As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 20, 2023.

Registration No. 333-_________

UNITED STATES 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION 

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER 

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

HIGH ROLLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

400 South 4th Street, Suite 500-#390
Las Vegas, Nevada 89101 

(702) 509-5244

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Michael Cribari
Chief Executive Officer 

High Roller Technologies, Inc. 

400 South 4th Street, Suite 500-#390
Las Vegas, Nevada 89101 

(702) 509-5244

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box: ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

The registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment, which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information contained in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Shares 

Common Stock

High Roller Technologies, Inc. 

This is a firm commitment initial public offering of shares of common stock of High Roller Technologies, Inc. Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. We anticipate that the initial public offering price of our shares will be between $            and $            .

We have applied to have our common stock listed on              under the symbol “HRLR.” Upon completion of this offering, we believe that we will satisfy the listing requirements and expect that our common stock will be listed on                . Such listing, however, is not guaranteed. If the application is not approved for listing on                 , we will not proceed with this offering.

We are an “emerging growth company” as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 and have elected to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements.

Investing in our common stock is highly speculative and involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 8.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

We have granted a 45-day option to the representative of the underwriters to purchase up to            additional shares of our common stock, solely to cover over-allotments, if any.

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares to purchasers on or about               , 2024.

ThinkEquity

The date of this prospectus is              , 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. You must not rely on any unauthorized information or representations. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the shares offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of its date.

Market data and certain industry data and forecasts used throughout this prospectus were obtained from internal company surveys, market research, consultant surveys, publicly available information, reports of governmental agencies and industry publications and surveys. Industry surveys, publications, consultant surveys and forecasts generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of such information is not guaranteed.

We have not independently verified any of the data from third party sources, nor have we ascertained the underlying economic assumptions relied upon therein. Similarly, internal surveys, industry forecasts and market research, which we believe to be reliable based on our management’s knowledge of the industry, have not been independently verified. Forecasts are particularly likely to be inaccurate, especially over long periods of time. In addition, we do not necessarily know what assumptions regarding general economic growth were used in preparing the forecasts we cite. Statements as to our market position are based on the most currently available data. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding the industry data presented in this prospectus, our estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in this prospectus. Forecasts and other forward-looking information derived from such sources and included in this prospectus are subject to the same qualifications and additional uncertainties regarding the other forward-looking statements in this prospectus. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

We own or have rights to trademarks, service marks and trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our business, including our corporate name, logos and website names. Other trademarks, service marks and trade names appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, some of the trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this prospectus are listed without the ® and ™ symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to our trademarks, service marks and trade names.

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this prospectus to the “Company,” “High Roller,” “we,” “our,” “ours,” “us” or similar terms refer to High Roller Technologies, Inc., together with its subsidiaries.

Neither we, nor any of our officers, directors, agents or representatives or underwriters, make any representation to you about the legality of an investment in our common stock. You should not interpret the contents of this prospectus or any free writing prospectus to be legal, business, investment or tax advice. You should consult with your own advisors for that type of advice and consult with them about the legal, tax, business, financial and other issues that you should consider before investing in our common stock.

RISK FACTORS

Any investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and other uncertainties described below, which we believe represent certain of the material risks to our business, together with the information contained elsewhere in this prospectus, before you make a decision to invest in our common stock. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones that we may face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are immaterial or unlikely to occur could also impair our operations. If any of the following events occur or any additional risks presently unknown to us actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the price of our common stock could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business

Competition in the retail and online iCasino industry is intense and, as a result, we may fail to attract and retain users, which may negatively impact our operations and growth prospects.

The industries in which we operate are characterized by intense competition. We compete against other providers of retail or online iCasino gaming, as well as against providers of online and mobile entertainment and leisure products more generally. Other companies producing online gaming and/or interactive entertainment products and services are often established and well-financed, and other well-capitalized companies may introduce competitive services. Our competitors may spend more money and time on developing and testing products and services, undertake more extensive marketing campaigns, adopt more aggressive pricing or promotional policies or otherwise develop more commercially successful products or services than ours, which could negatively impact our business. Our competitors may also develop products, features, or services that are similar to ours or that achieve greater market acceptance. Such competitors may also undertake more far-reaching and successful product development efforts or marketing campaigns or may adopt more aggressive pricing policies. Furthermore, in the future, new competitors, whether licensed or not, may enter the online iCasino gaming industries. If we are not able to maintain or improve our market share, or if our offerings do not continue to be popular, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be adversely affected.

Competitive pressures may also adversely affect our margins. For example, as we expand the competition may increase, and we may need to increase our marketing expenses, thereby lowering our margins, in order to compete.

We operate in the global entertainment and gaming industries within the broader entertainment industry with our business-to-consumer (“B2C”), offerings such as online casino wagering, social gaming, and our B2B offerings through our Casino Room platform and other services. Our users face a vast array of entertainment choices. Other forms of entertainment, such as television, movies, sporting events and in-person casinos, are more well-established and may be perceived by our users to offer greater variety, affordability, interactivity and enjoyment. We compete with these other forms of entertainment for the discretionary time and income of our users. If we are unable to sustain sufficient interest in our online casino wagering, and social gaming platforms in comparison to other forms of entertainment, including new forms of entertainment, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be adversely affected.

In addition, our ability to achieve growth in revenue in the future will depend, in large part, upon our ability to attract new users to our offerings and retain existing users of our offerings, as well as continued user adoption of online casino more generally. Growth in the online casino and gaming industries and the level of demand for and market acceptance of our product offerings will be subject to a high degree of uncertainty. We cannot assure that consumer adoption of our product offerings will continue or exceed current growth rates, that the industry will achieve more widespread acceptance or that we will be able to retain our customers if we are unable to keep pace with technological innovation and customer experiences.

Our business depends on the success, including win or hold rates, of existing and future online gaming products, which rely on a variety of factors and are not completely controlled by us.

The online casino gaming industries are characterized by an element of chance. Our revenue is impacted by variations in the hold percentage (the ratio of net win to total amount wagered), or actual outcome, on the online casino games that we offer to our customersz. We use the hold percentage as an indicator of an online casino game’s performance against its expected outcome. Although each online casino game generally performs within a defined statistical range of outcomes, actual outcomes may vary for any given period, particularly in the short term however should normalize over time to the return to player percentage as designed by the game mathematics combined with the outcome from the random number generator.

In the short term, for online casino wagering, the element of chance may affect win rates (hold percentages); these win rates, may also be affected in the short term by factors that are largely beyond our control, such as the mix of games played or wagers placed, the financial resources of customers, the volume of wagers placed and the amount of time spent playing. For online casino games, it is possible a game will malfunction or is otherwise misprogrammed to pay out wins in excess of the game’s mathematical design and award errant prizes. Factors that are nominally within our control, such as the level of incentives or bonuses or comps given to customers, might, for various reasons both within and beyond our control, not be well-managed and hence in turn might impact win rates. Similarly, inadvertently over-incentivizing customers can convert a casino game that would otherwise have been expected to be profitable for us into one with a positive expectation for the player.

As a result of the variability in these factors, the actual win rates on our online casino gaming offerings may differ from the theoretical win rates we have estimated and could result in the winnings of our online casino gaming customers exceeding those anticipated. The variability of win rates (hold rates) also has the potential to negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects and cash flows. For casino games there can be no assurance that existing casino game features will always be allowed or that new casino game features will be allowed or that regulators will not seek to constrain the operation of games in any way, for example by limiting the rate or speed of game play. If game features or other relevant aspects of casino game design are constrained then our business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects and cash flows might be negatively impacted.

Our success also depends in part on our ability to anticipate and satisfy user preferences in a timely manner. As we operate in a dynamic environment characterized by rapidly changing industry and legal standards, our products are subject to changing consumer preferences that cannot be predicted with certainty. We need to continually introduce new offerings and identify future product offerings that complement our existing platforms, respond to our users’ needs and improve and enhance our existing platforms to maintain or increase our user engagement and growth of our business. We may not be able to compete effectively unless our product selection keeps up with trends in the digital gaming industries in which we compete, or trends in new gaming products.

Our forecasts, including for revenues, market share, expenses and profitability, are subject to significant risks, assumptions, estimates and uncertainties and may therefore differ materially from our expectations.

We operate in rapidly changing and competitive industries, and our forecasts are subject to the risks and assumptions made by management with respect to our industries. Operating results are difficult to forecast because they generally depend on our assessment of the timing of adoption of future legislation and regulations by different states and countries, which are uncertain. Furthermore, if we invest in the development of new products or distribution channels that do not achieve significant commercial success, whether because of competition or otherwise, we may not recover the often substantial “up front” costs of developing and marketing those products and distribution channels or recover the opportunity cost of diverting management and financial resources away from other products or distribution channels.

Additionally, as described below under “— Economic downturns and political and market conditions beyond our control, including a reduction in consumer discretionary spending, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects,” our business may be affected by reductions in consumer spending from time to time as a result of a number of factors which may be difficult to predict. Moreover, while casino operations are largely unaffected by seasonality in aggregate as online casino gaming is largely an individual activity unaffected by external calendars we believe that there is however some evidence that seasonality effects may occur at the time of certain major national holidays and/or vacation periods, as a result of which our revenue and cash flows could be adversely affected during times of the year when customers are more likely to engage in other non-gaming activities. This may result in decreased revenue levels, and we may be unable to adopt measures in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected shortfall in income. This inability could cause our operating results in a given quarter to be higher or lower than expected. If actual results differ from our estimates, analysts may negatively react and our stock price could be materially impacted.

Our financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis and our financial condition creates substantial doubt as to whether we will be able to continue as a going concern.

Our financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis under which an entity is considered to be able to realize its assets and satisfy its liabilities in the ordinary course of business. Our future operations are dependent upon achieving profitable operations in the future and completing a successful equity or debt financing. No assurance can be given that we will be successful in completing an equity or debt financing or in achieving or maintaining profitability. The accompanying consolidated financial statements do not give effect to any adjustments relating to the carrying values and classification of assets and liabilities that would be necessary should we be unable to continue as a going concern.

Our operating results may vary, which may make future results difficult to predict with certainty.

In the past, our financial results have varied on a quarter-by-quarter basis and may continue to do so in the future. This variance is due to a variety of factors certain of which are beyond our control. Our financial results in any given quarter may be influenced by, among other things, consumer engagement and wagering results, and other factors which are outside of our control or we cannot predict.

Our financial results are dependent, in part, on continued consumer engagement. Our consumer engagement in our online casino wagering services may vary or decrease, potentially resulting in a negative impact on our business, operations, financial condition or prospects, on account of, among other factors, the user’s level of satisfaction with our platforms, our ability to improve, innovate and adapt our platform, outages and disruptions of online services, the offerings of our competitors, our marketing and advertising efforts, or declines in consumer activity generally as a result of, among other things, public sentiment or economic downturns.

Additionally, our quarterly financial results may also be impacted on the number and amount of operator losses and jackpot payouts we may experience. Though operator losses are limited per stake to a maximum payout in our online casino wagering product offering, when looking at wagers across a period of time, these losses can potentially be significant. Our quarterly financial results are also subject to any jackpot payouts made in a particular quarter.

If we fail to detect fraud or theft, including by our users and employees, our reputation may suffer, which could harm our brand and reputation and negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects and can subject us to investigations and litigation.

We may incur, losses from various types of financial fraud, including use of stolen or fraudulent credit card data, claims of unauthorized payments by a user and attempted payments by users with insufficient funds. Bad actors use increasingly sophisticated methods to engage in illegal activities involving personal information, such as unauthorized use of another person’s identity, account information or payment information and unauthorized acquisition or use of credit or debit card details, bank account information and mobile phone numbers and accounts. Under current credit card practices, we may be liable for use of funds on our Platform with fraudulent credit card data, even if the associated financial institution approved the credit card transaction.

Acts of fraud or other forms of cheating by our gaming customers may involve various tactics, including collusion with our employees and the exploitation of loopholes in our promotional bonus schemes. Successful exploitation of our systems could have negative effects on our product offerings, services and user experience and could harm our reputation. Additionally, we may inadvertently send overly generous promotional schemes that users or regulators force us to honor. Failure to discover such acts or schemes in a timely manner could result in harm to our operations. In addition, negative publicity related to such schemes could have an adverse effect on our reputation, potentially causing a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In the event of the occurrence of any such issues with our existing Platform or product offerings, substantial engineering and marketing resources and management attention, may be diverted from other projects to correct these issues, which may delay other projects and the achievement of our strategic objectives.

In addition, any misappropriation of, or access to, users’ or other proprietary information or other breach of our information security could result in legal claims or legal proceedings, including regulatory investigations and actions, or liability for failure to comply with privacy and information security laws, including for failure to protect personal information or for misusing personal information, which could disrupt our operations, force us to modify our business practices, damage our reputation and expose us to claims from our users, regulators, employees and other persons, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Despite measures we have taken to detect and reduce the occurrence of fraudulent or other malicious activity on our platform, we cannot guarantee that any of our measures will be effective or will scale efficiently with our business. Our failure to adequately detect or prevent fraudulent transactions could harm our reputation or brand, result in litigation or regulatory action and lead to expenses that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our current and projected performance relies upon high-bandwidth data capabilities and disruptions in the availability of these may negatively impact our business, financial conditions, results of operations and prospects.

Our products require high-bandwidth data capabilities for placement of time-sensitive wagers. If high-bandwidth capabilities do not continue to grow or grow more slowly than generally anticipated, particularly for mobile devices, our user growth, retention, and engagement may be negatively impacted. In addition, the adoption of any laws or regulations that adversely affect the growth, popularity, or use of the Internet, including laws governing Internet neutrality, could decrease the demand for our products and increase our cost of doing business. Specifically, any laws that would allow Internet providers to impede access to content, or otherwise discriminate against content providers like us over their data networks, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Additionally, if any of the third-party platforms used for distribution of our product offerings were to limit or disallow advertising on their platforms for whatever reason or technologies are developed that block the display of our ads, our ability to generate revenue could be negatively impacted. These changes could materially impact our business activities and practices, and if we or our advertising partners are unable to timely and effectively adjust to those changes, there could be an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We rely on third-party service providers such as (i) providers to validate the identity and identify the location of our customers, (ii) payment processors to process deposits and withdrawals made by our customers into our platforms, (iii) marketing and customer communications systems providers, (iv) casino content, product and technology providers, and (v) other outsourced services providers, among others. If our third-party providers do not perform adequately or terminate their relationships with us, our costs may increase and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

There is no guarantee that the third-party geolocation and identity verification systems that we rely on will perform adequately or will be effective. We rely on our geolocation and identity verification systems to ensure that we are in compliance with certain laws and regulations, and any service disruption to those systems would prohibit us from operating our Platform and would adversely affect our business. Additionally, incorrect or misleading geolocation and identity verification data with respect to our current or potential customers received from third-party service providers may result in us inadvertently allowing access to our offerings to individuals who should not be permitted to access them, or otherwise inadvertently deny access to individuals who should be able to access our offerings, in each case based on inaccurate identity or geographic location determination. Our third-party geolocation service providers rely on their ability to obtain information necessary to determine geolocation from mobile devices, operating systems, and other sources. Changes, disruptions or temporary or permanent failure to access such sources by our third-party service providers may result in their inability to accurately determine the location of our customers. Moreover, our inability to maintain our existing contracts with third-party service providers, or to replace them with equivalent third parties, may result in our inability to access geolocation and identity verification data necessary for our day-to-day operations. If any of these risks materializes, we may be subject to disciplinary action, fines, lawsuits, and our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be adversely affected.

We also rely on a limited number of third-party payment processors to process deposits and withdrawals made by our customers on our Platform. If any of our third-party payment processors terminates its relationship with us or refuses to renew its agreement with us on commercially reasonable terms, we would need to find an alternate payment processor, and may not be able to secure similar terms or replace such payment processor in an acceptable time frame. Further, the software and services provided by our third-party payment processors may not meet our expectations, contain errors or vulnerabilities, be compromised or experience outages. Any of these risks could cause us to lose our ability to accept online payments or other payment transactions or make timely payments to customers on our platform, any of which could make our Platform less trustworthy and convenient and adversely affect our ability to attract and retain our customers.

Our payments are made by credit card, debit card or through other third-party payment services, which subjects us to certain regulations and to the risk of fraud. We may in the future offer new payment options to customers that may be subject to additional regulations and risks and/or may incur higher transaction charges. We are also subject to a number of other laws and regulations relating to the payments we accept from our customers, including with respect to money laundering, money transfers, privacy and information security. Although we have implemented processes and have dedicated teams to ensure compliance with applicable rules and regulations, there have in the past, and there may be in the future, incidences where certain relevant information relating to “know your customer” (“KYC”) and/or anti-money laundering (“AML”) is not detected or established. If we fail to comply with applicable rules and regulations, we may be subject to civil or criminal penalties, fines and/or higher transaction fees and may lose our ability to accept online payments or other payment card transactions, which could make our offerings less convenient and attractive to our customers. If any of these events were to occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be adversely affected.

For example, if we are deemed to be a money transmitter as defined by applicable regulation, we could be subject to certain laws, rules and regulations enforced by multiple authorities and governing bodies in the United States and numerous state and local agencies who may define money transmitter differently. For example, certain U.S. states may have a more expansive view of who qualifies as a money transmitter. Additionally, we could be subject to additional laws, rules and regulations related to the provision of payments and financial services, and if we expand into new jurisdictions, the various regulations and regulators governing our business that we are subject to will expand as well. In addition to fines, penalties for failing to comply with applicable rules and regulations could include criminal and civil proceedings, forfeiture of significant assets or other enforcement actions. We could also be required to make changes to our business practices or compliance programs as a result of regulatory scrutiny.

Additionally, our payment processors require us to comply with payment card network operating rules, which are set and interpreted by the payment card networks. The payment card networks could adopt new operating rules or interpret or reinterpret existing rules in ways that might prohibit us from providing certain offerings to some customers, be costly to implement or difficult to follow. We have agreed to reimburse our payment processors for fines they are assessed by payment card networks if we or the customers on our Platform violate these rules. Any of the foregoing risks could adversely affect our regulatory licensure, business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Additionally, outages in our connectivity with our payment processors or their connectivity with downstream processors and networks might inhibit our ability to successfully process deposits and withdrawals on behalf of our customers. Errors in any of these systems may cause transactions to be processed multiple times or not at all, which may in turn result in customers being overcharged, overpaid or not paying us. Overcharging customers might result in representations, returns or chargebacks which might in turn jeopardize our relationships with our payment processors and potentially lead to fines and additional transaction costs or even the termination of our relationships with our payment processors. If we do not detect these errors timely then we might over-credit to or under-deduct from our customers’ casino accounts which might in turn result in customers being inadvertently given risk-free opportunities to play and thereby potentially win even larger amounts. We cannot guarantee that we will detect such outages or errors timeously nor that we will be able to recover any resulting losses from customers or third-party providers. Any attempts by us to recover such losses from our customers may cause our customers to have a negative experience and our brand or reputation may be negatively affected and our customers may be less inclined to continue or resume utilizing our products or recommend our Platform to other potential customers. As such, any such outages or errors could harm our reputation, business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects.

Furthermore, if any of our payment processors terminates its relationship with us or refuses to renew its agreement with us on commercially reasonable terms, we might need to find an alternate provider. Given the occasionally unique benefits and features of different payment options, exact replacement might not be possible and we may not be able to secure similar terms or benefits or features or replace such payment processors in an acceptable time frame. Any of these risks could increase our costs and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. Further, any negative publicity related to any of our payment processors, including any publicity related to regulatory concerns, could adversely affect our reputation and brand, and could potentially lead to increased regulatory or litigation exposure.

We rely on third-party service providers for components of our marketing and customer communications processes and systems. Failures or outages in these systems may inhibit our ability to acquire new customers or retain existing customers. The nature of these processes means that certain customer personal information may be transmitted through these systems. If these systems are compromised in any way then customer personal data might be compromised and in turn our customers’ perception of our reliability and security might be impacted. Any of the foregoing risks could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We rely on third-party providers for nearly all of our casino games. These third parties are responsible for the design, development and maintenance of these games. In the past there have been outages during which time one or more games have been unavailable. There have also been incidents where errors in the design or development or maintenance of these games has result in erroneous payouts to customers, including instances where games have erroneously produced positive expected returns to customers and hence losses for the casino. We cannot be certain that we will always detect such outages and errors timeously nor that we will be able to recover any losses resulting from errors either from customers or third-party providers. Any outages or attempts by us to recover such losses from errors from our customers may cause our customers to have a negative experience and our brand or reputation may be negatively affected and our customers may be less inclined to continue or resume utilizing our products or recommend our Platform to other potential customers. As such, any such outages and errors could harm our reputation, business and operating results.

Furthermore, if any of our casino game suppliers terminates its relationship with us or refuses to renew its agreement with us on commercially reasonable terms, we might need to find an alternate provider. Given the unique design of each casino game, exact replacement would not be possible and we may not be able to secure similar terms or product features or extent of product range or replace such providers in an acceptable time frame. Any of these risks could increase our costs and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. Further, any negative publicity related to any of our third-party casino game supplier partners, including any publicity related to regulatory concerns, could adversely affect our reputation and brand, and could potentially lead to increased regulatory or litigation exposure.

