● | the average weekly trading volume of our Class A Ordinary Shares during the four calendar weeks preceding the date on which notice of the sale on Form 144 is filed with the SEC by such person. |
Such sales are also subject to manner-of-sale provisions, notice requirements and the availability of current public information about us. In addition, in each case, these shares would remain subject to any applicable lock-up arrangements and would only become eligible for sale when the lock-up period expires.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We are offering up to 6,802,721 Units, each Unit consisting of one Class A Ordinary Share or one Pre-Funded Warrant and one Common Warrant, each to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share, based on an assumed public offering price of US$1.47 per Unit, for gross proceeds of approximately US$10.0 million before deduction of placement agent fees and offering expenses, in a best-efforts offering. We are registering our Class A Ordinary Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants included in the Units offered hereby, the Placement Agent Warrants, as well as the Class A Ordinary Shares issuable from time to time upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants included in the Units offered hereby and the Placement Agent Warrants. Our Units have no stand-alone rights and will not be certificated or issued as stand-alone securities. The Class A Ordinary Shares and the Common Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants comprising our Units are immediately separable and will be issued separately in this offering. There is no minimum amount of proceeds that is a condition to closing of this offering. The actual amount of gross proceeds, if any, in this offering could vary substantially from the gross proceeds from the sale of the maximum amount of securities being offered in this prospectus.
Because this is a best-efforts offering, the placement agent does not have an obligation to purchase any securities. We expect that the offering will end one trading day after we first enter into a securities purchase agreement relating to the offering and the offering will settle delivery versus payment (“DVP”)/receipt versus payment (“RVP”). Accordingly, we and the placement agent have not made any arrangements to place investor funds in an escrow account or trust account since the placement agent will not receive investor funds in connection with the sale of the securities offered hereunder.
Pursuant to a letter agreement by and between the Company and Maxim, dated as of April 14, 2026, as amended on May 18, 2026, we have engaged Maxim to act as our exclusive placement agent to solicit offers to purchase the securities offered by this prospectus. The placement agent is not purchasing or selling any securities, nor is it required to arrange for the purchase and sale of any specific number or dollar amount of securities, other than to use its “reasonable best efforts” to arrange for the sale of the securities by us. Therefore, we may not sell the entire amount of securities being offered. There is no minimum amount of proceeds that is a condition to closing of this offering. We will enter into a securities purchase agreement directly with the investors, at the investor’s option, who purchase our securities in this offering. Investors who do not enter into a securities purchase agreement shall rely solely on this prospectus in connection with the purchase of our securities in this offering. The placement agent may engage one or more subagents or selected dealers in connection with this offering.
The placement agency agreement provides that the placement agent’s obligations are subject to conditions contained in the placement agency agreement.
We will deliver the securities being issued to the investors upon receipt of investor funds for the purchase of the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus. We expect to deliver the securities being offered pursuant to this prospectus on or about [ ], 2026.
Placement Agent Fees, Commissions and Expenses
Upon the closing of this offering, we will pay the placement agent a cash fee equal to 6.5 % of the aggregate gross cash proceeds to us from the sale of the securities in the offering. The placement agency agreement provides that no fee will be payable by us to the placement agent on any purchase of Units in this offering that is made by an investor that is a shareholder of the Company as of the closing of this offering. Pursuant to the placement agency agreement, we will agree to reimburse the placement agent for its legal fees, costs and expenses in connection with the offering, irrespective of whether the offering is consummated, (i) up to US$80,000 (inclusive of any advance paid by us to the placement agent) in the event the offering is completed and (ii) up to US$50,000 if an offering is not consummated.
The following table shows the public offering price, placement agent fees and proceeds, before expenses, to us.
| Per Unit | Total | |||||||
| Public offering price | US$ | 1.47 | 10,000,000 | |||||
| Placement agent fees (6.5%) | US$ | 0.10 | 650,000 | |||||
| Proceeds, before expenses, to us | US$ | 1.37 | 9,350,000 | |||||
We estimate that the total expenses of the offering, including registration, filing and listing fees, printing fees, legal and accounting expenses, expenses for background ground checks, travel and lodging expenses associated with road show trips, but excluding the placement agent fees, will be approximately US$251,402, all of which are payable by us.
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Indemnification
We have agreed to indemnify the placement agent against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act and liabilities arising from breaches of representations and warranties contained in the placement agency agreement, or to contribute to payments that the placement agent may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.
Right of First Refusal
We have agreed to grant the Placement Agent for the nine month period following the closing of this offering, a right of first refusal to act as sole managing underwriter and sole book runner, sole placement agent or sole sales agent, for any and all future public or private equity, equity-linked offerings for which the Company retains the service of an underwriter, agent, advisor, finder or other person or entity in connection with such offering. In compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(6)(A), the duration of the right of first refusal shall in no event exceed three years from the commencement of sales of this offering or the termination date of the engagement between the Company and Maxim.
Lock-Up Agreements
We and our directors and officers and any other holder(s) of five percent (5.0%) or more of the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Company (and all holders of securities exercisable for or convertible into Ordinary Shares) have agreed not to issue, enter into any agreement to issue, announce the issuance or proposed issuance of, or file any registration statement in connection with, any Class A Ordinary Shares in a six-month period from the closing of this offering, subject to certain exceptions, without the prior written consent of the placement agent.
The placement agent has no present intention to waive or shorten the lock-up period; however, the terms of the lock-up agreements may be waived at its discretion. In determining whether to waive the terms of the lock-up agreements, the placement agent may base its decision on its assessment of the relative strengths of the securities markets and companies similar to ours in general, and the trading pattern of, and demand for, our securities in general.
Other Compensation
Upon the closing of this offering, or if the engagement period as provided in the engagement letter between us and the placement agent ends prior to a closing of an offering (other than a termination for cause), then if within nine (9) months following such time, we complete any public or private financing of equity, equity-linked, convertible or debt or other capital-raising activity with, or receive any proceeds from, any investors that were contacted, introduced or participated in this offering (excluding any investors that either held ordinary shares of the Company prior to the closing or that were introduced by the Company to the placement agent), then the Company shall pay to the placement agent a commission as described in this section, in each case only with respect to the portion of such financing received from such investors.
Placement Agent Warrants
We have agreed to issue warrants to the placement agent (the “Placement Agent Warrants”) to purchase a number of Class A Ordinary Shares equal to three percent (3.0)% of the total number of Class A Ordinary Shares sold in this offering, at an exercise price equal to 100% of the initial exercise price and on the same terms as the Common Warrants issued in this offering, including, but not limited to, registering the Placement Agent Warrants and the underlying Class A Ordinary Shares and filing all necessary undertakings in connection therewith. The Placement Agent Warrants will be exercisable commencing six (6) months after the date of effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and will remain exercisable until the three (3) year anniversary of such date.
The Placement Agent Warrants and the underlying shares are deemed to be compensation by FINRA, and therefore may be subject to a lock-up pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1). However, as we believe the Company qualifies for the exemption set forth in FINRA Rule 5110(e)(2)(A)(iii), which provides that the lock-up restrictions under FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1) do not apply to securities of an issuer eligible to use Form F-3, we believe the Placement Agent Warrants are not subject to the lock-up restrictions under FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1).
We have agreed to a maximum of two demand registrations of the Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Placement Agent Warrants at the warrant holders’ expense for a period of five (5) years from the closing date of this offering. The Placement Agent Warrants also provide for unlimited “piggyback” registration rights at our expense with respect to the underlying Class A Ordinary Shares for a period of two (2) years commencing from the closing date of this offering.
Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Placement Agent Warrants shall have substantially the same terms and provisions as the Common Warrants.
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Regulation M
The placement agent may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of Section 2(a)(11) of the Securities Act, and any commissions received by it and any profit realized on the resale of the securities sold by it while acting as principal might be deemed to be underwriting discounts or commissions under the Securities Act. As an underwriter, the placement agent would be required to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, Rule 10b-5 and Regulation M under the Exchange Act. These rules and regulations may limit the timing of purchases and sales of our securities by the placement agent acting as principal. Under these rules and regulations, the placement agent (i) may not engage in any stabilization activity in connection with our securities and (ii) may not bid for or purchase any of our securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any of our securities, other than as permitted under the Exchange Act, until it has completed its participation in the distribution.
Certain Relationships
The placement agent and its affiliates have and may in the future provide, from time to time, investment banking and financial advisory services to us in the ordinary course of business, for which they may receive customary fees and commissions.
Listing
Our Class A Ordinary Shares are currently listed on the Nasdaq under the symbol “RMSG”. We do not intend to list the Common Warrants, the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Placement Agent Warrants on any securities exchange or other trading market.
Affiliations
The placement agent and its respective affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include securities trading, commercial and investment banking, financial advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, financing and brokerage activities. The placement agent and its affiliates may from time to time in the future engage with us and perform services for us or in the ordinary course of their business for which they will receive customary fees and expenses. In the ordinary course of their various business activities, the placement agent and its respective affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers, and such investment and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of us. The placement agent and its respective affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of these securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in these securities and instruments.
Electronic Distribution
A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites or through other online services maintained by the placement agent of this offering, or by its affiliates. Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on the placement agent’s website and any information contained in any other website maintained by the placement agent is not part of this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the placement agent in its capacity as the placement agent, and should not be relied upon by investors.
In connection with this offering, the placement agent or certain securities dealers may distribute prospectuses by electronic means, such as e-mail.
Selling Restrictions Outside the United States
No action may be taken in any jurisdiction other than the United States that would permit a public offering of our securities or the possession, circulation, or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. Accordingly, our securities may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, and neither the prospectus nor any other offering material or advertisements in connection with our securities may be distributed or published in or from any country or jurisdiction except under circumstances that will result in compliance with any applicable laws, rules and regulations of any such country or jurisdiction. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any of our securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.
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Notice to Prospective Investors in Canada
Securities legislation in certain provinces or territories of Canada may provide a purchaser with remedies for rescission or damages if this prospectus (including any amendment thereto) contains a misrepresentation, provided that the remedies for rescission or damages are exercised by the purchaser within the time limit prescribed by the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory. The purchaser should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory for particulars of these rights or consult with a legal advisor.
Pursuant to section 3A.3 (or, in the case of securities issued or guaranteed by the government of a non-Canadian jurisdiction, section 3A.4) of National Instrument 33-105 Underwriting Conflicts (NI 33-105), the underwriters are not required to comply with the disclosure requirements of NI 33-105 regarding underwriter conflicts of interest in connection with this offering. Our securities may be sold only to purchasers purchasing, or deemed to be purchasing, as principal that are accredited investors, as defined in National Instrument 45-106 Prospectus Exemptions or subsection 73.3(1) of the Securities Act (Ontario), and are permitted clients, as defined in National Instrument 31-103 Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations. Any resale of our securities must be made in accordance with an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the prospectus requirements of applicable securities laws.
Notice to Prospective Investors in the United Kingdom
This prospectus is only being distributed to and is only directed at persons in the United Kingdom that are qualified investors within the meaning of Article 2(1)(e) of the Prospectus Directive that are also (i) to investment professionals falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 within, and/or (ii) high net worth entities, and other persons to whom it may lawfully be communicated, falling with Article 49(2)(a) to (d) (all such persons together being referred to as “relevant persons”).
This prospectus and its contents are confidential and should not be distributed, published or reproduced (in whole or in part) or disclosed by recipients to any other persons in the United Kingdom. Any person in the United Kingdom who is not a relevant person should not act or rely on this prospectus or any of its contents.
Notice to Prospective Investors in Singapore
This prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, this prospectus and any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of our securities may not be circulated or distributed, nor may our securities be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to any person in Singapore other than (i) to an institutional investor (as defined in Section 4A of the Securities and Futures Act 2001 (the “SFA”)) pursuant to Section 274 of the SFA, (ii) to a relevant person (as defined in Section 275(2) of the SFA) pursuant to Section 275(1) of the SFA, or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A) of the SFA (where applicable) and Regulation 3 of the Securities and Futures (Classes of Investors) Regulations 2018 of Singapore, and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA, or (iii) otherwise pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA.
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Where the shares are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 of the SFA by a relevant person which is:
| (a) | a corporation (which is not an accredited investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA)) the sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an accredited investor; or |
| (b) | a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited investor) whose sole purpose is to hold investments and each beneficiary of the trust is an individual who is an accredited investor, securities or securities-based derivatives contracts (each term as defined in Section 2(1) of the SFA) of that corporation or the beneficiaries’ rights and interest (howsoever described) in that trust shall not be transferred within six months after that corporation or that trust has acquired the shares pursuant to an offer made under Section 275 of the SFA except: |
| (1) | to an institutional investor or to a relevant person, or to any person arising from an offer referred to in Section 275(1A) or Section 276(4)(i)(B) of the SFA; | |
| (2) | where no consideration is or will be given for the transfer; | |
| (3) | where the transfer is by operation of law; | |
| (4) | as specified in Section 276(7) of the SFA; or | |
| (5) | as specified in Regulation 37A of the Securities and Futures (Offers of Investments) (Securities and Securities-based Derivatives Contracts) Regulations 2018 of Singapore. |
In connection with Section 309B of the SFA and the Securities and Futures (Capital Markets Products) Regulations 2018 (the “CMP Regulations 2018”), unless otherwise specified before an offer of the shares, the Company has determined, and hereby notifies all relevant persons (as defined in Section 309A(1) of the SFA) (where applicable), that the shares are “prescribed capital markets products” (as defined in the CMP Regulations 2018) and Excluded Investment Products (as defined in MAS Notice SFA 04-N12: Notice on the Sale of Investment Products and MAS Notice FAA-N16: Notice on Recommendations on Investment Products).
Notice to Prospective Investors in the People’s Republic of China
This prospectus may not be circulated or distributed in China and our securities may not be offered or sold, and will not offer or sell to any person for re-offering or resale directly or indirectly to any resident of China except pursuant to applicable laws, rules and regulations of China. For the purpose of this paragraph only, China does not include Taiwan and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
Notice to Prospective Investors in Hong Kong
Our securities may not be offered or sold in Hong Kong by means of any document other than (i) in circumstances which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32, Laws of Hong Kong), (ii) to “professional investors” within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571, Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made thereunder, or (iii) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a “prospectus” within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32, Laws of Hong Kong) and no advertisement, invitation or document relating to our securities be issued or may be in the possession of any person for the purpose of issue (in each case whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere), which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public in Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to our securities which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to “professional investors” within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571, Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made thereunder.
Notice to Prospective Investors in Taiwan, the Republic of China
Our securities have not been and will not be registered with the Financial Supervisory Commission of Taiwan, the Republic of China, pursuant to relevant securities laws and regulations and may not be offered or sold in Taiwan through a public offering or in any manner which would constitute an offer within the meaning of the Securities and Exchange Act of Taiwan or would otherwise require registration with or the approval of the Financial Supervisory Commission of Taiwan.
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Notice to Prospective Investors in the Cayman Islands
No invitation, whether directly or indirectly may be made to the public in the Cayman Islands to subscribe for our securities. This prospectus does not constitute a public offer of our securities, whether by way of sale or subscription, in the Cayman Islands. Our securities have not been offered or sold, and will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, in the Cayman Islands.
Notice to Prospective Investors in the European Economic Area
In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area (each a “Member State”), none of our securities have been offered or will be offered pursuant to the offering to the public in that Member State prior to the publication of a prospectus in relation to our securities which has been approved by the competent authority in that Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another Member State and notified to the competent authority in that Member State, all in accordance with the Prospectus Regulation, except that offers of our securities may be made to the public in that Member State at any time under the following exemptions under the Prospectus Regulation:
| ● | to any legal entity which is a qualified investor as defined under the Prospectus Regulation; | |
| ● | to fewer than 150 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined under the Prospectus Regulation), subject to obtaining the prior consent of the underwriter for any such offer; or | |
| ● | in any other circumstances falling within Article 1(4) of the Prospectus Regulation. |
provided that no such offer of our securities shall require us or any of our representatives to publish a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Regulation or supplement a prospectus pursuant to Article 23 of the Prospectus Regulation and each person who initially acquires any of our securities or to whom any offer is made will be deemed to have represented, acknowledged and agreed to and with each of the representatives and us that it is a “qualified investor” as defined in the Prospectus Regulation.
In the case of any of our securities being offered to a financial intermediary as that term is used in Article 5 of the Prospectus Regulation, each such financial intermediary will be deemed to have represented, acknowledged and agreed that our securities acquired by it in the offer have not been acquired on a nondiscretionary basis on behalf of, nor have they been acquired with a view to their offer or resale to, persons in circumstances which may give rise to an offer of any of our securities to the public other than their offer or resale in a Member State to qualified investors as so defined or in circumstances in which the prior consent of the representatives has been obtained to each such proposed offer or resale.
For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer to the public” in relation to any of our securities in any Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and any of our securities to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for any of our securities, and the expression “Prospectus Regulation” means Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 (as amended).
Stamp Taxes
If you purchase our securities offered by this prospectus, you may be required to pay stamp taxes and other charges under the laws and practices of the country of purchase, in addition to the public offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus.
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DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability and our affairs are governed by the memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, the Companies Act, and common law of the Cayman Islands.
As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized share capital is $50,000.00 divided into 488,000,000 class A ordinary shares of par value $0.0001 each and 12,000,000 class B ordinary shares of par value $0.0001 each. As of the date of this prospectus, 5,071,281 Class A Ordinary Shares and 6,337,680 Class B Ordinary Shares were issued, of which 450,000 Class B Ordinary Shares are holdback shares that are being held in escrow by the Company through May 19, 2026 in connection with certain indemnification obligations in connection with the Business Combination.
Our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association
We are a Cayman Islands company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands and our affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time, and the Companies Act.
The following are summaries of material provisions of our Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association and the Companies Act insofar as they relate to the material terms of our ordinary shares.
General. The Company’s authorized share capital is US$50,000 divided into 488,000,000 class A ordinary shares of par value of $0.0001 each, and 12,000,000 class B ordinary shares of par value of $0.0001 each. All of the Company’s issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares are fully paid and non-assessable. Our ordinary shares are issued in registered form, and are issued when registered in our register of members. The Company shall not issue shares or warrants to bearer. The Company’s shareholders who are non-residents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their ordinary shares.
Dividends. The holders of the Company’s Ordinary Shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by its the Company’s board of directors subject to the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association and the Companies Act. In addition, such to any rights and restrictions for the time being attached to any shares, the Company’s shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by its directors. The Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that dividends may be declared and paid out of any funds of the Company lawfully available for distribution. Subject to the requirements of the Companies Act and the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles regarding the application of a company’s share premium account, dividends may also be declared and paid out of any share premium account. The directors when paying dividends to shareholders may make such payment either in cash or in specie. Unless provided by the rights attached to a share, no dividend shall bear interest. No dividend may be declared and paid unless the Company’s directors determine that, immediately after the payment, the Company will be able to pay its debts as they become due in the ordinary course of business and the Company has funds lawfully available for such purpose.
Voting Rights. In respect of all matters subject to a shareholders’ vote, each Company Class A Ordinary Share entitles the holder thereof to one (1) vote and each Company Class B Ordinary Share entitles the holder thereof to twenty-five (25) votes. Subject to any rights or restrictions as to voting attached to any shares, unless otherwise required under the Companies Act or by the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, holders of the Company’s Class A Ordinary Share and the Company’s Class B Ordinary Share shall at all times vote together as one class on all resolutions submitted to a vote by the shareholders of the Company. On a show of hands every shareholder of the Company who is present in person and every person representing a shareholder of the Company by proxy shall have one (1) vote per Ordinary Share, an individual who represents two or more shareholders of the Company, including a shareholder of the Company in that individual’s own right, that individual shall be entitled to a separate vote for each shareholder of the Company. On a poll, every shareholder shall have one (1) vote for each Class A Ordinary Share and twenty-five (25) votes for each Class B Ordinary Share of which he or the person represented by proxy is the holder. In addition, unless the shares carry no right to vote, or unless a call or other amount presently payable has not been paid, all shareholders of the Company holding shares of a particular class are entitled to vote at a meeting of the holders of that class of shares. Votes may be given either in person or by proxy.
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General Meetings. As a Cayman Islands exempted company, the Company is not obligated by the Companies Act to call shareholders’ annual general meetings; accordingly, the Company may, but shall not be obliged to, in each year hold a general meeting as an annual general meeting. Any annual general meeting held shall be held at such time and place as may be determined by the board of directors of the Company. All general meetings other than annual general meetings shall be called extraordinary general meetings.
The chairperson or a majority of directors of the Company (acting by a resolution of the Company’s board of directors) may convene general meetings whenever they think fit. General meetings of the Company shall also be convened on the written requisition of one or more of the shareholders of the Company entitled to attend and vote at the general meetings of the Company who (together) hold at least ten percent of the rights to vote at such general meeting in accordance with the notice provisions in the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association, specifying the purpose of the meeting and signed by or on behalf of each of the shareholders of the Company making the requisition. If the directors of the Company do not convene such meeting within 21 calendar days’ from the date of deposit of the written requisition, those shareholders of the Company who requested the meeting or any of them representing more than one-half of the total voting rights of all of them, may convene the general meeting themselves within three calendar months after the end of such period of 21 calendar days in which case reasonable expenses incurred by them as a result of the directors of the Company failing to convene a meeting shall be reimbursed by us.
At least 7 calendar days’ notice of a general meeting shall be given to shareholders of the Company entitled to attend and vote at such meeting. The notice shall specify the place, the date and the hour of the meeting and the general nature of that business. In addition, if a resolution is proposed as a special resolution, the text of that resolution shall be given to all shareholders. Notice of every general meeting shall also be given to the directors of the Company.
Subject to the Companies Act and with the consent of the shareholders of the Company who, individually or collectively, hold at least 90 percent of the voting rights of all those who have a right to vote at a general meeting, a general meeting may be convened on shorter notice.
A quorum shall consist of the presence (whether in person or represented by proxy) of (a) if the Company has only one shareholder: that shareholder; (b) if the Company has more than one shareholder, then (i) subject to requirement (ii) set forth below, two or more shareholders holding Class B Ordinary Share carrying the right to vote at such general meeting; or (ii) for so long as the Company’s shares are listed on a designated stock exchange, one or more shareholders of the Company holding shares that represent not less than one-third of the outstanding shares of the Company carrying the right to vote at such general meeting.
If, within 15 minutes from the time appointed for the general meeting, or at any time during the meeting, a quorum is not present, the meeting, if convened upon the requisition of shareholders, shall be cancelled. In any other case it shall stand adjourned to the same time and place seven days hence or to such other time or place as is determined by the directors of the Company. If a quorum is not present within fifteen minutes of the time appointed for the adjourned meeting, then the shareholders of the Company present in person or by proxy shall constitute a quorum.
The chairman at such meeting of the Company may, with the consent of a meeting at which a quorum is present, adjourn the meeting. When a meeting is adjourned for seven calendar days or more, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given in accordance with the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association.
At any general meeting a resolution put to the vote of the meeting shall be decided on a show of hands, unless a poll is (before, or on, the declaration of the result of the show of hands) demanded by the chairman of the meeting or by at least two shareholders having the right to vote on the resolutions or one or more shareholders present who together hold not at least ten percent of the voting rights of all those who are entitled to vote on the resolution. Unless a poll is so demanded, a declaration by the chairman as to the result of a resolution and an entry to that effect in the minutes of the meeting, shall be conclusive evidence of the outcome of a show of hands, without proof of the number or proportion of the votes recorded in favor of, or against, that resolution.
If a poll is duly demanded it shall be taken in such manner as the chairman of the meeting directs and the result of the poll shall be deemed to be the resolution of the meeting at which the poll was demanded.
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In the case of an equality of votes, whether on a show of hands or on a poll, the chairman of the meeting at which the show of hands takes place or at which the poll is demanded, shall not be entitled to a second or casting vote.
Transfer of Ordinary Shares. Subject to the restrictions in the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association as set out below, any of Company’s shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or any other form approved by Company’s board of directors. The transferor shall be deemed to remain the holder of an Ordinary Share until the name of the transferee is entered into the register of members of the Company in respect of the relevant shares of the Company.
The Company’s board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any shares of the Company which is not fully paid up or on which the Company has a lien. The Company’s board of directors may also decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share unless:
| ● | the instrument of transfer is lodged with the Company, accompanied by the certificate for the shares of the Company to which it relates and such other evidence as Company’s board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer; | |
| ● | the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of shares of the Company; | |
| ● | the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required; | |
| ● | the Ordinary Share transferred is fully paid and free of any lien in favor of the Company; and | |
| ● | any fee related to the transfer has been paid to the Company; and | |
| ● | the transfer is not more than four joint holders. |
If the Company’s board of directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within three months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal.
The registration of transfers may, on 14 calendar days’ notice being given by advertisement in such one or more newspapers or by electronic means, be suspended and the Company’s register of members closed at such times and for such periods as the Company’s board of directors may, in their absolute discretion, from time to time determine. The registration of transfers, however, shall not be suspended, and the Company’s register of members may not be closed, for more than 30 calendar days in any year.
Liquidation. If the Company is wound up, the Company’s shareholders may, subject to the Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association and any other sanction required by the Companies Act, pass a special resolution allowing the liquidator to do either or both of the following:
| ● | to divide in specie among the shareholders of the Company the whole or any part of the Company’s assets and, for that purpose, to value any assets and to determine how the division shall be carried out as between the Company’s shareholders or different classes of the Company’s shareholders; and/or | |
| ● | to vest the whole or any part of the assets in trustees for the benefit of the Company’s shareholders and those liable to contribute to the winding up. |
Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Ordinary Shares. Subject to the Companies Act and any rights for the time being conferred on the Company’s shareholders holding a particular class of shares, the Company may by action of the Company’s directors:
| ● | issue shares that are to be redeemed or liable to be redeemed, at the Company’s option or the Company’s shareholder holding those redeemable shares, on the terms and in the manner the Company’s directors determine before the issue of those shares; |
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| ● | with the consent by special resolution of the Company’s shareholders holding shares of a particular class, vary the rights attaching to that class of shares so as to provide that those shares are to be redeemed or are liable to be redeemed at the Company’s option on the terms and in the manner which the Company’s directors determine at the time of such variation; and | |
| ● | purchase all or any of the Company’s own shares of any class including any redeemable shares on the terms and in the manner which the Company’s directors determine at the time of such purchase. |
The Company may make a payment in respect of the redemption or purchase of its own shares in any manner authorized by the Companies Act, including out of any combination of capital, the Company’s profits and the proceeds of a fresh issue of shares.
When making a payment in respect of the redemption or purchase of shares, the Company’s directors may make the payment in cash or in specie (or partly in one and partly in the other) if so authorized by the terms of the allotment of those shares or by the terms applying to those shares, or otherwise by agreement with the shareholder holding those shares.
Variations of Rights of Shares. Whenever the Company’s capital is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attaching to any class of share (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) may be varied either with the consent in writing of the holders of not less than two-thirds of the issued shares of that class, or with the sanction of a special resolution passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the holders of shares of the class voting in person or by proxy at a separate general meeting of the holders of shares of that class.
Unless the terms on which a class of shares was issued state otherwise, the rights conferred on the shareholder of the Company holding the Company’s shares of any class shall not be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with the existing shares of that class.
For the purposes of a separate class meeting, the directors may treat two or more or all the classes of Shares as forming one class of Shares if the directors consider that such classes of Shares would be affected in the same way by the proposals under consideration, but in any other case shall treat them as separate classes of Shares.
Inspection of Books and Records. Holders of the Company’s Ordinary Shares have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of the Company’s register of members or its corporate records (except for the memorandum and articles of association of our company, any special resolutions passed by our company and the register of mortgages and charges of our company). However, the Company will provide its shareholders with annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”
Issuance of Additional Shares. The Company’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association authorize its board of directors to issue additional ordinary shares from time to time as its board of directors shall determine, to the extent of available authorized but unissued shares.
Differences in Corporate Law
The Companies Act is modeled after that of English law but does not follow many recent English law statutory enactments. In addition, the Companies Act differs from laws applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the State of Delaware.
Mergers and Similar Arrangements.
The Companies Act permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (i) “merger” means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company, and (ii) a “consolidation” means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies to the consolidated company. In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (a) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and (b) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. The written plan of merger or consolidation must be filed with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands together with a declaration as to the solvency of the surviving or consolidated company, a declaration as to the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and that notification of the merger or consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Court approval is not required for a merger or consolidation that is effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.
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A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders of that Cayman subsidiary if a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of that Cayman subsidiary to be merged unless that member agrees otherwise. For this purpose a company is a “parent” of a subsidiary if it holds issued shares that together represent at least 90.0% of the votes at a general meeting of the subsidiary.
The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands.
Save in certain limited circumstances, a shareholder of a Cayman constituent company who dissents from the merger or consolidation is entitled to payment of the fair value of his shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) upon dissenting to the merger or consolidation; provided that the dissenting shareholder complies strictly with the procedures set out in the Companies Act. The exercise of dissenter rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which he or she might otherwise be entitled by virtue of holding shares, save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.
Separate from the statutory provisions relating to mergers and consolidations, the Companies Act also contains statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies by way of schemes of arrangement; provided that the arrangement is approved by (a) 75% in value of the shareholders or class of shareholders, or (b) a majority in number representing 75% in value of the creditors or class of creditors, as the case may be, that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:
| ● | the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met; | |
| ● | the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class; | |
| ● | the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and | |
| ● | the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act. |
The Companies Act also contains a statutory power of compulsory acquisition, which may facilitate the “squeeze out” of dissentient minority shareholders upon a tender offer. When a tender offer is made and accepted by holders of 90.0% of the shares affected within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares to the offeror on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer that has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion. If an arrangement and reconstruction is thus approved, the dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of certain Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares where the vote of shareholders is required to approve the transaction.
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Shareholders’ Suits. In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff to sue for a wrong done to us as a company, and as a general rule a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, the Cayman Islands court can be expected to apply and follow the common law principles (namely the rule in Foss v. Harbottle and the exceptions thereto, which limits the circumstances in which a shareholder may bring a derivative action on behalf of the company or a personal action to claim loss which is reflective of loss suffered by the company) which permit a minority shareholder to commence a class action against, or derivative actions in the name of, a company to challenge the following:
| ● | a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires; | |
| ● | the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority vote that has not been obtained; and | |
| ● | those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority”. |
A shareholder may have a direct right of action against us where the individual rights of that shareholder have been infringed or are about to be infringed.
Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability. Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our current Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that every director (including for the purposes of the Article any alternate director appointed pursuant to the provisions of the Articles), secretary, assistant secretary, or other officer for the time being and from time to time of the Company (but not including the Company’s auditors) and the personal representatives of the same (each an “Indemnified Person”) shall be indemnified and secured harmless against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, expenses, losses, damages or liabilities incurred or sustained by such Indemnified Person, other than by reason of such Indemnified Person’s own dishonesty, wilful default or fraud, in or about the conduct of the Company’s business or affairs (including as a result of any mistake of judgment) or in the execution or discharge of his duties, powers, authorities or discretions, including without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, any costs, expenses, losses or liabilities incurred by such Indemnified Person in defending (whether successfully or otherwise) any civil proceedings concerning the Company or its affairs in any court whether in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere. No Indemnified Person shall be liable for, among other things, for the acts, receipts, neglects, defaults or omissions of any other director or officer or agent of the Company, and for any loss occasioned by any negligence, default, breach of duty, breach of trust, error of judgement or oversight on such Indemnified Person’s part, unless the same shall happen through such Indemnified Person’s own dishonesty, wilful default or fraud.
This standard of conduct is similar to but little more lax than that permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation, which permits indemnification if the person to be indemnified acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Delaware corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, such person to be indemnified had no reasonable cause to believe such person’s conduct was unlawful. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our current memorandum and articles of association.
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Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Directors’ Fiduciary Duties. Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction and base such director’s decision on such information. In doing so, a Delaware director is entitled to rely in good faith on corporation’s records and on information, opinions, reports or statements presented to the board by the company’s officers, employees or board committees, or by other parties as to matters the director reasonably believes are within such other parties’ professional or expert competence and who have been selected for the company with reasonable care. Further, Delaware corporations may include in their certificates of incorporation an exculpation provision for the benefit of its directors. At its maximum strength, such an exculpatory provision eliminates the personal liability of a director to the corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for breaches of the duty of care (but not, among other things, breaches of the duty of loyalty). The duty of loyalty requires that a director acts independently and in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation (the “Business Judgement Rule”). However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. To rebut the presumption, a party attempting to so rebut has the burden of presenting evidence that directors were at least grossly negligent in not becoming adequately informed or were motivated by interests other than those of the company’s stockholders as a whole (or acted in bad faith by consciously disregarding a known duty). Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.
As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director owes three types of duties to the company: (i) statutory duties, (ii) fiduciary duties, and (iii) common law duties. The Cayman Companies Act imposes a number of statutory duties on a director. A Cayman Islands director’s fiduciary duties are not codified, however the courts of the Cayman Islands have held that a director owes the following fiduciary duties (a) a duty to act in what the director bona fide considers to be in the best interests of the company, (b) a duty to exercise their powers for the purposes they were conferred, (c) a duty to avoid fettering his or her discretion in the future and (d) a duty to avoid conflicts of interest and of duty. The common law duties owed by a director are those to act with skill, care and diligence that may reasonably be expected of a person carrying out the same functions as are carried out by that director in relation to the company and, also, to act with the skill, care and diligence in keeping with a standard of care commensurate with any particular skill they have which enables them to meet a higher standard than a director without those skills. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our amended articles of association, as amended and restated from time to time. We have the right to seek damages where certain duties owed by any of our directors are breached.
Shareholder Action by Written Consent. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands law and our Memorandum and Articles of Association provide that shareholders may approve corporate matters by way of a unanimous written resolution signed by or on behalf of each shareholder who would have been entitled to vote on such matter at a general meeting without a meeting being held.
Shareholder Proposals. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, the by-laws may afford shareholders the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.
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Cayman Islands law does not provide shareholders any right to put proposals before a meeting or requisition a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in the memorandum and articles of association. Pursuant to our current Memorandum and Articles of Association, a shareholders’ requisition is a requisition of shareholders of the Company holding at the date of deposit of the requisition not less than ten percent of the rights to vote at such general meeting of the Company. As a Cayman Islands exempted company, we are not obliged by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings.
Cumulative Voting. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. There are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under the laws of the Cayman Islands but our current Memorandum and Articles of Association do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any fewer protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.
Removal of Directors. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at an election of directors, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our current Memorandum and Articles of Association, directors may be removed by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. A director will also cease to be a director if he (i) becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors; (ii) dies or is found to be or becomes of unsound mind; (iii) resigns his office by notice in writing; (iv) without special leave of absence from our board, is absent from meetings of our board for three consecutive meetings and the board resolves that his office be vacated; or (v) is removed from office pursuant to any other provision of our articles of association.
Transactions with Interested Shareholders. The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting share within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.
Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.
Dissolution; Winding up. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a super majority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so. Under the Companies Act (as revised) and our current Memorandum and Articles of Association, our company may be dissolved, liquidated or wound up by a special resolution of our shareholders.
Variation of Rights of Shares. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class. Under Cayman Islands law and our current Memorandum and Articles of Association, if at any time the share capital of the Company is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to any class (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) may only be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of two-thirds of the issued shares of that class, or with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.
Amendment of Governing Documents. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides for a greater required number of shares for approval. As permitted by Cayman Islands law, our current Memorandum and Articles of Association may only be amended with a special resolution of our shareholders.
Rights of Non-resident or Foreign Shareholders. There are no limitations imposed by our current Memorandum and Articles of Association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our current Memorandum and Articles of Association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.
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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES WE ARE OFFERING
General
We are offering on a best efforts basis up to 6,802,721 Units, each consisting of one Class A Ordinary Share or one Pre-Funded Warrant to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share, and one Common Warrant to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share, at an assumed offering price of US$1.47 per Unit. The Units have no stand-alone rights and will not be certified or issued as stand-alone securities. Each Common Warrant is exercisable immediately on the date of issuance at an exercise price of US$1.47 per share (equal to 100% of the public offering price of each Unit sold in this offering), and will expire five years from the date of issuance.
We are also offering to each purchaser of Units that would otherwise result in the purchaser’s beneficial ownership exceeding 4.99% of our outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares immediately following the consummation of this offering the opportunity to purchase Units consisting of one Pre-Funded Warrant (in lieu of one Class A Ordinary Share) and one Common Warrant. A holder of Pre-Funded Warrants will not have the right to exercise any portion of its Pre-Funded Warrants if the holder, together with its affiliates, would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, at the election of the holder, such limit may be increased to up to 9.99%) of the number of Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. Each Pre-Funded Warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share. The purchase price of each Unit including a Pre-Funded Warrant will be equal to the price per Unit including one Class A Ordinary Share, minus $0.0001, and the remaining exercise price of each Pre-Funded Warrant will be $0.0001 per Class A Ordinary Share. The Pre-Funded Warrants will be immediately exercisable (subject to the beneficial ownership cap) and may be exercised at any time until all of the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercised in full. For each Unit including a Pre-Funded Warrant we sell (without regard to the limitation on exercise set forth therein), the number of Units including a Class A Ordinary Share we are offering will be decreased on a one-for-one basis. Because one Common Warrant is being sold together in this offering with each Class A Ordinary Share or, in the alternative, each Pre-Funded Warrant to purchase one Class A Ordinary Share, the number of Common Warrants sold in this offering will not change as a result of a change in the mix of the Class A Ordinary Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants sold.
The Class A Ordinary Shares and the accompanying Common Warrants, or the Pre-Funded Warrants and the accompanying Common Warrants, can only be purchased together in this offering but will be issued separately and will be immediately separable upon issuance. We are also registering our Class A Ordinary Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants included in the Units offered hereby, the Placement Agent Warrants as well as the Class A Ordinary Shares issuable from time to time upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants included in the Units offered hereby and the Placement Agent Warrants.
Class A Ordinary Shares
The material terms and provisions of our Class A Ordinary Shares are described under the section titled “Description of Share Capital” in this prospectus.
Common Warrants
The following summary of certain terms and provisions of the Common Warrants offered together with the Class A Ordinary Shares hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the provisions of the securities purchase agreement between us and the investors. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions set forth therein, including the annexes thereto, and form of Common Warrant.
Exercisability. The Common Warrants are immediately exercisable at any time after their original issuance and at any time up to the date that is five years after their original issuance. Each of the Common Warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice and, at any time a registration statement registering the issuance of our Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Common Warrants under the Securities Act is effective and available for the issuance of such shares, or an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is available for the issuance of such shares, by payment in full in immediately available funds for the number of Class A Ordinary Shares purchased upon such exercise. If a registration statement registering the issuance of the Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Common Warrants under the Securities Act is not effective or available, the holder may, in its sole discretion, elect to exercise the Common Warrant through a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of Class A Ordinary Shares determined according to the formula set forth in the Common Warrant. No fractional Class A Ordinary Shares will be issued in connection with the exercise of a Common Warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price.
Exercise Limitation. A holder will not have the right to exercise any portion of the Common Warrants if the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, upon election by a holder prior to the issuance of any Common Warrant, 9.99%) of the number of our Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Common Warrant. However, any holder may increase or decrease such percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99%, upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to us with respect to any increase in such percentage.
Exercise Price. The exercise price per whole share of Class A Ordinary Shares purchasable upon exercise of the Common Warrants is equal to 100% public offering price per share. The exercise price of Common Warrants may also be reduced to any amount and for any period of time at the sole discretion of our board of directors. The exercise price and number of Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise will adjust in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our Class A Ordinary Shares.
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Anti-Dilution Adjustments to Exercise Price If we issue or sell (or are deemed to have issued or sold) any Class A Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents (as defined in the Common Warrant), but excluding shares or securities deemed to have been issued or sold by us in an Exempt Issuance (as defined in the Common Warrant), for a consideration per share (the “New Issuance Price”) less than a price equal to the exercise price in effect immediately prior to such issuance or sale or deemed issuance or sale (each of the foregoing, a “Dilutive Issuance”), then simultaneously with the consummation (or, if earlier, the announcement) of such Dilutive Issuance, the Exercise Price then in effect shall be reduced to an amount equal to the New Issuance Price, and the number of warrant shares issuable upon exercise shall be increased such that the aggregate Exercise Price payable shall remain equal to the aggregate exercise price on the Initial Exercise Date.
For purposes of determining the New Issuance Price where Class A Ordinary Shares, options or Ordinary Share Equivalents are issued together with other securities as part of an integrated transaction, the aggregate consideration per share shall be deemed to be the lowest of (i) the purchase price of such integrated unit, (ii) the lowest price per share for which one Class A Ordinary Share is at any time issuable upon the exercise or conversion of the relevant security, and (iii) the lowest VWAP of the Ordinary Shares on any Trading Day during the five consecutive Trading Day period immediately following the public announcement of such Dilutive Issuance.
If we enter into a Variable Rate Transaction, we shall be deemed to have issued Class A Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents (as defined in the Common Warrant) at the lowest possible price, conversion price or exercise price at which such securities may be issued, converted or exercised.
Transferability. Subject to applicable laws, the Common Warrants may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned without our consent.
Exchange Listing. We do not intend to apply for the listing of the Common Warrants offered in this offering on any stock exchange. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Common Warrants will be limited.
Rights as a Shareholder. Except as otherwise provided in the Common Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of our Class A Ordinary Shares, the holder of a Common Warrant does not have the rights or privileges of a holder of our Class A Ordinary Shares, including any voting rights, until the holder has duly exercised the Common Warrant and his name has been duly registered in the register of members of the Company as the holder of the relevant Class A Ordinary Shares.
Fundamental Transactions. In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the Common Warrants generally including, with certain exceptions, any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our ordinary shares, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares, or any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding shares of Class A Ordinary Shares, the holders of the Common Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the Common Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the Common Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. Additionally, as more fully described in the Common Warrant, in the event of certain fundamental transactions, the holders of the Common Warrants will be entitled to receive consideration in an amount equal to the Black Scholes value of the Common Warrants on the date of consummation of such transaction.
Governing Law. The Common Warrants and the securities purchase agreement are governed by New York law.
Pre-Funded Warrants
The following summary of certain terms and provisions of the Pre-Funded Warrants offered together with the Class A Ordinary Shares hereby is not complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the provisions of the securities purchase agreement between us and the investors. Prospective investors should carefully review the terms and provisions set forth therein, including the annexes thereto, and form of Pre-Funded Warrant.
Exercisability. The Pre-Funded Warrants are exercisable at any time after their original issuance. Each of the Pre-Funded Warrants will be exercisable, at the option of each holder, in whole or in part by delivering to us a duly executed exercise notice and, at any time a registration statement registering the issuance of our Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants under the Securities Act is effective and available for the issuance of such shares, or an exemption from registration under the Securities Act is available for the issuance of such shares, by payment in full in immediately available funds for the number of Class A Ordinary Shares purchased upon such exercise. If a registration statement registering the issuance of the Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants under the Securities Act is not effective or available, the holder may, in its sole discretion, elect to exercise the Pre-Funded Warrant through a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of Class A Ordinary Shares determined according to the formula set forth in the Pre-Funded Warrant. No fractional Class A Ordinary Shares will be issued in connection with the exercise of a Pre-Funded Warrant. In lieu of fractional shares, we will pay the holder an amount in cash equal to the fractional amount multiplied by the exercise price.
Exercise Limitation. A holder will not have the right to exercise any portion of the Pre-Funded Warrants if the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% (or, upon election by a holder prior to the issuance of any Pre-Funded Warrant, 9.99%) of the number of our Class A Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the exercise, as such percentage ownership is determined in accordance with the terms of the Pre-Funded Warrant. However, any holder may increase or decrease such percentage to any other percentage not in excess of 9.99%, upon at least 61 days’ prior notice from the holder to us with respect to any increase in such percentage.
Exercise Price. The exercise price of the Pre-Funded Warrants is $0.0001 per Class A Ordinary Share. The exercise price and number of Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise will adjust in the event of certain stock dividends and distributions, stock splits, stock combinations, reclassifications or similar events affecting our Class A Ordinary Shares.
Transferability. Subject to applicable laws, a Pre-Funded Warrant may be offered for sale, sold, transferred or assigned without our consent.
Exchange Listing. We do not intend to apply for the listing of the Pre-Funded Warrants offered in this offering on any stock exchange. Without an active trading market, the liquidity of the Pre-Funded Warrants will be limited.
Rights as a Shareholder. Except as otherwise provided in the Pre-Funded Warrants or by virtue of such holder’s ownership of our Class A Ordinary Shares, the holder of a Pre-Funded Warrant does not have the rights or privileges of a holder of our Class A Ordinary Shares, including any voting rights, until the holder has duly exercised the Pre-Funded Warrant and his name has been duly registered in the register of members of the Company as the holder of the relevant Class A Ordinary Shares.
Fundamental Transactions. In the event of a fundamental transaction, as described in the Pre-Funded Warrants generally including, with certain exceptions, any reorganization, recapitalization or reclassification of our ordinary shares, the sale, transfer or other disposition of all or substantially all of our properties or assets, our consolidation or merger with or into another person, the acquisition of more than 50% of our outstanding Class A Ordinary Shares, or any person or group becoming the beneficial owner of 50% of the voting power represented by our outstanding shares of Class A Ordinary Shares, the holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the Pre-Funded Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction.