We may have difficulty accessing the services of banks, credit card issuers and payment processing services providers due to the nature of our business, which may make it difficult for players to effect transactions with financial institutions when making deposits or withdrawals from our platform.

Although financial institutions and payment processors are permitted to provide services to us and others in our industry, banks, credit card issuers and payment processing service providers may be hesitant to offer banking and payment processing services to real money gaming. Consequently, businesses involved in our industry, including our own, may encounter difficulties in establishing and maintaining banking and payment processing relationships with a full scope of services and generating market rate interest. Similarly, our customers’ banks and/or credit card providers might decline to allow our customers to effect transactions with online gaming or might block such attempted transactions. If we are unable to maintain our bank accounts or our customers are unable to use their credit cards, bank accounts or e-wallets to make deposits and withdrawals from our platforms, it would be difficult for us to operate our business and increase our operating costs, and would pose additional operational, logistical and security challenges which could result in an inability to implement our business plan and harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our growth prospects may suffer if we are unable to develop successful game offerings or if we fail to pursue new and exciting additional game offerings. In addition, if we fail to make the right investment decisions in our offerings and technology platform, we may not attract and retain players and our revenue and results of operations may decline.

Ellmount Entertainment Ltd, was founded over a decade ago, under the laws of Malta, and was primarily focused on iGaming product offerings. We have repurposed Ellmount Entertainment into a marketing company during the first quarter 2022, and since then have transitioned existing customers to our HighRoller.com domain. We are focused on expanding the user base and we anticipate expanding further as new product offerings mature and as we pursue our growth strategies. The iGaming industry is characterized by continuous technological change, evolving regulatory and industry standards, frequent new product offerings and changes in customer expectations. To keep pace with the technological developments, achieve product acceptance and remain relevant to users, we will need to continue introducing new products and services as well as enhanced functionality on our existing suite of products and services. We must continually adapt to changing business environments and competing technologies and products. To the extent we are not able to adapt to new technologies and/or standards, experience delays in implementing such technologies or fail to accurately predict emerging technological trends, we may lose customers.

The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and divert management’s attention, and the increases in legal, accounting, cyber security, insurance and compliance expenses may be greater than we had anticipated.

As a public company (and particularly after we are no longer an “emerging growth company”), we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that the Company did not incur as a private company. We are subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and will be required to comply with the applicable requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Dodd- Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, as well as the rules and regulations subsequently implemented by the SEC and the listing standards of , including changes in corporate governance practices and the establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls. Compliance with these rules and regulations can be complex and burdensome. Our management and other personnel need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives. Moreover, these rules and regulations increase our historical legal and financial compliance costs and make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, becoming a public company has made it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of the board of directors of the Company (the “Board”) as compared to High Roller as a private company. In particular, we expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which will increase when we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” We have hired, and may need to continue to hire, additional accounting and financial staff, and engage outside consultants, all with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge, and maintain an internal audit function, which will increase our operating expenses. Moreover, we could incur additional compensation costs in the event that we decide to pay cash compensation closer to that of other public companies, which would increase our general and administrative expenses and could materially and adversely affect our profitability. We continue to evaluate these rules and regulations and cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.

The lack of public company experience of our management team could adversely impact our ability to comply with the reporting requirements of U.S. securities laws, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business.

Our officers have limited public company experience, which could impair our ability to comply with legal and regulatory requirements such as those imposed by Sarbanes-Oxley Act. These responsibilities include complying with federal securities laws and making required disclosures on a timely basis. Any of these deficiencies, weaknesses or lack of compliance could have a materially adverse effect on our ability to comply with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, which is necessary to maintain our public company status. If we were to fail to fulfill those obligations, our ability to continue as a U.S. public company would be in jeopardy in which event you could lose your entire investment in our Company.

As a private company, we were not subject to the SEC’s requirements regarding our internal controls over financial reporting. Our failure to maintain adequate financial, information technology and management processes and controls has resulted in material weaknesses that could lead to errors in our financial reporting, which in turn could adversely affect our business.

As a private company, we were not required to document and test our internal controls over financial reporting, our management was not required to certify the effectiveness of our internal controls and our independent registered public accounting firm was not required to opine on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. As an “emerging growth company,” we continue to be, exempt from certain of the SEC’s internal control reporting requirements. However, we will lose our emerging growth company status and become subject to certain additional internal control over financial reporting management and auditor attestation requirements in the year in which we are deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which would occur once we are subject to Exchange Act reporting requirements for 12 months, have filed at least one SEC annual report and the market value of our common equity held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the end of the prior fiscal year’s second fiscal quarter. We may not be able to complete our evaluation, testing and any required remediation in a timely fashion.

In order to seek an initial public offering and related listing on a national stock exchange, the Company, which until December 2021 was domiciled and had operated exclusively outside of the United States, effected a recapitalization into a Delaware corporation as of December 21, 2021, and in February and March 2022 completed the branding and launching of its online casino platform. In 2021 and prior, the Company’s business, operations, assets, banking, accounting, legal, financial, and tax compliance were not subject to the securities and tax laws and regulations of the United States. As such, the Company’s accounting, financial and tax compliance systems had not been designed to be compliant with the securities and tax laws and regulations of the United States. In conjunction with the Company’s efforts to complete an initial public offering, the Company initiated efforts to prepare, for the first time, audited consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 in accordance with U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting standards, as a result of which certain issues were identified that indicated the existence of deficiencies in the Company’s internal ability to prepare such consolidated financial statements, reflecting material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Current management has not yet developed and installed the necessary financial and accounting systems and procedures, nor retained the financial and accounting staff with the necessary technical competence and accounting experience to address accounting and reporting issues under U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting standards, and to implement proper internal controls. Current management has retained the services of qualified outside consultants with expertise to perform specific accounting and finance functions, and to assist in the design of accounting and internal control systems. Accordingly, the Company has not yet completed the process to establish adequate internal controls over financial reporting, and it expects that this process will take some time to accomplish and will require the availability of additional operating capital, whether from an initial public offering or otherwise. However, there can be no assurances that these efforts will be sufficient to fully develop and implement adequate disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting.

In addition, our current controls and any new controls that we develop may become inadequate because of design-related issues and changes in our business, including increased complexity resulting from any revenue sharing arrangements and international expansion. Any failure to implement and maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting could adversely affect the results of assessments by our independent registered public accounting firm and their attestation reports. If we are unable to certify the effectiveness of our internal controls or remedy the identified material weakness, or if our internal controls have any additional material weaknesses, we may not detect errors timely, our consolidated financial statements could be misstated, and we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny and a loss of confidence by stakeholders, which could harm our business and adversely affect the market price of our securities.

Recruitment and retention of our employees, including certain key employees, are vital to growing our business and meeting our business plans. The loss of any of our key executives or other key employees could harm our business.

We depend on a limited number of key personnel to manage and operate our business. The leadership of our current executive officers has been a critical element of our success and the departure, death or disability of any one of our executive officers or other extended or permanent loss of any of their services, or any negative market or industry perception with respect to any of them or their loss, could have a material adverse effect on our business. We cannot provide assurance that we will be able to attract or retain such highly qualified, and experienced personnel in the future. In addition, the loss of employees or the inability to hire necessary skilled employees could result in significant disruptions to our business, and the integration of replacement personnel could be time-consuming and expensive and cause additional disruptions to our business. If we do not succeed in attracting, hiring, and integrating excellent personnel, or retaining and motivating existing personnel, we may be unable to grow effectively and our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be adversely affected.

Due to the nature of our business, we are subject to taxation in a number of jurisdictions and changes in, or new interpretation of, tax laws, tax rulings or their application by tax authorities could result in additional tax liabilities and could materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our tax obligations are varied and include United States federal, state and international taxes due to the nature of our business. The tax laws that are applicable to our business are subject to interpretation, and significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. In the course of our business, there will be many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. For example, compliance with the 2017 United States Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”) may require the collection of information not regularly produced within our Company, the use of estimates in our consolidated financial statements, and the exercise of significant judgment in accounting for its provisions. As regulations and guidance evolve with respect to the TCJA, and as we gather more information and perform more analysis, our results may differ from previous estimates and may materially affect our consolidated financial statements.

The gaming industry represents a significant source of tax revenue to the jurisdictions in which we operate. Gaming companies and B2B providers in the gaming industry (directly and/or indirectly by way of their commercial relationships with operators) are currently subject to significant taxes and fees in addition to normal corporate income taxes, and such taxes and fees are subject to increase at any time. From time to time, various legislators and other government officials have proposed and adopted changes in tax laws, or in the administration or interpretation of such laws, affecting the gaming industry. In addition, any worsening of economic conditions and the large number of jurisdictions with significant current or projected budget deficits, many of which have been made worse due to COVID-19, could intensify the efforts of governments to raise revenues through increases in gaming taxes and/or other taxes. It is not possible to determine with certainty the likelihood of changes in tax laws or in the administration or interpretation or enforcement of such laws. Any material increase, or the adoption of additional taxes or fees, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Additionally, tax authorities may impose indirect taxes on Internet-related commercial activity based on existing statutes and regulations which, in some cases, were established prior to the advent of the Internet. Tax authorities may interpret laws originally enacted for mature industries and apply it to newer industries, such as ours. The application of such laws may be inconsistent from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Our in-jurisdiction activities may vary from period to period which could result in differences in nexus from period to period.

We are subject to periodic review and audit by domestic and foreign tax authorities. Tax authorities may disagree with certain positions we have taken or that we will take, and any adverse outcome of such a review or audit could have a negative effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Although we believe that our tax provisions, positions and estimates are reasonable and appropriate, tax authorities may disagree with certain positions we have taken. In addition, economic and political pressures to increase tax revenue in various jurisdictions may make resolving tax disputes favorably more difficult.

We have business operations located outside of the United States, which subjects us to additional costs and risks that could adversely affect our operating results.

Our operations are located in multiple jurisdictions and we may in the future pursue to expand into other additional markets. Compliance with international and local laws and regulations that apply to our operations increases our cost of doing business. As a result of our operations, we are subject to a variety of risks and challenges in managing an organization operating in various countries, including those related to:

If we are unable to expand or adequately staff and manage our existing development operations, we may not realize, in whole or in part, the anticipated benefits from these initiatives (including lower development expenses), which in turn could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our business includes significant international operations, and we are likely to be exposed to foreign currency transaction and translation risks. As a result, changes in the valuation of any major currency with which we conduct business in relation to other currencies could have positive or negative effects on our profitability and financial position.

Our global operations are likely to expose us to foreign currency transaction and translation risks. Currency transaction risk occurs in conjunction with purchases and sales of products and services that are made in currencies other than the local currency of the subsidiary involved, for example if the parent company pays, or transfers euro to a subsidiary in order to fund its expenses in local currencies. Currency translation risks occurs when the income statement and balance sheet of a foreign subsidiary is converted into currencies other than the local currency of the company involved, for example when the results of these subsidiaries are consolidated in the results of a parent company with a different reporting currency.

Due to our international operations, a significant portion of our business is denominated in foreign currencies. As a result, fluctuations in foreign currency and exchange rates may have an impact on our business, results of operations and financial position. Foreign currency exchange rates have fluctuated and may continue to fluctuate. Significant foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations may negatively impact our international revenue, which in turn affects our consolidated revenue. Currencies may be affected by internal factors, general economic conditions and external developments in other countries, all of which can have an adverse impact on a country’s currency. Currently, we are not party to any hedging transactions intended to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. We may seek to enter into hedging transaction in the future, but we may be unable to enter into these transactions successfully, on acceptable terms or at all. We cannot predict whether we will incur foreign exchange losses in the future. Further, significant foreign exchange fluctuations resulting in a decline in the respective local currency may decrease the value of our foreign assets, as well as decrease our revenues and earnings from our foreign subsidiaries, which would reduce our profitability and adversely affect our financial position.

We have been dependent on Happy Hour Entertainment Holdings Ltd. and on Spike Up Media and certain of its affiliates to provide us with certain services. These arrangements may change and may not be sufficient to meet our needs, and we may have difficulty finding replacement services or be required to pay increased costs to replace these services to the extent that our arrangements with either of them is terminated.

Certain games on our website are provided by a range of third parties through nominee agreement with Happy Hour Solutions Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Happy Hour Entertainment Holdings Ltd., one of our principal shareholders. Lead generation for the High Roller and for Casino Room platforms are supplied to us in part by Spike Up Media Spike Up Media is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ellmount Interactive A.B. which is beneficially owned by OEH and Cascadia, two of our principal shareholders. Daniel Bradtke, a principal of Happy Hour Entertainment, is one of our directors. Spike Up Media owns an approximate eight percent ownership interest in Happy Hour Entertainment.

For the duration that these services are being provided to us by Happy Hour Entertainment and by Spike Up Media, we will be dependent on them for services that are critical to our operations, and our ability to negotiate the rates we pay with respect to such services is limited. Should the services agreement with either of them terminate, we may not be able to replace these services or enter into appropriate third-party agreements on terms and conditions, including cost and quality of service, comparable to those that we receive from them under the services agreements and our operating arrangements. Although we may in the future lose and attempt to replace portions of the services that are currently provided by affiliates, we may encounter difficulties replacing certain services or be unable to negotiate pricing or other terms as favorable as those we currently have in effect, which would reduce our rate of growth, lower profitability and materially impact our financial position.

Negative publicity of us or an adverse shift in public opinion regarding online casino wagering may adversely impact our business and user retention.

We operate in a public-facing industry where negative publicity, including from our customers, whether or not justified, can spread rapidly through, among other things, social media. To the extent that we are unable to respond timeously and appropriately to negative publicity or to the extent our responses to negative publicity are not fairly published or not positively received, our reputation and brands could be harmed. Moreover, even if we are able to respond in a timely and appropriate manner, we cannot predict how negative publicity may affect our reputation and business.

A negative change in the public’s opinion of online casino, or how politicians and other governmental authorities view online casino wagering could result in future legislation or new regulations restricting or prohibiting certain (or all) online casino wagering activities in certain jurisdictions, the result of which may negatively impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Further, negative publicity of us or our product offerings, Platform or user experience in online casino wagering industry generally could lead to new restrictions and limitations on us and online casino wagering generally, which may have a negative impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We and our employees also use social media to communicate externally. There is risk that the use of social media by us or our employees to communicate about our business or for any other purpose even in a personal capacity may give rise to negative publicity or liability or result in public exposure of personal information of our employees or customers, each of which could affect our reputation, revenue, business, results of operations and financial condition.

We rely on several different marketing channels to acquire and retain customers and to promote our iCasino brands and our products. If we are not able to effectively acquire and retain customers via such channels then our business and operating results may be harmed.

In addition to our relationship with Spike Up Media, we utilize a variety of marketing initiatives, which may include traditional marketing channels (such as print), digital marketing (such as online display advertising, search engine marketing, social media and “affiliates” marketing) and retention marketing (including via email, text messages and social media). Traditional marketing channels are by their nature difficult to measure. Digital marketing is typically more measurable but somewhat more complex to undertake. Retention marketing is subject to customer consent which is not always granted or may be revoked. Our ability to execute on our marketing plans is subject to regulatory constraints in each market and it is not unusual for marketing-related regulations to change from time to time. If our ability to monitor and measure performance of any of these channels is compromised or if our ability to execute our plans in any of these channels is in any way inhibited then our ability to acquire and retain customers could be harmed and our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects may suffer.

In some regions and for some of our initiatives we may rely extensively on independent third-party marketers, known as “affiliates”. “Affiliates” is an industry term that describes independent third-parties which assist the Company to acquire new customers and which are generally paid on a revenue-share or cost-per-acquisition basis. Despite the word “affiliates”, these are independent parties that are not otherwise affiliated with the Company in the ordinary sense of the word. Notwithstanding that in some jurisdictions for license purposes we are deemed to control these “affiliates” marketers, their actions in the marketing of our brands are not directly within our control and hence actions, errors, omissions or intentional malfeasance on their part may cause damage to our brands, our business, our prospects and our financial results before we are able to detect such actions, errors, omissions or intentional malfeasance and/or do anything to mitigate the effects thereof. In particular, we can be held accountable by regulatory authorities for actions by such third parties in contravention of our license in a given jurisdiction, which in turn may lead to fines, license suspension, loss of license or other censure, which may in turn harm our business, our prospects and/or our financial performance. Our agreements with such marketers sometimes make us obliged to pay them an ongoing share of revenues derived from customers that they introduce to us, or sometimes such that we are required to pay them a “cost per acquisition” capitation fee for each customer introduced, or sometimes a combination of both. Such third-party “affiliates” are under no obligation to continue introducing customers to us, but we may be obliged to continue to pay them future revenue shares where applicable nonetheless.

In some regions we may make use of search engine marketing (SEM, which is the purchase of advertising against keywords on search engines) and search engine optimization (SEO, which is the adaptation of our websites and employment of other techniques in order to achieve more favorable rankings when customers search for gaming-related keywords on search engines). Search engines such as Google regularly change their internal proprietary and confidential algorithms by which SEM and SEO operate and typically do so in ways that are not predictable as to timing or effect. If we fail to adapt our marketing methods to these changes or if our competitors do so better than we do then our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects may suffer.

Several of our marketing channels rely on being able to successfully track customers across different websites and apps and/or to augment our own data with additional marketing data for purposes of measuring and monitoring the effectiveness of our marketing campaigns and/or effectively adapting or executing on our marketing campaigns. The ability to do this is under threat of restrictive legislation in some jurisdictions and technology platform providers such as Google and Apple have taken steps to restrict such tracking and augmentation and we expect that further restrictions may be added in future. Such restrictions may hamper our ability to acquire or retain customers and thereby cause our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects to suffer.

Risks Related to Government Regulation

Our business is subject to a variety of United States and foreign laws, many of which are unsettled and still developing. Any change in regulations or their interpretation, or the regulatory climate applicable to our products and services, or changes in tax rules and regulations or interpretation thereof related to our products and services, could adversely impact our ability to operate our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We are subject to laws and regulations relating to real-money online casino wagering in the jurisdictions in which we conduct our business or in some circumstances, of those jurisdictions in which we offer our product offerings. We are also subject to the general laws and regulations that apply to all e-commerce businesses, such as those related to privacy and personal information, tax and consumer protection. These laws and regulations vary from one jurisdiction to another and future legislative and regulatory action, court decisions or other governmental action, which may be affected by, among other things, political pressures, attitudes and climates, as well as personal biases, may have a material impact on our operations and financial results. In particular, some jurisdictions have introduced regulations attempting to restrict or prohibit online gaming, while others have taken the position that online gaming should be licensed and regulated and have adopted or are in the process of considering legislation and regulations to enable that to happen. Additionally, some jurisdictions in which we may operate could presently be unregulated or partially regulated and therefore more susceptible to the enactment or change of laws and regulations.

Future legislative and regulatory action, and court decisions or other governmental action, may have a material impact on our operations and financial results. Governmental authorities could view us as having violated local laws, despite our efforts to obtain all applicable licenses or approvals. Further, there is risk that governmental authorities or courts could determine that our casino offerings constitute unauthorized gambling or that legislation is enacted in jurisdictions in which we operate casino offerings that makes our casino offerings unauthorized gambling, which could negatively impact our operations and business results. There is also a risk that civil and criminal proceedings, including class actions brought by or on behalf of prosecutors or public entities or incumbent monopoly providers, or private individuals, could be initiated against us, Internet service providers, credit card and other payment processors, financial institutions, advertisers and others involved in the online casino and gaming industries. Such potential proceedings could involve substantial litigation expense, penalties, fines, seizure of assets, injunctions or other restrictions being imposed upon us or our licensees or other business partners, while diverting the attention of key executives. Such proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, as well as impact our reputation.

There can be no assurance that legally enforceable legislation will not be proposed and passed in jurisdictions relevant or potentially relevant to our business to prohibit, legislate or regulate various aspects of the online casino and retail and online gaming industries (or that existing laws in those jurisdictions will not be interpreted negatively). Compliance with any such legislation may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, either as a result of our determination that a jurisdiction should be blocked, or because a local license or approval may be costly for us or our business partners to obtain and/or such licenses or approvals may contain other commercially undesirable conditions.

In the United States, the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 (“UIGEA”) prohibits among other things, the acceptance by a business of a wager by means of the Internet where such wager is prohibited by any federal or state law where initiated, received or otherwise made. Under UIGEA severe criminal and civil sanctions may be imposed on the owners and operators of such systems and on financial institutions that process wagering transactions. The law contains a safe harbor for wagers placed within a single state (disregarding intermediate routing of the transmission) where the method of placing the wager and receiving the wager is authorized by that state’s law, provided the underlying regulations establish appropriate age and location verification.

The Illegal Gambling Business Act (“IGBA”) makes it a crime to conduct, finance, manage, supervise, direct or own all or part of an “illegal gambling business” and the Travel Act makes it a crime to use the mail or any facility in interstate commerce with the intent to “distribute the proceeds of any unlawful activity,” or “otherwise promote, manage, establish, carry on, or facilitate the promotion, management, establishment, or carrying on, of any unlawful activity.” For there to be a violation of either the IGBA or the Travel Act there must be a violation of underlying state law.

Until 2011, there was uncertainty as to whether the Federal Wire Act of 1961 (the “Wire Act”) prohibited states from conducting intrastate lottery transactions via the Internet if such transactions crossed state lines. In late 2011, the Office of Legal Counsel (the “OLC”) of the United States Department of Justice (“DOJ”) issued an opinion which concluded that the prohibitions of the Wire Act were limited to sports gambling and thus did not apply to state lotteries at all (the “2011 DOJ opinion”). Following the issuance of the 2011 DOJ opinion, within the past few years, state-authorized Internet casino gaming has been launched in Delaware, New Jersey and Pennsylvania and has been approved in Michigan and state authorized online poker has been launched in Nevada. In 2018, at the request of the Criminal Division, the OLC reconsidered the 2011 DOJ opinion’s conclusion that the Wire Act was limited to sports gambling. On January 14, 2019, the OLC published a legal opinion dated November 2, 2018 (the “2018 DOJ opinion”), which concluded that the 2011 DOJ opinion had incorrectly interpreted the Wire Act. In the 2018 DOJ opinion, the OLC concluded that the restrictions on the transmission in interstate or foreign commerce of bets and wagers in the Wire Act were not limited to sports gambling but instead applied to all bets and wagers. The OLC also found that the enactment of the UIGEA described above did not modify the scope of the Wire Act. The OLC acknowledged that its conclusion in the 2018 DOJ opinion, which was contrary to the 2011 DOJ opinion, will make it more likely that the executive branch’s view of the law will be tested in the courts. At this time, we are unable to determine whether the 2018 DOJ opinion will be upheld by the courts, or what impact it will have on us or our customers.

Our growth prospects depend on the legal status of real-money online casino gaming in various jurisdictions, and legalization may not occur in as many jurisdictions as we expect or may occur at a slower pace than we anticipate or may be accompanied by legislative or regulatory restrictions or taxes that make it impracticable or less attractive to operate, which could adversely affect our future results of operations and make it more difficult to meet our expectations for financial performance.

A number of jurisdictions do not prohibit, have legalized, or are currently considering legalizing, real-money gaming, and our growth, business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects are significantly dependent upon the legalization of real-money gaming expanding to new jurisdictions. Our business plan is partially based upon real-money gaming becoming legal for a specific percent of the population on a yearly basis; however, this may not occur as we have anticipated. Additionally, if a large number of additional jurisdictions enact real-money gaming legislation and we are unable to obtain or are otherwise delayed in obtaining the necessary licenses to operate online gaming websites in such jurisdictions where such games are legalized, our future growth in online gaming could be materially impaired.

As we enter into new jurisdictions, local authorities may legalize real-money online gaming in a manner that is unfavorable to us. As a result, we may encounter legal, regulatory and political challenges that are difficult or impossible to foresee and which could result in an unforeseen adverse impact on planned revenues or costs associated with the new opportunity. Jurisdictions that have established state-run monopolies may limit opportunities for private sector participants like us. Jurisdictions may also impose substantial tax rates on online gaming revenue. Such taxes would make it more costly and less desirable for us to launch in a given jurisdiction, while tax increases in any of our existing jurisdictions may adversely impact our profitability.

Therefore, even in cases in which a jurisdiction purports to license and regulate online gaming, the licensing and regulatory regimes can vary considerably in terms of their business-friendliness and at times may be intended to provide incumbent operators with advantages over new licensees. Therefore, some “liberalized” regulatory regimes are considerably more commercially attractive than others.

Failure to comply with regulatory requirements or to successfully obtain a license or permit applied for could adversely impact our ability to comply with licensing and regulatory requirements or to obtain or maintain licenses in other jurisdictions, or could cause financial institutions, online and mobile platforms and distributors to stop providing services to us.

Compliance with the various regulations applicable to real-money wagering is costly and time-consuming. Regulatory authorities at the non-United States, United States federal, state and local levels have broad powers with respect to the regulation and licensing of real-money gaming operations and may revoke, suspend, condition or limit our real-money gaming licenses, impose substantial fines on us and take other actions, any one of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. These laws and regulations are dynamic and subject to potentially differing interpretations, and various legislative and regulatory bodies may expand current laws or regulations or enact new laws and regulations regarding these matters. We will strive to comply with all applicable laws and regulations relating to our business. It is possible, however, that these requirements may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another and may conflict with other rules. Non-compliance with any such law or regulations could expose us to claims, proceedings, litigation and investigations by private parties and regulatory authorities, as well as substantial fines and negative publicity, each of which may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Any real-money gaming license could be revoked, suspended or conditioned at any time. The loss of a license in one jurisdiction could trigger the loss of a license or affect our eligibility for such a license in another jurisdiction, and any of such losses, or potential for such loss, could cause us to cease offering some or all of our offerings in the impacted jurisdictions. We may be unable to obtain or maintain all necessary registrations, licenses, permits or approvals, and could incur fines or experience delays related to the licensing process, which could adversely affect our operations. Our delay or failure to obtain or maintain licenses in any jurisdiction may prevent us from distributing our offerings, increasing our customer base and/or generating revenues. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain and maintain the licenses and related approvals necessary to conduct our online casino wagering operations. Any failure to maintain or renew our existing licenses, registrations, permits or approvals could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Additionally, a gaming regulatory body may refuse to issue or renew a gaming license or restrict or condition the same, based on our past or present activities or our current or former directors, officers, employees, stockholders or third parties with whom we have relationships, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. If additional gaming regulations are adopted in a jurisdiction in which we operate, such regulations could impose restrictions or costs that could have a significant adverse effect on us. From time to time, various proposals are introduced in the legislatures of some of the jurisdictions in which we have existing or planned operations that, if enacted, could adversely affect our directors, officers, key employees, or other aspects of the company’s operations. To date, we believe we have obtained all governmental licenses, findings of suitability, registrations, permits and approvals necessary for our operations. However, we can give no assurance that any additional licenses, permits and approvals that may be required will be given or that existing ones will be renewed or will not be revoked. Renewal is subject to, among other things, continued satisfaction of suitability requirements of our directors, officers, key employees and stockholders. Any failure to renew or maintain our licenses or to receive new licenses when required would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

In some jurisdictions, our key executives, certain employees or other individuals related to the business will be subject to licensing or compliance requirements. Failure by such individuals to obtain the necessary licenses or comply with individual regulatory obligations could cause the business to be non-compliant with its obligations, or imperil its ability to obtain or maintain licenses necessary for the conduct of the business.

As part of obtaining real-money gaming licenses, the responsible gaming authority will generally determine suitability of certain directors, officers and employees and, in some instances, significant stockholders. The criteria used by gaming authorities to make determinations as to who requires a finding of suitability or the suitability of an applicant to conduct gaming operations varies among jurisdictions, but generally requires extensive and detailed application disclosures followed by a thorough investigation. Gaming authorities typically have broad discretion in determining whether an applicant should be found suitable to conduct operations within a given jurisdiction. If any gaming authority with jurisdiction over our business were to find an applicable officer, director, employee or significant stockholder of ours unsuitable for licensing or unsuitable to continue having a relationship with us, we would be required to sever our relationship with that person. Furthermore, such gaming authorities may require us to terminate the employment of any person who refuses to file required applications. Either result could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property and Data Security

We rely on information technology and other systems and platforms, and failures, errors, defects or disruptions therein could diminish our brand and reputation, subject us to liability, disrupt our business, affect our ability to scale our technical infrastructure and adversely affect our operating results and growth prospects. Our product offerings and other software applications and systems, and certain third-party platforms that we use could contain undetected errors.

Our technology infrastructure is critical to the performance of our Platform and product offerings and to user satisfaction. We devote significant resources to network and data security to protect our systems and data. However, our systems may not be adequately designed with the necessary reliability and redundancy to avoid performance delays or outages that could be harmful to our business. We cannot assure you that absolute security will be provided by the measures we take to: prevent or hinder cyber-attacks and protect our systems, data and user information; to prevent outages, data or information loss, and fraud; and to prevent or detect security breaches. Such measures include a disaster recovery strategy for server and equipment failure, back-office systems and the use of third parties for certain cybersecurity services. We have experienced, and we may in the future experience, website disruptions, outages and other performance problems due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors and capacity constraints. To date, such disruptions, individually and in the aggregate, have not had a material impact us; however, future disruptions from unauthorized access to, fraudulent manipulation of, or tampering with our computer systems and technological infrastructure, or those of third parties, could result in a wide range of negative outcomes, each of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. At this stage of our development, our board of directors, as a group, will actively oversee cybersecurity risks and will be committed to the prevention, timely detection and mitigation of the effects of any such incidents on our company’s operations. While our board of directors will oversee cybersecurity risk management, our management will be responsible for day-to-day risk management processes. Our board of directors has tasked our Chief Technology Officer and other management with the responsibility to manage our cybersecurity initiatives including with respect to our customer data and game suppliers databases. Our board of directors will receive regular reports from management, including our Chief Technology Officer, on material cybersecurity risks and the degree of our company’s exposure to those risks. Management will also work with third-party service providers to maintain appropriate controls. While we believe this approach is the most effective approach for addressing our cybersecurity risks at this time we cannot assure that it will be adequate to our evolving growth needs.

Additionally, our product offerings may contain errors, bugs, flaws or corrupted data, and these defects may become apparent only after their launch and could result in a vulnerability that could compromise the security of our systems. If a particular product offering is unavailable when users attempt to access it or navigation through our platforms is slower than they expect, users may be unable to use our product offerings as desired and may be less likely to return to our platforms as often, if at all. Furthermore, programming errors, defects and data corruption could disrupt our operations, adversely affect the experience of our users, harm our reputation, cause our users to stop utilizing our platforms, divert our resources or delay market acceptance of our product offerings, any of which could result in legal liability to us or harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Insufficient business continuity management could diminish our brand and reputation, subject us to liability, disrupt our business and adversely affect our operating results and growth prospects, and failure of planned availability and continuity solutions and disaster recovery when activated in response to an incident could result in system interruptions and degradation of service.

If our user base and engagement continue to grow, and the amount and types of product offerings continue to grow and evolve, we will need an increasing amount of technical infrastructure, including network capacity and computing power, to continue to satisfy our users’ needs. Such infrastructure expansion may be complex, and unanticipated delays in completing these projects or availability of components may lead to increased project costs, operational inefficiencies, or interruptions in the delivery or degradation of the quality of our product offerings. In addition, there may be issues related to this infrastructure that are not identified during the testing phases of design and implementation, which may become evident only after we have started to fully use the underlying equipment or software, that could further degrade the user experience or increase our costs. As such, we could fail to continue to effectively scale and grow our technical infrastructure to accommodate increased demands. In addition, a lack of resources (e.g., hardware, software, personnel and service providers) could result in an inability to scale our services to meet business needs, system interruptions, degradation of service or operational mistakes. Our business also may be subject to interruptions, delays or failures resulting from adverse weather conditions, other natural disasters, power loss, terrorism, cyber-attacks, public health emergencies (such as COVID-19) or other catastrophic events.

We believe that if our users have a negative experience with our product offerings, or if our brand or reputation is negatively affected, users may be less inclined to continue or resume utilizing our product offerings or to recommend our Platform to other potential users. As such, a failure or significant interruption in our service could harm our reputation, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such access, disclosure, other loss or theft of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, and regulatory penalties, disruption of our operations and the services we provide to users, damage to our reputation, and a loss of confidence in our products and services, each of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

The secure maintenance and transmission of user information is a critical element of our operations. Our information technology and other systems that maintain and transmit user information, or the systems of third-party service providers and business partners, may be compromised by a malicious third-party penetration of our network security, or the network security of a third-party service provider or business partner, or impacted by intentional or unintentional actions or inactions by our employees, or the actions or inactions of a third-party service provider or business partner. As a result, our users’ information may be lost, disclosed, accessed or taken without such users’ consent. We have experienced attempts to breach our systems and other similar incidents in the past. For example, we have been and expect that we will continue to be subject to attempts to gain unauthorized access to or through our information systems or those we develop for our customers, whether by our employees or third parties, including phishing attacks by computer programmers and hackers who may develop and deploy viruses, worms or other malicious software programs. To date these attacks have not had a material impact on our operations or financial results, but we cannot provide assurance that they will not have a material impact in the future, including by overloading our systems and network and preventing our product offering from being accessed by legitimate users.

We rely on encryption and authentication technology licensed from third parties in an effort to securely transmit confidential and sensitive information. Advances in computer capabilities, new technological discoveries or other developments may result in the whole or partial failure of this technology to protect transaction data or other confidential and sensitive information from being breached or compromised. In addition, websites are often attacked through compromised credentials, including those obtained through phishing and credential stuffing. Our security measures, and those of our third-party service providers, may not detect or prevent all attempts to breach our systems, denial-of-service attacks, viruses, malicious software, break-ins, phishing attacks, social engineering, security breaches or other attacks and similar disruptions that may jeopardize the security of information stored in or transmitted by our websites, networks and systems or that we or such third parties otherwise maintain, including payment card systems, which may subject us to fines or higher transaction fees or limit or terminate our access to certain payment methods. We and such third parties may not anticipate or prevent all types of attacks until after they have already been launched. Further, techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to or sabotage systems change frequently and may not be known until launched against us or our third-party service providers.

In addition, security breaches can also occur as a result of non-technical issues, including intentional or inadvertent breaches by our employees or by third parties. These risks may increase over time as the complexity and number of technical systems and applications we use also increases. Breaches of our security measures or those of our third-party service providers or cybersecurity incidents could result in: unauthorized access to our sites, networks and systems; unauthorized access to and misappropriation of user information, including users’ personally identifiable information, or other confidential or proprietary information of ourselves or third parties; viruses, worms, spyware or other malware being served from our sites, networks or systems; deletion or modification of content or the display of unauthorized content on our sites; interruption, disruption or malfunction of operations; costs relating to breach remediation, deployment of additional personnel and protection technologies, response to governmental investigations and media inquiries and coverage; engagement of third-party experts and consultants; or litigation, regulatory action and other potential liabilities. In the past, the online gaming industry has experienced social engineering, phishing, malware and similar attacks and threats of denial-of-service attacks, none of which to date have been material to our business; however, such attacks could in the future have a material adverse effect on our operations. If any of these breaches of security should occur and be material, our reputation and brand could be damaged, our business may suffer, we could be required to expend significant capital and other resources to alleviate problems caused by such breaches, and we could be exposed to a risk of loss, litigation or regulatory action and possible liability. We cannot guarantee that recovery protocols and backup systems will be sufficient to prevent data loss. Actual or anticipated attacks may cause us to incur increasing costs, including costs to deploy additional personnel and protection technologies, train employees and engage third-party experts and consultants.

In addition, any party who is able illicitly to obtain a user’s password could access the user’s transaction data or personal information, resulting in the perception that our systems are insecure. Any compromise or breach of our security measures, or those of our third-party service providers, could violate applicable privacy, data protection, data security, network and information systems security and other laws and cause significant legal and financial exposure, adverse publicity and a loss of confidence in our security measures, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We continue to devote significant resources to protect against security breaches or we may need to in the future to address problems caused by breaches, including notifying affected users and responding to any resulting litigation, which in turn, diverts resources from the growth and expansion of our business.

Failure to protect or enforce our intellectual property rights, the confidentiality of our trade secrets and confidential information, or the costs involved in such enforcement could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We rely on trademark, copyright, trade secret and domain-name-protection laws to protect our rights in intellectual property. However, third parties may knowingly or unknowingly infringe our rights in intellectual property, third parties may challenge intellectual property rights held by us, and pending and future trademark may not be approved. In any of these cases, we may be required to expend significant time and expense to prevent infringement of or to enforce our rights. Notwithstanding our intellectual property rights, there can be no assurance that others will not offer products or services that are substantially similar to ours and compete with our business.

Circumstances outside our control could pose a threat to our intellectual property rights. For example, effective intellectual property protection may not be available in the United States or other countries in which we operate or intend to operate our business. Also, the efforts we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights may not be sufficient or effective, and any significant impairment of our intellectual property rights could harm our business or our ability to compete. If we are unable to protect our proprietary offerings and features, competitors may reverse engineer and/or copy them. Additionally, protecting our intellectual property rights is costly and time-consuming. Any unauthorized use of our intellectual property or disclosure of our confidential information or trade secrets could make it more expensive to do business, thereby harming our operating results. Furthermore, if we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights or prevent unauthorized use or appropriation by third parties, the value of our brands and other intangible assets may be diminished, and competitors may be able to more effectively mimic our product offerings and services. Any of these events could seriously harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our collection, storage and use, including sharing and international transfers, of personal data are subject to applicable data protection and privacy laws, and any actual or perceived failure to comply with such laws may harm our reputation and business or expose us to fines, civil claims (including class actions), and other enforcement action. The protection of personal information is becoming increasingly regulated and changes in applicable laws may require changes to our policies, practices, procedures and personnel which may require material expenditures and harm our financial condition and results of operations.

We are, and will increasingly become as we seek to expand our business, subject to numerous domestic and foreign laws, regulations, rules and standards, as well as associated industry standards, policies and contractual or other obligations, relating to the collection, use, storage, safeguarding, retention, security, destruction, disclosure, transfer, and/or other processing of personal data (collectively, “Processing”) in the jurisdictions in which we operate (collectively, “Data Protection Requirements”). These Data Protection Requirements often vary significantly by jurisdiction. While we have taken steps to comply with Data Protection Requirements, we cannot assure you that our efforts to achieve and remain in compliance have been and/or will continue to be, fully successful. If we fail, or are perceived to have failed, to address or comply with any such Data Protection Requirements, this could result in enforcement actions against us that could include investigations, fines, penalties, audits and inspections, additional reporting requirements and/or oversight, temporary or permanent bans on all or some Processing of personal data or orders to destroy or not use personal data. Further, individuals or other relevant stakeholders could bring a variety of claims against us for our actual or perceived failure to comply with the Data Protection Requirements. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, or financial condition, and could lead to a loss of actual or prospective customers, collaborators or partners; result in an inability to Process personal data or to operate in certain jurisdictions; limit our ability to develop or commercialize current or prospective offerings or services; or require us to revise or restructure our operations.

For example, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) applies to any Processing operations carried out in the context of the activities of an establishment in the EEA, as well as to any other Processing operations relating to the offering of goods or services to individuals in the EEA and/or the monitoring of individuals’ behavior in the EEA. Also, notwithstanding the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the EU, by operation of the so called ‘UK GDPR’ (i.e., the GDPR as it continues to form part of the law of the United Kingdom by virtue of section 3 of the EU (Withdrawal) Act 2018 and as subsequently amended) (“UK GDPR”) the GDPR continues to apply in substantially equivalent form to Processing operations carried out in the context of the activities of an establishment in the United Kingdom and any other Processing relating to the offering of goods or services to individuals in the United Kingdom and/or monitoring of individuals’ behavior in the United Kingdom. Consequently, any reference we make to the GDPR also refers to the UK GDPR in the context of the United Kingdom, unless the context indicates otherwise.

The GDPR further provides that EEA Member States may introduce specific, supplementary requirements related to the Processing of “special categories of personal data”; as well as personal data related to criminal offences or convictions. In the United Kingdom, the UK Data Protection Act 2018 complements the UK GDPR in this regard. This fact may lead to greater divergence on the law that applies to the Processing of such personal data across the EEA and/or United Kingdom, which may increase our costs and overall compliance risk.

The GDPR and such supplementary requirements impose stringent data privacy and security requirements. In particular, the GDPR imposes several requirements relating to ensuring there is a lawful basis for Processing personal data, extends the rights of individuals to whom the personal data relates, materially expands the definition of what is expressly noted to constitute personal data, requires additional disclosures about how personal data is to be used, imposes limitations on retention of personal data, imposes strict rules on the transfer of personal data out of the EEA/UK to most third countries, creates mandatory data breach notification requirements in certain circumstances and establishes onerous new obligations on service providers, or processors, who Process personal data simply on behalf of others. It also significantly increased penalties for noncompliance.

Additionally, following the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union on January 31, 2020 and end of the post-Brexit transition period on December 31, 2020, as noted above, the United Kingdom has introduced the UK GDPR which currently makes the privacy regimes of the EEA and United Kingdom similar, though it is possible that either the European Union, and consequently those further states that make up the remainder of the EEA, or United Kingdom could elect to change their approach and create differences in legal requirements and regulation in this area. On June 28, 2021, the European Commission issued an adequacy decision under the GDPR which allows transfers (other than those carried out for the purposes of United Kingdom immigration control) of personal data from the EEA to the United Kingdom to continue without restriction for a period of four years ending June 27, 2025.

After that period, the adequacy decision may be renewed, however, only if the United Kingdom continues to ensure an adequate level of data protection. During these four years, the European Commission will continue to monitor the legal situation in the United Kingdom and could intervene at any point if the United Kingdom deviates from the level of data protection in place at the time of issuance of the adequacy decision. If the adequacy decision is withdrawn or not renewed, transfers of personal data from the EEA to the United Kingdom will require a valid ‘transfer mechanism’ and we may be required to implement new processes and put new agreements in place (such as the then-current form of the European Commission-issued Standard Contractual Clauses), to enable transfers of personal data from the EEA to the United Kingdom to continue.

We are also subject to the Data Protection (Bailiwick of Guernsey) Law, 2017 (as amended) (the “Guernsey DP Law”), which largely follows GDPR and requires us to control and process personal data only for proper purposes and in accordance with statutory data protection principles, and the Data Protection Law of Colombia, which requires the consent of the customer to their data being transmitted outside of Colombia.