Governing Law. The Pre-Funded Warrants and the securities purchase agreement are governed by New York law.
Placement Agent Warrants
We have also agreed to issue to the placement agent or its designees at the closing of this offering, as compensation in connection with this offering, the Placement Agent Warrants to purchase a number of Class A Ordinary Shares equal to three percent (3.0%) of the total number of Class A Ordinary Shares sold in this offering, at an exercise price equal to 100% of the initial exercise price and on the same terms as the Common Warrants issued in this offering. The Placement Agent Warrants will be exercisable commencing six (6) months after the date of effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and will remain exercisable until the three (3) year anniversary of such date. The Placement Agent Warrants and the underlying Class A Ordinary Shares are being registered pursuant to this prospectus.
The Placement Agent Warrants and the underlying shares are deemed to be compensation by FINRA, and therefore may be subject to a lock-up pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1). However, as we believe the Company qualifies for the exemption set forth in FINRA Rule 5110(e)(2)(A)(iii), which provides that the lock-up restrictions under FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1) do not apply to securities of an issuer eligible to use Form F-3, we believe the Placement Agent Warrants are not subject to the lock-up restrictions under FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1).
We have agreed to a maximum of two demand registrations of the Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Placement Agent Warrants at the warrant holders’ expense for a period of five (5) years from the closing date of this offering. The Placement Agent Warrants also provide for unlimited “piggyback” registration rights at our expense with respect to such underlying Class A Ordinary Shares for a period of two (2) years commencing from the closing date of this offering.
Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Placement Agent Warrants shall have substantially the same terms and provisions as the Common Warrants.
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TAXATION
The following are material Cayman Islands tax, Hong Kong tax and U.S. federal income tax considerations relevant to an investment in our Class A Ordinary Shares. This discussion does not address all of the tax consequences that may be relevant in light of the investor’s particular circumstances. Potential investors should consult their tax advisers regarding Hong Kong, U.S. federal, state and local, and non-U.S. tax consequences of owning and disposing of our Class A Ordinary Shares in their particular circumstances.
Cayman Islands Taxation
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or, after execution, brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is a party to a double tax treaty entered with the United Kingdom in 2010 but is otherwise not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by our company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
Payments of dividends and capital in respect of our Ordinary Shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of our Ordinary Shares, nor will gains derived from the disposal of our Ordinary Shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.
The Cayman Islands enacted the International Tax Co-operation (Economic Substance) Act (2021 Revision) together with the Guidance Notes published by the Cayman Islands Tax Information Authority from time to time. The Company is required to comply with the economic substance requirements from July 1, 2019 and make an annual report in the Cayman Islands as to whether or not it is carrying on any relevant activities and if it is, it must satisfy an economic substance test.
Hong Kong Taxation
The following summary of certain relevant taxation provisions under the laws of Hong Kong is based on current law and practice and is subject to changes therein. This summary does not purport to address all possible tax consequences relating to purchasing, holding or selling our Ordinary Shares, and does not take into account the specific circumstances of any particular investors, some of whom may be subject to special rules. Accordingly, holders or prospective purchasers (particularly those subject to special tax rules, such as banks, dealers, insurance companies and tax-exempt entities) should consult their own tax advisers regarding the tax consequences of purchasing, holding or selling our Ordinary Shares. As advised by Loeb & Loeb LLP, our counsel with respect to Hong Kong law, under the current laws of Hong Kong:
| ● | No profit tax is imposed in Hong Kong in respect of capital gains from the sale of the Ordinary Shares. | |
| ● | Revenues gains from the sale of our Ordinary Shares by persons carrying on a trade, profession or business in Hong Kong where the gains are derived from or arise in Hong Kong from the trade, profession or business will be subject to Hong Kong profits tax, which is currently imposed at the rate of 16.5% and 15% on corporations and unincorporated businesses, respectively, and at a maximum rate of 15% on individuals. A two-tiered profits tax rates regime applies: 8.25% for corporation and 7.5% for unincorporated businesses and individuals on the first HK$2 million of assessable profit, and 16.5% for corporation and 15% for unincorporated businesses and individuals on the remainder of assessable profits. | |
| ● | Gains arising from the sale of Ordinary Shares, where the purchases and sales of the Ordinary Shares are effected outside of Hong Kong, such as in the Cayman Islands, are not subject to Hong Kong profits tax. |
According to the current tax practice of the Hong Kong Inland Revenue Department, dividends paid on the Ordinary Shares are not subject to any Hong Kong tax.
No Hong Kong stamp duty is payable on the purchase and sale of the Ordinary Shares.
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United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following is a discussion of United States federal income tax considerations relating to the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of our Units (each consisting of one Class A Ordinary Share or one Pre-Funded Warrant and one Common Warrant) and the Placement Agent Warrants that are purchased in this offering, which we refer to collectively as our securities, by U.S. Holders (as defined below).
Because the components of a Unit are generally separable at the option of the holder, the holder of a unit generally should be treated, for United States federal income tax purposes, as the owner of the underlying Class A Ordinary Share or Pre-Funded Warrant and Common Warrant components of the Unit. As a result, the discussion below with respect to holders of Class A Ordinary Shares or Pre-Funded Warrant and Common Warrants should also apply to holders of Units (as the deemed owners of the underlying Class A Ordinary Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants that constitute the Units).
This discussion is limited to certain United States federal income tax considerations to beneficial owners of our securities who are initial purchasers of a Unit pursuant to this offering and hold the Unit and each component of the Unit as a capital asset under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This discussion assumes that the Class A Ordinary Shares and Common Warrants will trade separately and that any distributions made (or deemed made) by us on our Class A Ordinary Shares and any consideration received (or deemed received) by a holder in consideration for the sale or other disposition of our securities will be in U.S. dollars. This discussion is a summary only and does not address all aspects of United States federal income taxation that may be relevant to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of a unit by a prospective investor in light of its particular circumstances, including:
| ● | our founders, the sponsor, officers or directors; | |
| ● | financial institutions or financial services entities; | |
| ● | broker-dealers; | |
| ● | taxpayers that are subject to the mark-to-market tax accounting rules; | |
| ● | S Corporations; | |
| ● | tax-exempt entities; | |
| ● | individual retirement accounts or other tax deferred accounts; | |
| ● | governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof; | |
| ● | insurance companies; | |
| ● | regulated investment companies; | |
| ● | real estate investment trusts; | |
| ● | expatriates or former long-term residents of the United States; | |
| ● | persons that actually or constructively own five percent or more of our voting shares or five percent or more of the total value of our shares; |
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| ● | persons that acquired our securities pursuant to an exercise of employee share options, in connection with employee share incentive plans or otherwise as compensation or in connection with services; | |
| ● | persons that hold our securities as part of a straddle, constructive sale, hedging, conversion or other integrated or similar transaction; | |
| ● | persons required to accelerate the recognition of any item of gross income with respect to Class A Ordinary Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants as a result of such income being recognized on an applicable financial statement; | |
| ● | U.S. Holders whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar; | |
| ● | controlled foreign corporations; or | |
| ● | passive foreign investment companies. |
Moreover, the discussion below is based upon the provisions of the Code, the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof, all as of the date hereof, and such provisions may be repealed, revoked, modified or subject to differing interpretations, possibly on a retroactive basis, so as to result in United States federal income tax consequences different from those discussed below. Furthermore, this discussion does not address any aspect of United States federal non-income tax laws, such as alternative minimum gift, estate or Medicare contribution tax laws, or state, local or non-U.S. tax laws.
We have not sought, and will not seek, a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) as to any United States federal income tax consequence described herein. The IRS may disagree with the discussion herein, and its determination may be upheld by a court. Moreover, there can be no assurance that future legislation, regulations, administrative rulings or court decisions will not change the accuracy of the statements in this discussion.
As used herein, the term “U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of units, Class A Ordinary Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants who or that is, for United States federal income tax purposes:
| ● | an individual citizen or resident of the United States; | |
| ● | a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes) that is created or organized (or treated as created or organized) in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof or the District of Columbia; | |
| ● | an estate the income of which is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source; or | |
| ● | a trust if (A) a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (B) it has in effect a valid election to be treated as a U.S. person. |
This discussion does not consider the tax treatment of entities or arrangements classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes or persons who hold our securities through such entities or arrangements. If a partnership (or other entity or arrangement classified as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes) is the beneficial owner of our securities, the United States federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner, the activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at the partner level. Partnerships holding our securities and partners in such partnerships are urged to consult their own tax advisors.
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THIS DISCUSSION IS ONLY A SUMMARY OF CERTAIN UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR SECURITIES. THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX TREATMENT OF THE PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IN OUR SECURITIES MAY BE AFFECTED BY MATTERS NOT DISCUSSED HEREIN AND DEPENDS IN SOME INSTANCES ON DETERMINATION OF FACT AND INTERPRETATIONS OF COMPLEX PROVISIONS OF UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAW FOR WHICH NO CLEAR PRECEDENT OR AUTHORITY MAY BE AVAILABLE. EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IN OUR SECURITIES IS URGED TO CONSULT ITS OWN TAX ADVISOR WITH RESPECT TO THE PARTICULAR TAX CONSEQUENCES TO SUCH INVESTOR OF THE ACQUISITION, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF OUR SECURITIES, INCLUDING THE APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF ANY UNITED STATES FEDERAL NON-INCOME, STATE AND LOCAL AND NON-U.S. TAX LAWS AS WELL AS UNDER ANY APPLICABLE TAX TREATY.
Allocation of Purchase Price and Characterization of a Unit
No statutory, administrative or judicial authority directly addresses the treatment for United States federal income tax purposes of a unit or an instrument similar to a unit, and therefore, the treatment of the Units is not entirely clear. The acquisition of a Unit should be treated for United States federal income tax purposes as the acquisition of one Class A Ordinary Share or one Pre-Funded Warrant and one Common Warrant. We intend to treat the acquisition of a Unit in this manner and, by purchasing a Unit, you must adopt such treatment for United States federal income tax purposes. For United States federal income and other applicable tax purposes, each holder of a Unit must allocate the purchase price paid by such holder for such Unit between the one Class A Ordinary Share or one Pre-Funded Warrant and one Common Warrant based on the relative fair market value of each at the time of issuance. Under United States federal income tax law, each investor must make its own determination of such value based on all the facts and circumstances. Therefore, we strongly urge each investor to consult its tax advisor regarding the determination of value for these purposes. The amount of the price allocated to each Class A Ordinary Share or Pre-Funded Warrant and Common Warrant should be the shareholder’s tax basis in such share and in such warrant, respectively. Any disposition of a Unit should be treated for United States federal income tax purposes as a disposition of the Class A Ordinary Share or the Pre-Funded Warrant and the Common Warrant comprising the unit, and the amount realized on the disposition should be allocated between the Class A Ordinary Share or Pre-Funded Warrant and the Common Warrant based on their relative fair market values at the time of disposition (as determined by each such holder based on all the facts and circumstances).
The foregoing treatment of the units, Class A Ordinary Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants and a holder’s purchase price allocation are not binding on the IRS or the courts. Because there are no authorities that directly address instruments that are similar to the units, no assurance can be given that the IRS or the courts will agree with the characterization described above or the discussion below. If the IRS or a court were to determine that, contrary to the characterization described above, a Unit is a single instrument for United States federal income tax purposes, the tax consequences to an investor could be materially different than those described below. Accordingly, each prospective investor is urged to consult its tax advisors regarding the tax consequences of an investment in a Unit (including alternative characterizations of a Unit). The balance of this discussion assumes that the characterization of the Unit (and the components thereof) and any allocation of purchase price of a Unit as described above is respected for United States federal income tax purposes.
Tax Treatment of the Pre-Funded Warrants
We believe that our Pre-Funded Warrants should be treated as our Class A Ordinary Shares for U.S. federal income tax purposes, rather than warrants. Assuming this position is upheld, no gain or loss should be recognized upon the exercise of a Pre-Funded Warrant and, upon exercise, the holding period of a Pre-Funded Warrant should carry over to the Class A Ordinary Share received. Similarly, the tax basis of a Pre-Funded Warrant should carry over to the Class A Ordinary Share received upon exercise, increased by the exercise price of $0.0001 per share. However, our position is not binding on the IRS and the IRS may treat the Pre-Funded Warrants as warrants to acquire our Class A Ordinary Shares. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal tax consequences of an investment in the Pre-Funded Warrants. The following discussion assumes our Pre-Funded Warrants are properly treated as our Class A Ordinary Shares.
Taxation of Distributions
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. Holder generally will be required to include in gross income, in accordance with such U.S. Holder’s method of accounting for United States federal income tax purposes, as dividends the amount of any distribution of cash or other property paid on our Class A Ordinary Shares to the extent the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under United States federal income tax principles). Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, distributions in excess of such earnings and profits generally will be applied against and reduce the U.S. Holder’s basis in its Class A Ordinary Shares (but not below zero) and, to the extent in excess of such basis, will be treated as gain from the sale or exchange of such Class A Ordinary Shares. In the event that we do not maintain calculations of our earnings and profits under United States federal income tax principles, a U.S. Holder should expect that all distributions will be reported as dividends for United States federal income tax purposes.
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Dividends paid by us out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits as described above generally will be taxable to a corporate U.S. Holder at regular rates and will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction generally allowed to domestic corporations in respect of dividends received from other domestic corporations. With respect to non-corporate U.S. Holders, under tax laws currently in effect and subject to certain exceptions (including, but not limited to, dividends treated as investment income for purposes of investment interest deduction limitations), dividends generally will be treated as “qualified dividend income” and taxed at the lower applicable long-term capital gains rate (see “— Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Ordinary Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants” below) only if our Class A Ordinary Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, the Company is not treated as a PFIC at the time the dividend was paid or in the preceding year and certain other requirements are met (including with respect to holding period). It is unclear, however, whether certain redemption rights described in this prospectus may suspend the running of the applicable holding period for this purpose. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the availability of such lower rate for any dividends paid with respect to our Class A Ordinary Shares.
Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, the gross amount of distributions made by
Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Ordinary Shares or Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss on the sale or other taxable disposition of our Class A Ordinary Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants (including on our dissolution and liquidation if we do not consummate an initial business combination within the required time period). Any such capital gain or loss generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Holder’s holding period for such Class A Ordinary Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants exceeds one year. It is unclear, however, whether certain redemption rights described in this prospectus may suspend the running of the applicable holding period for this purpose. If the running of the holding period is suspended, then non-corporate U.S. Holders may not be able to satisfy the one-year holding period requirement for long-term capital gain treatment, in which case any gain on a sale or taxable disposition of our Class A Ordinary Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants would be subject to short-term capital gain treatment and would be taxed at ordinary income rates.
The amount of gain or loss recognized on a sale or other taxable disposition generally will be equal to the difference between (i) the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received in such disposition (or, if the Class A Ordinary Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants are held as part of units at the time of the disposition, the portion of the amount realized on such disposition that is allocated to the Class A Ordinary Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants based upon the then fair market values of the Class A Ordinary Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants included in the units) and (ii) the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its Class A Ordinary Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants so disposed of. A U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its Class A Ordinary Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants generally will equal the U.S. Holder’s acquisition cost (that is, the portion of the purchase price of a unit allocated to an Class A Ordinary Share or Common Warrant , as described above under “— Allocation of Purchase Price and Characterization of a Unit”) reduced, in the case of a Class A Ordinary Share by any prior distributions treated as a return of capital. Long-term capital gain realized by a non-corporate U.S. Holder is currently eligible to be taxed at reduced rates. The deduction of capital losses is subject to certain limitations. U.S. Holders who recognize losses with respect to a disposition of our securities should consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax treatment of such losses.
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Redemption of Class A Ordinary Shares
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, in the event that a U.S. Holder’s Class A Ordinary Shares are redeemed or if we purchase a U.S. Holder’s Class A Ordinary Shares in an open market transaction, the treatment of the transaction for United States federal income tax purposes will depend on whether the redemption or purchase by us qualifies as a sale or exchange of the Class A Ordinary Shares under Section 302 of the Code. If the redemption or purchase by us qualifies as a sale or exchange of Class A Ordinary Shares, the U.S. Holder will be treated as described under “— Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Ordinary Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants” above. If the redemption or purchase by us does not qualify as a sale of Class A Ordinary Shares, the U.S. Holder will be treated as receiving a corporate distribution with the tax consequences described above under “— Taxation of Distributions.” Whether a redemption or purchase by us qualifies for treatment as a sale or exchange will depend largely on the total number of our shares treated as held by the U.S. Holder (including any Class A Ordinary Shares constructively owned by the U.S. Holder described in the following paragraph) relative to all of our shares issued and outstanding both before and after such redemption or purchase. The redemption or purchase by us of Class A Ordinary Shares generally will be treated as a sale or exchange of the Class A Ordinary Shares (rather than as a corporate distribution) if such redemption or purchase by us (i) is “substantially disproportionate” with respect to the U.S. Holder, (ii) results in a “complete termination” of the U.S. Holder’s interest in us or (iii) is “not essentially equivalent to a dividend” with respect to the U.S. Holder. These tests are explained more fully below.
In determining whether any of the foregoing tests are satisfied, a U.S. Holder takes into account not only our shares actually owned by the U.S. Holder, but also our shares that are constructively owned by such holder. A U.S. Holder may constructively own, in addition to shares owned directly, shares owned by certain related individuals and entities in which the U.S. Holder has an interest or that have an interest in such U.S. Holder, as well as any shares the U.S. Holder has a right to acquire by exercise of an option, which would generally include Class A Ordinary Shares which could be acquired pursuant to the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants. In order to meet the substantially disproportionate test, the percentage of our issued and outstanding voting shares actually and constructively owned by the U.S. Holder immediately following the redemption or purchase by us of Class A Ordinary Shares must, among other requirements, be less than 80 percent of the percentage of our issued and outstanding voting shares actually and constructively owned by the U.S. Holder immediately before the redemption or purchase by us. Prior to our initial business combination, the Class A Ordinary Shares may not be treated as voting shares for this purpose and, consequently, this substantially disproportionate test may not be applicable. There will be a complete termination of a U.S. Holder’s interest if either (i) all of our shares actually and constructively owned by the U.S. Holder are redeemed or (ii) all of our shares actually owned by the U.S. Holder are redeemed and the U.S. Holder is eligible to waive, and effectively waives in accordance with specific rules, the attribution of shares owned by certain family members and the U.S. Holder does not constructively own any other of our shares and otherwise complies with specific conditions. Whether the redemption or purchase by us of the Class A Ordinary Shares will not be essentially equivalent to a dividend if such redemption or purchase by us results in a “meaningful reduction” of the U.S. Holder’s proportionate interest in us. Whether the redemption or purchase by us will result in a meaningful reduction in a U.S. Holder’s proportionate interest in us generally will depend on the particular facts and circumstances applicable to such holder. However, the IRS has indicated in a published ruling that even a small reduction in the proportionate interest of a small minority shareholder in a publicly held corporation who exercises no control over corporate affairs may constitute such a “meaningful reduction.” A U.S. Holder should consult its own tax advisors as to the tax consequences of a redemption or purchase by us of any Class A Ordinary Shares.
If none of the foregoing tests are satisfied, then the redemption or purchase by us of any Class A Ordinary Shares will be treated as a corporate distribution and the tax effects will be as described under “— Taxation of Distributions” above. After the application of those rules, any remaining tax basis of the U.S. Holder in the redeemed Class A Ordinary Shares will be added to the U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its remaining shares. If there are no remaining shares, a U.S. Holder is urged to consult its tax advisor as to the allocation of any remaining tax basis. U.S. Holders who actually or constructively own five percent (5%) (or, if the Class A Ordinary Shares are not then publicly traded, one percent (1%)) or more of the Class A Ordinary Shares (by vote or value) may be subject to special reporting requirements with respect to a redemption of Class A Ordinary Shares, and such holders are urged to consult with their own tax advisers with respect to their reporting requirements.
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Exercise, Lapse or Redemption of a Pre-Funded Warrant or a Common Warrant
Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below and except as discussed below with respect to the cashless exercise of a Pre-Funded Warrant or a Common Warrant, a U.S. Holder generally will not recognize gain or loss upon the acquisition of a Class A Ordinary Share on the exercise of a Pre-Funded Warrant or a Common Warrant for cash. A U.S. Holder’s initial tax basis in a Class A Ordinary Share received upon exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrant or the Common Warrant generally will equal the sum of the U.S. Holder’s initial investment in the Pre-Funded Warrant or the Common Warrant (that is, the portion of the U.S. Holder’s purchase price for the units that is allocated to the Pre-Funded Warrant or the Common Warrant, as described above under “ —Allocation of Purchase Price and Characterization of a Unit”) and the exercise price. It is unclear whether a U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Class A Ordinary Share will commence on the date of exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrant or the Common Warrant or the day following the date of exercise of the Common Warrant; in either case, the holding period of such Class A Ordinary Share will not include the period during which the U.S. Holder held the Common Warrant. If a Common Warrant is allowed to lapse unexercised, a U.S. Holder generally will recognize a capital loss equal to such holder’s tax basis in the Common Warrant.
The tax consequences of a cashless exercise of a warrant are not clear under current law. Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, a cashless exercise may not be taxable, either because the exercise is not a realization event or because the exercise is treated as a “recapitalization” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In either situation, a U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Class A Ordinary Shares received generally would equal the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants. If the cashless exercise were not a realization event, it is unclear whether a U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Class A Ordinary Share would commence on the date of exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrant or the Common Warrant or the day following the date of exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrant or Common Warrant. If the cashless exercise were treated as a recapitalization, the holding period of the Class A Ordinary Shares would include the holding period of the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants.
It is also possible that a cashless exercise may be treated in part as a taxable exchange in which gain or loss would be recognized. In such case, a U.S. Holder may be deemed to have surrendered a number of the Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants having an aggregate value equal to the exercise price for the total number of the Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants to be deemed exercised. Subject to the PFIC rules discussed below, the U.S. Holder would recognize capital gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the exercise price for the total number of the Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants deemed exercised and the U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants deemed surrendered. In this case, a U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the Class A Ordinary Shares received would equal the sum of the U.S. Holder’s initial investment in the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants deemed exercised (i.e., the portion of the U.S. Holder’s purchase price for the units that is allocated to the Common Warrant, as described above under “ —Allocation of Purchase Price and Characterization of a Unit”) and the exercise price of such Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants. It is unclear whether a U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Class A Ordinary Share would commence on the date of exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrant or the day following the date of exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrant; in either case, the holding period will not include the period during which the U.S. Holder held the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants.
Due to the absence of authority on the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a cashless exercise, there can be no assurance which, if any, of the alternative tax consequences and holding periods described above would be adopted by the IRS or a court of law. Accordingly, a U.S. Holder should consult its tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of a cashless exercise.
Subject to the PFIC rules described below, if we redeem the Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants for cash or if we purchase the Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants in an open market transaction, such redemption or purchase generally will be treated as a taxable disposition to the U.S. Holder, taxed as described above under “ —Gain or Loss on Sale, Taxable Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Class A Ordinary Shares and Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants.”
Possible Constructive Distributions
The terms of each Pre-Funded Warrant or Common Warrant provide for an adjustment to the number of Class A Ordinary Shares for which the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrant may be exercised or to the exercise price of the Common Warrant in certain events. An adjustment which has the effect of preventing dilution generally is not taxable. The U.S. Holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants would, however, be treated as receiving a constructive distribution from us if, for example, the adjustment increases such U.S. Holders’ proportionate interest in our assets or earnings and profits (e.g., through an increase in the number of Class A Ordinary Shares that would be obtained upon exercise or through a decrease to the exercise price), including, as a result of a distribution of cash or other property to the holders of our Class A Ordinary Shares which is taxable to the U.S. Holders of such Class A Ordinary Shares as described under “— Taxation of Distributions” above. Such constructive distribution would be subject to tax as described under that section in the same manner as if the U.S. Holders of the Pre-Funded Warrants or the Common Warrants received a cash distribution from us equal to the fair market value of the increase in their interest. Generally, a U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in its the Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrant would be increased to the extent any such constructive distribution were treated as a dividend.
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Passive Foreign Investment Company Rules
A non-U.S. corporation will be classified as a PFIC for United States federal income tax purposes if either (i) at least 75% of its gross income in a taxable year, including its pro rata share of the gross income of any corporation in which it is considered to own at least 25% of the shares by value, is passive income or (ii) at least 50% of its assets in a taxable year (ordinarily determined based on fair market value and averaged quarterly over the year), including its pro rata share of the assets of any corporation in which it is considered to own at least 25% of the shares by value, are held for the production of, or produce, passive income. Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents and royalties (other than rents or royalties derived from the active conduct of a trade or business) and gains from the disposition of assets giving rise to passive income.
We must make a separate determination each year as to whether we are a PFIC. Depending on the amount of cash we raise in this offering, together with any other assets held for the production of passive income, it is possible that, for our current taxable year or for any subsequent taxable year, at least 50% of our assets may be assets held for the production of passive income. We will make this determination following the end of any particular tax year. Because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test will generally be determined based on the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares and because, with certain exceptions, cash is considered an asset held for the production of passive income, our PFIC status will depend in large part on the market price of our Ordinary Shares and the composition and value of our assets and income. Accordingly, fluctuations in the market price of the Class A Ordinary Shares may cause us to become a PFIC. In addition, the application of the PFIC rules is subject to uncertainty in several respects, including the composition of our income and assets that may vary over time depending on how our operations evolve. We are under no obligation to take steps to reduce the risk of our being classified as a PFIC, and as stated above, the determination of the value of our assets will depend upon material facts (including the market price of our Class A Ordinary Shares from time to time and the amount of cash we raise in this offering) that may not be within our control. If we are a PFIC for any year during which you hold Class A Ordinary Shares, the shares will continue to be treated as stock in a PFIC for all succeeding years during which you hold Class A Ordinary Shares. However, if we cease to be a PFIC and you did not previously make a timely “mark-to-market” election as described below, you may avoid some of the adverse effects of the PFIC regime by making a “purging election” (as described below) with respect to the Class A Ordinary Shares.
If we are determined to be a PFIC and, in the case of our Class A Ordinary Shares, the U.S. Holder did not make a mark-to-market election, such U.S. Holder generally will be subject to special rules with respect to (i) any gain recognized by the U.S. Holder on the sale or other disposition of its Class A Ordinary Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants and (ii) any “excess distribution” made to the U.S. Holder (generally, any distributions to such U.S. Holder during a taxable year of the U.S. Holder that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions received by such U.S. Holder in respect of the Class A Ordinary Shares during the three preceding taxable years of such U.S. Holder or, if shorter, such U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Class A Ordinary Shares).
Under these rules:
| ● | the U.S. Holder’s gain or excess distribution will be allocated ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the Class A Ordinary Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants; | |
| ● | the amount allocated to the U.S. Holder’s taxable year in which the U.S. Holder recognized the gain or received the excess distribution, or to the period in the U.S. Holder’s holding period before the first day of our first taxable year in which we are a PFIC, will be taxed as ordinary income; | |
| ● | the amount allocated to other taxable years (or portions thereof) of the U.S. Holder and included in its holding period will be taxed at the highest tax rate in effect for that year and applicable to the U.S. Holder; and | |
| ● | an additional amount equal to the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the U.S. Holder with respect to the tax attributable to each such other taxable year of the U.S. Holder. |
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If a U.S. Holder, at the close of its taxable year, owns shares in a PFIC that are treated as marketable stock, the U.S. Holder may make a mark-to-market election with respect to such shares for such taxable year. If the U.S. Holder makes a valid mark-to-market election for the first taxable year of the U.S. Holder in which the U.S. Holder holds (or is deemed to hold) Class A Ordinary Shares in us and for which we are determined to be a PFIC, such U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to the PFIC rules described above in respect of its Class A Ordinary Shares. Instead, in general, the U.S. Holder will include for each of its taxable years as ordinary income the excess, if any, of the fair market value of its Class A Ordinary Shares at the end of such year over its adjusted basis in its Class A Ordinary Shares. These amounts of ordinary income would not be eligible for the favorable tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income or long-term capital gains. The U.S. Holder also will recognize an ordinary loss in respect of the excess, if any, of its adjusted basis of its Class A Ordinary Shares over the fair market value of its Class A Ordinary Shares at the end of its taxable year (but only to the extent of the net amount of previously included income as a result of the mark-to-market election). The U.S. Holder’s basis in its Class A Ordinary Shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts, and any further gain recognized on a sale or other taxable disposition of its Class A Ordinary Shares will be treated as ordinary income. Currently, a mark-to-market election may not be made with respect to our Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants.
The mark-to-market election is available only for “marketable stock,” generally, stock that is regularly traded on a national securities exchange that is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including Nasdaq (on which we intend to list the Class A Ordinary Shares), or on a foreign exchange or market that the IRS determines has rules sufficient to ensure that the market price represents a legitimate and sound fair market value. In general, the Class A Ordinary Shares will be treated as regularly traded in any calendar year in which more than a de minimis quantity of Class A Ordinary Shares are traded on a qualified exchange on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter. There can be no assurance that trading in our Class A Ordinary Shares will be sufficient to treat such shares as “marketable stock” for these purposes in any given calendar year.
If made, a mark-to-market election would be effective for the taxable year for which the election was made and for all subsequent taxable years unless the Class A Ordinary Shares ceased to qualify as “marketable stock” for purposes of the PFIC rules or the IRS consented to the revocation of the election. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the availability and tax consequences of a mark-to-market election in respect to our Class A Ordinary Shares under their particular circumstances.
Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may make a “qualified electing fund” (“QEF”) election with respect to such PFIC to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. A U.S. Holder who makes a valid QEF election with respect to a PFIC will generally include in gross income for a taxable year such holder’s pro rata share of the corporation’s earnings and profits for the taxable year. However, the QEF election is available only if such PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits as required under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not currently intend to prepare or provide the information that would enable you to make a QEF election and, accordingly, do not consider further the consequences to a U.S. Holder of making a QEF election.
If we are a PFIC and, at any time, have a foreign subsidiary that is classified as a PFIC, U.S. Holders generally would be deemed to own a portion of the shares of such lower-tier PFIC, and generally could incur liability for the deferred tax and interest charge described above if we receive a distribution from, or dispose of all or part of our interest in, the lower-tier PFIC or the U.S. Holders otherwise were deemed to have disposed of an interest in the lower-tier PFIC. A mark-to-market election generally would not be available with respect to such lower-tier PFIC. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the tax issues raised by lower-tier PFICs.
A U.S. Holder that owns (or is deemed to own) shares in a PFIC during any taxable year of the U.S. Holder, may have to file an IRS Form 8621 (whether or not a mark-to-market election is made) and such other information as may be required by the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Failure to do so, if required, will extend the statute of limitations until such required information is furnished to the IRS.
The rules dealing with PFICs and with mark-to-market elections are very complex and are affected by various factors in addition to those described above. Accordingly, U.S. Holders of our Class A Ordinary Shares , Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants should consult their own tax advisors concerning the application of the PFIC rules to our securities under their particular circumstances.
Tax Reporting
Certain U.S. Holders may be required to file an IRS Form 926 (Return by a U.S. Transferor of Property to a Foreign Corporation) to report a transfer of property (including cash) to us. Substantial penalties may be imposed on a U.S. Holder that fails to comply with this reporting requirement, and the period of limitations on assessment and collection of U.S. federal income taxes will be extended in the event of a failure to comply. Furthermore, certain U.S. Holders who are individuals and certain entities will be required to report information with respect to such U.S. Holder’s investment in “specified foreign financial assets” on IRS Form 8938 (Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets), subject to certain exceptions. Specified foreign financial assets generally include any financial account maintained with a non-U.S. financial institution and should also include the Class A Ordinary Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants if they are not held in an account maintained with a U.S. financial institution. Persons who are required to report specified foreign financial assets and fail to do so may be subject to substantial penalties, and the period of limitations on assessment and collection of U.S. federal income taxes will generally be extended in the event of a failure to comply. Potential investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the foreign financial asset and other reporting obligations and their application to an investment in our Class A Ordinary Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants.
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Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Dividend payments with respect to our Class A Ordinary Shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange, redemption or other taxable disposition of our Class A Ordinary Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants or Common Warrants may be subject to information reporting to the IRS and possible United States backup withholding. Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certifications, or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding and establishes such exemption status. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status may be required to provide such certification on IRS Form W-9.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against a holder’s United States federal income tax liability, and a holder generally may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by timely filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS and furnishing any required information. Holders are urged to consult their own tax advisor regarding the applicable of backup withholding and the availability of and procedure for obtaining an exemption from backup withholding in their particular circumstances.
The U.S. federal income tax discussion set forth above is included for general information only and may not be applicable depending upon a holder’s particular situation. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences to them of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our Class A Ordinary Shares, Pre-Funded Warrants and Common Warrants, including the tax consequences under U.S. federal, state and local, estate, non-U.S. and other tax laws and tax treaties and the possible effects of changes in U.S. or other tax laws.
EXPENSES RELATING TO THIS OFFERING
Set forth below is an itemization of the total expenses, excluding placement agent fees, which are expected to be incurred in connection with the offer and sale of the Units by us. With the exception of the SEC registration fee, the Nasdaq listing fee and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) filing fee, all amounts are estimates. The estimated costs and expenses payable by the Company in connection with the offering described in this registration statement are set forth below.
| SEC registration fee | $ | 2,803.43 | ||
| FINRA Filing Fee | 2,045.00 | |||
| Legal fees and expenses | 200,000.00 | |||
| Accounting fees and expenses | 45,000.00 | |||
| Miscellaneous expenses | 1,553.29 | |||
| Total expenses | $ | 251,401.72 |
These expenses will be borne by us.
| 115 |
LEGAL MATTERS
The Company is being represented by Loeb & Loeb LLP, with respect to legal matters of United States federal securities law and Hong Kong law. The validity of the Class A Ordinary Shares offered by this prospectus and certain Cayman Islands law matters will be passed upon for us by Ogier. The placement agent is being represented by Hunter Taubman Fischer & Li LLC in connection with this offering.
| 116 |
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2025 and 2024 included herein and in the registration statement have been so included in reliance on the report of Marcum Asia CPAs LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The office of Marcum Asia CPAs LLP. is located at 7 Pennsylvania Plaza Suite 830, New York, NY 10001.
| 117 |
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form F-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the Class A Ordinary Shares described herein. This prospectus, which constitutes part of the registration statement, does not include all of the information contained in the registration statement. You should refer to the registration statement and its exhibits for additional information. Whenever we make reference in this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents, the references are not necessarily complete and you should refer to the exhibits attached to the registration statement for copies of the actual contract, agreement or other document. We anticipate making these documents publicly available, free of charge, on our website at https://real.co/ as soon as reasonably practicable after filing such documents with the SEC. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus and should not be considered to be a part of this prospectus. We have included our website address as an inactive textual reference only.
You can read the registration statement and our future filings with the SEC, over the Internet at the SEC’s web site at http://www.sec.gov. You may also read and copy any document that we file with the SEC at its public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549.
You may also obtain copies of the documents at prescribed rates by writing to the Public Reference Section of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference room.
| 118 |
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025 AND 2024
(UNAUDITED)
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED MARCH 31, 2025, 2024 AND 2023
(AUDITED)
| F-1 |
REAL
MESSENGER CORPORATION
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Expressed in U.S. dollar, except for the number of shares)
| As of | ||||||||
September 30, 2025 | March 31, 2025 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||||||
| Due from a related company | ||||||||
| Due from a director | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Non-current assets | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Right-of-use assets, net | ||||||||
| Total non-current assets | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Due to related parties - current | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities - current | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities - current | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Non-current liabilities | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities – non-current | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | ||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Class A Ordinary Share (par value $ per share, shares authorized; and shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, respectively) | ||||||||
| Class B Ordinary Share (par value $ per share, shares authorized; shares issued, and shares outstanding (excluding holdback shares subject to surrender and forfeiture) as of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025 | ||||||||
| Less: Class A Ordinary Share held in treasury, at cost; and shares as of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, respectively | ( | ) | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | ||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
| F-2 |
REAL MESSENGER CORPORATION
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Expressed in U.S. dollar, except for the number of shares)
For the Six Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cost of revenue | ( | ) | ||||||
| - | ||||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||
| Operating expenses | ||||||||
| Sales and marketing expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| General and administrative expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Research and development expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total operating expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other income (expense), net | ||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total other income (expense), net | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Income tax expense | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Other comprehensive loss: | ||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Comprehensive loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding | ||||||||
| Basic and diluted | * | |||||||
| Loss per share | ||||||||
| Basic and diluted | $ | ) | $ | )* | ||||
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
| F-3 |
REAL MESSENGER CORPORATION
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Expressed in U.S. dollar, except for the number of shares)
Class A Ordinary Shares | Class B Ordinary Shares | Treasury Stock | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of Shares | Amount | Number of Shares | Amount | Number of Shares | Amount | Additional Paid-in | Accumulated deficits | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | Total Stockholders’ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at April 1, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss for the period | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at September 30, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at April 1, 2025 | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share issued for consultancy fee | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Settlement in share received from promissory note receivable | ( | ) | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss for the period | - | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balances at September 30, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
| F-4 |
REAL
MESSENGER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Expressed in U.S. dollar, except for the number of shares)
| For the six months ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Depreciation of property and equipment | ||||||||
| Interest expense on lease liabilities | ||||||||
| Amortization of right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Stock-based compensation for consultancy service | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Advance to a director | ( | ) | ||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from convertible promissory notes payable | ||||||||
| Borrowings from related parties | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplementary cash flow information | ||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash received for interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities | ||||||||
| Related party borrowing in exchange for convertible promissory notes | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
| F-5 |
REAL
MESSENGER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Expressed in U.S. dollar, except for the number of shares)
1. ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
Real Messenger Corporation (the “Company”) was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on June 27, 2023 as an exempted company with limited liability for the purpose of effecting the business combination with Nova Vision Acquisition Corp. (“Nova SPAC”) (the “Business Combination”). Nova SPAC was a blank check company incorporated on March 18, 2021 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands for the purpose of acquiring, engaging in a share exchange, share reconstruction and amalgamation, purchasing all or substantially all of the assets of, entering into contractual arrangements, or engaging in any other similar Business Combination and to serve as the publicly traded parent company of Real Messenger Holdings Limited (“Real Messenger”) following the Business Combination. The Business Combination was completed on November 19, 2024.
Real Messenger was incorporated on September 13, 2021 under the laws of the Cayman Islands (“Cayman”) as an exempted company with limited liability.
Real
Messenger owns
Real
USA owns
The Company and its subsidiaries operate an online marketplace that directly connects real estate agents with home buyers and sellers, through its social network application namely “Real”. Currently the Company does not charge fees from real estate agents and has not generated revenues to date.
The Company and its subsidiaries are hereinafter referred to as (the “Company”).
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, the Company do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended March 31, 2025, from which the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2025 was derived. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of the interim financial information have been included and are of a normal recurring nature.
Basis of consolidation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances among the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.
| F-6 |
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, management reviews these estimates and assumptions using the currently available information. Changes in facts and circumstances may cause the Company to revise its estimates. The Company bases its estimates on past experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Estimates are used when accounting for items and matters including but not limited to valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, grant-date fair value of share-based compensation and other provisions and contingencies.
Cash
Cash
primarily consists of bank deposits, as well as highly liquid investments, with original maturities of three months or less, which are
unrestricted as to withdrawal and use. The Company maintains most of the bank accounts in Hong Kong. Each bank account in Hong Kong is
insured by the government authority with the maximum limit of HK$
Operating leases
The Company adopts the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) for all periods presented. This standard requires lessees to recognize lease assets (“right-of-use”) and related lease obligations (“lease liabilities”) on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet for leases with terms in excess of twelve months. For lease terms of twelve months or fewer, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election not to recognize lease assets and liabilities.
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in finance lease ROU assets and finance lease liabilities in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.
ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease and finance lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized, based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term discounted using the rate implicit in the lease. In cases where the implicit rate is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate that the Company would have to pay to borrow, on a collateralized basis, an amount equal to the lease payments, in a similar economic environment and over a similar term. The Company depreciated the ROU assets on a straight-line basis from the lease commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the ROU assets or the end of the lease term. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Property and equipment
Property
and equipment primarily consist of office equipment, which is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Depreciation
is provided using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful life. The estimated useful life of office equipment is
Expenditures for repairs and maintenance, which do not materially extend the useful lives of the assets, are expensed as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments which substantially extend the useful life of assets are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets disposed of or retired are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive loss in other income or expenses.
| F-7 |
Impairment of long-lived assets
The
Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an
asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset
to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment
recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.
Revenue recognition
The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2014-09”) using the full retrospective transition method.
The Company applies the following five steps in order to determine the appropriate amount of revenue to be recognized as it fulfills its obligations under each of its agreements:
| ● | identify the contract with a customer; | |
| ● | identify the performance obligations in the contract; | |
| ● | determine the transaction price; | |
| ● | allocate the transaction price to performance obligations in the contract; and | |
| ● | recognize revenue as the performance obligation is satisfied. |
Revenue is recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligation under the contract by transferring the promised product to its customer that obtains control of the product and collection is reasonably assured. A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct product or service to a customer. Most of the Company’s contracts have a single performance obligation, and such fees are billed to the customer when the performance obligation is satisfied. The Company recognizes such revenue in the period when the amounts are determined to be fixed and the performance obligation is satisfied as the Company completes the obligations.
Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products or providing services. As such, revenue is recorded net of returns, allowances, customer discounts, and incentives. Sales taxes and other taxes are excluded from revenues.
Service fee income
The Company generates service fee income from providing advisory services that assist customers in the strategic use of their websites and social medial platforms. Revenue from the provision of these services is recognized over time when the services are rendered to the customer in accordance with the terms of the relevant contracts.
Principal vs Agent Considerations
When another party is involved in providing services to the client, the Company will apply the principal versus agent guidance in ASC 606 to determine if the Company is acting as the principal or an agent to the transaction. This evaluation determined that the Company is in control of establishing the transaction price, managing all aspects of the service term, and taking the risk of loss for delivery, collection, and returns. Based on the Company’s evaluation of the control model, it has determined that the Company acts as the principal rather than an agent within the revenue arrangements and such revenues are reported on a gross basis.
Disaggregation of Revenue
The Company has disaggregated its revenue from contracts with customers into categories based on the business operation of the revenue under ASC 606, as follows:
| Six months ended September 30, | ||||||||||
| Types of revenue | Point of recognition | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Service fee income | Over time | $ | $ | |||||||
| F-8 |
Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of salary and welfare for research and development personnel, software expenses and other expenses associated with research and development activities. Cost incurred for the internally developed platform and application during the planning and designing stage are expensed when incurred and are included in the research and development expenses. Costs incurred in the phase subsequent to establishing technological feasibility of such software and application are capitalized.
For
the six months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, no costs were qualified for capitalization. Research and development expenses were
$
The Company accounts for share-based awards issued to employees in accordance with ASC Topic 718 Compensation – Stock Compensation. Share-based awards granted are measured at fair value on grant date and share-based compensation expense is recognized (i) immediately at the grant date if no vesting conditions are required, or (ii) using the straight-line method over the requisite service period. For awards with performance conditions, the Company recognizes compensation cost if it is probable that the performance condition will be met. Forfeitures are recognized when they occur.
Employee benefits
All
salaried employees of the Company in Hong Kong are enrolled in a Mandatory Provident Fund Scheme (“MPF scheme”) under the
Hong Kong Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Ordinance, within two months of employment. The MPF scheme is a defined contribution retirement
plan administered by an independent trustee. The Company makes regular contributions of
Income taxes
Income taxes are determined in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Any effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
ASC
740 prescribes a comprehensive model for how companies should recognize, measure, present, and disclose in their unaudited condensed
consolidated financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under ASC 740, tax positions
must initially be recognized in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements when it is more likely than not the position
will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized
tax benefits, if any, as income tax expense. There were
The Company may be subject to potential examination by foreign taxing authorities in the area of income taxes. These potential examinations may include questioning the timing and amount of deductions, the nexus of income among various tax jurisdictions and compliance with foreign tax laws. The Company’s management does not expect that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will materially change over the next twelve months.
The
Company’s tax provision is
| F-9 |
In accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, basic net earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of unrestricted ordinary shares outstanding during the year using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, net income (loss) is allocated between ordinary shares and other participating securities based on dividends declared (or accumulated) and participating rights in undistributed earnings as if all the earnings for the reporting period had been distributed. The Company’s holdback shares are participating securities because they are entitled to non-forfeitable dividends.
Basic loss per ordinary share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the sum of the weighted average number of ordinary share outstanding and of potential dilutive securities (e.g., convertible securities, options and warrants) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential ordinary shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share.
Foreign currency translation
The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at year-end exchange rates, income and expense accounts are translated at average rates of exchange for the year and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Any translation gains or losses are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in net income (loss).
The functional currency is U.S. dollar for the Company’s US entities and Hong Kong dollar for all other entities, which represents the primary currency of the economic environment in which the entity operates. In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not US$ are translated into US$, in accordance with the ASC Topic 830, “Foreign Currency Matters”, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the year. The gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity.
Translations of amounts in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets, unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, and unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows from HK$ into US$ as of and for the periods presented are adopted the following exchange rates in preparing the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements:
| As of September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Period-end spot rate | ||||||||
| Six months ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Average rate | ||||||||
Fair value of financial instruments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
| F-10 |
Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.
Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value.
As of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, financial instruments of the Company comprised primarily current assets and current liabilities including cash and cash equivalents, other current assets, due from a related party, due from a director and accrued expenses and other liabilities, which approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments.
Segment reporting
ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting” establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent with the Company’s internal organizational structure as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major users in unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for details on the Company’s business segments.
In accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), “Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”, the Company considered whether additional disclosures were required, including significant segment expenses and measures used by the CODM. However, the CODM evaluates the Company’s performance based solely on consolidated financial results, and no additional measures or expense categories are used for internal decision-making.
Operating
segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”),
the Chief Executive Officer of the Company for making decisions, allocating resources and assessing performance. Consequently, the Company
has determined that it has only
Related parties
The Company follows ASC 850-10, “Related Party Disclosures” for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions.
Pursuant to ASC 850-10-20 the related parties include a) affiliates of the Company; b) entities for which investments in their equity securities would be required, absent the election of the fair value option under the Fair Value Option Subsection of ASC 825-10-15, to be accounted for by the equity method by the investing entity; c) trusts for the benefit of employees, such as pension and Income-sharing trusts that are managed by or under the trusteeship of management; d) principal owners of the Company; e) management of the Company; f) other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests; and g) other parties that can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or that have an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements shall include disclosures of material related party transactions, other than compensation arrangements, expense allowances, and other similar items in the ordinary course of business. However, disclosure of transactions that are eliminated in the preparation of consolidated or combined financial statements is not required in those statements. The disclosures shall include: a) the nature of the relationship(s) involved; b) a description of the transactions, including transactions to which no amounts or nominal amounts were ascribed, for each of the periods for which income statements are presented, and such other information deemed necessary to an understanding of the effects of the transactions on the financial statements; c) the dollar amounts of transactions for each of the periods for which income statements are presented and the effects of any change in the method of establishing the terms from that used in the preceding period; and d) amount due from or to related parties as of the date of each balance sheet presented and, if not otherwise apparent, the terms and manner of settlement.
| F-11 |
Commitments and contingencies
The Company follows ASC 450-20, “Contingencies” to report accounting for contingencies. Certain conditions may exist as of the date of the financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or un-asserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or un-asserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein.
If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, and an estimate of the range of possible losses, if determinable and material, would be disclosed.
Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed. Management does not believe, based upon information available at this time that these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, there is no assurance that such matters will not materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, and results of operations or cash flows.
Recently issued accounting pronouncements
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations upon adoption.
Recently adopted accounting standard
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Tax Disclosures (Topic 740), to enhance the disclosures related to income taxes, including the rate reconciliation and information on income taxes paid. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 (fiscal 2026 for the Company), with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this standard effective April 1, 2025 retrospectively for all periods presented.
Recently issued accounting standards not yet adopted
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”), and in January 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-01, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date (“ASU 2025-01”). ASU 2024-03 requires additional disclosure of the nature of expenses included in the income statement as well as disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented in the income statement. ASU 2024-03, as clarified by ASU 2025-01, is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Both early adoption and retrospective application are permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of these standards will have on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
| F-12 |
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-05, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets. The amendment provides (1) all entities with a practical expedient to assume that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the assets and (2) entities other than public business entities with an accounting policy election to consider collection activity after the balance sheet date when estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under Topic 606. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of these standards will have on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other— Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. The amendments in this ASU are intended to improve the operability of the guidance by removing all references to software development project stages so that the guidance is neutral to different software development methods, including methods that entities may use to develop software in the future. Therefore, the amendments require that an entity capitalize software costs when both: Management has authorized and committed to funding the software project; and it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended (referred to as the “probable-to-complete recognition threshold”). This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of these standards will have on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-07, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) and Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Derivatives Scope Refinements and Scope Clarification for Share-Based Noncash Consideration from a Customer in a Revenue Contract. The ASU clarifies derivative scope exceptions for certain contracts with underlyings that are based on the operations or activities of one of the parties to the contract. The ASU also clarifies the applicability of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and its interaction with other ASC Topics (including ASC Topic 815 on derivatives and hedging and ASC Topic 321 on equity securities), in the accounting for share-based noncash consideration (such as warrants or shares) received from a customer for the transfer of goods or services. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of these standards will have on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-08, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Purchased Loans. The new ASU expands the population of acquired financial assets accounted for using the gross-up approach. Acquired loans (excluding credit cards) are deemed purchased seasoned loans and accounted for using the gross-up approach upon acquisition if criteria established by the new guidance are met. This change aims to enhance comparability, consistency, and better reflect the economics of acquiring financial assets. This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of these standards will have on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-09, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Hedge Accounting Improvements. The ASU enables entities to apply hedge accounting to a greater number of highly effective economic hedges in the following five areas, (1) Similar Risk Assessment for Cash Flow Hedges: The ASU expands the hedged risks permitted to be aggregated in a group of individual forecasted transactions, enabling entities to apply hedge accounting to potentially broader portfolios of forecasted transactions; (2) Hedging Forecasted Interest Payments on Choose-Your-Rate Debt Instruments: The ASU establishes a model that enables hedge accounting to be applied more broadly to choose-your-rate debt and address existing diversity in practice; (3) Cash Flow Hedges of Nonfinancial Forecasted Transactions: The ASU expands hedge accounting for forecasted purchases and sales of nonfinancial assets subject to certain criteria; (4) Net Written Options as Hedging Instruments: The ASU accommodates differences in the loan and swap markets that resulted from reference rate reform, eliminating the requirement for the net written option test in certain instances; and (5) Foreign-Currency-Denominated Debt Instrument as Hedging Instrument and Hedged Item (Dual Hedge): The ASU eliminates the recognition and presentation mismatch related to a dual hedge strategy (that is, a hedge for which a foreign-currency-denominated debt instrument is both designated as the hedging instrument in a net investment hedge and designated as the hedged item in a fair value hedge of interest rate risk). This guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods for entities other than public business entities. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of these standards will have on its unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
| F-13 |
The Company has reviewed all recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements and does not believe the future adoption of any such pronouncements may be expected to cause a material impact on its financial condition or the results of its operations.
3. GOING CONCERN UNCERTAINTIES
The
accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going
concern. The Company suffered from continuous losses from operations since its inception and reported its accumulated deficit of $
The
Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to successfully execute its business plans including,
generating revenue, controlling operating costs and expenses to achieve positive operating cash flows, and securing funding from external
sources to support positive financing cash flows. As of September 30, 2025, the Company’s bank balance was $
The Company also intends to continue to raise additional capital through private placements of debt and equity securities, but there can be no assurance that these funds will be available on terms acceptable to the Company, or will be sufficient to enable the Company to fully complete its development activities or sustain operations. If the Company is unable to raise sufficient additional funds, it will have to develop and implement a plan to these uncertainties, which includes pursuing strategic financing opportunities, optimizing costs, and accelerating revenue generation through expanded commercial partnerships. If the Company unable to improve profitability, then the Company shall rely on the financial support from its controlling shareholder. The Company believes that these initiatives, if successfully executed, will enable the Company to continue operating and meet its obligations as they become due.
These and other factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that financial statements are issued. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties.
4. SEGMENT REPORTING
ASC 280 Segment Reporting establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent with the Company’s internal organizational structure as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major users in financial statements for details on the Company’s business segments.
The Company uses the management approach to determine reportable operating segments. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting used by the Company’s CODM for making decisions, allocating resources and assessing performance.
| F-14 |
Based
on the management’s assessment, the Company determined that it has only
| Six months ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cost of revenue | ( | ) | ||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||
| Sales and marketing expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| General and administrative expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Research and development expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total other income (expense), net | ( | ) | ||||||
| Income tax expense | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
The Company’s long-lived assets are all located in Hong Kong.
5. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
As of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, prepaid expenses and other current assets were comprised of the following:
| As of | ||||||||
| September 30,2025 | March 31, 2025 | |||||||
| Prepaid insurance expenses(i) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deposit | ||||||||
| Other prepayments | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| (i) |
6. DUE FROM A RELATED PARTY
Immediately
after giving effect to the Business Combination, Nova Pulsar Holdings Limited (“Sponsor”) became a shareholder of the Company.
In March and April 2024, the Sponsor issued promissory notes of $
On June 5, 2025, the Company, through Real Messenger exercised the right to convert all the promissory notes by receiving shares of Class A ordinary share of the Company.
7. DUE FROM A DIRECTOR
As
of September 30, 2025, the amount due from a director, Mr. Thomas Ma, totaled $
8. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
As of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, property and equipment, net was comprised of the following:
| As of | ||||||||
| September 30, 2025 | March 31, 2025 | |||||||
| Office equipment | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
For
the six months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recognized depreciation expenses of $
| F-15 |
9. LEASE
Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. ROU asset represents the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Generally, the implicit rate of interest (“discount rate”) in arrangements is not readily determinable and the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on its understanding of what its credit rating would be. The operating lease ROU asset includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives.
The
Company entered into a commercial operating lease with an independent third party for the use of an office in Hong Kong. The lease term
of this operating lease is
Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases was as follows:
| As of | ||||||||
| September 30, 2025 | March 31, 2025 | |||||||
| Operating lease: | ||||||||
| Right-of-use asset, net | $ | $ | ||||||
| Operating lease liabilities: | ||||||||
| Current operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Non-current operating lease liabilities | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
For
the six months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s total cash outflow for leases were $
Operating
lease expense for the six months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $
Other supplemental information about the Company’s operating lease as of September 30, 2025 are as follow:
| Weighted average discount rate | % | |||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years) |
The following table summarizes the future minimum lease payments due under the Company’s operating leases in the next five years:
| Year ending September 30, | ||||
| 2026 | $ | |||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| Total minimum finance lease liabilities payment | ||||
| Less: imputed interest | ( | ) | ||
| Future minimum lease liabilities | $ |
| F-16 |
10. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Ordinary Shares
The Company’s authorized share capital is ordinary shares consisting of (i) Class A Ordinary Shares with a par value of $ per share and (ii) Class B Ordinary Shares with a par value of $ per share.
Holders
of Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. In respect of matters
requiring a shareholder vote, each Class A Ordinary Shares will be entitled to one (
As of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, and shares of Class A Ordinary Shares were issued and outstanding, respectively.
As of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, and Class B Ordinary Shares were issued and outstanding, respectively, among which issued ordinary shares are holdback shares in escrow.
Warrants
Each public warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one-half of one ordinary share at a price of $ per share, subject to adjustment as discussed herein. The warrants become exercisable after the closing of the Business Combination and will expire five years after the closing of the Business Combination, at 5:00 p.m., New York City time, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.
Once
the warrants become exercisable, the Company may call the warrants for redemption (excluding the private warrants), in whole and not
in part, at a price of $
| ● | at any time while the public warrants are exercisable, |
| ● | upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each public warrant holder, |
| ● | if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the ordinary shares equals or exceeds $ per share, for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the notice of redemption to public warrant holders, and |
| ● | if, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the issuance of the ordinary shares underlying such warrants at the time of redemption and for the entire 30-day trading period referred to above and continuing each day thereafter until the date of redemption. |
The private warrants are identical to the public warrants. The private warrants (including the ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the private warrants) are not transferable, assignable or salable until 30 days after the completion of the Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions.
If the Company calls the public warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the public warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement. The exercise price and number of ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a share dividend, extraordinary dividend or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuances of ordinary shares at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrants. The Company assessed the key terms applicable to the public warrants as well as the private warrants and believes the public warrants and private warrants should be classified as equity in accordance with ASC 480 and ASC 815.
As
of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, there were
| F-17 |
The Company applies the two-class method when computing net loss per share attributable to the shareholders when shares are issued that meet the definition of a participating security. The two-class method determines net loss per share for each class of ordinary shares and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires earnings available to the shareholders for the period to be allocated between ordinary share and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all earnings for the period had been distributed.
| Six months ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Less: Net loss attributable to holdback shares | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net loss attributable to the Company’s shareholders | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Denominator: | ||||||||
| Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding – Basic and diluted | ||||||||
| Net loss per share – Basic and diluted | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||
For the six months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, diluted weighted average ordinary shares outstanding were equal to basic weighted average ordinary shares due to the Company’s net loss position. Hence, no ordinary shares equivalents were included in the computation of diluted net loss per share since such inclusion would have been antidilutive. The Company had holdback shares outstanding as of and for the six months ended September 30, 2025. The holdback shares contain a non-forfeitable right to dividends and hence are considered as participating securities. The two-class method was applied to compute basic earnings per share attributable to ordinary shareholders. units of public and private warrants were also excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per ordinary share because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect for the six months ended September 30, 2025.
12. INCOME TAXES
Cayman Islands
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains, or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the Government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or, after execution, brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. No stamp duty is payable in the Cayman Islands on the issue of shares by, or any transfers of shares of, Cayman Islands companies (except those which hold interests in land in the Cayman Islands). There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
Payments of dividends and capital in respect of the Company’s Ordinary Shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of the Company’s Ordinary Shares, as the case may be, nor will gains derived from the disposal of the Company’s Ordinary Shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.
| F-18 |
The United States
For
the U.S. jurisdiction, Real USA is subject to federal income taxes on its business operations at a statutory rate of
As
a result of the Tax Act, the Company has evaluated whether it has an additional tax liability from the Global Intangible Low Taxed Income
(“GILTI”) inclusion on current earnings and profits of its foreign controlled corporations. The law also provides that corporate
taxpayers may benefit from a
Hong Kong
Real
Corporation HK and Hohojo are incorporated in Hong Kong and are subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax on the taxable income as reported in
its statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Hong Kong tax laws. For the six months ended September 30, 2025
and 2024, Hong Kong profits tax is calculated in accordance with the two-tiered profits tax rates regime.
For the six months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the components of the loss before income taxes are as follows:
| Six months ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Cayman | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Hong Kong subsidiaries | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| USA subsidiary | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
For the six months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, income tax expenses consist of the following:
| Six months ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Current income expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred income tax expenses | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| F-19 |
A reconciliation of the difference between the expected income tax expense computed at applicable statutory income tax rates and the Company’s income tax expenses is shown in the following table:
| Six months ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Loss before income tax expenses | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Income tax computed at statutory income tax rate (a) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Effect of preferential tax benefits | ||||||||
| Effect of differences in income tax rates in other jurisdictions | ||||||||
| Effect of change in valuation allowance | ||||||||
| Effect of prior year true up | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| (a) |
Deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025 consist of the following:
| As of | ||||||||
| September 30, 2025 | March 31, 2025 | |||||||
| Net operating losses carryforwards | $ | $ | ||||||
| Excess research and development expenses | ||||||||
| Less: allowance on deferred tax assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
The movement of valuation allowance is as follows:
| As of | ||||||||
| September 30, 2025 | March 31, 2025 | |||||||
| Balance at beginning of the year | $ | $ | ||||||
| Current year addition | ||||||||
| Balance at end of the year | $ | $ | ||||||
As
of September 30, 2025, the Company had net operating losses of $
The Company evaluates its valuation allowance requirements at end of each reporting period by reviewing all available evidence, both positive and negative, and considering whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance is needed. When circumstances cause a change in management’s judgement about the realizability of deferred tax assets, the impact of the change on the valuation allowance is generally reflected in income from operations. The future realization of the tax benefit of an existing deductible temporary difference ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carryforward period available under applicable tax law. As of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, due to uncertainties surrounding future utilization on Real USA, Real Corporation HK and Hohojo, the Company accrued full valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets based upon management’s assessment as to their realization.
The Company evaluates each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measures the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. As of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the Company did not have any unrecognized uncertain tax positions and the Company does not believe that its unrecognized tax benefits will change over the next twelve months. For the six months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not incur any interest and penalties related to any potential underpaid income tax expenses. As of September 30, 2025, the tax years ended March 31, 2019 through March 31,2025 are subject to examination by the HK authorities and the tax year ended December 31, 2022 through December 31, 2025 is subject to examination by the US tax authorities.
| F-20 |
13. RELATED PARTIES
| 1) | Nature of relationships with related parties |
| Name | Relationship with the Company | |
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | ||
| Mui Ko | ||
| Edinburgh DH Holdings Limited | ||
| Fantastic Global Venture Limited | ||
| TKO Investments Limited | ||
| Bloomington DH Holdings Limited | ||
| Nova Pulsar Holdings Limited |
| 2) | Transactions with related parties |
| Six months ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Borrowings from related parties (a) | ||||||||
| Mui Ko | $ | $ | ||||||
| Repayment of borrowings from related party | ||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | $ | ||||||
| Payment of operating expenses on behalf of the Company (b) | ||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | $ | ||||||
| Advance to a related party (c) | ||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | $ | ||||||
| Purchase of convertible promissory note issued by the Company | ||||||||
| TKO Investment Limited | $ | $ | ||||||
| Interest expense of convertible promissory notes - related parties | ||||||||
| Edinburgh DH Holdings Limited | $ | $ | ||||||
| Fantastic Global Venture Limited | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| (a) | |
| (b) | |
| (c) |
| F-21 |
| 3) | Balances with related parties |
As of September 30, 2025 and March 31, 2025, the balances due from (to) related parties were as follows:
| As of | ||||||||
| September 30, 2025 | March 31, 2025 | |||||||
| Due from related parties | ||||||||
| Nova Pulsar Holdings Limited | $ | $ | ||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| Due to a related party | ||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | $ | ||||||
14. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Lease commitments
The Company entered into a commercial operating lease for the use of an office located in Hong Kong with terms ended 2028. The Company’s minimum lease payment commitments under the operating leases as of September 30, 2025 is set forth in the “Note 9 - Leases”.
Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to loss contingencies, such as certain legal proceedings, claims and disputes. The Company records a liability for such loss contingencies when the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Although the outcomes of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted, the Company does not believe these actions, in the aggregate, will have a material adverse impact on its financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
15. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In accordance with ASC Topic 855, Subsequent Events, which establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued, the Company has evaluated all events or transactions that occurred after September 30, 2025, up to the report issuance date.
On
March 25, 2026, the Company entered into a subscription agreement with Bloomington DH Holdings Limited, a holding company owned and controlled
by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, whereby shares of Class B ordinary share were to be issued at
the price of $ per share to settle the related party payable of $
| F-22 |

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholders and Board of Directors of
Real Messenger Corporation
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Real Messenger Corporation (the “Company”) as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, shareholders’ equity (deficit) and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2025, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, based on our audits, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended March 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Explanatory Paragraph – Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described in Note 3, the Company has a significant accumulated deficit, has incurred significant losses and needs to raise additional funds to meet its obligations and sustain its operations. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 3. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2022. (Such date takes into account the acquisition of certain assets of Friedman LLP by Marcum Asia CPAs LLP effective September 1, 2022)
New York, New York
July 30, 2025
NEW YORK OFFICE ● 7 Penn Plaza ● Suite 830 ● New York, New York ● 10001
Phone 646.442.4845 ● Fax 646.349.5200 ● www.marcumasia.com
| F-23 |
REAL
MESSENGER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Expressed in U.S. dollar (“US$”), except for the number of shares)
| As of March 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ||||||||
| Due from a related party | ||||||||
| Deferred offering costs | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Non-current assets | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Right-of-use assets, net | ||||||||
| Total non-current assets | ||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) | ||||||||
| Current liabilities | ||||||||
| Due to related parties - current | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities - current | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities - current | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Non-current liabilities | ||||||||
| Convertible promissory notes payable | ||||||||
| Due to related parties – non-current | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities – non-current | ||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities – non-current | ||||||||
| Total non-current liabilities | ||||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES | ||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | ||||||||
| Shareholders’ equity (deficit) | ||||||||
| Class A Ordinary Share (par value $ per share, shares authorized; and shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively)* | ||||||||
| Class B Ordinary Share (par value $ per share, shares authorized; 4,500,000 shares issued, and shares outstanding (excluding holdback shares subject to surrender and forfeiture) as of March 31, 2025 and shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024, respectively* | ||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income | ||||||||
| Total shareholders’ equity (deficit) | ( | ) | ||||||
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) | $ | $ | ||||||
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
| F-24 |
REAL
MESSENGER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Expressed in U.S. dollar (“US$”), except for the number of shares)
| For the Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Operating expenses | ||||||||||||
| Sales and marketing expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Research and development expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total operating expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other income (expense) | ||||||||||||
| Other income, net | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | ||||||||||||
| Interest expense | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Total other income (expense), net | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Income tax expense | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Other comprehensive (loss) income | ||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding* | ||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | # | |||||||||||
| Loss per share* | ||||||||||||
| Basic and diluted | $ | ) | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||||
| * | |
| # |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
| F-25 |
REAL
MESSENGER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(Expressed in U.S. dollar (“US$”), except for the number of shares)
Class A Ordinary Shares | Class B Ordinary Shares | Additional Paid-in | Accumulated | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | Total Shareholders’ Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares* | Amount | Shares* | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Income | (Deficit) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of April 1, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Waive of liabilities due to related parties | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2024 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reverse recapitalization | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares for conversion of convertible promissory notes payable | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capitalization of deferred offering costs | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustments | - | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as of March 31, 2025 | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
| F-26 |
REAL
MESSENGER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Expressed in U.S. dollar, except for the number of shares)
| For the Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation of property and equipment | ||||||||||||
| Interest expense on convertible promissory notes | ||||||||||||
| Amortization of right-of-use assets | ||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Accrued expenses and other liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Amount due to related parties | ( |
) | ||||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
| Promissory notes borrowed to a related party | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||||||
| Cash from reverse merger | ||||||||||||
| Borrowings from related parties | ||||||||||||
| Advance from a director | ||||||||||||
| Repayments of borrowings from related parties | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from convertible promissory notes payable | ||||||||||||
| Payment of offering costs | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net increase in cash and cash equivalents | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | ||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplementary cash flow information | ||||||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cash received for interest | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities | ||||||||||||
| Related party borrowing in exchange for convertible promissory notes | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Reclassification of other receivable to due from a related party | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Waive of liabilities due to related parties | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.
| F-27 |
REAL
MESSENGER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Expressed in U.S. dollar, except for the number of shares)
1. ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
Real Messenger Corporation (the “Company”) was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on June 27, 2023 as an exempted company with limited liability for the purpose of effecting the business combination with Nova Vision Acquisition Corp. (“Nova SPAC”) (the “Business Combination”). Nova SPAC was a blank check company incorporated on March 18, 2021 under the laws of the British Virgin Islands for the purpose of acquiring, engaging in a share exchange, share reconstruction and amalgamation, purchasing all or substantially all of the assets of, entering into contractual arrangements, or engaging in any other similar Business Combination and to serve as the publicly traded parent company of Real Messenger Holdings Limited (“Real Messenger”) following the Business Combination. The Business Combination was completed on November 19, 2024.
Real Messenger was incorporated on September 13, 2021 under the laws of the Cayman Islands (“Cayman”) as an exempted company with limited liability.
Real
Messenger owns
Real
USA owns
The Company and its subsidiaries operate an online marketplace that directly connects real estate agents with home buyers and sellers, through its social network application namely “Real”. Currently the Company does not charge fees from real estate agents and has not generated revenues to date.
The Company and its subsidiaries are hereinafter referred to as (the “Company”).
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances among the Company and its subsidiaries have been eliminated upon consolidation.
Use of estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities on the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, management reviews these estimates and assumptions using the currently available information. Changes in facts and circumstances may cause the Company to revise its estimates. The Company bases its estimates on past experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities. Estimates are used when accounting for items and matters including but not limited to valuation allowance on deferred tax assets, grant-date fair value of share-based compensation and other provisions and contingencies.
Cash
Cash
primarily consists of bank deposits, as well as highly liquid investments, with original maturities of three months or less, which are
unrestricted as to withdrawal and use. The Company maintains most of the bank accounts in Hong Kong. Each bank account in Hong Kong is
insured by the government authority with the maximum limit of HK$
Deferred offering costs
In the event of offering of equity securities, incremental costs that otherwise would not have been incurred are deferred and capitalized in the balance sheet as deferred offering costs which will be later deducted against additional paid-in capital upon completion of offering of equity securities.
| F-28 |
Operating leases
The Company adopts the Financial Accounting Standard Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) for all periods presented. This standard requires lessees to recognize lease assets (“right-of-use”) and related lease obligations (“lease liabilities”) on the consolidated balance sheet for leases with terms in excess of twelve months. For lease terms of twelve months or fewer, a lessee is permitted to make an accounting policy election not to recognize lease assets and liabilities.
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and operating lease liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Finance leases are included in finance lease ROU assets and finance lease liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.
ROU assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease and finance lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized, based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term discounted using the rate implicit in the lease. In cases where the implicit rate is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate that the Company would have to pay to borrow, on a collateralized basis, an amount equal to the lease payments, in a similar economic environment and over a similar term. The Company depreciated the ROU assets on a straight-line basis from the lease commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the ROU assets or the end of the lease term. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Property and equipment
Property
and equipment primarily consist of office equipment, which is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Depreciation
is provided using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful life. The estimated useful life of office equipment is
Expenditures for repairs and maintenance, which do not materially extend the useful lives of the assets, are expensed as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments which substantially extend the useful life of assets are capitalized. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of assets disposed of or retired are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in the consolidated statements of operations and other comprehensive loss in other income or expenses.
Impairment of long-lived assets
The
Company reviews long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an
asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset
to the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment
recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets.
Revenue recognition
The Company did not generate revenue for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023. The Company’s revenue is expected to be primarily derived from subscription fees charged from real estate agents and advertising service fees from users which post advertisements on the Company’s application.
| F-29 |
Research and development expenses
Research and development expenses consist primarily of salary and welfare for research and development personnel, software expenses and other expenses associated with research and development activities. Cost incurred for the internally developed platform and application during the planning and designing stage are expensed when incurred and are included in the research and development expenses. Costs incurred in the phase subsequent to establishing technological feasibility of such software and application are capitalized.
For
the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, no costs were qualified for capitalization. Research and development expenses were $
The Company accounts for share-based awards issued to employees in accordance with ASC Topic 718 Compensation – Stock Compensation. Share-based awards granted are measured at fair value on grant date and share-based compensation expense is recognized (i) immediately at the grant date if no vesting conditions are required, or (ii) using the straight-line method over the requisite service period. For awards with performance conditions, the Company recognizes compensation cost if it is probable that the performance condition will be met. Forfeitures are recognized when they occur.
Employee benefits
All
salaried employees of the Company in Hong Kong are enrolled in a Mandatory Provident Fund Scheme (“MPF scheme”) under the
Hong Kong Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Ordinance, within two months of employment. The MPF scheme is a defined contribution retirement
plan administered by an independent trustee. The Company makes regular contributions of
Income taxes
Income taxes are determined in accordance with the provisions of ASC Topic 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted income tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Any effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
ASC
740 prescribes a comprehensive model for how companies should recognize, measure, present, and disclose in their audited consolidated
financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under ASC 740, tax positions must initially
be recognized in the audited consolidated financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination
by the tax authorities.
The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits, if any, as income tax expense. There were
The Company may be subject to potential examination by foreign taxing authorities in the area of income taxes. These potential examinations may include questioning the timing and amount of deductions, the nexus of income among various tax jurisdictions and compliance with foreign tax laws. The Company’s management does not expect that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will materially change over the next twelve months.
The
Company’s tax provision is
In accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, basic net earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of unrestricted ordinary shares outstanding during the year using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, net income (loss) is allocated between ordinary shares and other participating securities based on dividends declared (or accumulated) and participating rights in undistributed earnings as if all the earnings for the reporting period had been distributed. The Company’s holdback shares are participating securities because they are entitled to non-forfeitable dividends.
Basic loss per ordinary share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted-average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the sum of the weighted average number of ordinary share outstanding and of potential dilutive securities (e.g., convertible securities, options and warrants) as if they had been converted at the beginning of the periods presented, or issuance date, if later. Potential ordinary shares that have an anti-dilutive effect (i.e., those that increase income per share or decrease loss per share) are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share.
| F-30 |
Foreign currency translation
The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at year-end exchange rates, income and expense accounts are translated at average rates of exchange for the year and equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Any translation gains or losses are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss). Gains or losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in net income (loss).
The functional currency is U.S. dollar for the Company’s US entities and Hong Kong dollar for all other entities, which represents the primary currency of the economic environment in which the entity operates. In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not US$ are translated into US$, in accordance with the ASC Topic 830, “Foreign Currency Matters”, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the year. The gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) within the consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity.
Translations of amounts in the consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, and consolidated statements of cash flows from HK$ into US$ as of and for the years presented are adopted the following exchange rates in preparing the consolidated financial statements:
| As of March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Year-end spot rate | ||||||||||||
| For the years ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Average rate | ||||||||||||
Fair value of financial instruments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level fair value hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are described below:
Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the assets or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.
Level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value.
As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, financial instruments of the Company comprised primarily current assets and current liabilities including cash, other current assets, due to related parties, convertible promissory notes and accrued expenses and other liabilities, which approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments.
Segment reporting
ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting” establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent with the Company’s internal organizational structure as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major users in consolidated financial statements for details on the Company’s business segments.
In accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), “Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures”, the Company considered whether additional disclosures were required, including significant segment expenses and measures used by the CODM. However, the CODM evaluates the Company’s performance based solely on consolidated financial results, and no additional measures or expense categories are used for internal decision-making.
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”), the Chief Executive Officer of the Company for making decisions, allocating resources and assessing performance. Consequently, the Company has determined that it has only one reportable operating segment.
Related parties
The Company follows ASC 850-10, “Related Party Disclosures” for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions.
Pursuant to ASC 850-10-20 the related parties include a) affiliates of the Company; b) entities for which investments in their equity securities would be required, absent the election of the fair value option under the Fair Value Option Subsection of ASC 825-10-15, to be accounted for by the equity method by the investing entity; c) trusts for the benefit of employees, such as pension and Income-sharing trusts that are managed by or under the trusteeship of management; d) principal owners of the Company; e) management of the Company; f) other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests; and g) other parties that can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or that have an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests.
The consolidated financial statements shall include disclosures of material related party transactions, other than compensation arrangements, expense allowances, and other similar items in the ordinary course of business. However, disclosure of transactions that are eliminated in the preparation of consolidated or combined financial statements is not required in those statements. The disclosures shall include: a) the nature of the relationship(s) involved; b) a description of the transactions, including transactions to which no amounts or nominal amounts were ascribed, for each of the periods for which income statements are presented, and such other information deemed necessary to an understanding of the effects of the transactions on the financial statements; c) the dollar amounts of transactions for each of the periods for which income statements are presented and the effects of any change in the method of establishing the terms from that used in the preceding period; and d) amount due from or to related parties as of the date of each balance sheet presented and, if not otherwise apparent, the terms and manner of settlement.
Commitments and contingencies
The Company follows ASC 450-20, “Contingencies” to report accounting for contingencies. Certain conditions may exist as of the date of the financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or un-asserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or un-asserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein.
If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, and an estimate of the range of possible losses, if determinable and material, would be disclosed.
Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed. Management does not believe, based upon information available at this time that these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, there is no assurance that such matters will not materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, and results of operations or cash flows.
Recently issued accounting pronouncements
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations upon adoption.
| F-31 |
Recently adopted accounting standard
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The purpose of the update was to improve financial reporting by requiring disclosures of incremental segment information on an annual and interim basis for all public entities to enable investors to develop more decision-useful financial analyses. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 (fiscal 2025 for the Company). The Company adopted this standard effective April 1, 2024 retrospectively for all periods presented.
Recently issued accounting standards not yet adopted
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Tax Disclosures (Topic 740), to enhance the disclosures related to income taxes, including the rate reconciliation and information on income taxes paid. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 (fiscal 2026 for the Company), with early adoption permitted. The Company is assessing the impact of this ASU, and upon adoption, may be required to include certain additional disclosures in the effective income tax rate reconciliation in the footnotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”), and in January 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-01, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date (“ASU 2025-01”). ASU 2024-03 requires additional disclosure of the nature of expenses included in the income statement as well as disclosures about specific types of expenses included in the expense captions presented in the income statement. ASU 2024-03, as clarified by ASU 2025-01, is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Both early adoption and retrospective application are permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of these standards will have on its consolidated financial statements.
The Company has reviewed all recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements and does not believe the future adoption of any such pronouncements may be expected to cause a material impact on its financial condition or the results of its operations.
3. GOING CONCERN UNCERTAINTIES
The accompanying consolidated financial statements
have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. The
Company suffered from continuous losses from operations since its inception and reported its accumulated deficit of $
The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent
upon its ability to successfully execute its business
plans including, generating
revenue, controlling operating costs and expenses to achieve positive operating cash flows, and securing funding from external
sources to support positive financing cash flows. As of March 31, 2025, the Company’s bank balance was $
The Company also intends to continue to raise additional capital through private placements of debt and equity securities, but there can be no assurance that these funds will be available on terms acceptable to the Company, or will be sufficient to enable the Company to fully complete its development activities or sustain operations. If the Company is unable to raise sufficient additional funds, it will have to develop and implement a plan to these uncertainties, which includes pursuing strategic financing opportunities, optimizing costs, and accelerating revenue generation through expanded commercial partnerships. If the Company unable to improve profitability, then the Company shall rely on the financial support from its controlling shareholder. The Company believes that these initiatives, if successfully executed, will enable the Company to continue operating and meet its obligations as they become due.
These and other factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that financial statements are issued. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effects on the recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classification of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties.
4. BUSINESS COMBINATION AND REVERSE RECAPITALIZATION
On March 27, 2023, Nova SPAC entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with the Company, Real Messenger, RM2 Limited, and an exempted company incorporated with limited liability in the Cayman Islands and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Merger Sub”).
On November 19, 2024 (“Closing Date”), pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Nova SPAC merged with and into Merger Sub (the “Reincorporation Merger”), with Merger Sub surviving the Reincorporation Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and the outstanding ordinary shares of Nova SPAC being converted into the right to receive the ordinary shares of the Company. Immediately following the Reincorporation Merger, and as part of the same overall transaction as the Reincorporation Merger, Merger Sub merged with and into the Real Messenger (the “Acquisition Merger”, and together with the Reincorporation Merger, the “Mergers”), with the Merger Sub surviving the Acquisition Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and the outstanding ordinary shares being converted into the right to receive the ordinary shares of the Company.
| F-32 |
On the Closing Date, upon consummation of the Business Combination, Ordinary Shares were issued and Ordinary Shares were outstanding. Such amount includes the issuance of (i) Ordinary Shares in the Acquisition Merger, including Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares to the Real Messenger Corporation shareholders, among which, Class B Ordinary Shares are holdback shares in escrow for eighteen months from the closing of Business Combination; (ii) Ordinary Shares to the shareholders of Nova SPAC in connection with the Redomestication Merger; (iii) Ordinary Shares to the holders of convertible promissory notes issued by Nova; (iv) additional Ordinary Shares to be transferred from the Sponsor to the private placement investors; and (v) Ordinary Shares to underwriter in connection with the Redomestication Merger.
Immediately
after giving effect to the Business Combination, the Company has
Class A Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding, 4,500,000
and Class B Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding, respectively, among which,
Class B Ordinary Shares are holdback shares in escrow for eighteen months, and
The transactions were accounted for as a reverse merger in accordance with the U.S. GAAP because the primary assets of Nova SPAC would be nominal following the close of the Business Combination. Under this method of accounting, Nova SPAC was treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes and Real Messenger was determined to be the accounting acquirer based on the terms of the Business Combination and other factors including: (i) Real Messenger Corporation shareholders have a majority of the voting power of the combined company, (ii) Real Messenger Corporation comprises all of the ongoing operations of the combined entity, and (iii) Real Messenger Corporation comprises a majority of the governing body of the combined company, and the Company’s senior management comprising the senior management of the combined company. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, this transaction was treated as the equivalent of the Company issuing share for the net assets of Nova SPAC, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of Nova SPAC were recorded at historical carrying amount, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. Operations prior to the reverse recapitalization are those of Real Messenger Corporation.
5. SEGMENT REPORTING
ASC 280 Segment Reporting establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments on a basis consistent with the Company’s internal organizational structure as well as information about geographical areas, business segments and major users in financial statements for details on the Company’s business segments.
The Company uses the management approach to determine reportable operating segments. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting used by the Company’s CODM for making decisions, allocating resources and assessing performance.
Based on the management’s assessment, the Company determined that it has only one reportable operating segment, as defined by ASC 280. The following tables present the summary information by segment for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023:
| For the Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Sales and marketing expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Research and development expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total other income (expense), net | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Income tax expense | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
The Company’s long-lived assets are all located in Hong Kong.
| F-33 |
6. PREPAID EXPENSES AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, prepaid expenses and other current assets were comprised of the following:
| As of March 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Prepaid insurance expenses(i) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deposit | ||||||||
| Other prepayments | ||||||||
Amount due from Sponsor, Nova Pulsar Holdings Limited(ii) | ||||||||
| Others | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| (i) |
(ii) |
In
March 2024, the sponsor of Nova Vision issued a promissory note of $ |
7. DUE FROM A RELATED PARTY
Immediately after giving effect to the
Business Combination, Nova Pulsar Holdings Limited (“Sponsor”) became a shareholder of the Company. In April 2024, the
Sponsor issued a promissory note of $
Subsequently, on June 5, 2025, the Company, through Real Messenger exercised the right to convert all the promissory notes by receiving shares of Class A ordinary share of the Company.
8. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, property and equipment, net was comprised of the following:
| As of March 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Office equipment | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
For
the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized depreciation expenses of $
9. LEASE
Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. ROU asset represents the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Generally, the implicit rate of interest (“discount rate”) in arrangements is not readily determinable and the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on its understanding of what its credit rating would be. The operating lease ROU asset includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives.
During
the year ended March 31, 2025, the Company entered into a commercial operating lease with an independent third party for the use of an
office in Hong Kong. The lease term of this operating lease is
Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases was as follows:
| As of March 31, 2025 | ||||
| Operating lease: | ||||
| Right-of-use asset, net | $ | |||
| Operating lease liabilities: | ||||
| Current operating lease liabilities | $ | |||
| Non-current operating lease liabilities | ||||
| $ | ||||
For the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024, and
2023, the Company’s total cash outflow for leases were $
Operating
lease expense for the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were $
| F-34 |
Other supplemental information about the Company’s operating lease as of March 31, 2025 are as follow:
| Weighted average discount rate | % | |||
| Weighted average remaining lease term (years) |
The following table summarizes the future minimum lease payments due under the Company’s operating leases in the next five years:
| Year ending March 31, | ||||
| 2026 | $ | |||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| Total minimum finance lease liabilities payment | ||||
| Less: imputed interest | ( | ) | ||
| Future minimum lease liabilities | $ |
10. CONVERTIBLE PROMISSORY NOTES PAYABLE
| As of March 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Edinburgh DH Holdings Limited | $ | $ | ||||||
| Fantastic Global Venture Limited | ||||||||
| Mercatus Group LLC | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
On
October 4, 2023, the Company issued convertible promissory notes in an aggregate principal amount of $
On
June 28, 2024 and July 9, 2024, the Company issued convertible promissory notes of $
On
November 19, 2024, in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company issued an aggregate
Class A Ordinary Shares to convert all the convertible promissory notes payable with the conversion prices ranging from $
For
the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, interest expense on convertible promissory notes were $
11. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
Ordinary Shares
The Company’s authorized share capital is ordinary shares consisting of (i) Class A Ordinary Shares with a par value of $ per share and (ii) Class B Ordinary Shares with a par value of $ per share.
On the Closing Date, pursuant to the Business Combination (see Note 4), the following share transactions were completed:
| ● | and Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares, respectively were issued, among which Class B Ordinary Shares are holdback shares in escrow for eighteen months from the Closing Date; and | |
| ● |
Class A Ordinary Shares were issued to convert all the convertible promissory notes payable with the conversion prices ranging from
$ |
Holders
of Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. In respect of matters
requiring a shareholder vote, each Class A Ordinary Shares will be entitled to one (
| F-35 |
As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, and shares of Class A Ordinary Shares were issued and outstanding, respectively.
As of March 31, 2025, 4,500,000 and Class B Ordinary Shares were issued and outstanding, respectively, among which issued ordinary shares are holdback shares in escrow. As of March 31, 2024, Class B Ordinary Shares were issued and outstanding.
The numbers of shares are presented on a retroactive basis to reflect the reverse recapitalization as described in Note 4.
Warrants
Each
public warrant entitles the holder thereof to purchase one-half of one ordinary share at a price of $
Once
the warrants become exercisable, the Company may call the warrants for redemption (excluding the private warrants), in whole and not
in part, at a price of $
| ● | at any time while the public warrants are exercisable, |
| ● | upon not less than 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption to each public warrant holder, |
| ● | if, and only if, the reported last sale price of the ordinary shares equals or exceeds $ per share, for any 20 trading days within a 30 trading day period ending on the third trading day prior to the notice of redemption to public warrant holders, and |
| ● | if, and only if, there is a current registration statement in effect with respect to the issuance of the ordinary shares underlying such warrants at the time of redemption and for the entire 30-day trading period referred to above and continuing each day thereafter until the date of redemption. |
The private warrants are identical to the public warrants. The private warrants (including the ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the private warrants) are not transferable, assignable or salable until 30 days after the completion of the Business Combination, subject to certain limited exceptions.
If the Company calls the public warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the public warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the warrant agreement. The exercise price and number of ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a share dividend, extraordinary dividend or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuances of ordinary shares at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrants. The Company assessed the key terms applicable to the public warrants as well as the private warrants and believes the public warrants and private warrants should be classified as equity in accordance with ASC 480 and ASC 815.
As of March 31, 2025, there were
The Company applies the two-class method when computing net loss per share attributable to the shareholders when shares are issued that meet the definition of a participating security. The two-class method determines net loss per share for each class of ordinary shares and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires earnings available to the shareholders for the period to be allocated between ordinary share and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all earnings for the period had been distributed.
| For the Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Numerator: | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Less: Net loss attributable to holdback shares | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to the Company’s shareholders | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Denominator: | ||||||||||||
| Weighted average ordinary shares outstanding – Basic and diluted | ||||||||||||
| Net loss per share – Basic and diluted | $ | ) | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||||
For
the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, diluted weighted average ordinary shares outstanding were equal to basic weighted average
ordinary shares due to the Company’s net loss position. Hence, no ordinary shares equivalents were included in the computation
of diluted net loss per share since such inclusion would have been antidilutive. Shares related information for all periods retrospectively
reflects the adjustments for Reverse Recapitalization (Note 4). The Company had holdback shares outstanding as of and for the
year ended March 31, 2025. The holdback shares contain a non-forfeitable right to dividends and hence are considered as participating
securities. The two-class method was applied to compute basic earnings per share attributable to ordinary shareholders.
13. INCOME TAXES
Cayman Islands
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains, or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the Government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or, after execution, brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. No stamp duty is payable in the Cayman Islands on the issue of shares by, or any transfers of shares of, Cayman Islands companies (except those which hold interests in land in the Cayman Islands). There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
Payments of dividends and capital in respect of the Company’s Ordinary Shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of the Company’s Ordinary Shares, as the case may be, nor will gains derived from the disposal of the Company’s Ordinary Shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.
The United States
For the U.S. jurisdiction, Real USA is subject to federal income taxes on its business operations at a statutory rate of 21%. Based on management’s analysis, no recent U.S. tax law changes have had a material impact on the Company’s tax position. The Company will continue to monitor for any future tax legislation that could affect its operations.
As
a result of the Tax Act, the Company has evaluated whether it has an additional tax liability from the Global Intangible Low Taxed Income
(“GILTI”) inclusion on current earnings and profits of its foreign controlled corporations. The law also provides that corporate
taxpayers may benefit from a
Hong Kong
Real
Corporation HK and Hohojo are incorporated in Hong Kong and are subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax on the taxable income as reported in
its statutory financial statements adjusted in accordance with relevant Hong Kong tax laws. For the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024
and 2023, Hong Kong profits tax is calculated in accordance with the two-tiered profits tax rates regime. The applicable tax rate for
the first HKD
| F-36 |
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the components of the loss before income taxes are as follows:
| For the Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Cayman | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||
| Hong Kong subsidiaries | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| USA subsidiary | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, income tax expenses consist of the following:
| For the Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Current income expenses | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Deferred income tax expenses | ||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
A reconciliation of the difference between the expected income tax expense computed at applicable statutory income tax rates and the Company’s income tax expenses is shown in the following table:
| For the Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Loss before income tax expenses | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Income tax computed at statutory income tax rate (a) | ( | ) | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||
| Effect of preferential tax benefits | ||||||||||||
| Effect of differences in income tax rates in other jurisdictions | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Effect of prior year true up | ( |
) | ||||||||||
| Effect of change in valuation allowance | ||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| (a) |
Deferred tax assets as of March 31, 2025 and 2024 consist of the following:
| As of March 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Net operating losses carryforwards | $ | $ | ||||||
| Excess research and development expenses | ||||||||
| Less: allowance on deferred tax assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
The movement of valuation allowance is as follows:
| As of March 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Balance at beginning of the year | $ | $ | ||||||
| Current year addition | ||||||||
| Balance at end of the year | $ | $ | ||||||
| F-37 |
As
of March 31, 2025, the Company had net operating losses of $
As
of March 31, 2025, the net operating losses of $
The Company evaluates its valuation allowance requirements at end of each reporting period by reviewing all available evidence, both positive and negative, and considering whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance is needed. When circumstances cause a change in management’s judgement about the realizability of deferred tax assets, the impact of the change on the valuation allowance is generally reflected in income from operations. The future realization of the tax benefit of an existing deductible temporary difference ultimately depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character within the carryforward period available under applicable tax law. As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, due to uncertainties surrounding future utilization on Real USA, Real Corporation HK and Hohojo, the Company accrued full valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets based upon management’s assessment as to their realization.