Because our products and services rely on the movement of data across national boundaries, global privacy and data security concerns could result in additional costs and liabilities to us or inhibit sales of our products and/ or services globally. In particular, European data protection laws, such as the GDPR, generally prohibit the transfer of personal data from the EEA, United Kingdom and Switzerland to the United States, and most other countries, known as ‘third countries’, in respect of which the European Commission or other relevant regulatory body has not issued a so-called ‘adequacy decision’, unless the parties to the transfer have implemented specific safeguards to protect the transferred personal data.

One of the primary safeguards used for transfers of personal data to the United States was the E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield framework administered by the U.S. Department of Commerce. On July 16, 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union, or CJEU, in a decision known as ’Schrems II’, invalidated the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield, under which personal data could be transferred from the EEA and the United Kingdom to U.S. entities that had self-certified under the Privacy Shield. To align with the CJEU’s decision in respect of the E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield, on September 8, 2020, the UK government similarly invalidated the use of the EU-U.S. Privacy Shield as a mechanism for lawful personal data transfers from the United Kingdom to the United States under the UK GDPR and the Swiss Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner announced that the Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield regime was also inadequate for the purposes of personal data transfers from Switzerland to the U.S. entities who had self-certified under the Swiss Privacy Shield. The CJEU Schrems II decision mentioned above also cast doubt on the ability to use one of the primary alternatives to the E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield and Swiss-U.S. Privacy Shield, namely, the European Commission’s Standard Contractual Clauses, lawfully to transfer personal data to the United States and most other third countries.

On June 4, 2021, the European Commission published new versions of the Standard Contractual Clauses. These must be used for all new transfers of personal data from the EEA to third countries starting September 27, 2021, and all existing transfers of personal data from the EEA to third countries relying on the existing versions of the Standard Contractual Clauses must be replaced by December 27, 2022. The implementation of the new Standard Contractual Clauses will necessitate significant contractual overhaul of our data transfer arrangements with partners, sub-processors and vendors. Use of both the existing and the new Standard Contractual Clauses must, following the Schrems II decision, now be assessed on a case-by-case basis taking into account the legal regime applicable in the destination country, in particular applicable surveillance laws and rights of individuals, and additional supplementary technical, organizational and/or contractual measures and/or contractual provisions may need to be put in place; however, the nature of these additional measures is currently uncertain. At present, there are few if any viable alternatives to the Privacy Shield and the Standard Contractual Clauses and there remains some uncertainty with respect to the nature and efficacy of such supplementary measures in ensuring an adequate level of protection of personal data.

As such, our transfers of personal data to third countries may not comply with European data protection laws and may increase our exposure to the GDPR’s heightened sanctions for breaching of its cross-border data protection rule, including fines of up to 4% of annual global revenue or €20,000,000 ($21,188,000), or 4% of annual global revenue of the preceding year, whichever is higher, and injunctions against transfers. As supervisory authorities issue further guidance on personal data export mechanisms, including circumstances where the Standard Contractual Clauses can and cannot be used, and/or start taking enforcement action, we could suffer additional costs, complaints and/or regulatory investigations or fines, and/or if we are otherwise unable to transfer personal data between and among countries and regions in which we operate and/or engage providers and/or otherwise transfer personal data, it could affect the manner in which we receive and/or provide services, the geographical location or segregation of our relevant systems and operations, and could adversely affect our financial results and generally increase compliance risk. Additionally, other countries outside of Europe have enacted or are considering enacting similar cross-border data transfer restrictions and laws requiring local data residency, which could increase the cost and complexity of operating our business.

In recent years, U.S. and European lawmakers and regulators have expressed concern over electronic marketing and the use of third-party cookies, web beacons and similar technology for online behavioral advertising. On June 20, 2019, the U.K.’s Information Commissioner (the “ICO”) published a report setting out its views on advertising technology, specifically the use of personal data in “real time bidding”, and the key privacy compliance challenges arising from it. In its report, which is a status update rather than formal guidance, several key deficiencies were noted and marked for formal regulatory action. However, in May 2020, the ICO paused its investigation into real time bidding and the advertising technology industry, as it sought to prioritize activities responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. The ICO’s investigation resumed in January 2021. We are likely to be required to expend further capital and other resources to ensure compliance with the findings of the ICO’s report on advertising technology, and any relevant changing laws and regulations. While we have numerous mitigation controls in place, advertisements produced by us may be erroneously served on websites that are not suitable for the advertising content of a casino (e.g., websites predominantly aimed at children). There is also a risk that such advertisements are viewed by people who do not want to view them, or who have taken measures not to receive them (for example, individuals on “self-exclusion” lists). In each case this may have adverse legal and reputational effects on our business.

In the EU, rules relating to electronic direct marketing are currently set out in the ePrivacy Directive, which is likely to be replaced by a new ePrivacy Regulation. While no official time frame has been given for the ePrivacy Regulation, there will be a transition period after the ePrivacy Regulation is agreed for compliance, and commentators consider it unlikely to come into force before 2023. The ePrivacy Regulation will be directly implemented into the laws of each of the EU Member States, without the need for further enactment. When implemented, the ePrivacy Regulation is expected to alter rules on third-party cookies, web beacons and similar technology for online behavioral advertising and to impose stricter requirements on companies using these tools. Regulation of cookies and web beacons may lead to broader restrictions on our online activities, including efforts to understand followers’ Internet usage and promote ourselves to them. The current draft of the ePrivacy Regulation significantly increases fining powers to the same levels as the GDPR. Given the delay in finalizing the ePrivacy Regulation, certain regulators have issued guidance (including ICO and French data protection regulators) on the requirement to seek strict opt-in, unbundled consent to use all nonessential cookies and similar technologies and the requirement to increase the standard of transparency relating to use of cookies and similar technologies. Our cookie consent management functionality and cookies notices may not meet the standards outlined in such guidance.

In the United States, the federal government, including Congress, the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Commerce, has announced that it is reviewing the need for greater regulation for the collection of information concerning consumer behavior on the internet, including regulation aimed at restricting certain targeted advertising practices. Furthermore, the Federal Trade Commission and many state attorneys general continue to enforce federal and state consumer protection laws against companies for online collection, use, dissemination, and security practices that appear to be unfair or deceptive. Numerous states have enacted or are in the process of enacting state level data privacy laws and regulations governing the collection, use, and processing of state residents’ personal data.

For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”) took effect on January 1, 2020. The CCPA establishes a new privacy framework for covered businesses such as ours and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and incur compliance related costs and expenses. The CCPA provides new and enhanced data privacy rights to California residents, such as affording consumers the right to access and delete their information and to opt out of certain sharing and sales of personal information. The law also prohibits covered businesses from discriminating against consumers (for example, charging more for services) for exercising any of their CCPA rights. The CCPA imposes severe statutory damages for certain violations of the law as well as a private right of action for certain data breaches that result in the loss of personal information. This private right of action is expected to increase the likelihood of, and risks associated with, data breach litigation. It remains unclear how various provisions of the CCPA will be interpreted and enforced.

In November 2020, California voters passed the California Privacy Rights and Enforcement Act of 2020 (“CPRA”). The CPRA further expands the CCPA with additional data privacy compliance requirements that may impact our business, and establishes a regulatory agency dedicated to enforcing those requirements. The Stop Hacks and Improve Electronic Data Security Act, otherwise known as the SHIELD Act, is a New York State bill, the data protection portions of which became effective on March 23, 2020. The SHIELD Act requires companies to adopt reasonable safeguards to protect the security, confidentiality, and integrity of private information. A company should implement a data security program containing specific measures, including risk assessments, employee training, vendor contracts, and timely data disposal. Laws like the SHIELD Act, the CPRA and the CCPA may lead other states to pass comparable legislation, with potentially greater penalties, and more rigorous compliance requirements relevant to our business. For example, Virginia has enacted the Consumer Data Protection Act and Colorado has enacted the Colorado Privacy Act, each of which may impose obligations similar to or more stringent than those we may face under other data protection laws. Compliance with any newly enacted privacy and data security laws or regulations may be challenging and cost and time-intensive, and we may be required to put in place additional mechanisms to comply with applicable legal requirements.

Although we have implemented certain policies and procedures, and continue to review and improve such policies and procedures, that are designed to ensure compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, if our privacy or data security measures fail, or are perceived to have failed, to comply with applicable current or future laws and regulations, we may be subject to fines, litigation, regulatory investigations and penalties (including potential suspension or loss of licensure), enforcement notices requiring us to change the way we use personal data or our marketing practices or other liabilities such as compensation claims by individuals affected by a personal data breach, as well as negative publicity and a potential loss of business. Fines are significant in some countries (e.g., the GDPR introduced fines of up to €20,000,000 or up to 4% of the total worldwide annual revenue of the preceding financial year, whichever is higher) as well as litigation, compensation claims by affected individuals (including class action type litigation where individuals suffer harm), regulatory investigations and enforcement notices that could require us to change the way we use personal data.

Our processing of cardholder data is subject, in addition to data protection and privacy laws, to strict industry standards and security procedures. Compliance with the requirements to process cardholder data can be onerous and may require the implementation of new procedures, policies and security measures or the amendment of existing ones which may require material expenditures and harm our financial condition and results of operations. Any actual or perceived failure to comply may result in the inability to process payments, monetary penalties and reputational damages which may require material expenditures and harm our financial condition and results of operations.

The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (“PCI DSS”) applies to the processing of cardholder data. PCI DSS consists of a set of policies and procedures intended to enhance the security of cardholder data during card transactions. PCI DSS was implemented by the five largest credit card brands—Visa, Mastercard, Discover, American Express, JCB. Compliance in this regard is important as we do process cardholder data. Where there is actual or perceived non-compliance with PCI DSS, this may result in our inability to process payments, monetary penalties and reputational damage. As part of PCI DSS compliance, we are required to undertake internal and external network vulnerability scans at least quarterly and after any significant change in the network and to carry out a formal risk assessment process at least annually and upon significant changes to the environment that identifies critical assets, threats, and vulnerabilities. Where such scans reveal any lack of compliance, the Company will take appropriate steps to ensure compliance in accordance with the relevant and applicable policies and procedures.

We will rely on licenses and service agreements to use the intellectual property rights of third parties which are incorporated into or used in our products and services. Failure to renew or expand existing licenses or service agreements may require us to modify, limit or discontinue certain product offerings, which could materially affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We rely on products, technologies and intellectual property that we license or that are made available to us through service agreements from third parties, for use in our B2B, B2B2C and B2C offerings. Substantially all of our product offerings and services use intellectual property licensed or made available to us through service agreements from third parties. The future success of our business may depend, in part, on our ability to obtain, retain and/or expand licenses or service agreements for certain technologies. We cannot assure that these third-party licenses and services agreements, or support for the technologies licensed or provided to us thereunder, will continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, if at all. In the event that we cannot renew and/or expand existing licenses or services agreements, we may be required to discontinue or limit our use of the product offerings that include or incorporate the licensed or provided technology.

Some of our license agreements contain minimum guaranteed royalty payments to the third party. Individually and in the aggregate, these minimum guaranteed royalty payments are immaterial to our operations. Our license agreements generally allow for transferability in the event of a strategic transaction but contain some limited termination rights related to the transfer. Certain of our license agreements grant the licensor rights to audit our use of their intellectual property. Disputes with licensors over uses or terms could result in the payment of additional royalties or penalties by us, cancellation or non-renewal of the underlying license or litigation.

The regulatory review process and licensing requirements also may preclude us from using technologies owned or developed by third parties if those parties are unwilling to subject themselves to regulatory review or do not meet regulatory requirements. Some gaming authorities require gaming manufacturers to obtain approval before engaging in certain transactions, such as acquisitions, mergers, reorganizations, financings, stock offerings and share repurchases. Obtaining such approvals can be costly and time consuming, and we cannot assure that such approvals will be granted or that the approval process will not result in delays or disruptions to our strategic objectives.

Risks Related to our Third-Party Vendor Relationships

We rely on third-party providers to validate the identity and location of our users, and if such providers fail to perform adequately or provide accurate information or we do not maintain business relationships with them, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be adversely affected.

There is no guarantee that the third-party geolocation and identity verification systems that we rely on perform adequately or will be effective. We rely on our geolocation and identity verification systems to ensure we are in compliance with certain laws and regulations, and any service disruption to those systems would prohibit us from operating our Platform and would adversely affect our business. Additionally, incorrect or misleading geolocation and identity verification data with respect to current or potential users received from third-party service providers may result in us inadvertently allowing access to our product offerings to individuals who should not be permitted to access them, or otherwise inadvertently deny access to individuals who should be able to access our product offerings, in each case based on inaccurate identity or geographic location determination. Our third-party geolocation services provider relies on its ability to obtain information necessary to determine geolocation from mobile devices, operating systems and other sources. Changes, disruptions or temporary or permanent failure to access such sources by our third-party services providers may result in their inability to accurately determine the location of our users. Moreover, our inability to maintain our existing contracts with third-party services providers, or to replace them with equivalent third parties, may result in our inability to access geolocation and identity verification data necessary for our day-to-day operations. If any of these risks materializes, we may be subject to disciplinary action, fines, lawsuits, and our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be adversely affected.

We rely on other third-party service and content providers (including online slot and other game providers) and if such third parties do not perform adequately or terminate their relationships with us, our costs may increase and our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be adversely affected.

Our success depends in part on our relationships with third-party service providers. We also rely on third parties for content delivery (such as online slots), load balancing and protection against distributed denial-of-service attacks. If those providers do not perform adequately, our users may experience issues or interruptions with their experiences, and we may be held responsible by gaming regulators for the errors of third-party content providers. Furthermore, if any of our third-party service or data providers terminates its relationship with us or refuses to renew its agreement with us on commercially reasonable terms, we would need to find an alternate provider, and as consolidation in the industries in which we operate continues to occur, if any of our third-party service providers is acquired by a competitor, we may need to find an alternate provider, and in each case we may not be able to secure similar terms or replace such providers in an acceptable time frame. We also rely on other software and services supplied by third parties, such as communications and internal software, and our business may be adversely affected to the extent such software and services do not meet our expectations, contain errors or vulnerabilities, are compromised or experience outages. Any of these risks could increase our costs and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Further, any negative publicity related to any of our third-party service providers, including any publicity related to regulatory concerns or allegations of bad or unethical actions undertaken by any of our third-party service providers, could adversely affect our reputation and brand, result in us severing our relationship with such third-party service provider and could potentially lead to increased regulatory or litigation exposure.

We incorporate technology from third-party vendors into our platform. We cannot be certain that these vendors are not infringing the intellectual property rights of others or that they have sufficient rights to such technology in all jurisdictions in which we may operate. Some of our material license and services agreements with third party vendors allow the vendor to terminate for convenience. If we are unable to obtain or maintain rights to any of this technology because of intellectual property infringement claims brought by third parties against our vendors or against us, if our third party vendors terminate any license or services agreements, or if we are unable to continue to obtain the technology or enter into new agreements on commercially reasonable terms, our ability to develop our Platform or product offerings containing that technology could be severely limited and our business could be harmed. Additionally, if we are unable to obtain necessary technology from third parties, we may be forced to acquire or develop alternate technology, which may require significant time, effort and skillsets that we currently do not have, and may be of lower quality or performance standards. This would limit and delay our ability to provide new or competitive product offerings and increase our costs. If alternate technology cannot be obtained or developed, we may not be able to offer certain functionality as part of our product offerings, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

If Internet and other technology-based service providers experience service interruptions, our ability to conduct our business may be impaired and our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be adversely affected.

A substantial portion of our network infrastructure is provided by third parties, including Internet service providers and other technology-based service providers. We use technology-based service providers such as CloudFlare to mitigate any distributed denial-of-service attacks. However, if Internet service providers experience service interruptions, including because of cyber- attacks, or due to an event causing an unusually high volume of Internet use (such as a pandemic or public health emergency like COVID-19), communications over the Internet may be interrupted and impair our ability to conduct our business. Internet service providers and other technology-based service providers may in the future roll out upgraded or new mobile or other telecommunications services, such as 5G or 6G services, which may not be successful and thus may impact the ability of our users to access our Platform or product offerings in a timely fashion or at all. In addition, our ability to process e-commerce transactions depends on bank processing and credit card systems. To prepare for system problems, we continuously seek to strengthen and enhance our current facilities and the capabilities of our system infrastructure and support. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that the Internet infrastructure or our own network systems will continue to be able to meet the demand placed on us by the continued growth of the Internet, the overall online gaming industry and our users. Any difficulties these providers face, including the potential of certain network traffic receiving priority over other traffic (i.e., lack of net neutrality), may adversely affect our business, and we exercise little control over these providers, which increases our vulnerability to problems with the services they provide. Any system failure as a result of reliance on third parties, such as network, software or hardware failure, including as a result of cyber-attacks, which causes a loss of our users’ property or personal information or a delay or interruption in our online services and products and e-commerce services, including our ability to handle existing or increased traffic, could result in a loss of anticipated revenue, interruptions to our Platform and product offerings, cause us to incur significant legal, remediation and notification costs, degrade the customer experience and cause users to lose confidence in our product offerings, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We have relied on the customer lead generation services provided to us by Spike Up Media, an affiliate. The loss of those services or changes in terms by which those services are provided to us could result in slower growth, reduced gross profit margins or operating losses any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations.

Approximately 78% of our leads were generated by Spike Up Media during 2022. As of September 30, 2023, approximately 32% of our leads were generated by Spike Up Media. We plan to continue mitigating this dependency through internal staffing and by working with other lead generators. Our initial payment arrangements with Spike Up Media for lead generation were at favorable rates to us resulting in more rapid payback of customer acquisition costs than we might otherwise expect from leads generated by other unaffiliated providers. Since March 2023, our arrangement for lead generation with Spike Up has changed to market rates which results in our having lower gross operating margins. Our current agreement with Spike Up Media allows for termination by either party at any time without penalty. If we were currently to lose the relationship with SpikeUp our iCasino operations could suffer and we could experience a material negative impact on revenue and gross profit.

Our growth will depend, in part, on the success of our strategic relationships with third parties. Overreliance on certain third parties, or our inability to extend existing relationships or agree to new relationships may cause unanticipated costs for us and impact our financial performance in the future.

We rely, and we expect to continue to rely, on relationships with third parties in order to attract users to our platform which is common practice in our industry. These relationships along with providers of online services, search engines, social media, directories and other websites and ecommerce businesses direct consumers to our online platform. While we believe there are other third parties that could drive users to our platform, adding or transitioning to them may disrupt our business and increase our costs. In the event that any of our existing relationships or our future relationships fails to provide services to us in accordance with the terms of our arrangement, or at all, and we are not able to find suitable alternatives, this could impact our ability to attract consumers cost effectively and harm our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Risks Related to Our Affiliate Arrangements

We have arrangements with our affiliates that impact our operations.

We have engaged, and may in the future engage, in transactions with affiliates, such as Happy Hour, Spike Up Media, Ellmount Interactive and other related parties, to operate online gaming. While an effort has been made and will continue to be made to obtain services from affiliated persons and other related parties at rates and on terms that are at least as favorable as would be charged by others, if that were not to be achieved in the future that could have a negative impact on our operations. If we engage in related party transactions on unfavorable terms, our operating results will be negatively impacted.

Risks Related to our Liquidity and Capital Resources

We may require additional capital to support our growth plans, and that capital may not be available on terms acceptable to us, if at all. This could hamper our growth and adversely affect our business.

We intend to make significant investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, including the need to develop new product offerings and features or enhance our existing platform, improve our operating infrastructure or acquire complementary businesses, personnel and technologies. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. Our ability to obtain additional capital, if and when required, will depend on our business plans, investor demand, our operating performance, capital markets conditions and other factors. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity, equity-linked or debt securities, such as preferred stock as authorized by our Charter, those securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to the rights of our currently issued and outstanding equity or debt, and our existing stockholders may experience dilution. If we are unable to obtain additional capital when required, or on satisfactory terms, our ability to continue to support our business growth or to respond to business opportunities, challenges or unforeseen circumstances could be adversely affected, and our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be harmed.

We may invest in or acquire other businesses, and our business may suffer if we are unable successfully to integrate acquired businesses into our company or otherwise manage the growth associated with multiple acquisitions.

As part of our business strategy, we may make acquisitions as opportunities arise to add new or complementary businesses, products, brands or technologies. In some cases, the costs of such acquisitions may be substantial, including as a result of professional fees and due diligence efforts. There is no assurance that the time and resources expended on pursuing a particular acquisition will result in a completed transaction, or that any completed transaction will ultimately be successful. In addition, we may be unable to identify suitable acquisition or strategic investment opportunities or may be unable to obtain any required financing or regulatory approvals, and therefore may be unable to complete such acquisitions or strategic investments on favorable terms, if at all. We may decide to pursue acquisitions with which our investors may not agree and we cannot assure investors that any acquisition or investment will be successful or otherwise provide a favorable return on investment. In addition, acquisitions and the integration thereof require significant time and resources and place significant demands on our management, as well as on our operational and financial infrastructure. In addition, if we fail to successfully close transactions or integrate new teams, or integrate the products and technologies associated with these acquisitions into our company, our business could be seriously harmed. Acquisitions may expose us to operational challenges and risks, including:

Our acquisition strategy may not succeed if we are unable to remain attractive to target companies or expeditiously close transactions. Issuing shares of our stock to fund an acquisition would cause economic dilution to existing stockholders. If we develop a reputation for being a difficult acquirer or having an unfavorable work environment, or target companies view our shares of capital stock unfavorably, we may be unable to consummate key acquisition transactions essential to our corporate strategy and our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may be seriously harmed.

If we raise capital in the future by issuing shares of common or preferred stock or other equity or equity-linked securities, convertible debt or other hybrid equity securities, then-existing stockholders may experience dilution, such new securities may have rights senior to those of the Company’s common stock, and the market price of the Company’s common stock may be adversely affected.

If the Company raises capital in the future, then existing stockholders may experience dilution. Our certificate of incorporation, as amended, provides that preferred stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Board is authorized to fix the voting rights, if any, designations, powers, preferences, the relative, participating, optional or other special rights and any qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, applicable to the shares of each series. The Board may, without stockholder approval, issue preferred stock with voting and other rights that could adversely affect the voting power and other rights of the holders of the shares of common stock and could have anti-takeover effects. The ability of the Board to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change of control of us or the removal of existing management. The issuance of any such securities may have the impact of adversely affecting the market price of the Company’s common stock.

High Roller Technologies, Inc. is a holding company that has no material assets other than the ownership of its operating subsidiaries. We depend on distributions from these subsidiaries. If these distributions are inadequate, we may be unable to pay our taxes and other expenses.

The Company is a holding company that has no material assets other than its ownership interests in HR Entertainment Ltd. and Ellmount Entertainment Ltd. The Company is not expected to have independent means of generating revenue or cash flow, and its ability to pay its taxes, operating expenses, and pay any dividends in the future, if any, will be dependent upon the financial results and cash flows of its High Roller domain operations. There can be no assurance that these operations will generate sufficient cash flow to distribute funds to the Company or that applicable state law and contractual restrictions, including negative covenants under debt instruments will permit such distributions. If these operations do not distribute sufficient funds to the Company to pay its taxes or other liabilities, the Company may default on contractual obligations or have to borrow funds. In the event that the Company is required to borrow funds, our liquidity may be adversely affected which could subject us to additional restrictions imposed by lenders.

Increases in the Company’s income tax rates, changes in income tax laws or disagreements with U.S. and foreign tax authorities can adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

Increases in the Company’s income tax rates or other changes in income tax laws in the United States or any particular jurisdiction in which the Company operates could reduce its after-tax income from such jurisdiction and adversely affect its business, financial condition or results of operations. Existing tax laws in the United States have been and could in the future be subject to significant change. For example, in December 2017, the TCJA was signed into law in the United States which provided for significant changes to then-existing tax laws and additional guidance issued by the IRS pursuant to the TCJA may continue to impact the Company in future periods. Additional changes in the United States tax regime, including changes in how existing tax laws are interpreted or enforced, can adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

The Company will also be subject to regular reviews, examinations and audits by the IRS and other taxing authorities with respect to income and non-income-based taxes. Economic and political pressures to increase tax revenues in jurisdictions in which the Company operates, or the adoption of new or reformed tax legislation or regulation, may make resolving tax disputes more difficult and the final resolution of tax audits and any related litigation can differ from the Company’s historical provisions and accruals, resulting in an adverse impact on the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations.

If the revenue generated by our iCasino operations does not meet the expectations of investors or securities analysts, the market price of our securities may decline.

Fluctuations in the price of our securities could contribute to the loss of all or part of your investment. Prior to this offering, there was no public market for the securities of High Roller. Accordingly, the valuation ascribed to the Company may not be indicative of the price that will ultimately prevail in the trading market and, even if an active market for the Company’s securities develops and continues, the trading price of its securities could be volatile and subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond the Company’s control. Any of the factors listed below could have a material adverse effect on your investment in the Company’s securities and the Company’s securities may trade at prices significantly below the price you paid for them. In such circumstances, the trading price of the Company’s securities may not recover and may experience a further decline.

Factors affecting the trading price of our securities may include:

Broad market and industry factors may materially harm the market price of the Company’s securities irrespective of our operating performance. The stock market in general, and                , have experienced price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the particular companies affected. The trading prices and valuations of these stocks, and of the Company’s securities, may not be predictable. A loss of investor confidence in the market for the stocks of other companies that investors perceive to be similar to the Company could depress the Company’s stock price regardless of its business, prospects, financial conditions, or results of operations. A decline in the market price of the Company’s securities also could adversely affect our ability to issue additional securities and its ability to obtain additional financing in the future.

A significant portion of our total outstanding securities are restricted from immediate resale but may be sold into the market in the near future. This could cause the market price of our common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of the common stock in the public market could occur at any time. These sales, or the perception in the market that the holders of a large number of shares intend to sell shares, could reduce the market price of the common stock. While members of our management and certain shareholders have agreed to be subject to certain restrictions regarding the transfer of the common stock, these shares may be sold after the expiration of the applicable lock-up restrictions. We may file one or more registration statements to provide for the resale of such shares from time to time. As restrictions on resale end and the registration statements are available for use, the market price of the common stock could decline if the holders of currently restricted shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them.

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation may inhibit a takeover of the Company, which could limit the price investors might be willing to pay in the future for our securities and could entrench management.

Our certificate of incorporation contains provisions that may discourage unsolicited takeover proposals that stockholders may consider to be in their best interests. These provisions include the ability of the Board to designate the terms of, and issue new series of, preferred stock, which may make more difficult the removal of management and may discourage transactions that otherwise could involve payment of a premium over prevailing market prices for our securities.

General Risk Factors

Economic downturns and political and market conditions beyond our control, including a reduction in consumer discretionary spending, could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our financial performance is subject to global and United States economic conditions and their impact on levels of spending by users. Economic recessions have had, and may continue to have, far reaching adverse consequences across many industries, including the global entertainment and gaming industries, which may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We are currently experiencing cost of living increases, inflationary pressures and reduced economic growth in certain countries. If recovery is slow or stalls, or if we experience a further downturn as a result of market conditions, we may experience a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. We cannot predict future global economical developments and effect that they may have on our end markets and our operations; however, the effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be material and adverse.

Consumer discretionary spending or consumer preferences are driven by socioeconomic factors beyond our control, and our business is sensitive to reductions from time to time in discretionary consumer spending. Demand for entertainment and leisure activities, including gaming, can be affected by changes in the economy and consumer tastes, both of which are difficult to predict and beyond our control. Unfavorable changes in general economic conditions, including recessions, economic slowdowns, sustained high levels of unemployment, and rising prices or the perception by consumers of weak or weakening economic conditions, may reduce our users’ disposable income or result in fewer individuals engaging in entertainment and leisure activities, such as online casino wagering. As a result, we cannot ensure that demand for our offerings will remain constant. Adverse developments affecting economies throughout the world, including a general tightening of availability of credit, decreased liquidity in certain financial markets, increased interest rates, foreign exchange fluctuations, increased energy costs, acts of war or terrorism, transportation disruptions, natural disasters, declining consumer confidence, sustained high levels of unemployment or significant declines in stock markets, as well as concerns regarding pandemics, epidemics and the spread of contagious diseases such as COVID-19, could lead to a further reduction in discretionary spending on leisure activities, such as online casino wagering.

Continued inflation may harm our business and financial condition.

If our costs become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to offset these higher costs through price increases or other pricing adjustments to our business operations. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition, and operating results.

We may be subject to litigation in the operation of our business. An adverse outcome in one or more proceedings could adversely affect our business.

As a growing company with expanding operations, we may in the future increasingly face the risk of claims, lawsuits and other proceedings involving competition and antitrust, intellectual property, privacy, consumer protection, accessibility claims, securities, tax, labor and employment, regulatory and compliance, commercial disputes, services and other matters. Litigation to defend us against claims by third parties, or to enforce any rights that we may have against third parties, may be necessary, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources, causing a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Any litigation to which we are a party may result in an onerous or unfavorable judgment that may not be reversed upon appeal, or in payments of substantial monetary damages or fines, the posting of bonds requiring significant collateral, letters of credit or similar instruments, or we may decide to settle lawsuits on similarly unfavorable terms. These proceedings could also result in reputational harm, criminal sanctions, consent decrees or orders preventing us from offering certain products or requiring a change in its business practices in costly ways or requiring development of non-infringing or otherwise altered products or technologies. Litigation and other claims and regulatory proceedings against us could result in unexpected disciplinary actions, expenses and liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

We could be subject to future governmental investigations and inquiries, legal proceedings and enforcement actions. Any such investigation, inquiry, proceeding or action, could adversely affect our business.

We have received formal and informal inquiries from time to time, from government authorities and regulators, and gaming regulators, regarding compliance with laws and other matters, and we may receive such inquiries in the future, particularly as we grow and expand our operations. Violation of existing or future regulations, regulatory orders or consent decrees could subject us to substantial monetary fines and other penalties that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. In addition, it is possible that future orders issued by, or inquiries or enforcement actions initiated by, government or regulatory authorities could cause us to incur substantial costs, expose us to unanticipated liability or penalties, or require us to change our business practices in a manner materially adverse to our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our insurance may not provide adequate levels of coverage against claims.

We intend to maintain insurance that we believe is customary for businesses of our size and type. However, there are types of losses we may incur that cannot be insured against or that we believe are not economically reasonable to insure. Moreover, any loss incurred could exceed policy limits or not exceed our applicable deductible, and policy payments made to us may not be made on a timely basis. Such losses could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

Our growth prospects and market potential will depend on our ability to obtain licenses to operate in a number of jurisdictions and if we fail to obtain such licenses our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be impaired.

Our ability to grow our business will depend on our ability to obtain and maintain licenses to offer our product offerings in a large number of jurisdictions or in heavily populated jurisdictions. If we fail to obtain and maintain licenses in large jurisdictions or in a greater number of mid-market jurisdictions, this may prevent us from expanding the footprint of our product offerings, increasing our user base and/or generating revenues. We cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain and maintain licenses and related approvals necessary to conduct our online casino wagering operations. Any failure to obtain and maintain licenses, registrations, permits or approvals could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

We make forward-looking statements in this prospectus that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, plans and objectives. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “believe,” “may,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” “predict,” “potential,” “could,” “will,” “would,” “ongoing,” “future” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, such matters as:

The preceding list is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all of our forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of future performance, taking into account the information currently available to us. These statements are only predictions based upon our current expectations and forecasts about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects, business strategy and financial needs. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, you should consider the risks provided under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus. These risks are not exhaustive. Other sections of this prospectus include additional factors that could adversely impact our business and financial performance. Furthermore, new risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this prospectus, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or will occur. Each forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of the particular statement. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this prospectus, to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.

USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $13 million (or $15 million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares), each after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

We currently intend to use net proceeds from this offering approximately as follows:

Regulated market entry costs can consist of, but may not be limited to market access fees, additional personnel recruitment, office lease, legal and guaranteed minimum annual fees for each license.

Marketing and advertising costs will be extended across all markets in which High Roller operates over the next 12 to 18 months. We are implementing a multi-brand strategy that allows us to scale our business by duplicating our Platform strengths across multiple domains with individualized branding and different target markets. We believe that this multi-brand strategy allows us to compete for increased market share in an industry where fresh and compelling branding often attracts additional players. We soft launched our second brand, Fruta.com, in December 2023 for live acceptance testing and expect to fully launch Fruta.com in Q1, 2024 alongside our planned marketing strategy to directly acquire new players to Fruta.com. We are exploring opportunities for future brand launches to align with our multi brand strategy. We expect to launch at least one new iCasino brand over approximately the next twelve months to expand market share in existing markets and reduce customer acquisition cost and attrition rates. Please see “Business – Strength of HighRoller.com and Our Multi-Brand Strategy”.

Based on our current plans, we believe our existing cash, revenue together with the net proceeds from this offering, will be sufficient to fund our operations and capital expenditure requirements for the next 18-24 months. This expected use of the net proceeds from this offering represents our intentions based upon our current plans and business conditions, which could change in the future as our plans and business conditions evolve. As of the date of this prospectus, we cannot predict with certainty all of the particular uses for the net proceeds to be received upon the closing of this offering or the amounts that we will actually spend on the uses set forth above. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures may vary significantly depending on numerous factors, including the progress of our development, our entry into U.S. and other geographical markets, as well as any collaborations that we may enter into with third parties for our current or future product candidates or strategic opportunities that become available to us, and any unforeseen cash needs. As a result, our management will retain broad discretion over the allocation of the net proceeds from this offering.

Pending our use of proceeds from this offering, we intend to invest the net proceeds in a variety of capital preservation instruments, including short-term, investment-grade, interest-bearing instruments and U.S. government securities.

DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of our business. We do not expect to pay any cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Payment of future dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, restrictions contained in any financing instruments, provisions of applicable law and other factors the board deems relevant.

CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents, and restricted cash (current and non-current), and total capitalization as of September 30, 2023:

The as adjusted information below is illustrative only, and our capitalization following the closing of this offering will be adjusted based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. You should read this capitalization table together with “Use of Proceeds,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

The number of shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 27,555,001 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2023, and does not give effect to:

DILUTION

Purchasers of our common stock in this offering will experience an immediate dilution of net tangible book value per share from the initial public offering price. Dilution in net tangible book value per share represents the difference between the amount per share paid by the purchasers of shares of common stock and the net tangible book value per share immediately after this offering.

As of September 30, 2023, our net tangible book value was $3,797,994, or $0.14 per share of common stock. Net tangible book value per share represents our total tangible assets, less our total liabilities, divided by the number of outstanding shares of our common stock.

Dilution represents the difference between the amount per share paid by purchasers in this offering and the pro forma net tangible book value per share of common stock after the offering. After giving effect to the sale of shares of common stock in this offering at the assumed offering price of $     per share, and after deducting underwriting commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, but without adjusting for any other change in our net tangible book value subsequent to September 30, 2023, our pro forma net tangible book value would have been $     per share. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value of $     per share to our existing stockholders and immediate dilution of $     per share to new investors purchasing shares at the proposed public offering price.

The following table illustrates the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to new investors as of September 30, 2023:

Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $     per share (which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), would increase or decrease, as applicable, our pro forma net tangible book value per share to new investors by $     , and would increase or decrease, as applicable, dilution per share to new investors in this offering by $     , assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions. Similarly, each increase of 1,000,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us would increase our pro forma net tangible book value by approximately $     per share and decrease the dilution to new investors by approximately $     per share, and each decrease of 1,000,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us would increase our pro forma net tangible book value by approximately $     per share and decrease the dilution to new investors by approximately $     per share, in each case assuming the assumed initial public offering price of $     per share remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. In addition, to the extent any outstanding options or warrants are exercised, new investors would experience further dilution.

The following tables set forth, as of September 30, 2023, the number of shares of common stock purchased from us, the total consideration paid to us and the average price per share paid by the existing holders of our common stock and the price to be paid by new investors at the public offering price.

Each $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $     per share, the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) the total consideration paid by new investors and total consideration paid by all stockholders by approximately $     million, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Similarly, each increase (decrease) of 1,000,000 shares in the number of shares offered by us would increase (decrease) the total consideration paid by new investors and total consideration paid by all stockholders by $     million, assuming the assumed initial public offering price of $     per share remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

The number of shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 27,555,001 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2023, and does not give effect to:

The dilution information discussed above is illustrative only and will change based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto and other financial information included elsewhere in this prospectus. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this prospectus, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should review the “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” sections of this prospectus for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

Unless the context requires otherwise, all references in this MD&A to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to the company, High Roller Technologies, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Our Business

We are an evolving and growth-oriented iCasino and entertainment company that focuses primarily on online casino betting in Europe and other markets. Our mission is to offer consistently superior customer experience by (i) providing fast onboarding, easy log-in and re-log-in, (ii) assuring efficient and secure payment processing, (iii) providing prompt payouts on player winnings, (iv) offering generous bonuses, bonus play and free spins on popular games, (v) utilizing an interactive environment for player engagement leading to longer stays online and more play, (vi) maintaining 24/7/365 customer service to assure customer satisfaction and (vii) providing an array of responsible gaming tools and AI models to ensure a safe gaming experience.

High Roller Technologies, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in 2021 as a holding company, with the intent to seek an initial public offering on a United States securities exchange. In January 2022 we launched HighRoller.com to deliver more immersive real money gaming experiences for the iCasino market. Prior to our transition to the HighRoller.com Platform we operated our online iCasino activities under the casinoroom.com domain name. We operate an online gaming business offering casino games to customers worldwide under the HighRoller.com domain name principally utilizing our Curacao license and a domain license agreement with an Estonian licensee. 

Through our Platform we provide iCasino, or online casino, consisting of the full suite of games available in land-based casinos, such as blackjack, roulette, baccarat, poker, and slot machines. We generate revenue through hold, or gross winnings, as users play against the house. We believe iCasino provides lower volatility versus land-based casinos due to easier advance-based predictions on gaming rules and statistics.

We currently are present and active in several markets around the world. Our focus will primarily be to enter regulated markets in Europe, North and South America. We intend to seek entry into one or more regulated North American markets utilizing proceeds from this offering but have not identified any target or budgeted any amount for such entries. We currently expect that initial entry into any of these regulated North American markets to occur in approximately twelve months from the receipt of proceeds from this initial public offering. No assurance can be given that these efforts will prove successful. Our business may suffer if we are unable to open new geographical markets or if we are unable to continue expanding within existing markets.

We obtain our iCasino game offerings from over 50 suppliers such as Pragmatic Play, Push Gaming, Evolution Gaming for Live Dealer Services, Big Time Gaming, Red Tiger Gaming, Play’n Go, Netent, Quickspin and others. These content and gaming licenses are subject to standard revenue-share agreements, whereby suppliers receive a percentage of the net gaming revenue generated from their respective casino games and payment combinations, including agreed upon fixed costs.

Our plan is to excite the iCasino industry by focusing on streaming and social experiences based on real money gaming experiences for the customer.

Our Business Model

During the first half of 2022, we rebranded our iCasino operations from CasinoRoom.com to HighRoller.com and concurrently commenced to reposition our legacy gaming operator “CasinoRoom.com” into an online casino ratings and reviews portal that would generate high-value leads and targeted search engine traffic (SEO) for HighRoller.com and customer leads for other casinos particularly in markets that we do not serve. We believe that our new CasinoRoom.com affiliate model site may further enable us to support future brands which we may launch or acquire with targeted traffic.

Spike Up Media, an affiliate of our founders, is one of a handful of globally foremost providers of lead generation and we believe that our association with Spike Up Media provides high-quality, cost-effective lead generation converting into active customers which together with our favorable customer acquisition costs and customer retention will result in high gross operating margins.

The Restructuring

Prior to the Restructuring (as defined below), Interactive owned 100% of Entertainment and 100% of Spike Up. As part of a two-step transaction completed on December 30, 2021, High Roller was formed and became the direct parent of Entertainment. The first step of the Restructuring formed High Roller as a direct subsidiary of Interactive, with Interactive selling its interests in Entertainment to High Roller for nominal consideration of €1.00. The second step of the Restructuring resulted in Interactive executing a spin-off of High Roller by transferring all of its interest in High Roller to the Holding Entities on a pro rata basis in accordance with their respective ownership interests in Interactive by way of an equity distribution. After this two-step transaction, Interactive was no longer the parent company of Entertainment (the two-step transaction described herein being referred to as the “Restructuring”).

On December 31, 2021, HR Entertainment purchased the HighRoller.com domain name from Spike Up for €3,000,000 ($3,178,200) which is paid in arrears each quarter in an amount representing 2% of the net revenue of HR Entertainment (See Note 6). There is no prepayment penalty if HR Entertainment prepays the balance due. The quarterly payments commenced April 1, 2022.

Pursuant to a Securities Acquisition Agreement (the “Acquisition Agreement”) dated February 25, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), the Company acquired 3,500 shares of capital stock, constituting 35% of the outstanding shares, of HR Entertainment from Happy Hour in exchange for (i) 2,000,000 shares of common stock and (ii) a further earn-out consideration of 2,000,000 shares of common stock, provided that and subject to the Company’s online gaming brands and casino operations achieving the equivalent of $1,530,000 of net gaming revenue with operating profitability for at least three consecutive months prior to the one-year anniversary of the Closing Date.

On March 3, 2022, Interactive transferred its 65% ownership interest in HR Entertainment, consisting of 6,500 ordinary shares, to the Company for $6,500. Accordingly, effective on that date the Company owned 100% of HR Entertainment. See Note 9 for additional transaction information.

Subsidiaries of Entertainment

Entertainment had two wholly-owned subsidiaries both before and after the Restructuring, Wowly NV (“Wowly”, formerly known as “Ellmount NV”) and Ellmount Support SA (“Support”).

Wowly, which is organized in Curacao, manages certain internet related advertising services on behalf of Entertainment.

Support, which is based in Costa Rica, and Entertainment are parties to a certain Customer Support Services agreement effective January 1, 2019, pursuant to which Support provides customer support services to Entertainment. The services provided by Support include, but are not limited to, customer support, activation and retention, risk management, payments, and fraud management, Facebook maintenance and telemarketing, and monthly reporting on support transactions.