The Company evaluates each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measures the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not have any unrecognized uncertain tax positions and the Company does not believe that its unrecognized tax benefits will change over the next twelve months. For the years ended March 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not incur any interest and penalties related to any potential underpaid income tax expenses. As of March 31, 2025, the tax years ended March 31, 2019 through March 31,2025 are subject to examination by the HK authorities and the tax year ended December 31, 2022 through December 31, 2024 is subject to examination by the US tax authorities.
14. RELATED PARTIES
| 1) | Nature of relationships with related parties |
| Name | Relationship with the Company | |
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | ||
| Mui Ko | ||
| Edinburgh DH Holdings Limited | ||
| Fantastic Global Venture Limited | ||
| TKO Investments Limited | ||
| Bloomington DH Holdings Limited | ||
| Nova Pulsar Holdings Limited | ||
| True Blue Entertainment, LLC (“True Blue”) |
| * |
| 2) | Transactions with related parties |
| For the Years Ended March 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Borrowings from related parties (a) | ||||||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Mui Ko | ||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Repayment of borrowings from related parties | ||||||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Mui Ko | ||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Payment of operating expenses on behalf of the Company (b) | ||||||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Payment of deferred offering costs (b) | ||||||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
Payment of SPAC extension fee, as part of deferred offering costs | ||||||||||||
| Nova Pulsar Holdings Limited | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Purchase of convertible promissory note issued by the Company | ||||||||||||
| TKO Investment Limited | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Fantastic Global Venture Limited | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Edinburgh DH Holdings Limited | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Payment of marketing expenses | ||||||||||||
| True Blue | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment on behalf of the Company (b) | ||||||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Interest expense of convertible promissory notes - related parties | ||||||||||||
| Edinburgh DH Holdings Limited | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Fantastic Global Venture Limited | ||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| (a) | |
| (b) |
| F-38 |
| 3) | Balances with related parties |
As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, the balances due from (to) related parties were as follows:
| As of March 31, | ||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | |||||||
| Due from a related party | ||||||||
| Nova Pulsar Holdings Limited | $ | $ | ||||||
| Due to related parties | ||||||||
| Kwai Hoi, Ma | $ | $ | ||||||
| Edinburgh DH Holdings Limited | ||||||||
| Fantastic Global Venture Limited | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
| 4) | Convertible promissory notes with related parties |
On
October 4, 2023, the Company issued convertible promissory notes in an aggregate principal amount of $
On
June 28, 2024, the Company issued convertible promissory note of $
On
November 19, 2024, in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company issued an aggregate Class A Ordinary Shares to convert all the convertible promissory notes payable with the conversion prices ranging from $
For
the years ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, interest expense on convertible promissory notes were $
15. CONCENTRATIONS OF RISKS
The Company is exposed to the following concentrations of risks:
| (a) | Credit risk |
Financial
instruments that potentially subject the Company to credit risk consist of cash. Cash are maintained with high credit quality
institutions in Hong Kong. Effective from October 1, 2024, the Hong Kong Deposit Protection Board pays compensation up to a limit of
HK$
| F-39 |
| (b) | Economic and political risk |
The Company’s major operations are conducted in Hong Kong. Accordingly, the political, economic, and legal environments in Hong Kong, as well as the general state of Hong Kong’s economy may influence the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.
| (c) | Exchange rate risk |
The Company cannot guarantee that the current exchange rate will remain steady; therefore there is a possibility that the Company could post the same amount of profit for two comparable periods and because of the fluctuating exchange rate actually post higher or lower profit depending on exchange rate of HKD converted to US$ on that date. The exchange rate could fluctuate depending on changes in political and economic environments without notice.
16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Lease commitments
The Company entered into a commercial operating lease for the use of an office located in Hong Kong with terms ended 2028. The Company’s minimum lease payment commitments under the operating leases as of March 31, 2025 is set forth in the “Note 9 - Leases”.
Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to loss contingencies, such as certain legal proceedings, claims and disputes. The Company records a liability for such loss contingencies when the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. Although the outcomes of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted, the Company does not believe these actions, in the aggregate, will have a material adverse impact on its financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
17. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In accordance with ASC Topic 855, Subsequent Events, which establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before the consolidated financial statements are issued, the Company has evaluated all events or transactions that occurred after March 31, 2025, up to the report issuance date.
Subsequently, on June 5, 2025, the Company, through Real Messenger exercised the right to convert certain promissory notes by receiving shares of Class A ordinary share of the Company (see Note 7).
On May 7, 2025, the Company filed the S-8 registration statements for the purpose of registering an aggregate of Class A ordinary shares at a par value of $ per share, and reserved for issuance pursuant to awards that may be granted under the Real Messenger Corporation 2023 Equity Incentive Plan.
| F-40 |
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 6. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability. Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. The Memorandum and Articles of Association provides that every director (including for the purposes of the Article any alternate director appointed pursuant to the provisions of the Articles), secretary, assistant secretary, or other officer for the time being and from time to time of the Company (but not including the Company’s auditors) and the personal representatives of the same (each an “Indemnified Person”) shall be indemnified and secured harmless against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, expenses, losses, damages or liabilities incurred or sustained by such Indemnified Person, other than by reason of such Indemnified Person’s own dishonesty, wilful default or fraud, in or about the conduct of the Company’s business or affairs (including as a result of any mistake of judgment) or in the execution or discharge of his duties, powers, authorities or discretions, including without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, any costs, expenses, losses or liabilities incurred by such Indemnified Person in defending (whether successfully or otherwise) any civil proceedings concerning the Company or its affairs in any court whether in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere. No Indemnified Person shall be liable for, among other things, for the acts, receipts, neglects, defaults or omissions of any other director or officer or agent of the Company, and for any loss occasioned by any negligence, default, breach of duty, breach of trust, error of judgement or oversight on such Indemnified Person’s part, unless the same shall happen through such Indemnified Person’s own dishonesty, wilful default or fraud.
Pursuant to the indemnification agreements, the form of which is filed as an exhibit to this Registration Statement, we agree to indemnify our directors and executive officers against certain liabilities and expenses incurred by such persons in connection with claims made by reason of their being such a director or officer.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
ITEM 7. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
During the past three years, we have issued the following securities which were not registered under the Securities Act. We believe that each of the following issuances was exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Regulation S under the Securities Act or pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act regarding transactions not involving a public offering. No underwriter was involved in these issuances of securities.
| II-1 |
| (1) | Ordinary Shares issued at the closing of the Business Combination either as part of the Redomestication Merger or as merger consideration for the Acquisition Merger: |
Class A Ordinary Shares:
| Shareholder | Number of Class A Ordinary Shares | |||
| Arcadia Securities LLC | 13,750 | |||
| Madockawando Holdings LLC | 3,080 | |||
| Tin Lun Brian Cheng | 10,000 | |||
| EF Hutton LLC | 13,750 | |||
| Michael Fontaine | 110 | |||
| Philip Richard Herbert | 10,000 | |||
| Scott Katzmann | 1,320 | |||
| Keep a Child Alive Inc | 10,638 | |||
| Kingswood Capital | 862 | |||
| Harris Lydon | 1,320 | |||
| Chun Fung Horace Ma | 20,000 | |||
| Poseidon Ocean Corporation | 200,000 | |||
| Graham Powis | 935 | |||
| Zachary Ross-Nash | 500 | |||
| Patrick Sturgeon | 3,960 | |||
| Samuel Wertheimer | 275 | |||
| Eric Ping Hang Wong | 100,000 | |||
| Nova Pulsar Holdings Limited | 1,445,879 | |||
Class B Ordinary Shares:
| Shareholder | Number of Class B Ordinary Shares | |
| Bloomington DH Holdings Limited | 3,300,000 (of which 330,000 are holdback shares retained in escrow) | |
| Edinburgh DH Holdings Limited | 1,200,000 (of which 120,000 are holdback shares retained in escrow |
| (2) | Class A Ordinary Shares issued after the Business Combination: |
| Shareholder | Date of Issuance | Number of Ordinary Shares | Consideration | |||||
| Fredrik Eklund | April 23, 2025 | 250,000 | In settlement of prior employment agreement with the Company | |||||
| (3) | Convertible Promissory Notes: |
| Recipient | Date of Issuance | Aggregate Principal Amount | ||||
| Edinburgh DH Holdings Limited | October 4, 2023 | $ | 1,000,000 | |||
| Fantastic Global Venture Limited | October 4, 2023 | $ | 3,500,000 | |||
| Mercatus Group LLC | October 4, 2023 | $ | 500,000 | |||
| TKO Investments Limited | June 28, 2024 | $ | 4,500,000 | |||
| Compass AI Venture Incorporation | July 9, 2024 | $ | 2,500,000 | |||
| II-2 |
ITEM 8. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
(a) Exhibits
The following exhibits are filed as part of this Registration Statement:
| * | Filed herein |
(b) Financial Statement Schedules
Schedules have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in the consolidated financial statements or the notes thereto.
| II-3 |
ITEM 9. Undertakings
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
| (1) | For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this Registration Statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective. |
| (2) | For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
| (3) | For the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use. |
| (4) | For the purpose of determining any liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this Registration Statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: |
| (i.) | Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; | |
| (ii.) | Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; | |
| (iii.) | The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and | |
| (iv.) | Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. |
| II-4 |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Hong Kong, on May 26, 2026.
| Real Messenger Corporation | ||
| By: | /s/ Kwai Hoi Ma | |
| Name: | Kwai Hoi Ma | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors | |
Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints each of Kwai Hoi Ma and Yee Ling Ho as attorneys-in-fact with full power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to do any and all acts and all things and to execute any and all instruments which said attorney and agent may deem necessary or desirable to enable the registrant to comply with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and any rules, regulations, and requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder, in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of ordinary shares of the registrant (the “Shares”), including, without limitation, the power and authority to sign the name of each of the undersigned in the capacities indicated below to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 (the “Registration Statement”) to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to such Shares, to any and all amendments or supplements to such Registration Statement, whether such amendments or supplements are filed before or after the effective date of such Registration Statement, to any related Registration Statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, and to any and all instruments or documents filed as part of or in connection with such Registration Statement or any and all amendments thereto, whether such amendments are filed before or after the effective date of such Registration Statement; and each of the undersigned hereby ratifies and confirms all that such attorney and agent shall do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
| /s/ Kwai Hoi Ma | Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Directors | May 26, 2026 | ||
| Kwai Hoi Ma | (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
| /s/ Yee Ling Ho | Acting Chief Financial Officer | May 26, 2026 | ||
| Yee Ling Ho | (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | |||
| /s/ Felix Tak Shing Ko | Independent Director | May 26, 2026 | ||
| Felix Tak Shing Ko | ||||
| /s/ Wai Keung David Chung | Independent Director | May 26, 2026 | ||
| Wai Keung David Chung | ||||
| /s/ Chun Fung Horace Ma | Independent Director | May 26, 2026 | ||
| Chun Fung Horace Ma |
| II-5 |
SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE UNITED STATES
Pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of America, has signed this registration statement thereto in New York, NY on May 26, 2026.
Authorized U.S. Representative Cogency Global Inc. | ||
| By: | /s/ Colleen A. De Vries | |
| Name: | Colleen A. De Vries | |
| Title: | Senior Vice President | |
| II-6 |
Exhibit 1.1
[ ], 2026
Mr. Thomas Ma
Chief Executive Officer
Real Messenger Corporation
695 Town Center Drive, Suite 1200
Costa Mesa, CA 92626
Dear Mr. Ma:
This letter (the “Agreement”) constitutes the agreement between Maxim Group LLC (“Maxim” or the “Placement Agent”) and Real Messenger Corporation, a Cayman Islands company (the “Company”), pursuant to which the Placement Agent shall serve as the sole placement agent for the Company, on a “reasonable best efforts” basis, in connection with the proposed placement (the “Placement”) of [ ] Class A ordinary shares (the “Shares”) of the Company, par value US$0.0001 per share (the “Ordinary Shares”), up to [ ] warrants (the “Warrants”), with each such Warrant representing the right of the holder thereof to purchase one Ordinary Share, and up to [ ] pre-funded warrants (the “Pre-funded Warrants”), with each such Pre-funded Warrant representing the right of the holder thereof to purchase one Ordinary Share (the “Offering”). The Ordinary Shares underlying the Warrants and the Pre-funded Warrant issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and the Pre-funded Warrants are hereinafter referred to as “Warrant Shares.” The Shares, the Warrants and Pre-funded Warrants are collectively called hereinafter as “Securities.” The terms of the Placement and the Securities shall be mutually agreed upon by the Company and the purchasers (each, a “Purchaser” and collectively, the “Purchasers”) and nothing herein constitutes that the Placement Agent would have the power or authority to bind the Company or any Purchaser or an obligation for the Company to issue any Securities or complete the Placement. This Agreement and the documents executed and delivered by the Company and the Purchasers in connection with the Placement, including but not limited to the Purchase Agreement (as defined below) and the Lock-Up Agreements shall be collectively referred to herein as the “Transaction Documents.” The date of the closing of the Placement shall be referred to herein as the “Closing Date.” The Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that the Placement Agent’s obligations hereunder are on a reasonable best efforts basis only and that the execution of this Agreement does not constitute a commitment by the Placement Agent to purchase the Securities and does not ensure the successful placement of the Securities or any portion thereof or the success of the Placement Agent’s with respect to securing any other financing on behalf of the Company. The Placement Agent may retain other brokers or dealers to act as sub-agents or selected-dealers on its behalf in connection with the Placement. The sale of the Securities to any Purchaser will be evidenced by a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) between the Company and such Purchaser in a form reasonably acceptable to the Company and the Placement Agent. Capitalized terms that are not otherwise defined herein have the meanings given to such terms in the Purchase Agreement. Prior to the signing of any Purchase Agreement, officers of the Company will be available to answer inquiries from prospective Purchasers.
SECTION 1. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY; COVENANTS OF THE COMPANY.
A. Representations of the Company. Each of the representations and warranties (together with any related disclosure schedules thereto) and covenants made by the Company to the Purchasers in the Purchase Agreement in connection with the Placement is hereby incorporated herein by reference into this Agreement (as though fully restated herein) and is, as of the date of this Agreement and as of the Closing Date, hereby made to, and in favor of, the Placement Agent. In addition to the foregoing, the Company represents and warrants that:
1. The Company has prepared and filed with the Commission a registration statement on Form F-1 (Registration No. 333-[●]) (as amended, including the exhibits thereto, the “Registration Statement”), registering the securities pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) for the registration of the Securities, and the Registration Statement became effective on [ ]. At the time of such filing, the Company met the requirements of Form F-1 under the Securities Act. The Company will file with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act, and the rules and regulations (the “Rules and Regulations”) of the Commission promulgated thereunder, a supplement to the form of prospectus included in such Registration Statement relating to the placement of the Shares and the Warrant Shares and the plan of distribution thereof and has advised the Placement Agent of all further information (financial and other) with respect to the Company required to be set forth therein. Such prospectus in the form in which it appears in the Registration Statement is hereinafter called the “Base Prospectus”; and the supplemented form of prospectus, in the form in which it will be filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) (including the Base Prospectus as so supplemented) is hereinafter called the “Prospectus Supplement.” Any reference in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement shall each be deemed to refer to and include the documents incorporated by reference therein (the “Incorporated Documents”) pursuant to Item 5 of Form F-1 which were filed under the Exchange Act on or before the date of this Agreement, or the issue date of the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement, as the case may be; and any reference in this Agreement to the terms “amend,” “amendment” or “supplement” with respect to the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement shall be deemed to refer to and include the filing of any document under the Exchange Act after the date of this Agreement, or the issue date of the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement, as the case may be, deemed to be incorporated therein by reference. All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information which is “contained,” “included,” “described,” “referenced,” “set forth” or “stated” in the Registration Statements, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information which is or is deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statements, the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement, as the case may be. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the use of the Base Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement has been issued, and no proceeding for any such purpose is pending or has been initiated or, to the Company’s knowledge, is threatened by the Commission.
2. The Registration Statement (and any further documents to be filed with the Commission) contains all exhibits and schedules as required by the Securities Act. Each of the Registration Statements and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time it became effective, complied in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations and did not and, as amended or supplemented, if applicable, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Registration Statement, Base Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, each as of its respective date, comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations. Each of the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, as amended or supplemented, did not and will not contain as of the date thereof any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Incorporated Documents, when they were filed with the Commission, conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations, and none of such documents, when they were filed with the Commission, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein (with respect to Incorporated Documents incorporated by reference in the Base Prospectus or Prospectus Supplement), in the light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading; and any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Registration Statements, the Base Prospectus, or Prospectus Supplement, when such documents are filed with the Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the applicable Rules and Regulations, as applicable, and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. No post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement reflecting any facts or events arising after the date thereof which represent, individually or in the aggregate, a fundamental change in the information set forth therein is required to be filed with the Commission. There are no documents required to be filed with the Commission in connection with the transaction contemplated hereby that (x) have not been filed as required pursuant to the Securities Act or (y) will not be filed within the requisite time period. There are no contracts or other documents required to be described in the Registration Statements, the Base Prospectus, or Prospectus Supplement, or to be filed as exhibits or schedules to the Registration Statement, which (x) have not been described or filed as required or (y) will not be filed within the requisite time period.
3. The Company is eligible to use free writing prospectuses in connection with the Placement pursuant to Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act. Any free writing prospectus that the Company is required to file pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act has been, or will be, filed with the Commission in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Each free writing prospectus that the Company has filed, or is required to file, pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act or that was prepared by or behalf of or used by the Company complies or will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. The Company will not, without the prior consent of the Placement Agent, prepare, use or refer to, any free writing prospectus.
4. There are no affiliations with any FINRA member firm among the Company’s officers, directors or, to the knowledge of the Company, any ten percent (10.0%) or greater shareholder of the Company, except as set forth in the Registration Statement and SEC Reports.
B. Covenants of the Company.
1. The Company has delivered, or will as promptly as practicable deliver, to the Placement Agent complete conformed copies of the Registration Statement and of each consent and certificate of experts, as applicable, filed as a part thereof, and conformed copies of the Registration Statement (without exhibits), the Registration Statements, the Base Prospectus, and the Prospectus Supplement, as amended or supplemented, in such quantities and at such places as the Placement Agent reasonably requests. Neither the Company nor any of its directors and officers has distributed and none of them will distribute, prior to the Closing Date, any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities pursuant to the Placement other than the Registration Statements, the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement, the Registration Statement, copies of the documents incorporated by reference therein and any other materials permitted by the Securities Act.
2. Concurrently with or as soon as practicable after the filing of the Registration Statement with the Commission, the Company shall make all necessary state “blue sky” securities law filings with respect to the Securities to be sold in the Offering. The Company and Maxim will cooperate in obtaining the necessary approvals and qualifications in such states as mutually deemed necessary and/or desirable.
3. During the forty-five (45) - day period prior to the filing of the Registration Statement with the Commission, and at all times thereafter prior and following to the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the Company and its officers, directors and related parties will abide by all rules and regulations of the Commission relating to public offerings, including, without limitation, those relating to public statements (i.e., “gun jumping”) and disclosures of material non-public information.
4. The Company will not issue press releases or engage in any other publicity, without Maxim’s prior written consent, commencing on the date hereof and continuing for a period of forty-five (45) days from Closing, other than normal and customary releases issued in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. The Company covenants to adhere to all “gun jumping” and “quiet period” rules and regulations of the Commission prior to, during and following the filing of the Registration Statement and the consummation of the Offering. This restriction shall apply only to deal-related announcements and shall not prevent the Company from issuing press releases in the ordinary course of business or as required by law.
SECTION 2. REPRESENTATIONS OF THE PLACEMENT AGENT. The Placement Agent represents and warrants that it (i) is a member in good standing of FINRA, (ii) is registered as a broker/dealer under the Exchange Act, (iii) is licensed as a broker/dealer under the laws of the States applicable to the offers and sales of the Securities by such Placement Agent, (iv) is and will be a body corporate validly existing under the laws of its place of incorporation, and (v) has full power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement. The Placement Agent will immediately notify the Company in writing of any change in its status as such. The Placement Agent covenants that it will use its reasonable best efforts to conduct the Placement hereunder in compliance with the provisions of this Agreement and the requirements of applicable law.
SECTION 3. COMPENSATION. In consideration of the services to be provided for hereunder, the Company shall pay to the Placement Agent or its designees the following compensation with respect to the Securities which the Placement Agent is placing:
A. A cash fee (the “Cash Fee”) equal to an aggregate of six and one-half percent (6.5%) of the aggregate gross proceeds raised in the Placement. The Cash Fee shall be paid at the Closing of the Placement.
B. Such number of warrants (the “Placement Agent Warrants”) to the Placement Agent or its designees at the Closing Date to purchase Ordinary Shares equal to 3.0% of the aggregate number of Ordinary Shares sold in the Offering. The Placement Agent’s Warrants will be non-exercisable for six (6) months after the effective date of the Registration Statement and will expire three (3) years after such date. Except as otherwise provided in this Section 3B, the Placement Agent’s Warrants will be exercisable at the same price and on the same terms as the warrants issued to Purchaser in connection with the Offering. The Placement Agent’s Warrants shall not be redeemable. The Company will register the Ordinary Shares underlying the Placement Agent’s Warrants under the Securities Act and will file all necessary undertakings in connection therewith. The Placement Agent’s Warrants and the Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Placement Agent Warrants have been deemed compensation by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), and therefore are subject to a 180-day lock-up pursuant to Rule 5110(e)(1) of FINRA, pursuant to which they may not be transferred, assigned or hypothecated for a period of one eighty (180) days following the Closing, except that they may be assigned, in whole or in part, to any successor, officer, manager or member of Maxim (or to officers, managers or members of any such successor or member), and to members of the underwriting syndicate or selling group, subject to certain exceptions set forth in FINRA Rule 5110(e)(2). The Placement Agent’s Warrants may be exercised as to all or a lesser number of Ordinary Shares, will provide for cashless exercise and will contain provisions for a maximum of two demand registrations of the sale of the underlying Ordinary Shares each at the warrant holders’ expense, and unlimited “piggyback” registration rights for a period of two (2) years after the Closing at the Company’s expense. The Placement Agent’s Warrants shall further provide for anti-dilution protection (adjustment in the number and price of such warrants and the shares underlying such warrants) resulting from corporate events (which would include dividends, reorganizations, mergers, etc.) and future issuance of common stock or common stock equivalents at prices (or with exercise and/or conversion prices) below the offering price.
C. Subject to compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(f)(2)(D), the Company also agrees to reimburse the Placement Agent for up to $80,000 for the reasonable and accounted fees and expenses of legal counsel in the event of a Closing. The Company will reimburse Placement Agent directly out of the Closing of the Placement. In the event that there is not a Closing, the Company agrees to reimburse the Placement Agent for up to $50,000 for the reasonable and accounted fees and expenses of legal counsel.
D. Upon the Closing of the Placement or Alternative Transaction (as defined below), for a period of nine (9) months from such Closing the Company grants the Placement Agent the right of first refusal to act as sole managing underwriter and sole book runner, sole placement agent, or sole sales agent, for any and all future public or private equity, equity-linked offerings for which the Company retains the service of an underwriter, agent, advisor, finder or other person or entity in connection with such offering during such nine (9) month period of the Company, or any successor to or any subsidiary of the Company. The Company shall not offer to retain any entity or person in connection with any such offering on terms more favorable than terms on which it offers to retain the Placement Agent. Such offer shall be made in writing in order to be effective. The Placement Agent shall notify the Company within ten (10) business days of its receipt of the written offer contemplated above as to whether or not it agrees to accept such retention. If the Placement Agent should decline such retention, the Company shall have no further obligations to the Placement Agent with respect to the offering for which it has offered to retain the Placement Agent, except as otherwise provided for herein. “Alternative Transaction” shall mean an alternative offering (registered or unregistered) of its equity, equity-linked, convertible or debt securities or a reverse merger. The right of first refusal provided for in this Section 3D shall apply only to pure third party capital-raising activities initiated by the Company and shall exclude strategic transactions such as mergers, joint ventures, or acquisitions; and more specifically, shall exclude any capital-raising activities initiated by the Company that are directly related or connected to any merger, joint venture or acquisition. In addition, any capital raised by the Company from, or contributed to the Company by, Mr. Kwai Hoi Ma and/or any entity under his control shall be outside the scope of this Section 3D. In compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(6)(A), the duration of the right of first refusal shall in no event exceed three years from the commencement of sales of this offering or the termination date of the engagement between the Company and Maxim.
E. The Placement Agent reserves the right to reduce any item of its compensation or adjust the terms thereof as specified herein in the event that a determination shall be made by FINRA to the effect that the Placement Agent’s aggregate compensation is in excess of FINRA Rules or that the terms thereof require adjustment.
SECTION 4. INDEMNIFICATION. The Company agrees to the indemnification and other agreements set forth in the Indemnification Provisions (the “Indemnification”) attached hereto as Addendum A, the provisions of which are incorporated herein by reference and shall survive the termination or expiration of this Agreement.
SECTION 5. ENGAGEMENT TERM. The Placement Agent’s engagement hereunder shall be until the earlier of (i) the final Closing Date of the Placement and (ii) the date when either party terminates the engagement according to the terms of the next sentence (such date, the “Termination Date”). After June 13, 2026, the Agreement may be terminated at any time by either party upon ten (10) days’ written notice to the other party, effective upon receipt of written notice to that effect by the other party. The period described in the preceding two sentences shall represent the “Engagement Term.” The Agreement may not be earlier terminated except for Cause (defined below). If there is a Closing of the Placement, or if the Termination Date occurs prior to Closing of the Placement (other than for Cause), then if within nine (9) months following such time, the Company completes any public or private financing of equity, equity-linked, convertible or debt or other capital raising activity with, or receives any proceeds from, any of the investors contacted or introduced by the Placement Agent during the Engagement Term, then the Company will pay the Placement Agent upon the closing of such financing or receipt of such proceeds the compensation set forth in Section 3 herein. “Cause,” for the purpose of this Agreement, shall mean, as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction, the Placement Agent’s gross negligence, willful misconduct, or a material breach of this Agreement, after being notified in writing of such conduct, and not curing such alleged conduct within twenty (20) business days of notification of such alleged wrongful conduct. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the provisions concerning confidentiality, indemnification, contribution, future rights and the Company’s obligations to pay fees and reimburse expenses contained herein and the Company’s obligations contained in the Indemnification Provisions will survive any expiration or termination of this Agreement. The Placement Agent agrees not to use any confidential information concerning the Company provided to the Placement Agent by the Company for any purposes other than those contemplated under this Agreement.
SECTION 6. PLACEMENT AGENT INFORMATION. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if in the course of the Placement Agent’s performance of due diligence, the Placement Agent deems it necessary to terminate this Agreement, the Placement Agent may do so at any time upon immediate written notice. The Company agrees that any information or advice rendered by the Placement Agent in connection with this engagement is for the confidential use of the Company only in their evaluation of the Placement and, except as otherwise required by law, the Company will not disclose or otherwise refer to the advice or information in any manner without the Placement Agent’s prior written consent.
SECTION 7. NO FIDUCIARY RELATIONSHIP. This Agreement does not create, and shall not be construed as creating rights enforceable by any person or entity not a party hereto, except those entitled hereto by virtue of the Indemnification Provisions hereof. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Placement Agent is not and shall not be construed as a fiduciary of the Company and shall have no duties or liabilities to the equity holders or the creditors of the Company or any other person by virtue of this Agreement or the retention of the Placement Agent hereunder, all of which are hereby expressly waived.
SECTION 8. CLOSING. The obligations of the Placement Agent, and the closing of the sale of the Securities hereunder are subject to the accuracy, when made and on the Closing Date, of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company and its Subsidiaries contained herein and in the Purchase Agreement, to the accuracy of the statements of the Company and its Subsidiaries made in any certificates pursuant to the provisions hereof, to the performance by the Company and its Subsidiaries of their obligations hereunder, and to each of the following additional terms and conditions, except as otherwise disclosed to and acknowledged and waived by the Placement Agent.
A. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statements shall have been issued and no proceedings for that purpose shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission, and any request for additional information on the part of the Commission (to be included in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement or otherwise) shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of the Placement Agent. Any filings required to be made by the Company in connection with the Placement shall have been timely filed with the Commission.
B. The Placement Agent shall not have discovered and disclosed to the Company on or prior to the Closing Date that the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement or any amendment or supplement thereto contains an untrue statement of a fact which, in the opinion of counsel for the Placement Agent, is material or omits to state any fact which, in the opinion of such counsel, is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.
C. All corporate proceedings and other legal matters incident to the authorization, form, execution, delivery and validity of each of this Agreement, the Securities, the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement and all other legal matters relating to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby shall be reasonably satisfactory in all material respects to counsel for the Placement Agent, and the Company shall have furnished to such counsel all documents and information that they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters.
D. The Placement Agent shall have completed its due diligence investigation of the Company to the satisfaction of the Placement Agent and its counsel.
E. The Placement Agent shall have received legal opinions of (i) Loeb & Loeb LLP, the Company Counsel with respect to U.S. laws and securities matters (including, without limitation, a negative assurance letter or statement); and (ii) Ogier with respect to Cayman Islands laws, in each case addressed to the Placement Agent and each of the Purchasers, in a form satisfactory to Placement Agent’s counsel, Hunter Taubman Fischer & Li LLC, the Placement Agent, and the Purchasers.
F. On the date of this Agreement and on the Closing Date, the Placement Agent shall have received a “comfort” letter from the Marcum Asia CPAs LLP as of each such date, addressed to the Placement Agent and in form and substance satisfactory in all respects to the Placement Agent and Placement Agent’s counsel.
G. On the Closing Date, Placement Agent shall have received a certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, dated, as applicable, as of the date of such Closing, to the effect that, as of the date of this Agreement and as of the applicable date, the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein and in the Purchase Agreement were and are accurate in all material respects, except for such changes as are contemplated by this Agreement and except as to representations and warranties that were expressly limited to a state of facts existing at a time prior to the applicable Closing Date, and that, as of the applicable date, the obligations to be performed by the Company hereunder on or prior thereto have been fully performed in all material respects.
H. On the Closing Date, Placement Agent shall have received a certificate of an Officer of the Company, dated, as applicable, as of the date of such Closing, certifying to, among others, the organizational documents and board resolutions relating to the Placement of the Securities from the Company.
I. Reserved.
J. Reserved.
K. On the Closing Date, Placement Agent shall have received a certificate of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, dated, as applicable, as of the date of such Closing, certifying to, the Company’s eligibility to use the Registration Statement.
L. Lock-Up Agreements. The Company and its directors and officers and any other holder(s) of five percent (5.0%) or more of the outstanding Ordinary Shares of the Company as of the effective date of the Registration Statement (and all holders of securities exercisable for or convertible into Ordinary Shares) shall enter into lock up agreements pursuant to which such persons and entities shall agree, for a period of six (6) months after the Offering is completed, that they shall neither offer, issue, sell, contract to sell, encumber, grant any option for the sale of or otherwise dispose of any securities of the Company without the Placement Agent’s prior written consent, including the issuance of Ordinary Shares upon the exercise of currently outstanding options approved by the Placement Agent. On or before the date hereof, the Placement Agent shall have received, and the Company shall have caused to be delivered to the Placement Agent, the lock-up agreements from the persons specified above in form and substance satisfactory to the Placement Agent.
M. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries (i) shall have sustained since the date of the latest audited financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statements the Base Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, any loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood, terrorist act or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor dispute or court or governmental action, order or decree, otherwise than as set forth in or contemplated by the Registration Statements, the Base Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, or (ii) since such date there shall not have been any change in the capital stock or long-term debt of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any change, or any development involving a prospective change, in or affecting the business, general affairs, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its Subsidiaries, otherwise than as set forth in or contemplated by the Registration Statements, the Base Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, the effect of which, in any such case described in clause (i) or (ii), is, in the judgment of the Placement Agent, so material and adverse as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the sale or delivery of the Securities on the terms and in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statements, the Base Prospectus, and Prospectus Supplement.
N. The Company’s Ordinary Shares are registered under the Exchange Act and, as of the Closing Date, the Company has submitted the notification of listing of Shares including the Warrant Shares to the Trading Market or other U.S. applicable national exchange and has not received any information indicating that the such listing of the Shares will be rejected and satisfactory evidence of such action shall have been provided to the Placement Agent. The Company shall have taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of terminating the registration of the Ordinary Shares under the Exchange Act or delisting or suspending from trading the Ordinary Shares from the Trading Market or other applicable U.S. national exchange, nor has the Company received any information suggesting that the Commission or the Trading Market or other U.S. applicable national exchange is contemplating terminating such registration or listing.
O. No action shall have been taken and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any governmental agency or body which would, as of the Closing Date, prevent the issuance or sale of the Securities or materially and adversely affect or potentially and adversely affect the business or operations of the Company; and no injunction, restraining order or order of any other nature by any federal or state court of competent jurisdiction shall have been issued as of the Closing Date which would prevent the issuance or sale of the Securities or materially and adversely affect or potentially and adversely affect the business or operations of the Company.
P. The Company shall have prepared and will file with the Commission a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K with respect to the Placement, including as exhibits thereto this Agreement and the Purchase Agreement.
Q. The Company shall have entered into a Purchase Agreement with each of the Purchasers and such agreements shall be in full force and effect and shall contain representations, warranties and covenants of the Company as agreed between the Company and the Purchasers.
R. Reserved.
S. Prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall have furnished to the Placement Agent such further information, certificates and documents as the Placement Agent may reasonably request.
If any of the conditions specified in this Section 8 shall not have been fulfilled when and as required by this Agreement, or if any of the certificates, opinions, written statements or letters furnished to the Placement Agent or to Placement Agent’s counsel pursuant to this Section 8 shall not be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Placement Agent and to Placement Agent’s counsel, all obligations of the Placement Agent hereunder may be cancelled by the Placement Agent at, or at any time prior to, the consummation of the Closing. Notice of such cancellation shall be given to the Company in writing or orally. Any such oral notice shall be confirmed promptly thereafter in writing.
SECTION 9. SUBSEQUENT EQUITY SALES
| (a) | From the date hereof until sixty (60) days after the Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents or file any registration statement, or amendment or supplement thereto, with the Commission, other than a prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) in connection with this offering. |
| (b) | From the date hereof until six (6) months after the Closing Date, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents (or a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive additional Ordinary Shares either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon and/or varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the Ordinary Shares at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities, or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Ordinary Shares or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit or at-the-market offering facility, whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price. Any Purchaser shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages. |
| (c) | Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 9 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance (as defined below) except that no Variable Rate Transaction shall be an Exempt Issuance. “Exempt Issuance” means the issuance of (a) Ordinary Shares or options to employees, officers or directors of the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company, provided, however, such issuance shall not exceed ten percent (10%) of the Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding as of the date hereof, (b) Ordinary Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants, and Pre-Funded Warrants securities upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection with stock splits or combinations) or to extend the term of such securities and (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that such securities are issued as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144) and carry no registration rights that require or permit the filing of any registration statement in connection therewith, and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equity holders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities. |
SECTION 10. ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTS. The Company will enter into any subscription, purchase, or other customary agreements as the Placement Agent and the Purchasers deem reasonably necessary or appropriate to consummate this offering, all of which will be in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Company, the Placement Agent, and the Purchasers. The Company agrees that the Placement Agent may rely upon, and is a third party beneficiary of, the representations and warranties, and applicable covenants, set forth in any such purchase, subscription or other agreement with Purchasers in this offering.
SECTION 11. GOVERNING LAW. This Agreement will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements made and to be performed entirely in such State. This Agreement may not be assigned by either party without the prior written consent of the other party. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto, and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Any right to trial by jury with respect to any dispute arising under this Agreement or any transaction or conduct in connection herewith is waived. Any dispute arising under this Agreement may be brought into the courts of the State of New York or into the Federal Court located in New York, New York and, by execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company hereby accepts for itself and in respect of its property, generally and unconditionally, the jurisdiction of aforesaid courts. Each party hereto hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by delivering a copy thereof via overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of a Transaction Document, then the prevailing party in such action or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for its attorney’s fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.
SECTION 12. ENTIRE AGREEMENT/MISC. This Agreement (including the attached Indemnification Provisions) embodies the entire agreement and understanding between the parties hereto, and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, relating to the subject matter hereof. If any provision of this Agreement is determined to be invalid or unenforceable in any respect, such determination will not affect such provision in any other respect or any other provision of this Agreement, which will remain in full force and effect. This Agreement may not be amended or otherwise modified or waived except by an instrument in writing signed by the Placement Agent and the Company. The representations, warranties, agreements and covenants contained herein shall survive the closing of the Placement and delivery of the Securities. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party, it being understood that both parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission or a .pdf format file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or .pdf signature page were an original thereof.
SECTION 11. CONFIDENTIALITY. The Placement Agent (i) will keep the Confidential Information (as such term is defined below) confidential and will not (except as required by applicable law or stock exchange requirement, regulation or legal process), without the Company’s prior written consent, disclose to any person any Confidential Information, and (ii) will not use any Confidential Information other than in connection with the Placement. The Placement Agent further agrees to disclose the Confidential Information only to its Representatives (as such term is defined below) who need to know the Confidential Information for the purpose of the Placement, and who are informed by the Placement Agent of the confidential nature of the Confidential Information. The term “Confidential Information” shall mean, all confidential, proprietary and non-public information (whether written, oral or electronic communications) furnished by the Company to a Placement Agent or its Representatives in connection with such Placement Agent’s evaluation of the Placement. Information communicated orally or otherwise than in writing, shall only be considered Confidential Information if such information is designated as being confidential at the time of disclosure (or promptly thereafter) and is reduced in writing and identified to the Placement Agent as being Confidential Information immediately after the initial disclosure. The term “Confidential Information” will not, however, include information which (i) is or becomes publicly available other than as a result of a disclosure by a Placement Agent or its Representatives in violation of this Agreement, (ii) is or becomes available to a Placement Agent or any of its Representatives on a non-confidential basis from a third-party, (iii) is known to a Placement Agent or any of its Representatives prior to disclosure by the Company or any of its Representatives, (iv) is or has been independently developed by a Placement Agent and/or the Representatives without use of any Confidential Information furnished to it by the Company, or (v) is required to be disclosed pursuant to applicable legal or regulatory authority. The term “Representatives” shall mean each Placement Agent’s directors, board committees, officers, employees, financial advisors, attorneys and accountants. This provision shall be in full force until the earlier of (a) the date that the Confidential Information ceases to be confidential and (b) two (2) years from the date hereof.
SECTION 12. NOTICES. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (a) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is sent to the email address specified on the signature pages attached hereto prior to 6:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a business day, (b) the next business day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is sent to the email address on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a business day or later than 6:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any business day, (c) the third business day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. internationally recognized air courier service, or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages hereto.
SECTION 13. PRESS ANNOUNCEMENTS. The Company agrees that the Placement Agent shall, from and after any Closing, have the right to reference the Placement and the Placement Agent’s role in connection therewith in the Placement Agent’s marketing materials and on its website and to place advertisements in financial and other newspapers and journals, in each case at its own expense.
[The remainder of this page has been intentionally left blank.]
Please confirm that the foregoing correctly sets forth our agreement by signing and returning to Maxim the enclosed copy of this Agreement.
| Very truly yours, | ||
| MAXIM GROUP LLC | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | Ritesh M. Veera | |
| Title: | Co-Head of Investment Banking | |
| Address for notice: | |
| 300 Park Ave, 16th Floor | |
| New York, NY 10022 | |
| Attention: James Siegel, General Counsel | |
| Email: jsiegel@maximgrp.com |
Accepted and Agreed to as of
the date first written above:
Real Messenger Corporation
| By: | ||
| Name: | Thomas Ma | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
Real Messenger Corporation
695 Town Center Drive, Suite 1200
Costa Mesa, CA 92626
Tel:
Attn: Thomas Ma
Email:
[Signature Page to Placement Agency Agreement Between
Real Messenger Corporation, and Maxim Group LLC]
ADDENDUM A
INDEMNIFICATION PROVISIONS
In connection with the engagement of Maxim Group LLC (the “Lead Manager”) by Real Messenger Corporation, a Cayman Islands company pursuant to a placement agency agreement dated as of the date hereof, between the Company and the Lead Manager, as it may be amended from time to time in writing (the “Agreement”), the Company hereby agrees as follows:
1. To the extent permitted by law, the Company will indemnify the Lead Manager and each of its affiliates, directors, officers, employees and controlling persons (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Section 20 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) against all losses, claims, damages, expenses and liabilities, as the same are incurred (including the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel), relating to or arising out of its activities hereunder or pursuant to the Agreement, except, with regard to the Lead Manager, to the extent that any losses, claims, damages, expenses or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) are found in a final judgment (not subject to appeal) by a court of law to have resulted primarily and directly from the Lead Manager’s willful misconduct or gross negligence in performing the services described herein, as the case may be.
2. Promptly after receipt by the Lead Manager of notice of any claim which may give rise to indemnification not involving a Third Party Claim (as defined below), the Lead Manager shall, as promptly as practicable following the date the Lead Manager has obtained knowledge of such claim, give written notice of such claim to the Company, but no failure to give such notice shall relieve the Company of any liability hereunder (except to the extent that the Company has suffered actual, irreversible and material economic prejudice thereby). The Lead Manager, at its cost, shall furnish to the Company in good faith and in reasonable detail such information as the Lead Manager may have with respect to such claim.
3. Promptly after receipt by the Lead Manager of notice of the commencement of any action, suit or proceeding involving a claim by a third party (each, a “Third Party Claim”) against it, the Lead Manager will give written notice to the Company of the commencement of such Third Party Claim, and shall give the Company such information with respect thereto as the Company may reasonably request, but no failure to give such notice shall relieve the Company of any liability hereunder (except to the extent the Company has suffered actual, irreversible and material economic prejudice thereby). The Company shall have the right, but not the obligation, to assume the defense and control the settlement of such Third Party Claim, at its cost and expense (and not as a reduction in the amount of indemnification available hereunder), using counsel selected by the Company and reasonably acceptable to the Lead Manager. If the Company desires to exercise its right to assume the defense and control the settlement of such Third Party Claim, the Company shall give written notice (the “Defense Notice”) to the Lead Manager within fourteen (14) calendar days of receipt of notice from the Lead Manager of the commencement of or assertion of any Third Party Claim stating that the Company shall be responsible for such Third Party Claim. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Lead Manager shall have the right: (i) to assume the defense and control the settlement of a Third Party Claim and (ii) to employ separate counsel at the Company’s reasonable expense (provided that the Company shall not be required to reimburse the expenses and costs of more than one law firm) and control its own defense of a Third Party Claim if (x) the named parties to any such action (including any impleaded parties) include both the Lead Manager and the Company, and the Lead Manager shall have been advised by counsel that there are one or more legal or equitable defenses available to the Lead Manager that are different from those available to the Company, (y) such Third Party Claim involves equitable or other non-monetary damages or in the reasonable judgment of the Lead Manager, such settlement would have a continuing material adverse effect on the Lead Manager’s business (including any material impairment of its relationships with customers and suppliers), or (z) in the reasonable judgment of the Lead Manager, the Company may not be able to satisfy fully such Third Party Claim. In addition, if the Company fails to give the Lead Manager the Defense Notice in accordance with the terms hereof, the Lead Manager shall have the right to assume control of the defense of and settle the Third Party Claim and all costs incurred in connection therewith shall constitute damages of the Lead Manager. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company acknowledges that it will advance any retainer fees required by legal counsel to the Lead Manager simultaneously with the engagement by the Lead Manager of such counsel, it being understood and agreed that the amount of such retainer shall not exceed $20,000 and that such retainer shall be credited to fees incurred with the balance (if any) refundable to the Company.
4. If at any time after the Company assumes the defense of a Third Party Claim, any of the conditions set forth in Section 3 of this Addendum A are no longer satisfied, the Lead Manager shall have the same rights as set forth therein as if the Company never assumed the defense of such claim. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company or the Lead Manager, as the case may be, shall have the right to participate, at its own expense, in the defense of any Third Party Claim that the other party is defending.
5. If the Company assumes the defense of any Third Party Claim in accordance with the terms hereof, the Company shall have the right, upon thirty (30) calendar days’ prior written notice to the Lead Manager, to consent to the entry of judgment with respect to, or otherwise settle such Third Party Claim; provided, however, that with respect to such consent to the entry of judgment or settlement, the Lead Manager will not have any liability and will be fully indemnified with respect to all Third Party Claims. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not have the right to consent to the entry of judgment with respect to, or otherwise settle a Third Party Claim if: (i) the consent to judgment or settlement of such Third Party Claim involves equitable or other non-monetary damages against the Lead Manager, or (ii) in the reasonable judgment of the Lead Manager, such settlement would have a continuing effect on the Lead Manager’s business (including any material impairment of its relationships with customers and suppliers), without the prior written consent of the Lead Manager. In addition, the Lead Manager shall have the sole and exclusive right to settle any Third Party Claim on such terms and conditions as it deems reasonably appropriate, (x) if the Company fails to assume the defense in accordance with the terms hereof, or (y) to the extent such Third Party Claim involves only equitable or other non-monetary relief, and shall have the right to settle any Third Party Claim involving monetary damages with the Company’s consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.
6. The Company agrees to notify the Lead Manager promptly of the assertion against it or any other person of any claim or the commencement of any action or proceeding relating to a transaction contemplated by the Agreement.
7. If for any reason the foregoing indemnity is unavailable to the Lead Manager or insufficient to hold the Lead Manager harmless, then the Company shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by the Lead Manager, as the case may be, as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand, and the Lead Manager on the other, but also the relative fault of the Company on the one hand and the Lead Manager on the other that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any relevant equitable considerations. The amounts paid or payable by a party in respect of losses, claims, damages and liabilities referred to above shall be deemed to include any legal or other fees and expenses incurred in defending any litigation, proceeding or other action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions hereof, the Lead Manager’s share of the liability hereunder shall not be in excess of the amount of fees actually received, or to be received, by the Lead Manager under the Agreement (excluding any amounts received as reimbursement of expenses incurred by the Lead Manager). For the purposes of this Addendum A, the relative benefits to the Company and the Lead Manager shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as: (a) the total net value paid or contemplated to be paid or received or contemplated to be received by the Company and its affiliates (including the Company’s stockholders), as the case may be, in the transaction or transactions that are the subject of the Agreement, whether or not any such transaction is consummated, bears to (b) the fees paid to the Lead Manager in connection with the Agreement.
8. These Indemnification Provisions shall apply to the engagement and any modification thereof and shall remain in full force and effect whether or not the transaction contemplated by the Agreement is completed and shall survive the termination of the Agreement, and shall be in addition to any liability that the Company might otherwise have to any indemnified party under the Agreement or otherwise.
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| Very truly yours, | ||
| MAXIM GROUP LLC | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | Ritesh M. Veera | |
| Title: | Co-Head of Investment Banking | |
| Address for notice: | |
| 300 Park Ave, 16th Floor | |
| New York, NY 10022 | |
| Attention: James Siegel, General Counsel | |
| Email: jsiegel@maximgrp.com |
Accepted and Agreed to as of
the date first written above:
Real Messenger Corporation
| By: | ||
| Name: | Thomas Ma | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer |
Real Messenger Corporation
695 Town Center Drive, Suite 1200
Costa Mesa, CA 92626
Tel:
Attn: Thomas Ma
Email:
[Signature Page to Indemnification Provisions
Pursuant to Placement Agency Agreement
between Real Messenger Corporation and Maxim Group LLC]
Exhibit 4.1
SHARE CERTIFICATE
| Number of certificate | Number of shares | |
REAL MESSENGER CORPORATION
$50,000.00 divided into
| (i) | 488,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares of par value $0.0001 each | |
| (ii) | 12,000,000 Class B Ordinary Shares of par value $0.0001 each |
THIS SHARE CERTIFICATE CERTIFIES THAT as of [Transfer date], [Name] of [Address] is the registered holder of [Number] fully paid Class A Ordinary Share(s) of no par value in the above named Company which are held subject to, and transferable in accordance with, the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company (as Revised).
In Witness Whereof the Company has authorized this certificate to be issued on [Transfer date].
| Director | Director/ Secretary |
Exhibit 4.2
ORDINARY SHARE PURCHASE WARRANT
REAL MESSENGER CORPORATION
| Warrant Shares: [●] | Initial Exercise Date: [●], 2026 |
Issue Date: [●], 2026
THIS WARRANT TO PURCHASE ORDINARY SHARES (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, [●] or its assigns (the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on [●], 2031 (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Real Messenger Corporation, a Cayman Islands exempted company (the “Company”), up to _____________ Ordinary Shares (as hereinafter defined) of the Company (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”). The purchase price of one (1) Ordinary Share under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).
Section 1. Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant or in the Securities Purchase Agreement dated [●], 2026 by and among the Company and the Purchasers parties thereto (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”), the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section 1:
“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
“Bid Price” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of an Ordinary Share for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on. a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average per share price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Ordinary Shares are not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Ordinary Shares are then reported on the OTC Pink Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per Ordinary Share so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of an Ordinary Share as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.
“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.
“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Options” means any rights, warrants or options to subscribe for or purchase any (i) Ordinary Shares or (ii) Ordinary Share Equivalents.
“Ordinary Shares” means Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company, par value US$0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.
“Ordinary Share Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Ordinary Shares, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Ordinary Shares.
“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary or variable interest entity of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary or variable interest entity of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.
“Trading Day” means a day on which the Ordinary Shares are traded on a Trading Market.
“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Ordinary Shares are listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange, OTCQB or OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
“Transaction Documents” means the Securities Purchase Agreement dated [●], 2026, these Warrants, such other Warrants as contemplated in the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Lockup Agreements and all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.
“Transfer Agent” means [●], the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of [●], and any successor transfer agent of the Company.
“VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Ordinary Shares are not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Ordinary Shares are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per Ordinary Share so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of an Ordinary Share as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
“Warrants” means this Warrant and other Ordinary Share purchase warrants issued by the Company pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
Section 2. Exercise.
a) Exercise of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Trading Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.
b) Exercise Price. The exercise price per Ordinary Share under this Warrant shall be $[●], subject to adjustment hereunder (the “Exercise Price”).
c) Cashless Exercise. If at any time after the Issue Date there is no effective registration statement registering, or no current prospectus available for the resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder, then this Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:
(A) = as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the highest Bid Price of the Ordinary Shares on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. within two (2) hours of the Holder’s delivery of the applicable Notice of Exercise pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof if such Notice of Exercise is delivered during “regular trading hours,” or within two (2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours,” on a Trading Day or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof at least two (2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day;
(B) = the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and
(X) = the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.
If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the holding period of the Warrant Shares being issued may be tacked to the holding period of this Warrant. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c).
d) Mechanics of Exercise.
i. Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause its Transfer Agent to transmit the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement and current prospectus permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or the resale of the Warrant Shares by Holder or (B) the Warrant Shares are eligible for resale by the Holder without volume or manner-of-sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants), and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i) two (2) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for purposes of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act to have become the holder of the Warrant Shares irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the instance of a cashless exercise) is received by the Company on or prior to the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Ordinary Shares on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a Transfer Agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Ordinary Shares as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of the Purchase Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date and the Initial Exercise Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date for purposes hereunder.
ii. Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.
iii. Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.
iv. Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, Ordinary Shares to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the Ordinary Shares so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored and return any amount received by the Company in respect of the Exercise Price for those Warrant Shares (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of Ordinary Shares that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Ordinary Shares having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of Ordinary Shares with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver Ordinary Shares upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.
v. No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole Ordinary Share.
vi. Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however, that, in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto as Exhibit B duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.
vii. Closing of Books. The Company will not close its shareholder books register of members or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.
e) Holder’s Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of Ordinary Shares which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, unexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Ordinary Share Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one (1) Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of Ordinary Shares then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding Ordinary Shares was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% (or, upon election by a Holder prior to the issuance of any Warrants, 9.99%) of the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of Ordinary Shares upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.
Section 3. Certain Adjustments.
a) Share Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on its Ordinary Shares or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in Ordinary Shares (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any Ordinary Shares issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding Ordinary Shares into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding Ordinary Shares into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of Ordinary Shares any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of Ordinary Shares, and such other capital stock of the Company (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of Ordinary Shares and such other capital stock of the Company (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price shall equal the aggregate Exercise Price on the Initial Exercise Date. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.
b) Reserved.
c) Subsequent Equity Sales. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding (such period, the “Adjustment Period”), the Company issues, sells, enters into an agreement to sell, or grants any option to purchase, or sells, enters into an agreement to sell, or grants any right to reprice, or otherwise disposes of or issues (or announces any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition), or, in accordance with this Section 3(c), is deemed to have issued or sold, any Ordinary Shares, or Ordinary Share Equivalents (excluding any Exempt Issuance issued or sold or deemed to have been issued or sold) for a consideration per share (the “New Issuance Price”) less than a price equal to the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such issue or sale or deemed issuance or sale (such Exercise Price then in effect is referred to as the “Applicable Price”) (the foregoing a “Dilutive Issuance”), then simultaneously with the consummation (or, if earlier, the announcement) of such Dilutive Issuance, the Exercise Price then in effect shall be reduced to an amount equal to the New Issuance Price, and the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price payable hereunder, after taking into account the decrease in the Exercise Price, shall be equal to the aggregate Exercise Price on the Initial Exercise Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no adjustments shall be made, paid or issued under this Section 3(c) in respect of an Exempt Issuance. The Company shall notify the Holder, in writing, no later than the Trading Day following the issuance or deemed issuance of any Ordinary Shares, or Ordinary Share Equivalents subject to this Section 3(c), indicating therein the applicable issuance price, or applicable reset price, exchange price, conversion price and other pricing terms (such notice, the “Dilutive Issuance Notice”). For purposes of clarification, whether or not the Company provides a Dilutive Issuance Notice pursuant to this Section 3(c), upon the occurrence of any Dilutive Issuance, the Holder is entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares based upon the New Issuance Price regardless of whether the Holder accurately refers to the New Issuance Price in the Notice of Exercise. If the Company enters into a Variable Rate Transaction, the Company shall be deemed to have issued Ordinary Share, or Ordinary Share Equivalents at the lowest possible price, conversion price or exercise price at which such securities may be issued, converted or exercised. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any Ordinary Shares, or Ordinary Share Equivalents either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon, and/or varies with, the trading prices of or quotations for the Ordinary Shares at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Ordinary Shares, other than in connection with customary anti-dilution adjustments resulting from future stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions, or (ii) issues or sells any amortizing convertible security that amortizes prior to its maturity date, whereby it is required to or has the option to (or the investor in such security has the option to require the Company to) make such amortization payments in Ordinary Shares (whether or not such payments in stock are subject to certain equity conditions) or (iii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit or “at-the- market” offering, whereby it may sell securities at a future determined price, regardless of whether shares pursuant to such agreement have actually been issued and regardless of whether such agreement is subsequently canceled, provided that any issuance of shares upon the exercise of the Warrants will not be deemed a Variable Rate Transaction.
i. Issuance of Options. If the Company in any manner grants, issues or sells (or enters into any agreement to grant, issue or sell) any Options and the lowest price per share for which one share of Ordinary Shares is at any time issuable upon the exercise of any such Option or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalents issuable upon exercise of any such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof is less than the Applicable Price, then such share of Ordinary Shares shall be deemed to be outstanding and to have been issued and sold by the Company at the time of the granting, issuance or sale (or the time of execution of such agreement to grant, issue or sell, as applicable) of such Option for such price per share. For purposes of this Section 3(c)(i), the “lowest price per share for which one share of Ordinary Shares is at any time issuable upon the exercise of any such Options or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalents issuable upon exercise of any such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof” shall be equal to (1) the lower of (x) the sum of the lowest amounts of consideration (if any) received or receivable by the Company with respect to any one share of Ordinary Shares upon the granting, issuance or sale (or pursuant to the agreement to grant, issue or sell, as applicable) of such Option, upon exercise of such Option and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalent issuable upon exercise of such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof and (y) the lowest exercise price set forth in such Option for which one share of Ordinary Shares is issuable (or may become issuable assuming all possible market conditions) upon the exercise of any such Options or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalents issuable upon exercise of any such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof minus (2) the sum of all amounts paid or payable to the holder of such Option (or any other Person) upon the granting, issuance or sale (or the agreement to grant, issue or sell, as applicable) such Option, upon exercise of such Option and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalent issuable upon exercise of such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof plus the value of any other consideration received or receivable by, or benefit conferred on, the holder of such Option (or any other Person). Except as contemplated below, no further adjustment of the Exercise Price shall be made upon the actual issuance of such Ordinary Shares, or of such Ordinary Share Equivalents upon the exercise of such Options or otherwise pursuant to the terms of or upon the actual issuance of such Ordinary Shares upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Ordinary Share Equivalents.
ii. Issuance of Ordinary Share Equivalents. If the Company in any manner issues or sells (or enters into any agreement to issue or sell) any Ordinary Share Equivalents and the lowest price per share for which one Ordinary Share is at any time issuable upon the conversion, exercise or exchange thereof or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof is less than the Applicable Price, then such Ordinary Shares shall be deemed to be outstanding and to have been issued and sold by the Company at the time of the issuance or sale (or the time of execution of such agreement to issue or sell, as applicable) of such Ordinary Share Equivalents for such price per share. For the purposes of this Section 3(c)(ii), the “lowest price per share for which one Ordinary Share is at any time issuable upon the conversion, exercise or exchange thereof or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof” shall be equal to (1) the lower of (x) the sum of the lowest amounts of consideration (if any) received or receivable by the Company with respect to one Ordinary Shares upon the issuance or sale (or pursuant to the agreement to issue or sell, as applicable) of the Ordinary Share Equivalent and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Ordinary Share Equivalent or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof and (y) the lowest conversion price set forth in such Ordinary Share Equivalent for which one Ordinary Shares is issuable (or may become issuable assuming all possible market conditions) upon conversion, exercise or exchange thereof or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof minus (2) the sum of all amounts paid or payable to the holder of such Ordinary Share Equivalent (or any other Person) upon the issuance or sale (or the agreement to issue or sell, as applicable) of such Ordinary Share Equivalent plus the value of any other consideration received or receivable by, or benefit conferred on, the holder of such Ordinary Share Equivalent (or any other Person). Except as contemplated below, no further adjustment of the Exercise Price shall be made upon the actual issuance of such Ordinary Shares upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Ordinary Share Equivalents or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof, and if any such issuance or sale of such Ordinary Share Equivalents is made upon exercise of any Options for which adjustment of this Warrant has been or is to be made pursuant to other provisions of this Section 3(c), except as contemplated below, no further adjustment of the Exercise Price shall be made by reason of such issuance or sale.
iii. Change in Option Price or Rate of Conversion. If the purchase or exercise price provided for in any Options, the additional consideration, if any, payable upon the issue, conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalents, or the rate at which any Ordinary Share Equivalents are convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Ordinary Shares increases or decreases at any time (other than proportional changes in conversion or exercise prices, as applicable, in connection with an event referred to in Section 3(a)), the Exercise Price in effect at the time of such increase or decrease shall be adjusted to the Exercise Price which would have been in effect at such time had such Options or Ordinary Share Equivalents provided for such increased or decreased purchase price, additional consideration or increased or decreased conversion rate, as the case may be, at the time initially granted, issued or sold. For purposes of this Section 3(c)(iii), if the terms of any Option or Ordinary Share Equivalent that was outstanding as of the Initial Exercise Date are increased or decreased in the manner described in the immediately preceding sentence, then such Option or Ordinary Share Equivalent and the Ordinary Shares deemed issuable upon exercise, conversion or exchange thereof shall be deemed to have been issued as of the date of such increase or decrease. No adjustment pursuant to this Section 3(c) shall be made if such adjustment would result in an increase of the Exercise Price then in effect.
iv. Calculation of Consideration Received. If any Option and/or Ordinary Share Equivalents and/or Adjustment Right is issued in connection with the issuance or sale or deemed issuance or sale of any other securities of the Company (as determined by the Holder, the “Primary Security”, and such Option and/or Ordinary Share Equivalents and/or Adjustment Right, the “Secondary Securities” and together with the Primary Security, each a “Unit”), together comprising one integrated transaction, the aggregate consideration per share of Ordinary Shares with respect to such Primary Security shall be deemed to be the lowest of (x) the purchase price of such Unit, (y) if such Primary Security is an Option and/or Ordinary Share Equivalent, the lowest price per share for which one Ordinary Shares is at any time issuable upon the exercise or conversion of the Primary Security in accordance with Section 3(c)(i) or 3(c)(ii) above and (z) the lowest VWAP of the Ordinary Shares on any Trading Day during the five (5) Trading Day period (the “Adjustment Period”) immediately following the public announcement of such Dilutive Issuance (for the avoidance of doubt, if such public announcement is released prior to the opening of the applicable Trading Market on a Trading Day, such Trading Day shall be the first Trading Day in such five Trading Day period and if this Warrant is exercised, on any given Exercise Date during any such Adjustment Period, solely with respect to such portion of this Warrant converted on such applicable Exercise Date, such applicable Adjustment Period shall be deemed to have ended on, and included, the Trading Day immediately prior to such Exercise Date). If any Ordinary Shares, Options or Ordinary Share Equivalents are issued or sold or deemed to have been issued or sold for cash, the consideration received therefor will be deemed to be the net amount of consideration received by the Company therefor. If any Ordinary Shares, Options or Ordinary Share Equivalents are issued or sold for a consideration other than cash, the amount of such consideration received by the Company will be the fair value of such consideration, except where such consideration consists of publicly traded securities, in which case the amount of consideration received by the Company for such securities will be the arithmetic average of the VWAPs of such security for each of the five (5) Trading Days immediately preceding the date of receipt. If any Ordinary Shares, Options or Ordinary Share Equivalents are issued to the owners of the non-surviving entity in connection with any merger in which the Company is the surviving entity, the amount of consideration therefor will be deemed to be the fair value of such portion of the net assets and business of the non-surviving entity as is attributable to such Ordinary Shares, Options or Ordinary Share Equivalents (as the case may be). The fair value of any consideration other than cash or publicly traded securities will be determined jointly by the Company and the Holder. If such parties are unable to reach agreement within ten (10) days after the occurrence of an event requiring valuation (the “Valuation Event”), the fair value of such consideration will be determined within five (5) Trading Days after the tenth (10th) day following such Valuation Event by an independent, reputable appraiser jointly selected by the Company and the Holder. The determination of such appraiser shall be final and binding upon all parties absent manifest error and the fees and expenses of such appraiser shall be borne by the Company. For purposes of hereof, “Adjustment Right” means any right granted with respect to any securities issued in connection with, or with respect to, any issuance or sale (or deemed issuance or sale in accordance with this Section 3(c) of Ordinary Shares that could result in a decrease in the net consideration received by the Company in connection with, or with respect to, such securities (including, without limitation, any cash settlement rights, cash adjustment or other similar rights).
v. Record Date. If the Company takes a record of the holders of Ordinary Shares for the purpose of entitling them (A) to receive a dividend or other distribution payable in Ordinary Shares, Options or in Ordinary Share Equivalents or (B) to subscribe for or purchase Ordinary Shares, Options or Ordinary Share Equivalents, then such record date will be deemed to be the date of the issuance or sale of the Ordinary Shares deemed to have been issued or sold upon the declaration of such dividend or the making of such other distribution or the date of the granting of such right of subscription or purchase (as the case may be).
d) Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Ordinary Share Equivalents or rights to purchase shares, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to all (or substantially all) of the record holders of any class of Ordinary Shares (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of Ordinary Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such Ordinary Shares as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).
e) Pro Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to all (or substantially all) holders of Ordinary Shares, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, shares or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of Ordinary Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any Ordinary Shares as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). To the extent that this Warrant has not been partially or completely exercised at the time of such Distribution, such portion of the Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until the Holder has exercised this Warrant.
f) Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person , (ii) the Company or any Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Ordinary Shares are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Ordinary Shares or 50% or more of the voting power of the ordinary equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Ordinary Shares or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Ordinary Shares are effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding Ordinary Shares or 50% or more of the voting power of the ordinary equity of the Company (each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of Ordinary Shares of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of Ordinary Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one Ordinary Share in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Ordinary Shares are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder’s option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however, that, if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company’s control, including not approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, the Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Ordinary Shares of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Ordinary Shares are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if holders of Ordinary Shares of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Ordinary Shares will be deemed to have received common stock or ordinary shares, as applicable, of the Successor Entity (which Entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. “Black Scholes Value” means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg, L.P. (“Bloomberg”) determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of (1) 100% and (2) the 100 day volatility as obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the greater of (i) the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration, if any, being offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (ii) the highest VWAP during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately preceding the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction (or the consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if earlier) and ending on the Trading Day of the Holder’s request pursuant to this Section 3(e) and (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date and (E) a zero cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds (or such other consideration) within the later of (i) five (5) Business Days after the Holder’s election and (ii) the date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(f) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant that is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the Ordinary Shares acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the Ordinary Shares prior to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall be added to the term “Company” under this Warrant (so that from and after the occurrence or consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, each and every provision of this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to each of the Company and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally with the Company, may exercise every right and power of the Company prior thereto and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities shall assume all of the obligations of the Company prior thereto under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if the Company and such Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had been named as the Company herein. For the avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this Section 3(e) regardless of (i) whether the Company has sufficient authorized Ordinary Shares for the issuance of Warrant Shares and/or (ii) whether a Fundamental Transaction occurs prior to the Initial Exercise Date. The Company shall instruct the Transfer Agent in writing to mail, by first class mail, postage prepaid, to each Holder, written notice of the execution of any such amendment, supplement or agreement with the Successor Entity. Any supplemented or amended agreement entered into by the successor corporation or transferee shall provide for adjustments, which shall be as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments provided for in this Section 3(f). The Transfer Agent shall have no duty, responsibility or obligation to determine the correctness of any provisions contained in such agreement or such notice, including but not limited to any provisions relating either to the kind or amount of securities or other property receivable upon exercise of warrants or with respect to the method employed and provided therein for any adjustments, and shall be entitled to rely conclusively for all purposes upon the provisions contained in any such agreement. The provisions of this Section 3(f) shall similarly apply to successive reclassifications, changes, consolidations, mergers, sales and conveyances of the kind described above
g) Calculations. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of Ordinary Shares deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of Ordinary Shares (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.
h) Notice to Holder.
i. Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.
ii. Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Ordinary Shares, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Ordinary Shares, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Ordinary Share rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any shareholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Ordinary Shares, any consolidation or merger to which the Company (or any of its Subsidiaries) is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of its assets, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Ordinary Shares are converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its last email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 10 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Ordinary Shares of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Ordinary Shares of record shall be entitled to exchange their Ordinary Shares for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.
i) Voluntary Adjustment By Company. Subject to the rules and regulations of the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares is then listed, the Company may at any time during the term of this Warrant, subject to the prior written consent of the Holder, reduce the then current Exercise Price to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate by the board of directors of the Company.
Section 4. Transfer of Warrant.
a) Transferability. Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws and the conditions set forth in Section 4(d) hereof, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.
b) New Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.
c) Warrant Register. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.
d) Transfer Restrictions If, at the time of the surrender of this Warrant in connection with any transfer of this Warrant, the transfer of this Warrant shall not be either (i) registered pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and under applicable state securities or blue sky laws or (ii) eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions or current public information requirements pursuant to Rule 144, the Company may require, as a condition of allowing such transfer, that the Holder or transferee of this Warrant, provide to the Company an opinion of counsel, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company to the effect that the transfer of this Warrant does not require registration under the Securities Act.
e) Representation by the Holder. The Holder, by the acceptance hereof, represents and warrants that it is acquiring this Warrant and, upon any exercise hereof, will acquire the Warrant Shares issuable upon such exercise, for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Warrant Shares or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act
Section 5. Miscellaneous.
a) No Rights as Shareholder until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a shareholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d) (i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a “cashless exercise” pursuant to Section 2(c) or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) and Section 2(d)(iv) herein, in no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.
b) Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.
c) Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.
d) Authorized Shares.
The Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will have sufficient authorized and unissued Ordinary Shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Ordinary Shares may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith and upon registration in the Register of Members of the Company, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable (which means that no further sums are required to be paid by the holders thereof in connection with the issue thereof) and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).
Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its memorandum and articles of association or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.
Before taking any action that would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.
e) Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this paragraph shall limit or restrict the federal district court in which a Holder may bring a claim under the federal securities laws.
f) Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.
g) Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies. No provision of this Warrant shall be construed as a waiver by the Holder of any rights which the Holder may have under the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant or the Purchase Agreement, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.
h) Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at 695 Town Center Drive, Suite 1200, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, Attention: Thomas Ma, email address: tma@real.co, or such other email address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K.
i) Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Ordinary Shares or as a shareholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.
j) Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.
k) Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.
l) Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company, on the one hand, and the Holder, on the other hand.
m) Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.
n) Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.
o) Currency. Unless otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts referred to in this Warrant are in United States Dollars (“U.S. Dollars”). All amounts owing under this Warrant shall be paid in U.S. Dollars. All amounts denominated in other currencies shall be converted in the U.S. Dollar equivalent amount in accordance with the Exchange Rate on the date of calculation. “Exchange Rate” means, in relation to any amount of currency to be converted into U.S. Dollars pursuant to this Warrant, the U.S. Dollar exchange rate as published in the Wall Street Journal (NY edition) on the relevant date of calculation.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.
| REAL MESSENGER CORPORATION | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Its: | ||
Exhibit A
NOTICE OF EXERCISE
TO: REAL MESSENGER CORPORATION
(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.
(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):
☐ in lawful money of the United States; or
☐ if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).
(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:
_____________________________
The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]
Name of Investing Entity:
Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity:
Name of Authorized Signatory:
Title of Authorized Signatory:
Date:
Exhibit B
ASSIGNMENT FORM
(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to exercise the Warrant to purchase shares.)
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to
| Name: | ||
| (Please Print) | ||
| Address: | ||
| (Please Print) | ||
| Phone Number: | ||
| Email Address: | ||
| Dated: ______________ | ||
| Holder’s Signature: ___________ | ||
| Holder’s Address: ___________ |
Exhibit 4.3
PRE-FUNDED ORDINARY SHARE PURCHASE WARRANT
REAL MESSENGER CORPORATION
| Warrant Shares: [●] | Issuance Date: [●], 2026 |
THIS PRE-FUNDED WARRANT TO PURCHASE ORDINARY SHARES (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, [●] or its assigns (the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the date hereof (the “Initial Exercise Date”) and until this Warrant is exercised in full (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Real Messenger Corporation, a Cayman Islands exempted company (the “Company”), up to _____________ Ordinary Shares (as hereinafter defined) of the Company (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”). The purchase price of one (1) Ordinary Share under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b).
Section 1. Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant or in the Securities Purchase Agreement dated [●], 2026 by and among the Company and the Purchasers parties thereto (the “Securities Purchase Agreement”), the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section 1:
“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
“Bid Price” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of an Ordinary Share for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on. a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average per share price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Ordinary Shares are not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Ordinary Shares are then reported on the OTC Pink Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per Ordinary Share so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of an Ordinary Share as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.
“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.
“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Options” means any rights, warrants or options to subscribe for or purchase any (i) Ordinary Shares or (ii) Ordinary Share Equivalents.
“Ordinary Shares” means Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company, par value US$0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.
“Ordinary Share Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Ordinary Shares, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Ordinary Shares.
“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary or variable interest entity of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary or variable interest entity of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.
“Trading Day” means a day on which the Ordinary Shares are traded on a Trading Market.
“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Ordinary Shares are listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange, OTCQB or OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
“Transaction Documents” means the Securities Purchase Agreement dated [●], 2026, these Warrants, such other Warrants as contemplated in the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Lockup Agreements and all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.
“Transfer Agent” means [●], the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of [●], and any successor transfer agent of the Company.
“VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Ordinary Shares are not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Ordinary Shares are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per Ordinary Share so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of an Ordinary Share as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
“Warrants” means this Warrant and other Pre-Funded Ordinary Share purchase warrants issued by the Company pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement.
Section 2. Exercise.
a) Exercise of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Trading Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.
b) Exercise Price. The aggregate exercise price of this Warrant, except for a nominal exercise price of $0.0001 per Warrant Share, was pre-funded to the Company on or prior to the Initial Exercise Date and, consequently, no additional consideration (other than the nominal exercise price of $0.0001 per Warrant Share) shall be required to be paid by the Holder to any Person to effect any exercise of this Warrant. The Holder shall not be entitled to the return or refund of all, or any portion, of such pre-paid aggregate exercise price under any circumstance or for any reason whatsoever. The remaining unpaid exercise price per Ordinary Share under this Warrant shall be $0.0001, subject to adjustment hereunder (the “Exercise Price”).
c) Cashless Exercise. If at any time after the Issuance Date there is no effective registration statement registering, or no current prospectus available for the resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder, then this Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:
(A) = as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) both executed and delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the highest Bid Price of the Ordinary Shares on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. within two (2) hours of the Holder’s delivery of the applicable Notice of Exercise pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof if such Notice of Exercise is delivered during “regular trading hours,” or within two (2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours,” on a Trading Day or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof at least two (2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day;
(B) = the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and
(X) = the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.
If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the holding period of the Warrant Shares being issued may be tacked to the holding period of this Warrant. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c).
d) Mechanics of Exercise.
i. Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause its Transfer Agent to transmit the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement and current prospectus permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or the resale of the Warrant Shares by Holder or (B) the Warrant Shares are eligible for resale by the Holder without volume or manner-of-sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants), and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i) two (2) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for purposes of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act to have become the holder of the Warrant Shares irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the instance of a cashless exercise) is received by the Company on or prior to the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Ordinary Shares on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a Transfer Agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Ordinary Shares as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of the Purchase Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date and the Initial Exercise Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date for purposes hereunder.
ii. Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.
iii. Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.
iv. Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, Ordinary Shares to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the Ordinary Shares so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored and return any amount received by the Company in respect of the Exercise Price for those Warrant Shares (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of Ordinary Shares that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Ordinary Shares having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of this Warrant for Ordinary Shares with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver Ordinary Shares upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.
v. No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole Ordinary Share.
vi. Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however, that, in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto as Exhibit B duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.
vii. Closing of Books. The Company will not close its shareholder books register of members or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.
e) Holder’s Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of Ordinary Shares which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, unexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Ordinary Share Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one (1) Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of Ordinary Shares then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding Ordinary Shares was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% (or, upon election by a Holder prior to the issuance of any Warrants, 9.99%) of the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of Ordinary Shares upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.
Section 3. Certain Adjustments.
a) Share Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on its Ordinary Shares or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in Ordinary Shares (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any Ordinary Shares issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding Ordinary Shares into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding Ordinary Shares into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of Ordinary Shares any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of Ordinary Shares, and such other capital stock of the Company (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of Ordinary Shares and such other capital stock of the Company (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price shall equal the aggregate Exercise Price on the Initial Exercise Date. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.
b) Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time, while this Warrant is outstanding, the Company grants, issues or sells any Ordinary Share Equivalents or rights to purchase shares, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to all (or substantially all) of the record holders of any class of Ordinary Shares (and not to the Holder in such Holder’s capacity as Holder of this Warrant) (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of Ordinary Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such Ordinary Shares as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).
c) Pro Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to all (or substantially all) holders of Ordinary Shares, (and not to the Holder in such Holder’s capacity as Holder of this Warrant), by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, shares or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case (other than with respect to any such event for which an adjustment is otherwise provided for pursuant to this Section 3),, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of Ordinary Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any Ordinary Shares as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). To the extent that this Warrant has not been partially or completely exercised at the time of such Distribution, such portion of the Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until the Holder has exercised this Warrant.
d) Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person , (ii) the Company or any Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Ordinary Shares are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Ordinary Shares or 50% or more of the voting power of the ordinary equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Ordinary Shares or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Ordinary Shares are effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding Ordinary Shares or 50% or more of the voting power of the ordinary equity of the Company (each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of Ordinary Shares of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of Ordinary Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one Ordinary Share in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Ordinary Shares are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the remaining obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(d) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant that is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the Ordinary Shares acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the Ordinary Shares prior to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall be added to the term “Company” under this Warrant (so that from and after the occurrence or consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, each and every provision of this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to each of the Company and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally with the Company, may exercise every right and power of the Company prior thereto and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities shall assume all of the obligations of the Company prior thereto under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if the Company and such Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had been named as the Company herein. For the avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this Section 3(d) regardless of (i) whether the Company has sufficient authorized Ordinary Shares for the issuance of Warrant Shares and/or (ii) whether a Fundamental Transaction occurs prior to the Initial Exercise Date. The Company shall instruct the Transfer Agent in writing to mail, by first class mail, postage prepaid, to each Holder, written notice of the execution of any such amendment, supplement or agreement with the Successor Entity. Any supplemented or amended agreement entered into by the successor corporation or transferee shall provide for adjustments, which shall be as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments provided for in this Section 3(d). The Transfer Agent shall have no duty, responsibility or obligation to determine the correctness of any provisions contained in such agreement or such notice, including but not limited to any provisions relating either to the kind or amount of securities or other property receivable upon exercise of warrants or with respect to the method employed and provided therein for any adjustments, and shall be entitled to rely conclusively for all purposes upon the provisions contained in any such agreement. The provisions of this Section 3(d) shall similarly apply to successive reclassifications, changes, consolidations, mergers, sales and conveyances of the kind described above
e) Calculations. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of Ordinary Shares deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of Ordinary Shares (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.
f) Notice to Holder.
i. Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.
ii. Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Ordinary Shares, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Ordinary Shares, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Ordinary Share rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any shareholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Ordinary Shares, any consolidation or merger to which the Company (or any of its Subsidiaries) is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of its assets, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Ordinary Shares are converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its last email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 10 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Ordinary Shares of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Ordinary Shares of record shall be entitled to exchange their Ordinary Shares for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.
i) Voluntary Adjustment By Company. Subject to the rules and regulations of the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares is then listed, the Company may at any time during the term of this Warrant, subject to the prior written consent of the Holder, reduce the then current Exercise Price to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate by the board of directors of the Company.
Section 4. Transfer of Warrant.
a) Transferability. Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws and the conditions set forth in Section 4(d) hereof, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.
b) New Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.
c) Warrant Register. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.
d) Transfer Restrictions If, at the time of the surrender of this Warrant in connection with any transfer of this Warrant, the transfer of this Warrant shall not be either (i) registered pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and under applicable state securities or blue sky laws or (ii) eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions or current public information requirements pursuant to Rule 144, the Company may require, as a condition of allowing such transfer, that the Holder or transferee of this Warrant, provide to the Company an opinion of counsel, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company to the effect that the transfer of this Warrant does not require registration under the Securities Act.
e) Representation by the Holder. The Holder, by the acceptance hereof, represents and warrants that it is acquiring this Warrant and, upon any exercise hereof, will acquire the Warrant Shares issuable upon such exercise, for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Warrant Shares or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act
Section 5. Miscellaneous.
a) No Rights as Shareholder until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a shareholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d) (i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a “cashless exercise” pursuant to Section 2(c) or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) and Section 2(d)(iv) herein, in no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.
b) Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.
c) Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.
d) Authorized Shares.
The Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will have sufficient authorized and unissued Ordinary Shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Ordinary Shares may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith and upon registration in the Register of Members of the Company, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable (which means that no further sums are required to be paid by the holders thereof in connection with the issue thereof) and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).
Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its memorandum and articles of association or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.
Before taking any action that would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.
e) Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this paragraph shall limit or restrict the federal district court in which a Holder may bring a claim under the federal securities laws.
f) Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.
g) Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies. No provision of this Warrant shall be construed as a waiver by the Holder of any rights which the Holder may have under the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant or the Purchase Agreement, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.
h) Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at 695 Town Center Drive, Suite 1200, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, Attention: Thomas Ma, email address: tma@real.co, or such other email address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K.
i) Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Ordinary Shares or as a shareholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.
j) Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.
k) Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.
l) Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company, on the one hand, and the Holder, on the other hand.
m) Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.
n) Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.
o) Currency. Unless otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts referred to in this Warrant are in United States Dollars (“U.S. Dollars”). All amounts owing under this Warrant shall be paid in U.S. Dollars. All amounts denominated in other currencies shall be converted in the U.S. Dollar equivalent amount in accordance with the Exchange Rate on the date of calculation. “Exchange Rate” means, in relation to any amount of currency to be converted into U.S. Dollars pursuant to this Warrant, the U.S. Dollar exchange rate as published in the Wall Street Journal (NY edition) on the relevant date of calculation.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.
| REAL MESSENGER CORPORATION | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Its: | ||
Exhibit A
NOTICE OF EXERCISE
TO: REAL MESSENGER CORPORATION
(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.
(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):
☐ in lawful money of the United States; or
☐ if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).
(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:
_____________________________
The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]
Name of Investing Entity:
Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity:
Name of Authorized Signatory:
Title of Authorized Signatory:
Date:
Exhibit B
ASSIGNMENT FORM
(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to exercise the Warrant to purchase shares.)
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to
| Name: | ||
| (Please Print) | ||
| Address: | ||
| (Please Print) | ||
| Phone Number: | ||
| Email Address: | ||
| Dated: ______________ | ||
| Holder’s Signature: ___________ | ||
| Holder’s Address: ___________ |
Exhibit 4.4
PLACEMENT AGENT ORDINARY SHARE PURCHASE WARRANT
REAL MESSENGER CORPORATION
| Warrant Shares: [●] | Initial Exercise Date: [●], 2026 |
Issue Date: [●], 2026
THIS PLACEMENT AGENT WARRANT TO PURCHASE ORDINARY SHARES (the “Warrant”) certifies that, for value received, MAXIM PARTNERS LLC or its assigns (the “Holder”) is entitled, upon the terms and subject to the limitations on exercise and the conditions hereinafter set forth, at any time on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or prior to 5:00 p.m. (New York City time) on [●], 2029 (the “Termination Date”) but not thereafter, to subscribe for and purchase from Real Messenger Corporation, a Cayman Islands exempted company (the “Company”), up to _____________ Ordinary Shares (as hereinafter defined) of the Company (as subject to adjustment hereunder, the “Warrant Shares”). The purchase price of one (1) Ordinary Share under this Warrant shall be equal to the Exercise Price, as defined in Section 2(b). This Warrant is being issued pursuant to the certain placement agency agreement, dated as of [ ], 2026, by and between the Company and Maxim Group LLC (the “Placement Agency Agreement”).
Section 1. Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Warrant or in the Placement Agency Agreement , the following terms have the meanings indicated in this Section 1:
“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person, as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
“Bid Price” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the bid price of an Ordinary Share for the time in question (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on. a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average per share price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Ordinary Shares are not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Ordinary Shares are then reported on the OTC Pink Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per Ordinary Share so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of an Ordinary Share as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.
“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York generally are open for use by customers on such day.
“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Options” means any rights, warrants or options to subscribe for or purchase any (i) Ordinary Shares or (ii) Ordinary Share Equivalents.
“Ordinary Shares” means Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company, par value US$0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.
“Ordinary Share Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Ordinary Shares, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Ordinary Shares.
“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary or variable interest entity of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary or variable interest entity of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.
“Trading Day” means a day on which the Ordinary Shares are traded on a Trading Market.
“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Ordinary Shares are listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange, OTCQB or OTCQX (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
“Transaction Documents” means the Placement Agency Agreement dated [●], 2026, these Warrants, such other Warrants as contemplated in the Placement Agency Agreement, the Lockup Agreements and all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.
“Transfer Agent” means Equiniti Trust Company, LLC, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY11219, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.
“VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)), (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable, (c) if the Ordinary Shares are not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Ordinary Shares are then reported on the Pink Open Market (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per Ordinary Share so reported, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of an Ordinary Share as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the holders of a majority in interest of the Warrants then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
“Warrants” means this Warrant and other Placement Agent Ordinary Share purchase warrants issued by the Company pursuant to the Placement Agency Agreement.
Section 2. Exercise.
a) Exercise of Warrant. Exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant may be made, in whole or in part, at any time or times on or after the Initial Exercise Date and on or before the Termination Date by delivery to the Company of a duly executed PDF copy submitted by e-mail (or e-mail attachment) of the Notice of Exercise substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A (the “Notice of Exercise”). Within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined in Section 2(d)(i) herein) following the date of exercise as aforesaid, the Holder shall deliver the aggregate Exercise Price for the Warrant Shares specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise by wire transfer or cashier’s check drawn on a United States bank unless the cashless exercise procedure specified in Section 2(c) below is specified in the applicable Notice of Exercise. No ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise be required. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company until the Holder has purchased all of the Warrant Shares available hereunder and the Warrant has been exercised in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company for cancellation within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the final Notice of Exercise is delivered to the Company. Partial exercises of this Warrant resulting in purchases of a portion of the total number of Warrant Shares available hereunder shall have the effect of lowering the outstanding number of Warrant Shares purchasable hereunder in an amount equal to the applicable number of Warrant Shares purchased. The Holder and the Company shall maintain records showing the number of Warrant Shares purchased and the date of such purchases. The Company shall deliver any objection to any Notice of Exercise within one (1) Trading Day of receipt of such notice. The Holder and any assignee, by acceptance of this Warrant, acknowledge and agree that, by reason of the provisions of this paragraph, following the purchase of a portion of the Warrant Shares hereunder, the number of Warrant Shares available for purchase hereunder at any given time may be less than the amount stated on the face hereof.
b) Exercise Price. The exercise price per Ordinary Share under this Warrant shall be $[●], subject to adjustment hereunder (the “Exercise Price”).
c) Cashless Exercise. If at any time after the Issue Date there is no effective registration statement registering, or no current prospectus available for the resale of the Warrant Shares by the Holder, then this Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:
(A) = as applicable: (i) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if such Notice of Exercise is (1) delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a day that is not a Trading Day or (2) delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof on a Trading Day prior to the opening of “regular trading hours” (as defined in Rule 600(b) of Regulation NMS promulgated under the federal securities laws) on such Trading Day, (ii) at the option of the Holder, either (y) the VWAP on the Trading Day immediately preceding the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise or (z) the highest Bid Price of the Ordinary Shares on the principal Trading Market as reported by Bloomberg L.P. within two (2) hours of the Holder’s delivery of the applicable Notice of Exercise pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof if such Notice of Exercise is delivered during “regular trading hours,” or within two (2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours,” on a Trading Day or (iii) the VWAP on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise if the date of such Notice of Exercise is a Trading Day and such Notice of Exercise is delivered pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof at least two (2) hours after the close of “regular trading hours” on such Trading Day;
(B) = the Exercise Price of this Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and
(X) = the number of Warrant Shares that would be issuable upon exercise of this Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.