Subsidiaries of High Roller

As described above, on February 25, 2022, we entered into an Acquisition Agreement with Happy Hour, in which Happy Hour agreed to transfer 3,500 shares of capital stock of HR Entertainment to us. The 3,500 shares represented 35% of outstanding shares of HR Entertainment, which holds a worldwide license to operate the HighRoller.com domain. In exchange for the transfer of shares, we delivered 2,000,000 shares of common stock to Happy Hour. Further consideration, in the form of an earn-out for an additional 2,000,000 shares of common stock, were issuable to Happy Hour if our online gaming brands and casino operations achieved the equivalent of approximately $1,600,000 (€1,500,000 translated as of December 31, 2022) of net gaming revenue, with operating profitability for at least three consecutive months prior to the one-year anniversary of the Closing Date. The Acquisition Agreement was subsequently amended to increase the number of shares of common stock issued related to the earn-out by an additional 1,000,000 shares of common stock. As a result of this transaction, HR Entertainment became a wholly-owned subsidiary of ours.

As of December 31, 2022, our online gaming brands and operations had achieved the equivalent of approximately $1,600,000 (€1,500,000 translated as of December 31, 2022) net gaming revenue, translated as of that date, with operating profitability for three months. Therefore, 3,000,000 additional shares of common stock were issued in satisfaction of the earn-out.

On May 30, 2023, High Roller Ventures Limited was incorporated in Malta. In November 2023, we made the decision to wind down Support, and provide all services that were previously provided as a subsidiary of Entertainment, under this newly formed subsidiary HighRoller Ventures. The services provided by Highroller Ventures principally include customer support, activation, and retention, risk management, payments, and fraud management, Facebook maintenance and telemarketing, and monthly reporting on support transactions.

Going Concern

We had a net working capital deficiency of $2,354,297, an accumulated deficit of $19,497,618, and unrestricted cash resources of $1,750,010 at September 30, 2023.

Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been presented on the basis that it will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. We have financed our working capital requirements historically through the continuing financial support of affiliates and related parties. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to obtain the necessary financing to meet its continuing obligations and repay its liabilities arising from normal business operations when they come due, to fund the development and expansion of its business activities, and to generate sustainable profitable operations and cash flows in the future. Management’s plan is to provide for our capital requirements by raising equity capital in the United States capital market. No assurances can be given that we will be able to secure sufficient additional financing as and when necessary, on acceptable terms, or at all, to sustain and improve operating results and cash flows under the business model resulting from the Restructuring.

As a result of these factors, management has concluded that there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risks

We operate primarily in Europe and other countries outside the United States. As such, we have been exposed in the past and may in the future be exposed to certain market risks, including interest rate, foreign currency exchange and financial instrument risks, in the ordinary course of our business.

Interest Rate Risk

As of September 30, 2023, we had cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash of $3,993,777, which consisted primarily of bank deposits and money market funds. Such interest-earning instruments carry a degree of interest rate risk; however, historical fluctuations of interest income have not been significant. The primary objectives of our investment activities are to preserve principal and provide liquidity without significantly increasing risk. A 10% increase or decrease in the interest rates of these interest-earning instruments would not have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Foreign Currency and Foreign Exchange Risk

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in United States Dollars ($), which is the Company’s reporting currency.

Foreign currency exchange risk is the risk that our results of operations and/or financial condition could be impacted by unfavorable changes in exchange rates. We have transactions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, principally the Euro but also other foreign currencies, that expose the Company’s operations to risk from the effects of exchange rate movements. Such movements may impact future revenues, expenses, and cash flows. Translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating the local currency financial statements into U.S. dollars are included in determining other comprehensive income. Changes in the value of our cash balance due to fluctuations in foreign exchange rate are presented on the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of cash flows as effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, 97% and 95%, respectively, of our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reside in bank accounts located outside of the United States. Our primary foreign currency exchange risk occurs between the time when other foreign currencies are exchanged for wagering on our Platform, and when those funds are settled to us in the Euro. The relatively stable status of the Euro reduces but does not eliminate the Company’s exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. In addition, gains (losses) related to translating certain cash balances from the Euro to the U.S. Dollar, as well as payable balances also impact net income. As our foreign operations expand, results may be impacted further by fluctuations in the exchange rates of the currencies in which the Company does business. The Company has not used any derivative financial instruments to manage its foreign currency exchange risk exposure.

In most of our operations, we transact primarily in the Euro, including wagered amounts, net revenue, revenue share, and employee-related compensation costs. Operating arrangements with payment service providers who convert player funds to the Euro from other currencies, for example the Canadian Dollar, could further negatively impact foreign currency exchange risk if the exchange spot rates used are unfavorable as compared to European Central Bank exchange rates. Foreign currency (gains) and losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are included in net (loss) income and are included within general and administrative expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we incurred foreign currency transaction losses of $1,515,741 and $288,234, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we incurred foreign currency transaction losses of $552,278 and $178,183, respectively.

The effects of foreign currency translation adjustments are included in stockholders’ equity (deficit) as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency fluctuations between the functional and reporting currency can significantly impact the currency translation adjustment component of accumulated other comprehensive income.

Credit Risk

Our credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and deposits with banks and other financial institutions. We maintain balances in banks in the United States and outside of the United States, primarily within the European Union. For funds held within the United States, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insures $250,000 per depositor, per FDIC-insured bank. For funds held within the European Union, the European Deposit Insurance Scheme insures €100,000 per depositor per bank. We have funds in Finland, Cyprus, Lithuania, and Malta that are protected under this scheme. We mitigate potential cash risk by diversifying our bank accounts with insured banking institutions within the United States and European Union. Furthermore, we maintain cash in payment service provider accounts and other such financial institutions that may or may not be protected under the previously mentioned insurance schemes. We mitigate this potential risk by drawing down funds to our insured bank accounts on a regular basis.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the periods indicated. We have derived this data from our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. This information should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The results of historical periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations for any future period.

Revenue

Revenue increased by $10,855,705, or 93%, to $22,484,426 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $11,628,721 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was due to overall company growth and marketing efforts.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the quarterly revenues were relatively stable. In 2024, the Company anticipates implementing its business plan to increase revenues and expand operations in new and existing markets subject to completion and receipt of proceeds from this offering.

Revenue increased by $5,046,483, or 38%, to $18,491,548 during the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to $13,445,065 the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to the acquisition of HighRoller.com in February 2022. From February 2022 to April 2022, the Company operated two online casinos. Furthermore, in the second half of 2022, we ramped up marketing spend on HighRoller.com driving increased traffic to the site.

The Company’s revenue by country for those with significant revenue for the periods indicated are as follows:

Direct operating costs

Direct operating costs (related party) increased by $1,317,061, or 68%, to $3,242,495 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $1,925,434 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 which is primarily related to user acquisition costs through an affiliated company.

Direct operating costs (related party) were $2,741,903 during the year ended December 31, 2022, which is primarily related to user acquisition costs through an affiliated company. There were no such related party direct costs during the year ended December 31, 2021.

Direct operating costs (other) increased by $4,261,716, or 162%, to $6,887,066 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $2,625,530 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. With the launch of HighRoller.com, we experienced increased direct operating costs including revenue share, directly correlated with increased revenue, as well as increased game and payment provider costs associated with the expansion of HighRoller.com into new markets.

Direct operating costs (other) increased by $3,287,294, or 217%, to $4,800,895 in 2022 as compared to $1,513,601 in 2021. With the launch of HighRoller.com, we experienced increased direct operating costs including revenue share, directly correlated with increased revenue, as well as increased game and payment provider costs associated with the expansion of HighRoller.com into new markets.

General and administrative

General and administrative (related party) decreased by $1,498,957, or 83%, to $309,143 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to $1,808,100 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by our decreased reliance on an affiliated company for administrative services.

General and administrative (related party) decreased by $925,139, or 31%, to $2,055,342 in 2022 as compared to $2,980,481 in 2021. The decrease was primarily driven by our decreased reliance on an affiliated company for administrative services.

General and administrative expenses (other) increased by $4,163,134, or 137%, to $7,212,275 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to $3,049,141 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by our decreased reliance on an affiliated company, and the buildout of in-house personnel and administrative services. Also included in general administrative expenses (other) are foreign currency transaction losses, which increased by $1,233,318 to $1,515,741 in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $288,234 in the prior period.

General and administrative expenses (other) increased by $2,801,374, or 118%, to $5,176,914 for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to $2,375,540 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by our decreased reliance on an affiliated company, and the buildout of in-house personnel and administrative services. Also included in general and administrative expenses (other) are foreign currency transaction losses, which increased by $374,095 to $552,278 for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to $178,183 in the prior period. 

Advertising and promotions

Advertising and promotions (related party) expenses increased by $812,672 or 107%, to $1,569,973 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $757,301 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily related to the increase in user acquisition costs associated with the launch of HighRoller.com.

Advertising and promotions (related party) expenses increased by $254,399 or 13%, to $2,265,248 for the year ended December 31,2022 as compared to $2,010,849 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily related to the increase in user acquisition costs associated with the launch of HighRoller.com.

Advertising and promotions expenses (other) increased by $1,130,618, or 43%, to $3,785,851 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to $2,655,233 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase is attributable to higher marketing costs due to efforts by management to grow the business.  

Advertising and promotions expenses (other) decreased by $491,077, or 17%, to $2,385,579 for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to $2,876,656 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease was mainly attributable to more equitable user acquisition agreements with third parties.  

Product and software development

Product and software development (other) decreased by $603,766, or 68%, to $278,182 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to $881,948 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily related to the termination of a consulting services agreement as a result of our legacy gaming operator CasinoRoom.com repositioning to an affiliate marketing website.

Product and software development (other) increased by $310,232, or 45%, to $997,977 for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to $687,745 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily driven by costs associated with the launch of HighRoller.com.

Product and software development (related party) increased by $36,836, or 31% to $156,822 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to $119,986 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Product and software development (related party) was $91,513 for the year ended December 31, 2022. There were no such costs during the year ended December 31, 2021.

(Loss) income from operations

Loss from operations decreased by $1,236,391, or 56% to $957,381 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to $2,193,772 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Loss from operations was $2,959,086 for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to income from operations of $1,000,193 for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Interest expense, net

Interest expense, net increased by $13,957 to $90,893 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to $76,936 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase is related to non-cash interest expense related to lease obligations.

Interest expense, net increased by $104,548 to $106,552 for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to $2,004 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase is related to non-cash interest expense related to lease obligations.

(Loss) income before taxes

Loss before income taxes decreased by $1,183,809, or 52% from $2,270,708 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $1,086,899 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Loss before income taxes was $3,065,638 for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to income before income taxes of $998,189 for the year ended December 31, 2021. 

Income tax expense (benefit)

Income tax expense was $8,611 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to income tax benefit of $2,539 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Income tax benefit was $7,311 for the year ended December 31, 2022 as compared to income tax expense of $19,743 for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Net loss

Net loss decreased by $1,172,659, or 52%, to $1,095,510 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to $2,268,169 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Net loss was $3,058,327 for the year ended December 31, 2022, as compared to net income of $978,446 for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Other Trends Impacting Our Business

Our results of operations can and generally do fluctuate due to other factors such as level of customer engagement, online casino results and other factors that are outside of our control or that we cannot reasonably predict. Our quarterly financial performance depends on our ability to attract and retain customers. Customer engagement in our online offerings may vary due to, among other things, customer satisfaction with our platform, our offerings and those of our competitors, our marketing efforts, public sentiment or an economic downturn. As customer engagement varies, so may our quarterly financial performance.

Our quarterly financial results may also be impacted by the number and amount of betting losses and jackpot payouts we experience. Although our losses are limited per stake to a maximum payout in our online casino offering, when looking at bets across a period of time, these losses can be significant. As part of our online casino offerings, we offer local progressive jackpot games that are operated by us and larger progressive jackpots which are “global,” operating across multiple operators and guaranteed by our game suppliers, generally Games Global or Netent. Each time a customer plays one of our local progressive jackpot games, we contribute a portion of the amount bet to the jackpot for that game or group of games. When a progressive jackpot is won, the jackpot is paid out and is reset to a predetermined base amount. As winning the jackpot is determined by a random mechanism, we cannot foresee when a jackpot will be won and we do not insure against jackpot payouts. Paying the local progressive jackpot decreases our cash position and, depending upon the size of the jackpot, payouts may have a significant negative affect on our cash flow and financial condition. Global progressive jackpots are guaranteed and paid by the game suppliers and are not a liability directly affecting us.

We operate within the global gaming and entertainment industry, which is comprised of diverse products and offerings that compete for consumers’ time and disposable income. We face and expect to continue to face significant competition from other industry players both within existing and new markets including from competitors with access to more resources or experience. Customer demands for new and innovative offerings and features require us to continue to invest in new technologies and content to improve the customer experience. Many jurisdictions in which we operate or intend to operate in the future have unique regulatory and/or technological requirements, which require us to have robust, scalable networks and infrastructure, and agile engineering and software development capabilities. The global gaming and entertainment industry has seen significant consolidation, regulatory change and technological development over the last few years, and we expect this trend to continue into the foreseeable future, which may create opportunities for us but may also create competitive and margin pressures.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We measure liquidity in terms of our ability to fund the cash requirements of our business operations, including working capital and capital expenditure needs, contractual obligations and other commitments, with cash flows from operations. Our current working capital needs relate mainly to supporting our existing businesses, the growth of these businesses in their existing markets and their expansion into other geographic regions, as well as our employees’ compensation and benefits. Historically, we have relied on affiliates and related party relationships to support our working capital needs for operations.

We had $1,329,670 in cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2022 (excluding customer cash deposits, which we segregate from our operating cash balances on behalf of our real-money customers for all jurisdictions and products, and restricted cash). For the year ended December 31, 2022, we had net loss of $3,058,327, had net cash provided by operations of $1,802,934, an accumulated deficit of $18,402,108, and negative working capital of $5,423,163.

We had $1,750,010 in cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2023 (excluding customer cash deposits, which we segregate from our operating cash balances on behalf of our real-money customers for all jurisdictions and products, and restricted cash). For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 we had net loss of $1,095,510, had net cash provided by operations of $579,827, an accumulated deficit of $19,497,618, and negative working capital of $2,354,297. We believe that our existing cash resources and the expected revenue and cash flows from operations together with net proceeds from this offering will be sufficient to fund our operations and capital expenditure requirements for the next 18 to 24 months.

In June 2023 we entered into a debt conversion agreement with Ellmount Interactive A.B. and Spike Up Media A.B. pursuant to which we issued 2.5 million shares of common stock, at $2.00 per share, to Spike Up in exchange for $5 million that we owed to Spike Up through June 30, 2023 for services provided to our subsidiary, HR Entertainment Ltd. Following this issuance, we owed Spike Up a balance of approximately $421,000 that was paid in the ordinary course of business.

Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to obtain the necessary financing to meet continuing obligations and repay our liabilities arising from normal business operations when they come due, to fund the development and expansion of its business activities, and to generate sustainable profitable operations and cash flows in the future. Management’s plan is to provide for our capital requirements by raising equity capital. No assurance can be given that we will be able to secure sufficient additional financing as and when necessary and on acceptable terms, or at all, to sustain and improve operating results and cash flows under the new business model.

At September 30, 2023 we did not have any transactions, obligations or relationships that could be considered off-balance sheet arrangements.

Cash Flows

The following table shows our cash flows from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities for the stated periods:

Net cash provided by operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased by $96,421, to $579,827 as compared to $483,406 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase is due to the decreases in net loss and cash generated by changes in operating assets and liabilities and an increase in non-cash charges.

Net cash provided by operations during the year ended December 31, 2022 increased by $1,169,543 to $1,802,934, as compared to $633,391 during the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase is primarily due to an increase in non-cash charges and an increase in cash generated by changes in operating assets and liabilities.

Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months September 30, 2023 was $394,279 compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $288,653 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The change is due to increased investment in computer software developed for internal use and purchase of property and equipment during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we acquired cash from the purchase of HR Entertainment Ltd.

Net cash provided by investing activities during the year ended December 31, 2022, was $222,550 as a result of cash acquired from the purchase of HR Entertainment Ltd., offset by computer software developed for internal use. Net cash used in investing activities was $768,893 during the year ended December 31, 2021, due to acquisitions of property, plant and equipment and intangibles.

Net cash used in financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $319,242 and is related to the payment of deferred offering costs. There were no such payments for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, represents proceeds received from the issuance of common stock. There were no such proceeds for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2022, represents proceeds received from the issuance of common stock. Net cash used in financing during the year ended December 31, 2021 represents an advance payment in connection with our initial public offering.

Restricted cash (current) increased by $224,720 during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, from $2,019,047 September 30, 2023, to $2,243,767. The increase in restricted cash is primarily related to increased amounts held by payment providers utilized in the operation of HighRoller.com at September 30, 2023, offset by release of certain funds previously deemed restricted.

Restricted cash (current) increased by $1,965,085 during the year ended December 31, 2022, from $854,893 at December 31, 2021, to $2,819,978 at December 31, 2022. Restricted cash (non-current) was $569,305 at December 31, 2021. There was no restricted cash (non-current) at December 31, 2022. The overall increase in restricted cash is related to cash held by payment providers utilized in the operation of HighRoller.com at December 31, 2022.

Critical Accounting Estimates 

The preparation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. Some of those judgments can be subjective and complex, and therefore, actual results could differ materially from those estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various assumptions that are believed to be reasonable in relation to the financial statements taken as a whole under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Management regularly evaluates the key factors and assumptions used to develop the estimates utilizing currently available information, changes in facts and circumstances, historical experience and reasonable assumptions. After such evaluations, if deemed appropriate, those estimates are adjusted accordingly. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates include those related to assumptions used in accruals for potential legal and other liabilities, recovery of amounts held in escrow, realization of intangible assets, share-based compensation, accrued jackpots and the realization of deferred tax assets.

The following critical accounting estimates affect the more significant judgements and estimates used in the preparation of our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Our long-lived assets consist of property and equipment, operating lease-right of use assets and indefinite lived assets (i.e. trademarks and domain name).

We evaluate long-lived assets for indicators of impairment at least annually or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. The factors that would be considered by management in performing this assessment include current operating results, trends and prospects, the manner in which the long-lived asset is used and the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition and other economic factors. If indicators of impairment are identified, we perform an undiscounted cash flow analysis of the long-lived assets. Asset groups are written down only to the extent that their carrying value is lower than their respective fair value. Fair values of the asset group are determined by discounting the cash flows at a rate that approximates the cost of capital of a market participant.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of trademarks and domain name. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized; rather they are tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if adverse events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. In addition, management evaluates whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life. Impairment tests are performed, at a minimum, in the fourth quarter of each year.

To test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment, we first assess the qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test. If we determine that it is more likely than not that the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount, then the quantitative impairment test is performed. The qualitative assessment requires the consideration of factors such as recent market transactions, macroeconomic conditions, and changes in projected future cash flows. The quantitative assessment compares the fair value of an indefinite-lived intangible asset to its carrying amount. If the carrying amount of an indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess. Fair values of indefinite-lived intangible assets are determined based on discounted cash flows.

We conducted an impairment analysis with respect to the casino room trademarks indefinite-lived asset at December 31, 2022 which concluded that the fair value, determined using a discounted cash flow analysis, did not exceed their carrying value, and thus they were partially impaired. Projected cash flows included an estimated commission fee for referring a player who opens an account with a deposit to an online gaming site, as well as future revenue sharing agreements for those customers based upon net gaming revenue over an estimated gaming period ranging from approximately 5 months to 12 months. Accordingly, we recorded an impairment of $935,263 for the year ended December 31, 2022.

We evaluated qualitative factors related to the HighRoller domain name, acquired in 2022, and concluded that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the indefinite lived intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. Therefore, no further impairment considerations were deemed necessary on the HighRoller domain name as of December 31, 2022.

We did not have any impairment of indefinite-lived intangible assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 or 2022 or the year ended December 31, 2021.

Share-Based Compensation

We record share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”) and recognize share-based compensation expense in the period in which a grantee is required to provide service, which is generally over the vesting period of the individual share-based payment award. Compensation expense for awards with performance conditions is not recognized until it is probable that the performance target will be achieved. Compensation expense for awards is recognized over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur.

Unit awards are classified as either an equity award or a liability award depending on whether the award contains certain repurchase provisions. Equity-classified awards are valued as of the grant date based upon the price of the underlying unit or share and a number of assumptions, including volatility, performance period, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends. Liability-classified awards are valued at fair value at each reporting date.

Income Taxes

We comply with the accounting and reporting requirements of ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”), which requires an asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in future taxable or deductible amounts, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Valuation allowances in respect of deferred tax assets are provided for, if necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to amounts more likely than not to be realized. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had recorded a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets.

ASC 740 also clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. ASC 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim period, disclosure and transition. Any interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions will be recognized as a component of income tax expense.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Recently issued and adopted accounting pronouncements are described in Note 2 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, authoritative guidance, if currently adopted, would have a material impact on our financial statement presentation or disclosures.