If Warrant Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the holding period of the Warrant Shares being issued may be tacked to the holding period of this Warrant. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2(c).
d) Mechanics of Exercise.
i. Delivery of Warrant Shares Upon Exercise. The Company shall cause its Transfer Agent to transmit the Warrant Shares purchased hereunder to the Holder by crediting the account of the Holder’s or its designee’s balance account with The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) if the Company is then a participant in such system and either (A) there is an effective registration statement and current prospectus permitting the issuance of the Warrant Shares to or the resale of the Warrant Shares by Holder or (B) the Warrant Shares are eligible for resale by the Holder without volume or manner-of-sale limitations pursuant to Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants), and otherwise by physical delivery of a certificate, registered in the Company’s share register in the name of the Holder or its designee, for the number of Warrant Shares to which the Holder is entitled pursuant to such exercise to the address specified by the Holder in the Notice of Exercise by the date that is the earliest of (i) two (2) Trading Days after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise, (ii) one (1) Trading Day after delivery of the aggregate Exercise Price to the Company and (iii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period after the delivery to the Company of the Notice of Exercise (such date, the “Warrant Share Delivery Date”). Upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for all corporate purposes to have become the holder of record of the Warrant Shares with respect to which this Warrant has been exercised, irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the case of a cashless exercise) is received within the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period following delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, upon delivery of the Notice of Exercise, the Holder shall be deemed for purposes of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act to have become the holder of the Warrant Shares irrespective of the date of delivery of the Warrant Shares. If the Company fails for any reason to deliver to the Holder the Warrant Shares subject to a Notice of Exercise by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, provided that payment of the aggregate Exercise Price (other than in the instance of a cashless exercise) is received by the Company on or prior to the Warrant Share Delivery Date, the Company shall pay to the Holder, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares subject to such exercise (based on the VWAP of the Ordinary Shares on the date of the applicable Notice of Exercise), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day on the fifth Trading Day after such liquidated damages begin to accrue) for each Trading Day after such Warrant Share Delivery Date until such Warrant Shares are delivered or Holder rescinds such exercise. The Company agrees to maintain a Transfer Agent that is a participant in the FAST program so long as this Warrant remains outstanding and exercisable. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Ordinary Shares as in effect on the date of delivery of the Notice of Exercise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Notice(s) of Exercise delivered on or prior to 12:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date, which may be delivered at any time after the time of execution of the Purchase Agreement, the Company agrees to deliver the Warrant Shares subject to such notice(s) by 4:00 p.m. (New York City time) on the Initial Exercise Date and the Initial Exercise Date shall be the Warrant Share Delivery Date for purposes hereunder.
ii. Delivery of New Warrants Upon Exercise. If this Warrant shall have been exercised in part, the Company shall, at the request of a Holder and upon surrender of this Warrant certificate, at the time of delivery of the Warrant Shares, deliver to the Holder a new Warrant evidencing the rights of the Holder to purchase the unpurchased Warrant Shares called for by this Warrant, which new Warrant shall in all other respects be identical with this Warrant.
iii. Rescission Rights. If the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) by the Warrant Share Delivery Date, then the Holder will have the right to rescind such exercise.
iv. Compensation for Buy-In on Failure to Timely Deliver Warrant Shares upon Exercise. In addition to any other rights available to the Holder, if the Company fails to cause the Transfer Agent to transmit to the Holder the Warrant Shares in accordance with the provisions of Section 2(d)(i) above pursuant to an exercise on or before the Warrant Share Delivery Date, and if after such date the Holder is required by its broker to purchase (in an open market transaction or otherwise) or the Holder’s brokerage firm otherwise purchases, Ordinary Shares to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by the Holder of the Warrant Shares which the Holder anticipated receiving upon such exercise (a “Buy-In”), then the Company shall (A) pay in cash to the Holder the amount, if any, by which (x) the Holder’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions, if any) for the Ordinary Shares so purchased exceeds (y) the amount obtained by multiplying (1) the number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to the Holder in connection with the exercise at issue times (2) the price at which the sell order giving rise to such purchase obligation was executed, and (B) at the option of the Holder, either reinstate the portion of the Warrant and equivalent number of Warrant Shares for which such exercise was not honored and return any amount received by the Company in respect of the Exercise Price for those Warrant Shares (in which case such exercise shall be deemed rescinded) or deliver to the Holder the number of Ordinary Shares that would have been issued had the Company timely complied with its exercise and delivery obligations hereunder. For example, if the Holder purchases Ordinary Shares having a total purchase price of $11,000 to cover a Buy-In with respect to an attempted exercise of Ordinary Shares with an aggregate sale price giving rise to such purchase obligation of $10,000, under clause (A) of the immediately preceding sentence the Company shall be required to pay the Holder $1,000. The Holder shall provide the Company written notice indicating the amounts payable to the Holder in respect of the Buy-In and, upon request of the Company, evidence of the amount of such loss. Nothing herein shall limit a Holder’s right to pursue any other remedies available to it hereunder, at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief with respect to the Company’s failure to timely deliver Ordinary Shares upon exercise of the Warrant as required pursuant to the terms hereof.
v. No Fractional Shares or Scrip. No fractional shares or scrip representing fractional shares shall be issued upon the exercise of this Warrant. As to any fraction of a share which the Holder would otherwise be entitled to purchase upon such exercise, the Company shall, at its election, either pay a cash adjustment in respect of such final fraction in an amount equal to such fraction multiplied by the Exercise Price or round up to the next whole Ordinary Share.
vi. Charges, Taxes and Expenses. Issuance of Warrant Shares shall be made without charge to the Holder for any issue or transfer tax or other incidental expense in respect of the issuance of such Warrant Shares, all of which taxes and expenses shall be paid by the Company, and such Warrant Shares shall be issued in the name of the Holder or in such name or names as may be directed by the Holder; provided, however, that, in the event that Warrant Shares are to be issued in a name other than the name of the Holder, this Warrant when surrendered for exercise shall be accompanied by the Assignment Form attached hereto as Exhibit B duly executed by the Holder and the Company may require, as a condition thereto, the payment of a sum sufficient to reimburse it for any transfer tax incidental thereto. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees required for same-day processing of any Notice of Exercise and all fees to the Depository Trust Company (or another established clearing corporation performing similar functions) required for same-day electronic delivery of the Warrant Shares.
vii. Closing of Books. The Company will not close its shareholder books register of members or records in any manner which prevents the timely exercise of this Warrant, pursuant to the terms hereof.
e) Holder’s Exercise Limitations. The Company shall not effect any exercise of this Warrant, and a Holder shall not have the right to exercise any portion of this Warrant, pursuant to Section 2 or otherwise, to the extent that after giving effect to such issuance after exercise as set forth on the applicable Notice of Exercise, the Holder (together with the Holder’s Affiliates, and any other Persons acting as a group together with the Holder or any of the Holder’s Affiliates (such Persons, “Attribution Parties”)), would beneficially own in excess of the Beneficial Ownership Limitation (as defined below). For purposes of the foregoing sentence, the number of Ordinary Shares beneficially owned by the Holder and its Affiliates and Attribution Parties shall include the number of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant with respect to which such determination is being made, but shall exclude the number of Ordinary Shares which would be issuable upon (i) exercise of the remaining, unexercised portion of this Warrant beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties and (ii) exercise or conversion of the unexercised or unconverted portion of any other securities of the Company (including, without limitation, any other Ordinary Share Equivalents) subject to a limitation on conversion or exercise analogous to the limitation contained herein beneficially owned by the Holder or any of its Affiliates or Attribution Parties. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, for purposes of this Section 2(e), beneficial ownership shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, it being acknowledged by the Holder that the Company is not representing to the Holder that such calculation is in compliance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the Holder is solely responsible for any schedules required to be filed in accordance therewith. To the extent that the limitation contained in this Section 2(e) applies, the determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable shall be in the sole discretion of the Holder, and the submission of a Notice of Exercise shall be deemed to be the Holder’s determination of whether this Warrant is exercisable (in relation to other securities owned by the Holder together with any Affiliates and Attribution Parties) and of which portion of this Warrant is exercisable, in each case subject to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, and the Company shall have no obligation to verify or confirm the accuracy of such determination. In addition, a determination as to any group status as contemplated above shall be determined in accordance with Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. For purposes of this Section 2(e), in determining the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares, a Holder may rely on the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares as reflected in (A) the Company’s most recent periodic or annual report filed with the Commission, as the case may be, (B) a more recent public announcement by the Company or (C) a more recent written notice by the Company or the Transfer Agent setting forth the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding. Upon the written or oral request of a Holder, the Company shall within one (1) Trading Day confirm orally and in writing to the Holder the number of Ordinary Shares then outstanding. In any case, the number of outstanding Ordinary Shares shall be determined after giving effect to the conversion or exercise of securities of the Company, including this Warrant, by the Holder or its Affiliates or Attribution Parties since the date as of which such number of outstanding Ordinary Shares was reported. The “Beneficial Ownership Limitation” shall be 4.99% (or, upon election by a Holder prior to the issuance of any Warrants, 9.99%) of the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant. The Holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase or decrease the Beneficial Ownership Limitation provisions of this Section 2(e), provided that the Beneficial Ownership Limitation in no event exceeds 9.99% of the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of Ordinary Shares upon exercise of this Warrant held by the Holder and the provisions of this Section 2(e) shall continue to apply. Any increase in the Beneficial Ownership Limitation will not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company. The provisions of this paragraph shall be construed and implemented in a manner otherwise than in strict conformity with the terms of this Section 2(e) to correct this paragraph (or any portion hereof) which may be defective or inconsistent with the intended Beneficial Ownership Limitation herein contained or to make changes or supplements necessary or desirable to properly give effect to such limitation. The limitations contained in this paragraph shall apply to a successor holder of this Warrant.
Section 3. Certain Adjustments.
a) Share Dividends and Splits. If the Company, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding: (i) pays a stock dividend or otherwise makes a distribution or distributions on its Ordinary Shares or any other equity or equity equivalent securities payable in Ordinary Shares (which, for avoidance of doubt, shall not include any Ordinary Shares issued by the Company upon exercise of this Warrant), (ii) subdivides outstanding Ordinary Shares into a larger number of shares, (iii) combines (including by way of reverse stock split) outstanding Ordinary Shares into a smaller number of shares, or (iv) issues by reclassification of Ordinary Shares any shares of capital stock of the Company, then in each case the Exercise Price shall be multiplied by a fraction of which the numerator shall be the number of Ordinary Shares, and such other capital stock of the Company (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately before such event and of which the denominator shall be the number of Ordinary Shares and such other capital stock of the Company (excluding treasury shares, if any) outstanding immediately after such event, and the number of shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price shall equal the aggregate Exercise Price on the Initial Exercise Date. Any adjustment made pursuant to this Section 3(a) shall become effective immediately after the record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to receive such dividend or distribution and shall become effective immediately after the effective date in the case of a subdivision, combination or re-classification.
b) Reserved.
c) Subsequent Equity Sales. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding (such period, the “Adjustment Period”), the Company issues, sells, enters into an agreement to sell, or grants any option to purchase, or sells, enters into an agreement to sell, or grants any right to reprice, or otherwise disposes of or issues (or announces any offer, sale, grant or any option to purchase or other disposition), or, in accordance with this Section 3(c), is deemed to have issued or sold, any Ordinary Shares, or Ordinary Share Equivalents (excluding any Exempt Issuance issued or sold or deemed to have been issued or sold) for a consideration per share (the “New Issuance Price”) less than a price equal to the Exercise Price in effect immediately prior to such issue or sale or deemed issuance or sale (such Exercise Price then in effect is referred to as the “Applicable Price”) (the foregoing a “Dilutive Issuance”), then simultaneously with the consummation (or, if earlier, the announcement) of such Dilutive Issuance, the Exercise Price then in effect shall be reduced to an amount equal to the New Issuance Price, and the number of Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of this Warrant shall be proportionately adjusted such that the aggregate Exercise Price payable hereunder, after taking into account the decrease in the Exercise Price, shall be equal to the aggregate Exercise Price on the Initial Exercise Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no adjustments shall be made, paid or issued under this Section 3(c) in respect of an Exempt Issuance. The Company shall notify the Holder, in writing, no later than the Trading Day following the issuance or deemed issuance of any Ordinary Shares, or Ordinary Share Equivalents subject to this Section 3(c), indicating therein the applicable issuance price, or applicable reset price, exchange price, conversion price and other pricing terms (such notice, the “Dilutive Issuance Notice”). For purposes of clarification, whether or not the Company provides a Dilutive Issuance Notice pursuant to this Section 3(c), upon the occurrence of any Dilutive Issuance, the Holder is entitled to receive a number of Warrant Shares based upon the New Issuance Price regardless of whether the Holder accurately refers to the New Issuance Price in the Notice of Exercise. If the Company enters into a Variable Rate Transaction, the Company shall be deemed to have issued Ordinary Share, or Ordinary Share Equivalents at the lowest possible price, conversion price or exercise price at which such securities may be issued, converted or exercised. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any Ordinary Shares, or Ordinary Share Equivalents either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon, and/or varies with, the trading prices of or quotations for the Ordinary Shares at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Ordinary Shares, other than in connection with customary anti-dilution adjustments resulting from future stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions, or (ii) issues or sells any amortizing convertible security that amortizes prior to its maturity date, whereby it is required to or has the option to (or the investor in such security has the option to require the Company to) make such amortization payments in Ordinary Shares (whether or not such payments in stock are subject to certain equity conditions) or (iii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit or “at-the- market” offering, whereby it may sell securities at a future determined price, regardless of whether shares pursuant to such agreement have actually been issued and regardless of whether such agreement is subsequently canceled, provided that any issuance of shares upon the exercise of the Warrants will not be deemed a Variable Rate Transaction.
i. Issuance of Options. If the Company in any manner grants, issues or sells (or enters into any agreement to grant, issue or sell) any Options and the lowest price per share for which one share of Ordinary Shares is at any time issuable upon the exercise of any such Option or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalents issuable upon exercise of any such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof is less than the Applicable Price, then such share of Ordinary Shares shall be deemed to be outstanding and to have been issued and sold by the Company at the time of the granting, issuance or sale (or the time of execution of such agreement to grant, issue or sell, as applicable) of such Option for such price per share. For purposes of this Section 3(c)(i), the “lowest price per share for which one share of Ordinary Shares is at any time issuable upon the exercise of any such Options or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalents issuable upon exercise of any such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof” shall be equal to (1) the lower of (x) the sum of the lowest amounts of consideration (if any) received or receivable by the Company with respect to any one share of Ordinary Shares upon the granting, issuance or sale (or pursuant to the agreement to grant, issue or sell, as applicable) of such Option, upon exercise of such Option and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalent issuable upon exercise of such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof and (y) the lowest exercise price set forth in such Option for which one share of Ordinary Shares is issuable (or may become issuable assuming all possible market conditions) upon the exercise of any such Options or upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalents issuable upon exercise of any such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof minus (2) the sum of all amounts paid or payable to the holder of such Option (or any other Person) upon the granting, issuance or sale (or the agreement to grant, issue or sell, as applicable) such Option, upon exercise of such Option and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalent issuable upon exercise of such Option or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof plus the value of any other consideration received or receivable by, or benefit conferred on, the holder of such Option (or any other Person). Except as contemplated below, no further adjustment of the Exercise Price shall be made upon the actual issuance of such Ordinary Shares, or of such Ordinary Share Equivalents upon the exercise of such Options or otherwise pursuant to the terms of or upon the actual issuance of such Ordinary Shares upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Ordinary Share Equivalents.
ii. Issuance of Ordinary Share Equivalents. If the Company in any manner issues or sells (or enters into any agreement to issue or sell) any Ordinary Share Equivalents and the lowest price per share for which one Ordinary Share is at any time issuable upon the conversion, exercise or exchange thereof or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof is less than the Applicable Price, then such Ordinary Shares shall be deemed to be outstanding and to have been issued and sold by the Company at the time of the issuance or sale (or the time of execution of such agreement to issue or sell, as applicable) of such Ordinary Share Equivalents for such price per share. For the purposes of this Section 3(c)(ii), the “lowest price per share for which one Ordinary Share is at any time issuable upon the conversion, exercise or exchange thereof or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof” shall be equal to (1) the lower of (x) the sum of the lowest amounts of consideration (if any) received or receivable by the Company with respect to one Ordinary Shares upon the issuance or sale (or pursuant to the agreement to issue or sell, as applicable) of the Ordinary Share Equivalent and upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Ordinary Share Equivalent or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof and (y) the lowest conversion price set forth in such Ordinary Share Equivalent for which one Ordinary Shares is issuable (or may become issuable assuming all possible market conditions) upon conversion, exercise or exchange thereof or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof minus (2) the sum of all amounts paid or payable to the holder of such Ordinary Share Equivalent (or any other Person) upon the issuance or sale (or the agreement to issue or sell, as applicable) of such Ordinary Share Equivalent plus the value of any other consideration received or receivable by, or benefit conferred on, the holder of such Ordinary Share Equivalent (or any other Person). Except as contemplated below, no further adjustment of the Exercise Price shall be made upon the actual issuance of such Ordinary Shares upon conversion, exercise or exchange of such Ordinary Share Equivalents or otherwise pursuant to the terms thereof, and if any such issuance or sale of such Ordinary Share Equivalents is made upon exercise of any Options for which adjustment of this Warrant has been or is to be made pursuant to other provisions of this Section 3(c), except as contemplated below, no further adjustment of the Exercise Price shall be made by reason of such issuance or sale.
iii. Change in Option Price or Rate of Conversion. If the purchase or exercise price provided for in any Options, the additional consideration, if any, payable upon the issue, conversion, exercise or exchange of any Ordinary Share Equivalents, or the rate at which any Ordinary Share Equivalents are convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Ordinary Shares increases or decreases at any time (other than proportional changes in conversion or exercise prices, as applicable, in connection with an event referred to in Section 3(a)), the Exercise Price in effect at the time of such increase or decrease shall be adjusted to the Exercise Price which would have been in effect at such time had such Options or Ordinary Share Equivalents provided for such increased or decreased purchase price, additional consideration or increased or decreased conversion rate, as the case may be, at the time initially granted, issued or sold. For purposes of this Section 3(c)(iii), if the terms of any Option or Ordinary Share Equivalent that was outstanding as of the Initial Exercise Date are increased or decreased in the manner described in the immediately preceding sentence, then such Option or Ordinary Share Equivalent and the Ordinary Shares deemed issuable upon exercise, conversion or exchange thereof shall be deemed to have been issued as of the date of such increase or decrease. No adjustment pursuant to this Section 3(c) shall be made if such adjustment would result in an increase of the Exercise Price then in effect.
iv. Calculation of Consideration Received. If any Option and/or Ordinary Share Equivalents and/or Adjustment Right is issued in connection with the issuance or sale or deemed issuance or sale of any other securities of the Company (as determined by the Holder, the “Primary Security”, and such Option and/or Ordinary Share Equivalents and/or Adjustment Right, the “Secondary Securities” and together with the Primary Security, each a “Unit”), together comprising one integrated transaction, the aggregate consideration per share of Ordinary Shares with respect to such Primary Security shall be deemed to be the lowest of (x) the purchase price of such Unit, (y) if such Primary Security is an Option and/or Ordinary Share Equivalent, the lowest price per share for which one Ordinary Shares is at any time issuable upon the exercise or conversion of the Primary Security in accordance with Section 3(c)(i) or 3(c)(ii) above and (z) the lowest VWAP of the Ordinary Shares on any Trading Day during the five (5) Trading Day period (the “Adjustment Period”) immediately following the public announcement of such Dilutive Issuance (for the avoidance of doubt, if such public announcement is released prior to the opening of the applicable Trading Market on a Trading Day, such Trading Day shall be the first Trading Day in such five Trading Day period and if this Warrant is exercised, on any given Exercise Date during any such Adjustment Period, solely with respect to such portion of this Warrant converted on such applicable Exercise Date, such applicable Adjustment Period shall be deemed to have ended on, and included, the Trading Day immediately prior to such Exercise Date). If any Ordinary Shares, Options or Ordinary Share Equivalents are issued or sold or deemed to have been issued or sold for cash, the consideration received therefor will be deemed to be the net amount of consideration received by the Company therefor. If any Ordinary Shares, Options or Ordinary Share Equivalents are issued or sold for a consideration other than cash, the amount of such consideration received by the Company will be the fair value of such consideration, except where such consideration consists of publicly traded securities, in which case the amount of consideration received by the Company for such securities will be the arithmetic average of the VWAPs of such security for each of the five (5) Trading Days immediately preceding the date of receipt. If any Ordinary Shares, Options or Ordinary Share Equivalents are issued to the owners of the non-surviving entity in connection with any merger in which the Company is the surviving entity, the amount of consideration therefor will be deemed to be the fair value of such portion of the net assets and business of the non-surviving entity as is attributable to such Ordinary Shares, Options or Ordinary Share Equivalents (as the case may be). The fair value of any consideration other than cash or publicly traded securities will be determined jointly by the Company and the Holder. If such parties are unable to reach agreement within ten (10) days after the occurrence of an event requiring valuation (the “Valuation Event”), the fair value of such consideration will be determined within five (5) Trading Days after the tenth (10th) day following such Valuation Event by an independent, reputable appraiser jointly selected by the Company and the Holder. The determination of such appraiser shall be final and binding upon all parties absent manifest error and the fees and expenses of such appraiser shall be borne by the Company. For purposes of hereof, “Adjustment Right” means any right granted with respect to any securities issued in connection with, or with respect to, any issuance or sale (or deemed issuance or sale in accordance with this Section 3(c) of Ordinary Shares that could result in a decrease in the net consideration received by the Company in connection with, or with respect to, such securities (including, without limitation, any cash settlement rights, cash adjustment or other similar rights).
v. Record Date. If the Company takes a record of the holders of Ordinary Shares for the purpose of entitling them (A) to receive a dividend or other distribution payable in Ordinary Shares, Options or in Ordinary Share Equivalents or (B) to subscribe for or purchase Ordinary Shares, Options or Ordinary Share Equivalents, then such record date will be deemed to be the date of the issuance or sale of the Ordinary Shares deemed to have been issued or sold upon the declaration of such dividend or the making of such other distribution or the date of the granting of such right of subscription or purchase (as the case may be).
d) Subsequent Rights Offerings. In addition to any adjustments pursuant to Section 3(a) above, if at any time the Company grants, issues or sells any Ordinary Share Equivalents or rights to purchase shares, warrants, securities or other property pro rata to all (or substantially all) of the record holders of any class of Ordinary Shares (the “Purchase Rights”), then the Holder will be entitled to acquire, upon the terms applicable to such Purchase Rights, the aggregate Purchase Rights which the Holder could have acquired if the Holder had held the number of Ordinary Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date on which a record is taken for the grant, issuance or sale of such Purchase Rights, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the grant, issue or sale of such Purchase Rights (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Purchase Right would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Purchase Right to such extent (or beneficial ownership of such Ordinary Shares as a result of such Purchase Right to such extent) and such Purchase Right to such extent shall be held in abeyance for the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation).
e) Pro Rata Distributions. During such time as this Warrant is outstanding, if the Company shall declare or make any dividend or other distribution of its assets (or rights to acquire its assets) to all (or substantially all) holders of Ordinary Shares, by way of return of capital or otherwise (including, without limitation, any distribution of cash, shares or other securities, property or options by way of a dividend, spin off, reclassification, corporate rearrangement, scheme of arrangement or other similar transaction) (a “Distribution”), at any time after the issuance of this Warrant, then, in each such case, the Holder shall be entitled to participate in such Distribution to the same extent that the Holder would have participated therein if the Holder had held the number of Ordinary Shares acquirable upon complete exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on exercise hereof, including without limitation, the Beneficial Ownership Limitation) immediately before the date of which a record is taken for such Distribution, or, if no such record is taken, the date as of which the record holders of Ordinary Shares are to be determined for the participation in such Distribution (provided, however, that, to the extent that the Holder’s right to participate in any such Distribution would result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation, then the Holder shall not be entitled to participate in such Distribution to such extent (or in the beneficial ownership of any Ordinary Shares as a result of such Distribution to such extent) and the portion of such Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until such time, if ever, as its right thereto would not result in the Holder exceeding the Beneficial Ownership Limitation). To the extent that this Warrant has not been partially or completely exercised at the time of such Distribution, such portion of the Distribution shall be held in abeyance for the benefit of the Holder until the Holder has exercised this Warrant.
f) Fundamental Transaction. If, at any time while this Warrant is outstanding, (i) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another Person , (ii) the Company or any Subsidiary, directly or indirectly, effects any sale, lease, license, assignment, transfer, conveyance or other disposition of all or substantially all of its assets in one or a series of related transactions, (iii) any, direct or indirect, purchase offer, tender offer or exchange offer (whether by the Company or another Person) is completed pursuant to which holders of Ordinary Shares are permitted to sell, tender or exchange their shares for other securities, cash or property and has been accepted by the holders of 50% or more of the outstanding Ordinary Shares or 50% or more of the voting power of the ordinary equity of the Company, (iv) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions effects any reclassification, reorganization or recapitalization of the Ordinary Shares or any compulsory share exchange pursuant to which the Ordinary Shares are effectively converted into or exchanged for other securities, cash or property, or (v) the Company, directly or indirectly, in one or more related transactions consummates a stock or share purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off, merger or scheme of arrangement) with another Person or group of Persons whereby such other Person or group acquires 50% or more of the outstanding Ordinary Shares or 50% or more of the voting power of the ordinary equity of the Company (each a “Fundamental Transaction”), then, upon any subsequent exercise of this Warrant, the Holder shall have the right to receive, for each Warrant Share that would have been issuable upon such exercise immediately prior to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction, at the option of the Holder (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant), the number of Ordinary Shares of the successor or acquiring corporation or of the Company, if it is the surviving corporation, and any additional consideration (the “Alternate Consideration”) receivable as a result of such Fundamental Transaction by a holder of the number of Ordinary Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction (without regard to any limitation in Section 2(e) on the exercise of this Warrant). For purposes of any such exercise, the determination of the Exercise Price shall be appropriately adjusted to apply to such Alternate Consideration based on the amount of Alternate Consideration issuable in respect of one Ordinary Share in such Fundamental Transaction, and the Company shall apportion the Exercise Price among the Alternate Consideration in a reasonable manner reflecting the relative value of any different components of the Alternate Consideration. If holders of Ordinary Shares are given any choice as to the securities, cash or property to be received in a Fundamental Transaction, then the Holder shall be given the same choice as to the Alternate Consideration it receives upon any exercise of this Warrant following such Fundamental Transaction. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, in the event of a Fundamental Transaction, the Company or any Successor Entity (as defined below) shall, at the Holder’s option, exercisable at any time concurrently with, or within 30 days after, the consummation of the Fundamental Transaction (or, if later, the date of the public announcement of the applicable Fundamental Transaction), purchase this Warrant from the Holder by paying to the Holder an amount of cash equal to the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the remaining unexercised portion of this Warrant on the date of the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction; provided, however, that, if the Fundamental Transaction is not within the Company’s control, including not approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, the Holder shall only be entitled to receive from the Company or any Successor Entity the same type or form of consideration (and in the same proportion), at the Black Scholes Value (as defined below) of the unexercised portion of this Warrant, that is being offered and paid to the holders of Ordinary Shares of the Company in connection with the Fundamental Transaction, whether that consideration be in the form of cash, stock or any combination thereof, or whether the holders of Ordinary Shares are given the choice to receive from among alternative forms of consideration in connection with the Fundamental Transaction; provided, further, that if holders of Ordinary Shares of the Company are not offered or paid any consideration in such Fundamental Transaction, such holders of Ordinary Shares will be deemed to have received common stock or ordinary shares, as applicable, of the Successor Entity (which Entity may be the Company following such Fundamental Transaction) in such Fundamental Transaction. “Black Scholes Value” means the value of this Warrant based on the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model obtained from the “OV” function on Bloomberg, L.P. (“Bloomberg”) determined as of the day of consummation of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction for pricing purposes and reflecting (A) a risk-free interest rate corresponding to the U.S. Treasury rate for a period equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date, (B) an expected volatility equal to the greater of (1) 100% and (2) the 100 day volatility as obtained from the HVT function on Bloomberg (determined utilizing a 365 day annualization factor) as of the Trading Day immediately following the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction, (C) the underlying price per share used in such calculation shall be the greater of (i) the sum of the price per share being offered in cash, if any, plus the value of any non-cash consideration, if any, being offered in such Fundamental Transaction and (ii) the highest VWAP during the period beginning on the Trading Day immediately preceding the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction (or the consummation of the applicable Fundamental Transaction, if earlier) and ending on the Trading Day of the Holder’s request pursuant to this Section 3(e) and (D) a remaining option time equal to the time between the date of the public announcement of the applicable contemplated Fundamental Transaction and the Termination Date and (E) a zero cost of borrow. The payment of the Black Scholes Value will be made by wire transfer of immediately available funds (or such other consideration) within the later of (i) five (5) Business Days after the Holder’s election and (ii) the date of consummation of the Fundamental Transaction. The Company shall cause any successor entity in a Fundamental Transaction in which the Company is not the survivor (the “Successor Entity”) to assume in writing all of the obligations of the Company under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3(f) pursuant to written agreements in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Holder and approved by the Holder (without unreasonable delay) prior to such Fundamental Transaction and shall, at the option of the Holder, deliver to the Holder in exchange for this Warrant a security of the Successor Entity evidenced by a written instrument substantially similar in form and substance to this Warrant that is exercisable for a corresponding number of shares of capital stock of such Successor Entity (or its parent entity) equivalent to the Ordinary Shares acquirable and receivable upon exercise of this Warrant (without regard to any limitations on the exercise of this Warrant) prior to such Fundamental Transaction, and with an exercise price which applies the exercise price hereunder to such shares of capital stock (but taking into account the relative value of the Ordinary Shares prior to such Fundamental Transaction and the value of such shares of capital stock, such number of shares of capital stock and such exercise price being for the purpose of protecting the economic value of this Warrant immediately prior to the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction), and which is reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to the Holder. Upon the occurrence of any such Fundamental Transaction, the Successor Entity shall be added to the term “Company” under this Warrant (so that from and after the occurrence or consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, each and every provision of this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents referring to the “Company” shall refer instead to each of the Company and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally), and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally with the Company, may exercise every right and power of the Company prior thereto and the Successor Entity or Successor Entities shall assume all of the obligations of the Company prior thereto under this Warrant and the other Transaction Documents with the same effect as if the Company and such Successor Entity or Successor Entities, jointly and severally, had been named as the Company herein. For the avoidance of doubt, the Holder shall be entitled to the benefits of the provisions of this Section 3(e) regardless of (i) whether the Company has sufficient authorized Ordinary Shares for the issuance of Warrant Shares and/or (ii) whether a Fundamental Transaction occurs prior to the Initial Exercise Date. The Company shall instruct the Transfer Agent in writing to mail, by first class mail, postage prepaid, to each Holder, written notice of the execution of any such amendment, supplement or agreement with the Successor Entity. Any supplemented or amended agreement entered into by the successor corporation or transferee shall provide for adjustments, which shall be as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments provided for in this Section 3(f). The Transfer Agent shall have no duty, responsibility or obligation to determine the correctness of any provisions contained in such agreement or such notice, including but not limited to any provisions relating either to the kind or amount of securities or other property receivable upon exercise of warrants or with respect to the method employed and provided therein for any adjustments, and shall be entitled to rely conclusively for all purposes upon the provisions contained in any such agreement. The provisions of this Section 3(f) shall similarly apply to successive reclassifications, changes, consolidations, mergers, sales and conveyances of the kind described above
g) Calculations. All calculations under this Section 3 shall be made to the nearest cent or the nearest 1/100th of a share, as the case may be. For purposes of this Section 3, the number of Ordinary Shares deemed to be issued and outstanding as of a given date shall be the sum of the number of Ordinary Shares (excluding treasury shares, if any) issued and outstanding.
h) Notice to Holder.
i. Adjustment to Exercise Price. Whenever the Exercise Price is adjusted pursuant to any provision of this Section 3, the Company shall promptly deliver to the Holder by email a notice setting forth the Exercise Price after such adjustment and any resulting adjustment to the number of Warrant Shares and setting forth a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment.
ii. Notice to Allow Exercise by Holder. If (A) the Company shall declare a dividend (or any other distribution in whatever form) on the Ordinary Shares, (B) the Company shall declare a special nonrecurring cash dividend on or a redemption of the Ordinary Shares, (C) the Company shall authorize the granting to all holders of the Ordinary Share rights or warrants to subscribe for or purchase any shares of any class or of any rights, (D) the approval of any shareholders of the Company shall be required in connection with any reclassification of the Ordinary Shares, any consolidation or merger to which the Company (or any of its Subsidiaries) is a party, any sale or transfer of all or substantially all of its assets, or any compulsory share exchange whereby the Ordinary Shares are converted into other securities, cash or property, or (E) the Company shall authorize the voluntary or involuntary dissolution, liquidation or winding up of the affairs of the Company, then, in each case, the Company shall cause to be delivered by email to the Holder at its last email address as it shall appear upon the Warrant Register of the Company, at least 10 calendar days prior to the applicable record or effective date hereinafter specified, a notice stating (x) the date on which a record is to be taken for the purpose of such dividend, distribution, redemption, rights or warrants, or if a record is not to be taken, the date as of which the holders of the Ordinary Shares of record to be entitled to such dividend, distributions, redemption, rights or warrants are to be determined or (y) the date on which such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange is expected to become effective or close, and the date as of which it is expected that holders of the Ordinary Shares of record shall be entitled to exchange their Ordinary Shares for securities, cash or other property deliverable upon such reclassification, consolidation, merger, sale, transfer or share exchange; provided that the failure to deliver such notice or any defect therein or in the delivery thereof shall not affect the validity of the corporate action required to be specified in such notice. To the extent that any notice provided in this Warrant constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any of the Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K. The Holder shall remain entitled to exercise this Warrant during the period commencing on the date of such notice to the effective date of the event triggering such notice except as may otherwise be expressly set forth herein.
i) Voluntary Adjustment By Company. Subject to the rules and regulations of the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares is then listed, the Company may at any time during the term of this Warrant, subject to the prior written consent of the Holder, reduce the then current Exercise Price to any amount and for any period of time deemed appropriate by the board of directors of the Company.
Section 4. Transfer of Warrant.
a) Transferability. Subject to compliance with any applicable securities laws and the conditions set forth in Section 4(d) hereof, this Warrant and all rights hereunder (including, without limitation, any registration rights) are transferable, in whole or in part, upon surrender of this Warrant at the principal office of the Company or its designated agent, together with a written assignment of this Warrant substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B duly executed by the Holder or its agent or attorney and funds sufficient to pay any transfer taxes payable upon the making of such transfer. Upon such surrender and, if required, such payment, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in the name of the assignee or assignees, as applicable, and in the denomination or denominations specified in such instrument of assignment, and shall issue to the assignor a new Warrant evidencing the portion of this Warrant not so assigned, and this Warrant shall promptly be cancelled. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Holder shall not be required to physically surrender this Warrant to the Company unless the Holder has assigned this Warrant in full, in which case, the Holder shall surrender this Warrant to the Company within three (3) Trading Days of the date on which the Holder delivers an assignment form to the Company assigning this Warrant in full. The Warrant, if properly assigned in accordance herewith, may be exercised by a new holder for the purchase of Warrant Shares without having a new Warrant issued.
b) New Warrants. This Warrant may be divided or combined with other Warrants upon presentation hereof at the aforesaid office of the Company, together with a written notice specifying the names and denominations in which new Warrants are to be issued, signed by the Holder or its agent or attorney. Subject to compliance with Section 4(a), as to any transfer which may be involved in such division or combination, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Warrant or Warrants in exchange for the Warrant or Warrants to be divided or combined in accordance with such notice. All Warrants issued on transfers or exchanges shall be dated the initial issuance date of this Warrant and shall be identical with this Warrant except as to the number of Warrant Shares issuable pursuant thereto.
c) Warrant Register. The Company shall register this Warrant, upon records to be maintained by the Company for that purpose (the “Warrant Register”), in the name of the record Holder hereof from time to time. The Company may deem and treat the registered Holder of this Warrant as the absolute owner hereof for the purpose of any exercise hereof or any distribution to the Holder, and for all other purposes, absent actual notice to the contrary.
d) Transfer Restrictions If, at the time of the surrender of this Warrant in connection with any transfer of this Warrant, the transfer of this Warrant shall not be either (i) registered pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and under applicable state securities or blue sky laws or (ii) eligible for resale without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions or current public information requirements pursuant to Rule 144, the Company may require, as a condition of allowing such transfer, that the Holder or transferee of this Warrant, provide to the Company an opinion of counsel, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company to the effect that the transfer of this Warrant does not require registration under the Securities Act.
e) Representation by the Holder. The Holder, by the acceptance hereof, represents and warrants that it is acquiring this Warrant and, upon any exercise hereof, will acquire the Warrant Shares issuable upon such exercise, for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Warrant Shares or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the Securities Act
Section 5. Registration Rights.
| a) | Demand Registration. |
| (i) | Grant of Right. Unless all of the Warrant Shares are included in an effective registration statement with a current prospectus, the Company, upon written demand (a “Demand Notice”) of the Holder(s) of a majority in interest of the Warrant Shares then outstanding (or issuable upon exercise of then-outstanding Warrants) (collectively, the “Demanding Holders”), agrees to register all or any portion of the Warrant Shares that are Registrable Securities (as defined below) under the Securities Act. The Company will use its best efforts to file a new registration statement or post-effective amendment to an existing registration statement with the Commission (a “Demand Registration Statement”) covering such Warrant Shares within sixty (60) days after receipt of a Demand Notice and to cause such Demand Registration Statement to be declared effective by the Commission as promptly as practicable thereafter, subject to review by the Commission; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to comply with a Demand Notice if the Company has filed a registration statement pursuant to which the Holder is entitled to piggyback registration rights under Section 5(b) hereof and either: (i) the Holder has elected to participate in the offering covered by such registration statement; or (ii) such registration statement relates to an underwritten primary offering of securities of the Company and such offering has not yet been consummated or withdrawn, until thirty (30) days after such offering is consummated. The Demanding Holders shall be entitled to make a maximum of two (2) Demand Notices, exercisable at any time during the term of this Warrant. The term of such demand registration rights shall be five (5) years commencing on the Closing Date (as defined in the Placement Agency Agreement) upon the issuance of this Warrant, and in no event extend beyond five (5) years, in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(C). |
“Registrable Securities” means the Warrant Shares; provided, however, that securities shall cease to constitute Registrable Securities when: (A) a registration statement covering such securities has been declared effective and such securities have been disposed of pursuant to such effective registration statement; (B) such securities are eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions and without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information requirements under Rule 144(c)(1); or (C) such securities have ceased to be outstanding.
| (ii) | Terms. All fees and expenses attendant to each Demand Registration Statement, including all SEC registration and filing fees, printing and engraving fees, fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company, blue sky fees and expenses, and all transfer agents’ fees, shall be borne by the Demanding Holders; provided, however, that in each case the Demanding Holders shall also pay any underwriting discounts and commissions attributable to the sale of the Warrant Shares. The Company agrees to use its best efforts to cause each Demand Registration Statement to become effective promptly and to qualify or register the Warrant Shares in such states as are reasonably requested by the Demanding Holders; provided, however, that in no event shall the Company be required to register or qualify the Warrant Shares in a state in which such registration or qualification would cause: (i) the Company to be obligated to register or license to do business in such state or to submit to general service of process in such state; or (ii) the principal shareholders of the Company to be obligated to escrow their Ordinary Shares of the Company. The Demanding Holders shall only use the prospectuses provided by the Company to sell the Warrant Shares covered by such Demand Registration Statement, and shall immediately cease to use any prospectus furnished by the Company if the Company advises the Demanding Holders that such prospectus may no longer be used due to a material misstatement or omission. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 5(a), the Demanding Holders shall be entitled to a maximum of two (2) Demand Registration Statements in the aggregate, and the term of such demand registration rights shall be five (5) years commencing on the Closing Date (as defined in the Placement Agency Agreement) upon the issuance of this Warrant, and in no event extend beyond five (5) years, in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(C). |
| b) | “Piggy-Back” Registration. |
| (i) | Grant of Right. Unless all of the Warrant Shares are Registrable Securities included in an effective registration statement with a current prospectus, for a period of two (2) years commencing on the Closing Date (as defined in the Placement Agency Agreement), the Holder shall have the right, exercisable on an unlimited number of occasions, to include all or any portion of the remaining Warrant Shares as part of any other registration of securities filed by the Company (other than: (i) a registration relating solely to employee benefit or equity compensation plans; or (ii) a registration relating to a transaction contemplated by Rule 145 promulgated under the Securities Act. Such piggyback registration rights shall terminate on the second (2nd) anniversary of the Closing Date in accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(8)(D). |
| (ii) | Terms. The Company shall bear all fees and expenses attendant to registering the Warrant Shares pursuant to Section 5(b)(i), including all SEC registration and filing fees, printing and engraving fees, fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company, blue sky fees and expenses, and all transfer agents’ fees; provided, however, that the Holder(s) shall pay any underwriting discounts and commissions attributable to the sale of the Warrant Shares. In the event of a proposed registration to which piggyback rights apply, the Company shall furnish the then Holder(s) of outstanding Warrant Shares with not less than thirty (30) days’ prior written notice of the proposed date of filing of such registration statement. Such notice obligation shall continue for each registration statement filed by the Company during the two (2) year period specified in Section 5(b)(i), until such time as all of the Warrant Shares have been sold or have otherwise ceased to be Registrable Securities. The Holder(s) shall exercise the piggyback rights provided for herein by giving written notice to the Company within ten (10) days of receipt of the Company’s notice of its intention to file a registration statement. There shall be no limit on the number of occasions on which the Holder(s) may exercise piggyback rights pursuant to this Section 5(b) during the applicable two (2) year period. |
c) Registration Maintenance. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to maintain the effectiveness of any registration statement filed pursuant to this Section 5 and to keep the prospectus included therein current until the earliest of: (i) the date on which all Warrant Shares covered by such registration statement have been disposed of pursuant to such effective registration statement; (ii) the date on which all such Warrant Shares become eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act without volume or manner-of-sale restrictions and without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with the current public information requirements under Rule 144(c)(1); or (iii) the date on which all such Warrant Shares have ceased to be outstanding. During any period when the Company fails to maintain an effective registration statement or a current prospectus relating thereto and a Holder desires to exercise this Warrant and, in the opinion of counsel to such Holder, Rule 144 is not available as an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for the resale of the Warrant Shares, the Company shall promptly file a registration statement covering the resale of such Warrant Shares and shall use its reasonable best efforts to have such registration statement declared effective by the Commission within thirty (30) days after filing.
Section 6. Miscellaneous.
a) No Rights as Shareholder until Exercise; No Settlement in Cash. This Warrant does not entitle the Holder to any voting rights, dividends or other rights as a shareholder of the Company prior to the exercise hereof as set forth in Section 2(d) (i), except as expressly set forth in Section 3. Without limiting any rights of a Holder to receive Warrant Shares on a “cashless exercise” pursuant to Section 2(c) or to receive cash payments pursuant to Section 2(d)(i) and Section 2(d)(iv) herein, in no event shall the Company be required to net cash settle an exercise of this Warrant.
b) Loss, Theft, Destruction or Mutilation of Warrant. The Company covenants that upon receipt by the Company of evidence reasonably satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Warrant or any stock certificate relating to the Warrant Shares, and in case of loss, theft or destruction, of indemnity or security reasonably satisfactory to it (which, in the case of the Warrant, shall not include the posting of any bond), and upon surrender and cancellation of such Warrant or stock certificate, if mutilated, the Company will make and deliver a new Warrant or stock certificate of like tenor and dated as of such cancellation, in lieu of such Warrant or stock certificate.
c) Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.
d) Authorized Shares.
The Company covenants that, during the period the Warrant is outstanding, it will have sufficient authorized and unissued Ordinary Shares to provide for the issuance of the Warrant Shares upon the exercise of any purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company further covenants that its issuance of this Warrant shall constitute full authority to its officers who are charged with the duty of issuing the necessary Warrant Shares upon the exercise of the purchase rights under this Warrant. The Company will take all such reasonable action as may be necessary to assure that such Warrant Shares may be issued as provided herein without violation of any applicable law or regulation, or of any requirements of the Trading Market upon which the Ordinary Shares may be listed. The Company covenants that all Warrant Shares which may be issued upon the exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant will, upon exercise of the purchase rights represented by this Warrant and payment for such Warrant Shares in accordance herewith and upon registration in the Register of Members of the Company, be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable (which means that no further sums are required to be paid by the holders thereof in connection with the issue thereof) and free from all taxes, liens and charges created by the Company in respect of the issue thereof (other than taxes in respect of any transfer occurring contemporaneously with such issue).
Except and to the extent as waived or consented to by the Holder, the Company shall not by any action, including, without limitation, amending its memorandum and articles of association or through any reorganization, transfer of assets, consolidation, merger, dissolution, issue or sale of securities or any other voluntary action, avoid or seek to avoid the observance or performance of any of the terms of this Warrant, but will at all times in good faith assist in the carrying out of all such terms and in the taking of all such actions as may be necessary or appropriate to protect the rights of Holder as set forth in this Warrant against impairment. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Company will (i) not increase the par value of any Warrant Shares above the amount payable therefor upon such exercise immediately prior to such increase in par value, (ii) take all such action as may be necessary or appropriate in order that the Company may validly and legally issue fully paid and nonassessable Warrant Shares upon the exercise of this Warrant and (iii) use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain all such authorizations, exemptions or consents from any public regulatory body having jurisdiction thereof, as may be, necessary to enable the Company to perform its obligations under this Warrant.
Before taking any action that would result in an adjustment in the number of Warrant Shares for which this Warrant is exercisable or in the Exercise Price, the Company shall obtain all such authorizations or exemptions thereof, or consents thereto, as may be necessary from any public regulatory body or bodies having jurisdiction thereof.
e) Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Warrant (whether brought against a party hereto or their respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Warrant and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action, suit or proceeding to enforce any provisions of this Warrant, the prevailing party in such action, suit or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for their reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this paragraph shall limit or restrict the federal district court in which a Holder may bring a claim under the federal securities laws.
f) Restrictions. The Holder acknowledges that the Warrant Shares acquired upon the exercise of this Warrant, if not registered, and the Holder does not utilize cashless exercise, will have restrictions upon resale imposed by state and federal securities laws.
g) Nonwaiver and Expenses. No course of dealing or any delay or failure to exercise any right hereunder on the part of Holder shall operate as a waiver of such right or otherwise prejudice the Holder’s rights, powers or remedies. No provision of this Warrant shall be construed as a waiver by the Holder of any rights which the Holder may have under the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. Without limiting any other provision of this Warrant or the Purchase Agreement, if the Company willfully and knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this Warrant, which results in any material damages to the Holder, the Company shall pay to the Holder such amounts as shall be sufficient to cover any costs and expenses including, but not limited to, reasonable attorneys’ fees, including those of appellate proceedings, incurred by the Holder in collecting any amounts due pursuant hereto or in otherwise enforcing any of its rights, powers or remedies hereunder.
h) Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Holders hereunder including, without limitation, any Notice of Exercise, shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service, addressed to the Company, at 695 Town Center Drive, Suite 1200, Costa Mesa, CA 92626, Attention: Thomas Ma, email address: tma@real.co, or such other email address or address as the Company may specify for such purposes by notice to the Holders. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries to be provided by the Company hereunder shall be in writing and delivered personally, by e-mail, or sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier service addressed to each Holder at the e-mail address or address of such Holder appearing on the books of the Company. Any notice or other communication or deliveries hereunder shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of (i) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any date, (ii) the next Trading Day after the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via e-mail at the e-mail address set forth in this Section on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (iii) the second Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service, or (iv) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. To the extent that any notice provided hereunder constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K.
i) Limitation of Liability. No provision hereof, in the absence of any affirmative action by the Holder to exercise this Warrant to purchase Warrant Shares, and no enumeration herein of the rights or privileges of the Holder, shall give rise to any liability of the Holder for the purchase price of any Ordinary Shares or as a shareholder of the Company, whether such liability is asserted by the Company or by creditors of the Company.
j) Remedies. The Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights granted by law, including recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Warrant. The Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of the provisions of this Warrant and hereby agrees to waive and not to assert the defense in any action for specific performance that a remedy at law would be adequate.
k) Successors and Assigns. Subject to applicable securities laws, this Warrant and the rights and obligations evidenced hereby shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and permitted assigns of the Company and the successors and permitted assigns of Holder. The provisions of this Warrant are intended to be for the benefit of any Holder from time to time of this Warrant and shall be enforceable by the Holder or holder of Warrant Shares.
l) Amendment. This Warrant may be modified or amended or the provisions hereof waived with the written consent of the Company, on the one hand, and the Holder, on the other hand.
m) Severability. Wherever possible, each provision of this Warrant shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable law, but if any provision of this Warrant shall be prohibited by or invalid under applicable law, such provision shall be ineffective to the extent of such prohibition or invalidity, without invalidating the remainder of such provisions or the remaining provisions of this Warrant.
n) Headings. The headings used in this Warrant are for the convenience of reference only and shall not, for any purpose, be deemed a part of this Warrant.
o) Currency. Unless otherwise indicated, all dollar amounts referred to in this Warrant are in United States Dollars (“U.S. Dollars”). All amounts owing under this Warrant shall be paid in U.S. Dollars. All amounts denominated in other currencies shall be converted in the U.S. Dollar equivalent amount in accordance with the Exchange Rate on the date of calculation. “Exchange Rate” means, in relation to any amount of currency to be converted into U.S. Dollars pursuant to this Warrant, the U.S. Dollar exchange rate as published in the Wall Street Journal (NY edition) on the relevant date of calculation.