Emerging Growth Company Accounting Election

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”) exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can choose not to take advantage of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, and any such election to not take advantage of the extended transition period is irrevocable. We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and has elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. The Company remains an emerging growth company and is expected to continue to take advantage of the benefits of the extended transition period. This may make it difficult or impossible to compare the Company financial results with the financial results of another public company that is either not an emerging growth company or is an emerging growth company that has chosen not to take advantage of the extended transition period exemptions for emerging growth companies because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

BUSINESS

High Roller Technologies, Inc., is a Delaware holding company, that through its wholly owned subsidiaries controls an online gaming operator. We offer diverse and dynamic real money iCasino entertainment products to players worldwide through our Platform. We currently maintain licenses from Malta and Curacao and a domain license agreement from an Estonian licensee that provide us with access to certain international markets. We have not operated under our Malta license since June 2022, and have since initiated the process with the Maltese Gaming Authority to terminate the license. Through our Platform we provide a large selection of exciting games, personalized experiences and a community, in a safe, secure environment, built on trust and customer service. iGaming, or online casino, offerings typically include the full suite of games available in land-based casinos, such as blackjack, roulette, baccarat, poker and slot machines. For these offerings, we function similarly to land-based casinos, generating revenue through hold, or gross winnings, as users play against the house. 

During the first half of 2022, we rebranded our iCasino operations from CasinoRoom.com to HighRoller.com and concurrently commenced to reposition our legacy gaming operator “CasinoRoom.com” into an online casino ratings and reviews portal that would generate high-value leads and targeted search engine traffic (SEO) for HighRoller.com and customer leads for other casinos particularly in markets that we do not serve. We believe that our new CasinoRoom.com affiliate model site may further enable us to support any future brands which we may launch or acquire with targeted traffic. We currently are present and active in several markets around the world. Our focus will primarily be to enter regulated markets in Europe, North and South America. Applications for licenses and fee payments for licenses can be costly. We intend to seek entry into one or more regulated North American markets utilizing proceeds from this offering but have not identified any target or budgeted any amount for such entries. We currently expect that initial entry into any of these regulated North American markets to occur in approximately twelve months from the receipt of proceeds from this offering. No assurance can be given that these efforts will prove successful. Our business may suffer if we are unable to open new geographical markets or if we are unable to continue expanding within existing markets.

We obtain our more than 3,000 iCasino game offerings from over 50 suppliers such as Pragmatic Play, Push Gaming, Evolution Gaming for Live Dealer services, Play ‘n Go, Big Time Gaming, Red Tiger Gaming, Netent, Quickspin and others. These content and gaming licenses are subject to standard revenue-sharing agreements specific to each supplier, whereby suppliers receive a percentage of the net gaming revenue generated from their respective casino games as well as in a payment combination including agreed upon fixed costs.

Our vision is: ‘To excite the world with the most immersive real money online casino gaming experiences on the planet.’ Our founders, board and management collectively have over 100 years of iGaming and ecommerce experience. Because we handle, collect, store, receive, transmit and otherwise process certain personal information of our users and employees, we are also subject to federal, state and foreign laws related to the privacy and protection of such data. With our operations in Europe, we may also face particular privacy, data security and data protection risks in connection with requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union (EU) 2016/679 (the “GDPR”) and other data protection regulations. Any failure to comply with these rules may result in regulatory fines or penalties including orders that require us to change the way we process data. In the event of a data breach, we are also subject to breach notification laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate, including the GDPR, and the risk of litigation and regulatory enforcement actions. See “Risk Factors.”

Our aim is to grow market share in the international online casino markets. We believe that locally regulated North American markets have the potential to become the largest locally regulated online gaming markets in terms of net gaming revenue in the world. Our goal is to gain access to these markets using proceeds from this offering under acceptable market conditions. No assurance can be given that these efforts will prove successful.

We expect that our growth will be driven by attracting and acquiring new users, engaging our existing users, by entering new geographical markets, and implementing a multi-brand strategy. We believe that one of our main competitive advantages stems from a durable record of digital performance marketing and operational excellence from the founding team, which we are utilizing to create rapid gross and net revenue growth and margin. We believe that online digital entertainment, such as online casino and online wagering will continue to open up new opportunities for experienced operators who have the ability to participate in these high growth markets.

We strive to differentiate our products from other online legacy casinos by focusing on streaming and social experiences. At High Roller casino enthusiasts can play together, form communities, find and follow each other, creating a more engaging, entertaining and meaningful gaming experience, in line with trends and expectations from other e-commerce verticals.

We believe that ours is an attractive proposition which extends beyond a dynamic base product offering to one that has a broad selection of entertaining and exciting content having more than 3,000 slot and other iCasino games, with a number of our most popular games being available to play with a live dealer, such as blackjack, video poker, roulette, baccarat, and craps sourced from over 50 content providers. We provide loyalty program offers with generous cash back, inviting hospitality experiences, other welcoming introductory services and longer play incentives. All our players are treated with an attractive welcome package of bonuses and free spins on popular slots. Each time a player levels up to a next tier of play, the player is instantly rewarded with free spins at the slots they prefer at their then stake levels of play. We focus on a rapid registration process and allow players one tap search to discover and select their games of choice. Our players also appreciate rapid payment processing through our automated cashier. We currently accept wagers in multiple currencies, and we generated more than $250 million in customer-paid real money bets during 2021 utilizing our Casino Room domain name. We generated more than $400 million in customer-paid real money bets during 2022 and more than $535 million in customer paid real money bets through September 30, 2023 utilizing our HighRoller.com domain name. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, we had approximately 21.3 thousand active users as compared to 36.5 thousand active users for the same period in 2023 representing period over period growth of approximately 71%. Our net gaming revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 was $22,484,426 and $11,628,721, respectively. Our net gaming revenue was $17,460,426 and $12,753,273 for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Our gaming operations extend across international markets by arrangements that utilize third party licenses authorized by other local and remote authorities. We expect that new geographical markets will be material additional drivers of our revenue growth and profit in subsequent years. Through our relationship with Spike Up Media we are able to outsource parts of our marketing department, resulting in access to broader industry knowledge than would otherwise be readily available to us, as well as give us the ability to scale much quicker and more effectively than many of our competitors. By way of illustration, when entering a new market we will need to hire additional staff, familiarize ourselves with such matters as demographics, language, favorable selling points, pitfalls to avoid, competitor presentations and operations, and other market specific facts through expensive and time consuming testing and data gathering. Our access to Spike Up’s extensive experience and market data provide us immediate market intelligence and allows us to drive viable leads in most active casino markets from the time that we access those markets. We anticipate that this accelerated new market entry will reduce costs and allow for earlier market acceptance than that which we might be able to achieve on a standalone basis. We believe that the most efficient allocation of our resources does not currently allow us to build, design and deploy proprietary games and as a result we focus our resources on aggregating and curating iCasino games from over 50 dedicated game development studios.

We believe that the combination of our in-house proprietary front end, and out-sourcing of resource demanding components, yields a highly competitive cost model, which allows us to differentiate our brand and favorable consumer experience while maintaining operating efficiencies.

In January 2022 we refocused our operations to launch and fast track a highly competitive premium brand HighRoller.com. The combination furnished High Roller with licenses, staff and market access, while repositioning Casino Room as a casino review and price comparison website that would lead customers to the HighRoller.com Platform.

Licenses

By our Domain License Agreement and Nominee Agreement with Happy Hour Solutions we are able to access use of the Estonia license for our operations. Happy Hour Solutions Ltd. is licensed in Estonia under license number HKT000063.

According to article 16.1 of the Estonia Gambling Act regulating the gambling activities in the jurisdiction, an activity license for the organization of gambling (which we refer to as an activity license) entitles a person to apply for an operating permit to organize gambling. The activity license is indefinite and non-transferable. In furtherance thereof, an operating permit to organize online gambling is issued for a period of five years.

The cost of acquiring the license is set by a state fee structure for review of applications for the activity license: €47,940 for games of chance and €3,200 for review of applications for the operating permit for gambling games.

The Gambling Tax Act imposes a five percent tax on the total amount of bets, less the winnings, for organizing games of chance or online games of skill.

The Income Tax Act states that gambling winnings are, in general, taxed at 21 percent. However, according to Section 19(3)(7) of the Income Tax Act, winnings received from gambling with licensed operators are not subject to income tax.

Ellmount Entertainment Ltd is the holder of an inactive B2C license (Type 1 Gaming Services) issued by the Malta Gaming Authority. Currently, Ellmount Entertainment Ltd is withdrawing from any Malta licensed activities and has not operated under its Malta license since June 2022.

The government of Curacao has approved four master license holders, based on National Decrees, and all prospective operators interested in Curacao online gaming licenses must apply for a sublicense from one of those master license holders. We obtained our sublicense, number GLH-OCCHKTW0711022021 with Gaming Services Provider N.V., holder of Master License no 365/JAZ granted by the Central Government of Curaçao. This sublicense provides us with the ability to operate iCasino games as well as poker, betting, lottery and other games of chance. After a license has been issued, the licensee will remain under the master licensor’s supervision. All online gaming operators who hold a valid sublicense from Gaming Curacao are required to display a seal on their websites, which is provided by Gaming Curacao and which acts as proof of the validity of the sublicense. The government of Curacao is in the process of modernizing its gambling legislation and is creating a new independent licensing and supervisory authority for all games of chance. The first gaming sector to be legalized under the law will be remote gaming. The new law is expected to be enacted in early 2024. Our current sublicense has been extended through January 3, 2024 and we expect to obtain a license directly from the government of Curacao thereafter. Based on our communications with local gaming authorities we believe that our current sublicense will be extended until such time we are granted a license directly from the government of Curacao.

Remote gambling is the organization of a gambling game in a manner where the result of the game is explained on an electronic device and the player can participate in the game via an electronic means of communication, including telephone, Internet and media services

In many national markets, gaming is regulated by local law and, in principle, to be able to conduct such operations in these markets, a license is required.

Political decisions, new interpretations of laws and new regulations can significantly impact our earnings and financial position since operations are either subject to licenses or can become subject to licenses. Currently, our primary market is Europe, where most countries have regulated the business of online gaming, especially following pressure from the EU institutions to launch regulatory frameworks which are compliant with EU regulation principles. Since the primary purpose behind most of the local gaming legislation is to fund state finances, the resulting limitations on the free movement of services created by EU Member States through their local monopolies are not possible to defend in terms of compliance with applicable EU legal principles. The Court of Justice of the European Union has established in many rulings that Member States must demonstrate the suitability, proportionality, and necessity of the limiting measure in question, in particular the existence of a problem linked to the public interest objective at stake and the consistency of the regulatory system. Despite this, several Member States historically have maintained these types of restrictions while others have introduced new and compliant frameworks for gaming regulation or announced that they are working on new legislation in line with EU requirements.

Whenever new legislation is adopted, it is unclear whether there will be requirements or restrictions in relation to receiving a license or in general at the time of regulating or re-regulating of markets, demanding the settlement of any form of historical obligation (including the size of the same) or assessment of reliability etc. The Company will continue to have a dialogue with regulators and other relevant stakeholders, both on the EU and national level, with the aim of achieving sustainable regulations ensuring the right to be regulated, so that consumers can access compliant online gaming services. Depending on the circumstances, we may also use other legal remedies available to protect the rights afforded to us, e.g. as a digital company within the European Union.

Since the decision of the European Commission in 2017, not to further pursue open infringement procedures against the Member States concerning online gaming, no infringement proceedings in online gaming matters have been commenced to date.

Gaming regulation developments

Europe

Norway. On March 1, 2022, the Norwegian Parliament voted through the new law on gaming, meant to replace the existing acts on lottery, gaming and totalizator. The new law reinforced the country’s position on a monopoly model for gaming and proposed a ban on credit card gaming, new marketing restrictions as well as granted the local gaming regulator additional means for protecting the monopoly model (e.g. by imposing infringement fines). The new law came into force in 2023. During 2023, some larger operators received formal cease and desist order from the Norwegian regulator together with a notification of undetermined future fines, should the order not be complied with. These companies largely appealed the cease-and-desist orders as part of an administrative review process, deeming the orders to be unlawful and any fines issued unenforceable. However, in the course of these legal actions a few large operators withdrew from the Norwegian market. Our Company has not received any communication or cease-and desist order to date. We also maintain that our online gaming services are offered pursuant to the freedom to provide services under the EU/EEA law. Our websites do not target Norwegian players. The government in Norway has proposed legislation that will seek to make it possible to DNS block websites that offer unlicensed gambling in Norway. The proposal has not yet been approved by the Norwegian parliament but is likely to be tabled some time in 2024.

The legislative move will take the form of an amendment to the Gambling Act.

Finland. In April 2023, general election in Finland resulted in a more conservative majority. The new Finnish government has since announced plans to introduce a new licensing model for online casino games and betting. This would see an end to the state monopoly operated by Veikkaus Oy. According to the government’s program, there will be an overhaul of the gambling regulation and it seeks to introduce a licensing system for online casino games and betting no later than January 1, 2026. The scope of the license system would include online casino games and betting. No details are known yet nor is it known if the government will seek to introduce a “cooldown period” before the new license system comes into force or whether it will allow for a transition period. Our Company has not received any communication or cease-and desist order to date. We also maintain that our online gaming services are offered pursuant to the freedom to provide services under the EU/EEA law. Our websites do not target Finnish players.

Latin America

Brazil. In December 2023, Brazil’s Senate has approved legislation to regulate online sports betting. The Senators agreed to pass the Bill 3626/2023 to implement a 2018 federal lottery law on fixed-odds betting. Casino style games were removed from the bill and from the scope of a forthcoming licensing regime for now. The current version of Bill 3626/2023 would allow companies to apply for five-year licenses to operate up to three online betting skins, subject to an upfront fee of up to R$30m (approximately US$6m). Online betting revenue would be taxed at a headline rate of 12 percent but additional taxes and fees would apply. There is also a licensing condition which would require operators to be at least 20 percent owned by Brazilian investors. There is still a possibility that the bill will be amended again to include licensing for online casino games. However, this might only as part of broader expanded gambling legislation, including land-based casinos and bingo, which is also pending in the Senate.

iGaming Industry

iGaming Market Size

Total addressable worldwide gambling market (TAM) in 2022 was estimated to be $460 billion of which iGaming is estimated to exceed $111 billion or about 24% of TAM. The market is expected to grow to $621 billion by 2026, of which online gaming is expected to account for $183 billion or about 30% of TAM. This estimated growth in the iGaming market represents a compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, of 8.9%.

Key historical drivers to iGaming are technological and regulatory. Through internet and handheld devices the worldwide population can access gaming services anywhere, at any time. In order to control and tax the market regulation has emerged across a number of markets. The friction of rapid technological and regulatory change, and following change in user trends and behavior, has allowed new entrants to challenge, and take significant market share from, historically land based incumbents. Whilst the first wave of regulation happened in Europe throughout the 2000s and 2010s, the United States Supreme Court repealed the federal ban on sports betting in the U.S. in 2018, leading to a number of states introducing localized regulatory frameworks for sports betting and online casino, allowing private entrants to form a large and high growth iGaming industry, causing the land-based business, as well as mainstream companies and brands, to enter the industry. iGaming is growing worldwide and beyond, and the opportunities in Europe, United States and Asia, are following similar growth trajectories albeit being in various states of regulatory and technological development.

iGaming Sector and Value Chain

iGaming is a common term for current and future services involving real money online gaming. Verticals are in descending market size Casino, Sports betting, Horse Racing, Bingo, Poker, as well as new and emerging categories such as virtual sports, esports, and crypto gaming.

The iGaming value chain can be classified in large measure to include operators, content providers, media and marketing companies as well as technology and auxiliary services. 

Operators  

Operators are licensed to offer B2C gaming services. They take registrations, service banking and accept bets and pay out wins. They offer games developed in-house as proprietary or sourced from third party content providers.

Content Providers 

Content providers develop games such as odds, slot machines and live dealer games, that are typically sold or licensed to operators on a revenue share, or in combination with fixed costs.

Marketing and Media Companies  

Marketing and media companies provide exposure and lead generation to operators on various revenue models such as Cost Per view, Cost Per Click, Cost Per Acquisition, Fixed Fees/Placement Fees, or on a Revenue share.

Technology and Auxiliary Service Providers  

These companies include but are not limited to infrastructure and/or platform backend (PAM) solutions, CRM Systems, Customer Support Systems, AI/ML, Data platforms and Managed Services and operational support.

Strategic Positioning

We have for over a decade operated our online casino brand of iGaming operations under the Casino Room brand. Effective January 2022 we commenced to refocus our operations under the High Roller brand, and have moved our players over to High Roller from Casino Room. We have transitioned our Casino Room brand into an affiliate marketing entity that can generate customer traffic to the HighRoller.com website and to any future brands that we may develop and launch as well as monetizing players in all markets by forwarding traffic to high paying casinos around the world.

We provide our customers with a wide array of attractive and exciting online casino game offerings from over 50 leading developers. Our mission is to offer a reliably superior customer experience by

Spike Up Media, an affiliate of our founders, is one of a handful of globally foremost providers of high quality, effective lead generation. We believe that our association with Spike Up provides high quality, effective lead generation converting into growing and active corps of customers, which, together with our favorable customer acquisition costs and competitive customer retention, results for us in higher revenue and favorable gross operating margins. High Roller is an online operator of B2C brands leveraging operational and marketing expertise and assets to create a highly competitive growth model. We operate in a mix of remote or Pre-regulated licensed markets where we can legally engage in iCasino using international licenses, as well as locally licensed, or Regulated, markets which mandate a local license.

Pre-regulated markets often have lower thresholds to enter and tend to provide higher margins as l locally licensed regulations typically entail increased compliance requirements and higher taxation, however those offshore markets generally carry more long-term uncertainty, as emerging regulation is often unclear. Our business plan entails our applying revenue derived from offshore markets to be invested into onshore markets that we expect will deliver long-term sustainable gross profits.

We are currently present and active in several markets around the world. Our focus, after receipt of proceeds from this offering will primarily be to enter regulated markets in Europe and North America. Applications for licenses and fee payments for licenses can be costly. The license fee for an online casino in Pennsylvania for example is $1,000,000 and is valid for five years, while New Jersey has a $400,000 licensing fee, annual renewal fees of $250,000. Both Pennsylvania and New Jersey have a further legal requirement that an online casino operator team up with an in state land based casino. We intend to seek entry into one or more regulated North American markets utilizing proceeds from this offering but have not identified any target or budgeted any amount for such entries. We currently expect that initial entry into any of these regulated North American markets to occur in approximately twelve months from the receipt of proceeds from this initial public offering. No assurance can be given that these efforts will prove successful. Our business may suffer if we are unable to open new geographical markets or if we are unable to continue expanding within existing markets. 

We compete for customers by having optimized the HighRoller.com product for social media, live streaming and for, we believe, into positioning us to deliver more exciting and entertaining immersive experiences for our customers.

We believe that our in-house technology is dynamic and highly capable of serving our growth needs in that its proprietary front-end platform is built on a services and event based architecture. We believe that these features will allow us to be able to react in real time according to almost any player event that occurs. We utilize these capabilities in areas such as campaigning, content, player protection and customer service, creating an attractive and favorable user experience. Our frontend platform uses a container-based architecture. This containerization allows us to package our frontend code and dependencies into containers that can be easily deployed and scaled across many users, languages, geographic locations, deposits and betting amounts. We believe these features also facilitate our ability to acquire and retain customers, with a high operational and marketing efficiency, allowing us to deploy and invest resources towards continued innovation and value for our end-user customers.

In November 2022 we introduced LiveSpin games which are effectively streamed through video, meaning that they launch much quicker than downloading static content files to a user’s local device. We save the streamed video content and make highlights available for High Roller, or potentially for users, to share through linking in real time. Although no outside players or viewers can view a user playing a traditional single player game, through this LiveSpin technology any player can invite anyone else to view the session in real time. Furthermore this product is collectivistic in that users are ‘betting behind’ together, while chatting with other players and interacting with one another. We believe that this social nature of the product enhances its attraction for social media audiences and that users are likely to share both real time sessions, and replays in these channels. The LiveSpins products on High Roller have gained popularity since their introduction and have ascended to be among the top 20 on our list of most played games. We continue to explore how we can add and expand interactive social features as a unique selling point, or USP, involving the iCasino community of players. We believe our in-house technology features and USPs also facilitate our ability to acquire and retain customers, with a high operational and marketing efficiency, allowing us to deploy and invest resources towards continued innovation and value for our end-user customers.

Our core unique selling propositions, USPs that make our business stand out from the competition, are within social, community and streaming based product features that lend well to viral, affiliate and social marketing.

Business Model

High Roller derives its profits from a house edge in the games where registered users place bets on the websites. In casino this edge is typically 2-8% on online slot games, and 2-3% on table games such as Blackjack, Roulette, Video Poker and Live streamed dealer games.

Games are supplied by third party content studios who collect royalties in the typical range of 5-15% of the net gaming revenues (defined as total amounts of all bets placed by players, less the sum of all payments made to players, less all bonuses received by players plus Jackpot wins less Jackpot contributions) or NGR.

To incentivize user sign up, and retention, we offer promotions such as deposit bonuses, which is typically a percentage match of a deposit, free spins and cash back, subject to posted terms and conditions, collectively referred to as ‘bonuses’. Gaming regulators typically collect a tax on either Gross Gaming Revenues, which includes lost bonuses, or NGR where NGR does not include lost bonuses. These taxes vary from our applicable jurisdictions however are typically in the range of 5%-20% of NGR.

Competitive Strengths

We believe that our competitive strengths include:

Strength of HighRoller.com and Our Multi Brand Strategy

We believe that the HighRoller.com brand provides immediate and positive brand recognition as an iCasino online gaming site that appeals to industry high rollers and to those customers who want to be treated with that level of high quality, personalized VIP experience. We believe that focusing on the delivery of this experience will continue to attract new customers, retain a greater percentage of our existing ones and be an important factor in our future growth.