********************
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Warrant to be executed by its officer thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above indicated.
| REAL MESSENGER CORPORATION | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | ||
| Its: | ||
Exhibit A
NOTICE OF EXERCISE
TO: REAL MESSENGER CORPORATION
(1) The undersigned hereby elects to purchase Warrant Shares of the Company pursuant to the terms of the attached Warrant (only if exercised in full), and tenders herewith payment of the exercise price in full, together with all applicable transfer taxes, if any.
(2) Payment shall take the form of (check applicable box):
☐ in lawful money of the United States; or
☐ if permitted the cancellation of such number of Warrant Shares as is necessary, in accordance with the formula set forth in subsection 2(c), to exercise this Warrant with respect to the maximum number of Warrant Shares purchasable pursuant to the cashless exercise procedure set forth in subsection 2(c).
(3) Please issue said Warrant Shares in the name of the undersigned or in such other name as is specified below:
_____________________________
The Warrant Shares shall be delivered to the following DWAC Account Number:
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
[SIGNATURE OF HOLDER]
Name of Investing Entity:
Signature of Authorized Signatory of Investing Entity:
Name of Authorized Signatory:
Title of Authorized Signatory:
Date:
Exhibit B
ASSIGNMENT FORM
(To assign the foregoing Warrant, execute this form and supply required information. Do not use this form to exercise the Warrant to purchase shares.)
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the foregoing Warrant and all rights evidenced thereby are hereby assigned to
| Name: | ||
| (Please Print) | ||
| Address: | ||
| (Please Print) | ||
| Phone Number: | ||
| Email Address: | ||
| Dated: ______________ | ||
| Holder’s Signature: ___________ | ||
| Holder’s Address: ___________ |
Exhibit 5.1

Real Messenger Corporation 89 Nexus Way, Camana Bay Grand Cayman, KY1-9009 Cayman Islands |
D +852 3656 6054 E nathan.powell@ogier.com D +852 3656 6061 E florence.chan@ogier.com | |
| FYC/ACG/513120.00001 |
26 May 2026
Dear Sirs
Real Messenger Corporation (the Company)
We have acted as Cayman Islands counsel to the Company in connection with the Company’s registration statement on Form F-1, including all amendments or supplements thereto (the Registration Statement), as filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended to date (the Act). The Registration Statement relates to the offering by the Company (the Offering) on a “best-efforts” basis of:
| (a) | up to 6,802,721 units of the Company (the Units, each an Unit), where each Unit consists of one (1) class A ordinary share of a par value of US$0.0001 each of the Company (the Class A Ordinary Share) or one (1) pre-funded warrant of the Company to purchase one (1) Class A Ordinary Share (each, a Pre-Funded Warrant, and collectively, the Pre-Funded Warrants), and one (1) common warrant of the Company entitling the holder to purchase one (1) Class A Ordinary Share exercisable pursuant to its terms (each, a Common Warrant, and collectively, the Common Warrants); |
| (b) | up to 204,081 placement agent warrants of the Company entitling the holder to purchase one (1) Class A Ordinary Share exercisable pursuant to its terms (the Placement Agent Warrants, each a Placement Agent Warrant); |
| (c) | up to 6,802,721 Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Pre-Funded Warrants; |
| (d) | up to 6,802,721 Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Common Warrants; and |
| (e) | up to 204,081 Class A Ordinary Shares underlying the Placement Agent Warrants. |
The Pre-Funded Warrants, the Common Warrants and the Placement Agent Warrants are collectively referred to as the Warrants.
Ogier Providing advice on British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands and Guernsey laws
Floor 11 Central Tower 28 Queen’s Road Central Central Hong Kong
T +852 3656 6000 F +852 3656 6001 ogier.com |
Partners Nicholas Plowman Nathan Powell Anthony Oakes Oliver Payne Kate Hodson David Nelson Joanne Collett Dennis Li Cecilia Li |
Yuki Yan David Lin Alan Wong Janice Chu Zhao Rong Ooi Rachel Huang** Florence Chan*‡ Richard Bennett**‡ James Bergstrom‡ |
* admitted in New Zealand ** admitted in England and Wales ‡ not ordinarily resident in Hong Kong |
| Page 2 of 6 |
The Units (including the Class A Ordinary Shares, the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Common Warrants comprised therein), the Placement Agent Warrants and the underlying Class A Ordinary Shares issuable upon the exercise of the relevant Warrants are collectively referred to as the Offering Securities.
We are furnishing this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 and Exhibit 23.2 to the Registration Statement.
Unless a contrary intention appears, all capitalised terms used in this opinion have the respective meanings set forth in the Documents.
| 1 | Documents examined |
For the purposes of giving this opinion, we have examined originals, copies, or drafts of the following documents (the Documents):
| (a) | the certificate of incorporation of the Company dated 27 June 2023 issued by the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands (the Registrar); | |
| (b) | the second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association of the Company as adopted by special resolutions of the Company passed on 5 May 2026 (the Memorandum and Articles); | |
| (c) | the certificate of good standing dated 19 May 2026 (the Good Standing Certificate) issued by the Registrar in respect of the Company; | |
| (d) | the register of directors and officers of the Company dated 27 February 2026 (the ROD); | |
| (e) | the listed shareholder list of the Company as provided to us on 15 May 2026 (the ROM, and together with the ROD, the Registers); | |
| (f) | a specimen certificate for Class A Ordinary Shares to be issued by the Company as exhibited to the Registration Statement; | |
| (g) | a draft form of the Common Warrant to be issued by the Company as exhibited to the Registration Statement; | |
| (h) | a draft form of the Placement Agent Warrant to be issued by the Company as exhibited to the Registration Statement; | |
| (i) | a draft form of the Pre-Funded Warrant to be issued by the Company as exhibited to the Registration Statement; | |
| (j) | a draft form of the securities purchase agreement to be entered into between the Company and each investor in connection with the Offering as exhibited to the Registration Statement (the Securities Purchase Agreement); | |
| (k) | a draft form of the placement agency agreement to be entered between the Company and Maxim Group LLC (the Placement Agency Agreement) as exhibited to the Registration Statement; | |
| (l) | the
certificate from a director of the Company dated |
| Page 3 of 6 |
| (m) | the written resolutions of the directors of the Company dated 19 May 2026 approving, among other things, the Company’s filing of the Registration Statement and issuance of the Offering Securities (the Board Resolutions); and | |
| (n) | the Registration Statement. |
The form of the Pre-Funded Warrant, the Common Warrant and the Placement Agent Warrant, together with the Securities Purchase Agreement and the Placement Agency Agreement shall be collectively referred to as the Documents.
| 2 | Assumptions |
In giving this opinion we have relied upon the assumptions set forth in this paragraph 2 without having carried out any independent investigation or verification in respect of those assumptions:
| (a) | all original documents examined by us are authentic and complete; | |
| (b) | all copy documents examined by us (whether in facsimile, electronic or other form) conform to the originals and those originals are authentic and complete; | |
| (c) | all signatures, seals, dates, stamps and markings (whether on original or copy documents) are genuine; | |
| (d) | each of the Good Standing Certificate, the Registers and the Director’s Certificate is accurate and complete as at the date of this opinion; | |
| (e) | the Memorandum and Articles provided to us are in full force and effect and have not been amended, varied, supplemented or revoked in any respect; | |
| (f) | all copies of the Registration Statement are true and correct copies and the Registration Statement conform in every material respect to the latest drafts of the same produced to us and, where the Registration Statement has been provided to us in successive drafts marked-up to indicate changes to such documents, all such changes have been so indicated; | |
| (g) | the Board Resolutions remains in full force and effect and have not been, and will not be, rescinded or amended, and each of the directors of the Company has acted in good faith with a view to the best interests of the Company and has exercised the standard of care, diligence and skill that is required of him or her in approving the Offering and the transactions set out in the Board Resolutions and no director has a financial interest in or other relationship to a party of the transactions contemplated by the Offering and the Board Resolutions which has not been properly disclosed in the Board Resolutions; | |
| (h) | neither the directors and shareholders of the Company have taken or will take any steps to wind up the Company or to appoint a liquidator or restructuring officer of the Company, and no receiver has been or will be appointed over any of the Company’s property or assets; | |
| (i) | the Company will issue the Offering Securities in furtherance of its objects as set out in its Memorandum; |
| Page 4 of 6 |
| (j) | the Company will have sufficient authorised but unissued share capital to effect the issue of any of the Class A Ordinary Shares, including the Underlying Shares, at the time of issuance, whether as a principal issue or on the conversion, exchange or exercise of any Offering Securities; | |
| (k) | each party (other than the Company) has capacity, power and authority to enter into and perform their obligations under all Documents entered into by such parties in connection with the issuance of the Offering Securities, and the due execution and delivery thereof by each party thereto; | |
| (l) | the Company will duly execute and delivery the Documents in the draft form as exhibited in the Registration Statement in accordance with the Board Resolutions; | |
| (m) | the Documents are, or will be, legal, valid, binding and enforceable against all relevant parties in accordance with their terms under the laws of the State of New York and all other relevant laws(the Relevant Law) (other than, with respect to the Company, the laws of the Cayman Islands); | |
| (n) | the choice of the Relevant Law as the governing law of the Documents has been made in good faith and would be regarded as a valid and binding selection which will be upheld by the courts of the State of New York and any other relevant jurisdiction (other than the Cayman Islands) as a matter of the Relevant Law and all other relevant laws (other than the laws of the Cayman Islands); | |
| (o) | no invitation has been or will be made by or on behalf of the Company to the public in the Cayman Islands to subscribe for any Unit and none of the Unit (nor the Class A Ordinary Shares underlying such securities) have been offered or issued to residents of the Cayman Islands; | |
| (p) | no monies paid to or for the account of any party under the Documents or in connection with any Offering Securities issuable under the Documents or any property received or disposed of by any party to the Documents or in connection with the Offering Securities issuable under the Documents, or the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby represent or will represent proceeds of criminal conduct or criminal property or terrorist property (as defined in the Proceeds of Crime Act (As Revised) and the Terrorism Act (As Revised), respectively); | |
| (q) | upon the issue of any Class A Ordinary Shares, whether as a principal issue or on the conversion, exchange or exercise of the Offering Securities in connection with the Offering, the Company will receive consideration for the full issue price which shall be equal to at least the par value thereof; | |
| (r) | the Company is, and after the issuance (where applicable) of the Offering Securities, able to pay its liabilities as they fall due; and | |
| (s) | there is no provision of the law of any jurisdiction, other than the Cayman Islands, which would have any implication in relation to the opinions expressed herein. |
| Page 5 of 6 |
| 3 | Opinions |
On the basis of the examinations and assumptions referred to above and subject to the limitations and qualifications set forth in paragraph 4 below, we are of the opinion that:
Corporate status
| (a) | The Company has been duly incorporated as an exempted company with limited liability and is validly existing and in good standing with the Registrar under the laws of the Cayman Islands. |
Authorised Share capital
| (b) | The authorised share capital of the Company is US$50,000 divided into 488,000,000 class A ordinary shares of a par value of USD0.0001 each and 12,000,000 class B ordinary shares of a par value of USD0.0001 each. |
Issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares
| (c) | The Class A Ordinary Shares included in the Units to be offered and issued by the Company as contemplated by the Registration Statement have been duly authorised for issue and when: |
| (i) | issued by the Company against payment in full of the consideration thereof in accordance with the terms set out in the Registration Statement, the terms set out in the applicable definitive Documents and the Company’s then effective memorandum and articles of association; and |
| (ii) | such issuance of Class A Ordinary Shares have been duly registered in the Company’s register of members as fully paid shares, and the payment of the consideration specified therein (being not less than the par value of the Class A Ordinary Shares) has been made in full, |
will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
| (d) | The underlying Class A Ordinary Shares issuable pursuant to the Warrants (the Underlying Shares), when the relevant Warrants are exercisable under the terms of the applicable definitive Documents approved by the Board as referred to within the Registration Statement have been duly authorised for reservation and issue, and when: |
| (i) | issued by the Company upon due exercise of the relevant Warrants in accordance with the terms of the applicable definitive Documents and the Company’s then effective memorandum and articles of association; and |
| (ii) | such issuance of Underlying Shares have been duly registered in the Company’s register of members as fully paid shares, and the payment of the consideration specified therein (being not less than the par value of the Underlying Shares) has been made in full, |
will be, subject to payment of the exercise price therefor under the terms of the applicable agreement, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
| Page 6 of 6 |
| 4 | Limitations and Qualifications |
| 4.1 | We offer no opinion: |
| (a) | as to any laws other than the laws of the Cayman Islands, and we have not, for the purposes of this opinion, made any investigation of the laws of any other jurisdiction, and we express no opinion as to the meaning, validity, or effect of references in the Documents and the Registration Statement to statutes, rules, regulations, codes or judicial authority of any jurisdiction other than the Cayman Islands; |
| (b) | except to the extent that this opinion expressly provides otherwise, as to the commercial terms of, or the validity, enforceability or effect of the Documents and the Registration Statement, the accuracy of representations, the fulfilment of warranties or conditions, the occurrence of events of default or terminating events or the existence of any conflicts or inconsistencies among the Documents and the Registration Statement and any other agreements into which the Company may have entered or any other documents; or |
| (c) | as to whether the acceptance, execution or performance of the Company’s obligations under the Documents or the applicable definitive agreement will result in the breach of or infringe any other agreement, deed or document (other than the Memorandum and Articles) entered into by or binding on the Company. |
| 4.2 | Under the Companies Act (Revised) (the Companies Act) of the Cayman Islands annual returns in respect of the Company must be filed with the Registrar, together with payment of annual filing fees. A failure to file annual returns and pay annual filing fees may result in the Company being struck off the Register of Companies, following which its assets will vest in the Financial Secretary of the Cayman Islands and will be subject to disposition or retention for the benefit of the public of the Cayman Islands. |
| 4.3 | In good standing means only that as of the date of this opinion the Company is up-to-date with the filing of its annual returns and payment of annual fees with the Registrar. We have made no enquiries into the Company’s good standing with respect to any filings or payment of fees, or both, that it may be required to make under the laws of the Cayman Islands other than the Companies Act. |
| 5 | Governing law of this opinion |
| 5.1 | This opinion is: |
| (a) | governed by, and shall be construed in accordance with, the laws of the Cayman Islands; |
| (b) | limited to the matters expressly stated in it; and |
| (c) | confined to, and given on the basis of, the laws and practice in the Cayman Islands at the date of this opinion. |
| 5.2 | Unless otherwise indicated, a reference to any specific Cayman Islands legislation is a reference to that legislation as amended to, and as in force at, the date of this opinion. |
| 6 | Reliance |
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm under the headings “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities” and “Legal Matters” of the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Rules and Regulations of the Commission thereunder.
This opinion may be used only in connection with the offer and sale of the Offering Securities while the Registration Statement is effective.
| Yours faithfully | |
| /s/ Ogier | |
| Ogier |
Exhibit 5.2
|
Loeb & Loeb LLP 2206-19
Jardine House Tel +852.3923.1111 Fax +852.3923.1100 Email HongKong@loeb.com |
樂博律師事務所有限法律責任合夥 香港中環康樂廣場1號 怡和大廈2206-19室
電話 +852.3923.1111
傳真 +852.3923.1100
電郵 HongKong@loeb.com |
May
Real Messenger Corporation
695 Town Centre Drive, Suite 1200
Costa Mesa, CA 92626
| Re: | Real Messenger Corporation |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We
have acted as special U.S. counsel to Real Messenger Corporation, a company established under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “Company”),
in connection with the registration statement on Form F-1, as amended, publicly filed by the Company with the U.S. Securities and Exchange
Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) on May
As special U.S. counsel to the Company in connection with the proposed potential issuance and sale of the above-referenced securities, we have reviewed the Registration Statement, Prospectus and the respective exhibits thereto. We have also reviewed such certificates of officers of the Company and such other matters as we have deemed necessary or appropriate for purposes of this opinion. In our examination, we have assumed: (i) the authenticity of original documents and the genuineness of all signatures; (ii) the conformity to the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies; (iii) the truth, accuracy and completeness of the information, representations and warranties contained in the instruments, documents, certificates and records we have reviewed; and (iv) all assumptions set forth in a separate opinion delivered to the Company on the date hereof by Ogier, special Cayman Islands counsel to the Company, including that the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of its obligations under the Warrants have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company.
Principal Robert CALDWELL Roy CHOI Michael FUNG Lewis HO Jeffrey KUNG Lynia LAU Shirley LAU Wallace LAU Alfred LEE Polly LIU Terence WONG
A Hong Kong firm of solicitors.
Los Angeles New York Chicago Nashville Washington, DC San Francisco Tysons Beijing Hong Kong www.loeb.com
For the United States offices, a limited liability partnership including professional corporations. For Hong Kong office, a limited liability partnership.
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Page 2 |
Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the assumptions, exceptions, qualifications and limitations set forth herein, we are of the opinion that the Warrants, when duly issued and sold as set forth in the Registration Statement and Prospectus for the consideration described therein, will be legal, valid and binding obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their terms.
The opinions expressed above are subject to the following additional exceptions, qualifications, limitations and assumptions:
| (i) | Our opinion expressed herein is limited to the federal laws of the United States and the laws of the State of New York. The opinions expressed herein are based upon the federal laws of the United States and the laws of the State of New York in effect on the date hereof and as of the effective date of the Registration Statement. We assume no obligation to revise or supplement this opinion in the event of future changes in such laws or the interpretations thereof or such facts. |
| (ii) | The opinion above is subject to (a) the effect of any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, arrangement or similar laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors’ generally, including without limitation the effect of statutory or other laws regarding fraudulent transfers or preferential transfers, and (b) general principles of equity, including without limitation concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith and fair dealing and the possible unavailability of specific performance, liquidated damages, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies regardless of whether enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law. |
We consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, and we further consent to the use of our name under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that forms a part thereof. In giving these consents, we do not thereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the Rules and Regulations of the SEC.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Loeb & Loeb LLP
Loeb & Loeb LLP
Exhibit 10.4
SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT
This Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of [●], 2026, between Real Messenger Corporation, a Cayman Islands exempted company (the “Company”), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its successors and assigns, a “Purchaser” and collectively the “Purchasers”).
WHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to (i) an effective registration statement under the Securities Act (as defined below), the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from the Company, securities of the Company as more fully described in this Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:
ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS
1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:
“Acquiring Person” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.5.
“Action” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).
“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 405 under the Securities Act.
“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.
“Business Day” means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York are authorized or required by law to remain closed; provided, however, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to “stay at home”, “shelter-in-place”, “non-essential employee” or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York are generally open for use by customers on such day.
“Closing” means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to Section 2.1.
“Closing Date” means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto, and all conditions precedent to (i) the Purchasers’ obligations to pay the Subscription Amount and (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Securities, in each case, have been satisfied or waived, but in no event later than the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date hereof.
“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Company Counsel” means Loeb & Loeb LLP, with offices located at 345 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10154.
“Disclosure Schedules” means the Disclosure Schedules of the Company delivered concurrently herewith.
“Disclosure Time” means, (i) if this Agreement is signed on a day that is not a Trading Day or after 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) and before midnight (New York City time) on any Trading Day, 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the Trading Day immediately following the date hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent, and (ii) if this Agreement is signed between midnight (New York City time) and 9:00 a.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, no later than 9:01 a.m. (New York City time) on the date hereof, unless otherwise instructed as to an earlier time by the Placement Agent.
“Evaluation Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(s).
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Exempt Issuance” means the issuance of (a) Ordinary Shares or options to employees, officers or directors of the Company pursuant to any stock or option plan duly adopted for such purpose, by a majority of the non-employee members of the Board of Directors or a majority of the members of a committee of non-employee directors established for such purpose for services rendered to the Company, provided, however, such issuance shall not exceed ten percent (10%) of the Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding as of the date hereof, (b) Ordinary Shares issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants, and Pre-Funded Warrants securities upon the exercise or exchange of or conversion of any Securities issued hereunder and/or other securities exercisable or exchangeable for or convertible into Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding on the date of this Agreement, provided that such securities have not been amended since the date of this Agreement to increase the number of such securities or to decrease the exercise price, exchange price or conversion price of such securities (other than in connection with stock splits or combinations) or to extend the term of such securities and (c) securities issued pursuant to acquisitions or strategic transactions approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided that such securities are issued as “restricted securities” (as defined in Rule 144), and provided that any such issuance shall only be to a Person (or to the equityholders of a Person) which is, itself or through its subsidiaries, an operating company or an owner of an asset in a business synergistic with the business of the Company and shall provide to the Company additional benefits in addition to the investment of funds, but shall not include a transaction in which the Company is issuing securities primarily for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities.
“FCPA” means the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.
“GAAP” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).
“HTFL” means Hunter Taubman Fischer & Li LLC with offices at 950 Third Avenue, 19th Floor, New York, NY 10022
“Indebtedness” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(aa).
“Intellectual Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(p).
“Legend Removal Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.1(c).
“Liens” means a lien, charge, pledge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.
“Lock-Up Agreements” means the written agreement, in the form of Exhibit B attached hereto, addressed to the Placement Agent by each of the Company’s directors and officer and beneficial holders of 5% or more of the Company’s Ordinary Shares.
“Material Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).
“Material Permits” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(n).
“Ordinary Shares” means the Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company, par value US$0.0001 per share, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.
“Ordinary Share Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Ordinary Shares, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, right, option, warrant or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Ordinary Shares.
“Per Share Purchase Price” equals US$[●], subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Ordinary Shares that occur after the date of this Agreement.
“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
“Placement Agent” means Maxim Group LLC.
“Placement Agency Agreement” means the Placement Agency Agreement dated as of [●], 2026 by and between the Company and the Placement Agent.
“Pre-funded Warrants” means, collectively, the Pre-Funded Ordinary Shares purchase warrants delivered to one or more of the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof, which Pre-Funded Warrants shall be exercisable immediately and will expire when exercised in full.
“Pre-Funded Warrant Shares” means the Ordinary Shares exercisable upon the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants.
“Proceeding” means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.
“Prospectus” means the final prospectus filed for the Registration Statement.
“Prospectus Supplement” means the supplement to the Prospectus complying with Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act that is filed with the Commission and delivered by the Company to each Purchaser at the Closing.
“Purchaser Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.8.
“Registration Statement” means the effective registration statement on Form F-1 with Commission (file No. 333-[●]) which registers the sale of the Shares to the Purchasers
“Required Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).
“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.
“Rule 424” means Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended or interpreted from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same purpose and effect as such Rule.
“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).
“Securities” means, collectively, the Shares, the Warrants, the Warrant Shares and the Pre-Funded Warrant Shares.
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Shares” means the Ordinary Shares, issued and issuable to each Purchaser and Warrant Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and certain Pre-funded Warrants issued to such Purchaser, as applicable, pursuant to this Agreement.
“Short Sales” means all “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act (but shall not be deemed to include locating and/or borrowing Ordinary Shares).
“Subscription Amount” means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for Shares, Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants purchased hereunder as specified below such Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the heading “Subscription Amount,” in United States dollars and in immediately available funds.
“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary or variable interest entity of the Company and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary or variable interest entity of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.
“Trading Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.
“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Ordinary Shares are listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American; the Nasdaq Capital Market; the Nasdaq Global Market; the Nasdaq Global Select Market; the New York Stock Exchange(or any successors to any of the foregoing).
“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement, the Warrants, the Pre-Funded Warrants, the Placement Agency Agreement all exhibits and schedules thereto and hereto and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.
“Transfer Agent” means Equiniti Trust Company, LLC,, the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 6201 15th Avenue, Brooklyn, NY11219,, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.
“Variable Rate Transaction” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.12(b).
“VWAP” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the daily volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on the Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares are then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a Trading Day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)); (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the volume weighted average price of the Ordinary Shares for such date (or the nearest preceding date) on OTCQB or OTCQX as applicable; (c) if the Ordinary Shares are not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Ordinary Shares are then reported on the Pink Sheet Open Market published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the most recent bid price per Ordinary Share so reported; or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of one Ordinary Share as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Purchasers of a majority in interest of the Securities then outstanding and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
“Warrants” means, the Ordinary Share purchase warrants delivered to the Purchasers at the Closing in accordance with Section 2.2(a) hereof, which Warrants shall be exercisable immediately at an exercise price of $[●] per Ordinary Share and have a term of exercise equal to five (5) years from the issuance date in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto.
“Warrant Shares” means the Ordinary Shares issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.
ARTICLE II
PURCHASE AND SALE
2.1 Closing. On the Closing Date, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, the Company agrees to sell, and the Purchasers, severally and not jointly, agree to purchase, up to an aggregate of US $[●] of Shares, Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants. Each Purchaser’s Subscription Amount as set forth on the signature page hereto executed by such Purchaser shall be made available for “Delivery Versus Payment” (“DVP”) settlement with the Company or its designee. The Company shall instruct the Transfer Agent to deliver to each Purchaser its respective Shares as determined pursuant to Section 2.2(a), the Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its respective Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants and the Company and each Purchaser shall deliver the other items set forth in Section 2.2 deliverable at the Closing. Upon satisfaction of the covenants and conditions set forth in Sections 2.2 and 2.3, the Closing shall occur at the offices of HTFL or such other location as the parties shall mutually agree. Unless otherwise directed by the Placement Agent, settlement of the Shares shall occur via DVP (i.e. on the Closing Date, the Company shall issue the Shares registered in the Purchasers’ names and addresses and released by the Transfer Agent directly to the account(s) at the Placement Agent identified by each Purchaser; upon receipt of such Shares, the Placement Agent shall promptly electronically deliver such Shares to the applicable Purchaser, the Company shall deliver to each Purchaser its respective Warrants and Pre-Funded Warrants, and payment therefor shall be made by the Placement Agent (or its clearing firm) by wire transfer to the Company. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary hereunder, to the extent that a Purchaser determines, in its sole discretion, that such Purchaser (together with such Purchaser’s Affiliates, and any Person acting as a group together with such purchaser or any of such Holder’s Affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 9.99% of the number of Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately after giving effect to the issuance of the Securities on the Closing Date (“Beneficial Ownership Maximum”), or as such Purchaser may otherwise choose, in lieu of Shares, to purchase Pre-Funded Warrants in such manner to result in the full Subscription Amount being paid by such Purchaser to the Company. In each case, the election to receive Pre-Funded Warrants is solely at the option of the Purchaser.
2.2 Deliveries.
(a) On or prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser and the Placement Agent the following. Other than with respect to item 2.2 (a)(v) below, these deliverables shall be reasonably acceptable to each Purchaser:
(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;
(ii) legal opinions of (w) Company Counsel with respect to U.S. laws and securities matters (including, without limitation, a negative assurance letter or statement); and (x) Ogier with respect to Cayman Islands laws, in each case addressed to the Placement Agent and each of the Purchasers, in a form satisfactory to HTFL, the Placement Agent and the Purchasers;
(iii) a cold comfort letter, addressed to the Placement Agent in form and substance reasonably satisfactory in all material respects from Marcum Asia CPAs LLP;
(iv) a duly executed and delivered Officers’ Certificate and Secretary’s Certificate, each in customary form and reasonably satisfactory to HTFL and the Placement Agent;
(v) subject to the last sentence of Section 2.1, a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to deliver on an expedited basis via The Depository Trust Company Deposit or Withdrawal at Custodian system (“DWAC”) Shares equal to such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, registered in the name of such Purchaser;
(vi) executed Lock-Up Agreements;
(vii) a Warrant registered in the name of such Purchaser to purchase up to a number of Ordinary Shares equal to 100% of such Purchaser’s Shares, with an exercise price equal to US$[●] per Ordinary Share, subject to adjustment therein; and
(viii) a Pre-Funded Warrant registered in the name of such Purchase to purchase up to a number of Ordinary Shares equal to such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount divided by the Per Pre-Funded Warrant Purchase Price with an exercise price of US$0.0001 per share, subject to adjustment therein.
(ix) the Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement (which may be delivered in accordance with Rule 172 under the Securities Act).
(b) On or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company the following:
(i) this Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser; and
(ii) such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount, which shall be made available for “Delivery Versus Payment” settlement with the Company or its designee.
2.3 Closing Conditions
(a) The obligations of the Company hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:
(i) the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Purchasers contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);
(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of each Purchaser required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed; and
(iii) the delivery by each Purchaser of the items set forth in Section 2.2(b) of this Agreement.
(b) The respective obligations of the Purchasers hereunder in connection with the Closing are subject to the following conditions being met:
(i) the accuracy in all material respects (or, to the extent representations or warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect, in all respects) when made and on the Closing Date of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein (unless as of a specific date therein in which case they shall be accurate as of such date);
(ii) all obligations, covenants and agreements of the Company required to be performed at or prior to the Closing Date shall have been performed;
(iii) the delivery by the Company of the items set forth in Section 2.2(a) of this Agreement;
(iv) there shall have been no Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company since the date hereof; and
(v) from the date hereof to the Closing Date, trading in the Ordinary Shares shall not have been suspended by the Commission or the Company’s principal Trading Market, and, at any time prior to the Closing Date, trading in securities generally as reported by Bloomberg L.P. shall not have been suspended or limited, or minimum prices shall not have been established on securities whose trades are reported by such service, or on any Trading Market, nor shall a banking moratorium have been declared either by the United States or New York State authorities nor shall there have occurred any material outbreak or escalation of hostilities or other national or international calamity of such magnitude in its effect on, or any material adverse change in, any financial market which, in each case, in the reasonable judgment of such Purchaser, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to purchase the Securities at the Closing.
2.4 Sales During Pre-Settlement Period. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, if at any time on or after the time of execution of this Agreement by the Company and an applicable Purchaser, through, and including the time immediately prior to the Closing (the “Pre-Settlement Period”), such Purchaser sells (excluding “short sales” as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO) to any Person all, or any portion, of any Shares to be issued hereunder to such Purchaser at the Closing (collectively, the “Pre-Settlement Shares”), such Purchaser shall, automatically hereunder (without any additional required actions by such Purchaser or the Company), be deemed to be unconditionally bound to purchase, and the Company shall be deemed unconditionally bound to sell, such Pre-Settlement Shares to such Purchaser at the Closing; provided, that the Company shall not be required to deliver any Pre-Settlement Shares to such Purchaser prior to the Company’s receipt of the purchase price of such Pre-Settlement Shares hereunder; and provided further that the Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that the foregoing shall not constitute a representation or covenant by such Purchaser as to whether or not during the Pre-Settlement Period such Purchaser shall sell any Shares to any Person and that any such decision to sell any Shares by such Purchaser shall be made, in the sole discretion of such Purchaser, at the time such Purchaser elects to effect any such sale, if any.
ARTICLE III
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules, which Disclosure Schedules shall be deemed a part hereof and shall qualify any representation or otherwise made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained in the corresponding section of the Disclosure Schedules, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to each Purchaser:
(a) Subsidiaries. All of the direct and indirect Subsidiaries of the Company and their respective jurisdictions of incorporation are set forth in the SEC Reports. The Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities.
(b) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation nor default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”) and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.
(c) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and each of the other Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company’s shareholders in connection herewith or therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. This Agreement and each other Transaction Document to which the Company is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligations of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation, possessory liens, rights of set off, merger, consolidation, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally as well as applicable international sanctions, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the statutory limitation of the time within which proceedings may be brought or availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies, (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law and (iv) that such obligations (a) may not be given effect to by a Cayman Islands court if and to the extent they constitute the payment of an amount which is in the nature of a penalty and (b) may not be given effect by a Cayman Islands court to the extent that they are to be performed in a jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands and such performance would be illegal under the laws of that jurisdiction.
(d) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which it is a party, the issuance and sale of the Securities and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of clause (ii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(e) Filings, Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filings required pursuant to Section 4.4 of this Agreement, (ii) the filing with the Commission of the Prospectus Supplement (iii) application(s) to each applicable Trading Market for the listing of the Shares and Warrant Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby and (iv) the filing of Form D with the Commission and such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws (collectively, the “Required Approvals”).
(f) Issuance of the Securities; Registration. The Securities are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Warrant Shares and the Ordinary Shares represented by the Warrant Shares, when issued in accordance with the respective terms of the Warrants, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of Ordinary Shares issuable pursuant to this Agreement and the Warrants. The Company has prepared and filed the Registration Statement in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act, which became effective on [●], 2026 (the “Effective Date”), including the Prospectus, and such amendments and supplements thereto as may have been required to the date of this Agreement. The Registration Statement is effective under the Securities Act and no stop order preventing or suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or suspending or preventing the use of the Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement has been issued by the Commission and no proceedings for that purpose have been instituted or, to the knowledge of the Company, are threatened by the Commission. The Company, if required by the rules and regulations of the Commission, shall file the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b). At the time the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto became effective, at the date of this Agreement and at the Closing Date, the Registration Statement and any amendments thereto conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; and the Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement and any amendments or supplements thereto, at the time the Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement or any amendment or supplement thereto was issued and at the Closing Date, conformed and will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and did not and will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company is a “foreign private issuer” as defined in Rule 405 of Regulation C under the Securities Act and Rule 3b-4 under the Exchange Act.
(g) Capitalization. The capitalization of the Company as of the date hereof is as set forth Prospectus. The number of Ordinary Shares owned beneficially, and of record, by Affiliates of the Company as of the date hereof is set forth in the Prospectus. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, the Company has not issued any Ordinary Shares or other shares of capital stock since the filing of its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options under the Company’s stock option plans, the issuance of Ordinary Shares to employees pursuant to the Company’s employee stock purchase plans and pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Ordinary Share Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act. No Person has any right of first refusal, preemptive right, right of participation, or any similar right to participate in the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g), there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any Ordinary Shares or the capital stock of any Subsidiary, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents or capital stock of any Subsidiary. The issuance and sale of the Securities will not obligate the Company or any Subsidiary to issue Ordinary Shares or other securities to any Person (other than the Purchasers) and will not result in a right of any holder of Company securities to adjust the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price under any of such securities. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(g), there are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company or any Subsidiary that contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or such Subsidiary. The Company does not have any stock appreciation rights or “phantom stock” plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. All of the outstanding Ordinary Shares and any other shares of capital stock of the Company are duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. No further approval or authorization of any shareholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Securities. There are no shareholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s Ordinary Shares or other shares of capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s shareholders.
(h) SEC Reports; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, together with the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Additionally, any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement, when such documents are filed with the Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and the applicable rules and regulations, as applicable, and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made not misleading. No post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement reflecting any facts or events arising after the date thereof which represent, individually or in the aggregate, a fundamental change in the information set forth therein is required to be filed with the Commission. The Company has not been an issuer subject to Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act. As of their respective dates, the financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports the Registration Statement and the Prospectus complied in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments. The agreements and documents described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement, and the SEC Reports conform in all material aspects to the descriptions thereof contained therein and there are no agreements or other documents required by the Securities Act and the rules and regulations thereunder to be described in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement, or the SEC Reports or to be filed with the Commission as exhibits to the Registration Statement, that have not been so described or filed. Each agreement or other instrument (however characterized or described) to which the Company is a party or by which it is or may be bound or affected and (i) that is referred to in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement, or the SEC Reports, or (ii) is material to the Company’s business (each, a “Material Agreement”), has been duly authorized and validly executed by the Company, is in full force and effect in all material respects and is enforceable against the Company and, to the Company’s knowledge, the other parties thereto, in accordance with its terms, except (x) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, (y) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under the federal and state securities laws, and (z) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefore may be brought. No Material Agreement has been assigned by the Company, and neither the Company nor, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, any other party is in default thereunder and, to the best of the Company’s knowledge, no event has occurred that, with the lapse of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. To the best of the Company’s knowledge, performance by the Company of the material provisions of the Material Agreements will not result in a violation of any existing applicable law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any governmental agency or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its assets or businesses, including, without limitation, those relating to environmental laws and regulations. The other financial and statistical information included in the SEC Reports, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus present fairly, in all material respects, the information included therein and have been prepared on a basis consistent with that of the financial statements that are included in the SEC Reports the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and the books and records of the respective entities presented therein.
(i) Material Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development, including changes generally affecting the Company’s or Subsidiaries’ industries, that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Securities contemplated by this Agreement or as set forth on Schedule 3.1(i), no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective businesses, prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least 1 Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made. Other than as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company has not: (i) issued any securities or incurred any liability or obligation, direct or contingent, for borrowed money; or (ii) declared or paid any dividend or made any other distribution on or in respect of its capital stock.
(j) Litigation. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and on Schedule 3.1(j), there has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “Action”). None of the Actions set forth on Schedule 3.1(j), the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Securities, (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect or (iii) are not expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.
(k) Labor Relations. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries is, and has been, in material compliance with all applicable laws respecting labor, employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment, wages and hours, including the classification of independent contractors and has not received any notice from any governmental authority disputing such classification Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, no labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company, which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships with their employees are good. To the knowledge of the Company, no executive officer of the Company or any Subsidiary, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(l) Compliance. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement and Schedule 3.1(l), neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived); (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or other governmental authority; or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws relating to taxes, environmental protection, occupational health and safety, product quality and safety and employment and labor matters, except in each case as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(m) Environmental Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are in compliance with all federal, state, local and foreign laws relating to pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including laws relating to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, “Hazardous Materials”) into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all authorizations, codes, decrees, demands, or demand letters, injunctions, judgments, licenses, notices or notice letters, orders, permits, plans or regulations, issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder (“Environmental Laws”); (ii) have received all permits licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses; and (iii) are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval where in each clause (i), (ii) and (iii), the failure to so comply could be reasonably expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect.
(n) Regulatory Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations, approvals, orders, licenses and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities, or by any foreign, federal, state or local governmental, judicial or regulatory authority necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus (each, a “Material Permit”), to own, lease and operate its properties and conduct their respective businesses as they are now being conducted or, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, proposed to be conducted, in each case as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and each such Material Permit is valid, existing, in good standing and in full force and effect, except in each case as would not have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of investigation or proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit. The Company and each Subsidiary are in compliance with the terms and conditions of all such Material Permits, except where the failure to so comply would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. The disclosures in the Registration Statement concerning the effects of federal, state, local and all foreign regulation on the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries as currently contemplated are correct in all material respects.
(o) Title to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to or have valid and marketable rights to lease or otherwise use all real property and all personal property owned or used by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for (i) Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and (ii) Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, for which appropriate reserves have been made therefor in accordance with GAAP and, the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(p) Intellectual Property. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights necessary or required for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”). The SEC Reports set forth all of the Intellectual Property Rights that the Company and its Subsidiaries own or have the rights to use. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of, the Intellectual Property Rights has expired, terminated or been abandoned, or is expected to expire or terminate or be abandoned, within two (2) years from the date of this Agreement. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received, since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, a written notice of a claim or otherwise has any knowledge that the operation of their respective businesses violate or infringe upon the intellectual property rights of any Person, except as could not have or reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. . To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(q) Insurance Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, the Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.
(r) Transactions With Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth on Schedule 3.1(r), none of the officers or directors of the Company or any Subsidiary and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company or any Subsidiary is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, providing for the borrowing of money from or lending of money to or otherwise requiring payments to or from any officer, director or such employee or, to the knowledge of the Company, any entity in which any officer, director, or any such employee has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, trustee, stockholder, member or partner, in each case in excess of US$120,000 other than for (i) payment of salary bonus or consulting fees for services rendered, (ii) reimbursement for expenses incurred on behalf of the Company and (iii) other employee benefits, including stock option agreements under any stock option plan of the Company.
(s) Sarbanes-Oxley; Internal Accounting Controls. The Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance in all material respects with any and all applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended (“SOX”), that are effective as of the date hereof, and any and all applicable rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder that are effective as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the SEC Reports, the Company and each of its Subsidiaries maintains internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-l5(f) under the Exchange Act) that is effective to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP, including that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset and liability accountability, (iii) access to assets or incurrence of liabilities is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets and liabilities is compared with the existing assets and liabilities at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any difference. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the SEC Reports, the Company and the Subsidiaries have established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and the Subsidiaries and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures of the Company and the Subsidiaries as of the end of the period covered by the most recently filed Annual Report on Form 20-F under the Exchange Act (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its most recently filed Annual Report on Form 20-F under the Exchange Act and disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) of the Company and its Subsidiaries that have materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the internal control over financial reporting of the Company and its Subsidiaries.
(t) Certain Fees. Other than the compensation payable to the Placement Agent pursuant to the terms of the Placement Agency Agreement and as set forth in the Prospectus Supplement relating to the placement of the Securities, no brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company or any Subsidiary or Affiliate of the Company to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Purchasers shall have no obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.
(u) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Securities, will not be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
(v) Registration Rights. Except as set forth herein and in the SEC Reports, no Person has any right to cause the Company or any Subsidiary to effect the registration under the Securities Act of any securities of the Company or any Subsidiary.
(w) Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The Ordinary Shares are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Ordinary Shares under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Ordinary Shares are or have been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements of such Trading Market The Ordinary Shares are currently eligible for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation and the Company is current in payment of the fees to the Depository Trust Company (or such other established clearing corporation) in connection with such electronic transfer.
(x) Application of Takeover Protections. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation as a result of the Company’s issuance of the Securities and the Purchasers’ ownership of the Securities.
(y) Disclosure. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, the Company confirms that neither it nor any other Person acting on its behalf has provided any of the Purchasers or their agents or counsel with any information that it believes constitutes or might constitute material, non-public information which is not otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus Supplement. The Company understands and confirms that the Purchasers will rely on the foregoing representation in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchasers regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries, their respective businesses and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Disclosure Schedules to this Agreement, is true and correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. There are no documents required to be filed with the Commission in connection with the transaction contemplated hereby that (x) have not been filed as required pursuant to the Securities Act or (y) will not be filed pursuant to Section 4.4 hereof. There are no contracts or other documents required to be described in the Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement, or to be filed as exhibits or schedules to the Registration Statement, which have not been described or filed as required. The press releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading. The statistical and market-related data included in the Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement, if any, are based on or derived from sources that the Company reasonably and in good faith believes are reliable and accurate or represent the Company’s good faith estimates that are made on the basis of data derived from such sources. The Company has obtained all consents required for the inclusion of such statistical and market-related data in the Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in the Prospectus or Prospectus Supplement has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith. The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.
(z) No Integrated Offering. Assuming the accuracy of the Purchasers’ representations and warranties set forth in Section 3.2, neither the Company, nor any of its Affiliates, nor any Person acting on its or their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under circumstances that would cause this offering of the Securities to be integrated with prior offerings by the Company for purposes of the Securities Act, any applicable shareholder approval provisions of any Trading Market on which any of the securities of the Company are listed or designated.
(aa) Solvency. Based on the consolidated financial condition of the Company as of the Closing Date, after giving effect to the receipt by the Company of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder, (i) the fair saleable value of the Company’s assets exceeds the amount that will be required to be paid on or in respect of the Company’s existing debts and other liabilities (including known contingent liabilities) as they mature, (ii) the Company’s assets do not constitute unreasonably small capital to carry on its business as now conducted and as proposed to be conducted including its capital needs taking into account the particular capital requirements of the business conducted by the Company, consolidated and projected capital requirements and capital availability thereof, and (iii) the current cash flow of the Company, together with the proceeds the Company would receive, were it to liquidate all of its assets, after taking into account all anticipated uses of the cash, would be sufficient to pay all amounts on or in respect of its liabilities when such amounts are required to be paid. The Company does not intend to incur debts beyond its ability to pay such debts as they mature (taking into account the timing and amounts of cash to be payable on or in respect of its debt). The Company has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances which lead it to believe that it will file for reorganization or liquidation under the bankruptcy or reorganization laws of any jurisdiction within one year from the Closing Date. Schedule 3.1(aa) sets forth as of the date hereof all outstanding secured and unsecured Indebtedness of the Company or any Subsidiary, or for which the Company or any Subsidiary has commitments. For the purposes of this Agreement, “Indebtedness” means (x) any liabilities for borrowed money or amounts owed in excess of US$50,000 (other than trade accounts payable incurred in the ordinary course of business), (y) all guaranties, endorsements and other contingent obligations in respect of indebtedness of others, whether or not the same are or should be reflected in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet (or the notes thereto), except guaranties by endorsement of negotiable instruments for deposit or collection or similar transactions in the ordinary course of business; and (z) the present value of any lease payments in excess of US$50,000 due under leases required to be capitalized in accordance with GAAP. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in default with respect to any Indebtedness.
(bb) Tax Status. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and its Subsidiaries each (i) has made or filed , or secured all extensions for the filing of, all applicable United States federal, state and local income and all foreign income and franchise tax returns, reports and declarations required by any jurisdiction to which it is subject, (ii) has paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges that are material in amount, shown or determined to be due on such returns, reports and declarations and (iii) has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate for the payment of all material taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. There are no unpaid taxes in any material amount claimed to be due by the taxing authority of any jurisdiction, and the officers of the Company or of any Subsidiary know of no basis for any such claim. The provisions for taxes payable, if any, shown on the financial statements filed with or as part of the Registration Statement, Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement are sufficient for all accrued and unpaid taxes, whether or not disputed, and for all periods to and including the dates of such consolidated financial statements. The term “taxes” mean all federal, state, local, foreign, and other net income, gross income, gross receipts, sales, use, ad valorem, transfer, franchise, profits, license, lease, service, service use, withholding, payroll, employment, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, premium, property, windfall profits, customs, duties or other taxes, fees, assessments, or charges of any kind whatsoever, together with any interest and any penalties, additions to tax, or additional amounts with respect thereto. The term “returns” means all returns, declarations, reports, statements, and other documents required to be filed in respect to taxes.
(cc) Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any Subsidiary, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company or any Subsidiary (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of FCPA. The Company has taken commercially reasonable steps to ensure that its accounting controls and procedures are designed to cause the Company to comply in all material respects with the FCPA.
(dd) Accountants. The Company’s current independent public accounting firm is Marcum Asia CPAs LLP, which is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act. To the knowledge and belief of the Company, Marcum Asia CPAs LLP shall express its opinion with respect to the financial statements to be included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2026.
(ee) Illegal or Unauthorized Payments; Political Contributions. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any of the officers, directors, employees, agents or other representatives of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries has, directly or indirectly, made or authorized any payment, contribution or gift of money, property, or services, whether or not in contravention of applicable law, (i) as a kickback or bribe to any Person or (ii) to any political organization, or the holder of or any aspirant to any elective or appointive public office except for personal political contributions not involving the direct or indirect use of funds of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries.
(ff) Acknowledgment Regarding Purchasers’ Purchase of Securities. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby. The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by any Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchasers’ purchase of the Securities. The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company’s decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.
(gg) Acknowledgment Regarding Purchaser’s Trading Activity. Anything in this Agreement or elsewhere herein to the contrary notwithstanding (except for Sections 3.2(f) and 4.14 hereof), it is understood and acknowledged by the Company that: (i) none of the Purchasers has been asked by the Company to agree, nor has any Purchaser agreed, to desist from purchasing or selling, long and/or short, securities of the Company, or “derivative” securities based on securities issued by the Company or to hold the Securities for any specified term; (ii) past or future open market or other transactions by any Purchaser, specifically including, without limitation, Short Sales or “derivative” transactions, before or after the closing of this or future registered or private offerings , may negatively impact the market price of the Company’s publicly-traded securities; (iii) any Purchaser, and counter-parties in “derivative” transactions to which any such Purchaser is a party, directly or indirectly, presently may have a “short” position in the Ordinary Shares, and (iv) each Purchaser shall not be deemed to have any affiliation with or control over any arm’s length counter-party in any “derivative” transaction. The Company further understands and acknowledges that (y) one or more Purchasers may engage in hedging activities at various times during the period that the Securities are outstanding, including, without limitation, during the periods that the value of the Warrant Shares deliverable with respect to Securities are being determined, if applicable, and (z) such hedging activities (if any) could reduce the value of the existing stockholders’ equity interests in the Company at and after the time that the hedging activities are being conducted. The Company acknowledges that such aforementioned hedging activities do not constitute a breach of any of the Transaction Documents.
(hh) Regulation M Compliance. The Company has not, and to its knowledge no one acting on its behalf has, (i) taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to cause or to result in the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of any of the Securities, (ii) sold, bid for, purchased, or, paid any compensation for soliciting purchases of, any of the Securities, or (iii) paid or agreed to pay to any Person any compensation for soliciting another to purchase any other securities of the Company, other than, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), compensation paid to the Placement Agent in connection with the placement of the Securities.
(ii) Cybersecurity. The Company and its Subsidiaries’ information technology assets and equipment, computers, systems, networks, hardware, software, websites, applications, and databases (collectively, “IT Systems”) are adequate for, and operate and perform in all material respects as required in connection with the operation of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries as currently conducted, free and clear of all material bugs, errors, defects, Trojan horses, time bombs, malware and other corruptants that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect on the Company’s business. The Company and its Subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable physical, technical and administrative controls, policies, procedures, and safeguards to maintain and protect their material confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and data, including “Personal Data.” used in connection with their businesses (including the data of their respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained by or on behalf of the Company). “Personal Data” means (i) a natural person’s name, street address, telephone number, e-mail address, photograph, social security number or tax identification number, driver’s license number, passport number, credit card number, bank information, or customer or account number; (ii) any information which would qualify as “personally identifying information” under the Federal Trade Commission Act, as amended; (iii) “personal data” as defined by the European Union General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) (EU 2016/679); (iv) any information which would qualify as “protected health information” under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (collectively, “HIPAA”); (v) personal information under the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (“PIPEDA”); and (vi) any other piece of information that allows the identification of such natural person, or his or her family, or permits the collection or analysis of any data related to an identified person’s health or sexual orientation. There have been no breaches, violations, outages or unauthorized uses of or access to the IT Systems or Personal Data in use or possession of the Company. The Company and its Subsidiaries are presently in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Personal Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Personal Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except where the failure to be in compliance would not have a Material Adverse Effect.
(jj) Compliance with Data Privacy Laws. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all applicable state, federal, and international data privacy and security laws and regulations, including HIPAA, PIPEDA and GDPR (collectively, the “Privacy Laws”), except where the failure to be in compliance would not have a Material Adverse Effect. To ensure compliance with the Privacy Laws, the Company and its Subsidiaries have in place, comply with, and take appropriate steps reasonably designed to ensure compliance in all material respects with their policies and procedures relating to data privacy and security and the collection, storage, use, disclosure, handling, and analysis of Personal Data (the “Policies”). The Company and its Subsidiaries have at all times made all disclosures to users or customers required by applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements, and none of such disclosures made or contained in any Policy have, to the knowledge of the Company, been inaccurate or in violation of any applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements in any material respect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) has received notice of any actual or potential liability under or relating to, or actual or potential violation of, any of the Privacy Laws, and has no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any such notice; (ii) is currently conducting or paying for, in whole or in part, any investigation, remediation, or other corrective action pursuant to any Privacy Law; or (iii) is a party to any order, decree, or agreement that imposes any obligation or liability under any Privacy Law.
(kk) Stock Option Plans. Each stock option granted by the Company under the Company’s stock option plan was granted (i) in accordance with the terms of the Company’s stock option plan and (ii) with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the Ordinary Shares on the date such stock option would be considered granted under GAAP and applicable law. No stock option granted under the Company’s stock option plan has been backdated. The Company has not knowingly granted, and there is no and has been no Company policy or practice to knowingly grant, stock options prior to, or otherwise knowingly coordinate the grant of stock options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries or their financial results or prospects.
(ll) Office of Foreign Assets Control. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any Subsidiary is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”).
(mm) U.S. Real Property Holding Corporation. The Company is not and has never been a U.S. real property holding corporation within the meaning of Section 897 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the Company shall so certify upon Purchaser’s request.
(nn) Bank Holding Company Act. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”) and to regulation by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”). Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates owns or controls, directly or indirectly, five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding shares of any class of voting securities or twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the total equity of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of a bank or any entity that is subject to the BHCA and to regulation by the Federal Reserve.
(oo) Money Laundering. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the U.S. Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable money laundering statutes of all and applicable jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), and no Action or Proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any Subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company or any Subsidiary, threatened.
(pp) Intentionally Omitted.
(qq) Intentionally Omitted.
(rr) No Disqualification Events. With respect to the Warrants and Warrant Shares to be offered and sold hereunder in reliance on Rule 506 under the Securities Act, none of the Company, any of its predecessors, any affiliated issuer, any director, executive officer, other officer of the Company participating in the offering hereunder, any beneficial owner of 20% or more of the Company’s outstanding voting equity securities, calculated on the basis of voting power, nor any promoter (as that term is defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) connected with the Company in any capacity at the time of sale (each, an “Issuer Covered Person”) is subject to any of the “Bad Actor” disqualifications described in Rule 506(d)(1)(i) to (viii) under the Securities Act (a “Disqualification Event”), except for a Disqualification Event covered by Rule 506(d)(2) or (d)(3). The Company has exercised reasonable care to determine whether any Issuer Covered Person is subject to a Disqualification Event. The Company has complied, to the extent applicable, with its disclosure obligations under Rule 506(e), and has furnished to the Purchasers a copy of any disclosures provided thereunder.
(ss) Other Covered Persons. Other than the Placement Agent, the Company is not aware of any person (other than any Issuer Covered Person) that has been or will be paid (directly or indirectly) remuneration for solicitation of purchasers in connection with the sale of any Securities.
(tt) Notice of Disqualification Events. The Company will notify the Purchasers in writing, prior to the Closing Date of (i) any Disqualification Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person and (ii) any event that would, with the passage of time, reasonably be expected to become a Disqualification Event relating to any Issuer Covered Person, in each case of which it is aware.
(uu) D&O Questionnaires. To the Company’s knowledge, all information contained in the questionnaires most recently completed by each of the Company’s directors and officers and beneficial owner of 5% or more of the Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents is true and correct in all respects and the Company has not become aware of any information which would cause the information disclosed in such questionnaires become inaccurate and incorrect.
(vv) FINRA Affiliation. No officer, director or any beneficial owner of 10% or more of the Company’s Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) (as determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of FINRA) that is participating in this offering. Except for securities purchased on the open market, no Company Affiliate is an owner of stock or other securities of any member of FINRA. No Company Affiliate has made a subordinated loan to any member of FINRA. No proceeds from the sale of the Securities (excluding compensation as disclosed in the Prospectus Supplement to the Placement Agent) will be paid to any FINRA member, any persons associated with a FINRA member or an affiliate of a FINRA member. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, Prospectus and Prospectus Supplement and except for securities issued to the Placement Agent as disclosed in the Prospectus Supplement, no person to whom securities of the Company have been privately issued within the 180-day period prior to the initial filing date of the Prospectus Supplement is a FINRA member, is a person associated with a FINRA member or is an affiliate of a FINRA member. No FINRA member participating in this offering has a conflict of interest with the Company. For this purpose, a “conflict of interest” exists when a FINRA member, the parent or affiliate of a FINRA member or any person associated with a FINRA member in the aggregate beneficially own 10% or more of the Company’s outstanding subordinated debt or common equity, or 10% or more of the Company’s preferred equity. “FINRA member participating in the offering” includes any associated person of a FINRA member that is participating in the offering, any member of such associated person’s immediate family and any affiliate of a FINRA member that is participating in the offering. “Any person associated with a FINRA member” means (1) a natural person who is registered or has applied for registration under the rules of FINRA and (2) a sole proprietor, partner, officer, director, or branch manager of a FINRA member, or other natural person occupying a similar status or performing similar functions, or a natural person engaged in the investment banking or securities business who is directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by a FINRA member. When used in this Section 3.1(vv) the term “affiliate of a FINRA member” or “affiliated with a FINRA member” means an entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with a FINRA member. The Company will advise the Placement Agent and HTFL if it learns that any officer, director or owner of 10% or more of the Company’s outstanding Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents is or becomes an affiliate or associated person of a FINRA member firm.
(ww) Officers’ Certificate. Any certificate signed by any duly authorized officer of the Company and delivered to the Purchasers shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to the Purchasers as to the matters covered thereby.
(xx) Board of Directors. The qualifications of the persons serving as board members and the overall composition of the Board of Directors comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder applicable to the Company and the rules of the Trading Market. At least one member of the Board of Directors qualifies as a “financial expert” as such term is defined under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder and the rules of the Trading Market. In addition, at least a majority of the persons serving on the Board of Directors qualify as “independent” as defined under the rules of the Trading Market.
(yy) Employee Plans. The Registration Statement and the Prospectus disclose, to the extent required by applicable securities laws, each plan for retirement, bonus, stock purchase, profit sharing, stock option, deferred compensation, severance or termination pay, insurance, medical, hospital, dental, vision care, drug, sick leave, disability, salary continuation, legal benefits, unemployment benefits, vacation, incentive or otherwise contributed to, or required to be contributed to, by the Company for the benefit of any current or former director, officer, employee or consultant of the Company (the “Employee Plans”), each of which has been maintained in all material respects with its terms and with the requirements prescribed by any and all statutes, orders, rules and regulations that are applicable to such Employee Plans.
(zz) ERISA. The Company is not a party to an “employee benefit plan,” as defined in Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), which: (i) is subject to any provision of ERISA and (ii) is or was at any time maintained, administered or contributed to by the Company or any of its ERISA Affiliates (as defined hereafter). These plans are referred to collectively herein as the “Employee Plans.” An “ERISA Affiliate” of any person or entity means any other person or entity which, together with that person or entity, could be treated as a single employer under Section 414(b), (c), (m) or (o) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Each Employee Plan has been maintained in material compliance with its terms and the requirements of applicable law. No Employee Plan is subject to Title IV of ERISA. The Registration Statement, Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement identify each employment, severance or other similar agreement, arrangement or policy and each material plan or arrangement required to be disclosed pursuant to the Rules and Regulations providing for insurance coverage (including any self-insured arrangements), workers’ compensation, disability benefits, severance benefits, supplemental unemployment benefits, vacation benefits or retirement benefits, or deferred compensation, profit-sharing, bonuses, stock options, stock appreciation rights or other forms of incentive compensation, or post-retirement insurance, compensation or benefits, which: (i) is not an Employee Plan; (ii) is entered into, maintained or contributed to, as the case may be, by the Company or any of its ERISA Affiliates; and (iii) covers any officer or director or former officer or director of the Company or any of its ERISA Affiliates. These agreements, arrangements, policies or plans are referred to collectively as “Benefit Arrangements.” Each Benefit Arrangement has been maintained in material compliance with its terms and with the requirements of applicable law. There is no liability in respect of post-retirement health and medical benefits for retired employees of the Company or any of its ERISA Affiliates, other than medical benefits required to be continued under applicable law. No “prohibited transaction” (as defined in either Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code) has occurred with respect to any Employee Plan; and each Employee Plan that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified, and nothing has occurred, whether by action or by failure to act, which could cause the loss of such qualification.
(aaa) No Immunity. None of the Company or its Subsidiaries or any of their respective properties, assets or revenues has any right of immunity, under the laws of the Cayman Islands, Hong Kong, the State of New York or the People’s Republic of China, from any legal action, suit or proceeding, the giving of any relief in any such legal action, suit or proceeding, set-off or counterclaim, the jurisdiction of any New York or United States federal court, service of process, attachment upon or prior to judgment, or attachment in aid of execution of judgment, or execution of a judgment, or other legal process or proceeding for the giving of any relief or for the enforcement of a judgment, in any such court, with respect to its obligations, liabilities or any other matter under or arising out of or in connection with this Agreement and the Transaction Documents; and, to the extent that the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective properties, assets or revenues may have or may hereafter become entitled to any such right of immunity in any such court in which proceedings may at any time be commenced, each of the Company and its Subsidiaries waives or will waive such right to the extent permitted by law and has consented to such relief and enforcement as provided in this Agreement.
(bbb) Intentionally Omitted.
(ccc) Projections. The projections included in SEC Reports, including but not limited to any statement with respect to projected revenues, net margin and operating income (the “Projections”), were prepared by the Company based on reasonable and appropriate assumptions for projections of such kind and with respect to the Company, including, among other things, (i) the Company’s anticipated future performance after the consummation of this offering, (ii) general business and economic conditions, (iii) competitive forces and (iv) the actions of regulatory agencies and governmental bodies. The Projections are based upon an analysis of the data available to the Company, after due inquiry, at the time of the Projections, and the Company believes the information contained in the Projections is reasonably accurate. The Company expects that the Projections will be realized. The Projections were prepared in accordance with standards for projections promulgated by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants or with a view to compliance with published guidelines of the Commission regarding projections or forecasts contained in Item 10(b) of Regulation S-K.
3.2 Representations and Warranties of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein, in which case they shall be accurate as of such date):
(a) Organization; Authority. Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly incorporated or formed, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or formation with full right, corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and performance by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except: (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.
(b) Understandings or Arrangements. Such Purchaser is acquiring the Securities as principal for its own account and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Securities (this representation and warranty not limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws).
(c) Purchaser Status. At the time such Purchaser was offered the Securities, it was, and as of the date hereof it is, and on each date on which it exercises any Warrants, it will be either: (i) an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(7) or (a)(8) under the Securities Act or (ii) a “qualified institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A(a) under the Securities Act.
(d) Experience of Such Purchaser. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Securities, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Securities and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.
(e) Access to Information. Such Purchaser acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to review the Transaction Documents (including all exhibits and schedules thereto) and the SEC Reports and has been afforded, (i) the opportunity to ask such questions as it has deemed necessary of, and to receive answers from, representatives of the Company concerning the terms and conditions of the offering of the Securities and the merits and risks of investing in the Securities; (ii) access to information about the Company and its financial condition, results of operations, business, properties, management and prospects sufficient to enable it to evaluate its investment; and (iii) the opportunity to obtain such additional information that the Company possesses or can acquire without unreasonable effort or expense that is necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to the investment. Such Purchaser acknowledges and agrees that neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate of the Placement Agent has provided such Purchaser with any information or advice with respect to the Securities nor is such information or advice necessary or desired. Neither the Placement Agent nor any Affiliate has made or makes any representation as to the Company or the quality of the Securities and the Placement Agent and any Affiliate may have acquired non-public information with respect to the Company which such Purchaser agrees need not be provided to it. In connection with the issuance of the Securities to such Purchaser, neither the Placement Agent nor any of its Affiliates has acted as a financial advisor or fiduciary to such Purchaser.
(f) Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not, nor has any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or sales, including Short Sales, of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser first received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the definitive pricing terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the representation set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement. Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement or to such Purchaser’s representatives, including, without limitation, its officers, directors, partners, legal and other advisors, employees, agents and Affiliates, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction). Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.
(g) General Solicitation. Such Purchaser is not purchasing the Securities as a result of any advertisement, article, notice or other communication regarding the Securities published in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over television or radio or presented at any seminar or, to the knowledge of such Purchaser, any other general solicitation or general advertisement.
The Company acknowledges and agrees that the representations contained in this Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such Purchaser’s right to rely on the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained herein shall constitute a representation or warranty, or preclude any actions, with respect to locating or borrowing shares in order to effect Short Sales or similar transactions in the future.
ARTICLE IV
OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES
4.1 Warrant Shares.
(a) The Warrants and the Warrant Shares may only be disposed of in compliance with state and federal securities laws. In connection with any transfer of Warrants or Warrant Shares other than pursuant to an effective registration statement or Rule 144, to the Company or to an Affiliate of a Purchaser or in connection with a pledge as contemplated in Section 4.1(b), the Company may require the transferor thereof to provide to the Company an opinion of counsel selected by the transferor and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such transfer does not require registration of such transferred Warrant under the Securities Act.
(b) The Purchasers agree to the imprinting, so long as is required by this Section 4.1, of a legend on any of the Warrants or Warrant Shares in the following form:
NEITHER THIS SECURITY NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THIS SECURITY IS EXERCISABLE HAS BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THIS SECURITY AND THE SECURITIES ISSUABLE UPON EXERCISE OF THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT WITH A REGISTERED BROKER-DEALER OR OTHER LOAN WITH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION THAT IS AN “ACCREDITED INVESTOR” AS DEFINED IN RULE 501(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.
The Company acknowledges and agrees that a Purchaser may from time to time pledge pursuant to a bona fide margin agreement with a registered broker-dealer or grant a security interest in some or all of the Warrants or Warrant Shares to a financial institution that is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act and, if required under the terms of such arrangement, such Purchaser may transfer pledged or secured Warrants or Warrant Shares to the pledgees or secured parties. Such a pledge or transfer would not be subject to approval of the Company and no legal opinion of legal counsel of the pledgee, secured party or pledgor shall be required in connection therewith. Further, no notice shall be required of such pledge. At the appropriate Purchaser’s expense, the Company will execute and deliver such reasonable documentation as a pledgee or secured party of Warrants and Warrant Shares may reasonably request in connection with a pledge or transfer of the Warrants or Warrant Shares.
(c) Certificates evidencing the Warrant Shares shall not contain any legend (including the legend set forth in Section 4.1(b) hereof): (i) while a registration statement covering the resale of such security is effective under the Securities Act, or (ii) following any sale of such Warrant Shares pursuant to Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants), or (iii) if such Warrant Shares are eligible for sale under Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants), or (iv) if such legend is not required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the Commission). The Company shall cause its counsel to issue a legal opinion to the Transfer Agent or the Purchaser promptly if required by the Transfer Agent to effect the removal of the legend hereunder, or if requested by a Purchaser, respectively. If all or any portion of a Warrant is exercised at a time when there is an effective registration statement to cover the resale of the Warrant Shares, or if such Warrant Shares may be sold under Rule 144 (assuming cashless exercise of the Warrants) or if such legend is not otherwise required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the Commission) then such Warrant Shares shall be issued free of all legends. The Company agrees that following such time as such legend is no longer required under this Section 4.1(c), the Company will, no later than the earlier of (i) one (1) Trading Day and (ii) the number of Trading Days comprising the Standard Settlement Period (as defined below) following the delivery by a Purchaser to the Company or the Transfer Agent of a certificate representing Warrant Shares, as applicable, issued with a restrictive legend (such date, the “Legend Removal Date”), deliver or cause to be delivered to such Purchaser a certificate representing such shares that is free from all restrictive and other legends. The Company may not make any notation on its records or give instructions to the Transfer Agent that enlarge the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Section 4. Warrant Shares subject to legend removal hereunder shall be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Purchaser by crediting the account of the Purchaser’s prime broker with the Depository Trust Company System as directed by such Purchaser. As used herein, “Standard Settlement Period” means the standard settlement period, expressed in a number of Trading Days, on the Company’s primary Trading Market with respect to the Ordinary Shares as in effect on the date of delivery of a certificate representing Warrant Shares issued with a restrictive legend.
(d) In addition to such Purchaser’s other available remedies, the Company shall pay to a Purchaser, in cash, (i) as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, for each $1,000 of Warrant Shares (based on the VWAP of the Ordinary Shares on the date such securities are submitted to the Transfer Agent) delivered for removal of the restrictive legend and subject to Section 4.1(c), $10 per Trading Day (increasing to $20 per Trading Day five (5) Trading Days after such damages have begun to accrue) for each Trading Day after the Legend Removal Date until such certificate is delivered without a legend and (ii) if the Company fails to (a) issue and deliver (or cause to be delivered) to a Purchaser by the Legend Removal Date a certificate representing the Securities so delivered to the Company by such Purchaser that is free from all restrictive and other legends and (b) if after the Legend Removal Date such Purchaser purchases (in an open market transaction or otherwise) shares of Ordinary Shares to deliver in satisfaction of a sale by such Purchaser of all or any portion of the number of Ordinary Shares, or a sale of a number of Ordinary Shares equal to all or any portion of the number of Ordinary Shares, that such Purchaser anticipated receiving from the Company without any restrictive legend, then an amount equal to the excess of such Purchaser’s total purchase price (including brokerage commissions and other out-of-pocket expenses, if any) for the Ordinary Shares so purchased (including brokerage commissions and other out-of-pocket expenses, if any) (the “Buy-In Price”) over the product of (A) such number of Warrant Shares that the Company was required to deliver to such Purchaser by the Legend Removal Date multiplied by (B) the lowest closing sale price of the Ordinary Shares on any Trading Day during the period commencing on the date of the delivery by such Purchaser to the Company of the applicable Warrant Shares (as the case may be) and ending on the date of such delivery and payment under this Section 4.1(d).
(e) The Shares shall be issued free of legends.
4.2 Furnishing of Information.
(a) Until the earlier of the time that (i) no Purchaser owns Securities or (ii) all of the Warrants have expired, the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act even if the Company is not then subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.
(b) At any time during the period commencing on the date hereof and ending at such time that all of the Warrant Shares (assuming cashless exercise) may be sold without the requirement for the Company to be in compliance with Rule 144(c)(1) and otherwise without restriction or limitation pursuant to Rule 144, if the Company (i) shall fail for any reason to satisfy the current public information requirement under Rule 144(c) or (ii) has ever been an issuer described in Rule 144(i)(1)(i) or becomes such an issuer in the future, and the Company shall fail to satisfy any condition set forth in Rule 144(i)(2) (a “Public Information Failure”) then, in addition to such Purchaser’s other available remedies, the Company shall pay to a Purchaser, in cash, as partial liquidated damages and not as a penalty, by reason of any such delay in or reduction of its ability to sell the Warrant Shares, an amount in cash equal to one percent (1.0%) of the aggregate Exercise Price of such Purchaser’s Warrants on the day of a Public Information Failure and on every thirtieth (30th) day (pro rated for periods totaling less than thirty days) thereafter until the earlier of (a) the date such Public Information Failure is cured and (b) such time that such public information is no longer required for the Purchasers to transfer the Warrant Shares pursuant to Rule 144. The payments to which a Purchaser shall be entitled pursuant to this Section 4.2(b) are referred to herein as “Public Information Failure Payments.” Public Information Failure Payments shall be paid on the earlier of (i) the last day of the calendar month during which such Public Information Failure Payments are incurred and (ii) the third (3rd) Business Day after the event or failure giving rise to the Public Information Failure Payments is cured. In the event the Company fails to make Public Information Failure Payments in a timely manner, such Public Information Failure Payments shall bear interest at the rate of 1.5% per month (prorated for partial months) until paid in full. Nothing herein shall limit such Purchaser’s right to pursue actual damages for the Public Information Failure, and such Purchaser shall have the right to pursue all remedies available to it at law or in equity including, without limitation, a decree of specific performance and/or injunctive relief.
4.3 Integration. The Company shall not sell, offer for sale or solicit offers to buy or otherwise negotiate in respect of any security (as defined in Section 2 of the Securities Act) that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities in a manner that would require the registration under the Securities Act of the sale of the Warrants or the Warrant Shares or that would be integrated with the offer or sale of the Securities for purposes of the rules and regulations of any Trading Market such that it would require shareholder approval prior to the closing of such other transaction unless shareholder approval is obtained before the closing of such subsequent transaction.
4.4 Securities Laws Disclosure; Publicity. The Company shall (a) by the Disclosure Time, issue a press release disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and (b) file a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K, including the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the Exchange Act. From and after the issuance of such press release, the Company represents to the Purchasers that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to any of the Purchasers by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. In addition, effective upon the issuance of such press release, the Company acknowledges and agrees that any and all confidentiality or similar obligations under any agreement, whether written or oral, between the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates or agents on the one hand, and any of the Purchasers or any of their Affiliates on the other hand, shall terminate and be of no further force or effect. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. The Company and each Purchaser shall consult with each other in issuing any other press releases with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Company nor any Purchaser shall issue any such press release nor otherwise make any such public statement without the prior consent of (i) each Purchaser and (ii) the Company, with respect to any press release of any Purchaser, or the Purchasers, with respect to any press release of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be withheld or delayed, except if such disclosure is required by law or regulation or Trading Market rule, in which case the disclosing party shall use its reasonable best efforts to promptly provide the other party with prior notice of such public statement or communication. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not publicly disclose the name of any Purchaser, or include the name of any Purchaser in any filing with the Commission or any regulatory agency or Trading Market, without the prior written consent of such Purchaser, except (a) as required by federal securities law in connection with the filing of final Transaction Documents with the Commission and (b) to the extent such disclosure is required by law or Trading Market or FINRA regulations or requested by the staff of the Commission or the Trading Market, in which case the Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to provide the Purchasers with prior notice of such disclosure permitted under this clause (b) and reasonably cooperate with such Purchaser regarding such disclosure. Purchasers shall promptly comply with all reporting requirements of the Exchange Act.
4.5 Shareholder Rights Plan. No claim will be made or enforced by the Company or, with the consent of the Company, any other Person, that any Purchaser is an “Acquiring Person” under any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or similar anti-takeover plan or arrangement in effect or hereafter adopted by the Company, or that any Purchaser could be deemed to trigger the provisions of any such plan or arrangement, by virtue of receiving Securities under the Transaction Documents or under any other agreement between the Company and the Purchasers.
4.6 Non-Public Information. Except with respect to the material terms and conditions of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, which shall be disclosed pursuant to Section 4.4, the Company covenants and agrees that neither it, nor any other Person acting on its behalf will provide any Purchaser or its agents or counsel with any information that constitutes, or the Company reasonably believes constitutes, material non-public information, . The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company. To the extent that the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates delivers any material, non-public information to a Purchaser without such Purchaser’s consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that such Purchaser shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates, or a duty to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, agents, employees or Affiliates not to trade on the basis of, such material, non-public information, provided that the Purchaser shall remain subject to applicable law. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K. The Company understands and confirms that each Purchaser shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.
4.7 Use of Proceeds. The Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder for the purposes described in the Prospectus and shall not use such proceeds: (a) for the satisfaction of any portion of the Company’s debt (other than payment of trade payables in the ordinary course of the Company’s business and prior practices); (b) for the redemption of any Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents; (c) for the settlement of any outstanding litigation; or (d) in violation of FCPA or OFAC regulations.
4.8 Indemnification of Purchasers. Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.8, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors, officers, shareholders, members, managers, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, shareholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “Purchaser Party”) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents, (b) any action instituted against the Purchaser Parties in any capacity (including a Purchaser Party’s status as an investor), or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by the Company or any stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser Party, arising out of or relating to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents or (c) arising out of or relating to (i) any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or the Prospectus Supplement and/or any registration statement, any prospectus or any form of prospectus or in any amendment or supplement thereto relating to the resale of the Warrant Shares, or, in each such case, arising out of or relating to any omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of the Prospectus, the Prospectus Supplement or any prospectus or supplement thereto, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading, except to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statements or omissions are based solely upon information regarding such Purchaser Party furnished in writing to the Company by such Purchaser Party expressly for use therein, or (ii) any violation or alleged violation by the Company of the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any state securities law, or any rule or regulation thereunder in connection therewith. For the avoidance of doubt, the indemnification provided herein is intended to, and shall also cover, direct claims brought by the Company against the Purchaser Parties; provided, however, that such indemnification shall not cover any loss, claim, damage or liability to the extent it is finally judicially determined to be attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by such Purchaser Party in any Transaction Document or any conduct by a Purchaser Party which is finally judicially determined to constitute fraud, gross negligence or willful misconduct. If any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and, except with respect to direct claims brought by the Company, the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel to the applicable Purchaser Party (which may be internal counsel), a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. In addition, if any Purchaser Party takes actions to collect amounts due under any Transaction Documents or to enforce the provisions of any Transaction Documents, then the Company shall pay the costs incurred by such Purchaser Party for such collection, enforcement or action, including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees and disbursements. The indemnification and other payment obligations required by this Section 4.8 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation, defense, collection, enforcement or action, as and when bills are received or are incurred; provided, that if any Purchaser Party is finally judicially determined not to be entitled to indemnification or payment under this Section 4.8, such Purchaser Party shall promptly reimburse the Company for any payments that are advanced under this sentence. The indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to any cause of action or similar right of any Purchaser Party against the Company or others and any liabilities the Company may be subject to pursuant to law.
4.9 Reservation of Ordinary Shares. As of the date hereof, the Company has and the Company shall continue to keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights, a sufficient number of Ordinary Shares for the purpose of enabling the Company to issue Shares pursuant to this Agreement and Warrant Shares pursuant to any exercise of the Warrants.
4.10 Listing of Shares and Warrant Shares. The Company hereby agrees to use best efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Ordinary Shares on the Trading Market on which they are is currently listed, and prior to the Closing, the Company shall have applied to list or quote all of the Shares and Warrant Shares on such Trading Market and concurrently with the Closing, the Company shall have not received any information indicating that the listing of such Shares and Warrant Shares is or will be rejected. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies to have the Ordinary Shares traded on any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application all of the Shares and Warrant Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Shares and Warrant Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly as possible. The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Ordinary Shares on a Trading Market and will comply in all respects with the Company’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of the Trading Market. The Company agrees to maintain the eligibility of the Ordinary Shares for electronic transfer through the Depository Trust Company or another established clearing corporation, including, without limitation, by timely payment of fees to the Depository Trust Company or such other established clearing corporation in connection with such electronic transfer.
4.11 Intentionally Omitted.
4.12 Subsequent Equity Sales.
(a) From the date hereof until [sixty (60) days] after the Closing Date, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall issue, enter into any agreement to issue or announce the issuance or proposed issuance of any Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents or file any registration statement, or amendment or supplement thereto, with the Commission, other than a prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) in connection with this offering.
(b) From the date hereof until [six (6) months] after the Closing Date, the Company shall be prohibited from effecting or entering into an agreement to effect any issuance by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Ordinary Shares or Ordinary Share Equivalents (or a combination of units thereof) involving a Variable Rate Transaction. “Variable Rate Transaction” means a transaction in which the Company (i) issues or sells any debt or equity securities that are convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or include the right to receive additional Ordinary Shares either (A) at a conversion price, exercise price or exchange rate or other price that is based upon and/or varies with the trading prices of or quotations for the Ordinary Shares at any time after the initial issuance of such debt or equity securities, or (B) with a conversion, exercise or exchange price that is subject to being reset at some future date after the initial issuance of such debt or equity security or upon the occurrence of specified or contingent events directly or indirectly related to the business of the Company or the market for the Ordinary Shares or (ii) enters into, or effects a transaction under, any agreement, including, but not limited to, an equity line of credit or at-the-market offering facility, whereby the Company may issue securities at a future determined price. Any Purchaser shall be entitled to obtain injunctive relief against the Company to preclude any such issuance, which remedy shall be in addition to any right to collect damages.
(c) Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section 4.12 shall not apply in respect of an Exempt Issuance, except that no Variable Rate Transaction shall be an Exempt Issuance.
4.13 Equal Treatment of Purchasers. No consideration (including any modification of any Transaction Document) shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of the Transaction Documents unless the same consideration is also offered to all of the parties to the Transaction Documents. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers as a class and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of Securities or otherwise.
4.14 Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that neither it nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any purchases or sales, including Short Sales of any of the Company’s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending at such time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and the information included in the Disclosure Schedules. Notwithstanding the foregoing and notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company expressly acknowledges and agrees that (i) no Purchaser makes any representation, warranty or covenant hereby that it will not engage in effecting transactions in any securities of the Company after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4, (ii) no Purchaser shall be restricted or prohibited from effecting any transactions in any securities of the Company in accordance with applicable securities laws from and after the time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced pursuant to the initial press release as described in Section 4.4 and (iii) no Purchaser shall have any duty of confidentiality or duty not to trade in the securities of the Company to the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees Affiliates or agents after the issuance of the initial press release as described in Section 4.4. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the case of a Purchaser that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Purchaser’s assets and the portfolio managers have no direct knowledge of the investment decisions made by the portfolio managers managing other portions of such Purchaser’s assets, the covenant set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made the investment decision to purchase the Securities covered by this Agreement.
4.15 Capital Changes. Until the one (1) year anniversary of the Closing Date, the Company shall not undertake a reverse or forward stock split or reclassification of the Ordinary Shares , without the prior written consent of the Purchasers holding a majority in interest of the Shares, unless a reverse split (at such a split ratio as may be determined by the Company in its reasonable discretion) is required to maintain compliance with the minimum bid price requirements of the Trading Market.
4.16 Exercise Procedures. The form of Notice of Exercise included in the Warrants set forth the totality of the procedures required of the Purchasers in order to exercise the Warrants. No additional legal opinion, other information or instructions shall be required of the Purchasers to exercise their Warrants. Without limiting the preceding sentences, no ink-original Notice of Exercise shall be required, nor shall any medallion guarantee (or other type of guarantee or notarization) of any Notice of Exercise form be required in order to exercise the Warrants. The Company shall honor exercises of the Warrants and shall deliver Warrant Shares in accordance with the terms, conditions and time periods set forth in the Transaction Documents.
4.17 Intentionally Omitted.
4.18 Intentionally Omitted.
4.19 Lock-Up. The Company shall not amend, modify, waive or terminate any provision of any of the Lock-Up Agreements except to extend the term of the lock-up period and shall enforce the provisions of each Lock-Up Agreement in accordance with its terms. If any officer or director that is a party to a Lock-Up Agreement breaches any provision of a Lock-Up Agreement, the Company shall promptly use its best efforts to seek specific performance of the terms of such Lock-Up Agreement.
4.20 Intentionally Omitted.
ARTICLE V
MISCELLANEOUS
5.1 Termination. This Agreement may be terminated by any Purchaser, as to such Purchaser’s obligations hereunder only and without any effect whatsoever on the obligations between the Company and the other Purchasers, by written notice to the other parties, if the Closing has not been consummated on or before the fifth (5th) Trading Day following the date hereof; provided, however, that no such termination will affect the right of any party to sue for any breach by any other party (or parties).
5.2 Fees and Expenses Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees (including, without limitation, any fees required for same-day processing of any instruction letter delivered by the Company and any exercise notice delivered by a Purchaser). The Company shall pay stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Securities to the Purchasers.
5.3 Entire Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, the Prospectus and the Prospectus Supplement, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules.
5.4 Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the time of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto at or prior to 4:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number or email attachment at the email address as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 4:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto. To the extent that any notice provided pursuant to any Transaction Document constitutes, or contains, material, non-public information regarding the Company or any Subsidiaries, the Company shall simultaneously file such notice with the Commission pursuant to a Report of Foreign Private Issuer on Form 6-K.
5.5 Amendments; Waivers. No provision of this Agreement may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed, in the case of an amendment, by the Company and Purchasers which purchased at least 50.1% in interest of the Shares based on the initial Subscription Amounts hereunder provided however, any amendment to this Agreement prior to the Closing of the transaction contemplated hereby shall require the consent of each Purchaser party hereto, or, in the case of a waiver, by the party against whom enforcement of any such waived provision is sought, provided that if any amendment, modification or waiver disproportionately and adversely impacts a Purchaser (or group of Purchasers), the consent of such disproportionately impacted Purchaser (or group of Purchasers) shall also be required. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right. Any proposed amendment or waiver that disproportionately, materially and adversely affects the rights and obligations of any Purchaser relative to the comparable rights and obligations of the other Purchasers shall require the prior written consent of such adversely affected Purchaser. Any amendment effected in accordance with this Section 5.5 shall be binding upon each Purchaser and holder of Securities and the Company.
5.6 Headings. The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof.
5.7 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Purchaser (other than by merger). Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom such Purchaser assigns or transfers any Securities, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Securities, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the “Purchasers.”
5.8 No Third-Party Beneficiaries. The Placement Agent shall be the third party beneficiary of the representations and warranties of the Company in Section 3.1 and the representations and warranties of the Purchasers in Section 3.2. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.8, this Section 5.8 and/or the Placement Agency Agreement.
5.9 Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal Proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, shareholders, partners, members, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the City of New York, Borough of Manhattan for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any Action or Proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such Action or Proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such Proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such Action or Proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If any party shall commence an Action or Proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Section 4.8, the prevailing party in such Action or Proceeding shall be reimbursed by the non-prevailing party for its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such Action or Proceeding. The Company hereby appoints Puglisi & Associates as its agent for service of process in New York. The choice of the laws of the State of New York as the governing law of this Agreement is a valid choice of law and would be recognized and given effect to in any action brought before a court of competent jurisdiction in the Cayman Islands, except for those laws (i) which such court considers to be procedural in nature, (ii) which are revenue or penal laws or (iii) the application of which would be inconsistent with public policy, as such term is interpreted under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The Company or any of their respective properties, assets or revenues does not have any right of immunity under Cayman Islands or New York law, from any legal action, suit or proceeding, from the giving of any relief in any such legal action, suit or proceeding, from set-off or counterclaim, from the jurisdiction of any Cayman Islands and New York or United States federal court, from service of process, attachment upon or prior to judgment, or attachment in aid of execution of judgment, or from execution of a judgment, or other legal process or proceeding for the giving of any relief or for the enforcement of a judgment, in any such court, with respect to its obligations, liabilities or any other matter under or arising out of or in connection with this Agreement; and, to the extent that the Company, or any of its properties, assets or revenues may have or may hereafter become entitled to any such right of immunity in any such court in which proceedings may at any time be commenced, the Company hereby waives such right to the extent permitted by law and hereby consents to such relief and enforcement as provided in this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents.
5.10 Survival. The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Securities.
5.11 Execution. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to each other party, it being understood that the parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission or by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf” format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or “.pdf” signature page were an original thereof.
5.12 Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.
5.13 Rescission and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights; provided, however, that in the case of a rescission of an exercise of a Warrant, the applicable Purchaser shall be required to return any Ordinary Shares subject to any such rescinded exercise notice concurrently with the return to such Purchaser of the aggregate exercise price paid to the Company for such shares and the restoration of such Purchaser’s right to acquire such shares pursuant to such Purchaser’s Warrant (including, issuance of a replacement warrant certificate evidencing such restored right).
5.14 Replacement of Securities. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Securities is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Securities.
5.15 Remedies. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any Action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.
5.16 Payment Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other Person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.
5.17 Independent Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance or non-performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant hereto or thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any Proceeding for such purpose. Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in its review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents. For reasons of administrative convenience only, each Purchaser and its respective counsel have chosen to communicate with the Company through HTFL. HTFL does not represent any of the Purchasers and only represents the Placement Agent. The Company has elected to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because it was required or requested to do so by any of the Purchasers. It is expressly understood and agreed that each provision contained in this Agreement and in each other Transaction Document is between the Company and a Purchaser, solely, and not between the Company and the Purchasers collectively and not between and among the Purchasers.
5.18 Liquidated Damages. The Company’s obligations to pay any partial liquidated damages or other amounts owing under the Transaction Documents is a continuing obligation of the Company and shall not terminate until all unpaid partial liquidated damages and other amounts have been paid notwithstanding the fact that the instrument or security pursuant to which such partial liquidated damages or other amounts are due and payable shall have been canceled.
5.19 Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.
5.20 Construction. The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel have reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments thereto. In addition, each and every reference to share prices and Ordinary Shares in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Ordinary Shares that occur after the date of this Agreement.
5.21 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHER PARTY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY, IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY.
(Signature Pages Follow)
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.
| REAL MESSENGER CORPORATION | Address for Notice: | ||
| By: | 695 Town Center Drive, Suite 1200 | ||
| Name: | Thomas Ma | Costa Mesa, CA 92626 | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | ||
| E-Mail: | |||
With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):
Email:
Facsimile:
[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]
[PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGES TO REAL MESSENGER CORPORATION SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.
Name of Purchaser: ________________________________________________________
Signature of Authorized Signatory of Purchaser: _________________________________
Name of Authorized Signatory: _______________________________________________
Title of Authorized Signatory: ________________________________________________
Email Address of Authorized Signatory: _________________________________________
Facsimile Number of Authorized Signatory: __________________________________________
Address for Notice to Purchaser:
Address for Delivery of Warrants to Purchaser (if not same as address for notice):
DWAC for Shares:
Subscription Amount: US$_________________
Shares: _________________ Pre-Funded Warrants:___________________________
Warrant Shares: __________________
EIN Number: _______________________
☐ Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, by checking this box (i) the obligations of the above-signed to purchase the securities set forth in this Agreement to be purchased from the Company by the above-signed, and the obligations of the Company to sell such securities to the above-signed, shall be unconditional and all conditions to Closing shall be disregarded, (ii) the Closing shall occur on the second (2nd) Trading Day following the date of this Agreement and (iii) any condition to Closing contemplated by this Agreement (but prior to being disregarded by clause (i) above) that required delivery by the Company or the above-signed of any agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) shall no longer be a condition and shall instead be an unconditional obligation of the Company or the above-signed (as applicable) to deliver such agreement, instrument, certificate or the like or purchase price (as applicable) to such other party on the Closing Date.
[SIGNATURE PAGES CONTINUE]
Exhibit 23.1

Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm’s Consent
We consent to the use in this Registration Statement on Form F-1 of our report dated July 30, 2025 relating to the financial statements of Real Messenger Corporation appearing in this Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.
/s/ Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
Marcum Asia CPAs LLP
New York, NY
May
NEW YORK OFFICE • 7 Penn Plaza • Suite 830 • New York, New York • 10001
Phone 646.442.4845 • Fax 646.349.5200 • www.marcumasia.com