We are implementing a multi-brand strategy that allows us to scale our business by duplicating our Platform strengths across multiple domains with individualized branding and different target markets. We believe that this multi-brand strategy allows us to compete for increased market share in an industry where fresh and compelling branding often attracts additional players. We soft launched our second active iCasino brand, Fruta.com, in December 2023, and are exploring opportunities for future brand launches. We expect to launch at least one new iCasino brand over the next twelve months to expand market share in existing markets and reduce customer acquisition cost and attrition rates.

iCasino Focus Targeting High Roller Customers

As an online iGaming company, we believe that we are well positioned to continue to attract and acquire high value customers in the iGaming market. Our management believes that the combination of higher lifetime player value, which we refer to as “LTV”, and player demographics of iGaming players creates a superior value proposition for iCasino.

High Roller believes that the average iGaming player plays longer, reinvests his or her winnings more quickly and has a higher disposable income than the average player (excluding super VIP players) at land-based casinos, all of which in our view contributes to a higher total engagement per active month than land-based casino players. We expect iCasino to continue growing at a rate that is higher on average than the growth rate of land-based casinos and that our pure focus on iCasino, along with our competitive strengths, will make us a preferred choice for online players. Since launching our HighRoller.com brand in January 2022, we have steadily grown quarterly active users and quarterly aggregate wagers, from approximately 3,300 and approximately $18 million in the first quarter of 2022 to approximately 19,400 and $172 million in the third quarter of 2023.

Favorable Customer Acquisition Costs (CPA) and Industry Competitive Customer Retention

Another component of our competitive strength is our ability to attract and on-board new high value customers through our Spike Up Media lead generation relationship. Spike Up Media, a company beneficially owned by our founders, is believed to be one of the five largest lead generation companies globally. As a result of our offerings, which include numerous bonusing features that appeal to our casino customers.

Market-Leading Innovation and Content

We offer customers a dynamic and immersive iCasino platform. At September 30, 2023, we offered over 3,000 iCasino slots and table games licensed from over 50 leading studio providers representing largely the entire range of iCasino games that the Company believes are most attractive to its customer base including slots, craps, blackjack, roulette, baccarat, video poker and live dealer games. The HighRoller.com Platform offered with this broad range of games incorporates desirable graphics, with play inducing bonuses, interactive social media, as well as secure rapid onboarding and payouts. We provide an easy to use search function that provides our customers a speedy, user friendly search ability to find their desired games, but also allows them to search and rapidly to find favorite game providers, or to search filter games by styles of play. By way of illustration, our customers can select whether to search for grid games or ones that provide for a free spins bonus round, We believe that our ability to curate a wider array of iCasino gaming products than do many others, always attempting to show players the most relevant and highest quality games, is an important factor in reducing player churn and by delivering varied, superior product offering catering to a broader range of customer preferences. As compared to many of our competitors, we believe that we provide our customers with one of the more enjoyable, realistic and exciting real money online gaming experiences in the market.

Growth Strategy

Our proprietary online gaming Platform has been developed and is operated by an experienced management team with global online/mobile iCasino experience. We believe our online gaming Platform and technology stack give us the ability to provide a personalized, data-driven gaming experience for the entertainment and player satisfaction of our customers. We believe that the ability to customize the playing experience for each user is a key feature of our online gaming platform. Our current and new markets continue to evolve and to grow and we need to build upon our increasing brand awareness and the existing competencies of our online gaming Platform and technology stack to stake out our business expansion and revenue growth. We intend to continue investing in our core competitive strengths and improve the user experiences for our players with the aim of becoming a leading competitor in online Casino.

Our growth strategy includes launching multiple brands. We soft launched Fruta.com, our second iCasino brand, in December 2023. Please see “Strength of HighRoller.com and our Multi Brand Strategy” above.

Broaden penetration of existing markets

We intend to increase investments in digital media, search engine optimization, use of influencers for live play games, as well as well as other marketing and advertising further to broaden awareness of our brand within existing markets, to drive new players to the HighRoller.com website and to achieve greater share of the iCasino wallet.

Enter New Geographic Markets

As part of our long-term strategy, we aim to leverage our existing markets operational experience, combined with attention to local needs, to enter into new geographic markets in North America, LATAM as well as Southeast Asia. In entering these markets, we may conduct business as an online operator marketing to users (B2C), as an online operator marketing to users in conjunction with a land-based casino partner (B2B2C), as a platform provider to a third-party operator (B2B), or any combination of these new market penetrating efforts. We expect to position ourselves to be ready to enter jurisdictions that provide for legal online casino wagering where we believe conditions may enable us to achieve favorable growth on our invested capital.

Continue investments in Platform and Markets and Cybersecurity Oversight

We have established a set of competitive strengths and competencies that in our view position us as a leader in the evolving online casino wagering industry. We will continue building on our core user experiences while bolstering the data-driven, marketing and technological infrastructure that allows us to continue to scale our product offerings and personalized player experiences. We plan to continue to invest in our users and product offerings as we remain driven to keep users engaged while expanding the capabilities of the Platform that will enable us to rapidly reach new geographic markets and attract new high roller players.

Our company faces a number of risks, including cybersecurity risks and those other risks described under the section titled “Risk Factors” included in this prospectus. At this stage of our development, our board of directors, as a group, will actively oversee cybersecurity risks and will be committed to the prevention, timely detection and mitigation of the effects of any such incidents on our company’s operations. While our board of directors will oversee cybersecurity risk management, our management will be responsible for day-to-day risk management processes. Our board of directors has tasked our Chief Technology Officer and other management with the responsibility to manage our cybersecurity initiatives including with respect to our customer data and game suppliers databases. Our board of directors will receive regular reports from management, including our Chief Technology Officer, on material cybersecurity risks and the degree of our exposure to those risks. Management will also work with third-party service providers to maintain appropriate controls. Our board of directors may in the future delegate some or all of this responsibility to an appropriate committee of the board of directors. We believe this approach is currently the most effective approach for addressing our cybersecurity risks at this time.

Continue to invest in personnel

In support of accessing additional geographic markets and achieving greater penetration and growth within existing online markets, we plan to grow operational and technology personnel teams to broaden product development capabilities, deliver innovation, and enhance efficiency, reduce reliance on third parties and scale digital user capabilities.

Human Capital

Our Employees. As of September 30, 2023, we employed 62 persons working across offices in U.S., and Europe. Of these, one was employed in the United States, 51 were employed in Malta, and ten were employed in Costa Rica. In November 2023, we revised our operating model to provide support and services from our Malta operations and will no longer have employees in Costa Rica. Our highly qualified and experienced team includes eight persons in senior management and the balance engaged in operations, accounting, social media and marketing, customer service, technological support and the balance in other administrative responsibilities. We also utilize a number of consultants for financial reporting, regulatory and other operational matters.

We believe that we maintain a satisfactory working relationship with our employees, and we have experienced no significant labor disputes or any difficulty in recruiting staff for our operations. None of our employees are represented by a labor union.

Employee Engagement, Talent Development and Benefits. We believe that our future success largely depends upon our continued ability to attract and retain highly skilled employees. We provide our employees with competitive salaries and bonuses, and opportunities for equity ownership.

Legal Proceedings

In the normal course of business, the Company may be subject to claims and litigation. The Company reviews its legal proceedings and claims, regulatory reviews and inspections, and other legal matters on an ongoing basis and follows appropriate accounting guidance when making accrual and disclosure decisions are required. If necessary, the Company establishes accruals for those contingencies when the incurrence of a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated, and the Company discloses the amount accrued and the amount of a reasonably possible loss in excess of the amount accrued if such disclosure is necessary for our financial statements to not be misleading. The Company does not record an accrual when the likelihood of loss being incurred is probable, but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated, or when the loss is believed to be only reasonably possible or remote, although disclosures will be made for material matters as required by ASC 450-20, Contingencies.

The Company had certain pending or threatened legal claims or actions in which there was a probable outcome. Ellmount Entertainment, Ltd., a subsidiary of the Company, has litigation pending in Austria and Germany regarding player claims and related legal fees totaling approximately $82,000. The Company currently is not targeting these markets and does not anticipate further claims of a similar nature that may be material in these markets. The Company is also currently subject to administrative claims initiated by the Czech Ministry of Finance regarding the operation of gaming activities in 2018 without a license and has been ordered to pay a fine of approximately $216,000, which is under appeal. The Company is not currently aware of any other material regulatory or tax claims. The Company has provided an appropriate provision for these claims in accrued expenses in its consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2023, September 30, 2022, December 31, 2022 and 2021 to the extent that such claims can be reasonably estimated. 

MANAGEMENT

Executive Officers, Directors and Director Nominees

The following table sets forth the name, age and position of each of our executive officers, directors and director nominees as of the date of this prospectus: 

* Effective January 1, 2024, Mr. Clemes will succeed Mr. Cribari and Mr. Eachus as Chief Executive Officer and President

(1) Chair of the nominating and governance committee 

(2) Chair of the compensation committee

(3) Chair of the audit committee

Michael Cribari is our Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board and a co-founder of our company. He has for more than 16 years focused his attention on investing in a wide range of European based iGaming businesses. During the last five years he has been a director of Spike Up Media, a leading global iGaming affiliate and has also been Chairman of its parent, Ellmount Interactive AB, a Swedish iGaming technology company. We believe that Mr. Cribari’s experience and knowledge gained as an investor in a wide range of European iGaming businesses and his leadership in co-founding our company make him well qualified to be our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. In connection with Mr. Clemes joining the Company, effective January 1, 2024 Mr. Cribari will resign as Chief Executive Officer.

Ben Clemes will become our Chief Executive Officer effective January 1, 2024. From May 2023 through December 2023 he was Investment and Portfolio Partner at Happy Hour Solutions and following January 1, 2024 will continue to consult with Happy Hour Solutions on a part time basis. From October 2022 to May 2023 he was General Manager for North America of the Platform Unit, at Gaming Innovation Group (www.gig.com). From December 2017 to October 2022 he was Chief Commercial Officer and Managing Director of the Platform Unit, and from December 2015 to December 2017 he was Managing Director of the Platform Unit, at Gaming Innovation Group Inc. or GIG, a leading B2B supplier in the online gaming industry. GIG, operating out of Malta, Spain and Denmark and listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange and Swedish Nasdaq, provides cloud-based product and platform services and performance marketing solutions, products and services to iGaming Operators. From April 2013 to December 2016 he was Co-Founder and Head of Casino Operations at Guts.com, a website offering casino games, sportsbetting and poker. Prior to Guts.com, Mr. Clemes has held a number of senior management positions since joining the iGaming industry in 2006. Mr. Clemes received a BCM, Marketing, Computer Science from Lincoln University, New Zealand in 2000.

Brandon Eachus is President and a co-founder of our company. Since 2015 he has been a director of Spike Up Media, a leading iGaming affiliate worldwide. Prior to that for more than 17 years Mr. Eachus had co-founded and operated four internet-based businesses where he served in senior management roles. Since 2014 he has been an active shareholder in Ellmount Interactive AB, a Swedish iGaming company, with responsibilities for corporate communications, marketing, finance. Mr. Eachus attended business school at California State University Fresno and since 2019 has served on the board for the Ronald McDonald House charities. We believe that Mr. Eachus’s experience in senior management roles at internet-based businesses, his knowledge of internet lead generation, and his leadership in co-founding our company make him well qualified to be our President and a member of our board of directors. In connection with Mr. Clemes joining the Company, effective upon January 1, 2024 Mr. Eachus will resign as President.

Matt Teinert has been our Chief Financial Officer since May 2023. He has over a decade of experience serving both private and publicly traded global companies in various accounting and financial planning roles. From April 2017 until April 2023 he was Director of Accounting and Financial Reporting at Digital Turbine Inc.. From 2015 to 2017 he was SEC Reporting Analyst at Summit Hotel Properties and from 2011 to 2015 he was a senior associate at BDO USA, LLP. He received a Bachelor of Business Administration in Accounting from University of Houston-Victoria.

Idan Levy has since September 1, 2022 been President and Chief Executive Officer of Ellmount Entertainment Ltd., our principal iCasino subsidiary. Mr. Levy has been Chief Operations Officer at Genesis Global Limited, an online casino operator headquartered in Malta, from March 2017 through August 2022 and in that capacity was responsible for opening the Malta office and recruiting the management and operating staff. His responsibilities at Genesis Global included overseeing all operational aspects of the enterprise including human resources, all departments and systems. From March 2012 until March 2017, Mr. Levy was the Chief Executive Officer of Playtech Managed Services.

Reuben Borg Caruana joined Ellmount Entertainment Ltd. as Chief Operations Officer in August 2022. Mr. Borg Caruana has extensive operations, risk, fraud and payments, product, and compliance experience in online gaming. Previously, as Director of Operations at kwiff, a sports betting app, from October 2021 until April 2022, Mr. Borg Caruana was responsible for all operational aspects of the business, including restructuring and leading of RPF, CS, VIP, CRM and Casino departments and also responsible for the Payments strategy and commercials to help the business in international markets expansion. From April 2017 until September 2021, Mr. Borg Caruana was Head of Risk, Fraud & Payments at Genesis Global Ltd where he was responsible for setting up and leading the risk, fraud and payments department from scratch, including Compliance Operations. Initially to handle UKGC & MGA Regulations and two brands, to further lead the department to handle 14 new brands and two new regulations, SGA and DGOJ. He was also responsible for the Cashier/Payments Product, including strategy and commercials. During his career, Mr. Borg Caruana has worked in Operational Leadership Roles at Betclic, a French online gaming company based in Malta and Betsson AB an online sports betting and iCasino operator headquartered in Sweden.

Andrew Micallef joined Ellmount Entertainment Ltd. as Chief Product Officer in September 2022. Mr. Micallef has extensive experience in product strategy, launching of online casinos and sportsbook brands in different jurisdictions, which he managed during his time as Head of Product with Genesis Global Limited. He also played a key role in product innovation and analytics. Prior to that Mr. Micallef led the product development team at Gaming Innovation Group, or GiG, for white label clients, unifying one casino portal for the use of many. Mr. Micallef was also part of Betsson, leading the product development team for two high revenue generating brands. During his career Mr. Micallef worked closely with Commercial and Operational teams, gaining a wide range of skills and knowledge, particularly in relation to risk, fraud and payments, acquisition, and retention. Before entering the iGaming industry, Mr. Micallef commenced his career as a developer with a software house and progressed to product and project manager. During this period Mr. Micallef worked on software systems for clients within the healthcare, telecommunications, and banking industries, including London’s NHS and Vodafone.

Isaac Sant joined Ellmount Entertainment Ltd. as Chief Technology Officer in June 2022. He holds a wide range of professional experience in software for the online gaming industry, ranging from affiliation, Infrastructure, Platform and Front-end development. Prior to joining us he worked as a Chief Technology Officer for MasterPiece Gaming Limited, a retail and venture subsidiary of the German media group ProSiebenSat. Mr. Sant was responsible for several key strategic initiatives and product functionalities across all online channels. Additionally, he led and gave full input on development techniques and system design to internal and external project stakeholders. Previously he occupied a similar executive role at Wetten.com where he was responsible for the creation and launch of the Technology Department.

Directors

Kristen Britt has served as one of our directors since May 2022. She has since 2022 been Vice President of People and Culture at Aristocrat Technologies, Inc. and was Vice President of Human Resources at Hard Rock Digital from July 2021 to November 2021. She has been employed at Churchill Downs Incorporated and related or affiliated companies in various management positions since 2005, most recently as Vice President of Human Resources from 2018 to 2021 and Senior Director of Human Resources from 2016 to 2018. She received her MBA from Indiana University and a Bachelor of Science- Business Management from Western Kentucky University. We believe that Ms. Britt’s extensive experience in senior human resources management roles in the gaming industry and managing direct employees make her a valuable member of our board of directors.

Daniel Bradtke has been one of our directors since April 2023 and since 2020 has been a co-founder and officer of Happy Hour Entertainment Holdings Ltd., a seed fund and early-stage accelerator for iGaming. We believe that Mr. Bradtke’s extensive experience in senior management roles at iGaming companies, his broad knowledge of all aspects of iCasino operations, marketing, finance and industry trends, make him well qualified to be a member of our board of directors.

Jonas Martensson has been one of our directors since June 2023. Mr. Martensson has substantial board level experience in a number of important verticals for XLMedia in addition to both corporate and capital markets exposure across the Nordics. He is currently CEO of Mojang AB, a Swedish video game developer and publisher acquired by Microsoft in 2014. Mojang is best known for creating the popular independent game, Minecraft and continues to update and support the game across multiple platforms. Previously, Mr. Martensson founded betting operator Mobilbet.com, which was sold in 2016. Prior to this, Mr. Martensson held senior roles at Betsson, latterly in Betsson Technologies AB, as Head of Mobile responsible for strategy and execution of all mobile activities across the 28 group brands. We believe that Mr. Martensson’s extensive experience as an entrepreneur and in senior management roles at gaming companies, his broad knowledge of all aspects of mobile, betting and other iGaming operations, marketing, finance and industry trends, make him well qualified to be a member of our board of directors.

David Weild IV has served as an adviser to the Company since September 2022 and has agreed to serve on our board of directors as an independent director following completion of this offering. He is the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Weild & Co., Inc., founded in 2012, and parent company of the investment banking firm Weild Capital, LLC. Prior to Weild & Co., Mr. Weild was vice chairman at Nasdaq, president of PrudentialFinancial.com and head of corporate finance and equity capital markets at Prudential Securities, Inc. Mr. Weild holds an M.B.A. from the Stern School of Business and a B.A. from Wesleyan University. Mr. Weild has served as a director of BioSig Technologies, Inc. since May 2015 and currently also serves on the boards of Scopus BioPharma and INX, LTD and previously served on the board of PAVmed. From September 2010 to June 2011, Mr. Weild served on the board of Helium.com, until it was acquired by R.R. Donnelly & Sons Co. Since 2003, Mr. Weild was a director and then chairman of the board of the 9-11 charity Tuesday’s Children. He became chairman emeritus in late 2016. Mr. Weild brings extensive financial, economic, stock exchange, capital markets, and small company expertise to our Board gained throughout his career on Wall Street. He is a recognized expert in capital markets and has spoken at the White House, Congress, the SEC, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the G-20 on how market structure can be bettered to improve capital formation and economic growth. He is referred to as the “father” of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (JOBS) based on the role he played in drafting the legislation. The Act served as the foundation for securities crowdfunding, generally solicited private placements, emerging growth company IPOs, Reg. A+ offerings, Testing the Waters, and a host of other improvements to U.S. capital markets that contribute to the growth in ecosystems that spur access to capital and drive innovation. Mr. Weild’s service at Nasdaq, his recognized expertise in capital markets including extensive experience in aiding private and public company financing, his knowledge of corporate governance and service on boards of directors, including service as an audit committee chair for a Nasdaq-listed company, will make him a well-qualified member of our board of directors.

Election of Officers and Family Relationships

Our executive officers are appointed by, and serve at the discretion of, our board of directors. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or executive officers.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

Our board of directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that will apply to all of our employees, officers and directors, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and other executive and senior financial officers. The full text of our code of business conduct and ethics will be available on the investor relations page on our Corporate website. We intend to post any amendment to our code of business conduct and ethics, and any waivers of such code for directors and executive officers, on our Corporate website of business conduct and ethics, or in filings under the Exchange Act.

Board of Directors

Director Independence

In connection with this offering, we intend to list our common stock on                . We will qualify as a smaller reporting company under Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and under the rules of                , independent directors must comprise at least 50% of a listed company’s board of directors within a specified period of time after the completion of an initial public offering. In addition, the rules of                 require that, subject to specified exceptions, each member of a listed company’s audit, compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees be independent. Under the rules of                , a director will only qualify as an “independent director” if, in the opinion of that company’s board of directors, that person does not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of a director.

Audit committee members must also satisfy the independence criteria set forth in Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. In order to be considered independent for purposes of Rule 10A-3, a member of an audit committee of a listed company may not, other than in his or her capacity as a member of the audit committee, the board of directors, or any other board committee: (1) accept, directly or indirectly, any consulting, advisory, or other compensatory fee from the listed company or any of its subsidiaries; or (2) be an affiliated person of the listed company or any of its subsidiaries.

Our board of directors has undertaken a review of the independence of each director and considered whether each director has a material relationship with us that could compromise or impair such director’s ability to exercise independent judgment in carrying out his or her responsibilities. As a result of this review, our board of directors has determined that each of Kristen Britt and Jonas Martensson are, and that David Weild, upon becoming a member of our board of directors, will be “independent directors” as defined under the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and the listing requirements and rules of             .

Committees of the Board of Directors

Our board of directors has established an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating and governance committee, each of which will have the composition and responsibilities described below. Our board of directors will appoint a chair of each committee upon its establishment. Members will serve on these committees until their resignation or as otherwise determined by our board of directors.

Audit Committee

David Weild Kristen Britt and Jonas Martensson, each of whom is or on becoming a member of our board of directors, will be a non-employee member of our board of directors, have been designated to serve on our audit committee. Our board of directors has determined that each of these persons satisfies the requirements for independence and financial literacy under the rules and regulations of              and the SEC. Our board of directors has also determined that David Weild qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined in the SEC rules, and satisfies the financial sophistication requirements of             . The audit committee will be responsible for, among other things: