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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
FORM
6-K
 
 
Report of Foreign Private Issuer
Pursuant to Rule
13a-16
or
15d-16
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the month of August 2024
Commission File Number:
001-13928
 
 
Royal Bank of Canada
(Translation of registrant’s name into English)
 
 
 
200 Bay Street    1 Place Ville Marie
Royal Bank Plaza    Montreal, Quebec
Toronto, Ontario    Canada H3B 3A9
Canada M5J 2J5    Attention: Senior Vice-President,
Attention: Senior Vice-President,    Deputy General Counsel
Deputy General Counsel    & Secretary
& Secretary   
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form
20-F
or Form
40-F.
Form
20-F ☐
   Form
40-F ☒
This report on Form
6-K,
management’s discussion and analysis and unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included in exhibit 99.2, and exhibit 99.3 hereto are incorporated by reference as exhibits into the Registration Statement on Form
F-3
(File
No. 333-275898)
and the Registration Statements on Form
S-8
(File Nos.
333-12036,
333-12050,
333-13052,
333-13112,
333-117922,
333-207754,
333-207750,
333-207748,
333-252536
and
333-268715).





Table of Contents
Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
ROYAL BANK OF CANADA
Date: August 28, 2024
 
 
By:
 
/s/ Katherine Gibson
 
 
Name:
 
Katherine Gibson
 
 
Title:
 
Interim Chief Financial Officer

Table of Contents
EXHIBIT INDEX
 
Exhibit
  
Description of Exhibit
99.1
  
Third Quarter 2024 Earnings Release
99.2
  
Third Quarter 2024 Report to Shareholders (which includes management’s discussion and analysis and unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements)
99.3
  
Return on Equity and Assets Ratios
  
Rule
13a-14(a)/15d-14(a)
Certifications
31.1
  
- Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer
31.2
  
- Certification of the Registrant’s Interim Chief Financial Officer
101
  
Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL)
104
  
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

Table of Contents
   Exhibit 99.1
LOGO   

THIRD QUARTER 2024

EARNINGS RELEASE

 

 ROYAL BANK OF CANADA REPORTS THIRD QUARTER 2024 RESULTS

All amounts are in Canadian dollars and are based on financial statements presented in compliance with International Accounting Standard 34 Interim Financial Reporting, unless otherwise noted. Effective November 1, 2023, we adopted IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts (IFRS 17). Comparative amounts have been restated from those previously presented. Our Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders and Supplementary Financial Information are available at http://www.rbc.com/investorrelations and on https://www.sedarplus.com/.

 

Net income 

 

$4.5 Billion  

 

Up 16% YoY  

 

   

Diluted EPS1 

 

$3.09 

 

Up 13% YoY  

 

   

Total PCL2 

 

$659 Million  

 

PCL on loans ratio3

down 14 bps4 QoQ

 

   

ROE5  

 

15.5%  

 

Up 60 bps YoY  

   

CET1 ratio6  

 

13.0% 

 

Above regulatory 

requirements  

 

 

Adjusted net income7

 

$4.7 Billion

 

Up 18% YoY

   

Adjusted diluted EPS7

 

$3.26 

 

Up 15% YoY  

 

   

Total ACL8

 

$6.2 Billion

 

ACL on loans ratio9

up 1 bp QoQ

 

   

Adjusted ROE7  

 

16.4%  

 

Up 100 bps YoY  

   

LCR10

 

126% 

 

Down from 128% last

quarter

 

 

TORONTO, August 28, 2024 — Royal Bank of Canada11 (RY on TSX and NYSE) today reported net income of $4.5 billion for the quarter ended July 31, 2024, up $626 million or 16% from the prior year. Diluted EPS was $3.09, up 13% over the same period. Higher results in Personal & Commercial Banking, Capital Markets and Wealth Management were partially offset by lower results in Corporate Support and Insurance. The inclusion of HSBC Bank Canada (HSBC Canada) results12 increased net income by $239 million. Adjusted net income7 and adjusted diluted EPS7 of $4.7 billion and $3.26 were up 18% and 15%, respectively, from the prior year.

 

Results also reflected the impact of the specified item relating to HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs (Q3 2024: $160 million before-tax and $125 million after-tax; Q3 2023: $110 million before-tax and $84 million after-tax) and amortization of acquisition-related intangibles (Q3 2024: $154 million before-tax and $116 million after-tax; Q3 2023: $81 million before-tax and $61 million after-tax).

 

Pre-provision, pre-tax earnings7 of $6.0 billion were up $820 million or 16% from last year. The inclusion of HSBC Canada results increased pre-provision, pre-tax earnings7 by $412 million. Excluding HSBC Canada results, pre-provision, pre-tax earnings7 increased 8% from last year, mainly due to higher net interest income reflecting higher spreads and solid average volume growth in Canadian Banking. Higher fee-based revenue in Wealth Management reflecting market appreciation and net sales, as well as higher Corporate & Investment Banking revenue in Capital Markets, also contributed to the increase. These factors were partially offset by higher expenses driven by higher variable compensation on improved results and continued investments in our franchises.

 

Compared to last quarter, net income was up 14% reflecting higher results in Personal & Commercial Banking, Corporate Support and Wealth Management, partially offset by lower results in Capital Markets. Adjusted net income7 was up 13% over the same period. Pre-provision, pre-tax earnings7 were up 3% as higher revenue more than offset expense growth. The PCL on loans ratio of 27 bps decreased 14 bps from the prior quarter mainly reflecting the prior quarter’s 9 bps impact of initial PCL on performing loans purchased in the HSBC Canada transaction. The PCL on impaired loans ratio13 was 26 bps, down 4 bps from the prior quarter.

 

Our capital position remained robust, with a CET1 ratio6 of 13.0%, up 20 bps from the prior quarter. On June 10, 2024, we announced that the Toronto Stock Exchange and the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions had approved our normal course issuer bid to purchase, for cancellation, up to 30 million of our common shares. In Q3 2024, we repurchased 0.5 million shares for $73 million.

 

 

“Our Q3 results demonstrate that RBC continues to operate from a position of strategic and financial strength with solid revenue growth and momentum underpinned by a strong balance sheet, robust capital position and prudent risk management. Combined with our recently announced changes to the executive leadership team and business segments, RBC is better positioned than ever to accelerate our next phase of growth and deliver long-term value to clients, communities and shareholders.”

 

– Dave McKay, President and Chief Executive Officer of Royal Bank of Canada

 

1

Earnings per share (EPS).

2

Provision for credit losses (PCL).

3

PCL on loans ratio is calculated as PCL on loans as a percentage of average net loans and acceptances.

4

Basis points (bps).

5

Return on equity (ROE) is calculated as net income available to common shareholders divided by average common equity. For further information, refer to the Key performance and non-GAAP measures section on pages 4 to 5 of this Earnings Release.

6

This ratio is calculated by dividing Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) by risk-weighted assets (RWA), in accordance with Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions’ (OSFI) Basel III Capital Adequacy Requirements (CAR) guideline.

7

These are non-GAAP measures. For further information, including a reconciliation, refer to the Key performance and non-GAAP measures section on pages 4 to 5 of this Earnings Release.

8

Allowance for credit losses (ACL).

9

ACL on loans ratio is calculated as ACL on loans as a percentage of total loans and acceptances.

10

The liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) is calculated in accordance with OSFI’s Liquidity Adequacy Requirements (LAR) guideline. For further details, refer to the Liquidity and funding risk section of our Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders.

11

When we say “we”, “us”, “our”, “the bank” or “RBC”, we mean Royal Bank of Canada and its subsidiaries, as applicable.

12

On March 28, 2024, we completed the acquisition of HSBC Canada (HSBC Canada transaction). HSBC Canada results reflect revenue, PCL, non-interest expenses and income taxes associated with the acquired operations and clients, which include the acquired assets, assumed liabilities and employees with the exception of assets and liabilities relating to treasury and liquidity management activities. For further details, refer to the Key corporate events section of our Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders.

13

PCL on impaired loans ratio is calculated as PCL on impaired loans as a percentage of average net loans and acceptances.

 

- 1 -


 

 

Q3 2024

Compared to

Q3 2023

 

Reported:

•  Net income of $4,486 million

•  Diluted EPS of $3.09

•  ROE of 15.5%

•  CET1 ratio14 of 13.0%

 

  

h   16%

h   13%

h   60 bps

i   110 bps

 

Adjusted15:

•  Net income of $4,727 million

•  Diluted EPS of $3.26

•  ROE of 16.4%

 

 

h  18%

h   15%

h   100 bps

 

 

Q3 2024

Compared to

Q2 2024

 

•  Net income of $4,486 million

•  Diluted EPS of $3.09

•  ROE of 15.5%

•  CET1 ratio14 of 13.0%

 

h   14%

h   13%

h   100 bps

h   20 bps

 

•  Net income of $4,727 million

•  Diluted EPS of $3.26

•  ROE of 16.4%

 

h   13%

h   12%

h   90 bps

 

 

YTD 2024

Compared to

YTD 2023

 

•  Net income of $12.018 million

•  Diluted EPS of $8.34

•  ROE of 14.4%

 

h   13%

h   10%

h   30 bps

 

•  Net income of $12,991 million

•  Diluted EPS of $9.03

•  ROE of 15.6%

 

h   8%

h   6%

i   40 bps

 

 

 

 Personal & Commercial Banking

 

 

Net income of $2,490 million increased $356 million or 17% from a year ago. The inclusion of HSBC Canada results increased net income by $198 million. Excluding HSBC Canada results, net income increased $158 million or 7%, primarily driven by higher net interest income reflecting higher spreads and average volume growth of 10% in deposits and 6% in loans in Canadian Banking, partially offset by higher PCL.

 

Compared to last quarter, net income increased $439 million or 21%. The inclusion of HSBC Canada results increased net income by $259 million, as the current quarter includes a full quarter of net income and the prior quarter reflected the initial PCL on the performing loans purchased in the HSBC Canada transaction. Excluding HSBC Canada results, net income increased $180 million or 9%, primarily driven by higher net interest income reflecting average volume growth of 2% in Canadian Banking, the impact of two more days in the current quarter and higher spreads in Canadian Banking. These factors were partially offset by higher staff-related costs.

 

 Wealth Management

 

 

Net income of $862 million increased $199 million or 30% from a year ago, mainly due to higher fee-based client assets reflecting market appreciation and net sales, which also drove higher variable compensation. Higher transactional revenue and lower PCL also contributed to the increase. The prior year also included the gain on the sale of RBC Investor Services operations.

 

Compared to last quarter, net income increased $93 million or 12%, primarily due to higher fee-based client assets reflecting market appreciation, which also drove higher variable compensation.

 

 Insurance

 

 

Net income of $170 million decreased $45 million or 21% from a year ago, largely due to lower insurance investment result from lower favourable investment-related experience, partially offset by lower capital funding costs. This was partially offset by higher insurance service result, largely attributable to improved claims experience in life retrocession and business growth across the majority of our products. The results in the prior period are not fully comparable as we were not managing our asset and liability portfolios under IFRS 17.

 

Compared to last quarter, net income decreased $7 million or 4%, largely due to lower insurance investment result from lower favourable investment-related experience. This factor was largely offset by higher insurance service result, mainly due to business growth across the majority of our products.

 

 Capital Markets

 

 

Net income of $1,172 million increased $223 million or 23% from a year ago, primarily driven by higher revenue in Corporate & Investment Banking, primarily due to higher municipal banking activity, higher loan syndication activity in the U.S., higher debt origination in North America and the impact of foreign exchange translation. Lower PCL also contributed to the increase. These factors were partially offset by higher taxes reflecting changes in earnings mix and higher compensation on increased results.

 

Compared to last quarter, net income decreased $90 million or 7% from record levels, mainly due to lower M&A activity in the U.S., partially offset by lower PCL on impaired loans in a few sectors.

 

14

This ratio is calculated by dividing CET1 by RWA, in accordance with OSFI’s Basel III CAR guideline.

15

These are non-GAAP measures. For further information, including a reconciliation, refer to the Key performance and non-GAAP measures section on pages 4 to 5 of this Earnings Release.

 

- 2 -


 Corporate Support

 

 

Net loss was $208 million for the current quarter, primarily due to the after-tax impact of the HSBC Canada transaction and integration

costs of $125 million, which is treated as a specified item. Unallocated costs also contributed to the net loss.

 

Net loss was $309 million in the prior quarter, primarily due to the after-tax impact of the HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs of $282 million, partially offset by the after-tax impact of management of closing capital volatility related to the HSBC Canada transaction of $112 million, both of which are treated as specified items. Unallocated costs also contributed to the net loss.

 

Net loss was $101 million in the prior year, primarily due to the after-tax impact of the HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs of $84 million, which is treated as a specified item.

 

 Capital, Liquidity and Credit Quality

 

 

Capital – As at July 31, 2024, our CET1 ratio16 was 13.0%, up 20 bps from last quarter, mainly reflecting net internal capital generation, partially offset by RWA growth (excluding FX).

 

Liquidity – For the quarter ended July 31, 2024, the average LCR17 was 126%, which translates into a surplus of approximately $81 billion, compared to 128% and a surplus of approximately $83 billion in the prior quarter. Average LCR17 remained relatively stable from the prior quarter reflecting loan growth and an increase in on-balance sheet securities, largely offset by growth in retail deposits.

 

The Net Stable Funding Ratio18 (NSFR) as at July 31, 2024 was 114%, which translates into a surplus of approximately $136 billion, compared to 111% and a surplus of approximately $105 billion in the prior quarter. NSFR increased compared to the previous quarter, mainly due to higher available stable funding driven by an increase in the weighted value of retail deposits and wholesale funding.

 

Credit Quality

Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023

Total PCL of $659 million increased $43 million or 7% from a year ago, mainly reflecting higher provisions in Personal & Commercial Banking, partially offset by lower provisions in Capital Markets and Wealth Management. The PCL on loans ratio of 27 bps decreased 2 bps. The PCL on impaired loans ratio of 26 bps increased 3 bps.

 

PCL on performing loans of $42 million decreased $78 million or 65%, mainly due to favourable changes to our scenario weights, partially offset by unfavourable changes to our macroeconomic forecast and credit quality.

 

PCL on impaired loans of $623 million increased $124 million or 25%, mainly due to higher provisions in our Canadian Banking portfolios, partially offset by lower provisions in Capital Markets.

 

Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024

Total PCL decreased $261 million or 28% from last quarter, primarily reflecting lower provisions in Personal & Commercial Banking and Capital Markets. The PCL on loans ratio decreased 14 bps. The PCL on impaired loans ratio decreased 4 bps.

 

PCL on performing loans decreased $202 million or 83%, mainly reflecting higher provisions in the prior quarter driven by the initial PCL on performing loans purchased in the HSBC Canada transaction.

 

PCL on impaired loans decreased $49 million or 7%, mainly due to lower provisions in Capital Markets and Wealth Management, partially offset by higher provisions in our Canadian Banking commercial portfolio in a few sectors, including the real estate and related sector.

 

16

This ratio is calculated by dividing CET1 by RWA, in accordance with OSFI’s Basel III CAR guideline.

17

The LCR is calculated in accordance with OSFI’s LAR guideline. For further details, refer to the Liquidity and funding risk section of our Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders.

18

The NSFR is calculated in accordance with OSFI’s LAR guideline. For further details, refer to the Liquidity and funding risk section of our Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders.

 

- 3 -


 Key Performance and Non-GAAP Measures

 

 

Performance measures

We measure and evaluate the performance of our consolidated operations and each business segment using a number of financial metrics, such as net income and ROE. Certain financial metrics, including ROE, do not have a standardized meaning under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other financial institutions.

 

Non-GAAP measures

We believe that certain non-GAAP measures (including non-GAAP ratios) are more reflective of our ongoing operating results and provide readers with a better understanding of management’s perspective on our performance. These measures enhance the comparability of our financial performance for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024 with the corresponding periods in the prior year and the three months ended April 30, 2024. Non-GAAP measures do not have a standardized meaning under GAAP and may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other financial institutions.

 

The following discussion describes the non-GAAP measures we use in evaluating our operating results.

 

Pre-provision, pre-tax earnings

We use pre-provision, pre-tax earnings to assess our ability to generate sustained earnings growth outside of credit losses, which are impacted by the cyclical nature of the credit cycle. The following table provides a reconciliation of our reported results to pre-provision, pre-tax earnings and illustrates the calculation of pre-provision, pre-tax earnings presented:

 

      For the three months ended       For the nine months ended   
     July 31      April 30      July 31       July 31      July 31    
(Millions of Canadian dollars)    2024      2024      2023 (1)        2024      2023 (1)    

Net income

    $ 4,486      $ 3,950      $ 3,860        $ 12,018      $ 10,673    

Add: Income taxes

     887        976        736         2,629        3,604    

Add: PCL

     659        920        616         2,392        1,748    

Pre-provision, pre-tax earnings (2)

    $    6,032      $    5,846      $    5,212        $   17,039      $   16,025    
(1)

Prior period amounts have been restated from those previously presented as part of the adoption of IFRS 17, effective November 1, 2023. Refer to Note 2 of our Condensed Financial Statements for further details on these changes.

(2)

For the three months ended July 31, 2024, pre-provision, pre-tax earnings excluding HSBC Canada results of $5,620 million is calculated as pre-provision, pre-tax earnings of $6,032 million less net income of $239 million, income taxes of $90 million, and PCL of $83 million.

 

Adjusted results

We believe that providing adjusted results as well as certain measures and ratios excluding the impact of the specified items discussed below and amortization of acquisition-related intangibles enhances comparability with prior periods and enables readers to better assess trends in the underlying businesses.

 

Our results for all reported periods were adjusted for the following specified item:

•   HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs.

 

Our results for the nine months ended July 31, 2024 and the three months ended April 30, 2024 were adjusted for the following specified item:

•   Management of closing capital volatility related to the HSBC Canada transaction. For further details, refer to the Key corporate events section of our Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders.

 

Our results for the nine months ended July 31, 2023 were adjusted for the following specified item:

•   Canada Recovery Dividend (CRD) and other tax related adjustments: reflects the impact of the CRD and the 1.5% increase in the Canadian corporate tax rate applicable to fiscal 2022, net of deferred tax adjustments, which were announced in the Government of Canada’s 2022 budget and enacted in the first quarter of 2023.

 

- 4 -


The following table provides a reconciliation of our reported results to our adjusted results and illustrates the calculation of adjusted measures presented. The adjusted results and measures presented below are non-GAAP measures or ratios.

 

Consolidated results, reported and adjusted                                           
    

As at or for the three months ended

          As at or for the nine months ended  

(Millions of Canadian dollars,

except per share, number of and percentage amounts)

  

July 31

2024

    

April 30

2024

   

July 31

2023 (1)

          

July 31

2024

    

July 31 

2023 (1) 

 Total revenue

   $ 14,631      $ 14,154     $ 12,977         $ 42,270      $ 38,779  

 PCL

     659        920       616           2,392        1,748  

 Non-interest expense

     8,599        8,308       7,765           25,231        22,754  

 Income before income taxes

     5,373        4,926       4,596           14,647        14,277  

 Income taxes

     887        976       736           2,629        3,604  

Net income

   $ 4,486      $ 3,950     $ 3,860         $ 12,018      $ 10,673  

Net income available to common shareholders

   $ 4,377      $ 3,881     $ 3,800           $ 11,780      $ 10,499  

Average number of common shares (thousands)

     1,414,194        1,412,651       1,393,515           1,411,044        1,388,217  

Basic earnings per share (in dollars)

   $ 3.09      $ 2.75     $ 2.73           $ 8.35      $ 7.56  

Average number of diluted common shares (thousands)

     1,416,149        1,414,166       1,394,939           1,412,644        1,389,857  

Diluted earnings per share (in dollars)

   $ 3.09      $ 2.74     $ 2.73           $ 8.34      $ 7.55  

ROE (2)

     15.5%      14.5%     14.9%         14.4%      14.1%

Effective income tax rate

     16.5%      19.8%     16.0%           17.9%      25.2%

Total adjusting items impacting net income (before-tax)

   $ 314      $ 309     $ 191         $ 1,254      $ 426  

Specified item: HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs (3), (4)

     160        358       110           783        177  

Specified item: Management of closing capital volatility related to the

                

HSBC Canada transaction (3), (5)

     -        (155 )      -           131        -  

Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles (6)

     154        106       81             340        249  

Total income taxes for adjusting items impacting net income

   $ 73      $ 61     $ 46         $ 281      $ (957 ) 

Specified item: HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs (3)

     35        76       26           158        42  

Specified item: Management of closing capital volatility related to the

                

HSBC Canada transaction (3), (5)

     -        (43 )      -           36        -  

Specified item: CRD and other tax related adjustments (3), (7)

     -        -       -           -        (1,050 ) 

Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles (6)

     38        28       20             87        51  

Adjusted results (8)

                

Income before income taxes - adjusted

   $ 5,687      $ 5,235     $ 4,787         $ 15,901      $ 14,703  

Income taxes - adjusted

     960        1,037       782           2,910        2,647  

Net income - adjusted

     4,727        4,198       4,005           12,991        12,056  

Net income available to common shareholders - adjusted

     4,618        4,129       3,945             12,753        11,882  

Average number of common shares (thousands)

      1,414,194         1,412,651        1,393,515            1,411,044         1,388,217  

Basic earnings per share (in dollars) - adjusted (8)

   $ 3.26      $ 2.92     $ 2.83           $ 9.04      $ 8.56  

Average number of diluted common shares (thousands)

     1,416,149        1,414,166       1,394,939           1,412,644        1,389,857  

Diluted earnings per share (in dollars) - adjusted (8)

   $ 3.26      $ 2.92     $ 2.83           $ 9.03      $ 8.55  

ROE - adjusted (8)

     16.4%      15.5%     15.4%         15.6%      16.0%

Effective income tax rate - adjusted (8)

     16.9%      19.8%     16.3%           18.3%      18.0%

 

(1)

Amounts have been restated from those previously presented as part of the adoption of IFRS 17, effective November 1, 2023. Refer to Note 2 of our Condensed Financial Statements for further details on these changes.

(2)

ROE is calculated as net income available to common shareholders divided by average common equity. ROE is based on actual balances of average common equity before rounding.

(3)

These amounts have been recognized in Corporate Support.

(4)

As at July 31, 2024, the cumulative HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs (before-tax) incurred were $1.2 billion and it is currently estimated that an additional $0.3 billion will be incurred, for a total of approximately $1.5 billion.

(5)

For the nine months ended July 31, 2024 and the three months ended April 30, 2024, we included management of closing capital volatility related to the HSBC Canada transaction as a specified item for non-GAAP measures and non-GAAP ratios. For further details, refer to the Key corporate events section of our Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders.

(6)

Represents the impact of amortization of acquisition-related intangibles (excluding amortization of software), and any goodwill impairment.

(7)

The impact of the CRD and other tax related adjustments does not include $0.2 billion recognized in other comprehensive income.

(8)

See the Glossary section of our interim Management’s Discussion and Analysis dated August 27, 2024, for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024, available at https://www.sedarplus.com/, for an explanation of the composition of these measures. Such explanation is incorporated by reference hereto.

 

Additional information about ROE and other key performance and non-GAAP measures and ratios can be found under the Key performance and non-GAAP measures section of our Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders.

 

- 5 -


 CAUTION REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

From time to time, we make written or oral forward-looking statements within the meaning of certain securities laws, including the “safe harbour” provisions of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and any applicable Canadian securities legislation. We may make forward-looking statements in this document, in other filings with Canadian regulators or the SEC, in reports to shareholders, and in other communications. In addition, our representatives may communicate forward-looking statements orally to analysts, investors, the media and others. Forward-looking statements in this document include, but are not limited to, statements relating to our financial performance objectives, vision and strategic goals and the expected impacts of the HSBC Canada transaction, including transaction and integration costs, and includes statements made by our President and Chief Executive Officer. The forward-looking statements contained in this document represent the views of management and are presented for the purpose of assisting the holders of our securities and financial analysts in understanding our financial position and results of operations as at and for the periods ended on the dates presented, as well as our financial performance objectives, vision, strategic goals and priorities and anticipated financial performance, and may not be appropriate for other purposes. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as “believe”, “expect”, “suggest”, “seek”, “foresee”, “forecast”, “schedule”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “estimate”, “goal”, “commit”, “target”, “objective”, “plan”, “outlook”, “timeline” and “project” and similar expressions of future or conditional verbs such as “will”, “may”, “might”, “should”, “could”, “can” or “would” or negative or grammatical variations thereof.

By their very nature, forward-looking statements require us to make assumptions and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties, both general and specific in nature, which give rise to the possibility that our predictions, forecasts, projections, expectations or conclusions will not prove to be accurate, that our assumptions may not be correct, that our financial performance, environmental & social or other objectives, vision and strategic goals will not be achieved and that our actual results may differ materially from such predictions, forecasts, projections, expectations or conclusions.

We caution readers not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements as a number of risk factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements. These factors – many of which are beyond our control and the effects of which can be difficult to predict – include, but are not limited to: credit, market, liquidity and funding, insurance, operational, regulatory compliance (which could lead to us being subject to various legal and regulatory proceedings, the potential outcome of which could include regulatory restrictions, penalties and fines), strategic, reputation, legal and regulatory environment, competitive, model, systemic risks and other risks discussed in the risk sections of our 2023 Annual Report and the Risk management section of our Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders, including business and economic conditions in the geographic regions in which we operate, Canadian housing and household indebtedness, information technology, cyber and third-party risks, geopolitical uncertainty, environmental and social risk (including climate change), digital disruption and innovation, privacy and data related risks, regulatory changes, culture and conduct risks, the effects of changes in government fiscal, monetary and other policies, tax risk and transparency, and our ability to anticipate and successfully manage risks arising from all of the foregoing factors. Additional factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations in such forward-looking statements can be found in the risk sections of our 2023 Annual Report and the Risk management section of our Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders, as may be updated by subsequent quarterly reports.

We caution that the foregoing list of risk factors is not exhaustive and other factors could also adversely affect our results. When relying on our forward-looking statements to make decisions with respect to us, investors and others should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other uncertainties and potential events, as well as the inherent uncertainty of forward-looking statements. Material economic assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained in this document are set out in the Economic, market and regulatory review and outlook section and for each business segment under the Strategic priorities and Outlook sections in our 2023 Annual Report, as updated by the Economic, market and regulatory review and outlook section of our Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders. Such sections may be updated by subsequent quarterly reports. Assumptions about costs related to post-close consolidation and integration activities were considered in the estimation of transaction and integration costs. Except as required by law, we do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time by us or on our behalf.

Additional information about these and other factors can be found in the risk sections of our 2023 Annual Report and the Risk management section of our Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders, as may be updated by subsequent quarterly reports. Information contained in or otherwise accessible through the websites mentioned does not form part of this document. All references in this document to websites are inactive textual references and are for your information only.

 

ACCESS TO QUARTERLY RESULTS MATERIALS

Interested investors, the media and others may review this quarterly Earnings Release, quarterly results slides, supplementary financial information and our Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders at rbc.com/investorrelations.

 

Quarterly conference call and webcast presentation

Our quarterly conference call is scheduled for August 28, 2024 at 8:00 a.m. (EST) and will feature a presentation about our third quarter results by RBC executives. It will be followed by a question and answer period with analysts. Interested parties can access the call live on a listen-only basis at rbc.com/investorrelations/quarterly-financial-statements.html or by telephone (416-340-2217 or 866-696-5910, passcode 3369122#). Please call between 7:50 a.m. and 7:55 a.m. (EST).

 

Management’s comments on results will be posted on our website shortly following the call. A recording will be available by 5:00 p.m. (EST) from August 28, 2024 until December 3, 2024 at rbc.com/investorrelations/quarterly-financial-statements.html or by telephone (905-694-9451 or 800-408-3053, passcode 3148244#).

 

Media Relations Contacts

Gillian McArdle, Vice President, Corporate Communications, gillian.mcardle@rbccm.com, 416-842-4231

Fiona McLean, Director, Financial Communications, fiona.mclean@rbc.com, 437-778-3506

 

Investor Relations Contacts

Asim Imran, Senior Vice President, Head of Investor Relations, asim.imran@rbc.com, 416-955-7804

Marco Giurleo, Senior Director, Investor Relations, marco.giurleo@rbc.com, 437-239-5374

 

ABOUT RBC

Royal Bank of Canada is a global financial institution with a purpose-driven, principles-led approach to delivering leading performance. Our success comes from the 100,000+ employees who leverage their imaginations and insights to bring our vision, values and strategy to life so we can help our clients thrive and communities prosper. As Canada’s biggest bank and one of the largest in the world, based on market capitalization, we have a diversified business model with a focus on innovation and providing exceptional experiences to our more than 18 million clients in Canada, the U.S. and 27 other countries. Learn more at rbc.com.

 

We are proud to support a broad range of community initiatives through donations, community investments and employee volunteer activities. See how at rbc.com/community-social-impact.

 

® Registered Trademarks of Royal Bank of Canada.

 

 

                                     

 

 

- 6 -

EX-99.2
Exhibit 99.2
 
 
Royal Bank of Canada third quarter 2024 results
 
 
 
All amounts are in Canadian dollars and are based on financial statements presented in compliance with International Accounting Standard 34
Interim Financial Reporting
, unless otherwise noted. Effective November 1, 2023, we adopted IFRS 17
Insurance Contracts
(IFRS 17). Comparative amounts have been restated from those previously presented. Our Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders and Supplementary Financial Information are available at http://www.rbc.com/investorrelations and on https://www.sedarplus.com/.
 
 
Net income
$4.5 Billion
Up 16% YoY
 
    
 
Diluted EPS
1
$3.09
Up 13% YoY
 
   
 
 
 
Total PCL
1
$659 Million
PCL on loans ratio
1
down 14 bps
1
QoQ
 
   
 
 
 
ROE
1, 2
15.5%
Up 60 bps YoY
 
   
 
 
CET1 ratio
1
13.0%
Above regulatory
requirements
 
                
 
 
Adjusted
net income
3
$4.7 Billion
Up 18% YoY
 
    
 
 
Adjusted
diluted EPS
3
$3.26
Up 15% YoY
 
   
 
 
Total ACL
1
$6.2 Billion
ACL on loans ratio
1
up 1 bp QoQ
 
   
 
 
Adjusted ROE
3
16.4%
Up 100 bps YoY
 
   
 
 
LCR
1
126%
Down from 128%
last
quarter
 
TORONTO, August
 28, 2024
– Royal Bank of Canada
4
(RY on TSX and NYSE) today reported net income of $4.5 billion for the quarter ended July 31, 2024, up $626 million or 16% from the prior year. Diluted EPS was $3.09, up 13% over the same period. Higher results in Personal & Commercial Banking, Capital Markets and Wealth Management were partially offset by lower results in Corporate Support and Insurance. The inclusion of HSBC Bank Canada (HSBC Canada) results
5
increased net income by $239 million. Adjusted net income
3
and adjusted diluted EPS
3
of $4.7 billion and $3.26 were up 18% and 15%, respectively, from the prior year.
Results also reflected the impact of the specified item relating to HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs (Q3 2024: $160 million before-tax and $125 million after-tax; Q3 2023: $110 million before-tax and $84 million after-tax) and amortization of acquisition-related intangibles (Q3 2024: $154 million before-tax and $116 million after-tax; Q3 2023: $81 million before-tax and $61 million after-tax).
Pre-provision, pre-tax earnings
6
of $6.0 billion were up $820 million or 16% from last year. The inclusion of HSBC Canada results increased pre-provision, pre-tax earnings
6
by $412 million. Excluding HSBC Canada results, pre-provision, pre-tax earnings
6
increased 8% from last year, mainly due to higher net interest income reflecting higher spreads and solid average volume growth in Canadian Banking. Higher fee-based revenue in Wealth Management reflecting market appreciation and net sales, as well as higher Corporate & Investment Banking revenue in Capital Markets, also contributed to the increase. These factors were partially offset by higher expenses driven by higher variable compensation on improved results and continued investments in our franchises.
Compared to last quarter, net income was up 14% reflecting higher results in Personal & Commercial Banking, Corporate Support and Wealth Management, partially offset by lower results in Capital Markets. Adjusted net income
3
was up 13% over the same period.
Pre-provision,
pre-tax
earnings
6
were up 3% as higher revenue more than offset expense growth. The PCL on loans ratio of 27 bps decreased 14 bps from the prior quarter mainly reflecting the prior quarter’s 9 bps impact of initial PCL on performing loans purchased in the HSBC Canada transaction. The PCL on impaired loans ratio was 26 bps, down 4 bps from the prior quarter.
Our capital position remained robust, with a CET1 ratio of 13.0%, up 20 bps from the prior quarter. On June 10, 2024, we announced that the Toronto Stock Exchange and the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions had approved our normal course issuer bid to purchase, for cancellation, up to 30 million of our common shares. In Q3 2024, we repurchased 0.5 million shares for $73 million.
 
 
“Our Q3 results demonstrate that RBC continues to operate from a position of strategic and financial strength with solid revenue growth and momentum underpinned by a strong balance sheet, robust capital position and prudent risk management. Combined with our recently announced changes to the executive leadership team and business segments, RBC is better positioned than ever to accelerate our next phase of growth and deliver long-term value to clients, communities and shareholders.
”
– Dave McKay, President and Chief Executive Officer of Royal Bank of Canada
 
 
     
 
Q3 2024
Compared to
Q3 2023
 
 
   

Reported:
•   Net income of $4,486 million
•   Diluted EPS of $3.09
•   ROE of 15.5%
•   CET1 ratio of 13.0%
 

 
h
  16%
h
  13%
h
  60 bps
i
  
110 bps
 
 

Adjusted
3
:
•   Net income of $4,727 million
•   Diluted EPS of $3.26
•   ROE of 16.4%
 

 
h
  18%
h
  15%
h
  100 bps
             
       
 
Q3 2024
Compared to
Q2 2024
 
 
   
•   Net income of $4,486 million
•   Diluted EPS
of $3.09
•   ROE of 15.5%
•   CET1 ratio of 13.0%
 
h
  14%
h
  13%
h
  100 bps
h
  20 bps
 
 
•   Net income of $4,727 million
•   Diluted EPS
of $3.26
•   ROE of 16.4%
 
 
h
  13%
h
  12%
h
  90 bps
 
             
       
 
YTD 2024
Compared to
YTD 2023
 
 
   
•   Net income of $12,018 million
•   Diluted EPS of $8.34
•   ROE of 14.4%
 
 
h
  13%
h
  10%
h
  30 bps
 
 
•   Net income of $12,991 million
•   Diluted EPS
of $9.03
•   ROE of 15.6%
 
 
h
  8%
h
  6%
i
  40 bps
 
             
 
(1)
See Glossary section of this Q3 2024
Report to Shareholders for composition of these measures.
(2)
Return on equity (ROE). This measure does not have a standardized meaning under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). For further information, refer to the Key performance and
non-GAAP
measures section of this Q3 2024
Report to Shareholders.
(3)
These are
non-GAAP
measures. For further information, including a reconciliation, refer to the Key performance and
non-GAAP
measures section of this Q3 2024
Report to Shareholders.
(4)
When we say “we”, “us”, “our”, “the bank” or “RBC”, we mean Royal Bank of Canada and its subsidiaries, as applicable.
(5)
On March 28, 2024, we completed the acquisition of HSBC Canada (HSBC Canada transaction). HSBC Canada results reflect revenue, PCL,
non-interest
expenses and income taxes associated with the acquired operations and clients, which include the acquired assets, assumed liabilities and employees with the exception of assets and liabilities relating to treasury and liquidity management activities. For further details, refer to the Key corporate events section of this Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders.
(6)
Pre-provision,
pre-tax
(PPPT) earnings is calculated as income (July 31, 2024: $4,486 million; April 30, 2024: $3,950 million; July 31, 2023: $3,860 million) before income taxes (July 31, 2024: $887 million; April 30, 2024: $976 million; July 31, 2023: $736 million) and PCL (July 31, 2024: $659 million; April 30, 2024: $920 million; July 31, 2023: $616 million). For the three months ended July 31, 2024, pre-provision, pre-tax earnings excluding HSBC Canada results of $5,620 million is calculated as pre-provision, pre-tax earnings of $6,032 million less net income of $239 million, income taxes of $90 million, and PCL of $83 million. This is a
non-GAAP
measure. PPPT earnings do not have a standardized meaning under GAAP and may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other financial institutions. We use PPPT earnings to assess our ability to generate sustained earnings growth outside of credit losses, which are impacted by the cyclical nature of a credit cycle. We believe that certain
non-GAAP
measures are more reflective of our ongoing operating results and provide readers with a better understanding of management’s perspective on our performance.

Table of Contents
2   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
 
Table of contents
 
1
 
2
 
2
 
3
 
  3   About Royal Bank of Canada
  4   Selected financial and other highlights
  5   Economic, market and regulatory review and outlook
7
 
8
 
  8   Overview
12
 
  12   How we measure and report our business segments
  13   Key performance and non-GAAP measures
  16   Personal & Commercial Banking
  18   Wealth Management
  20   Insurance
  21   Capital Markets
  22   Corporate Support
23
 
24
 
  24   Condensed balance sheets
  25   Off-balance sheet arrangements
25
 
  25   Credit risk
  29   Market risk
  33   Liquidity and funding risk
41
 
47
 
  47   Summary of accounting policies and estimates
  47   Changes in accounting policies and disclosures
  48   Controls and procedures
48
 
49
 
52
 
53
  (unaudited)
59
  (unaudited)
87
 
 
 
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis
 
Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) is provided to enable a reader to assess our results of operations and financial condition for the three and nine month periods ended or as at July 31, 2024, compared to the corresponding periods in the prior fiscal year and the three month period ended April 30, 2024. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with our unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the quarter ended July 31, 2024 (Condensed Financial Statements) and related notes and our 2023 Annual Report. This MD&A is dated August 27, 2024. All amounts are in Canadian dollars, unless otherwise specified, and are based on financial statements presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), unless otherwise noted.
Additional information about us, including our 2023 Annual Information Form, is available free of charge on our website at rbc.com/investorrelations, on the Canadian Securities Administrators’ website, SEDAR+, at sedarplus.com and on the EDGAR section of the United States (U.S.) Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) website at sec.gov.
Information contained in or otherwise accessible through the websites mentioned herein does not form part of this report. All references in this report to websites are inactive textual references and are for your information only.
 
Caution regarding forward-looking statements
 
From time to time, we make written or oral forward-looking statements within the meaning of certain securities laws, including the “safe harbour” provisions of the
United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
and any applicable Canadian securities legislation. We may make forward-looking statements in this Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders, in other filings with Canadian regulators or the SEC, in other reports to shareholders, and in other communications. In addition, our representatives may communicate forward-looking statements orally to analysts, investors, the media and others. Forward-looking statements in this document include, but are not limited to, statements relating to our financial performance objectives, vision and strategic goals, the economic, market, and regulatory review and outlook for Canadian, U.S., United Kingdom (U.K.), European and global economies, the regulatory environment in which we operate, the expected impacts of the HSBC Bank Canada transaction, including transaction and integration costs, the risk environment including our credit risk, market risk, liquidity and funding risk, as well as the effectiveness of our risk monitoring, and includes statements made by our President and Chief Executive Officer and other members of management. The forward-looking statements contained in this document represent the views of management and are presented for the purpose of assisting the holders of our securities and financial analysts in understanding our financial position and results of operations as at and for the periods ended on the dates presented, as well as our financial performance objectives, vision, strategic goals and priorities and anticipated financial performance, and may not be appropriate for other purposes. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as “believe”, “expect”, “suggest”, “seek”, “foresee”, “forecast”, “schedule”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “estimate”, “goal”, “commit”, “target”, “objective”, “plan”, “outlook”, “timeline” and “project” and similar expressions of future or conditional verbs such as “will”, “may”, “might”, “should”, “could”, “can”, “would” or negative or grammatical variations thereof.
By their very nature, forward-looking statements require us to make assumptions and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties, both general and specific in nature, which give rise to the possibility that our predictions, forecasts, projections, expectations or conclusions will not prove to be accurate, that our assumptions may not be correct, that our financial performance, environmental & social or other objectives, vision and strategic goals will not be achieved and that our actual results may differ materially from such predictions, forecasts, projections, expectations or conclusions.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   3
 
We caution readers not to place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements as a number of risk factors could cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations expressed in such forward-looking statements. These factors – many of which are beyond our control and the effects of which can be difficult to predict – include, but are not limited to: credit, market, liquidity and funding, insurance, operational, regulatory compliance (which could lead to us being subject to various legal and regulatory proceedings, the potential outcome of which could include regulatory restrictions, penalties and fines), strategic, reputation, legal and regulatory environment, competitive, model, systemic risks and other risks discussed in the risk sections of our 2023 Annual Report and the Risk management section of this Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders, including business and economic conditions in the geographic regions in which we operate, Canadian housing and household indebtedness, information technology, cyber and third-party risks, geopolitical uncertainty, environmental and social risk (including climate change), digital disruption and innovation, privacy and data related risks, regulatory changes, culture and conduct risks, the effects of changes in government fiscal, monetary and other policies, tax risk and transparency, and our ability to anticipate and successfully manage risks arising from all of the foregoing factors. Additional factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations in such forward-looking statements can be found in the risk sections of our 2023 Annual Report and the Risk management section of this Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders, as may be updated by subsequent quarterly reports.
We caution that the foregoing list of risk factors is not exhaustive and other factors could also adversely affect our results. When relying on our forward-looking statements to make decisions with respect to us, investors and others should carefully consider the foregoing factors and other uncertainties and potential events, as well as the inherent uncertainty of forward-looking statements. Material economic assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained in this Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders are set out in the Economic, market and regulatory review and outlook section and for each business segment under the Strategic priorities and Outlook sections in our 2023 Annual Report, as updated by the Economic, market and regulatory review and outlook section of this Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders. Such sections may be updated by subsequent quarterly reports. Assumptions about costs related to post-close consolidation and integration activities were considered in the estimation of transaction and integration costs. Except as required by law, we do not undertake to update any forward-looking statement, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time by us or on our behalf.
Additional information about these and other factors can be found in the risk sections of our 2023 Annual Report and the Risk management section of this Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders, as may be updated by subsequent quarterly reports.
 
Overview and outlook
 
 
About Royal Bank of Canada
 
Royal Bank of Canada is a global financial institution with a purpose-driven,
principles-led
approach to delivering leading performance. Our success comes from the 100,000+ employees who leverage their imaginations and insights to bring our vision, values and strategy to life so we can help our clients thrive and communities prosper. As Canada’s biggest bank and one of the largest in the world, based on market capitalization, we have a diversified business model with a focus on innovation and providing exceptional experiences to our more than 18 million clients in Canada, the U.S. and 27 other countries. Learn more at rbc.com.
Currently we are organized into four business segments: Personal & Commercial Banking, Wealth Management, Insurance and Capital Markets. Effective Q4 2024, the Personal & Commercial Banking segment will become two standalone business segments: Personal Banking and Commercial Banking. With this change, RBC Direct Investing will move from Personal & Commercial Banking to the Wealth Management segment. This realignment will be reflected in our 2024 Annual Report.

Table of Contents
4   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Selected financial and other highlights
 
 
     As at or for the three months ended          As at or for the nine months ended  
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except per share,
number of and percentage amounts)
 
July 31
2024 
(1)
   
April 30
2024
(1)
   
July 31
2023
(2)
        
July 31
2024
(1)
   
July 31
2023
(2)
 
Total revenue
 
$
14,631
 
  $ 14,154     $ 12,977      
$
42,270
 
  $ 38,779  
Provision for credit losses (PCL)
 
 
659
 
    920       616      
 
2,392
 
    1,748  
Non-interest
expense
 
 
8,599
 
    8,308       7,765      
 
25,231
 
    22,754  
Income before income taxes
 
 
5,373
 
    4,926       4,596    
 
 
 
14,647
 
    14,277  
Net income
 
$
4,486
 
  $ 3,950     $ 3,860    
 
 
$
12,018
 
  $ 10,673  
Net income – adjusted
(3), (4)
 
$
4,727
 
  $ 4,198     $ 4,005    
 
 
$
12,991
 
  $ 12,056  
Segments – net income
           
Personal & Commercial Banking
 
$
2,490
 
  $ 2,051     $ 2,134      
$
6,602
 
  $ 6,175  
Wealth Management
(5)
 
 
862
 
    769       663      
 
2,237
 
    2,212  
Insurance
 
 
170
 
    177       215      
 
567
 
    452  
Capital Markets
(5)
 
 
1,172
 
    1,262       949      
 
3,588
 
    3,152  
Corporate Support
 
 
(208
) 
    (309 )      (101 )   
 
 
 
(976
) 
    (1,318 ) 
Net income
 
$
4,486
 
  $ 3,950     $ 3,860    
 
 
$
12,018
 
  $ 10,673  
Selected information
           
Earnings per share (EPS) – basic
 
$
3.09
 
  $ 2.75     $ 2.73      
$
8.35
 
  $ 7.56  
              – diluted
 
 
3.09
 
    2.74       2.73      
 
8.34
 
    7.55  
Earnings per share (EPS) – basic adjusted
(3), (4)
 
 
3.26
 
    2.92       2.83      
 
9.04
 
    8.56  
              – diluted adjusted
(3), (4)
 
 
3.26
 
    2.92       2.83      
 
9.03
 
    8.55  
Return on common equity (ROE)
(4), (6)
 
 
15.5%
    14.5%     14.9%    
 
14.4%
    14.1%
Return on common equity (ROE) – adjusted
(3), (4)
 
 
16.4%
    15.5%     15.4%    
 
15.6%
    16.0%
Average common equity
(6)
 
$
112,100
 
  $ 108,650     $ 101,450      
$
109,300
 
  $ 99,400  
Net interest margin (NIM) – on average earning assets, net
(4)
 
 
1.58%
    1.50%     1.50%    
 
1.50%
    1.50%
PCL on loans as a % of average net loans and acceptances
 
 
0.27%
    0.41%     0.29%    
 
0.35%
    0.28%
PCL on performing loans as a % of average net loans and acceptances
 
 
0.01%
    0.11%     0.06%    
 
0.06%
    0.08%
PCL on impaired loans as a % of average net loans and acceptances
 
 
0.26%
    0.30%     0.23%    
 
0.29%
    0.20%
Gross impaired loans (GIL) as a % of loans and acceptances
 
 
0.58%
    0.55%     0.38%    
 
0.58%
    0.38%
Liquidity coverage ratio (LCR)
(4), (7)
 
 
   126%
 
    128%     134%    
 
126%
 
    134%
Net stable funding ratio (NSFR)
(4), (7)
 
 
114%
 
    111%     112%  
 
 
 
114%
 
    112%
Capital, Leverage and Total loss absorbing capacity (TLAC) ratios 
(4), (8), (9)
           
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio
 
 
13.0%
    12.8%     14.1%    
 
13.0%
    14.1%
Tier 1 capital ratio
 
 
14.5%
    14.1%     15.4%    
 
14.5%
    15.4%
Total capital ratio
 
 
16.3%
    16.1%     17.3%    
 
16.3%
    17.3%
Leverage ratio
 
 
4.2%
    4.2%     4.2%    
 
4.2%
    4.2%
TLAC ratio
 
 
28.4%
    27.5%     30.9%    
 
28.4%
    30.9%
TLAC leverage ratio
 
 
8.3%
    8.1%     8.5%  
 
 
 
8.3%
    8.5%
Selected balance sheet and other information
(10)
           
Total assets
 
$
 2,076,107
 
  $  2,031,050     $  1,959,063      
$
 2,076,107
 
  $  1,959,063  
Securities, net of applicable allowance
 
 
431,185
 
    412,553       372,625      
 
431,185
 
    372,625  
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
 
 
971,797
 
    960,539       835,714      
 
971,797
 
    835,714  
Derivative related assets
 
 
115,659
 
    130,199       115,914      
 
115,659
 
    115,914  
Deposits
 
 
1,361,265
 
    1,327,603       1,215,671      
 
1,361,265
 
    1,215,671  
Common equity
 
 
114,899
 
    112,065       102,583      
 
114,899
 
    102,583  
Total risk-weighted assets (RWA)
(4), (8), (9)
 
 
661,177
 
    653,702       585,899      
 
661,177
 
    585,899  
Assets under management (AUM)
(4)
 
 
1,300,100
 
    1,223,300       1,095,400      
 
1,300,100
 
    1,095,400  
Assets under administration (AUA)
(4), (11), (12)
 
 
4,716,100
 
    4,546,200       4,420,000    
 
 
 
4,716,100
 
    4,420,000  
Common share information
           
Shares outstanding (000s) – average basic
 
 
1,414,194
 
    1,412,651       1,393,515      
 
1,411,044
 
    1,388,217  
– average diluted
 
 
1,416,149
 
    1,414,166       1,394,939      
 
1,412,644
 
    1,389,857  
– end of period
 
 
1,413,666
 
    1,414,304       1,394,997      
 
1,413,666
 
    1,394,997  
Dividends declared per common share
 
$
1.42
 
  $ 1.38     $ 1.35      
$
4.18
 
  $ 3.99  
Dividend yield
(4)
 
 
3.9%
    4.1%     4.2%    
 
4.2%
    4.1%
Dividend payout ratio
(4)
 
 
46%
    50%     50%    
 
50%
    53%
Common share price (RY on TSX)
(13)
 
$
154.28
 
  $ 133.19     $ 130.73      
$
154.28
 
  $ 130.73  
Market capitalization (TSX)
(13)
 
 
218,100
 
    188,371       182,368    
 
 
 
218,100
 
    182,368  
Business information
(number of)
           
Employees (full-time equivalent) (FTE)
 
 
96,165
 
    94,480       93,753      
 
96,165
 
    93,753  
Bank branches
 
 
1,344
 
    1,348       1,257      
 
1,344
 
    1,257  
Automated teller machines (ATMs)
 
 
4,426
 
    4,447       4,353    
 
 
 
4,426
 
    4,353  
Period average US$ equivalent of C$1.00
(14)
 
 
0.730
 
    0.734       0.750      
 
0.736
 
    0.744  
Period-end
US$ equivalent of C$1.00
 
 
0.724
 
    0.727       0.758    
 
 
 
0.724
 
    0.758  
 
(1)   On March 28, 2024, we completed the HSBC Canada transaction. HSBC Canada results have been consolidated from the closing date, and are included in our Personal & Commercial Banking, Wealth Management and Capital Markets segments. For further details, refer to the Key corporate events section.
(2)   Amounts have been restated from those previously presented as part of the adoption of IFRS 17, effective November 1, 2023. For further details on the impacts of the adoption of IFRS 17 including the description of accounting policies selected, refer to Note 2 of our Condensed Financial Statements.
(3)   These are
non-GAAP
measures. For further details, including a reconciliation, refer to the Key performance and
non-GAAP
measures section.
(4)   See Glossary for composition of these measures.
(5)   Effective the fourth quarter of 2023, we moved the Investor Services lending business from our Wealth Management segment to our Capital Markets segment. Therefore, comparative results for the three and nine month periods ended July 31, 2023 have been revised from those previously presented.
(6)   Average amounts are calculated using methods intended to approximate the average of the daily balances for the period. This includes average common equity used in the calculation of ROE. For further details, refer to the Key performance and
non-GAAP
measures section.
(7)   The LCR and NSFR are calculated in accordance with the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions’ (OSFI) Liquidity Adequacy Requirements (LAR) guideline. LCR is the average for the three months ended for each respective period. For further details, refer to the Liquidity and funding risk section.
(8)   Capital ratios and RWA are calculated using OSFI’s Capital Adequacy Requirements (CAR) guideline, the Leverage ratio is calculated using OSFI’s Leverage Requirements (LR) guideline, and both the TLAC and TLAC leverage ratios are calculated using OSFI’s TLAC guideline. The periods ended July 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024 reflect our adoption of the revised market risk and credit valuation adjustment (CVA) frameworks that came into effect on November 1, 2023. For further details, refer to the Capital management section.
(9)   As prior period restatements are not required by OSFI, there was no impact from the adoption of IFRS 17 on regulatory capital, RWA, capital ratios, leverage ratio, TLAC available and TLAC ratios for periods prior to November 1, 2023.
(10)   Represents
period-end
spot balances.
(11)   AUA includes $15 billion and $6 billion (April 30, 2024 – $16 billion and $6 billion; July 31, 2023 – $13 billion and $7 billion) of securitized residential mortgages and credit card loans, respectively.
(12)   Comparative amounts for July 31, 2023 have been revised from those previously presented.
(13)   Based on TSX closing market price at
period-end.
(14)   Average amounts are calculated using
month-end
spot rates for the period.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   5
 
Economic, market and regulatory review and outlook – data as at August 27, 2024
 
The predictions and forecasts in this section are based on information and assumptions from sources we consider reliable. If this information or these assumptions are not accurate, actual economic outcomes may differ materially from the outlook presented in this section.
Economic and market review and outlook
The economic backdrop has shown signs of improvement in the Euro area and the U.K. however has continued to soften in Canada. Inflation has also continued to slow among advanced economies, including the U.S. where inflationary pressures
re-accelerated
in the earlier part of calendar 2024. GDP growth in the U.S. remained broadly robust but labour market conditions have softened. Job openings continue to decline, and the unemployment rate has been gradually increasing. The Bank of Canada (BoC) and the European Central Bank (ECB) both reduced interest rates in June and the Bank of England (BOE) followed with a reduction in August. The U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) is expected to announce an initial reduction before the end of the third calendar quarter of 2024. While interest rates are beginning to move lower, they remain at elevated levels that are slowing the pace of economic growth. Softer GDP growth is expected to persist across most advanced economies over the second half of calendar 2024.
Canada
Canadian GDP is expected to have increased 1.4%
1
in the second calendar quarter of 2024 after rising 1.7%
1
in the first calendar quarter of 2024. Amidst a rapidly increasing population,
per-capita
output continued to decline over the first half of calendar 2024. The unemployment rate increased to 6.4% in July, up 0.9% from last year and is expected to continue to edge higher over the second half of calendar 2024 as higher interest rates continue to increase household debt servicing costs. The weakening economic backdrop signals that inflation will continue to slow towards the BoC’s 2% target rate. The BoC cut the overnight interest rate for the first time in more than four years in June, followed with another reduction in July, amidst inflationary pressures easing. However, interest rates remain at levels high enough to slow GDP growth. Slower GDP growth and weakening labour market conditions are expected to persist, signaling further gradual interest rate reductions from the BoC over the second half of calendar 2024.
U.S.
U.S. GDP grew by 2.8%
1
in the second calendar quarter of 2024 after a 1.4%
1
increase in the first calendar quarter of 2024. These growth rates are still strong but slightly softer than the increases seen over the second half of calendar year 2023. Labour markets have shown further signs of softening. The unemployment rate remains low, but increased to 4.3% in July, up 0.8% from a year earlier. Overall demand for labour in the U.S. has continued to moderate, with the number of job openings falling and wage growth persistently slowing over the last calendar year. Inflationary pressures eased more significantly over May through July after showing signs of
re-acceleration
over the first calendar quarter of 2024. GDP growth is expected to slow but remain positive over the second half of calendar 2024. The combination of a weaker economic backdrop and a downward trend in inflation is expected to prompt a gradual reduction in interest rates by the Fed, with the first decrease in the fed funds target range expected in September.
Europe
Euro area GDP increased 0.3% in the second calendar quarter of 2024 after rising 0.3% in the first calendar quarter of 2024. Unemployment rates remain very low across countries in the Euro area. Inflation in the Euro area has continued to ease but remains elevated. The ECB is expected to continue to reduce interest rates after lowering the deposit rate in June. U.K. GDP increased by 0.6% in the second calendar quarter of 2024 after increasing by 0.7% in the first calendar quarter of 2024. Inflationary trends have continued to moderate but progress, especially with services inflation, is still lagging that of other advanced economies. Labour market conditions have also softened with job vacancies falling and the unemployment rate edging higher. The BoE is expected to continue to lower the Bank Rate at a gradual pace after an initial reduction in August.
Financial markets
Government bond yields have moved lower with some advanced economy central banks already beginning to move interest rates lower. A softening in U.S. inflation after a
re-acceleration
earlier in the calendar year signals that the Fed will follow with an initial interest rate reduction before the end of the third calendar quarter of 2024. Equity markets have been volatile in recent weeks but remain at or close to record highs with signs of softening in U.S. economic growth offset by the expectation that the Fed is close to reducing interest rates. Oil prices have, on average, risen in calendar year 2024. Other global commodity prices have moderated from peak pandemic levels in calendar 2022.
 
1
 
  Annualized rate

Table of Contents
6   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Regulatory environment
We continue to monitor and prepare for regulatory developments and changes in a manner that seeks to ensure compliance with new requirements while mitigating adverse business or financial impacts. Such impacts could result from new or amended laws or regulations and the expectations of those who enforce them. A high level summary of the key regulatory changes that have the potential to increase or decrease our costs and the complexity of our operations is included in the Legal and regulatory environment risk section of our 2023 Annual Report and updates are listed below.
Global uncertainty
In July 2024, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected global growth of 3.2% for calendar 2024, unchanged from its April forecast. Significant uncertainty continues to pose risks to the global economic outlook, driven by: challenges in monetary policy normalization, including persistent inflation in the services sector offsetting disinflation in other sectors, raising the prospect of
higher-for-even-longer
interest rates in some economies; growing geopolitical tensions, including those between Russia and Ukraine, the conflict in the Middle East, and those between China and Taiwan and the West; escalating trade tensions which could raise costs of imported goods and hinder disinflation; upcoming elections, including the U.S. election in November, which could result in changes in economic, trade and foreign policy; deepening economic concerns in China, particularly in the real estate sector, that could have an impact on global growth; extreme weather-related events; potential restrictive fiscal policies in response to high government debt; and the potential
re-emergence
of financial sector instability as banks face regulatory reform in the U.S. Our diversified business model, as well as our product and geographic diversification, continue to help mitigate the risks posed by global uncertainty.
Interest Rate Benchmark Reform
As part of the interest rate benchmark reform, the publication of all remaining Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (CDOR) settings ceased on June 28, 2024. Relatedly, we have ceased Bankers’ Acceptance-based lending. As at July 31, 2024, and consistent with our transition plan, our exposure to financial instruments referencing CDOR and interest rates substantially similar to CDOR are no longer material to our Condensed Financial Statements.
Government of Canada 2023 and 2024 budgets
The Fall Economic Statement Implementation Act, 2023 (the FESIA), introduced as Bill C-59 and tabled by the Government of Canada, received Royal Assent and was enacted on June 20, 2024. The FESIA implements a variety of tax measures including: subject to certain exceptions, eliminating availability of the dividend received deduction in respect of dividends received by financial institutions after December 31, 2023 on shares of corporations resident in Canada, where such shares are
mark-to-market
property or tracking property for tax purposes; and a new 2% tax applicable to certain publicly listed corporations on net share buybacks in excess of $1 million occurring on or after January 1, 2024. The Q3 2024 impact from the enactment of the legislation was not material.
The Budget Implementation Act, 2024, No. 1 (the BIA), introduced as Bill C-69 and tabled by the Government of Canada, received Royal Assent and was enacted on June 20, 2024. The BIA includes the Global Minimum Tax Act (the GMTA) which implements into Canadian law certain measures relating to the Organisation for Economic
Co-operation
and Development’s
two-pillar
plan to combat tax base erosion and profit shifting, including a 15% global minimum corporate tax on certain multinational enterprises (Pillar Two). A number of other countries in which RBC operates have also enacted Pillar Two legislation. The GMTA and corresponding foreign Pillar Two legislation will be effective for our fiscal year beginning November 1, 2024. For further details, refer to Note 10 of our Condensed Financial Statements.
Climate-related regulatory activity
On March 20, 2024, OSFI released updates to its Guideline
B-15
– Climate Risk Management. The guideline sets out expectations for the management and disclosure of climate-related risks for federally regulated financial institutions (FRFIs) and aims to support FRFIs in developing greater resilience to, and management of, these risks. The updated guideline includes additional climate-related disclosure requirements aligned with IFRS S2 and will be effective for fiscal
year-end
2024. We continue to work towards meeting the requirements by the effective date.
For a discussion on risk factors resulting from these and other developments which may affect our business and financial results, refer to the risk sections of our 2023 Annual Report. For further details on our framework and activities to manage risks, refer to the risk and Capital management sections of this Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   7
 
Key corporate events
 
HSBC Bank Canada
On March 28, 2024, we completed the acquisition of HSBC Bank Canada (HSBC Canada). The acquisition of HSBC Canada (the HSBC Canada transaction) gives us the opportunity to enhance our existing businesses in line with our strategic goals and better positions us to be the bank of choice for commercial clients with international needs, newcomers to Canada and globally connected clients. HSBC Canada results have been consolidated from the closing date and are included in our Personal & Commercial Banking, Wealth Management and Capital Markets segments.
Total consideration of $15.5 billion in cash included $13.5 billion for 100% of the common shares of HSBC Canada, $2.1 billion for the preferred shares and subordinated debt held directly or indirectly by HSBC Holdings plc, $(0.5) billion for the settlement of
pre-existing
relationships with HSBC Canada and $0.4 billion for an additional amount that accrued from August 30, 2023 to the closing date. This additional amount was calculated based on the $13.5 billion
all-cash
purchase price for the common shares of HSBC Canada and the Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average. Relatedly, under a locked box mechanism, HSBC Canada’s earnings from June 30, 2022 to the closing date accrued to RBC and were reflected in the acquired net assets on closing. For further details, refer to Note 6 of our Condensed Financial Statements.
As the fair values of HSBC Canada’s fixed rate financial assets and liabilities are sensitive to changes in market interest rates, increases in interest rates prior to closing would have reduced the net fair value of the financial assets and liabilities to be acquired, which would have increased the goodwill recognized on closing and reduced our capital ratios. To manage this, we had previously
de-designated
certain interest rate swaps in cash flow hedging relationships such that future
mark-to-market
gains (losses) were recorded in net income, instead of Other comprehensive income (OCI), to mitigate closing capital ratio volatility. For the nine months ended July 31, 2024, we recognized $222 million of
mark-to-market
losses in
Non-interest
income – Other on the swaps and $91 million in Net interest income related to the reclassification of amounts previously accumulated in OCI, both of which are treated as specified items and reflected in Corporate Support. Subsequent to closing, we
re-designated
these interest rate swaps into cash flow hedging relationships. Adjusted results excluding specified items are
non-GAAP
measures. For further details, including a reconciliation, refer to the Key performance and
non-GAAP
measures section.
The following table provides details on the impact of the HSBC Canada transaction on our Personal & Commercial Banking segment and consolidated results, and reflects revenue, PCL,
non-interest
expenses and income taxes associated with the acquired operations and clients, which include the acquired assets, assumed liabilities and employees with the exception of assets and liabilities relating to treasury and liquidity management activities (HSBC Canada results).
 
    
For the three months ended July 31, 2024
 
    
Segment results – Personal & Commercial Banking
          
Consolidated results
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Excluding
HSBC Canada
   
HSBC
Canada
   
Total
          
Excluding
HSBC Canada
   
HSBC
Canada
   
Total
 
Net interest income
 
$
4,503
 
 
$
549
 
 
$
5,052
 
   
$
6,758
 
 
$
569
 
 
$
7,327
 
Non-interest
income
 
 
1,569
 
 
 
104
 
 
 
1,673
 
         
 
7,145
 
 
 
159
 
 
 
7,304
 
Total revenue
 
 
6,072
 
 
 
653
 
 
 
6,725
 
   
 
13,903
 
 
 
728
 
 
 
14,631
 
PCL
 
 
520
 
 
 
87
 
 
 
607
 
   
 
576
 
 
 
83
 
 
 
659
 
Non-interest
expense
 
 
2,423
 
 
 
292
 
 
 
2,715
 
         
 
8,283
 
 
 
316
 
 
 
8,599
 
Income before income taxes
 
 
3,129
 
 
 
274
 
 
 
3,403
 
   
 
5,044
 
 
 
329
 
 
 
5,373
 
Income taxes
 
 
837
 
 
 
76
 
 
 
913
 
         
 
797
 
 
 
90
 
 
 
887
 
Net income
 
$
2,292
 
 
$
198
 
 
$
2,490
 
         
$
4,247
 
 
$
239
 
 
$
4,486
 
 
    
For the nine months ended July 31, 2024
 
    
Segment results – Personal & Commercial Banking
          
Consolidated results
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Excluding
HSBC Canada
   
HSBC
Canada
   
Total
          
Excluding
HSBC Canada
   
HSBC
Canada
   
Total
 
Net interest income
 
$
12,948
 
 
$
720
 
 
$
13,668
 
   
$
19,534
 
 
$
748
 
 
$
20,282
 
Non-interest income
 
 
4,702
 
 
 
139
 
 
 
4,841
 
         
 
21,763
 
 
 
225
 
 
 
21,988
 
Total revenue
 
 
17,650
 
 
 
859
 
 
 
18,509
 
   
 
41,297
 
 
 
973
 
 
 
42,270
 
PCL
(1)
 
 
1,706
 
 
 
289
 
 
 
1,995
 
   
 
2,092
 
 
 
300
 
 
 
2,392
 
Non-interest expense
 
 
7,101
 
 
 
381
 
 
 
7,482
 
         
 
24,816
 
 
 
415
 
 
 
25,231
 
Income before income taxes
 
 
8,843
 
 
 
189
 
 
 
9,032
 
   
 
14,389
 
 
 
258
 
 
 
14,647
 
Income taxes
 
 
2,378
 
 
 
52
 
 
 
2,430
 
         
 
2,559
 
 
 
70
 
 
 
2,629
 
Net income
 
$
6,465
 
 
$
137
 
 
$
6,602
 
         
$
11,830
 
 
$
188
 
 
$
12,018
 
 
(1)   Segment results – Personal & Commercial Banking include initial PCL on purchased performing financial assets of $186 million, of which $181 million relates to purchased performing loans. Consolidated results include initial PCL on purchased performing financial assets of $200 million, of which $193 million relates to purchased performing loans.

Table of Contents
8   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Financial performance
 
 
Overview
 
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023
Net income of $4,486 million was up $626 million or 16% from a year ago. Diluted EPS of $3.09 was up $0.36 or 13% and ROE of 15.5% was up from 14.9% last year. Our CET1 ratio of 13.0% was down 110 bps from a year ago.
Adjusted net income of $4,727 million was up $722 million or 18% from a year ago. Adjusted diluted EPS of $3.26 was up $0.43 or 15% and adjusted ROE of 16.4% was up from 15.4% last year.
Our earnings reflect higher results in Personal & Commercial Banking, Capital Markets and Wealth Management, partially offset by lower results in Corporate Support and Insurance.
Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024
Net income of $4,486 million was up $536 million or 14% from last quarter. Diluted EPS of $3.09 was up $0.35 or 13% and ROE of 15.5% was up from 14.5% in the prior quarter. Our CET1 ratio of 13.0% was up 20 bps from last quarter.
Adjusted net income of $4,727 million was up $529 million or 13% from last quarter. Adjusted diluted EPS of $3.26 was up $0.34 or 12% and adjusted ROE of 16.4% was up from 15.5% last quarter.
Our earnings reflect higher results in Personal & Commercial Banking and Wealth Management, partially offset by lower earnings in Capital Markets. Results in the current period also reflect a lower impact from specified items relating to the HSBC Canada transaction in Corporate Support.
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023 (Nine months ended)
Net income of $12,018 million was up $1,345 million or 13% from the same period last year. Diluted EPS of $8.34 was up $0.79 or 10% and ROE of 14.4% was up from 14.1% in the prior year.
Adjusted net income of $12,991 million was up $935 million or 8% from the same period last year. Adjusted diluted EPS of $9.03 was up $0.48 or 6% and adjusted ROE of 15.6% was down from 16.0% in the prior year.
Our earnings were up from the same period last year, primarily driven by higher results across all of our business segments. The prior year results also reflected the impact of the Canada Recovery Dividend (CRD) and other tax related adjustments, which was treated as a specified item and reported in Corporate Support. Results in the current period also reflect a higher impact from specified items relating to the HSBC Canada transaction in Corporate Support.
For further details on our business segment results and CET1 ratio, refer to the Business segment results and Capital management sections, respectively.
Adjusted results
Adjusted results exclude specified items and the
after-tax
impact of amortization of acquisition-related intangibles. Adjusted results are
non-GAAP
measures. For further details, including a reconciliation, refer to the Key performance and
non-GAAP
measures section.
Impact of foreign currency translation
The following table reflects the estimated impact of foreign currency translation on key income statement items:
 
     For the three months ended          For the nine months ended  
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)
 
Q3 2024 vs.
Q3 2023
   
Q3 2024 vs.
Q2 2024
        
Q3 2024 vs.
Q3 2023
 
Increase (decrease):
       
Total revenue
 
$
182
 
 
$
49
 
   
$
263
 
PCL
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
–
 
   
 
2
 
Non-interest
expense
 
 
114
 
 
 
33
 
   
 
171
 
Income taxes
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
(2
) 
   
 
(1
) 
Net income
 
 
70
 
 
 
18
 
     
 
91
 
Impact on EPS
       
Basic
 
$
0.05
 
 
$
0.01
 
   
$
   0.06
 
Diluted
 
 
0.05
 
 
 
0.01
 
     
 
0.06
 
The relevant average exchange rates that impact our business are shown in the following table:
 
     For the three months ended          For the nine months ended  
(Average foreign currency equivalent of C$1.00) (1)
 
July 31
2024
    
April 30
2024
    
July 31
2023
        
July 31
2024
   
July 31
2023
 
U.S. dollar
 
 
0.730
 
     0.734        0.750      
 
0.736
 
    0.744  
British pound
 
 
0.572
 
     0.583        0.592      
 
0.581
 
    0.601  
Euro
 
 
0.676
 
     0.682        0.690        
 
0.681
 
    0.690  
 
  (1)   Average amounts are calculated using
month-end
spot rates for the period.
 

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   9
 
Total revenue
 
     For the three months ended          For the nine months ended  
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts)
 
July 31
2024
   
April 30
2024
   
July 31
2023 
(1)
        
July 31
2024
   
July 31
2023 
(1)
 
Interest and dividend income
 
$
 27,090
 
  $  25,754     $  22,834      
$
 78,453
 
  $  62,489  
Interest expense
 
 
19,763
 
    19,131       16,548        
 
58,171
 
    43,902  
Net interest income
 
$
7,327
 
  $ 6,623     $ 6,286      
$
20,282
 
  $ 18,587  
NIM
 
 
1.58%
    1.50%     1.50%      
 
1.50%
    1.50%
Insurance service result
 
$
214
 
  $ 203     $ 149      
$
604
 
  $ 566  
Insurance investment result
(2)
 
 
28
 
    59       151      
 
228
 
    92  
Trading revenue
 
 
507
 
    633       485      
 
1,944
 
    1,984  
Investment management and custodial fees
 
 
2,382
 
    2,257       2,099      
 
6,824
 
    6,238  
Mutual fund revenue
 
 
1,151
 
    1,067       1,034      
 
3,248
 
    3,049  
Securities brokerage commissions
 
 
413
 
    431       362      
 
1,232
 
    1,100  
Service charges
 
 
587
 
    557       529      
 
1,698
 
    1,551  
Underwriting and other advisory fees
 
 
676
 
    734       472      
 
2,016
 
    1,442  
Foreign exchange revenue, other than trading
 
 
292
 
    287       289      
 
841
 
    1,044  
Card service revenue
 
 
324
 
    291       334      
 
941
 
    938  
Credit fees
 
 
405
 
    434       342      
 
1,234
 
    1,078  
Net gains on investment securities
 
 
28
 
    59       27      
 
157
 
    191  
Income (loss) from joint ventures and associates
 
 
(57
) 
    18       (37 )     
 
(27
) 
    4  
Other
 
 
354
 
    501       455        
 
1,048
 
    915  
Non-interest
income
 
 
7,304
 
    7,531       6,691        
 
21,988
 
    20,192  
Total revenue
 
$
14,631
 
  $ 14,154     $ 12,977        
$
42,270
 
  $ 38,779  
Additional trading information
           
Net interest income
(3)
 
$
475
 
  $ 403     $ 510      
$
1,222
 
  $ 1,165  
Non-interest
income
 
 
507
 
    633       485        
 
1,944
 
    1,984  
Total trading revenue
 
$
982
 
  $ 1,036     $ 995        
$
3,166
 
  $ 3,149  
 
  (1)   Amounts have been restated from those previously presented as part of the adoption of IFRS 17, effective November 1, 2023. Refer to Note 2 of our Condensed Financial Statements for further details on these changes.  
  (2)   The 2023 restated results may not be fully comparable to the current period as we were not managing our asset and liability portfolios under IFRS 17.  
  (3)   Reflects net interest income arising from trading-related positions, including assets and liabilities that are classified or designated at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL).  
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023
Total revenue increased $1,654 million or 13% from a year ago, mainly due to higher net interest income. Higher investment management and custodial fees, underwriting and other advisory fees and mutual fund revenue also contributed to the increase. These factors were partially offset by lower insurance investment result and other revenue. The impact of foreign exchange translation increased revenue by $182 million. The inclusion of HSBC Canada revenue contributed $728 million to total revenue.
Net interest income increased $1,041 million or 17%, of which $569 million reflects the inclusion of HSBC Canada net interest income. The remaining increase of $472 million or 8% was largely due to higher spreads and average volume growth in Canadian Banking.
NIM was up 8 bps compared to last year, mainly driven by the acquisition of HSBC Canada including the accretion of fair value adjustments, as well as higher interest rates and changes in product mix in Canadian Banking. This was partially offset by competitive pricing pressures in Canadian Banking and higher funding costs in Capital Markets.
Insurance investment result decreased $123 million or 81%, mainly due to lower favourable investment-related experience. The results in the prior period are not fully comparable as we were not managing our asset and liability portfolios under IFRS 17.
Investment management and custodial fees increased $283 million or 13%, mainly due to higher fee-based client assets reflecting market appreciation and net sales.
Mutual fund revenue increased $117 million or 11%, primarily due to higher fee-based client assets reflecting market appreciation and net sales in Wealth Management, and higher average mutual fund balances driving higher distribution fees in Canadian Banking.
Underwriting and other advisory fees increased $204 million or 43%, largely due to higher debt origination in North America.
Other revenue decreased $101 million or 22%, primarily attributable to changes in the fair value of certain instruments in our non-trading portfolios.
Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024
Total revenue increased $477 million or 3% from last quarter, largely due to higher net interest income and investment management and custodial fees. These factors were partially offset by lower other revenue and trading revenue. The inclusion of HSBC Canada revenue contributed $728 million in Q3 2024 and $245 million in Q2 2024 to total revenue, as the current quarter includes a full quarter of revenue.

Table of Contents
10   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Net interest income increased $704 million or 11%, of which $390 million reflects the inclusion of HSBC Canada net interest income. The remaining increase of $314 million or 5% was primarily due to average volume growth, the impact of two more days in the current quarter and higher spreads in Canadian Banking.
Trading revenue decreased $126 million or 20%, primarily due to lower fixed income trading revenue in the U.S., partially offset by higher equity trading revenue primarily in Europe.
Investment management and custodial fees increased $125 million or 6%, mainly due to higher fee-based client assets reflecting market appreciation.
Other revenue decreased $147 million or 29%, mainly attributable to changes in the fair value of certain instruments in our non-trading portfolios and the prior quarter impact of management of closing capital volatility related to the HSBC Canada transaction, which was treated as a specified item. These factors were partially offset by changes in the fair value of the hedges related to our U.S. share-based compensation plans, which was largely offset in Non-interest expense.
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023 (Nine months ended)
Total revenue increased $3,491 million or 9% from the same period last year, primarily driven by higher net interest income. Higher investment management and custodial fees, underwriting and other advisory fees and mutual fund revenue also contributed to the increase. This was partially offset by lower foreign exchange revenue, other than trading. The impact of foreign exchange translation increased revenue by $263 million. The inclusion of HSBC Canada revenue contributed $973 million to total revenue.
Net interest income increased $1,695 million or 9%, of which $748 million reflects the inclusion of HSBC Canada net interest income. The remaining increase of $947 million or 5% was largely due to higher spreads and average volume growth in Canadian Banking.
Investment management and custodial fees increased $586 million or 9%, mainly due to higher fee-based client assets reflecting market appreciation and net sales.
Mutual fund revenue increased $199 million or 7%, primarily due to higher average fee-based client assets reflecting market appreciation and net sales in Wealth Management, and higher average mutual fund balances driving higher distribution fees in Canadian Banking.
Underwriting and other advisory fees increased $574 million or 40%, mainly due to higher debt origination across all regions and higher M&A activity across most regions.
Foreign exchange revenue, other than trading decreased $203 million or 19%, largely driven by reduced revenue following the sale of RBC Investor Services
®
operations.
Provision for credit losses
(1)
 
     For the three months ended            For the nine months ended  
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts)
 
July 31
2024
   
April 30
2024
   
July 31
2023
          
July 31
2024
   
July 31
2023
 
Personal & Commercial Banking
 
$
70
 
  $ 243     $ 2      
$
462
 
  $ 266  
Wealth Management
 
 
(16
) 
    (19 )      64      
 
(62
) 
    90  
Capital Markets
 
 
(11
) 
    19       54      
 
18
 
    110  
Corporate Support and other
(2)
 
 
(1
) 
    1       –            
 
1
 
    –  
PCL on performing loans
 
 
42
 
    244       120            
 
419
 
    466  
Personal & Commercial Banking
 
$
541
 
  $ 511     $ 303      
$
1,538
 
  $ 867  
Wealth Management
 
 
32
 
    46       38      
 
116
 
    106  
Capital Markets
 
 
50
 
    115       158            
 
326
 
    324  
PCL on impaired loans
 
 
623
 
    672       499            
 
1,980
 
    1,297  
PCL – Loans
 
 
665
 
    916       619      
 
2,399
 
    1,763  
PCL – Other
(3)
 
 
(6
) 
    4       (3 )           
 
(7
) 
    (15 ) 
Total PCL
 
$
659
 
  $ 920     $ 616            
$
2,392
 
  $ 1,748  
PCL on loans is comprised of:            
Retail
 
$
32
 
  $ 107     $ (1 )     
$
276
 
  $ 230  
Wholesale
 
 
10
 
    137       121            
 
143
 
    236  
PCL on performing loans
 
 
42
 
    244       120            
 
419
 
    466  
Retail
 
 
407
 
    396       270      
 
1,162
 
    758  
Wholesale
 
 
216
 
    276       229            
 
818
 
    539  
PCL on impaired loans
 
 
623
 
    672       499            
 
1,980
 
    1,297  
PCL – Loans
 
$
665
 
  $ 916     $ 619            
$
2,399
 
  $ 1,763  
PCL on loans as a % of average net loans and acceptances
 
 
0.27%
     0.41%      0.29%    
 
 0.35%
     0.28%
PCL on impaired loans as a % of average net loans and acceptances
 
 
0.26%
    0.30%     0.23%          
 
0.29%
    0.20%
 
(1)   Information on loans represents loans, acceptances and commitments.
(2)   Includes PCL recorded in Corporate Support and Insurance.
(3)   PCL – Other includes amounts related to debt securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) and amortized cost, accounts receivable, and financial and purchased guarantees.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   11
 
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023
Total PCL increased $43 million or 7% from a year ago, mainly reflecting higher provisions in Personal & Commercial Banking, partially offset by lower provisions in Capital Markets and Wealth Management. The PCL on loans ratio decreased 2 bps.
PCL on performing loans decreased $78 million or 65%, mainly due to favourable changes to our scenario weights, partially offset by unfavourable changes to our macroeconomic forecast and credit quality.
PCL on impaired loans increased $124 million or 25%, mainly due to higher provisions in our Canadian Banking portfolios, partially offset by lower provisions in Capital Markets.
Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024
Total PCL decreased $261 million or 28% from last quarter, primarily reflecting lower provisions in Personal & Commercial Banking and Capital Markets. The PCL on loans ratio decreased 14 bps.
PCL on performing loans decreased $202 million or 83%, mainly reflecting higher provisions in the prior quarter driven by the initial PCL on performing loans purchased in the HSBC Canada transaction.
PCL on impaired loans decreased $49 million or 7%, mainly due to lower provisions in Capital Markets and Wealth Management, partially offset by higher provisions in our Canadian Banking commercial portfolio in a few sectors, including the real estate and related sector.
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023 (Nine months ended)
Total PCL increased $644 million or 37% from the same period last year, mainly reflecting higher provisions in Personal & Commercial Banking, partially offset by lower provisions in Wealth Management and Capital Markets. The PCL on loans ratio increased 7 bps.
PCL on performing loans decreased $47 million or 10%, largely due to favourable changes to our macroeconomic forecast and scenario weights, partially offset by the initial PCL on performing loans purchased in the HSBC Canada transaction and unfavourable changes in credit quality mainly in Personal & Commercial Banking.
PCL on impaired loans increased $683 million or 53%, primarily due to higher provisions in our Canadian Banking portfolios.
Non-interest
expense
 
     For the three months ended            For the nine months ended  
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts)
 
July 31
2024
   
April 30
2024
   
July 31
2023 
(1)
          
July 31
2024
   
July 31
2023 
(1)
 
Salaries
 
$
2,310
 
  $ 2,145     $ 2,160      
$
6,533
 
  $ 6,239  
Variable compensation
 
 
2,246
 
    2,161       1,816      
 
6,490
 
    5,653  
Benefits and retention compensation
 
 
615
 
    606       545      
 
1,826
 
    1,650  
Share-based compensation
 
 
235
 
    179       243            
 
811
 
    645  
Human resources
 
 
5,406
 
    5,091       4,764      
 
15,660
 
    14,187  
Equipment
 
 
629
 
    615       611      
 
1,863
 
    1,769  
Occupancy
 
 
443
 
    441       409      
 
1,291
 
    1,218  
Communications
 
 
342
 
    358       321      
 
1,021
 
    917  
Professional fees
 
 
547
 
    697       591      
 
1,868
 
    1,479  
Amortization of other intangibles
 
 
426
 
    373       369      
 
1,151
 
    1,114  
Other
 
 
806
 
    733       700            
 
2,377
 
    2,070  
Non-interest
expense
 
$
8,599
 
  $ 8,308     $ 7,765      
$
25,231
 
  $ 22,754  
Efficiency ratio
(2)
 
 
58.8%
    58.7%     59.8%    
 
59.7%
    58.7%
Efficiency ratio – adjusted
(3)
 
 
56.6%
    56.0%     58.4%          
 
56.9%
    57.6%
 
  (1)   Amounts have been restated from those previously presented as part of the adoption of IFRS 17, effective November 1, 2023. Refer to Note 2 of our Condensed Financial Statements for further details on these changes.  
  (2)   Efficiency ratio is calculated as
Non-interest
expense divided by Total revenue.
 
  (3)   This is a
non-GAAP
ratio. For further details, including a reconciliation, refer to the Key performance and
non-GAAP
measures section.
 
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023
Non-interest
expense increased $834 million or 11% from a year ago, of which $316 million reflects the inclusion of HSBC Canada
non-interest
expense. The remaining increase of $518 million or 7% was largely due to higher variable compensation commensurate with increased revenue and the impact of foreign exchange translation.
Our efficiency ratio of 58.8% decreased 100 bps from 59.8% last year. Our adjusted efficiency ratio of 56.6% decreased 180 bps from 58.4% last year.
Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024
Non-interest
expense increased $291 million or 4% from last quarter. The inclusion of HSBC Canada non-interest expense increased non-interest expense by $217 million, as the current quarter includes a full quarter of non-interest expense. The fair value of our U.S. share-based compensation plans, which was largely offset in Other revenue, also contributed to the increase. These factors were partially offset by lower HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs, which is treated as a specified item.
Our efficiency ratio of 58.8% increased 10 bps from 58.7% last quarter. Our adjusted efficiency ratio of 56.6% increased 60 bps from 56.0% last quarter.

Table of Contents
12   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023 (Nine months ended)
Non-interest
expense increased $2,477 million or 11% from the same period last year, of which $415 million reflects the inclusion of HSBC Canada non-interest expense. The remaining increase of $2,062 million or 9% was mainly due to higher HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs, which is treated as a specified item, as well as higher variable compensation costs commensurate with increased revenue.
Our efficiency ratio of 59.7% increased 100 bps from 58.7% last year. Our adjusted efficiency ratio of 56.9% decreased 70 bps from 57.6% last year.
Adjusted efficiency ratio is a
non-GAAP
ratio. For further details, including a reconciliation, refer to the Key performance and
non-GAAP
measures section.
Income taxes
 
     For the three months ended            For the nine months ended  
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts)
 
July 31
2024
   
April 30
2024
   
July 31
2023 
(1)
          
July 31
2024
   
July 31
2023 
(1)
 
Income taxes
 
$
887
 
  $ 976     $ 736            
$
2,629
 
  $ 3,604  
Income before income taxes
 
 
5,373
 
    4,926       4,596            
 
14,647
 
    14,277  
Effective income tax rate
 
 
 16.5%
     19.8%      16.0%          
 
 17.9%
     25.2%
Adjusted results
(2), (3)
           
Income taxes – adjusted
 
$
960
 
  $ 1,037     $ 782      
$
2,910
 
  $ 2,647  
Income before income taxes – adjusted
 
 
5,687
 
    5,235       4,787      
 
15,901
 
    14,703  
Effective income tax rate – adjusted
 
 
16.9%
    19.8%     16.3%          
 
18.3%
    18.0%
 
  (1)   Amounts have been restated from those previously presented as part of the adoption of IFRS 17, effective November 1, 2023. Refer to Note 2 of our Condensed Financial Statements for further details on these changes.  
  (2)   These are
non-GAAP
measures. For further details, including a reconciliation, refer to the Key performance and
non-GAAP
measures section.
 
  (3)   See Glossary for composition of these measures.  
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023
Income tax expense increased $151 million or 21% from a year ago, primarily due to higher income before income taxes, partially offset by the impact of changes in earnings mix. Adjusted income tax expense increased $178 million or 23%.
The effective income tax rate of 16.5% increased 50 bps, primarily due to the net impact of tax adjustments in the same quarter last year, partially offset by the impact of changes in earnings mix. The adjusted effective income tax rate of 16.9% increased 60 bps.
Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024
Income tax expense decreased $89 million or 9% from last quarter, primarily due to the impact of changes in earnings mix. Adjusted income tax expense decreased $77 million or 7%.
The effective income tax rate of 16.5% decreased 330 bps, primarily due to the impact of changes in earnings mix. The adjusted effective income tax rate of 16.9% decreased 290 bps.
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023 (Nine months ended)
Income tax expense decreased $975 million or 27% from the same period last year, primarily due to the impact of the CRD and other tax related adjustments, which was treated as a specified item in the prior year. Adjusted income tax expense increased $263 million or 10%.
The effective income tax rate of 17.9% decreased 730 bps, primarily due to the impact of the CRD and other tax related adjustments noted above. The adjusted effective income tax rate of 18.3% increased 30 bps.
For further details on specified items, including a reconciliation, refer to the Key performance and
non-GAAP
measures section.
 
Business segment results
 
 
How we measure and report our business segments
 
The key methodologies and assumptions used in our management reporting framework are periodically reviewed by management to ensure they remain valid. Effective November 1, 2023, we prospectively revised our attributed capital methodology to include the allocation of leverage to our business segments to further align our allocation processes with evolving regulatory capital requirements. Our methodology for allocating capital to our business segments is intended to consistently measure and align economic costs with the underlying benefits and risks associated with the activities of each business segment, allowing for a uniform base for performance measurement among our business segments to facilitate management decisions in resource allocation in conjunction with other factors. For Insurance, the allocation of capital remains unchanged and continues to be based on fully diversified economic capital.
For further details on the key methodologies and assumptions used in our management reporting framework, refer to the How we measure and report our business segments section of our 2023 Annual Report.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   13
 
 
Key performance and
non-GAAP
measures
 
Performance measures
We measure and evaluate the performance of our consolidated operations and each business segment using a number of financial metrics, such as net income and ROE. Certain financial metrics, including ROE, do not have a standardized meaning under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other financial institutions.
Return on common equity
We use ROE, at both the consolidated and business segment levels, as a measure of return on total capital invested in our business. Management views the business segment ROE measure as a useful measure for supporting investment and resource allocation decisions because it adjusts for certain items that may affect comparability between business segments and certain competitors.
Our consolidated ROE calculation is based on net income available to common shareholders divided by total average common equity for the period. Business segment ROE calculations are based on net income available to common shareholders divided by average attributed capital for the period. For each segment, with the exception of Insurance, average attributed capital includes the capital and leverage required to underpin various risks and amounts invested in goodwill and intangibles and other regulatory deductions. For Insurance, the allocation of capital is based on fully diversified economic capital.
The attribution of capital involves the use of assumptions, judgments and methodologies that are regularly reviewed and revised by management as deemed necessary. For further details on changes to our attributed capital methodology, refer to the How we measure and report our business segments section. Changes to such assumptions, judgments and methodologies can have a material effect on the business segment ROE information that we report. Other companies that disclose information on similar attributions and related return measures may use different assumptions, judgments and methodologies.
The following table provides a summary of our ROE calculations:
 
     For the three months ended  
   
July 31
2024
       
April 30
2024
       
July 31
2023
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars,
except percentage amounts)
 
Personal &
Commercial
Banking 
(1)
   
Wealth
Management 
(1)
   
Insurance
   
Capital
Markets 
(1)
   
Corporate
Support
   
Total
         Total          Total (2)  
Net income available to common shareholders
 
$
2,446
 
 
$
840
 
 
$
168
 
 
$
1,141
 
 
$
(218)
 
 
$
4,377
 
    $ 3,881       $ 3,800  
Total average common equity 
(3), (4)
 
 
44,150
 
 
 
23,350
 
 
 
2,000
 
 
 
32,150
 
 
 
10,450
 
 
 
112,100
 
         108,650            101,450  
ROE
(5)
 
 
22.0%
 
 
 
14.3%
 
 
 
33.6%
 
 
 
14.1%
 
 
 
n.m.
 
 
 
15.5%
 
        14.5%         14.9%
                   
     For the nine months ended      
   
July 31
2024
       
July 31
2023
            
(Millions of Canadian dollars,
except percentage amounts)
 
Personal &
Commercial
Banking
(1)
   
Wealth
Management 
(1)
   
Insurance
   
Capital
Markets
(1)
   
Corporate
Support
   
Total
         Total (2)             
Net income available to common shareholders
 
$
6,517
 
 
$
2,190
 
 
$
564
 
 
$
3,522
 
 
$
(1,013
) 
 
$
11,780
 
    $ 10,499      
Total average common equity 
(3), (4)
 
 
 37,000
 
 
 
 22,850
 
 
 
 2,050
 
 
 
 31,400
 
 
 
 16,000
 
 
 
 109,300
 
         99,400        
ROE
(5)
 
 
23.5%
 
 
12.8%
 
 
36.5%
 
 
15.0%
 
 
n.m.
 
 
14.4%
 
        14.1%      
 
(1)   Effective November 1, 2023, our attributed capital methodology incorporates leverage requirements to allocate capital to our business segments. For further details on changes to our attributed capital methodology, refer to the How we measure and report our business segments section.
(2)   Amounts have been restated from those previously presented as part of the adoption of IFRS 17, effective November 1, 2023. Refer to Note 2 of our Condensed Financial Statements for further details on these changes.
(3)   Total average common equity represents rounded figures.
(4)   The amounts for the segments are referred to as attributed capital.
(5)   ROE is based on actual balances of average common equity before rounding.
n.m.   not meaningful

Table of Contents
14   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Non-GAAP
measures
We believe that certain
non-GAAP
measures (including
non-GAAP
ratios) are more reflective of our ongoing operating results and provide readers with a better understanding of management’s perspective on our performance. These measures enhance the comparability of our financial performance for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024 with the corresponding periods in the prior year and the three months ended April 30, 2024.
Non-GAAP
measures do not have a standardized meaning under GAAP and may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other financial institutions.
The following discussion describes the
non-GAAP
measures we use in evaluating our operating results.
Adjusted results
We believe that providing adjusted results as well as certain measures and ratios excluding the impact of the specified items discussed below and amortization of acquisition-related intangibles enhances comparability with prior periods and enables readers to better assess trends in the underlying businesses.
Our results for all reported periods were adjusted for the following specified item:
•  
HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs.
Our results for the nine months ended July 31, 2024 and the three months ended April 30, 2024 were adjusted for the following specified item:
•  
Management of closing capital volatility related to the HSBC Canada transaction. For further details, refer to the Key corporate events section.
Our results for the nine months ended July 31, 2023 were adjusted for the following specified item:
•  
CRD and other tax related adjustments: reflects the impact of the CRD and the 1.5% increase in the Canadian corporate tax rate applicable to fiscal 2022, net of deferred tax adjustments, which were announced in the Government of Canada’s 2022 budget and enacted in the first quarter of 2023.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   15
 
Consolidated results, reported and adjusted
The following table provides a reconciliation of our reported results to our adjusted results and illustrates the calculation of adjusted measures presented. The adjusted results and measures presented below are
non-GAAP
measures or ratios.
 
     As at or for the three months ended          As at or for the nine months ended  
(Millions of Canadian dollars,
except per share, number of and percentage amounts)
 
July 31
2024
   
April 30
2024
   
July 31
2023
(1)
        
July 31
2024
   
July 31
2023
(1)
 
Total revenue
 
$
14,631
 
  $ 14,154     $ 12,977      
$
42,270
 
  $ 38,779  
PCL
 
 
659
 
    920       616      
 
2,392
 
    1,748  
Non-interest
expense
 
 
8,599
 
    8,308       7,765      
 
25,231
 
    22,754  
Income before income taxes
 
 
5,373
 
    4,926       4,596      
 
14,647
 
    14,277  
Income taxes
 
 
887
 
    976       736      
 
2,629
 
    3,604  
Net income
 
$
4,486
 
  $ 3,950     $ 3,860      
$
12,018
 
  $ 10,673  
Net income available to common shareholders
 
$
4,377
 
  $ 3,881     $ 3,800    
 
 
$
11,780
 
  $ 10,499  
Average number of common shares (thousands)
 
 
 1,414,194
 
     1,412,651        1,393,515      
 
 1,411,044
 
     1,388,217  
Basic earnings per share (in dollars)
 
$
3.09
 
  $ 2.75     $ 2.73    
 
 
$
8.35
 
  $ 7.56  
Average number of diluted common shares (thousands)
 
 
1,416,149
 
    1,414,166       1,394,939      
 
1,412,644
 
    1,389,857  
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars)
 
$
3.09
 
  $ 2.74     $ 2.73    
 
 
$
8.34
 
  $ 7.55  
ROE
(2)
 
 
15.5%
    14.5%     14.9%    
 
14.4%
    14.1%
Effective income tax rate
 
 
16.5%
    19.8%     16.0%  
 
 
 
17.9%
    25.2%
Total adjusting items impacting net income
(before-tax)
 
$
314
 
  $ 309     $ 191      
$
1,254
 
  $ 426  
Specified item: HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs 
(3), (4)
 
 
160
 
    358       110      
 
783
 
    177  
Specified item: Management of closing capital volatility related to the HSBC Canada transaction 
(3), (5)
 
 
–
 
    (155 )      –      
 
131
 
    –  
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles
(6)
 
 
154
 
    106       81    
 
 
 
340
 
    249  
Total income taxes for adjusting items impacting net income
 
$
73
 
  $ 61     $ 46      
$
281
 
  $ (957 ) 
Specified item: HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs
(3)
 
 
35
 
    76       26      
 
158
 
    42  
Specified item: Management of closing capital volatility related to the HSBC Canada transaction 
(3), (5)
 
 
–
 
    (43 )      –      
 
36
 
    –  
Specified item: CRD and other tax related adjustments 
(3), (7)
 
 
–
 
    –       –      
 
–
 
    (1,050 ) 
Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles
(6)
 
 
38
 
    28       20    
 
 
 
87
 
    51  
Adjusted results
(8)
           
Income before income taxes – adjusted
 
$
5,687
 
  $ 5,235     $ 4,787      
$
15,901
 
  $ 14,703  
Income taxes – adjusted
 
 
960
 
    1,037       782      
 
2,910
 
    2,647  
Net income – adjusted
 
 
4,727
 
    4,198       4,005      
 
12,991
 
    12,056  
Net income available to common shareholders – adjusted
 
 
4,618
 
    4,129       3,945    
 
 
 
12,753
 
    11,882  
Average number of common shares (thousands)
 
 
1,414,194
 
    1,412,651       1,393,515      
 
1,411,044
 
    1,388,217  
Basic earnings per share (in dollars) – adjusted
(8)
 
$
3.26
 
  $ 2.92     $ 2.83    
 
 
$
9.04
 
  $ 8.56  
Average number of diluted common shares (thousands)
 
 
 1,416,149
 
     1,414,166        1,394,939      
 
 1,412,644
 
     1,389,857  
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars) – adjusted
(8)
 
$
3.26
 
  $ 2.92     $ 2.83    
 
 
$
9.03
 
  $ 8.55  
ROE – adjusted
(8)
 
 
16.4%
    15.5%     15.4%    
 
15.6%
    16.0%
Effective income tax rate – adjusted
(8)
 
 
16.9%
    19.8%     16.3%  
 
 
 
18.3%
    18.0%
           
Adjusted efficiency ratio
(8)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenue
 
$
14,631
 
  $ 14,154     $ 12,977      
$
42,270
 
  $ 38,779  
Add specified item: Management of closing capital volatility related to the HSBC Canada transaction
(before-tax)
(3), (5)
 
 
–
 
    (155 )      –      
 
131
 
    –  
Total revenue – adjusted
 
$
14,631
 
  $ 13,999     $ 12,977      
$
42,401
 
  $ 38,779  
Non-interest
expense
 
$
8,599
 
  $ 8,308     $ 7,765      
$
25,231
 
  $ 22,754  
Less specified item: HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs
(before-tax)
(3)
 
 
160
 
    358       110      
 
783
 
    177  
Less: Amortization of acquisition-related intangibles
(before-tax)
(6)
 
 
154
 
    106       81      
 
340
 
    249  
Non-interest
expense – adjusted
 
$
8,285
 
  $ 7,844     $ 7,574      
$
24,108
 
  $ 22,328  
Efficiency ratio
 
 
58.8%
    58.7%     59.8%    
 
59.7%
    58.7%
Efficiency ratio – adjusted
 
 
56.6%
    56.0%     58.4%  
 
 
 
56.9%
    57.6%
 
(1)   Amounts have been restated from those previously presented as part of the adoption of IFRS 17, effective November 1, 2023. Refer to Note 2 of our Condensed Financial Statements for further details on these changes.
(2)   ROE is based on actual balances of average common equity before rounding.
(3)   These amounts have been recognized in Corporate Support.
(4)   As at July 31, 2024, the cumulative HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs
(before-tax)
incurred were $1.2 billion and it is currently estimated that an additional $0.3 billion will be incurred, for a total of approximately $1.5 billion.
(5)   For the nine months ended July 31, 2024 and the three months ended April 30, 2024, we included management of closing capital volatility related to the HSBC Canada transaction as a specified item for
non-GAAP
measures and
non-GAAP
ratios. Refer to the Key corporate events section for further details.
(6)   Represents the impact of amortization of acquisition-related intangibles (excluding amortization of software), and any goodwill impairment.
(7)   The impact of the CRD and other tax related adjustments does not include $0.2 billion recognized in other comprehensive income.
(8)   See Glossary for composition of these measures.

Table of Contents
16   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Personal & Commercial Banking
 
 
     As at or for the three months ended          As at or for the nine months ended  
(Millions of Canadian dollars,
except percentage amounts and as otherwise noted)
 
July 31
2024
(1)
   
April 30
2024
(1)
   
July 31
2023
        
July 31
2024
(1)
   
July 31
2023
 
Net interest income
 
$
5,052
 
  $ 4,400     $ 4,062      
$
13,668
 
  $ 11,886  
Non-interest
income
 
 
1,673
 
    1,590       1,501      
 
4,841
 
    4,516  
Total revenue
 
 
6,725
 
    5,990       5,563      
 
18,509
 
    16,402  
PCL on performing assets
 
 
68
 
    245       5      
 
463
 
    268  
PCL on impaired assets
 
 
539
 
    509       300      
 
1,532
 
    860  
PCL
 
 
607
 
    754       305      
 
1,995
 
    1,128  
Non-interest
expense
 
 
2,715
 
    2,428       2,319      
 
7,482
 
    6,805  
Income before income taxes
 
 
3,403
 
    2,808       2,939      
 
9,032
 
    8,469  
Net income
 
$
2,490
 
  $ 2,051     $ 2,134        
$
6,602
 
  $ 6,175  
Revenue by business
           
Canadian Banking
 
$
6,445
 
  $ 5,704     $ 5,292      
$

17,665

 

  $ 15,616  
Caribbean & U.S. Banking
 
 
280
 
    286       271        
 
844
 
    786  
Selected balance sheet and other information
           
ROE
(2)
 
 
22.0%
    23.2%     28.1%    
 
23.5%
    28.1%
NIM
 
 
2.89%
    2.82%     2.74%    
 
2.83%
    2.73%
Efficiency ratio
(3)
 
 
40.4%
    40.5%     41.7%    
 
40.4%
    41.5%
Operating leverage
(3)
 
 
3.8%
    5.5%     (1.5)%      
 
2.9%
    1.1%
Average total earning assets, net
 
$
696,100
 
  $ 634,900     $ 588,400      
$
645,600
 
  $ 581,400  
Average loans and acceptances, net
 
 
698,800
 
    643,500       596,000      
 
652,200
 
    588,200  
Average deposits
 
 
731,200
 
    664,800       601,100      
 
675,600
 
    589,600  
AUA
(4), (5)
 
 
429,200
 
    405,400       357,500      
 
429,200
 
    357,500  
Average AUA
 
 
419,700
 
    385,700       349,100      
 
387,600
 
    346,800  
PCL on impaired loans as a % of average net loans and acceptances
 
 
0.31%
    0.32%     0.20%    
 
0.31%
    0.20%
Other selected information – Canadian Banking
                                           
Net income
 
$
2,399
 
  $ 1,959     $ 2,043      
$
6,325
 
  $ 5,924  
NIM
 
 
2.84%
    2.76%     2.68%    
 
2.78%
    2.69%
Efficiency ratio
 
 
39.3%
    39.3%     40.5%    
 
39.3%
    40.3%
Operating leverage
 
 
3.6%
    5.8%     (2.0)%        
 
2.8%
    0.8%
 
(1)   On March 28, 2024, we completed the HSBC Canada transaction. HSBC Canada results have been consolidated from the closing date, which impacted results, balances and ratios for the periods ended July 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024. For further details, refer to the Key corporate events section.
(2)   Effective November 1, 2023, our attributed capital methodology incorporates leverage requirements to allocate capital to our business segments. For further details on changes to our attributed capital methodology, refer to the How we measure and report our business segments section.
(3)   See Glossary for composition of this measure.
(4)   AUA represents
period-end
spot balances and includes securitized residential mortgages and credit card loans as at July 31, 2024 of $15 billion and $6 billion, respectively (April 30, 2024 – $16 billion and $6 billion; July 31, 2023 – $13 billion and $7 billion).
(5)   Comparative amounts for the three months and nine months ended July 31, 2023 have been revised from those previously presented.
Financial performance
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023
Net income increased $356 million or 17% from a year ago. The inclusion of HSBC Canada results increased net income by $198 million. Excluding HSBC Canada results, net income increased $158 million or 7%, primarily driven by higher net interest income reflecting higher spreads and average volume growth of 8% in Canadian Banking, partially offset by higher PCL.
Total revenue increased $1,162 million or 21%.
Canadian Banking revenue increased $1,153 million or 22%, of which $653 million reflects the inclusion of HSBC Canada revenue. The remaining increase of $500 million or 9% was primarily due to higher net interest income reflecting higher spreads and average volume growth of 10% in deposits and 6% in loans. The prior year impact of harmonized sales tax (HST) on payment card clearing services also contributed to the increase.
Caribbean & U.S. Banking revenue increased $9 million or 3%.
NIM was up 15 bps, mainly due to the impact of the higher interest rate environment and changes in product mix. The inclusion of HSBC Canada also contributed to the increase reflecting the accretion of fair value adjustments. These factors were partially offset by competitive pricing pressures.
PCL increased $302 million, primarily due to higher provisions on impaired loans in our Canadian Banking retail and commercial portfolios in a few sectors, including the real estate and related and forest products sectors, resulting in an increase of 11 bps in the PCL on impaired loans ratio.
Non-interest
expense increased $396 million or 17%, of which $292 million reflects the inclusion of HSBC Canada
non-interest
expense. The remaining increase of $104 million or 4% was primarily due to higher staff-related costs, marketing costs largely associated with new client acquisition campaigns, and professional fees.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   17
 
Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024
Net income increased $439 million or 21% from last quarter. The inclusion of HSBC Canada results increased net income by $259 million, as the current quarter includes a full quarter of net income and the prior quarter reflected the initial PCL on the performing loans purchased in the HSBC Canada transaction. Excluding HSBC Canada results, net income increased $180 million or 9%, primarily driven by higher net interest income reflecting average volume growth of 2% in Canadian Banking, the impact of two more days in the current quarter and higher spreads in Canadian Banking. These factors were partially offset by higher staff-related costs.
NIM was up 7 bps, mainly due to changes in product mix, the inclusion of HSBC Canada reflecting the accretion of fair value adjustments and the favourable impact of the higher interest rate environment. These factors were partially offset by competitive pricing pressures.
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023 (Nine months ended)
Net income increased $427 million or 7% from the same period last year. The inclusion of HSBC Canada results increased net income by $137 million. Excluding HSBC Canada results, net income increased $290 million or 5%, primarily driven by higher net interest income reflecting higher spreads and average volume growth of 7% in Canadian Banking. Higher non-interest income also contributed to the increase. These factors were partially offset by higher PCL and higher non-interest expenses.
Total revenue increased $2,107 million or 13%, of which $859 million reflects the inclusion of HSBC Canada revenue. The remaining increase of $1,248 million or 8% was primarily due to higher net interest income reflecting spreads and average volume growth of 9% in deposits and 6% in loans. Higher service charges, mainly reflecting higher client activity, and the prior year impact of HST on payment card clearing services also contributed to the increase.
PCL increased $867 million or 77%, largely due to higher provisions on impaired loans in our Canadian Banking retail and commercial portfolios across many sectors, including the automotive and real estate and related sectors, resulting in an increase of 11 bps in the PCL on impaired loans ratio. Higher provisions on performing loans also contributed to the increase, mainly reflecting the initial PCL on the performing loans purchased in the HSBC Canada transaction and unfavourable changes in credit quality, partially offset by favourable changes to our macroeconomic forecast.
Non-interest
expense increased $677 million or 10%, of which $381 million reflects the inclusion of HSBC Canada
non-interest
expense. The remaining increase of $296 million or 4% was primarily due to higher marketing costs largely associated with new client acquisition campaigns, as well as higher staff-related costs, ongoing technology investments and higher professional fees.

Table of Contents
18   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Wealth Management
 
 
     As at or for the three months ended          As at or for the nine months ended  
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except number of,
percentage amounts and as otherwise noted)
 
July 31
2024 
(1)
   
April 30
2024
(1)
   
July 31
2023
(2)
        
July 31
2024 
(1)
   
July 31
2023 
(2)
 
Net interest income
(3)
 
$
1,133
 
  $ 1,136     $ 1,047      
$
3,419
 
  $ 3,352  
Non-interest
income
(3)
 
 
3,632
 
    3,482       3,355      
 
10,501
 
    10,004  
Total revenue
 
 
4,765
 
    4,618       4,402      
 
13,920
 
    13,356  
PCL on performing assets
 
 
(16
) 
    (19 )      64      
 
(62
) 
    90  
PCL on impaired assets
 
 
32
 
    46       38      
 
116
 
    106  
PCL
 
 
16
 
    27       102      
 
54
 
    196  
Non-interest
expense
 
 
3,679
 
    3,653       3,498      
 
11,100
 
    10,379  
Income before income taxes
 
 
1,070
 
    938       802      
 
2,766
 
    2,781  
Net income
 
$
862
 
  $ 769     $ 663        
$
2,237
 
  $ 2,212  
Revenue by business
           
Canadian Wealth Management
 
$
1,304
 
  $ 1,222     $ 1,111      
$
3,703
 
  $ 3,316  
U.S. Wealth Management (including City National)
 
 
2,206
 
    2,211       1,969      
 
6,575
 
    6,102  
U.S. Wealth Management (including City National) (US$ millions)
 
 
1,610
 
    1,622       1,477      
 
4,841
 
    4,539  
Global Asset Management
 
 
750
 
    705       635      
 
2,180
 
    1,952  
International Wealth Management
 
 
328
 
    300       324      
 
945
 
    935  
Investor Services
(4)
 
 
177
 
    180       363        
 
517
 
    1,051  
Selected balance sheet and other information
           
ROE
(5)
 
 
14.3%
    13.5%     10.8%    
 
12.8%
    12.0%
NIM
 
 
2.98%
    3.06%     2.48%    
 
3.04%
    2.58%
Pre-tax
margin
(6)
 
 
22.5%
    20.3%     18.2%    
 
19.9%
    20.8%
Number of advisors
(7)
 
 
6,092
 
    6,128       6,239      
 
6,092
 
    6,239  
Average total earning assets, net
 
$
151,200
 
  $ 151,100     $ 167,400      
$
150,400
 
  $ 173,800  
Average loans and acceptances, net
 
 
114,000
 
    112,400       112,400      
 
112,800
 
    113,600  
Average deposits
(4)
 
 
159,100
 
    156,700       154,300      
 
157,100
 
    166,300  
AUA
(4), (8)
 
 
 4,266,800
 
     4,120,600        4,043,600      
 
 4,266,800
 
     4,043,600  
U.S. Wealth Management (including City National)
(8)
 
 
894,200
 
    840,700       756,300      
 
894,200
 
    756,300  
U.S. Wealth Management (including City National) (US$ millions)
(8)
 
 
647,800
 
    610,800       573,500      
 
647,800
 
    573,500  
Investor Services
(8)
 
 
2,499,600
 
    2,456,300       2,544,500      
 
2,499,600
 
    2,544,500  
AUM
(8)
 
 
1,290,600
 
    1,214,100       1,086,800      
 
1,290,600
 
    1,086,800  
Average AUA
(4)
 
 
4,225,300
 
    4,159,400       4,987,300      
 
4,149,800
 
    5,301,000  
Average AUM
 
 
1,263,500
 
    1,200,000       1,074,600      
 
1,195,200
 
    1,054,000  
PCL on impaired loans as a % of average net loans and acceptances
 
 
0.11%
    0.17%     0.13%      
 
0.14%
    0.12%
 
Estimated impact of U.S. dollar, British pound
and Euro translation on key income statement items
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts)
 
For the three
months ended
       
For the nine
months ended
 
 
Q3 2024 vs.
Q3 2023
   
Q3 2024 vs.
Q2 2024
        
Q3 2024 vs.
Q3 2023
 
Increase (decrease):
       
Total revenue
 
$
80
 
 
$
23
 
   
$
119
 
PCL
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
Non-interest
expense
 
 
65
 
 
 
18
 
   
 
98
 
Net income
 
 
13
 
 
 
4
 
     
 
18
 
Percentage change in average U.S. dollar equivalent of C$1.00
 
 
(3)%
 
 
 
(1)%
 
   
 
(1)%
 
Percentage change in average British pound equivalent of C$1.00
 
 
(3)%
 
 
 
(2)%
 
   
 
(3)%
 
Percentage change in average Euro equivalent of C$1.00
 
 
(2)%
 
 
 
(1)%
 
     
 
(1)%
 
 
(1)   On March 28, 2024, we completed the HSBC Canada transaction. HSBC Canada results have been consolidated from the closing date, which impacted results, balances and ratios for the periods ended July 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024. For further details, refer to the Key corporate events section.
(2)   Effective the fourth quarter of 2023, we moved the Investor Services lending business from our Wealth Management segment to our Capital Markets segment. Therefore, comparative results for the three months and nine months ended July 31, 2023 have been revised from those previously presented.
(3)   Amounts for the three months and nine months ended July 31, 2023 have been revised from those previously presented.
(4)   We completed the sale of RBC Investor Services operations in Europe, Jersey and the U.K to CACEIS on July 3, 2023, December 1, 2023 and March 25, 2024, respectively (the sale of RBC Investor Services operations). For further details, refer to Note 6 of our Condensed Financial Statements.
(5)   Effective November 1, 2023, our attributed capital methodology incorporates leverage requirements to allocate capital to our business segments. For further details on changes to our attributed capital methodology, refer to How we measure and report our business segments section.
(6)  
Pre-tax
margin is defined as Income before income taxes divided by Total revenue.
(7)   Represents client-facing advisors across all of our Wealth Management businesses.
(8)   Represents
period-end
spot balances.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   19
 
Financial performance
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023
Net income increased $199 million or 30% from a year ago, mainly due to higher fee-based client assets reflecting market appreciation and net sales, which also drove higher variable compensation. Higher transactional revenue and lower PCL also contributed to the increase. The prior year also included the gain on the sale of RBC Investor Services operations.
Total revenue increased $363 million or 8%.
Canadian Wealth Management revenue increased $193 million or 17%, primarily due to higher fee-based client assets reflecting market appreciation and net sales. Higher transactional revenue, mainly driven by client activity, also contributed to the increase.
U.S. Wealth Management (including City National) revenue increased $237 million or 12%. In U.S. dollars, revenue increased $133 million or 9%, mainly due to higher fee-based client assets reflecting market appreciation and net sales. Higher net interest income primarily driven by higher spreads also contributed to the increase.
Global Asset Management revenue increased $115 million or 18%, mainly due to higher fee-based client assets reflecting market appreciation and net sales. Changes in the fair value of seed capital investments also contributed to the increase.
International Wealth Management revenue increased $4 million or 1%.
Investor Services revenue decreased $186 million or 51%, largely reflecting reduced revenue following the sale of RBC Investor Services operations. The prior year also included the gain on the sale of RBC Investor Services operations.
PCL decreased $86 million or 84%, primarily due to releases of provisions on performing loans in the current quarter in U.S. Wealth Management (including City National), mainly driven by favourable changes in scenario weights, as compared to provisions taken in the prior year.
Non-interest
expense increased $181 million or 5%, primarily driven by higher variable compensation commensurate with increased commissionable revenue. This was partially offset by reduced expenses following the sale of RBC Investor Services operations.
Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024
Net income increased $93 million or 12% from last quarter, primarily due to higher fee-based client assets reflecting market appreciation, which also drove higher variable compensation.
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023 (Nine months ended)
Net income increased $25 million or 1% from the same period last year, largely due to higher fee-based client assets reflecting market appreciation and net sales, which also drove higher variable compensation. Higher transactional revenue also contributed to the increase. These factors were partially offset by the cost of the FDIC special assessment.
Total revenue increased $564 million or 4%, primarily due to higher fee-based client assets reflecting market appreciation and net sales. Higher transactional revenue, mainly driven by client activity and the impact of foreign exchange translation also contributed to the increase. These factors were partially offset by reduced revenue following the sale of RBC Investor Services operations.
PCL decreased $142 million or 72%, mainly due to releases of provisions on performing loans in the current period in U.S. Wealth Management (including City National), primarily driven by favourable changes to our macroeconomic forecast and scenario weights, as compared to provisions taken in the same period last year.
Non-interest expense increased $721 million or 7%, largely due to higher variable compensation commensurate with increased commissionable revenue. The cost of the FDIC special assessment, higher staff costs mainly reflecting continued investments in the operational infrastructure of City National and the impact of foreign exchange translation also contributed to the increase. These factors were partially offset by reduced expenses following the sale of RBC Investor Services operations.

Table of Contents
20   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Insurance
 
 
     As at or for the three months ended          As at or for the nine months ended  
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts and as otherwise noted)
 
July 31
2024
   
April 30
2024
   
July 31
2023 
(1), (2)
        
July 31
2024
   
July 31
2023 
(1), (2)
 
Non-interest
income
           
Insurance service result
 
$
214
 
  $ 203     $ 149      
$
604
 
  $ 566  
Insurance investment result
 
 
28
 
    59       151      
 
228
 
    92  
Other income
 
 
43
 
    36       36      
 
114
 
    104  
Total revenue
 
 
285
 
    298       336      
 
946
 
    762  
PCL
 
 
1
 
    –       –      
 
2
 
    –  
Non-interest
expense
 
 
70
 
    69       69      
 
210
 
    204  
Income before income taxes
 
 
214
 
    229       267      
 
734
 
    558  
Net income
 
$
170
 
  $ 177     $ 215        
$
567
 
  $ 452  
Selected balances and other information
           
ROE
 
 
 33.6%
    34.7%     38.5%    
 
36.5%
    28.2%
Premiums and deposits
(3)
 
$
1,546
 
  $  1,610     $  1,974      
$
 4,502
 
  $  4,632  
Contractual service margin (CSM)
(4)
 
 
2,155
 
    1,980       1,894        
 
2,155
 
    1,894  
 
(1)   Amounts have been restated from those previously presented as part of the adoption of IFRS 17, effective November 1, 2023. Refer to Note 2 of our Condensed Financial Statements for further details on these changes.
(2)   The 2023 restated results may not be fully comparable to the current period as we were not managing our asset and liability portfolios under IFRS 17.
(3)   Premiums and deposits include premiums on risk-based individual and group insurance and annuity products as well as segregated fund deposits, consistent with insurance industry practices.
(4)   Represents the CSM of insurance contract assets and liabilities net of reinsurance contract held assets and liabilities. For insurance contracts, the CSM represents the unearned profit (net inflows) for providing insurance coverage. For reinsurance contracts held, the CSM represents the net cost or net gain of purchasing reinsurance. The CSM is not applicable to contracts measured using the premium allocation approach.
Financial performance
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023
Net income decreased $45 million or 21% from a year ago, largely due to lower insurance investment result from lower favourable investment-related experience, partially offset by lower capital funding costs. This was partially offset by higher insurance service result, largely attributable to improved claims experience in life retrocession and business growth across the majority of our products. The results in the prior period are not fully comparable as we were not managing our asset and liability portfolios under IFRS 17.
Total revenue decreased $51 million or 15%, primarily due to lower insurance investment result, partially offset by higher insurance service result, as noted above.
Non-interest
expense increased $1 million or 1%.
Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024
Net income decreased $7 million or 4% from last quarter, largely due to lower insurance investment result from lower favourable investment-related experience. This factor was largely offset by higher insurance service result, mainly due to business growth across the majority of our products.
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023 (Nine months ended)
Net income increased $115 million or 25% from the same period last year, primarily due to higher insurance investment result largely attributable to lower capital funding costs and favourable investment-related experience as we repositioned our portfolio for the transition to IFRS 17. Higher insurance service result, mainly due to business growth across the majority of our products, also contributed to the increase. The results in the prior period are not fully comparable as we were not managing our asset and liability portfolios under IFRS 17.
Total revenue increased $184 million or 24%, primarily due to higher insurance investment result and higher insurance service result, as noted above.
Non-interest
expense increased $6 million or 3%.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   21
 
Capital Markets
 
 
     As at or for the three months ended            As at or for the nine months ended  
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except
percentage amounts and as otherwise noted)
 
July 31
2024 
(1)
   
April 30
2024 
(1)
   
July 31
2023
(2)
          
July 31
2024 
(1)
   
July 31
2023 
(2)
 
Net interest income
(3)
 
$
817
 
  $ 764     $ 907      
$
2,242
 
  $ 2,650  
Non-interest
income
(3)
 
 
2,187
 
    2,390       1,772      
 
6,867
 
    5,837  
Total revenue
(3)
 
 
3,004
 
    3,154       2,679      
 
9,109
 
    8,487  
PCL on performing assets
 
 
(12
) 
    22       51      
 
16
 
    100  
PCL on impaired assets
 
 
50
 
    115       158      
 
326
 
    324  
PCL
 
 
38
 
    137       209      
 
342
 
    424  
Non-interest
expense
 
 
1,755
 
    1,722       1,620      
 
5,119
 
    4,831  
Income before income taxes
 
 
1,211
 
    1,295       850      
 
3,648
 
    3,232  
Net income
 
$
1,172
 
  $ 1,262     $ 949            
$
3,588
 
  $ 3,152  
Revenue by business
           
Corporate & Investment Banking
(4)
 
$
1,645
 
  $ 1,736     $ 1,333      
$
4,810
 
  $ 4,132  
Global Markets
(4)
 
 
1,414
 
    1,434       1,426      
 
4,530
 
    4,591  
Other
 
 
(55
) 
    (16 )      (80 )           
 
(231
) 
    (236 ) 
Selected balance sheet and other information
           
ROE
(5)
 
 
   14.1%
    16.3%     13.4%    
 
15.0%
    14.7%
Average total assets
 
$
 1,089,600
 
  $  1,154,300     $  1,089,500      
$
 1,146,200
 
  $  1,095,900  
Average trading securities
 
 
176,400
 
    179,200       157,400      
 
186,600
 
    151,900  
Average loans and acceptances, net
 
 
152,200
 
    149,900       143,600      
 
148,000
 
    145,600  
Average deposits
 
 
298,000
 
    294,100       285,500      
 
294,900
 
    296,400  
PCL on impaired loans as a % of average net loans and acceptances
 
 
 0.13%
    0.31%     0.44%          
 
0.29%
    0.31%
 
Estimated impact of U.S. dollar, British pound
and Euro translation on key income statement items
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts)
 
For the three
months ended
         
For the nine
months ended
 
 
Q3 2024 vs.
Q3 2023
          
Q3 2024 vs.
Q2 2024
          
Q3 2024 vs.
Q3 2023
 
Increase (decrease):
         
Total revenue
 
$
88
 
   
$
25
 
   
$
130
 
PCL
 
 
(1
) 
   
 
–
 
   
 
1
 
Non-interest
expense
 
 
37
 
   
 
12
 
   
 
60
 
Net income
 
 
45
 
         
 
11
 
         
 
62
 
Percentage change in average U.S. dollar equivalent of C$1.00
 
 
(3)%
 
   
 
(1)%
 
   
 
(1)%
 
Percentage change in average British pound equivalent of C$1.00
 
 
(3)%
 
   
 
(2)%
 
   
 
(3)%
 
Percentage change in average Euro equivalent of C$1.00
 
 
(2)%
 
         
 
(1)%
 
         
 
(1)%
 
 
(1)   On March 28, 2024, we completed the HSBC Canada transaction. HSBC Canada results have been consolidated from the closing date, which impacted results, balances and ratios for the periods ended July 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024. For further details, refer to the Key corporate events section.
(2)   Effective the fourth quarter of 2023, we moved the Investor Services lending business from our Wealth Management segment to our Capital Markets segment. Therefore, comparative results for the three months and nine months ended July 31, 2023 have been revised from those previously presented.
(3)   The taxable equivalent basis (teb) adjustment for the three months ended July 31, 2024 was $231 million (April 30, 2024 – $(4) million; July 31, 2023 – $113 million) and for the nine months ended July 31, 2024 was $281 million (July 31, 2023 – $442 million). For further discussion, refer to the How we measure and report our business segments section of our 2023 Annual Report.
(4)   Effective the third quarter of 2024, we moved the majority of our debt origination business from Global Markets to Corporate & Investment Banking. Comparative amounts have been revised from those previously presented.
(5)   Effective November 1, 2023, our attributed capital methodology incorporates leverage requirements to allocate capital to our business segments. For further details on changes to our attributed capital methodology, refer to the How we measure and report our business segments section.
Financial performance
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023
Net income increased $223 million or 23% from a year ago, primarily driven by higher revenue in Corporate & Investment Banking and lower PCL. These factors were partially offset by higher taxes reflecting changes in earnings mix and higher compensation on increased results.
Total revenue increased $325 million or 12%.
Corporate & Investment Banking revenue increased $312 million or 23%, primarily due to higher municipal banking activity. Higher loan syndication activity in the U.S., higher debt origination in North America and the impact of foreign exchange translation also contributed to the increase.
Global Markets revenue decreased $12 million or 1%, largely due to lower fixed income trading revenue in the U.S. and lower equity trading revenue in North America. These factors were partially offset by higher debt origination in North America and the impact of foreign exchange translation.
Other revenue improved $25 million or 31%, reflecting lower unallocated funding and capital costs.
PCL decreased $171 million or 82%, mainly due to lower provisions on impaired loans in a few sectors, including the real estate and related and industrial products sectors, resulting in a decrease of 31 bps in the PCL on impaired loans ratio. Releases of provisions on performing loans in the current quarter as compared to the provisions taken in the prior year also contributed to the decrease.
Non-interest
expense increased $135 million or 8%, mainly driven by higher compensation on increased results and the impact of foreign exchange translation.

Table of Contents
22   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024
Net income decreased $90 million or 7% from last quarter, mainly due to lower M&A activity in the U.S., partially offset by lower PCL on impaired loans in a few sectors.
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023 (Nine months ended)
Net income increased $436 million or 14% from the same period last year, mainly driven by higher revenue in Corporate & Investment Banking, partially offset by higher compensation on increased results and lower revenue in Global Markets.
Total revenue increased $622 million or 7%, mainly due to higher debt origination across all regions and higher M&A activity across most regions. These factors were partially offset by lower equity trading revenue in Canada.
PCL decreased $82 million or 19%, mainly reflecting lower provisions on performing loans, largely due to favourable changes to our macroeconomic forecast and scenario weights.
Non-interest
expense increased $288 million or 6%, mainly driven by higher compensation on increased results. The impact of foreign exchange translation and ongoing technology investments also contributed to the increase.
 
Corporate Support
 
 
     For the three months ended            For the nine months ended  
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
July 31
2024
   
April 30
2024
   
July 31
2023
          
July 31
2024
   
July 31
2023
 
Net interest income (loss)
(1), (2)
 
$
325
 
  $ 323     $ 270      
$
953
 
  $ 699  
Non-interest
income (loss)
(1), (2), (3)
 
 
(473
) 
    (229 )      (273 )     
 
(1,167
) 
    (927 ) 
Total revenue
(1), (3)
 
 
(148
) 
    94       (3 )     
 
(214
) 
    (228 ) 
PCL
 
 
(3
) 
    2       –      
 
(1
) 
    –  
Non-interest
expense
(3)
 
 
380
 
    436       259      
 
1,320
 
    535  
Income (loss) before income taxes
(1)
 
 
(525
) 
    (344 )      (262 )     
 
(1,533
) 
    (763 ) 
Income taxes (recoveries)
(1)
 
 
(317
) 
    (35 )      (161 )     
 
(557
) 
    555  
Net income (loss)
 
$
(208
) 
  $ (309 )    $ (101 )   
 
 
 
 
$
(976
) 
  $ (1,318 ) 
 
(1)   Teb adjusted.
(2)   Amounts for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023 have been revised from those previously presented.
(3)   Revenue for the three months ended July 31, 2024 included gains of $166 million (April 30, 2024 and July 31, 2023 – gains of $64 million and gains of $129 million, respectively) on economic hedges of our U.S. Wealth Management (including City National) share-based compensation plans, and
non-interest
expense included $157 million (April 30, 2024 and July 31, 2023 – $60 million and $118 million, respectively) of share-based compensation expense driven by changes in the fair value of liabilities relating to our U.S. Wealth Management (including City National) share-based compensation plans. Revenue for the nine months ended July 31, 2024 included gains of $452 million (July 31, 2023 – gains of $261 million) on economic hedges of our U.S. Wealth Management (including City National) share-based compensation plans, and
non-interest
expense included $423 million (July 31, 2023 – $237 million) of share-based compensation expense driven by changes in the fair value of liabilities relating to our U.S. Wealth Management (including City National) share-based compensation plans.
Due to the nature of activities and consolidation adjustments reported in this segment, we believe that a comparative period analysis is not relevant.
Total revenue and Income taxes (recoveries) in Corporate Support include the deduction of the teb adjustment related to
gross-up
of income from the U.S. tax credit investment business and income from Canadian taxable corporate dividends received on or before December 31, 2023 that are recorded in Capital Markets. For further details on the elimination of the availability of the dividend received deduction for Canadian taxable corporate dividends after December 31, 2023, refer to the Economic, market and regulatory review and outlook section.
The teb amount for the three months ended July 31, 2024 was $231 million, compared to $(4) million in the prior quarter and $113 million in the same quarter last year. The teb amount for the nine months ended July 31, 2024 was $281 million, compared to $442 million in the same period last year.
The following identifies the material items, other than the teb impacts noted previously, affecting the reported results in each period.
Q3 2024
Net loss was $208 million, primarily due to the after-tax impact of the HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs of $125 million, which is treated as a specified item. Unallocated costs also contributed to the net loss.
Q2 2024
Net loss was $309 million, primarily due to the
after-tax
impact of the HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs of $282 million, partially offset by the
after-tax
impact of management of closing capital volatility related to the HSBC Canada transaction of $112 million, both of which are treated as specified items. Unallocated costs also contributed to the net loss.
Q3 2023
Net loss was $101 million, primarily due to the
after-tax
impact of the HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs of $84 million, which is treated as a specified item.
Q3 2024 (Nine months ended)
Net loss was $976 million, primarily due to the after-tax impact of the HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs of $625 million, which is treated as a specified item. Unallocated costs also contributed to the net loss.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   23
 
Q3 2023 (Nine months ended)
Net loss was $1,318 million, primarily due to the impact of the CRD and other tax related adjustments of $1,050 million, as well as the
after-tax
impact of the HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs of $135 million, both of which are treated as specified items.
For further details on specified items, refer to the Key performance and
non-GAAP
measures section.
 
Quarterly results and trend analysis
 
Our quarterly results are impacted by a number of trends and recurring factors, which include seasonality of certain businesses, general economic and market conditions, and fluctuations in the Canadian dollar relative to other currencies. The following table summarizes our results for the last eight quarters (the period):
Quarterly results
(1), (2)
 
    
2024
           2023 
(3)
           2022  
(Millions of Canadian dollars,
except per share and percentage amounts)
 
Q3 
(4)
           Q2 
(4)
    Q1            Q4     Q3     Q2     Q1            Q4  
Personal & Commercial Banking
 
$
6,725
 
    $ 5,990     $ 5,794       $ 5,718     $ 5,563     $ 5,298     $ 5,541       $ 5,419  
Wealth Management
(5)
 
 
4,765
 
      4,618       4,537         4,188       4,402       4,394       4,560         4,287  
Insurance
(2)
 
 
285
 
      298       363         248       336       272       154         644  
Capital Markets
(5), (6)
 
 
3,004
 
      3,154       2,951         2,564       2,679       2,662       3,146         2,505  
Corporate Support
(6)
 
 
(148
) 
            94       (160 )              (33 )      (3 )      (181 )      (44 )              (288 ) 
Total revenue
 
 
 14,631
 
       14,154        13,485          12,685        12,977        12,445        13,357          12,567  
PCL
 
 
659
 
      920       813         720       616       600       532         381  
PBCAE
(7)
 
 
 n.a.
      n.a.     n.a.       n.a.     n.a.     n.a.     n.a.       116  
Non-interest
expense
 
 
8,599
 
            8,308       8,324               8,059       7,765       7,400       7,589               7,209  
Income before income taxes
 
 
5,373
 
      4,926       4,348         3,906       4,596       4,445       5,236         4,861  
Income taxes
 
 
887
 
            976       766               (33 )      736       765       2,103               979  
Net income
 
$
4,486
 
          $ 3,950     $ 3,582             $ 3,939     $ 3,860     $ 3,680     $ 3,133             $ 3,882  
EPS  – basic
 
$
3.09
 
    $ 2.75     $ 2.50       $ 2.77     $ 2.73     $ 2.60     $ 2.23       $ 2.75  
   – diluted
 
 
3.09
 
            2.74       2.50               2.76       2.73       2.60       2.23               2.74  
Effective income tax rate
 
 
16.5%
      19.8%     17.6%       (0.8)%       16.0%     17.2%     40.2%       20.1%
Period average US$ equivalent of C$1.00
 
$
0.730
 
          $ 0.734     $ 0.745             $ 0.732     $ 0.750     $ 0.737     $ 0.745             $ 0.739  
 
(1)   Fluctuations in the Canadian dollar relative to other foreign currencies have affected our consolidated results over the period.
(2)   Effective November 1, 2023, we adopted IFRS 17. The quarterly trend for the Insurance segment will not be fully comparable across the periods presented as they have been prepared under a different basis of accounting. The 2023 results have been restated as part of our adoption of IFRS 17 while results for fiscal 2022 are reported in accordance with IFRS 4
Insurance Contracts
.
(3)   Amounts have been restated from those previously presented as part of the adoption of IFRS 17, effective November 1, 2023. Refer to Note 2 of our Condensed Financial Statements for further details on these changes.
(4)   On March 28, 2024, we completed the HSBC Canada transaction. HSBC Canada results have been consolidated from the closing date, and are included in our Personal & Commercial Banking, Wealth Management and Capital Markets segments. For further details, refer to the Key corporate events section.
(5)   Effective the fourth quarter of 2023, we moved the Investor Services lending business from our Wealth Management segment to our Capital Markets segment. Therefore, comparative results have been revised from those previously presented.
(6)   Teb adjusted. For further discussion, refer to the How we measure and report our business segments section of our 2023 Annual Report.
(7)   As part of our adoption of IFRS 17, Insurance policyholder benefits, claims and acquisition expense (PBCAE) is no longer applicable. 2023 amounts have been restated from those previously presented.
n.a.   not applicable
Seasonality
Seasonal factors may impact our results in certain quarters. The first quarter has historically been stronger for our Capital Markets businesses. The second quarter has fewer days than the other quarters, which generally results in a decrease in net interest income and certain expense items. The third and fourth quarters include the summer months, which generally results in lower client activity and may negatively impact the results of our Capital Markets trading business.
Trend analysis
Earnings over the period have been impacted by the factors noted below.
Personal & Commercial Banking revenue has benefitted from solid volume growth in loans and deposits over the period. NIM has been favourably impacted over the majority of the period by the higher interest rate environment. NIM was adversely impacted by a shift in deposit mix over fiscal 2023 and the first half of 2024. HSBC Canada revenue has been included since the transaction closed on March 28, 2024.
Wealth Management revenue has generally benefitted from growth in average
fee-based
client assets, which was impacted by market conditions. On July 3, 2023, we completed the sale of the European asset servicing activities of RBC Investor Services and its associated Malaysian centre of excellence. The fourth quarter of 2023 reflected impairment losses on our interest in an associated company.
As part of our adoption of IFRS 17, effective November 1, 2023, fluctuations in Insurance revenue are reflective of market conditions and insurance experience, while new business gains are deferred through CSM.
Capital Markets revenue is influenced, to a large extent, by market conditions that impact client activity. In 2023, we saw strong client activity, driving higher sales & trading revenues, which continued into 2024. Beginning in the second quarter of 2024, we also saw an increase in investment banking activity as fee pools were muted in previous quarters.

Table of Contents
24   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
PCL is comprised of provisions taken on performing assets and provisions taken on impaired assets. PCL on performing assets fluctuated over the period as it is impacted by changes in credit quality, macroeconomic conditions, and exposures. Provisions on performing assets over the period have generally been reflective of unfavourable changes in credit quality. During the early part of the period, there were unfavourable changes in our macroeconomic forecast. Starting 2024, we have seen improvements in our macroeconomic forecast. The second quarter of 2024 includes initial PCL on the performing loans purchased in the HSBC Canada transaction. PCL on impaired assets was low during the early part of the period, but has generally trended upwards over the remainder of the period.
Non-interest
expense has been impacted by fluctuations in variable compensation over the period, commensurate with fluctuations in revenue and earnings. Changes in the fair value of our U.S. share-based compensation plans, which are largely offset in revenue, have also contributed to fluctuations over the period and are impacted by market conditions. While we continue to focus on efficiency management activities, expenses over the period also reflect investments in staff and technology. Beginning in fiscal 2023, expenses have also included HSBC Canada transaction and integration costs. HSBC Canada
non-interest
expenses have been included since the transaction closed on March 28, 2024.
Our effective income tax rate has fluctuated over the period, mostly due to varying levels of tax adjustments and changes in earnings mix. The first quarter of 2023 reflects the impact of the CRD and other tax related adjustments. The fourth quarter of 2023 reflects the recognition of deferred tax assets relating to realized losses in City National associated with the intercompany sale of certain debt securities.
 
Financial condition
 
 
Condensed balance sheets
 
 
        As at      
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
July 31
2024
   
October 31
2023
(1)
 
Assets
   
Cash and due from banks
 
$
55,230
 
  $ 61,989  
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
 
 
57,409
 
    71,086  
Securities, net of applicable allowance
(2)
 
 
431,185
 
    409,730  
Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed
 
 
325,401
 
    340,191  
Loans
   
Retail
 
 
619,452
 
    569,951  
Wholesale
 
 
358,143
 
    287,826  
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
(5,798
) 
    (5,004 ) 
Other – Derivatives
 
 
115,659
 
    142,450  
     – Other
 
 
119,426
 
    128,312  
Total assets
 
$
 2,076,107
 
  $  2,006,531  
Liabilities
   
Deposits
 
$
1,361,265
 
  $ 1,231,687  
Other – Derivatives
 
 
126,884
 
    142,629  
     – Other
 
 
450,029
 
    505,682  
Subordinated debentures
 
 
13,437
 
    11,386  
Total liabilities
 
 
1,951,615
 
    1,891,384  
Equity attributable to shareholders
 
 
124,391
 
    115,048  
Non-controlling
interests
 
 
101
 
    99  
Total equity
 
 
124,492
 
    115,147  
Total liabilities and equity
 
$
 2,076,107
 
  $ 2,006,531  
 
(1)   Amounts have been restated from those previously presented as part of the adoption of IFRS 17, effective November 1, 2023. Refer to Note 2 of our Condensed Financial Statements for further details on these changes.
(2)   Securities are comprised of trading and investment securities.
Q3 2024 vs. Q4 2023
Total assets increased $70 billion or 3% from October 31, 2023. Foreign exchange translation decreased total assets by $38 billion.
Cash and due from banks decreased $7 billion or 11%, largely due to lower deposits with central banks reflecting
short-term
cash management activities.
Interest-bearing deposits with banks decreased $14 billion or 19%, primarily due to lower deposits with central banks reflecting short-term cash management activities.
Securities, net of applicable allowance, increased $21 billion or 5%, mainly due to the impact of the HSBC Canada transaction and higher equity trading securities reflecting favourable market conditions. These factors were partially offset by lower Canadian government debt trading securities reflecting liquidity management activities and market conditions.
Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements (reverse repos) and securities borrowed decreased $15 billion or 4%, primarily reflecting decreased client demand.
Loans (net of Allowance for loan losses) increased $119 billion or 14%, primarily due to the impact of the HSBC Canada transaction and volume growth in wholesale loans.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   25
 
Derivative assets decreased $27 billion or 19%, mainly attributable to the impact of foreign exchange translation and lower fair values on interest rate contracts, partially offset by higher fair values on foreign exchange contracts and equity contracts.
Other assets decreased $9 billion or 7%, largely due to lower customers’ liability under acceptances, partially offset by higher goodwill and intangible assets from the impact of the HSBC Canada transaction.
Total liabilities increased $60 billion or 3%. Foreign exchange translation decreased total liabilities by $38 billion.
Deposits increased $130 billion or 11%, primarily due to the impact of the HSBC Canada transaction, higher retail term deposits attributable to clients’ investment preferences and higher demand deposits.
Derivative liabilities decreased $16 billion or 11%, mainly attributable to the impact of foreign exchange translation and lower fair values on interest rate contracts, partially offset by higher fair values on foreign exchange contracts and equity contracts.
Other liabilities decreased $56 billion or 11%, mainly due to lower obligations related to repurchase agreements (repos) reflecting decreased client demand and lower acceptances.
Subordinated debentures increased by $2 billion or 18%, reflecting new issuances, partially offset by redemptions.
Total equity increased $9 billion or 8%, reflecting earnings, net of dividends, and the issuance of limited recourse capital notes and common shares.
 
Off-balance
sheet arrangements
 
In the normal course of business, we engage in a variety of financial transactions that, for accounting purposes, are not recorded on our consolidated balance sheets.
Off-balance
sheet transactions are generally undertaken for risk, capital and funding management purposes which benefit us and our clients. These include transactions with structured entities and may also include the purchase or issuance of guarantees. These transactions give rise to, among other risks, varying degrees of market, credit, liquidity and funding risks, which are discussed in the Risk management section of this Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders.
The following provides an update to our significant
off-balance
sheet transactions, which are described on pages 60 to 63 of our 2023 Annual Report.
Involvement with unconsolidated structured entities
Multi-seller conduits
We administer multi-seller conduits which are used primarily for the securitization of our clients’ financial assets. Our maximum exposure to loss under these transactions primarily relates to backstop liquidity and partial credit enhancement facilities extended to the conduits. As at July 31, 2024, the total assets of the multi-seller conduits were $58 billion (October 31, 2023 – $54 billion) and our maximum exposure to loss was $59 billion (October 31, 2023 – $55 billion). The increase reflects higher securitization activities since October 31, 2023, mainly in the Auto and truck loans and leases and Consumer loans asset classes.
As at July 31, 2024, the total asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) issued by the conduits amounted to $40 billion (October 31, 2023 – $37 billion). The rating agencies that rate the ABCP rated 100% (October 31, 2023 – 100%) of the total amount issued within the top ratings category.
Third-party securitization vehicles
We hold interests in certain unconsolidated third-party securitization vehicles, which are structured entities. We, as well as other financial institutions, are obligated to provide funding to these entities up to our maximum commitment level and are exposed to credit losses on the underlying assets after various credit enhancements. As at July 31, 2024, our maximum exposure to loss in these entities was $18 billion (October 31, 2023 – $15 billion). The increase in our maximum exposure to loss compared to last year reflects an increase in client activity with third-party securitization vehicles.
 
Risk management
 
 
Credit risk
 
Credit risk is the risk of loss associated with an obligor’s potential inability or unwillingness to fulfill its contractual obligations on a timely basis and may arise directly from the risk of default of a primary obligor (e.g., issuer, debtor, counterparty, borrower or policyholder), indirectly from a secondary obligor (e.g., guarantor or reinsurer), through
off-balance
sheet exposures, contingent credit risk, associated credit risk and/or transactional risk. Credit risk includes counterparty credit risk arising from both trading and
non-trading
activities.
Our Enterprise Credit Risk Management Framework (ECRMF) and supporting credit policies are designed to clearly define roles and responsibilities, acceptable practices, limits and key controls. There have been no material changes to our ECRMF as described in our 2023 Annual Report.

Table of Contents
26   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Residential mortgages and home equity lines of credit (insured vs. uninsured)
(1)
Residential mortgages and home equity lines of credit are secured by residential properties. The following table presents a breakdown by geographic region.
 
    
As at July 31, 2024
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars,
except percentage amounts)
 
Residential mortgages
       
Home equity
lines of credit 
(2)
 
 
Insured
(3)
        
Uninsured
        
Total
        
Total
 
Region
(4)
                 
Canada
                 
Atlantic provinces
 
$
8,488
 
 
 
43
% 
   
$
11,412
 
 
 
57
% 
   
$
19,900
 
   
$
1,683
 
Quebec
 
 
11,958
 
 
 
26
 
   
 
34,878
 
 
 
74
 
   
 
46,836
 
   
 
3,236
 
Ontario
 
 
32,043
 
 
 
15
 
   
 
187,129
 
 
 
85
 
   
 
219,172
 
   
 
17,986
 
Alberta
 
 
18,933
 
 
 
44
 
   
 
24,125
 
 
 
56
 
   
 
43,058
 
   
 
4,418
 
Saskatchewan and Manitoba
 
 
8,491
 
 
 
41
 
   
 
12,178
 
 
 
59
 
   
 
20,669
 
   
 
1,740
 
B.C. and territories
 
 
12,799
 
 
 
15
 
     
 
75,240
 
 
 
85
 
     
 
88,039
 
     
 
7,960
 
Total Canada
(5)
 
 
92,712
 
 
 
21
 
   
 
344,962
 
 
 
79
 
   
 
437,674
 
   
 
37,023
 
U.S.
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
32,775
 
 
 
100
 
   
 
32,775
 
   
 
2,113
 
Other International
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
     
 
3,191
 
 
 
100
 
     
 
3,191
 
     
 
1,521
 
Total International
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
     
 
35,966
 
 
 
100
 
     
 
35,966
 
     
 
3,634
 
Total
 
$
92,712
 
 
 
20
% 
     
$
380,928
 
 
 
80
% 
     
$
473,640
 
     
$
40,657
 
                 
     As at April 30, 2024  
(Millions of Canadian dollars,
except percentage amounts)
  Residential mortgages         Home equity
lines of credit (2)
 
  Insured (3)          Uninsured          Total          Total  
Region
(4)
                 
Canada
                 
Atlantic provinces
  $ 8,484       43 %      $ 11,094       57 %      $ 19,578       $ 1,659  
Quebec
    12,107       26         34,488       74         46,595         3,251  
Ontario
    32,467       15         183,690       85         216,157         17,773  
Alberta
    19,246       45         23,656       55         42,902         4,465  
Saskatchewan and Manitoba
    8,542       41         12,050       59         20,592         1,752  
B.C. and territories
    13,040       15           74,466       85           87,506           7,861  
Total Canada
(5)
    93,886       22         339,444       78         433,330         36,761  
U.S.
    –       –         32,893       100         32,893         2,119  
Other International
    –       –           3,152       100           3,152           1,521  
Total International
    –       –           36,045       100           36,045           3,640  
Total
  $  93,886       20 %        $  375,489       80 %        $  469,375         $  40,401  
 
  (1)   Disclosure is provided in accordance with the requirements of OSFI’s Guideline
B-20
(Residential Mortgage Underwriting Practices and Procedures).
 
  (2)   Includes $40,640 million and $17 million of uninsured and insured home equity lines of credit, respectively (April 30, 2024 – $40,383 million and $18 million, respectively), reported within the personal loan category. The amounts in U.S. and Other International include term loans collateralized by residential properties.  
  (3)   Insured residential mortgages are mortgages whereby our exposure to default is mitigated by insurance through the Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation or other private mortgage default insurers.  
  (4)   Region is based upon the address of the property mortgaged. The Atlantic provinces are comprised of Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick; B.C. and territories are comprised of British Columbia, Nunavut, Northwest Territories and Yukon.  
  (5)   Total consolidated residential mortgages in Canada of $438 billion (April 30, 2024 – $433 billion) includes $12 billion (April 30, 2024 – $12 billion) of mortgages with commercial clients in Canadian Banking, of which $9 billion (April 30, 2024 – $9 billion) are insured, and $18 billion (April 30, 2024 – $18 billion) of residential mortgages in Capital Markets, of which $18 billion (April 30, 2024 – $18 billion) are held for securitization purposes. All of the residential mortgages held for securitization purposes are insured (April 30, 2024 – all insured).  
Residential mortgages portfolio by amortization period
(1)
The following table provides a summary of the percentage of residential mortgages that fall within the remaining amortization periods based upon current customer payment amounts, which incorporate payments larger than the minimum contractual amount and/or higher frequency of payments.
 
         As at     
    
July 31
2024
     
April 30
2024
     
Canada 
(2)
 
U.S. and other
International
  
Total
       Canada (2)   U.S. and other
International
  Total
Amortization period
               
≤
25 years
  
 
59
% 
 
 
30
% 
  
 
57
% 
      58 %      28 %      56 % 
> 25 years
≤
30 years
  
 
23
 
 
 
70
 
  
 
26
 
      21       72       25  
> 30 years
≤
35 years
  
 
2
 
 
 
–
 
  
 
2
 
      2       –       1  
> 35 years
  
 
16
 
 
 
–
 
  
 
15
 
        19       –       18  
Total
  
 
100
% 
 
 
100
% 
  
 
100
% 
        100 %      100 %      100 % 
 
  (1)   Disclosure is provided in accordance with the requirements of OSFI’s Guideline
B-20
(Residential Mortgage Underwriting Practices and Procedures).
 
  (2)   Our policy is to originate mortgages with amortization periods of 30 years or less. Amortization periods greater than 30 years reflect the impact of increases in interest rates on our variable rate mortgage portfolios. For these loans, the amortization period resets to the original amortization schedule upon renewal. We do not originate mortgage products with a structure that would result in negative amortization, as payments on variable rate mortgages automatically increase to ensure accrued interest is covered.  

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   27
 
Average
loan-to-value
(LTV) ratios
(1)
The following table provides a summary of our average LTV ratios for newly originated and acquired uninsured residential mortgages and RBC Homeline Plan
®
products by geographic region, as well as the respective LTV ratios for our total Canadian Banking residential mortgage portfolio outstanding.
 
     For the three months ended          For the nine months ended  
   
July 31
2024
       
April 30
2024
     
July 31
2024
 
   
Uninsured
         Uninsured       
Uninsured
 
    
Residential
mortgages 
(2)
   
RBC Homeline
Plan products 
(3)
       Residential
mortgages (2)
  RBC Homeline
Plan products (3)
      
Residential
mortgages 
(2)
   
RBC Homeline
Plan products 
(3)
Average of newly originated and acquired for the period, by region 
(4)
               
Atlantic provinces
 
 
71
% 
 
 
69
% 
      61 %      66 %     
 
67
% 
 
 
68
% 
Quebec
 
 
71
 
 
 
69
 
      55       60      
 
62
 
 
 
66
 
Ontario
 
 
70
 
 
 
63
 
      56       56      
 
61
 
 
 
59
 
Alberta
 
 
72
 
 
 
70
 
      59       61      
 
64
 
 
 
66
 
Saskatchewan and Manitoba
 
 
72
 
 
 
71
 
      62       66      
 
68
 
 
 
69
 
B.C. and territories
 
 
67
 
 
 
61
 
      45       46      
 
49
 
 
 
51
 
U.S.
 
 
73
 
 
 
n.m.
 
      71       n.m.      
 
72
 
 
 
n.m.
 
Other International
 
 
72
 
 
 
n.m.
 
        69       n.m.        
 
72
 
 
 
n.m.
 
Average of newly originated and acquired for the period
(5), (6), (7)
 
 
70
% 
 
 
65
% 
        52 %      53 %       
 
58
% 
 
 
58
% 
Total Canadian Banking residential mortgages portfolio
(8)
 
 
55
% 
 
 
47
% 
        57 %      49 %       
 
55
% 
 
 
47
% 
 
  (1)   Disclosure is provided in accordance with the requirements of OSFI’s Guideline
B-20
(Residential Mortgage Underwriting Practices and Procedures).
 
  (2)   Residential mortgages exclude residential mortgages within the RBC Homeline Plan products.  
  (3)   RBC Homeline Plan products are comprised of both residential mortgages and home equity lines of credit.  
  (4)   Region is based upon the address of the property mortgaged. The Atlantic provinces are comprised of Newfoundland and Labrador, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick; B.C. and territories are comprised of British Columbia, Nunavut, Northwest Territories and Yukon.  
  (5)   The average LTV ratios for newly originated and acquired uninsured residential mortgages and RBC Homeline Plan products are calculated on a weighted basis by mortgage amounts at origination.  
  (6)   For newly originated mortgages and RBC Homeline Plan products, LTV is calculated based on the total facility amount for the residential mortgage and RBC Homeline Plan product divided by the value of the related residential property.  
  (7)   Includes the HSBC Canada portfolio acquired in Q2 2024, impacting the three months ended April 30, 2024 and the nine months ended July 31, 2024 periods. Excluding the acquired HSBC Canada portfolio, the average of newly originated and acquired residential mortgages and RBC Homeline Plan products for the three months ended April 30, 2024 was 70% and 65%, respectively, and for the nine months ended July 31, 2024 was 70% and 65%, respectively.  
  (8)   Weighted by mortgage balances and adjusted for property values based on the Teranet-National Bank
House Price Index
‡
.
 
  n.m.   not meaningful  
Net International wholesale exposure by region, asset type and client type
(1), (2)
The following table provides a breakdown of our credit risk exposure by region, asset type and client type.
 
     As at  
   
July 31
2024
       
April 30
2024
 
   
Asset type
       
Client type
                     
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Loans
Outstanding
   
Securities 
(3)
   
Repo-style
transactions
   
Derivatives
        
Financials
   
Sovereign
   
Corporate
        
Total
         Total  
Europe (excluding U.K.)
 
$
15,280
 
 
$
22,008
 
 
$
6,365
 
 
$
3,231
 
   
$
24,283
 
 
$
6,133
 
 
$
16,468
 
   
$
46,884
 
    $ 52,570  
U.K.
 
 
12,902
 
 
 
26,098
 
 
 
3,489
 
 
 
2,016
 
   
 
15,152
 
 
 
18,641
 
 
 
10,712
 
   
 
44,505
 
      31,141  
Caribbean
 
 
6,401
 
 
 
11,613
 
 
 
2,193
 
 
 
1,002
 
   
 
8,986
 
 
 
4,436
 
 
 
7,787
 
   
 
21,209
 
      22,649  
Asia-Pacific
 
 
5,656
 
 
 
31,290
 
 
 
4,449
 
 
 
1,657
 
   
 
18,724
 
 
 
20,679
 
 
 
3,649
 
   
 
43,052
 
      40,707  
Other
(4)
 
 
1,683
 
 
 
1,545
 
 
 
2,707
 
 
 
324
 
     
 
2,731
 
 
 
1,760
 
 
 
1,768
 
     
 
6,259
 
        5,588  
Net International exposure
(5), (6)
 
$
 41,922
 
 
$
 92,554
 
 
$
 19,203
 
 
$
 8,230
 
     
$
 69,876
 
 
$
 51,649
 
 
$
 40,384
 
     
$
 161,909
 
      $  152,655  
 
(1)   Geographic profile is based on country of risk, which reflects our assessment of the geographic risk associated with a given exposure. Typically, this is the residence of the borrower.
(2)   Exposures are calculated on a fair value basis and net of collateral, which includes $415 billion against repo-style transactions (April 30, 2024 – $362 billion) and $14 billion against derivatives (April 30, 2024 – $16 billion).
(3)   Securities include $15 billion of trading securities (April 30, 2024 – $14 billion), $36 billion of deposits (April 30, 2024 – $31 billion), and $42 billion of investment securities (April 30, 2024 – $40 billion).
(4)   Includes exposures in the Middle East, Africa and Latin America.
(5)   Excludes $5,640 million (April 30, 2024 – $6,846 million) of exposures to supranational agencies.
(6)   Reflects $3,988 million of mitigation through credit default swaps, which are largely used to hedge single name exposures and market risk (April 30, 2024 – $3,788 million).

Table of Contents
28   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Credit quality performance
The following credit quality performance tables and analysis provide information on loans, which represents loans, acceptances and commitments, and other financial assets:
Gross impaired loans
 
     As at and for the three months ended  
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts)
 
July 31
2024
   
April 30
2024
   
October 31
2023
 
Personal & Commercial Banking
 
$
3,668
 
  $ 2,908     $ 1,905  
Wealth Management
 
 
533
 
    586       514  
Capital Markets
 
 
1,484
 
    1,838       1,285  
Total GIL
 
$
5,685
 
  $ 5,332     $ 3,704  
Impaired loans, beginning balance
 
$
5,332
 
  $ 4,198     $ 3,284  
Classified as impaired during the period (new impaired)
(1)
 
 
1,723
 
    1,712       1,063  
Net repayments
(1)
 
 
(183
) 
    (146 )      (166 ) 
Amounts written off
 
 
(644
) 
    (546 )      (466 ) 
Other
(2)
 
 
(543
) 
    114       (11 ) 
Impaired loans, balance at end of period
 
$
  5,685
 
  $   5,332     $   3,704  
GIL as a % of related loans and acceptances
     
Total GIL as a % of related loans and acceptances
 
 
0.58%
    0.55%     0.42%
Personal & Commercial Banking
 
 
0.52%
    0.42%     0.31%
Canadian Banking
 
 
0.48%
    0.38%     0.26%
Caribbean Banking
 
 
3.20%
    3.27%     3.45%
Wealth Management
 
 
0.46%
    0.51%     0.44%
Capital Markets
 
 
0.98%
    1.17%     0.89%
 
(1)   Certain GIL movements for Canadian Banking retail and wholesale portfolios are generally allocated to new impaired, as Net repayments and certain Other movements are not reasonably determinable. Certain GIL movements for Caribbean Banking retail and wholesale portfolios are generally allocated to Net repayments and new impaired, as Net repayments and certain Other movements are not reasonably determinable.
(2)   Includes return to performing status during the period, recoveries of loans and advances previously written off, sold, amounts related to foreclosed properties held as investment properties and interests in joint ventures for certain
co-lending
arrangements, foreign exchange translation and other movements.
Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024
Total GIL increased $353 million or 7% from last quarter, and the total GIL ratio increased 3 bps, mainly due to higher impaired loans in Personal & Commercial Banking, partially offset by lower impaired loans in Capital Markets.
GIL in Personal & Commercial Banking increased $760 million or 26%, mainly due to higher impaired loans in our Canadian Banking commercial portfolio in a few sectors, including the real estate and related and forest products sectors.
GIL in Wealth Management decreased $53 million or 9%, mainly due to lower impaired loans in few sectors, including the consumer staples and mining and metals sectors.
GIL in Capital Markets decreased $354 million or 19%, mainly due to lower impaired loans in the real estate and related sector, partially offset by higher impaired loans in the banking sector. The reduction in GIL includes $442 million in foreclosed properties related to real estate and related loans which are accounted for as investment properties and interests in joint ventures for certain co-lending arrangements.
Allowance for credit losses (ACL)
 
     As at  
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
July 31
2024
   
April 30
2024
   
October 31
2023
 
Personal & Commercial Banking
 
$
4,590
 
  $ 4,390     $ 3,718  
Wealth Management
 
 
517
 
    563       618  
Capital Markets
 
 
1,030
 
    1,119       1,012  
Corporate Support and other
 
 
1
 
    2       –  
ACL on loans
 
 
6,138
 
    6,074       5,348  
ACL on other financial assets
(1)
 
 
17
 
    23       18  
Total ACL
 
$
6,155
 
  $  6,097     $ 5,366  
ACL on loans is comprised of:
     
Retail
 
$
2,873
 
  $ 2,837     $ 2,591  
Wholesale
 
 
1,745
 
    1,732       1,609  
ACL on performing loans
 
$
4,618
 
  $ 4,569     $ 4,200  
ACL on impaired loans
 
 
1,520
 
    1,505       1,148  
 
(1)   ACL on other financial assets mainly represents allowances on debt securities measured at FVOCI and amortized cost, accounts receivable and financial guarantees.
Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024
Total ACL increased $58 million or 1% from last quarter, mainly reflecting an increase in ACL on loans.
ACL on performing loans increased $49 million or 1%, mainly due to higher ACL in Personal & Commercial Banking, largely driven by unfavourable changes in credit quality and portfolio growth, partially offset by favourable changes in scenario weights. This was partially offset by lower ACL in Wealth Management, mainly reflecting favourable changes in scenario weights.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   29
 
ACL on impaired loans increased $15 million or 1%, mainly due to higher ACL in Personal & Commercial Banking, partially offset by lower ACL in Capital Markets and Wealth Management.
For further details, refer to Note 5 of our Condensed Financial Statements.
 
Market risk
 
Market risk is defined to be the impact of market factors and prices upon our financial condition. This includes potential financial gains or losses due to changes in market-determined variables such as interest rates, credit spreads, equity prices, commodity prices, foreign exchange rates and implied volatilities. There have been no material changes to our Market Risk Management Framework from the framework described in our 2023 Annual Report. Using that framework, we continuously seek to ensure that our market risk exposure is consistent with risk appetite constraints set by the Board of Directors.
Market risk controls include limits on probabilistic measures of potential loss in trading positions, such as
Value-at-Risk
(VaR) and stress testing. Market risk controls are also in place to manage Interest Rate Risk in the Banking Book (IRRBB). To monitor and control IRRBB, we assess two primary metrics, Net Interest Income (NII) risk and Economic Value of Equity (EVE) risk, under a range of market shocks, scenarios, and time horizons. There has been no material change to the VaR or IRRBB measurement methodology, controls, or limits from those described in our 2023 Annual Report. For further details on our approach to the management of market risk, refer to the Market risk section of our 2023 Annual Report.
Market risk measures – FVTPL positions
VaR and Trading VaR
The following table presents our Market risk VaR and Trading VaR figures:
 
    
July 31, 2024
         April 30, 2024          July 31, 2023 (1)  
         
For the three
months ended
              For the three
months ended
              For the three
months ended
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
As at
   
Average
   
High
   
Low
         As at     Average          As at     Average  
Equity
 
$
17
 
 
$
15
 
 
$
19
 
 
$
12
 
    $ 12     $ 10       $ 7     $ 10  
Foreign exchange
 
 
8
 
 
 
6
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
3
 
      3       4         5       4  
Commodities
 
 
6
 
 
 
7
 
 
 
8
 
 
 
6
 
      7       5         5       5  
Interest rate
(2)
 
 
35
 
 
 
29
 
 
 
37
 
 
 
23
 
      36       26         27       28  
Credit specific
(3)
 
 
8
 
 
 
8
 
 
 
9
 
 
 
7
 
      7       7         6       5  
Diversification
(4)
 
 
(45
) 
 
 
(35
) 
 
 
n.m.
 
 
 
n.m.
 
        (33 )      (24 )          (30 )      (28 ) 
Trading VaR
 
$
29
 
 
$
30
 
 
$
36
 
 
$
23
 
      $ 32     $ 28         $ 20     $ 24  
Total VaR
 
$
33
 
 
$
38
 
 
$
49
 
 
$
31
 
      $ 45     $ 86         $ 27     $ 36  
                   
    
July 31, 2024
         July 31, 2023 (1)                  
         
For the nine
months ended
              For the nine
months ended
                 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
As at
   
Average
   
High
   
Low
         As at     Average                  
Equity
 
$
17
 
 
$
11
 
 
$
19
 
 
$
6
 
    $ 7     $ 12        
Foreign exchange
 
 
8
 
 
 
5
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
2
 
      5       3        
Commodities
 
 
6
 
 
 
6
 
 
 
8
 
 
 
4
 
      5       5        
Interest rate
(2)
 
 
35
 
 
 
30
 
 
 
44
 
 
 
22
 
      27       30        
Credit specific
(3)
 
 
8
 
 
 
7
 
 
 
9
 
 
 
7
 
      6       5        
Diversification
(4)
 
 
(45
) 
 
 
(30
) 
 
 
n.m.
 
 
n.m.
        (30 )      (31 )       
Trading VaR
 
$
29
 
 
$
29
 
 
$
41
 
 
$
20
 
      $ 20     $ 24        
Total VaR
 
$
33
 
 
$
82
 
 
$
138
 
 
$
31
 
      $ 27     $ 46        
 
(1)   Amounts have been revised from those previously presented to align with a trading VaR view.
(2)   General credit spread risk and funding spread risk associated with uncollateralized derivatives are included under interest rate VaR.
(3)   Credit specific risk captures issuer-specific credit spread volatility.
(4)   Trading VaR is less than the sum of the individual risk factor VaR results due to risk factor diversification.
n.m.   not meaningful
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023
Average Trading VaR of $30 million increased $6 million from a year ago, primarily driven by exposure changes in our securities financing portfolio.
Average total VaR of $38 million remained relatively stable from a year ago.
Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024
Average Trading VaR of $30 million remained relatively stable from last quarter.
Average total VaR of $38 million decreased $48 million, primarily due to the prior quarter impact of management of closing capital volatility related to the HSBC Canada transaction.
Q3 2024 vs. Q3 2023 (Nine months ended)
Average Trading VaR of $29 million increased $5 million from the same period last year, largely driven by exposure changes in our securities financing portfolio.

Table of Contents
30   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Average total VaR of $82 million increased $36 million, primarily due to the impact of management of closing capital volatility related to the HSBC Canada transaction.
The following chart displays a bar graph of our daily trading profit and loss and a line graph of our daily market risk VaR. We incurred no net trading losses in the three months ended July 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024.
 
 
 
  (1)   Trading revenue (teb) in the chart above excludes the impact of loan underwriting commitments.
  (2)   In Q4 2023, VaR amounts in the chart above were revised from those previously presented to reflect Trading VaR corresponding to our trading portfolios.
Market risk measures for assets and liabilities of RBC Insurance
®
We offer a range of insurance products to clients and hold investments to meet the future obligations to policyholders. The investments which support actuarial liabilities are predominantly fixed income assets measured at FVTPL. Consequently, changes in the fair values of these assets are largely offset by changes in the discount rates used in the measurement of insurance and reinsurance contract assets and liabilities, and the impacts of both are reflected in Insurance investment result in the Consolidated Statements of Income. As at July 31, 2024, we held assets in support of $19 billion of insurance contract liabilities net of insurance contract assets and reinsurance contracts held balances (April 30, 2024 – $19 billion).
Market risk measures – IRRBB sensitivities
The following table shows the potential
before-tax
impact of an immediate and sustained 100 bps increase or decrease in interest rates on projected EVE and
12-month
NII, assuming no subsequent hedging. Interest rate risk measures are based on current
on-
and
off-balance
sheet positions which can change over time in response to business activity and management actions.
 
    
July 31
2024
        
April 30
2024
        
July 31
2023
 
   
EVE risk
       
NII risk
(1)
                                 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Canadian
dollar
impact
   
U.S.
dollar
impact
   
Total
        
Canadian
dollar
impact
   
U.S.
dollar
impact
   
Total
         EVE risk     NII risk (1)          EVE risk     NII risk (1)  
Before-tax
impact of:
                         
100 bps increase in rates
 
$
 (1,669
) 
 
$
 (153
) 
 
$
 (1,822
) 
   
$
206
 
 
$
119
 
 
$
325
 
    $  (2,149 )    $ 325       $  (1,999 )    $ 580  
100 bps decrease in rates
 
 
1,613
 
 
 
(214
) 
 
 
1,399
 
 
 
 
 
 (248
) 
 
 
 (177
) 
 
 
 (425
) 
 
 
    1,803        (458 )   
 
    1,789        (648 ) 
 
(1)   Represents the
12-month
NII exposure to an instantaneous and sustained shift in interest rates.
As at July 31, 2024, an immediate and sustained
-100
bps shock would have had a negative impact to our NII of $425 million, down from $458 million last quarter. An immediate and sustained +100 bps shock as at July 31, 2024 would have had a negative impact to the bank’s EVE of $1,822 million, down from $2,149 million last quarter. Quarter-over-quarter NII sensitivity remained relatively stable, while quarter-over-quarter EVE sensitivity decreased primarily in response to a marginal reduction in net fixed rate assets. During the third quarter of 2024, NII and EVE risks remained within approved limits.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   31
 
Linkage of market risk to selected balance sheet items
The following tables provide the linkages between selected balance sheet items with positions included in our trading market risk and
non-trading
market risk disclosures, which illustrates how we manage market risk for our assets and liabilities through different risk measures:
 
    
As at July 31, 2024
         
Market risk measure
     
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Balance
sheet amount
   
Traded risk 
(1)
   
Non-traded

risk
(2)
   
Non-traded
risk
primary risk sensitivity
Assets subject to market risk
       
Cash and due from banks
 
$
55,230
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
55,230
 
 
Interest rate
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
 
 
57,409
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
57,408
 
 
Interest rate
Securities
       
Trading
 
 
180,441
 
 
 
158,142
 
 
 
22,299
 
 
Interest rate, credit spread
Investment, net of applicable allowance
 
 
250,744
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
250,744
 
 
Interest rate, credit spread, equity
Assets purchased under reverse repurchase
agreements and securities borrowed
 
 
325,401
 
 
 
275,143
 
 
 
50,258
 
 
Interest rate
Loans
       
Retail
 
 
619,452
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
619,450
 
 
Interest rate
Wholesale
 
 
358,143
 
 
 
3,687
 
 
 
354,456
 
 
Interest rate
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
(5,798
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(5,798
) 
 
Interest rate
Other
       
Derivatives
 
 
115,659
 
 
 
113,023
 
 
 
2,636
 
 
Interest rate, foreign exchange
Other assets
 
 
103,083
 
 
 
10,902
 
 
 
92,181
 
 
Interest rate
Assets not subject to market risk
(3)
 
 
16,343
 
                   
Total assets
 
$
2,076,107
 
 
$
560,900
 
 
$
1,498,864
 
   
Liabilities subject to market risk
       
Deposits
 
$
1,361,265
 
 
$
62,608
 
 
$
1,298,657
 
 
Interest rate
Other
       
Obligations related to securities sold short
 
 
33,972
 
 
 
33,839
 
 
 
133
 
 
Interest rate, equity
Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned
 
 
304,373
 
 
 
278,162
 
 
 
26,211
 
 
Interest rate
Derivatives
 
 
126,884
 
 
 
118,814
 
 
 
8,070
 
 
Interest rate, foreign exchange
Other liabilities
 
 
89,153
 
 
 
14,629
 
 
 
74,524
 
 
Interest rate
Subordinated debentures
 
 
13,437
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
13,437
 
 
Interest rate
Liabilities not subject to market risk
(4)
 
 
22,531
 
                   
Total liabilities
 
$
1,951,615
 
 
$
508,052
 
 
$
1,421,032
 
   
Total equity
 
 
124,492
 
     
Total liabilities and equity
 
$
2,076,107
 
     
 
(1)   Traded risk includes positions that are classified or designated as FVTPL and positions whose revaluation gains and losses are reported in revenue within our trading portfolios. Market risk measures of VaR and stress tests are used as risk controls for traded risk.
(2)  
Non-traded
risk includes positions used in the management of IRRBB and other
non-trading
portfolios. Other material
non-trading
portfolios include positions from RBC Insurance and investment securities, net of applicable allowance, not included in IRRBB.
(3)   Assets not subject to market risk include physical and other assets.
(4)   Liabilities not subject to market risk include payroll related and other liabilities.

Table of Contents
32   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
     As at April 30, 2024
          Market risk measure      
(Millions of Canadian dollars)   Balance
sheet amount
    Traded risk (1)    
Non-traded

risk (2)
   
Non-traded
risk
primary risk sensitivity
Assets subject to market risk
       
Cash and due from banks
  $ 61,373     $ –     $ 61,373     Interest rate
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
    38,459       1       38,458     Interest rate
Securities
       
Trading
    173,566       151,456       22,110     Interest rate, credit spread
Investment, net of applicable allowance
    238,987       –       238,987     Interest rate, credit spread, equity
Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed
    301,797       266,802       34,995     Interest rate
Loans
       
Retail
    612,687       –       612,687     Interest rate
Wholesale
    353,567       16,297       337,270     Interest rate
Allowance for loan losses
    (5,715 )      –       (5,715 )    Interest rate
Other
       
Derivatives
    130,199       127,529       2,670     Interest rate, foreign exchange
Other assets
    110,346       11,197       99,149     Interest rate
Assets not subject to market risk
(3)
    15,784                      
Total assets
  $ 2,031,050     $ 573,282     $ 1,441,984      
Liabilities subject to market risk
       
Deposits
  $ 1,327,603     $ 57,145     $ 1,270,458     Interest rate
Other
       
Obligations related to securities sold short
    31,487       31,219       268     Interest rate, equity
Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned
    279,721       258,589       21,132     Interest rate
Derivatives
    136,568       126,473       10,095     Interest rate, foreign exchange
Other liabilities
    95,744       14,203       81,541     Interest rate
Subordinated debentures
    13,464       –       13,464     Interest rate
Liabilities not subject to market risk
(4)
    24,859                      
Total liabilities
  $  1,909,446     $  487,629     $  1,396,958      
Total equity
    121,604        
Total liabilities and equity
  $ 2,031,050        
 
(1)   Traded risk includes positions that are classified or designated as FVTPL and positions whose revaluation gains and losses are reported in revenue within our trading portfolios. Market risk measures of VaR and stress tests are used as risk controls for traded risk.
(2)  
Non-traded
risk includes positions used in the management of IRRBB and other
non-trading
portfolios. Other material
non-trading
portfolios include positions from RBC Insurance and investment securities, net of applicable allowance, not included in IRRBB.
(3)   Assets not subject to market risk include physical and other assets.
(4)   Liabilities not subject to market risk include payroll related and other liabilities.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   33
 
Liquidity and funding risk
 
Liquidity and funding risk (liquidity risk) is the risk that we may be unable to generate sufficient cash or its equivalents in a timely and cost-effective manner to meet our commitments. Liquidity risk arises from mismatches in the timing and value of
on-balance
sheet and
off-balance
sheet cash flows.
Our liquidity risk management activities are conducted in accordance with internal frameworks and policies, including the Enterprise Risk Management Framework (ERMF), the Enterprise Risk Appetite Framework (ERAF), the Enterprise Liquidity Risk Management Framework (LRMF), the Enterprise Liquidity Risk Policy, and the Enterprise Pledging Policy. Collectively, our frameworks and policies establish liquidity and funding management requirements appropriate for the execution of our strategy and ensuring liquidity risk remains within our risk appetite. There have been no material changes as described in our 2023 Annual Report.
Liquidity reserve
Our liquidity reserve consists only of available unencumbered liquid assets. Although unused wholesale funding capacity could be another potential source of liquidity, it is excluded in the determination of the liquidity reserve.
 
    
As at July 31, 2024
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Bank-owned

liquid assets
   
Securities
received
as collateral
from securities
financing
and derivative
transactions
          
Total liquid
assets
   
Encumbered
liquid assets
   
Unencumbered
liquid assets
 
Cash and deposits with banks
 
$
112,639
 
 
$
–
 
   
$
112,639
 
 
$
3,273
 
 
$
109,366
 
Securities issued or guaranteed by sovereigns, central banks or multilateral development banks
(1)
 
 
329,287
 
 
 
360,461
 
   
 
689,748
 
 
 
418,218
 
 
 
271,530
 
Other securities
 
 
151,689
 
 
 
130,550
 
   
 
282,239
 
 
 
167,567
 
 
 
114,672
 
Other liquid assets
(2)
 
 
33,235
 
 
 
–
 
         
 
33,235
 
 
 
29,132
 
 
 
4,103
 
Total liquid assets
 
$
626,850
 
 
$
491,011
 
         
$
1,117,861
 
 
$
618,190
 
 
$
499,671
 
 
 
    
As at April 30, 2024
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)   Bank-owned
liquid assets
    Securities
received
as collateral
from securities
financing
and derivative
transactions
           Total liquid
assets
    Encumbered
liquid assets
    Unencumbered
liquid assets
 
Cash and deposits with banks
  $ 99,832     $ –       $ 99,832     $ 3,395     $ 96,437  
Securities issued or guaranteed by sovereigns, central banks or multilateral development banks
(1)
    313,620       327,290         640,910       384,177       256,733  
Other securities
    146,643       124,589         271,232       158,033       113,199  
Other liquid assets
(2)
    33,214       –               33,214       28,047       5,167  
Total liquid assets
  $  593,309     $  451,879             $  1,045,188     $  573,652     $  471,536  
 
 
     As at                              
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
July 31
2024
   
April 30
2024
                         
Royal Bank of Canada
 
$
218,166
 
  $ 228,869          
Foreign branches
 
 
67,028
 
    50,871          
Subsidiaries
 
 
214,477
 
    191,796          
Total unencumbered liquid assets
 
$
499,671
 
  $ 471,536          
 
(1)   Includes liquid securities issued by provincial governments and U.S. government-sponsored entities working under U.S. Federal government’s conservatorship (e.g., Federal National Mortgage Association and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation).
(2)   Encumbered liquid assets amount represents cash collateral and margin deposit amounts pledged related to
over-the-counter
and exchange-traded derivative transactions.
The liquidity reserve is typically most affected by routine flows of retail and commercial client banking activities, where liquid asset portfolios reflect changes in deposit and loan balances, as well as business strategies and client flows related to the activities in Capital Markets. Corporate Treasury also affects liquidity reserves through the management of funding issuances, which could result in timing differences between when debt is issued and funds are deployed into business activities.
Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024
Total unencumbered liquid assets increased $28 billion or 6% from last quarter, mainly due to an increase in on-balance sheet securities and cash reflecting growth in deposits.

Table of Contents
34   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Asset encumbrance
The table below provides a summary of our
on-
and
off-balance
sheet amounts for cash, securities and other assets, distinguishing between those that are encumbered, and those available for sale or use as collateral in secured funding transactions. Other assets, such as mortgages and credit card receivables, can also be monetized, albeit over longer timeframes than those required for marketable securities. As at July 31, 2024, our unencumbered assets available as collateral comprised 24% of total assets (April 30, 2024 – 24%).
 
         As at  
   
July 31
2024
       
April 30
2024
 
   
Encumbered
       
Unencumbered
                  Encumbered         Unencumbered        
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Pledged as
collateral
   
Other
(1)
        
Available as
collateral
(2)
   
Other
(3)
        
Total
         Pledged as
collateral
    Other (1)          Available as
collateral (2)
    Other (3)     Total  
Cash and deposits with banks
 
$
–
 
 
$
3,273
 
   
$
109,366
 
 
$
–
 
   
$
112,639
 
    $ –     $ 3,395       $ 96,437     $ –     $ 99,832  
Securities
                           
Trading
 
 
81,577
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
106,812
 
 
 
2,392
 
   
 
190,781
 
      80,608       –         100,152       2,400       183,160  
Investment, net of applicable allowance
 
 
18,575
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
232,169
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
250,744
 
      15,584       –         223,403       –       238,987  
Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed
(4)
 
 
509,863
 
 
 
30,009
 
   
 
9,796
 
 
 
1,057
 
   
 
550,725
 
      470,479       29,326         9,980       1,541       511,326  
Loans
                           
Retail
                           
Mortgage securities
 
 
28,346
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
29,878
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
58,224
 
      28,729       –         29,559       –       58,288  
Mortgage loans
 
 
79,134
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
40,791
 
 
 
295,491
 
   
 
415,416
 
      74,336       –         39,948       296,803       411,087  
Non-mortgage
loans
 
 
6,290
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
139,522
 
   
 
145,812
 
      6,272       –         –       137,040       143,312  
Wholesale
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
24,566
 
 
 
333,577
 
   
 
358,143
 
      –       –         27,476       326,091       353,567  
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
(5,798
) 
   
 
(5,798
) 
      –       –         –       (5,715 )      (5,715 ) 
Segregated fund net assets
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
      –       –         –       –       –  
Other
                           
Derivatives
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
115,659
 
   
 
115,659
 
      –       –         –       130,199       130,199  
Others
(5)
 
 
29,132
 
 
 
–
 
     
 
4,103
 
 
 
86,191
 
     
 
119,426
 
        28,047       –           5,167       92,916       126,130  
Total assets
 
$
 752,917
 
 
$
 33,282
 
     
$
 557,481
 
 
$
 968,091
 
     
$
 2,311,771
 
      $  704,055     $  32,721         $  532,122     $  981,275     $  2,250,173  
 
(1)   Includes assets restricted from use to generate secured funding due to legal or other constraints.
(2)   Represents assets that are immediately available for use as collateral, including National Housing Act Mortgage-Backed Securities (NHA MBS), our unencumbered mortgage loans that qualify as eligible collateral at Federal Home Loan Banks (FHLB), as well as loans that qualify as eligible collateral for discount window facility available to us and lodged at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY).
(3)   Other unencumbered assets are not subject to any restrictions on their use to secure funding or as collateral but would not be considered immediately available.
(4)   Includes bank-owned liquid assets and securities received as collateral from
off-balance
sheet securities financing, derivative transactions, and margin lending. Includes $30 billion (April 30, 2024 – $29 billion) of collateral received through reverse repurchase transactions that cannot be rehypothecated in its current legal form.
(5)   The Pledged as collateral amount represents cash collateral and margin deposit amounts pledged related to OTC and exchange-traded derivative transactions.
Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024
Total unencumbered assets available as collateral increased $25 billion or 5% from last quarter, mainly due to an increase in securities and in cash and deposits with banks.
Funding
Funding strategy
Maintaining a diversified funding base is a key strategy for managing our liquidity risk profile.
Core funding, comprising capital, longer-term wholesale liabilities and a diversified pool of personal as well as the stable portion of our commercial and institutional deposits, is the foundation of our structural liquidity position.
Wholesale funding activities are well-diversified by geography, investor segment, instrument, currency, structure and maturity. We maintain an ongoing presence in different funding markets, which allows us to continuously monitor market developments and trends, identify opportunities and risks and take appropriate and timely actions.
We continuously evaluate opportunities to expand into new markets and untapped investor segments since diversification expands our wholesale funding flexibility, minimizes funding concentration and dependency and generally reduces financing costs.
We regularly assess our funding concentration and have implemented limits on certain funding sources to support diversification of our funding base.
Deposit and funding profile
As at July 31, 2024, relationship-based deposits, which are the primary source of funding for retail and commercial lending, were $957 billion or 56% of our total funding (April 30, 2024 – $943 billion or 57%). The remaining portion is comprised of short- and long-term wholesale funding.
Funding for highly liquid assets consists primarily of short-term wholesale funding that reflects the monetization period of those assets. Long-term wholesale funding is used mostly to fund less liquid wholesale assets and to support liquid asset buffers.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   35
 
Senior long-term debt issued by the bank on or after September 23, 2018, that has an original term greater than 400 days and is marketable, subject to certain exceptions, is subject to the Canadian Bank Recapitalization
(Bail-in)
regime. Under the
Bail-in
regime, in circumstances when the Superintendent of Financial Institutions has determined that a bank may no longer be viable, the Governor in Council may, upon a recommendation of the Minister of Finance that he or she is of the opinion that it is in the public interest to do so, grant an order directing the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation (CDIC) to convert all or a portion of certain shares and liabilities of that bank into common shares. As at July 31, 2024, the notional value of issued and outstanding long-term debt subject to conversion under the
Bail-in
regime was $105 billion (April 30, 2024 – $109 billion).
For further details on our wholesale funding, refer to the Composition of wholesale funding tables below.
Long-term debt issuance
We operate long-term debt issuance registered programs. The following table summarizes our registered programs and their authorized limits by geography:
 
Programs by geography
 
 
Canada
 
U.S.
  
Europe/Asia
•  Canadian Shelf Program – $25 billion
 
•  U.S. Shelf Program – US$75 billion
  
•  European Debt Issuance Program – US$75 billion
    
•  Global Covered Bond Program –
€
75 billion
 
 
 
  
•  Japanese Issuance Programs – ¥1 trillion
We also raise long-term funding using Canadian Senior Notes, Kangaroo Bonds (issued in the Australian domestic market by foreign firms) and Yankee Certificates of Deposit (issued in the U.S. domestic market by foreign firms).
As presented in the following charts, our current long-term debt profile is well-diversified by both currency and product.
 
 
(1)   Includes unsecured and secured long-term funding and subordinated
debentures with an original term to maturity greater than 1 year
 
(1)   Includes unsecured and secured long-term funding and subordinated
debentures with an original term to maturity greater than 1 year
 
(2)  Mortgage-backed securities and Canada Mortgage Bonds
The following table shows the composition of wholesale funding based on remaining term to maturity:
Composition of wholesale funding
(1)
 
    
As at July 31, 2024
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Less than
1 month
   
1 to 3
months
   
3 to 6
months
   
6 to 12
months
   
Less than 1
year sub-total
   
1 year to
2 years
   
2 years and
greater
   
Total
 
Deposits from banks
(2)
 
$
2,997
 
 
$
70
 
 
$
65
 
 
$
100
 
 
$
3,232
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
3,232
 
Certificates of deposit and commercial paper 
(3)
 
 
7,285
 
 
 
14,529
 
 
 
16,342
 
 
 
24,474
 
 
 
62,630
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
62,630
 
Asset-backed commercial paper
(4)
 
 
3,862
 
 
 
7,094
 
 
 
5,222
 
 
 
1,114
 
 
 
17,292
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
17,292
 
Senior unsecured medium-term notes
(5)
 
 
44
 
 
 
5,011
 
 
 
13,118
 
 
 
15,460
 
 
 
33,633
 
 
 
20,864
 
 
 
50,185
 
 
 
104,682
 
Senior unsecured structured notes
(6)
 
 
1,077
 
 
 
2,030
 
 
 
2,279
 
 
 
6,019
 
 
 
11,405
 
 
 
3,573
 
 
 
19,398
 
 
 
34,376
 
Mortgage securitization
 
 
37
 
 
 
487
 
 
 
553
 
 
 
2,256
 
 
 
3,333
 
 
 
1,630
 
 
 
11,880
 
 
 
16,843
 
Covered bonds/asset-backed securities
(7)
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,775
 
 
 
2,218
 
 
 
5,490
 
 
 
9,483
 
 
 
14,412
 
 
 
43,609
 
 
 
67,504
 
Subordinated liabilities
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,500
 
 
 
1,250
 
 
 
2,750
 
 
 
2,070
 
 
 
8,883
 
 
 
13,703
 
Other
(8)
 
 
4,919
 
 
 
264
 
 
 
368
 
 
 
2,803
 
 
 
8,354
 
 
 
16,399
 
 
 
163
 
 
 
24,916
 
Total
 
$
 20,221
 
 
$
 31,260
 
 
$
 41,665
 
 
$
 58,966
 
 
$
 152,112
 
 
$
 58,948
 
 
$
 134,118
 
 
$
 345,178
 
Of which:
               
– Secured
 
$
8,716
 
 
$
9,434
 
 
$
8,115
 
 
$
8,860
 
 
$
35,125
 
 
$
16,042
 
 
$
55,489
 
 
$
106,656
 
– Unsecured
 
 
11,505
 
 
 
21,826
 
 
 
33,550
 
 
 
50,106
 
 
 
116,987
 
 
 
42,906
 
 
 
78,629
 
 
 
238,522
 

Table of Contents
36   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
     As at April 30, 2024  
(Millions of Canadian dollars)   Less than
1 month
    1 to 3
months
    3 to 6
months
    6 to 12
months
    Less than 1
year sub-total
    1 year to
2 years
    2 years and
greater
    Total  
Deposits from banks
(2)
  $ 3,947     $ 312     $ –     $ 116     $ 4,375     $ –     $ –     $ 4,375  
Certificates of deposit and commercial paper 
(3)
    12,883       19,008       18,663       15,599       66,153       –       –       66,153  
Asset-backed commercial paper
(4)
    4,329       3,873       8,101       1,069       17,372       –       –       17,372  
Senior unsecured medium-term notes
(5)
    2,589       11,435       5,007       20,148       39,179       15,666       53,963       108,808  
Senior unsecured structured notes
(6)
    858       1,822       2,347       5,812       10,839       3,980       17,470       32,289  
Mortgage securitization
    –       1,066       405       1,815       3,286       1,307       12,720       17,313  
Covered bonds/asset-backed securities
(7)
    –       –       1,720       3,620       5,340       13,401       47,647       66,388  
Subordinated liabilities
    –       1,500       –       1,500       3,000       3,273       7,698       13,971  
Other
(8)
    4,794       268       1,706       1,890       8,658       16,945       145       25,748  
Total
  $  29,400     $  39,284     $  37,949     $  51,569     $  158,202     $  54,572     $  139,643     $  352,417  
Of which:
               
– Secured
  $ 9,019     $ 5,023     $ 10,975     $ 6,504     $ 31,521     $ 14,708     $ 60,367     $ 106,596  
– Unsecured
    20,381       34,261       26,974       45,065       126,681       39,864       79,276       245,821  
 
(1)   Excludes bankers’ acceptances and repos.
(2)   Excludes deposits associated with services we provide to banks (e.g., custody, cash management).
(3)   Includes bearer deposit notes (unsecured).
(4)   Only includes consolidated liabilities, including our collateralized commercial paper program.
(5)   Includes deposit notes and floating rate notes (unsecured).
(6)   Includes notes where the payout is tied to movements in foreign exchange, commodities and equities.
(7)   Includes covered bonds collateralized with residential mortgages and securities backed by credit card receivables.
(8)   Includes tender option bonds (secured) of $5,017 million (April 30, 2024 – $4,835 million), other long-term structured deposits (unsecured) of $19,678 million (April 30, 2024 – $20,022 million), FHLB advances (secured) of $nil (April 30, 2024 – $688 million) and wholesale guaranteed interest certificates of $221 million (April 30, 2024 – $203 million).
Credit ratings
Our ability to access unsecured funding markets and to engage in certain collateralized business activities on a cost-effective basis are largely dependent on maintaining competitive credit ratings. Credit ratings and outlooks provided by rating agencies reflect their views and methodologies. Ratings are subject to change, based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, our financial strength, competitive position, liquidity and other factors not completely within our control.
The following table presents our major credit ratings:
Credit ratings
(1)
 
     
As at August 27, 2024
 
     
Short-term

debt
    
Legacy senior
long-term debt 
(2)
      
Senior long-
term debt 
(3)
      
Outlook
 
Moody’s
‡
(4)
  
 
P-1
 
  
 
Aa1
 
    
 
A1
 
    
 
stable
 
Standard & Poor’s
‡
(5)
  
 
A-1+
 
  
 
AA-
 
    
 
A
 
    
 
stable
 
Fitch Ratings
‡
(6)
  
 
F1+
 
  
 
AA
 
    
 
AA-
 
    
 
stable
 
DBRS
‡
(7)
  
 
R-1 (high)
 
  
 
AA (high)
 
    
 
AA
 
    
 
stable
 
 
  (1)   Credit ratings are not recommendations to purchase, sell or hold a financial obligation in as much as they do not comment on market price or suitability for a particular investor. Ratings are determined by the rating agencies based on criteria established from time to time by them and are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating organization.  
  (2)   Includes senior long-term debt issued prior to September 23, 2018 and senior long-term debt issued on or after September 23, 2018 which is excluded from the
Bail-in
regime.
 
  (3)   Includes senior long-term debt issued on or after September 23, 2018 which is subject to conversion under the
Bail-in
regime.
 
  (4)   On November 6, 2023, Moody’s affirmed our ratings with stable outlook.  
  (5)   On June 25, 2024, Standard & Poor’s affirmed our ratings with a stable outlook.  
  (6)   On June 11, 2024, Fitch Ratings affirmed our ratings with a stable outlook.  
  (7)   On May 10, 2024, DBRS affirmed our ratings with a stable outlook.  
Additional contractual obligations for rating downgrades
We are required to deliver collateral to certain counterparties in the event of a downgrade from our current credit rating. The following table shows the additional collateral obligations required at the reporting date in the event of a
one-,
two-
or
three-notch
downgrade. These additional collateral obligations are incremental requirements for each successive downgrade and do not represent the cumulative impact of multiple downgrades. The amounts reported change periodically due to several factors, including the transfer of trading activity to centrally cleared financial market infrastructures and exchanges, the expiration of transactions with downgrade triggers, the imposition of internal limitations on new agreements to exclude downgrade triggers, as well as normal course
mark-to-market.
There is no outstanding senior debt issued in the market that contains rating triggers that would lead to early prepayment of principal.
 
     As at     
   
July 31
2024
       
April 30
2024
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
One-notch

downgrade
   
Two-notch

downgrade
   
Three-notch

downgrade
        
One-notch

downgrade
   
Two-notch

downgrade
   
Three-notch

downgrade
 
Contractual derivatives funding or margin requirements
 
$
195
 
 
$
96
 
 
$
194
 
    $ 228     $ 137     $ 218  
Other contractual funding or margin requirements
(1)
 
 
36
 
 
 
64
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
    44       46       87  
 
(1)   Includes Guaranteed Investment Certificates (GICs) issued by our municipal markets business out of New York.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   37
 
Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR)
The LCR is a Basel III metric that measures the sufficiency of high-quality liquid assets (HQLA) available to meet liquidity needs over a
30-day
period in an acute stress scenario. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) and OSFI regulatory minimum coverage level for LCR is 100%.
OSFI requires Canadian banks to disclose the LCR using the standard Basel disclosure template and calculated using the average of daily LCR positions during the quarter.
Liquidity coverage ratio common disclosure template
(1)
 
     For the three months ended  
   
July 31
2024
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts)  
Total unweighted
value (average) 
(2)
   
Total weighted
value (average)
 
High-quality liquid assets
   
Total high-quality liquid assets (HQLA)
 
 
 
 
 
$
389,190
 
Cash outflows
   
Retail deposits and deposits from small business customers, of which:
 
$
401,452
 
 
$
39,590
 
Stable deposits
(3)
 
 
130,360
 
 
 
3,911
 
Less stable deposits
 
 
271,092
 
 
 
35,679
 
Unsecured wholesale funding, of which:
 
 
451,980
 
 
 
214,045
 
Operational deposits (all counterparties) and deposits in networks of cooperative banks
(4)
 
 
170,428
 
 
 
40,017
 
Non-operational
deposits
 
 
247,916
 
 
 
140,392
 
Unsecured debt
 
 
33,636
 
 
 
33,636
 
Secured wholesale funding
   
 
40,555
 
Additional requirements, of which:
 
 
389,439
 
 
 
81,464
 
Outflows related to derivative exposures and other collateral requirements
 
 
66,926
 
 
 
17,656
 
Outflows related to loss of funding on debt products
 
 
10,488
 
 
 
10,488
 
Credit and liquidity facilities
 
 
312,025
 
 
 
53,320
 
Other contractual funding obligations
(5)
 
 
29,613
 
 
 
29,613
 
Other contingent funding obligations
(6)
 
 
806,230
 
 
 
14,062
 
Total cash outflows
 
 
 
 
 
$
419,329
 
Cash inflows
   
Secured lending (e.g., reverse repos)
 
$
324,405
 
 
$
55,613
 
Inflows from fully performing exposures
 
 
18,952
 
 
 
11,236
 
Other cash inflows
 
 
44,155
 
 
 
44,155
 
Total cash inflows
 
 
 
 
 
$
111,004
 
         
Total
adjusted value
 
Total HQLA
   
$
389,190
 
Total net cash outflows
 
 
 
 
 
 
308,325
 
Liquidity coverage ratio
 
 
 
 
 
 
126%
 
                 
   
April 30
2024
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts)          Total
adjusted value
 
Total HQLA
    $  382,663  
Total net cash outflows
 
 
 
 
    299,253  
Liquidity coverage ratio
 
 
 
 
    128%
 
(1)   The LCR is calculated in accordance with OSFI’s LAR guideline, which, in turn, reflects liquidity-related requirements issued by the BCBS. The LCR for the quarter ended July 31, 2024 is calculated as an average of 64 daily positions.
(2)   With the exception of other contingent funding obligations, unweighted inflow and outflow amounts are items maturing or callable in 30 days or less. Other contingent funding obligations also include debt securities with remaining maturity greater than 30 days.
(3)   As defined by the BCBS, stable deposits from retail and small business customers are deposits that are insured and are either held in transactional accounts or the bank has an established relationship with the client making the withdrawal unlikely.
(4)   Operational deposits from customers other than retail and small and
medium-sized
enterprises, are deposits which clients need to keep with the bank in order to facilitate their access and ability to use payment and settlement systems primarily for clearing, custody and cash management activities.
(5)   Other contractual funding obligations primarily include outflows from unsettled securities trades and outflows from obligations related to securities sold short.
(6)   Other contingent funding obligations include outflows related to other
off-balance
sheet facilities that carry low LCR runoff factors (0% – 5%).
We manage our LCR position within a target range that reflects our liquidity risk tolerance, business mix, asset composition and funding capabilities. The range is subject to periodic review, considering changes to internal requirements and external developments.
We maintain HQLA in major currencies with dependable market depth and breadth. Our treasury management practices are designed to ensure that the levels of HQLA are actively managed to meet target LCR objectives. Our Level 1 assets, as calculated according to OSFI LAR and the BCBS LCR requirements, represent 87% of total HQLA. These assets consist of cash, placements with central banks and highly rated securities issued or guaranteed by governments, central banks and supranational entities.

Table of Contents
38   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
LCR captures cash flows from
on-
and
off-balance
sheet activities that are either expected or could potentially occur within 30 days in an acute stress scenario. Cash outflows result from the application of withdrawal and
non-renewal
factors to demand and term deposits, differentiated by client type (wholesale, retail and small- and
medium-sized
enterprises). Cash outflows also arise from business activities that create contingent funding and collateral requirements, such as repo funding, derivatives, short sales of securities and the extension of credit and liquidity commitments to clients. Cash inflows arise primarily from maturing secured loans, interbank loans and
non-HQLA
securities.
LCR does not reflect any market funding capacity that we believe would be available in a stress situation. All maturing wholesale debt is assigned 100% outflow in the LCR calculation.
Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024
The average LCR for the quarter ended July 31, 2024 was 126%, which translates into a surplus of approximately $81 billion, compared to 128% and a surplus of approximately $83 billion in the prior quarter. Average LCR remained relatively stable from the prior quarter reflecting loan growth and an increase in on-balance sheet securities, largely offset by growth in retail deposits.
Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR)
NSFR is a Basel III metric that measures the sufficiency of available stable funding relative to the amount of required stable funding. The BCBS and OSFI regulatory minimum coverage level for NSFR is 100%.
Available stable funding is defined as the portion of capital and liabilities expected to be reliable over the
one-year
time horizon considered by the NSFR. Required stable funding is a function of the liquidity characteristics and residual maturities of various bank assets and
off-balance
sheet exposures.
OSFI requires Canadian Domestic Systemically Important Banks
(D-SIBs)
to disclose the NSFR using the standard Basel disclosure template. Amounts presented in this disclosure template are determined in accordance with the requirements of OSFI’s LAR guideline and are not necessarily aligned with the classification requirements prescribed under IFRS.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   39
 
Net Stable Funding Ratio common disclosure template
(1)
 
    
As at July 31, 2024
 
   
Unweighted value by residual maturity
(2)
       
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts)  
No maturity
   
< 6 months
   
6 months to
< 1 year
   
≥
1 year
   
Weighted value
 
Available Stable Funding (ASF) Item
         
Capital:
 
$
125,974
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
12,355
 
 
$
138,329
 
Regulatory Capital
 
 
125,974
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
12,355
 
 
 
138,329
 
Other Capital Instruments
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
Retail deposits and deposits from small business customers:
 
 
329,056
 
 
 
132,719
 
 
 
55,830
 
 
 
69,334
 
 
 
535,412
 
Stable deposits
(3)
 
 
97,570
 
 
 
55,431
 
 
 
28,748
 
 
 
31,633
 
 
 
204,294
 
Less stable deposits
 
 
231,486
 
 
 
77,288
 
 
 
27,082
 
 
 
37,701
 
 
 
331,118
 
Wholesale funding:
 
 
318,514
 
 
 
444,936
 
 
 
72,775
 
 
 
160,001
 
 
 
386,619
 
Operational deposits
(4)
 
 
178,861
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
89,431
 
Other wholesale funding
 
 
139,653
 
 
 
444,936
 
 
 
72,775
 
 
 
160,001
 
 
 
297,188
 
Liabilities with matching interdependent assets
(5)
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,921
 
 
 
2,914
 
 
 
21,976
 
 
 
–
 
Other liabilities:
 
 
50,222
 
 
 
224,416
 
 
 
16,642
 
NSFR derivative liabilities
   
 
27,848
 
 
All other liabilities and equity not included in the above categories
 
 
50,222
 
 
 
178,794
 
 
 
2,265
 
 
 
15,509
 
 
 
16,642
 
Total ASF
                                 
$
 1,077,002
 
Required Stable Funding (RSF) Item
         
Total NSFR high-quality liquid assets (HQLA)
         
$
42,525
 
Deposits held at other financial institutions for operational purposes
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,507
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
753
 
Performing loans and securities:
 
 
275,076
 
 
 
324,259
 
 
 
122,186
 
 
 
532,035
 
 
 
771,234
 
Performing loans to financial institutions secured by Level 1 HQLA
 
 
–
 
 
 
100,277
 
 
 
8,794
 
 
 
31
 
 
 
10,206
 
Performing loans to financial institutions secured by
non-Level
1 HQLA and unsecured performing loans to financial institutions
 
 
6,053
 
 
 
123,246
 
 
 
30,686
 
 
 
21,824
 
 
 
60,641
 
Performing loans to
non-financial
corporate clients, loans to retail and small business customers, and loans to sovereigns, central banks and PSEs, of which:
 
 
184,289
 
 
 
54,314
 
 
 
32,987
 
 
 
173,767
 
 
 
347,865
 
With a risk weight of less than or equal to 35% under the Basel II standardized approach for credit risk
 
 
–
 
 
 
615
 
 
 
438
 
 
 
4,966
 
 
 
3,754
 
Performing residential mortgages, of which:
 
 
39,502
 
 
 
43,807
 
 
 
48,026
 
 
 
314,878
 
 
 
293,947
 
With a risk weight of less than or equal to 35% under the Basel II standardized approach for credit risk
 
 
39,502
 
 
 
43,775
 
 
 
47,994
 
 
 
313,716
 
 
 
292,928
 
Securities that are not in default and do not qualify as HQLA, including exchange-traded equities
 
 
45,232
 
 
 
2,615
 
 
 
1,693
 
 
 
21,535
 
 
 
58,575
 
Assets with matching interdependent liabilities
(5)
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,921
 
 
 
2,914
 
 
 
21,976
 
 
 
–
 
Other assets:
 
 
4,103
 
 
 
319,198
 
 
 
93,037
 
Physical traded commodities, including gold
 
 
4,103
 
       
 
3,488
 
Assets posted as initial margin for derivative contracts and contributions to default funds of CCPs
   
 
22,899
 
 
 
19,464
 
NSFR derivative assets
   
 
26,811
 
 
 
–
 
NSFR derivative liabilities before deduction of variation margin posted
   
 
58,430
 
 
 
2,921
 
All other assets not included in the above categories
 
 
–
 
 
 
146,290
 
 
 
109
 
 
 
64,659
 
 
 
67,164
 
Off-balance
sheet items
         
 
873,142
 
 
 
33,888
 
Total RSF
                                 
$
941,437
 
Net Stable Funding Ratio (%)
                                 
 
114%
         
     As at April 30, 2024  
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts)                               Weighted
value
 
Total ASF
                                  $  1,045,019  
Total RSF
                                    940,401  
Net Stable Funding Ratio (%)
                                    111%
 
(1)   The NSFR is calculated in accordance with OSFI’s LAR guideline, which, in turn, reflects liquidity-related requirements issued by the BCBS.
(2)   Totals for the following rows encompass the residual maturity categories of less than 6 months, 6 months to less than 1 year, and greater than or equal to 1 year in accordance with the requirements of the common disclosure template prescribed by OSFI: Other liabilities, NSFR derivative liabilities, Other assets, Assets posted as initial margin for derivative contracts and contributions to default funds of central counterparties (CCPs), NSFR derivative assets, NSFR derivative liabilities before deduction of variation margin posted and
Off-balance
sheet items.
(3)   As defined by the BCBS, stable deposits from retail and small business customers are deposits that are insured and are either held in transactional accounts or the bank has an established relationship with the client making the withdrawal unlikely.
(4)   Operational deposits from customers other than retail and small- and
medium-sized
enterprises, are deposits which clients need to keep with the bank in order to facilitate their access and ability to use payment and settlement systems primarily for clearing, custody and cash management activities.
(5)   Interdependent assets and liabilities represent NHA MBS liabilities, including liabilities arising from transactions involving the Canada Mortgage Bond program and their corresponding encumbered mortgages.

Table of Contents
40   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Available stable funding is comprised primarily of a diversified pool of personal and commercial deposits, capital and long-term wholesale liabilities. Required stable funding is driven mainly by the bank’s mortgage and loan portfolio, secured loans to financial institutions and to a lesser extent by other less liquid assets. NSFR does not reflect any unused market funding capacity that we believe would be available.
Volume and composition of available stable funding is actively managed to optimize our structural funding position and meet NSFR objectives. Our NSFR is managed in accordance with our comprehensive LRMF.
Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024
The NSFR as at July 31, 2024 was 114%, which translates into a surplus of approximately $136 billion, compared to 111% and a surplus of approximately $105 billion in the prior quarter. NSFR increased compared to the previous quarter, mainly due to higher available stable funding driven by an increase in the weighted value of retail deposits and wholesale funding.
Contractual maturities of financial assets, financial liabilities and
off-balance
sheet items
The following tables provide remaining contractual maturity profiles of all our assets, liabilities, and
off-balance
sheet items at their carrying value (e.g., amortized cost or fair value) and maturity profiles of assets and liabilities of insurance contracts and reinsurance contracts held at their carrying value based on the estimated timing of when the cash flows are expected to occur at the balance sheet date.
Off-balance
sheet items are allocated based on the expiry date of the contract.
Details of contractual maturities and commitments to extend funds are a source of information for the management of liquidity risk. Among other purposes, these details form a basis for modelling a behavioural balance sheet with effective maturities to calculate liquidity risk measures. For further details, refer to the Risk measurement and internal liquidity section within the Liquidity and funding risk section of our 2023 Annual Report.
 
    
As at July 31, 2024
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Less than
1 month
   
1 to 3
months
   
3 to 6
months
   
6 to 9
months
   
9 to 12
months
   
1 year
to 2 years
   
2 years
to 5 years
   
5 years
and greater
   
With no
specific
maturity
   
Total
 
Assets
                   
Cash and deposits with banks
 
$
110,247
 
 
$
11
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
2,381
 
 
$
112,639
 
Securities
                   
Trading (1)
 
 
89,574
 
 
 
299
 
 
 
201
 
 
 
188
 
 
 
12
 
 
 
72
 
 
 
673
 
 
 
10,860
 
 
 
78,562
 
 
 
180,441
 
Investment, net of applicable allowance
 
 
4,346
 
 
 
5,256
 
 
 
6,205
 
 
 
8,080
 
 
 
14,007
 
 
 
46,465
 
 
 
74,886
 
 
 
90,340
 
 
 
1,159
 
 
 
250,744
 
Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed (2)
 
 
148,751
 
 
 
67,372
 
 
 
56,401
 
 
 
15,439
 
 
 
17,619
 
 
 
31
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
19,788
 
 
 
325,401
 
Loans, net of applicable allowance
 
 
34,463
 
 
 
36,495
 
 
 
47,089
 
 
 
46,698
 
 
 
54,269
 
 
 
274,292
 
 
 
296,722
 
 
 
77,946
 
 
 
103,823
 
 
 
971,797
 
Other
                   
Customers’ liability under acceptances
 
 
130
 
 
 
572
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
5
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(32
) 
 
 
677
 
Derivatives
 
 
8,459
 
 
 
12,728
 
 
 
9,009
 
 
 
6,074
 
 
 
4,354
 
 
 
13,057
 
 
 
23,544
 
 
 
38,434
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
115,659
 
Other financial assets
 
 
40,608
 
 
 
2,639
 
 
 
2,226
 
 
 
697
 
 
 
803
 
 
 
155
 
 
 
687
 
 
 
1,821
 
 
 
3,793
 
 
 
53,429
 
Total financial assets
 
 
436,578
 
 
 
125,372
 
 
 
121,133
 
 
 
77,176
 
 
 
91,064
 
 
 
334,072
 
 
 
396,517
 
 
 
219,401
 
 
 
209,474
 
 
 
2,010,787
 
Other
non-financial
assets
 
 
7,768
 
 
 
2,309
 
 
 
1,788
 
 
 
199
 
 
 
119
 
 
 
2,146
 
 
 
2,788
 
 
 
10,111
 
 
 
38,092
 
 
 
65,320
 
Total assets
 
$
444,346
 
 
$
127,681
 
 
$
122,921
 
 
$
77,375
 
 
$
91,183
 
 
$
336,218
 
 
$
399,305
 
 
$
229,512
 
 
$
247,566
 
 
$
2,076,107
 
Liabilities and equity
                   
Deposits (3)
                   
Unsecured borrowing
 
$
110,259
 
 
$
73,064
 
 
$
90,917
 
 
$
70,514
 
 
$
75,563
 
 
$
62,513
 
 
$
79,481
 
 
$
37,400
 
 
$
645,017
 
 
$
1,244,728
 
Secured borrowing
 
 
4,136
 
 
 
8,846
 
 
 
6,810
 
 
 
3,352
 
 
 
1,692
 
 
 
6,719
 
 
 
17,128
 
 
 
8,915
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
57,598
 
Covered bonds
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,776
 
 
 
2,221
 
 
 
1,465
 
 
 
3,945
 
 
 
13,019
 
 
 
32,692
 
 
 
3,821
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
58,939
 
Other
                   
Acceptances
 
 
130
 
 
 
571
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
5
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
708
 
Obligations related to securities sold short
 
 
33,972
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
33,972
 
Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned (2)
 
 
203,464
 
 
 
54,845
 
 
 
7,512
 
 
 
9,935
 
 
 
6,402
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
22,212
 
 
 
304,373
 
Derivatives
 
 
9,486
 
 
 
16,546
 
 
 
11,451
 
 
 
7,497
 
 
 
8,502
 
 
 
14,148
 
 
 
23,250
 
 
 
36,004
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
126,884
 
Other financial liabilities
 
 
38,054
 
 
 
3,218
 
 
 
2,800
 
 
 
1,888
 
 
 
1,916
 
 
 
957
 
 
 
2,367
 
 
 
16,808
 
 
 
1,310
 
 
 
69,318
 
Subordinated debentures
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,987
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
11,450
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
13,437
 
Total financial liabilities
 
 
399,501
 
 
 
158,866
 
 
 
121,713
 
 
 
94,651
 
 
 
98,020
 
 
 
99,346
 
 
 
154,923
 
 
 
114,398
 
 
 
668,539
 
 
 
1,909,957
 
Other
non-financial
liabilities
 
 
1,103
 
 
 
1,124
 
 
 
5,655
 
 
 
341
 
 
 
157
 
 
 
1,397
 
 
 
1,379
 
 
 
19,625
 
 
 
10,877
 
 
 
41,658
 
Equity
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
124,492
 
 
 
124,492
 
Total liabilities and equity
 
$
400,604
 
 
$
159,990
 
 
$
127,368
 
 
$
94,992
 
 
$
98,177
 
 
$
100,743
 
 
$
156,302
 
 
$
134,023
 
 
$
803,908
 
 
$
2,076,107
 
Off-balance
sheet items
                   
Financial guarantees
 
$
776
 
 
$
2,737
 
 
$
3,887
 
 
$
4,751
 
 
$
3,689
 
 
$
980
 
 
$
7,104
 
 
$
1,122
 
 
$
40
 
 
$
25,086
 
Commitments to extend credit
 
 
3,996
 
 
 
9,925
 
 
 
17,470
 
 
 
17,863
 
 
 
22,595
 
 
 
65,158
 
 
 
212,426
 
 
 
25,219
 
 
 
3,857
 
 
 
378,509
 
Other credit-related commitments
 
 
29,444
 
 
 
1,544
 
 
 
2,358
 
 
 
2,458
 
 
 
3,009
 
 
 
377
 
 
 
1,234
 
 
 
110
 
 
 
85,922
 
 
 
126,456
 
Other commitments
 
 
6
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
18
 
 
 
18
 
 
 
18
 
 
 
62
 
 
 
152
 
 
 
188
 
 
 
936
 
 
 
1,408
 
Total
off-balance
sheet items
 
$
34,222
 
 
$
14,216
 
 
$
23,733
 
 
$
25,090
 
 
$
29,311
 
 
$
66,577
 
 
$
220,916
 
 
$
26,639
 
 
$
90,755
 
 
$
531,459
 
 
(1)   With the exception of debt securities within the Insurance segment, trading debt securities classified as FVTPL have been included in the less than 1 month category as there is no expectation to hold these assets to their contractual maturity.
(2)   Open reverse repo and repo contracts, which have no set maturity date and are typically short-term, have been included in the with no specific maturity category.
(3)   A major portion of relationship-based deposits are repayable on demand or at short notice on a contractual basis while, in practice, these customer balances form a core base for our operations and liquidity needs, as explained in the preceding Deposit and funding profile section.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   41
 
     As at April 30, 2024  
(Millions of Canadian dollars)   Less than
1 month
    1 to 3
months
    3 to 6
months
    6 to 9
months
    9 to 12
months
    1 year
to 2 years
    2 years
to 5 years
    5 years
and greater
    With no
specific
maturity
    Total  
Assets
                   
Cash and deposits with banks
  $ 97,580     $ 11     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ 2,241     $ 99,832  
Securities
                   
Trading (1)
    87,638       225       300       191       29       57       686       10,782       73,658       173,566  
Investment, net of applicable allowance
    5,158       8,386       4,412       5,188       7,599       45,901       76,182       85,011       1,150       238,987  
Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed (2)
    124,533       71,600       39,967       28,174       17,906       1       –       –       19,616       301,797  
Loans, net of applicable allowance
    48,164       32,869       41,487       51,113       50,861       243,493       313,973       77,250       101,329       960,539  
Other
                   
Customers’ liability under acceptances
    6,560       2,543       –       2       –       –       5       –       (51 )      9,059  
Derivatives
    10,115       12,843       7,860       8,177       6,419       15,184       27,909       41,692       –       130,199  
Other financial assets
    38,392       3,200       1,820       709       966       164       671       1,987       3,881       51,790  
Total financial assets
    418,140       131,677       95,846       93,554       83,780       304,800       419,426       216,722       201,824       1,965,769  
Other
non-financial
assets
    8,062       2,333       1,791       159       131       2,745       2,612       9,598       37,850       65,281  
Total assets
  $  426,202     $  134,010     $  97,637     $  93,713     $  83,911     $  307,545     $  422,038     $  226,320     $  239,674     $  2,031,050  
Liabilities and equity
                   
Deposits (3)
                   
Unsecured borrowing
  $ 91,143     $ 80,798     $ 83,610     $ 80,978     $ 64,877     $ 59,440     $ 79,604     $ 33,161     $ 638,515     $ 1,212,126  
Secured borrowing
    4,802       6,893       9,644       2,105       2,245       6,683       16,086       9,966       –       58,424  
Covered bonds
    –       –       1,722       2,154       1,427       11,876       34,979       4,895       –       57,053  
Other
                   
Acceptances
    6,560       2,543       –       2       –       –       5       –       –       9,110  
Obligations related to securities sold short
    31,487       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       31,487  
Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned (2)
    192,996       43,991       12,306       40       8,596       5       –       –       21,787       279,721  
Derivatives
    9,432       15,297       8,632       10,408       7,561       15,926       28,281       41,031       –       136,568  
Other financial liabilities
    39,024       2,925       3,320       1,852       2,073       1,067       2,378       16,393       1,507       70,539  
Subordinated debentures
    –       –       –       –       –       1,947       –       11,517       –       13,464  
Total financial liabilities
    375,444       152,447       119,234       97,539       86,779       96,944       161,333       116,963       661,809       1,868,492  
Other
non-financial
liabilities
    2,347       982       98       4,597       199       1,264       1,260       19,574       10,633       40,954  
Equity
    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       121,604       121,604  
Total liabilities and equity
  $  377,791     $  153,429     $  119,332     $  102,136     $  86,978     $  98,208     $  162,593     $  136,537     $  794,046     $  2,031,050  
Off-balance
sheet items
                   
Financial guarantees
  $ 1,075     $ 2,340     $ 3,858     $ 4,073     $ 4,657     $ 987     $ 7,699     $ 843     $ 19     $ 25,551  
Commitments to extend credit
    4,261       12,228       14,509       17,925       22,640       62,144       208,876       25,822       4,685       373,090  
Other credit-related commitments
    29,105       1,992       2,383       2,353       2,437       572       1,026       109       83,484       123,461  
Other commitments
    6       11       16       17       18       62       152       193       965       1,440  
Total
off-balance
sheet items
  $ 34,447     $ 16,571     $ 20,766     $ 24,368     $ 29,752     $ 63,765     $ 217,753     $ 26,967     $ 89,153     $ 523,542  
 
(1)   With the exception of debt securities within the Insurance segment, trading debt securities classified as FVTPL have been included in the less than 1 month category as there is no expectation to hold these assets to their contractual maturity.
(2)   Open reverse repo and repo contracts, which have no set maturity date and are typically short-term, have been included in the with no specific maturity category.
(3)   A major portion of relationship-based deposits are repayable on demand or at short notice on a contractual basis while, in practice, these customer balances form a core base for our operations and liquidity needs, as explained in the preceding Deposit and funding profile section.
 
Capital management
 
We continue to manage our capital in accordance with our Capital Management Framework as described in our 2023 Annual Report. In addition, we continue to monitor for new regulatory capital developments, including OSFI guidance, in order to ensure compliance with these requirements as disclosed in the Capital management section in our 2023 Annual Report, as updated below.
OSFI expects Canadian banks to meet the Basel III targets for CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratios. Under Basel III, banks select from two main approaches, the Standardized Approach (SA) or the Internal Ratings Based (IRB) Approach, to calculate their minimum regulatory capital required to support credit, market and operational risks. We apply the IRB approach to credit risk to determine minimum regulatory capital requirements for the majority of our portfolios, including most of the exposures acquired from the HSBC Canada transaction. Certain credit risk portfolios are subject to SA, primarily in Wealth Management including our City National wholesale portfolio, our Caribbean Banking operations and certain
non-mortgage
retail portfolios acquired through the HSBC Canada transaction. For consolidated regulatory reporting of market risk capital and operational risk capital, we use the revised SA based on OSFI rules as further noted below.
The Financial Stability Board (FSB) has
re-designated
us as a Global Systemically Important Bank
(G-SIB).
This designation requires us to maintain a higher loss absorbency requirement (common equity as a percentage of RWA) of 1% consistent with the
D-SIB
requirement. In addition to the Basel III targets, OSFI established a Domestic Stability Buffer (DSB) applicable to all Canadian
D-SIBs
to further ensure the financial stability of the Canadian financial system. The current OSFI requirement for the DSB is set at 3.5% of total RWA as reaffirmed by OSFI on June 18, 2024.

Table of Contents
42   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Under OSFI’s Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (TLAC) guideline,
D-SIBs
are required to maintain a risk-based TLAC ratio which builds on the risk-based capital ratios described in the CAR guideline, and a TLAC leverage ratio which builds on the leverage ratio described in OSFI’s LR guideline. The TLAC requirement is intended to address the sufficiency of a
D-SIB’s
loss absorbing capacity in supporting its recapitalization in the event of its failure. TLAC is defined as the aggregate of Tier 1 capital, Tier 2 capital and external TLAC instruments, which allow conversion in whole or in part into common shares under the CDIC Act and meet all of the eligibility criteria under the TLAC guideline.
Effective Q2 2023 we implemented OSFI’s first phase of the adoption of the final BCBS Basel III reforms consisting of revised capital, leverage and disclosure guidelines. The second phase of OSFI’s implementation of the final BCBS Basel III reforms relating to the revised credit valuation adjustment (CVA) and market risk chapters of the CAR guideline came into effect in Q1 2024. The adoption of the revised CVA and market risk rules reflects adoption of a revised SA framework for CVA and a revised SA for market risk, as well as the discontinuation of our existing internal models-based approach used for market risk RWA determination. The revised Pillar 3 disclosure requirements effective upon adoption of these revised rules were reflected in our Q1 2024 standalone Pillar 3 Report. In addition, as prescribed by the CAR guidelines, effective Q1 2024 our regulatory capital floor transitioned to a new regulatory capital floor of 67.5% of RWA for fiscal 2024 from 65% of RWA in fiscal 2023. On July 5, 2024, OSFI announced a
one-year
delay to the increase in the capital floor factor, maintaining the current 67.5% of RWA (as calculated using only SA for credit, market and operational risk) factor throughout 2024 and 2025, and delaying the 70% factor implementation from 2025 to 2026, and the 72.5% factor implementation from 2026 to 2027.
Our methodology for allocating capital to our business segments is based on the Basel III regulatory capital requirements, with the exception of Insurance. Effective November 1, 2023, our attributed capital methodology incorporates leverage requirements to allocate capital to our business segments. Our insurance platform continues to be allocated capital based on fully diversified economic capital, similar to past quarters. For further details on changes to our attributed capital methodology, refer to the How we measure and report our business segments section.
For further details, refer to the Capital management section of our 2023 Annual Report.
The following table provides a summary of OSFI’s current regulatory target ratios under Basel III and Pillar 2 requirements. We are in compliance with all current capital, leverage and TLAC requirements imposed by OSFI:
 
Basel III
capital,
leverage and TLAC
ratios
 
 
OSFI regulatory target requirements for large banks under Basel III
   
 
Domestic
Stability
Buffer 
(3)
   
 
Minimum
including
Capital Buffers,
D-SIB/G-SIB
surcharge and
Domestic
Stability
Buffer as at
July 31, 2024
(4)
   
RBC capital,
leverage and
TLAC ratios
as at
July 31, 2024
 
 
Minimum
   
Capital
Buffers
   
Minimum
including
Capital
Buffers
   
D-SIB/G-SIB
surcharge 
(1)
   
Minimum including
Capital Buffers
and
D-SIB/G-SIB

surcharge
(1), (2)
 
                 
Common Equity Tier 1     4.5%       2.6%       7.1%       1.0%       8.1%       3.5%       11.6%       13.0%  
Tier 1 capital     6.0%       2.6%       8.6%       1.0%       9.6%       3.5%       13.1%       14.5%  
Total capital     8.0%       2.6%       10.6%       1.0%       11.6%       3.5%       15.1%       16.3%  
Leverage ratio     3.0%       n.a.       3.0%       0.5%       3.5%       n.a.       3.5%       4.2%  
TLAC ratio     21.6%       n.a.       21.6%       n.a.       21.6%       3.5%       25.1%       28.4%  
TLAC leverage ratio     7.25%       n.a.       7.25%       n.a.       7.25%       n.a.       7.25%       8.3%  
 
(1)   A capital surcharge, equal to the higher of our
D-SIB
surcharge and the BCBS’s
G-SIB
surcharge, is applicable to risk-weighted capital. For leverage ratio, only 50% of our D-SIB surcharge for capital is the required surcharge.
(2)   The capital buffers include the capital conservation buffer of 2.5% and the countercyclical capital buffer (CCyB) as prescribed by OSFI. The CCyB, calculated in accordance with OSFI’s CAR guidelines, was 0.07% as at July 31, 2024 (April 30, 2024 – 0.05%; October 31, 2023 – 0.06%).
(3)   The DSB can range from 0% to 4% of total RWA and is currently set at 3.5%.
(4)   Minimum target requirements reflect CCyB requirements as at July 31, 2024 which are subject to change based on exposures held at the reporting date.
n.a.   not applicable

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   43
 
The following table provides details on our regulatory capital, TLAC available, RWA, and on ratios for capital, leverage and TLAC. Our capital position remains strong and our capital, leverage and TLAC ratios remain well above OSFI regulatory targets.
 
     As at  
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts and as otherwise noted)
 
July 31
2024
   
April 30
2024
   
October 31
2023
 
Capital
(1), (2)
     
CET1 capital
 
$
86,230
 
  $ 83,497     $ 86,611  
Tier 1 capital
 
 
95,724
 
    92,444       93,904  
Total capital
 
 
108,079
 
    105,353       104,952  
RWA used in calculation of capital ratios
(1), (2)
     
Credit risk
 
$
540,482
 
  $ 531,381     $ 475,842  
Market risk
 
 
32,920
 
    35,156       40,498  
Operational risk
 
 
87,775
 
    87,165       79,883  
Total RWA
 
$
661,177
 
  $ 653,702     $ 596,223  
Capital ratios and Leverage ratio
(1), (2)
     
CET1 ratio
 
 
13.0%
 
    12.8%     14.5%
Tier 1 capital ratio
 
 
14.5%
 
    14.1%     15.7%
Total capital ratio
 
 
16.3%
 
    16.1%     17.6%
Leverage ratio
 
 
4.2%
 
    4.2%     4.3%
Leverage ratio exposure
 
$
2,271,007
 
  $ 2,219,019     $ 2,179,590  
TLAC available and ratios
(1), (3)
     
TLAC available
 
$
187,656
 
  $   179,902     $   184,916  
TLAC ratio
 
 
28.4%
 
    27.5%     31.0%
TLAC leverage ratio
 
 
   8.3%
 
    8.1%     8.5%
 
  (1)   As prior period restatements are not required by OSFI, there was no impact from the adoption of IFRS 17 on regulatory capital, RWA, capital ratios, leverage ratio, TLAC available and TLAC ratios for periods prior to November 1, 2023.  
  (2)   Capital, RWA and capital ratios are calculated using OSFI’s CAR guideline and the Leverage ratio is calculated using OSFI’s LR guideline. Both the CAR guideline and LR guideline are based on the Basel III framework. The period ended October 31, 2023 reflects our adoption of the revised CAR and LR guidelines that came into effect in Q2 2023, as further updated on October 20, 2023 as part of OSFI’s implementation of the Basel III reforms. The periods ended July 31, 2024 and April 30, 2024 also reflect our adoption of the revised market risk and CVA frameworks that came into effect on November 1, 2023.  
  (3)   TLAC available and TLAC ratios are calculated using OSFI’s TLAC guideline. The TLAC standard is applied at the resolution entity level which for us is deemed to be Royal Bank of Canada and its subsidiaries. A resolution entity and its subsidiaries are collectively called a resolution group. The TLAC ratio and TLAC leverage ratio are calculated using the TLAC available as a percentage of total RWA and leverage exposure, respectively.  

Table of Contents
44   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Q3 2024 vs. Q2 2024
 
 
 
(1)   Represents rounded figures.
(2)   Represents net internal capital generation of $2.5 billion or 38 bps consisting of Net income available to shareholders excluding the impact of the specified item, less common and preferred share dividends and distributions on other equity instruments.
(3)   Excludes the specified item for transaction and integration costs relating to the HSBC Canada transaction.
(4)   Includes the impact of the specified item noted above.
Our CET1 ratio was 13.0%, up 20 bps from last quarter, mainly reflecting net internal capital generation, partially offset by RWA growth (excluding FX).
Total RWA increased by $7 billion, mainly due to the impact of net credit migration and foreign exchange translation. The net impact of business growth, mainly driven by wholesale and personal lending, partly offset by lower market risk, also contributed to the increase. In our CET1 ratio, the impact of foreign exchange translation on RWA is largely mitigated with economic hedges.
Our Tier 1 capital ratio of 14.5% was up 40 bps, mainly reflecting the factors noted above under the CET1 ratio and the net impact of Tier 1 issuances and redemptions.
Our Total capital ratio of 16.3% was up 20 bps, mainly reflecting the factors noted above under the Tier 1 capital ratio.
Our Leverage ratio of 4.2% was unchanged from last quarter, as net internal capital generation was offset by business-driven growth in leverage exposures.
Leverage exposures increased by $52 billion, primarily due to volume growth in repo-style transactions, interest-bearing deposits with banks and securities. The impact of foreign exchange translation also contributed to the increase.
Our TLAC ratio of 28.4% was up 90 bps, reflecting a favourable impact from a net increase in eligible external TLAC instruments, as well as the factors noted above under the Total capital ratio.
Our TLAC leverage ratio of 8.3% was up 20 bps, reflecting a favourable impact from a net increase in eligible external TLAC instruments, as well as the factors noted above under the Leverage ratio.
External TLAC instruments include long-term debt subject to conversion under the
Bail-in
regime. For further details, refer to Deposit and funding profile in the Liquidity and funding risk section.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   45
 
Selected capital management activity
The following table provides our selected capital management activity:
 
    
For the three months ended
July 31, 2024
          
For the nine months ended
July 31, 2024
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except number of shares)  
Issuance or
redemption date
   
Number of
shares 
(000s)
   
Amount
          
Number of
shares 
(000s)
   
Amount
 
Tier 1 capital
           
Common shares activity
           
Issued in connection with share-based compensation plans
(1)
   
 
683
 
 
$
66
 
   
 
1,311
 
 
$
126
 
Issued under the DRIP
(2)
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
 11,850
 
 
 
 1,460
 
Purchased for cancellation
(3)
   
 
(480
) 
 
 
(7
) 
   
 
(480
) 
 
 
(7
) 
Redemption of preferred shares,
Series C-2 
(3)
 
 
November 7, 2023
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
(15
) 
 
 
(23
) 
Issuance of preferred shares, Series BU 
(3), (4)
 
 
January 25, 2024
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
750
 
 
 
750
 
Issuance of limited recourse capital notes (LRCNs) Series 4 
(3), (4), (5)
 
 
April 24, 2024
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
1,000
 
 
 
1,370
 
Redemption of preferred shares, Series AZ 
(3), (4)
 
 
May 24, 2024
 
 
 
(20,000
) 
 
 
(500
) 
   
 
(20,000
) 
 
 
(500
) 
Issuance of preferred shares, Series BW 
(3), (4)
 
 
July 24, 2024
 
 
 
600
 
 
 
 600
 
   
 
600
 
 
 
600
 
Tier 2 capital
           
Issuance of April 3, 2034 subordinated debentures
(3), (4)
 
 
April 2, 2024
 
   
$
–
 
     
$
2,000
 
Redemption of July 25, 2029 subordinated debentures
(3), (4)
 
 
July 25, 2024
 
   
 
 (1,500
) 
     
 
 (1,500
) 
Issuance of August 8, 2034 subordinated debentures
(3), (4)
 
 
July 29, 2024
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,250
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,250
 
 
  (1)   Amounts include cash received for stock options exercised during the period and fair value adjustments to stock options.
  (2)   On February 28, 2024, we announced our intention to satisfy requirements of the DRIP through open market share purchases with no discount from the Average Market Price (as defined in the DRIP) for our May 24, 2024 dividend and for future dividends declared until further notice. The requirements of the DRIP were satisfied through shares issued from treasury for the first two quarters of 2024 and through open market share purchases for the third quarter of 2024.  
  (3)   For further details, refer to Note 11 of our Condensed Financial Statements.
  (4)  
Non-Viability
Contingent Capital (NVCC) instruments.
  (5)   For the LRCNs, the number of shares represents the number of notes issued.
On June 10, 2024, we announced a normal course issuer bid (NCIB) to purchase up to 30 million of our common shares, commencing on June 12, 2024 and continuing until June 11, 2025, or such earlier date as we complete the repurchase of all shares permitted under the bid. Since the inception of this NCIB, the total number of common shares repurchased and cancelled was approximately 480 thousand, at a cost of approximately $73 million.
We determine the amount and timing of purchases under the NCIB, subject to prior consultation with OSFI. Purchases may be made through the TSX, the NYSE and other designated exchanges and alternative Canadian trading systems. The price paid for repurchased shares is the prevailing market price at the time of acquisition.
On November 7, 2023, we redeemed all 15 thousand of our issued and outstanding
Non-Cumulative
First Preferred Shares Series
C-2
at a redemption price of US$1,000 per share. Concurrently, we redeemed all 615 thousand Series
C-2
depositary shares, each of which represents a
one-fortieth
interest in a Series
C-2
share.
On January 25, 2024, we issued 750 thousand
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Fixed Rate Reset First Preferred Shares Series BU (NVCC) to certain institutional investors at a price of $1,000 per share.
On April 2, 2024, we issued $2,000 million of NVCC subordinated debentures. The notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.096% per annum until April 3, 2029, and at the Daily Compounded Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average plus 1.56% thereafter until their maturity on April 3, 2034.
On April 24, 2024, we issued US$1,000 million of LRCN Series 4 at a price of US$1,000 per note. The LRCN Series 4 bear interest at a fixed rate of 7.5% per annum until May 2, 2029. Thereafter, the interest rate on the LRCN Series 4 will reset every five years at a rate per annum equal to the prevailing
5-Year
U.S. Treasury Rate plus 2.887% until their maturity on May 2, 2084.
On May 24, 2024, we redeemed all 20 million of our issued and outstanding
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Rate Reset First Preferred Shares Series AZ at a redemption price of $25 per share.
On July 24, 2024, we issued 600 thousand
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Fixed Rate Reset First Preferred Shares Series BW (NVCC) to certain institutional investors at a price of $1,000 per share.
On July 25, 2024, we redeemed all $1,500 million of our outstanding NVCC 2.74% subordinated debentures due July 25, 2029 for 100% of their principal amount plus accrued interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.
On July 29, 2024, we issued $1,250 million of NVCC subordinated debentures. The notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.829% per annum until August 8, 2029, and at the Daily Compounded Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average plus 1.55% thereafter until their maturity on August 8, 2034.
On August 24, 2024, we redeemed all 20 million of our issued and outstanding
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Rate Reset First Preferred Shares Series BB at a redemption price of $25 per share.

Table of Contents
46   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Selected share data
(1)
 
    
As at July 31, 2024
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars,
except number of shares and as otherwise noted)
 
Number of
shares 
(000s)
   
Amount
   
Dividends
declared per
share
 
Common shares issued
 
 
1,415,053
 
 
$
 20,977
 
 
$
1.42
 
Treasury shares – common shares
(2)
 
 
(1,387
) 
 
 
(191
) 
       
Common shares outstanding
 
 
1,413,666
 
 
$
20,786
 
       
Stock options and awards
     
Outstanding
 
 
8,049
 
   
Exercisable
 
 
3,626
 
               
First preferred shares issued
     
Non-cumulative
Series BB
(3), (4)
 
 
20,000
 
 
$
500
 
 
$
0.23
 
Non-cumulative
Series BD
(3), (4)
 
 
24,000
 
 
 
600
 
 
 
0.20
 
Non-cumulative
Series BF
(3), (4)
 
 
12,000
 
 
 
300
 
 
 
0.19
 
Non-cumulative
Series BH
(4)
 
 
6,000
 
 
 
150
 
 
 
0.31
 
Non-cumulative
Series BI
(4)
 
 
6,000
 
 
 
150
 
 
 
0.31
 
Non-cumulative
Series BO
(3), (4)
 
 
14,000
 
 
 
350
 
 
 
0.37
 
Non-cumulative
Series BT
(3), (4), (5)
 
 
750
 
 
 
750
 
 
 
  4.20%
 
Non-cumulative
Series BU
(3), (4), (5)
 
 
750
 
 
 
750
 
 
 
7.41%
 
Non-cumulative
Series BW
(3), (4), (5)
 
 
600
 
 
 
600
 
 
 
6.70%
 
Other equity instruments issued
     
Limited recourse capital notes Series 1
(3), (4), (6), (7)
 
 
1,750
 
 
 
1,750
 
 
 
4.50%
 
Limited recourse capital notes Series 2
(3), (4), (6), (7)
 
 
1,250
 
 
 
1,250
 
 
 
4.00%
 
Limited recourse capital notes Series 3
(3), (4), (6), (7)
 
 
1,000
 
 
 
1,000
 
 
 
3.65%
 
Limited recourse capital notes Series 4
(3), (4), (6), (7)
 
 
1,000
 
 
 
1,370
 
 
 
7.50%
 
Preferred shares and other equity instruments issued
 
 
89,100
 
 
 
9,520
 
 
Treasury instruments – preferred shares and other equity instruments
(2)
 
 
(39
) 
 
 
(28
) 
       
Preferred shares and other equity instruments outstanding
 
 
89,061
 
 
$
9,492
 
       
Dividends on common shares
   
$
2,009
 
 
Dividends on preferred shares and distributions on other equity instruments
(8)
         
 
106
 
       
 
  (1)   For further details about our capital management activity, refer to Note 11 of our Condensed Financial Statements.  
  (2)   Positive amounts represent a short position and negative amounts represent a long position.  
  (3)   Dividend rate will reset every five years.  
  (4)   NVCC instruments.  
  (5)   The dividends declared per share represent the per annum dividend rate applicable to the shares issued as at the reporting date.  
  (6)   For LRCN Series, the number of shares represent the number of notes issued and the dividends declared per share represent the annual interest rate percentage applicable to the notes issued as at the reporting date.  
  (7)   In connection with the issuance of LRCN Series 1, on July 28, 2020, we issued $1,750 million of First Preferred Shares Series BQ (Series BQ); in connection with the issuance of LRCN Series 2, on November 2, 2020, we issued $1,250 million of First Preferred Shares Series BR (Series BR); in connection with the issuance of LRCN Series 3, on June 8, 2021, we issued $1,000 million of First Preferred Shares Series BS (Series BS); and in connection with the issuance of LRCN Series 4 on April 24, 2024, we issued US$1,000 million of First Preferred Shares Series BV (Series BV). The Series BQ, BR and BS preferred shares were issued at a price of $1,000 per share and the Series BV preferred shares were issued at a price of US$1,000 per share. The Series BQ, BR, BS and BV preferred shares were issued to a consolidated trust to be held as trust assets in connection with the LRCN structure. For further details, refer to Note 20 of our 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.  
  (8)   Excludes distributions to
non-controlling
interests.
 
As at August 23, 2024, the number of outstanding common shares was 1,414,455,806, net of treasury shares held of 596,325, and the number of stock options and awards was 7,959,865.
NVCC provisions require the conversion of the capital instrument into a variable number of common shares in the event that OSFI deems a bank to be
non-viable
or a federal or provincial government in Canada publicly announces that a bank has accepted or agreed to accept a capital injection. If a NVCC trigger event were to occur, our NVCC capital instruments as at July 31, 2024, which were the preferred shares Series BB, BD, BF, BH, BI, BO, BT, BU, BW, LRCN Series 1, LRCN Series 2, LRCN Series 3, LRCN Series 4 and subordinated debentures due on January 27, 2026, December 23, 2029, June 30, 2030, January 28, 2033, November 3, 2031, May 3, 2032, February 1, 2033, April 3, 2034, and August 8, 2034 would be converted into common shares pursuant to an automatic conversion formula with a conversion price based on the greater of: (i) a contractual floor price of $5.00 (subject to adjustment in certain circumstances), and (ii) the current market price of our common shares at the time of the trigger event
(10-day
weighted average). Based on a floor price of $5.00 and including an estimate for accrued dividends and interest, these NVCC capital instruments would convert into a maximum of approximately 6.0 billion common shares, in aggregate, which would represent a dilution impact of 81.0% based on the number of common shares outstanding as at July 31, 2024.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   47
 
Accounting and control matters
 
 
Summary of accounting policies and estimates
 
Our Condensed Financial Statements are presented in compliance with International Accounting Standard 34
Interim Financial Reporting
. Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 2 of our audited 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements and Note 2 of our Condensed Financial Statements.
 
Changes in accounting policies and disclosures
 
Changes in accounting policies
During the first quarter of 2024, we adopted IFRS 17
Insurance Contracts
(IFRS 17), replacing IFRS 4
Insurance Contracts
(IFRS 4). Our updated critical accounting policies and estimates for insurance and reinsurance contracts are described below. We have applied IFRS 17 retrospectively and restated comparative period results beginning November 1, 2022. Adjustments to the carrying amounts of insurance and reinsurance contracts at the transition date of November 1, 2022 were recognized in Retained earnings. The comparative period information for insurance and reinsurance contracts prior to November 1, 2022 is presented in accordance with our previous accounting policies.
As permitted by the transition provisions of IFRS 17, we reclassified certain financial assets between fair value classification categories at the date of initial application of IFRS 17. The reclassifications resulted in no adjustments to the carrying amounts of financial assets as at November 1, 2023. Retained earnings and Other components of equity as at November 1, 2023 were adjusted as a result with no net impact to total equity. As permitted, we elected not to restate comparative period results for these changes and accordingly, comparative period information for the impacted financial assets prior to November 1, 2023 is presented in accordance with our previous classifications.
Refer to Note 2 of our Condensed Financial Statements for details of these changes.
Insurance and reinsurance contracts
For insurance and reinsurance contracts measured using the general measurement method or variable fee approach, the carrying amount of a group of contracts is measured as the sum of the fulfilment cash flows and CSM. The fulfilment cash flows consist of the present value of future cash flows and a risk adjustment for
non-financial
risk, discounted using the current rates as at the reporting date determined using the discount rate methodologies below. The estimates of future cash flows consider probability-weighted scenarios and include all future cash flows that are within the contract boundary. The risk adjustment for
non-financial
risk is estimated using the margin approach and represents the compensation that we require for bearing the uncertainty about the amount and timing of cash flows that arise from
non-financial
risk as the insurance contract is fulfilled. The measurement of the group of contracts requires the use of judgment in setting methodologies and assumptions for mortality, morbidity, policy lapses and other policyholder behaviour, discount rates, policy dividends, and directly attributable expenses including acquisition expenses allocated using a systematic and rational method. Changes to the underlying assumptions and estimates may have a significant effect on
Non-interest
income – Insurance service result and Insurance investment result.
Discount rates used reflect the time value of money and are based on the characteristics of the insurance and reinsurance contracts. Cash flows that vary based on the returns on underlying items are discounted at rates reflecting that variability. For cash flows that do not vary based on the returns on underlying items, we predominantly apply the
top-down
approach in determining discount rates. Under this approach, the discount rates for the observable periods are determined using yield curves implied from a reference portfolio of assets adjusted to eliminate factors (market and credit risk of the financial assets) that are not relevant to the insurance contracts. For unobservable periods, the discount rates are interpolated using the last observable point and the ultimate discount rate that is composed of a risk-free rate and illiquidity premium. For a selected portfolio, the
bottom-up
approach is applied in determining the discount rate, which uses a risk-free rate plus an illiquidity premium to reflect the characteristics of the contracts. Management judgment is required in estimating the market and credit risk factors and illiquidity premiums in determining the discount rates.
For insurance contracts, the CSM represents the unearned profit (net inflows) for providing insurance coverage. For reinsurance contracts held, the CSM represents the net cost or net gain of purchasing reinsurance. The CSM for insurance and reinsurance contacts are released into income based on coverage units, which represent the quantity of service (insurance coverage as well as investment-return and investment-related services) provided by a group of contracts and are determined by considering the quantity of benefits provided under each contract and the expected coverage duration.
Refer to Note 2 of our Condensed Financial Statements for further information.

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48   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Future changes in accounting policies and disclosures
IFRS 18
Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements
(IFRS 18)
In April 2024, the IASB issued IFRS 18 which sets out requirements for the presentation and disclosure of information in the financial statements. IFRS 18 will replace IAS 1
Presentation of Financial Statements
and accompanies limited amendments to other standards which will be effective upon the adoption of the new standard. The standard introduces new defined subtotals to be presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income, disclosure of management-defined performance measures and requirements for grouping of information. This standard will be effective for us on November 1, 2027. We are currently assessing the impact of adopting this standard on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Amendments to the Classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments
In May 2024, the IASB issued
Amendments to the Classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments
which amends IFRS 9
Financial Instruments
and IFRS 7
Financial Instruments: Disclosures
(the Amendments). The Amendments clarify classification guidance for financial assets with environmental, social and governance-linked features and introduce additional related disclosure requirements. The Amendments will be effective for us on November 1, 2026. We are currently assessing the impact of adopting the Amendments on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
Controls and procedures
 
Disclosure controls and procedures
As of July 31, 2024, management evaluated, under the supervision of and with the participation of the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Interim Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined under rules adopted by the Canadian securities regulatory authorities and the U.S. SEC. Based on that evaluation, the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Interim Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of July 31, 2024.
Internal control over financial reporting
No changes were made in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended July 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. While we implemented and modified certain internal controls over financial reporting as a result of the HSBC Canada transaction and the November 1, 2023 adoption of the IFRS 17 standard, these changes did not have a material impact on our internal control over financial reporting.
 
Related party transactions
 
In the ordinary course of business, we provide normal banking services and operational services, and enter into other transactions with associated and other related corporations, including our joint venture entities, on terms similar to those offered to
non-related
parties. We grant loans to directors, officers and other employees at rates normally accorded to preferred clients. In addition, we offer deferred share and other plans to
non-employee
directors, executives and certain other key employees. For further information, refer to Notes 12 and 26 of our audited 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   49
 
Glossary
 
 
Adjusted Results and Measures
We believe that providing adjusted results as well as certain measures and ratios enhances comparability with prior periods and enables readers to better assess trends in the underlying businesses. For further details, including a reconciliation, refer to the Key performance and
non-GAAP
measures section.
•  
Adjusted effective income tax rate
– calculated as effective income tax rate excluding the impact of specified items and amortization of acquisition-related intangibles.
•  
Adjusted income before income taxes
– calculated as income before income taxes excluding the impact of specified items and amortization of acquisition-related intangibles.
•  
Adjusted income taxes
– calculated as income taxes excluding the impact of specified items and amortization of acquisition-related intangibles.
•  
Adjusted net income
– calculated as net income excluding the impact of specified items and amortization of acquisition-related intangibles.
•  
Adjusted net income available to common shareholders
– calculated as net income available to common shareholders excluding the impact of specified items and amortization of acquisition-related intangibles.
•  
Adjusted
non-interest
expense
– calculated as
non-interest
expense excluding the impact of specified items and amortization of acquisition-related intangibles.
•  
Adjusted total revenue
– calculated as total revenue excluding the impact of specified items.
Acceptances
A bill of exchange or negotiable instrument drawn by the borrower for payment at maturity and accepted by a bank. The acceptance constitutes a guarantee of payment by the bank and can be traded in the money market. The bank earns a “stamping fee” for providing this guarantee.
Allowance for credit losses (ACL)
The amount deemed adequate by management to absorb expected credit losses as at the balance sheet date. The allowance is established for all financial assets subject to impairment assessment, including certain loans, debt securities, customers’ liability under acceptances, financial guarantees, and undrawn loan commitments. The allowance is changed by the amount of provision for credit losses recorded, which is charged to income, and decreased by the amount of write-offs net of recoveries in the period.
ACL on loans ratio
ACL on loans ratio is calculated as ACL on loans as a percentage of total loans and acceptances.
Asset-backed securities (ABS)
Securities created through the securitization of a pool of assets, for example auto loans or credit card loans.
Assets under administration (AUA)
Assets administered by us, which are beneficially owned by clients, unless otherwise noted. Services provided in respect of assets under administration are of an administrative nature, including safekeeping, collecting investment income, settling purchase and sale transactions, and record keeping.
Assets under management (AUM)
Assets managed by us, which are beneficially owned by clients, unless otherwise noted. Services provided in respect of assets under management include the selection of investments and the provision of investment advice. We have assets under management that are also administered by us and included in assets under administration.
Attributed capital
Attributed capital to our business segments is based on the Basel III regulatory capital and leverage requirements other than for our insurance segment for which we attribute capital based only on economic capital.
Auction rate securities (ARS)
Debt securities whose interest rates are regularly reset through an auction process.
Average earning assets, net
Average earning assets include interest-bearing deposits with other banks, securities, net of applicable allowance, assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed, loans, net of allowance, cash collateral and margin deposits. Insurance assets, and all other assets not specified are excluded. The averages are based on the daily balances for the period.
Basis point (bp)
One
one-hundredth
of a percentage point (.01%).
Collateral
Assets pledged as security for a loan or other obligation. Collateral can take many forms, such as cash, highly rated securities, property, inventory, equipment and receivables.
Collateralized debt obligation (CDO)
Securities with multiple tranches that are issued by structured entities and collateralized by debt obligations including bonds and loans. Each tranche offers a varying degree of risk and return so as to meet investor demand.
Commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS)
Securities created through the securitization of commercial mortgages.
Commitments to extend credit
Unutilized amount of credit facilities available to clients either in the form of loans, bankers’ acceptances and other
on-balance
sheet financing, or through
off-balance
sheet products such as guarantees and letters of credit.
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital
A regulatory Basel III capital measure comprised mainly of common shareholders’ equity less regulatory deductions and adjustments for goodwill and intangibles, defined benefit pension fund assets, shortfall in allowances and other specified items. The CET1 capital is calculated in accordance with OSFI’s CAR guideline. For more details, refer to the Capital management section.
Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio
A risk-based capital measure calculated as CET1 capital divided by risk-weighted assets. The CET1 ratio is calculated in accordance with OSFI’s CAR guideline.
Contractual service margin (CSM)
For insurance contracts, the CSM represents the unearned profit (net inflows) for providing insurance coverage. For reinsurance contracts held, the CSM represents the net cost or net gain of purchasing reinsurance.
Covered bonds
Full recourse
on-balance
sheet obligations issued by banks and credit institutions that are fully collateralized by assets over which investors enjoy a priority claim in the event of an issuer’s insolvency.
Credit default swaps (CDS)
A derivative contract that provides the purchaser with a
one-time
payment should the referenced entity/entities default (or a similar triggering event occur).
Derivative
A contract between two parties, which requires little or no initial investment and where payments between the parties are dependent upon the movements in price of an underlying instrument, index or financial rate. Examples of derivatives include swaps, options, forward rate agreements and futures. The notional amount of the derivative is the contract amount used as a reference point to calculate the payments to be exchanged between the two parties, and the notional amount itself is generally not exchanged by the parties.
Dividend payout ratio
Common dividends as a percentage of net income available to common shareholders.
Dividend yield
Dividends per common share divided by the average of the high and low share price in the relevant period.
Earnings per share (EPS), basic
Calculated as net income available to common shareholders divided by the average number of shares outstanding. Adjusted EPS, basic is calculated in the same manner, using adjusted net income available to common shareholders.
Earnings per share (EPS), diluted
Calculated as net income available to common shareholders divided by the average number of shares outstanding adjusted for the dilutive effects of stock options and other convertible securities. Adjusted EPS, diluted is calculated in the same manner, using adjusted net income available to common shareholders.
Efficiency ratio
Non-interest
expense as a percentage of total revenue. Adjusted efficiency ratio is calculated in the same manner, using adjusted
non-interest
expense and adjusted total revenue.
Expected credit losses
The difference between the contractual cash flows due to us in accordance with the relevant contractual terms and the cash flows that we expect to receive, discounted to the balance sheet date.
Fair value
Fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

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50   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Funding valuation adjustment
Funding valuation adjustments are calculated to incorporate cost and benefit of funding in the valuation of uncollateralized and under-collateralized OTC derivatives. Future expected cash flows of these derivatives are discounted to reflect the cost and benefit of funding the derivatives by using a funding curve, implied volatilities and correlations as inputs.
Guarantees and standby letters of credit
These primarily represent irrevocable assurances that a bank will make payments in the event that its client cannot meet its financial obligations to third parties. Certain other guarantees, such as bid and performance bonds, represent
non-financial
undertakings.
Hedge
A risk management technique used to mitigate exposure from market, interest rate or foreign currency exchange risk arising from normal banking operations. The elimination or reduction of such exposure is accomplished by establishing offsetting positions. For example, assets denominated in foreign currencies can be offset with liabilities in the same currencies or through the use of foreign exchange hedging instruments such as futures, options or foreign exchange contracts.
Hedge funds
A type of investment fund, marketed to accredited high net worth investors, that is subject to limited regulation and restrictions on its investments compared to retail mutual funds, and that often utilize aggressive strategies such as selling short, leverage, program trading, swaps, arbitrage and derivatives.
High-quality liquid assets (HQLA)
HQLA are cash or assets that can be converted into cash quickly through sales (or by being pledged as collateral) with no significant loss of value.
Impaired loans
Loans are classified as impaired when there has been a deterioration of credit quality to the extent that management no longer has reasonable assurance of timely collection of the full amount of principal and interest in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Credit card balances are not classified as impaired as they are directly written off after payments are 180 days past due.
Insurance contracts
Contracts under which we accept significant insurance risk from a policyholder by agreeing to compensate the policyholder if a specified uncertain future event adversely affects the policyholder. Insurance contracts also include reinsurance contracts issued by us to compensate another company for claims arising from underlying insurance contracts issued by that other company.
Insurance investment result
Calculated as Net investment income from the Insurance segment, Insurance finance income (expense) from insurance contracts and Reinsurance finance income (expense) from reinsurance contracts held.
Insurance service result
Calculated as Insurance revenue less Insurance service expense from insurance contracts and Net income (expense) from reinsurance contracts held.
International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)
IFRS are principles-based standards, interpretations and the framework adopted by the International Accounting Standards Board.
Leverage ratio
A Basel III regulatory measure, the ratio divides Tier 1 capital by the leverage exposure measure. The leverage ratio is a
non-risk
based measure and is calculated in accordance with OSFI’s LR guideline.
Leverage ratio exposure
The leverage ratio exposure is calculated in accordance with OSFI’s LR guideline and is defined as the sum of total assets plus
off-balance
sheet items after certain adjustments.
Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR)
The LCR is a Basel III standard that aims to ensure that an institution has an adequate stock of unencumbered HQLA that consists of cash or assets that can be converted into cash at little or no loss of value in private markets, to meet its liquidity needs for a 30 calendar day liquidity stress scenario. The LCR is calculated in accordance with OSFI’s LAR guideline.
Loan-to-value
(LTV) ratio
Calculated based on the total facility amount for the residential mortgage and RBC Homeline Plan product divided by the value of the related residential property.
Master netting agreement
An agreement between us and a counterparty designed to reduce the credit risk of multiple derivative transactions through the creation of a legal right of offset of exposure in the event of a default.
Net interest income
The difference between what is earned on assets such as loans and securities and what is paid on liabilities such as deposits and subordinated debentures.
Net interest margin (NIM) on average earning assets, net
Calculated as net interest income divided by average earning assets, net.
Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR)
The NSFR is a Basel III standard that requires institutions to maintain a stable funding profile defined as available amount of stable funding (ASF) in relation to the composition of their assets and
off-balance
sheet activities defined as required amount of stable funding (RSF). The ratio should be at least equal to 100% on an ongoing basis. The NSFR is calculated in accordance with OSFI’s LAR guideline.
Normal course issuer bid (NCIB)
A program for the repurchase of our own shares for cancellation through a stock exchange that is subject to the various rules of the relevant stock exchange and securities commission.
Notional amount
The contract amount used as a reference point to calculate payments for derivatives.
Off-balance
sheet financial instruments
A variety of arrangements offered to clients, which include credit derivatives, written put options, backstop liquidity facilities, stable value products, financial standby letters of credit, performance guarantees, credit enhancements, mortgage loans sold with recourse, commitments to extend credit, securities lending, documentary and commercial letters of credit, sponsor member guarantees, securities lending indemnifications and indemnifications.
Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada (OSFI)
The primary regulator of federally chartered financial institutions and federally administered pension plans in Canada. OSFI’s mission is to safeguard policyholders, depositors and pension plan members from undue loss.
Operating leverage
The difference between our revenue growth rate and
non-interest
expense growth rate.
Options
A contract or a provision of a contract that gives one party (the option holder) the right, but not the obligation, to perform a specified transaction with another party (the option issuer or option writer) according to specified terms.
Provision for credit losses (PCL)
The amount charged to income necessary to bring the allowance for credit losses to a level determined appropriate by management. This includes provisions on performing and impaired financial assets.
PCL on loans ratio
PCL on loans ratio is calculated using PCL on loans as a percentage of average net loans and acceptances.
RBC Homeline Plan products
This is comprised of residential mortgages and secured personal loans whereby the borrower pledges real estate as collateral.
Reinsurance contracts held
Contracts under which we transfer significant insurance risk to a reinsurer that compensates us for claims relating to underlying insurance contracts issued by us and are accounted for separately from the underlying insurance contracts to which they relate.
Repurchase agreements
These involve the sale of securities for cash and the simultaneous repurchase of the securities for value at a later date. These transactions normally do not constitute economic sales and therefore are treated as collateralized financing transactions.
Return on common equity (ROE)
Net income available to common shareholders, expressed as a percentage of average common equity. Adjusted ROE is calculated in the same manner, using adjusted net income available to common shareholders.
Reverse repurchase agreements
These involve the purchase of securities for cash and the simultaneous sale of the securities for value at a later date. These transactions normally do not constitute economic sales and therefore are treated as collateralized financing transactions.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   51
 
Risk-weighted assets (RWA)
Assets adjusted by a regulatory risk-weight factor to reflect the riskiness of
on-
and
off-balance
sheet exposures. Certain assets are not risk-weighted, but deducted from capital. The calculation is defined by OSFI’s CAR guideline. For more details, refer to the Capital management section.
Securities lending
Transactions in which the owner of securities agrees to lend it under the terms of a prearranged contract to a borrower for a fee. Collateral for the loan consists of either high quality securities or cash and collateral value must be at least equal to the market value of the loaned securities. Borrowers pay a negotiated fee for loans collateralized by securities, whereas for cash collateral lenders pay borrowers interest at a negotiated rate and reinvest the cash collateral to earn a return. An intermediary such as a bank often acts as agent lender for the owner of the security in return for a share of the revenue earned by the owner from lending securities. Most often, agent lenders indemnify the owner against the risk of the borrower’s failure to redeliver the loaned securities – counterparty credit risk if a borrower defaults and market risk if the value of the
non-cash
collateral declines. The agent lender does not indemnify against the investment risk of
re-investing
cash collateral which is borne by the owner.
Securities sold short
A transaction in which the seller sells securities and then borrows the securities in order to deliver them to the purchaser upon settlement. At a later date, the seller buys identical securities in the market to replace the borrowed securities.
Securitization
The process by which various financial assets are packaged into newly issued securities backed by these assets.
Standardized Approach (SA) for credit risk
Risk weights prescribed by OSFI are used to calculate RWA for the credit risk exposures. Credit assessments by OSFI-recognized external credit rating agencies of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLP; Moody’s Investor Service, Inc.; Fitch Ratings, Inc.; and DBRS Limited are used to risk-weight our Sovereign and Bank exposures based on the standards and guidelines issued by OSFI.
Structured entities
A structured entity is an entity in which voting or similar rights are not the dominant factor in deciding who controls the entity, such as when the activities that significantly affect the entity’s returns are directed by means of contractual arrangements. Structured entities often have restricted activities, narrow and well defined objectives, insufficient equity to finance their activities, and financing in the form of multiple contractually-linked instruments.
Taxable equivalent basis (teb)
Income from certain specified tax advantaged sources (U.S. tax credit investment business as well as eligible Canadian taxable corporate dividends received on or before December 31, 2023) is increased to a level that would make it comparable to income from taxable sources. There is an offsetting adjustment in the tax provision, thereby generating the same
after-tax
net income.
Tier 1 capital and Tier 1 capital ratio
Tier 1 capital comprises predominantly of CET1 capital, with additional Tier 1 items such as preferred shares, limited recourse capital notes and
non-controlling
interests in subsidiaries Tier 1 instruments. The Tier 1 capital ratio is calculated in accordance with OSFI’s CAR guideline by dividing Tier 1 capital by risk-weighted assets.
Tier 2 capital
Tier 2 capital consists mainly of subordinated debentures that meet certain criteria, certain loan loss allowances and
non-controlling
interests in subsidiaries’ Tier 2 instruments.
Total loss absorbing capacity (TLAC)
The aggregate of Tier 1 capital, Tier 2 capital, and external TLAC instruments which allow conversion in whole or in part into common shares under the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation Act and meet all of the eligibility criteria under the guideline.
TLAC ratio
The risk-based TLAC ratio is defined as TLAC divided by total risk-weighted assets. The TLAC ratio is calculated in accordance with OSFI’s TLAC guideline.
TLAC leverage ratio
The TLAC leverage ratio is defined as TLAC divided by the leverage ratio exposure. The TLAC leverage ratio is calculated in accordance with OSFI’s TLAC guideline.
Total capital and total capital ratio
Total capital is defined as the total of Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital. The total capital ratio is calculated in accordance with OSFI’s CAR guideline by dividing total capital by risk-weighted assets.
Tranche
A security class created whereby the risks and returns associated with a pool of assets are packaged into several classes of securities offering different risk and return profiles from those of the underlying asset pool. Tranches are typically rated by ratings agencies, and reflect both the credit quality of underlying collateral as well as the level of protection based on the tranches’ relative subordination.
Unattributed capital
Unattributed capital represents common equity in excess of common equity attributed to our business segments and is reported in the Corporate Support segment.
Value-at-Risk
(VaR)
A generally accepted risk-measurement concept that uses statistical models based on historical information to estimate within a given level of confidence the maximum loss in market value we would experience in our financial portfolio from an adverse
one-day
movement in market rates and prices.

Table of Contents
52   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Enhanced Disclosure Task Force recommendations index
 
We aim to present transparent, high-quality risk disclosures by providing disclosures in our 2023 Annual Report, Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders (RTS), Supplementary Financial Information package (SFI), and Pillar 3 Report, in accordance with recommendations from the FSB’s Enhanced Disclosure Task Force (EDTF). Information within the SFI and Pillar 3 Report is not and should not be considered incorporated by reference into our Q3 2024 Report to Shareholders.
The following index summarizes our disclosure by EDTF recommendation:
 
            
Location of disclosure
Type of Risk
 
Recommendation
 
Disclosure
  
RTS
page
 
Annual
Report page
  
SFI
page
General
  1  
Table of contents for EDTF risk disclosure
   52   132    1
  2  
Define risk terminology and measures
    
65-70,

130-131
   –
  3  
Top and emerging risks
    
63-65
   –
  4  
New regulatory ratios
   41-44  
109-114
   –
 
Risk governance, risk management and business model
  5  
Risk management organization
    
65-70
   –
  6  
Risk culture
    
65-70
   –
  7  
Risk in the context of our business activities
     117    –
  8  
Stress testing
  
 
 
68-69,
81
   –
Capital adequacy and risk-weighted assets (RWA)
  9  
Minimum Basel III capital ratios and Domestic systemically important bank surcharge
   42  
109-114
   –
  10  
Composition of capital and reconciliation of the accounting balance sheet to the regulatory balance sheet
     –    *
  11  
Flow statement of the movements in regulatory capital
     –    19
  12  
Capital strategic planning
    
109-114
   –
  13  
RWA by business segments
     –    20
  14  
Analysis of capital requirement, and related measurement model information
    
71-74
   *
  15  
RWA credit risk and related risk measurements
     –    *
  16  
Movement of RWA by risk type
     –    20
  17  
Basel back-testing
  
 
  68,
71-73
   31
 
Liquidity
  18  
Quantitative and qualitative analysis of our liquidity reserve
   33  
88-89, 94-95
   –
Funding
  19  
Encumbered and unencumbered assets by balance sheet category, and contractual obligations for rating downgrades
   34, 36   90, 93    –
  20  
Maturity analysis of consolidated total assets, liabilities and
off-balance
sheet commitments analyzed by remaining contractual maturity at the balance sheet date
   40-41  
97-98
   –
  21  
Sources of funding and funding strategy
   34-36  
90-92
   –
Market risk
  22  
Relationship between the market risk measures for trading and
non-trading
portfolios and the balance sheet
   31-32  
85-86
   –
  23  
Decomposition of market risk factors
   29-30  
81-86
   –
  24  
Market risk validation and back-testing
     81    –
  25  
Primary risk management techniques beyond reported risk measures and parameters
  
 
 
81-84
   –
Credit risk
  26  
Bank’s credit risk profile
   25-29  
71-81, 178-185
  
21-31,*
   
Quantitative summary of aggregate credit risk exposures that reconciles to the balance sheet
   71-76  
124-129
   *
  27  
Policies for identifying impaired loans
    
73-75, 119, 149-151
   –
  28  
Reconciliation of the opening and closing balances of impaired loans and impairment allowances during the year
     –    23, 28
  29  
Quantification of gross notional exposure for
over-the-counter
derivatives or exchange-traded derivatives
     76    32
  30  
Credit risk mitigation, including collateral held for all sources of credit risk
  
 
 
74-75
   *
 
Other
  31  
Other risk types
    
100-109
   –
  32  
Publicly known risk events
  
 
 
104-105, 223-224
   –
 
*   These disclosure requirements are satisfied or partially satisfied by disclosures provided in our Pillar 3 Report for the quarter ended July 31, 2024 and for the year ended October 31, 2023.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   53
 
Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
 
 
Interim Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(unaudited)
 
 

     As at    
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
July 31
2024
   
October 31
2023
(Restated – Note 2)
 
Assets
   
Cash and due from banks
 
$
55,230
 
  $ 61,989  
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
 
 
 
 
57,409
 
 
 
   
 
71,086
 
 
 
Securities
   
Trading
 
 
180,441
 
    190,151  
Investment, net of applicable allowance
(Note 4)
 
 
250,744
 
    219,579  
   
 
431,185
 
    409,730  
Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed
 
 
 
 
325,401
 
 
 
   
 
340,191
 
 
 
Loans
(Note 5)
   
Retail
 
 
619,452
 
    569,951  
Wholesale
 
 
358,143
 
    287,826  
 
 
977,595
 
    857,777  
Allowance for loan losses
(Note 5)
 
 
(5,798
) 
    (5,004 ) 
   
 
971,797
 
    852,773  
Other
   
Customers’ liability under acceptances
 
 
677
 
    21,695  
Derivatives
 
 
115,659
 
    142,450  
Premises and equipment
 
 
6,943
 
    6,749  
Goodwill
 
 
19,125
 
    12,594  
Other intangibles
 
 
8,032
 
    5,903  
Other assets
 
 
84,649
 
    81,371  
   
 
235,085
 
    270,762  
Total assets
 
$
2,076,107
 
  $  2,006,531  
Liabilities and equity
   
Deposits
(Note 7)
   
Personal
 
$
510,542
 
  $ 441,946  
Business and government
 
 
809,380
 
    745,075  
Bank
 
 
41,343
 
    44,666  
   
 
1,361,265
 
    1,231,687  
Other
   
Acceptances
 
 
708
 
    21,745  
Obligations related to securities sold short
 
 
33,972
 
    33,651  
Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned
 
 
304,373
 
    335,238  
Derivatives
 
 
126,884
 
    142,629  
Insurance contract liabilities
(Note 8)
 
 
21,153
 
    19,026  
Other liabilities
 
 
89,823
 
    96,022  
   
 
576,913
 
    648,311  
Subordinated debentures
(Note 11)
 
 
 
 
13,437
 
 
 
   
 
11,386
 
 
 
Total liabilities
 
 
1,951,615
 
    1,891,384  
Equity attributable to shareholders
   
Preferred shares and other equity instruments
(Note 11)
 
 
9,492
 
    7,314  
Common shares
(Note 11)
 
 
20,786
 
    19,167  
Retained earnings
 
 
86,065
 
    81,715  
Other components of equity
 
 
8,048
 
    6,852  
 
 
124,391
 
    115,048  
Non-controlling interests
 
 
101
 
    99  
Total equity
 
 
124,492
 
    115,147  
Total liabilities and equity
 
$
2,076,107
 
  $ 2,006,531  
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents
54   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
(unaudited)
 
 

  
 
For the three months ended
 
 
  
 
 
For the nine months ended
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except per share amounts)
 
July 31
2024
 
 
July 31
2023
(Restated – Note 2)
 
 
  
 
 
July 31
2024
 
 
July 31
2023
(Restated – Note 2)
 
Interest and dividend income
(Note 3)
         
Loans
 
$
14,433
 
  $ 11,219      
$
39,635
 
  $ 31,600  
Securities
 
 
4,482
 
    3,751      
 
13,230
 
    9,932  
Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed
 
 
6,632
 
    6,063      
 
20,864
 
    15,736  
Deposits and other
 
 
1,543
 
    1,801            
 
4,724
 
    5,221  
   
 
27,090
 
    22,834            
 
78,453
 
    62,489  
Interest expense
(Note 3)
         
Deposits and other
 
 
12,432
 
    9,775      
 
35,225
 
    26,203  
Other liabilities
 
 
7,124
 
    6,599      
 
22,364
 
    17,218  
Subordinated debentures
 
 
207
 
    174            
 
582
 
    481  
   
 
19,763
 
    16,548            
 
58,171
 
    43,902  
Net interest income
 
 
7,327
 
    6,286            
 
20,282
 
    18,587  
Non-interest income
         
Insurance service result
(Note 8)
 
 
214
 
    149      
 
604
 
    566  
Insurance investment result
(Note 8)
 
 
28
 
    151      
 
228
 
    92  
Trading revenue
 
 
507
 
    485      
 
1,944
 
    1,984  
Investment management and custodial fees
 
 
2,382
 
    2,099      
 
6,824
 
    6,238  
Mutual fund revenue
 
 
1,151
 
    1,034      
 
3,248
 
    3,049  
Securities brokerage commissions
 
 
413
 
    362      
 
1,232
 
    1,100  
Service charges
 
 
587
 
    529      
 
1,698
 
    1,551  
Underwriting and other advisory fees
 
 
676
 
    472      
 
2,016
 
    1,442  
Foreign exchange revenue, other than trading
 
 
292
 
    289      
 
841
 
    1,044  
Card service revenue
 
 
324
 
    334      
 
941
 
    938  
Credit fees
 
 
405
 
    342      
 
1,234
 
    1,078  
Net gains on investment securities
 
 
28
 
    27      
 
157
 
    191  
Income (loss) from joint ventures and associates
 
 
(57
)
    (37 )     
 
(27
)
    4  
Other
 
 
354
 
    455            
 
1,048
 
    915  
   
 
7,304
 
    6,691            
 
21,988
 
    20,192  
Total revenue
 
 
 14,631
 
     12,977            
 
 42,270
 
     38,779  
Provision for credit losses
(Notes 4 and 5)
 
 
659
 
    616            
 
2,392
 
    1,748  
Non-interest expense
         
Human resources
(Note 9)
 
 
5,406
 
    4,764      
 
15,660
 
    14,187  
Equipment
 
 
629
 
    611      
 
1,863
 
    1,769  
Occupancy
 
 
443
 
    409      
 
1,291
 
    1,218  
Communications
 
 
342
 
    321      
 
1,021
 
    917  
Professional fees
 
 
547
 
    591      
 
1,868
 
    1,479  
Amortization of other intangibles
 
 
426
 
    369      
 
1,151
 
    1,114  
Other
 
 
806
 
    700            
 
2,377
 
    2,070  
   
 
8,599
 
    7,765            
 
25,231
 
    22,754  
Income before income taxes
 
 
5,373
 
    4,596      
 
14,647
 
    14,277  
Income taxes
 
 
887
 
    736            
 
2,629
 
    3,604  
Net income
 
$
4,486
 
  $ 3,860            
$
12,018
 
  $ 10,673  
Net income attributable to:
         
Shareholders
 
$
4,483
 
  $ 3,858      
$
12,011
 
  $ 10,668  
Non-controlling interests
 
 
3
 
    2            
 
7
 
    5  
   
$
4,486
 
  $ 3,860            
$
12,018
 
  $ 10,673  
Basic earnings per share
(in dollars) (Note 12)
 
$
3.09
 
  $ 2.73      
$
8.35
 
  $ 7.56  
Diluted earnings per share
(in dollars) (Note 12)
 
 
3.09
 
    2.73      
 
8.34
 
    7.55  
Dividends per common share
(in dollars)
 
 
1.42
 
    1.35            
 
4.18
 
    3.99  
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   55
 
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
(unaudited)
 
 

  
 
For the three months ended
 
 
  
 
For the nine months ended
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
July 31
2024
 
 
July 31
2023
(Restated – Note 2)
 
 
  
 
July 31
2024
 
 
July 31
2023
(Restated – Note 2)
 
Net income
 
$
4,486
 
  $ 3,860    
 
 
$
12,018
 
  $ 10,673  
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes
         
Items that will be reclassified subsequently to income:
         
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities and loans at fair value through other comprehensive income
         
Net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities and loans at fair value through other comprehensive income
 
 
243
 
    (85 )     
 
1,113
 
    527  
Provision for credit losses recognized in income
 
 
–
 
    (3 )     
 
–
 
    (3 ) 
Reclassification of net losses (gains) on debt securities and loans at fair value through other comprehensive income to income
 
 
(22
)
    (21 )   
 
 
 
(114
)
    (134 ) 
 
 
 
221
 
    (109 )   
 
 
 
999
 
    390  
Foreign currency translation adjustments
         
Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses)
 
 
548
 
    (1,878 )     
 
228
 
    (1,296 ) 
Net foreign currency translation gains (losses) from hedging activities
 
 
(253
)
    722      
 
(158
)
    175  
Reclassification of losses (gains) on foreign currency translation to income
 
 
–
 
    (160 )     
 
–
 
    (160 ) 
Reclassification of losses (gains) on net investment hedging activities to income
 
 
–
 
    146    
 
 
 
1
 
    146  
 
 
 
295
 
    (1,170 )   
 
 
 
71
 
    (1,135 ) 
Net change in cash flow hedges
         
Net gains (losses) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
 
 
359
 
    10      
 
50
 
    (581 ) 
Reclassification of losses (gains) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges to income
 
 
(271
)
    (7 )   
 
 
 
(580
)
    79  
 
 
 
88
 
    3    
 
 
 
(530
)
    (502 ) 
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to income:
         
Remeasurement gains (losses) on employee benefit plans (Note 9)
 
 
37
 
    147      
 
183
 
    (212 ) 
Net gains (losses) from fair value changes due to credit risk on financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss
 
 
(47
)
    (388 )     
 
(1,061
)
    (875 ) 
Net gains (losses) on equity securities designated at fair value through other comprehensive income
 
 
2
 
    –    
 
 
 
76
 
    18  
 
 
 
(8
)
    (241 )   
 
 
 
(802
)
    (1,069 ) 
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes
 
 
596
 
    (1,517 )   
 
 
 
(262
)
    (2,316 ) 
Total comprehensive income (loss)
 
$
5,082
 
  $ 2,343    
 
 
$
11,756
 
  $ 8,357  
Total comprehensive income attributable to:
         
Shareholders
 
$
5,079
 
  $ 2,344      
$
11,749
 
  $ 8,355  
Non-controlling interests
 
 
3
 
    (1 )   
 
 
 
7
 
    2  
 
 
$
      5,082
 
  $       2,343    
 
 
$
     11,756
 
  $       8,357  
The income tax effect on the Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income is shown in the table below.

 
  
 
For the three months ended
 
 
  
 
For the nine months ended
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
July 31
2024
 
 
July 31
2023
 
 
  
 
July 31
2024
 
 
July 31
2023
 
Income taxes on other comprehensive income
         
Net unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities and loans at fair value through other comprehensive income
 
$
       6
 
  $ (71 )    
$
       302
 
  $         120  
Provision for credit losses recognized in income
 
 
(3
)
    (1 )     
 
(3
) 
    –  
Reclassification of net losses (gains) on debt securities and loans at fair value through other comprehensive income to income
 
 
(3
)
    (8 )     
 
(31
)
    (38 ) 
Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses)
 
 
(1
)
    (1 )     
 
(11
)
    –  
Net foreign currency translation gains (losses) from hedging activities
 
 
(96
)
            267      
 
(63
)
    203  
Reclassification of losses (gains) on net investment hedging activities to income
 
 
–
 
    45      
 
–
 
    45  
Net gains (losses) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
 
 
117
 
    10      
 
(8
)
    (130 ) 
Reclassification of losses (gains) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges to income
 
 
(102
)
    (2 )     
 
(217
)
    32  
Remeasurement gains (losses) on employee benefit plans
 
 
19
 
    55      
 
71
 
    (17 ) 
Net gains (losses) from fair value changes due to credit risk on financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss
 
 
(18
)
    (150 )     
 
(408
)
    (337 ) 
Net gains (losses) on equity securities designated at fair value through other comprehensive income
 
 
1
 
    (1 )   
 
 
 
28
 
    14  
Total income tax expenses (recoveries)
 
$
(80
)
  $ 143    
 
 
$
(340
)
  $ (108 ) 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents
56   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
(unaudited)
 
 

    
For the three months ended July 31, 2024
 
                                 
Other components of equity
                   
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
Preferred
shares and
other equity
instruments
   
Common
shares
   
Treasury –
preferred
shares and
other equity
instruments
   
Treasury –
common
shares
   
Retained
earnings
   
FVOCI
securities
and loans
   
Foreign
currency
translation
   
Cash flow
hedges
   
Total other
components
of equity
   
Equity
attributable to
shareholders
   
Non-controlling
interests
   
Total
equity
 
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
   9,420
 
 
$
 20,918
 
 
$
   19
 
 
$
   (71
) 
 
$
 83,774
 
 
$
 (1,082
) 
 
$
  6,388
 
 
$
 2,138
 
 
$
   7,444
 
 
$
 121,504
 
 
$
     100
 
 
$
 121,604
 
Changes in equity
                       
Issues of share capital and other equity instruments
 
 
600
 
 
 
66
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(4
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
662
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
662
 
Common shares purchased for cancellation
 
 
–
 
 
 
(7
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(66
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(73
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(73
) 
Redemption of preferred shares and other equity instruments
 
 
(500
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(500
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(500
) 
Sales of treasury shares and other equity instruments
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
550
 
 
 
1,609
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,159
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,159
 
Purchases of treasury shares and other equity instruments
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(597
) 
 
 
(1,729
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(2,326
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(2,326
) 
Share-based compensation awards
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(2
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(2
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(2
) 
Dividends on common shares
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(2,009
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(2,009
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(2,009
) 
Dividends on preferred shares and distributions on other equity instruments
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(106
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(106
) 
 
 
(2
) 
 
 
(108
) 
Other
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
3
 
Net income
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
4,483
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
4,483
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
4,486
 
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(8
) 
 
 
221
 
 
 
295
 
 
 
88
 
 
 
604
 
 
 
596
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
596
 
Balance at end of period
 
$
9,520
 
 
$
20,977
 
 
$
(28
) 
 
$
(191
) 
 
$
86,065
 
 
$
(861
) 
 
$
6,683
 
 
$
2,226
 
 
$
8,048
 
 
$
124,391
 
 
$
101
 
 
$
124,492
 
                       
     For the three months ended July 31, 2023 (Restated – Note 2)  
                                  Other components of equity                    
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
  Preferred
shares and
other equity
instruments
    Common
shares
    Treasury –
preferred
shares and
other equity
instruments
    Treasury –
common
shares
    Retained
earnings
   
FVOCI
securities
and loans
    Foreign
currency
translation
    Cash flow
hedges
    Total other
components
of equity
    Equity
attributable to
shareholders
   
Non-controlling
interests
   
Total
equity
 
Balance at beginning of period
  $ 7,323     $ 17,984     $ (4 )    $ (127 )    $ 77,917     $ (1,858 )    $ 5,723     $ 1,889     $ 5,754     $ 108,847     $ 98     $ 108,945  
Changes in equity
                       
Issues of share capital and other equity instruments
    –       686       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       686       –       686  
Common shares purchased for cancellation
    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –  
Redemption of preferred shares and other equity instruments
    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –  
Sales of treasury shares and other equity instruments
    –       –       72       883       –       –       –       –       –       955       –       955  
Purchases of treasury shares and other equity instruments
    –       –       (61 )      (914 )      –       –       –       –       –       (975 )      –       (975 ) 
Share-based compensation awards
    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –  
Dividends on common shares
    –       –       –       –       (1,885 )      –       –       –       –       (1,885 )      –       (1,885 ) 
Dividends on preferred shares and distributions on other equity instruments
    –       –       –       –       (58 )      –       –       –       –       (58 )      (2 )      (60 ) 
Other
    –       –       –       –       (1 )      –       –       –       –       (1 )      –       (1 ) 
Net income
    –       –       –       –       3,858       –       –       –       –       3,858       2       3,860  
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes
    –       –       –       –       (241 )      (109 )      (1,167 )      3       (1,273 )      (1,514 )      (3 )      (1,517 ) 
Restated balance at end of period
  $ 7,323     $ 18,670     $ 7     $ (158 )    $ 79,590     $ (1,967 )    $ 4,556     $ 1,892     $ 4,481     $ 109,913     $ 95     $ 110,008  
                       

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   57
 

    
For the nine months ended July 31, 2024
 
                                 
Other components of equity
                   
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
Preferred
shares and
other equity
instruments
   
Common
shares
   
Treasury –
preferred
shares and
other equity
instruments
   
Treasury –
common
shares
   
Retained
earnings
   
FVOCI
securities
and loans
   
Foreign
currency
translation
   
Cash flow
hedges
   
Total other
components
of equity
   
Equity
attributable to
shareholders
   
Non-controlling
interests
   
Total
equity
 
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
   7,323
 
 
$
 19,398
 
 
$
(9
) 
 
$
(231
) 
 
$
81,715
 
 
$
(2,516
) 
 
$
6,612
 
 
$
2,756
 
 
$
6,852
 
 
$
115,048
 
 
$
99
 
 
$
115,147
 
Transition adjustment
(Note 2)
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(656
) 
 
 
656
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
656
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
Restated balance at beginning of period
 
$
7,323
 
 
$
19,398
 
 
$
(9
) 
 
$
(231
) 
 
$
81,059
 
 
$
(1,860
) 
 
$
6,612
 
 
$
2,756
 
 
$
7,508
 
 
$
115,048
 
 
$
99
 
 
$
115,147
 
Changes in equity
                       
Issues of share capital and other equity instruments
 
 
2,720
 
 
 
1,586
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(18
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
4,288
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
4,288
 
Common shares purchased for cancellation
 
 
–
 
 
 
(7
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(66
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(73
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(73
) 
Redemption of preferred shares and other equity instruments
 
 
(523
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(521
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(521
) 
Sales of treasury shares and other equity instruments
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,067
 
 
 
3,948
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
5,015
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
5,015
 
Purchases of treasury shares and other equity instruments
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(1,086
) 
 
 
(3,908
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(4,994
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(4,994
) 
Share-based compensation awards
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
6
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
6
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
6
 
Dividends on common shares
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(5,906
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(5,906
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(5,906
) 
Dividends on preferred shares and distributions on other equity instruments
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(231
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(231
) 
 
 
(5
) 
 
 
(236
) 
Other
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
10
 
Net income
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
12,011
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
12,011
 
 
 
7
 
 
 
12,018
 
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(802
) 
 
 
999
 
 
 
71
 
 
 
(530
) 
 
 
540
 
 
 
(262
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(262
) 
Balance at end of period
 
$
9,520
 
 
$
20,977
 
 
$
   (28)
 
 
$
   (191
) 
 
$
 86,065
 
 
$
 (861
) 
 
$
  6,683
 
 
$
 2,226
 
 
$
   8,048
 
 
$
 124,391
 
 
$
     101
 
 
$
 124,492
 
                       
     For the nine months ended July 31, 2023 (Restated – Note 2)  
                                  Other components of equity                    
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
  Preferred
shares and
other equity
instruments
    Common
shares
    Treasury –
preferred
shares and
other equity
instruments
   
Treasury –
common
shares
    Retained
earnings
    FVOCI
securities
and loans
    Foreign
currency
translation
    Cash flow
hedges
    Total other
components
of equity
    Equity
attributable to
shareholders
    Non-controlling
interests
   
Total
equity
 
Balance at beginning of period
  $ 7,323     $ 17,318     $ (5 )    $ (334 )    $ 78,037     $ (2,357 )    $ 5,688     $ 2,394     $ 5,725     $ 108,064     $ 111     $ 108,175  
Transition adjustment
(Note 2)
    –       –       –       –       (2,359 )      –       –       –       –       (2,359 )      –       (2,359 ) 
Restated balance at beginning of period
  $ 7,323     $ 17,318     $ (5 )    $ (334 )    $ 75,678     $ (2,357 )    $ 5,688     $ 2,394     $ 5,725     $ 105,705     $ 111     $ 105,816  
Changes in equity
                       
Issues of share capital and other equity instruments
    –       1,352       –       –       1       –       –       –       –       1,353       –       1,353  
Common shares purchased for cancellation
    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –  
Redemption of preferred shares and other equity instruments
    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –  
Sales of treasury shares and other equity instruments
    –       –       461       2,960       –       –       –       –       –       3,421       –       3,421  
Purchases of treasury shares and other equity instruments
    –       –       (449 )      (2,784 )      –       –       –       –       –       (3,233 )      –       (3,233 ) 
Share-based compensation awards
    –       –       –       –       4       –       –       –       –       4       –       4  
Dividends on common shares
    –       –       –       –       (5,550 )      –       –       –       –       (5,550 )      –       (5,550 ) 
Dividends on preferred shares and distributions on other equity instruments
    –       –       –       –       (169 )      –       –       –       –       (169 )      (18 )      (187 ) 
Other
    –       –       –       –       27       –       –       –       –       27       –       27  
Net income
    –       –       –       –       10,668       –       –       –       –       10,668       5       10,673  
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes
    –       –       –       –       (1,069 )      390       (1,132 )      (502 )      (1,244 )      (2,313 )      (3 )      (2,316 ) 
Restated balance at end of period
  $ 7,323     $ 18,670     $ 7     $ (158 )    $ 79,590     $ (1,967 )    $ 4,556     $ 1,892     $ 4,481     $ 109,913     $ 95     $ 110,008  
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents
58   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited)
 
 
  
 
For the three months ended
 
 
  
 
For the nine months ended
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
July 31
2024
 
 
July 31
2023
(Restated – Note 2)
 
 
  
 
July 31
2024
 
 
July 31
2023
(Restated – Note 2)
 
Cash flows from operating activities
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
     4,486
 
 
$
      3,860
 
 
 
$
     12,018
 
 
$
     10,673
 
Adjustments for non-cash items and others
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
 
 
659
 
 
 
616
 
 
 
 
2,392
 
 
 
1,748
 
Depreciation
 
 
333
 
 
 
324
 
 
 
 
991
 
 
 
952
 
Deferred income taxes
 
 
(776
) 
 
 
166
 
 
 
 
(1,628
) 
 
 
(191
) 
Amortization and impairment of other intangibles
 
 
430
 
 
 
383
 
 
 
 
1,169
 
 
 
1,151
 
Net changes in investments in joint ventures and associates
 
 
57
 
 
 
37
 
 
 
 
27
 
 
 
(3
) 
Losses (Gains) on investment securities
 
 
(28
)
 
 
(27
) 
 
 
 
(157
)
 
 
(191
) 
Losses (Gains) on disposition of businesses
 
 
34

 
 
 
(92
) 
 
 
 
29
 
 
(92
) 
Adjustments for net changes in operating assets and liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
Insurance contract liabilities
 
 
(46
) 
 
 
532
 
 
 
 
2,127
 
 
 
1,958
 
Net change in accrued interest receivable and payable
 
 
(832
) 
 
 
(167
) 
 
 
 
757
 
 
 
1,786
 
Current income taxes
 
 
780
 
 
 
(749
) 
 
 
 
665
 
 
 
(180
) 
Derivative assets
 
 
14,540
 
 
 
8,235
 
 
 
 
30,156
 
 
 
38,362
 
Derivative liabilities
 
 
(9,684
) 
 
 
(6,654
) 
 
 
 
(19,286
) 
 
 
(35,837
) 
Trading securities
 
 
(6,875
) 
 
 
(40,396
) 
 
 
 
11,745
 
 
 
(28,398
) 
Loans, net of securitizations
 
 
(11,341
) 
 
 
(4,690
) 
 
 
 
(45,057
) 
 
 
(17,120
) 
Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed
 
 
(23,604
) 
 
 
(11,912
) 
 
 
 
15,234
 
 
 
(29,306
) 
Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned
 
 
24,652
 
 
 
42,907
 
 
 
 
(36,529
) 
 
 
60,518
 
Obligations related to securities sold short
 
 
2,485
 
 
 
605
 
 
 
 
(587
) 
 
 
1,142
 
Deposits, net of securitizations
 
 
33,662
 
 
 
5,618
 
 
 
 
43,352
 
 
 
27,974
 
Brokers and dealers receivable and payable
 
 
(865
) 
 
 
1,127
 
 
 
 
(857
) 
 
 
(1,877
) 
Other
 
 
(4,848
)
 
 
 
9,313
 
 
 
 
 
(10,588
)
 
 
4,132
 
Net cash from (used in) operating activities
 
 
23,219
 
 
 
9,036
 
 
 
 
 
5,973
 
 
 
37,201
 
Cash flows from investing activities
 
 
 
 
 
Change in interest-bearing deposits with banks
 
 
(18,950
) 
 
 
(5,770
) 
 
 
 
13,677
 
 
 
2,179
 
Proceeds from sales and maturities of investment securities
 
 
38,794
 
 
 
39,464
 
 
 
 
147,325
 
 
 
116,661
 
Purchases of investment securities
 
 
(46,838
) 
 
 
(56,943
) 
 
 
 
(154,558
) 
 
 
(145,776
) 
Net acquisitions of premises and equipment and other intangibles
 
 
(717
) 
 
 
(557
) 
 
 
 
(1,609
) 
 
 
(1,961
) 
Net proceeds from (cash transferred for) dispositions
 
 
5

 
 
 
1,712
 
 
 
 
15
 
 
 
1,712
 
Cash used in acquisitions, net of cash acquired
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
(12,716
) 
 
 
–
 
Net cash from (used in) investing activities
 
 
(27,706
)
 
 
(22,094
) 
 
 
 
 
(7,866
)
 
 
(27,185
) 
Cash flows from financing activities
 
 
 
 
 
Issuance of subordinated debentures
 
 
1,250
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
3,250
 
 
 
1,500
 
Repayment of subordinated debentures
 
 
(1,500
)
 
 
(110
) 
 
 
 
(1,500
)

 
 
(170
) 
Issue of common shares, net of issuance costs
 
 
63
 
 
 
16
 
 
 
 
119
 
 
 
58
 
Common shares purchased for cancellation
 
 
(73
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
(73
) 
 
 
–
 
Issue of preferred shares and other equity instruments, net of issuance costs
 
 
596
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
2,702
 
 
 
–
 
Redemption of preferred shares and other equity instruments
 
 
(500
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
(521
) 
 
 
–
 
Sales of treasury shares and other equity instruments
 
 
2,159
 
 
 
955
 
 
 
 
5,015
 
 
 
3,421
 
Purchases of treasury shares and other equity instruments
 
 
(2,326
) 
 
 
(975
) 
 
 
 
(4,994
) 
 
 
(3,233
) 
Dividends paid on shares and distributions paid on other equity instruments
 
 
(2,020
) 
 
 
(1,234
) 
 
 
 
(4,522
) 
 
 
(4,327
) 
Dividends/distributions paid to non-controlling interests
 
 
(2
) 
 
 
(2
) 
 
 
 
(5
) 
 
 
(18
) 
Change in short-term borrowings of subsidiaries
 
 
(688
) 
 
 
(2,758
) 
 
 
 
(4,507
) 
 
 
(376
) 
Repayment of lease liabilities
 
 
135
 
 
 
(167
) 
 
 
 
 
(175
) 
 
 
(496
) 
Net cash from (used in) financing activities
 
 
(2,906
) 
 
 
(4,275
) 
 
 
 
 
(5,211
)
 
 
(3,641
) 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and due from banks
 
 
1,250
 
 
 
(1,508
) 
 
 
 
 
345
 
 
 
1,586
 
Net change in cash and due from banks
 
 
(6,143
)

 
 
(18,841
) 
 
 
 
(6,759
)
 
 
7,961
 
Cash and due from banks at beginning of period
(1)
 
 
61,373
 
 
 
99,199
 
 
 
 
 
61,989
 
 
 
72,397
 
Cash and due from banks at end of period
(1)
 
$
55,230
 
 
$
80,358
 
 
 
 
$
55,230
 
 
$
80,358
 
Cash flows from operating activities include:
 
 
 
 
 
Amount of interest paid
 
$
20,372
 
 
$
16,014
 
 
 
$
56,080
 
 
$
39,041
 
Amount of interest received
 
 
26,499
 
 
 
21,557
 
 
 
 
76,379
 
 
 
58,239
 
Amount of dividends received
 
 
815
 
 
 
921
 
 
 
 
2,671
 
 
 
2,542
 
Amount of income taxes paid
 
 
767
 
 
 
1,470
 
 
 
 
 
2,843
 
 
 
3,878
 
(1)   We are required to maintain balances due to regulatory requirements or contractual restrictions from central banks, other regulatory authorities, and other counterparties. The total balances were $2 billion as at July 31, 2024 (April 30, 2024 – $2 billion; October 31, 2023 – $3 billion; July 31, 2023 – $2 billion; October 31, 2022 – $2 billion).
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   59
 
Note 1 General information
 
Our unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Condensed Financial Statements) are presented in compliance with International Accounting Standard (IAS) 34
Interim Financial Reporting
. The Condensed Financial Statements do not include all the information and disclosures required in the annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with our audited 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes included on pages 140 to 234 in our 2023 Annual Report. Unless otherwise stated, monetary amounts are stated in Canadian dollars. Tabular information is stated in millions of dollars, except as noted. On August 27, 2024, the Board of Directors authorized the Condensed Financial Statements for issue.
 
Note 2 Summary of significant accounting policies, estimates and judgments
 
Except as indicated below, the Condensed Financial Statements have been prepared using the same accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of our audited 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements. Our significant accounting policies and future changes in accounting policies and disclosures that are not yet effective for us are described in Note 2 of our audited 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements and updates are provided below.
Changes in accounting policies
During the first quarter of 2024, we adopted IFRS 17
Insurance Contracts
(IFRS 17), replacing IFRS 4
Insurance Contracts
(IFRS 4). Our updated accounting policies for insurance and reinsurance contracts are described below. We have applied IFRS 17 retrospectively and restated comparative period results beginning November 1, 2022, where applicable. Adjustments to the carrying amounts of insurance and reinsurance contracts at the transition date of November 1, 2022 were recognized in Retained earnings.
As permitted by the transition provisions of IFRS 17, we reclassified certain financial assets between fair value classification categories at the date of initial application of IFRS 17 as described below. The reclassifications resulted in no adjustments to carrying amounts of financial assets as at November 1, 2023. Retained earnings and Other components of equity as at November 1, 2023 were adjusted as a result with no net impact to total equity. We elected not to restate comparative period results for these changes and accordingly, comparative period information for the impacted financial assets prior to November 1, 2023 is presented in accordance with our previous classifications.
Insurance and reinsurance contracts
Contracts under which we accept significant insurance risk from a policyholder by agreeing to compensate the policyholder if a specified uncertain future event adversely affects the policyholder are insurance contracts, which includes reinsurance contracts issued. Contracts under which we transfer significant insurance risk to a reinsurer that compensates us for claims relating to underlying insurance contracts issued by us are reinsurance contracts held, and are accounted for separately from the underlying insurance contracts to which they relate. Embedded derivatives, investment components and promises to provide
non-insurance
services are separated from the insurance or reinsurance contract provided specific criteria are met. Insurance and reinsurance contracts are aggregated into portfolios that are subject to similar risks and are managed together, and then divided into groups based on the period of issuance and expected profitability. Groups are separately recognized and measured using one of three measurement models depending on the characteristics of the contracts:
•  
For insurance contracts with direct participating features (applicable primarily to our segregated fund insurance contracts), the variable fee approach (VFA) is applied.
•  
For insurance contracts and reinsurance contracts held with a short duration of one year or less (applicable primarily to our creditor reinsurance contracts issued, group life and health insurance contracts and travel insurance contracts), the premium allocation approach (PAA) is applied.
•  
The general measurement method (GMM) is applied to all remaining contracts.
Under the GMM and VFA, the carrying amount of a group of insurance or reinsurance contracts is measured as the sum of the fulfilment cash flows and the contractual service margin (CSM). The carrying amount is also the sum of the balance for remaining coverage and the balance for incurred claims. The balance for remaining coverage comprises the fulfilment cash flows that relate to services that will be provided under the contracts in future periods and any remaining CSM at that date. The balance for incurred claims includes the fulfilment cash flows for incurred claims and expenses that have not yet been paid, including claims that have been incurred but not yet reported. The fulfilment cash flows consist of the present value of future cash flows and a risk adjustment for
non-financial
risk, discounted using the current rates as at the reporting date determined using the discount rate methodology below. The estimates of future cash flows consider probability-weighted scenarios and include all future cash flows that are within the contract boundary. The risk adjustment for
non-financial
risk is estimated using the margin approach and represents the compensation that we require for bearing the uncertainty about the amount and timing of cash flows that arise from
non-financial
risk as the insurance contract is fulfilled. The measurement of the groups of contracts requires the use of judgment in setting methodologies and assumptions for mortality, morbidity, policy lapses and other policyholder behaviour, policy dividends and directly attributable expenses, including acquisition costs allocated using a systematic and rational method. Changes to the underlying assumptions and estimates may have a significant effect on
Non-interest
income – Insurance service result and Insurance investment result. Subsequent changes in fulfilment cash flows related to future services adjust the CSM, unless the group is onerous in which case such changes are recognized in
Non-interest
income – Insurance service result along with changes related to past or current services.

60   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Note 2 Summary of significant accounting policies, estimates and judgments
(continued)
 
 
Discount rates used reflect the time value of money and are based on the characteristics of the insurance and reinsurance contracts. Cash flows that vary based on the returns on underlying items are discounted at rates reflecting that variability. For cash flows that do not vary based on the returns on underlying items, we predominantly apply the
top-down
approach in determining discount rates. Under this approach, the discount rates for the observable periods are determined using yield curves implied from a reference portfolio of assets adjusted to eliminate factors (credit and market risk of the financial assets) that are not relevant to the insurance contracts. For unobservable periods, the discount rates are interpolated using the last observable point and the ultimate discount rate, composed of a risk-free rate and illiquidity premium. For a selected portfolio, the
bottom-up
approach is applied in determining the discount rate, which uses a risk-free rate plus an illiquidity premium to reflect the characteristics of the contracts. Management judgment is required in estimating the market and credit risk factors and illiquidity premiums in determining the discount rates.

For insurance contracts, the CSM represents the unearned profit (net inflows) for providing insurance coverage. If there is a net outflow at the initial recognition of the group, the group is onerous and the net outflow is recognized in
Non-interest
income – Insurance service result immediately. For reinsurance contracts held, the CSM represents the net cost or net gain of purchasing reinsurance. The CSM for insurance and reinsurance contacts are released into income based on coverage units, which represent the quantity of service (insurance coverage as well as investment-return and investment-related services) provided by a group of contracts and are determined by considering the quantity of benefits provided under each contract and the expected coverage duration. Under the GMM, the CSM is adjusted for interest accretion using the discount rates that were
locked-in
at initial recognition of the groups or the discount rates that were
locked-in
at the transition date for groups where the fair value approach was applied. Under the VFA, the CSM is adjusted for changes in the amount of our share of the fair value of the underlying items, while the changes to the fair value of the underlying items, reflecting changes in the obligation to pay the policyholder, are recognized in
Non-interest
income – Insurance investment result.
Under the PAA, the liability for remaining coverage for each group is measured as the premiums received less insurance revenue recognized for services provided, while the liability for incurred claims is measured as the fulfillment cash flows for incurred claims.
Losses from the recognition of onerous groups of insurance contracts, regardless of the measurement model applied, are recognized in
Non-interest
income – Insurance service result immediately. Any losses recognized relating to future service can be reversed in subsequent periods if the group of contracts is no longer onerous.
The insurance and reinsurance contract balances are remeasured at the end of each reporting period. We have elected to update the accounting estimates made in the previous interim period when remeasuring the insurance and reinsurance contracts in subsequent interim and annual reporting periods.
An insurance or reinsurance contract is derecognized when it is extinguished or modified such that the modification results in a change in the measurement model, a substantially different contract boundary or a change in the scope of the applicable standard for measuring a component of the contract.
Insurance service result comprises Insurance revenue less Insurance service expense and Net income (expense) from reinsurance contracts held.
•  
Insurance revenue is recognized as we provide insurance contract services under the groups of insurance contracts. For contracts measured using the PAA, the insurance revenue is generally recognized based on allocating expected premium receipts over the passage of time. For contracts measured using the GMM and VFA, insurance revenue represents the amount of consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for services in the period, which includes expected claims and expenses directly attributable to fulfilling insurance contracts (excluding any investment components), release of the risk adjustment for the period, CSM amortization to reflect services provided in the period, an allocation of premiums that relates to recovering insurance acquisition expenses and experience adjustments for premium receipts relating to current or past services.
•  
Insurance service expense arising from insurance contracts include
s
incurred claims and other directly attributable expenses in the current period (excluding investment components), amortization and impairment losses relating to insurance acquisition cash flows where applicable, changes relating to past or current services and changes in loss components of onerous groups of contracts.
•  
Net income (expense) from reinsurance contracts held represents the amounts recovered from the reinsurers less the allocation of premiums paid on reinsurance contracts held.
Insurance investment result comprises Net investment income, Net insurance finance income (expense) and Net reinsurance finance income (expense) from reinsurance contracts held.
•  
Net investment income primarily comprises interest and dividend income and net gains (losses) on financial assets, including segregated fund assets, and derivatives relating to the Insurance segment. Financial assets supporting the Insurance segment are primarily measured at FVTPL and FVOCI.
•  
Insurance and reinsurance finance income (expense) represents the net effect of and changes in the time value of money (including the time value of money relating to risk adjustment on
non-financial
risks) and financial risks on insurance contracts and reinsurance contracts held respectively.

Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   61
 
Impact of IFRS 17 transition excluding the impact of reclassifications of financial assets
Upon the adoption of IFRS 17, we applied IFRS 17 retrospectively by adjusting our Consolidated Balance Sheets as at November 1, 2022 and restating the comparative information for the year ended October 31, 2023. The full retrospective approach was applied for all insurance and reinsurance contracts unless it was impracticable to do so. The full retrospective approach was applied to all contracts measured using the PAA and all new contracts issued on and after November 1, 2022 measured using the GMM and VFA as if IFRS 17 had always been applied. Due to data availability and the inability to use hindsight, the fair value approach was applied to contracts issued before November 1, 2022 that were measured under the GMM and VFA. Under the fair value approach, each portfolio comprises only one group, and the CSM was calculated as the difference between the fair value of a group of contracts and the fulfilment cash flows using reasonable and supportable information available at the transition date. To determine the fair value of a group of contracts, the requirements of IFRS 13
Fair Value Measurement
were applied based on the present value of expected future cash flows within the contract boundary using assumptions adjusted for market participants’ views, and includes a profit margin beyond the risk adjustment for
non-financial
risk to reflect what a market participant would require for accepting such contract obligations. The fulfilment cash flows and discount rates were determined as at the transition using the policies applicable to new business described above.
The adoption of IFRS 17 resulted in a reduction in Retained earnings of $2.4 billion, net of taxes, as at November 1, 2022. This is attributable to the establishment of the CSM and other remeasurement changes to insurance and reinsurance contracts and related tax effects. The CSM of all insurance contracts net of reinsurance contracts held as at November 1, 2022 was $1.8 billion. The following details the selected balances and totals impacted on our Consolidated Balance Sheets as at November 1, 2022:
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)   As at November 1, 2022
before transition
    Transition
adjustments
    As at November 1, 2022
after transition
 
Assets
     
Segregated fund net assets
(1)
  $ 2,638     $ (2,638 )    $ –  
Other
     
Other assets
(2)
    80,300       4,261       84,561  
Total assets
  $ 1,917,219     $ 1,623     $ 1,918,842  
Liabilities
     
Segregated fund net liabilities
(3)
  $ 2,638     $ (2,638 )    $ –  
Other
     
Insurance claims and policy benefit liabilities
(4)
    11,511       (11,511 )      –  
Insurance contract liabilities
(4)
    –       18,226       18,226  
Other liabilities
(5)
    95,235       (95 )      95,140  
Total liabilities
  $ 1,809,044     $ 3,982     $ 1,813,026  
Total equity
    108,175       (2,359 )      105,816  
Total liabilities and equity
  $  1,917,219     $    1,623     $  1,918,842  
 
(1)   Segregated fund net assets are now presented within Other assets.
(2)   The increase is primarily attributable to the inclusion of segregated fund net assets, the increase in insurance contract assets, reinsurance contract held assets and the tax effects of the IFRS 17 transition adjustment.
(3)   Segregated fund insurance contracts are now presented within Insurance contract liabilities.
(4)   Insurance claims and policy benefit liabilities measured under IFRS 4 is replaced with Insurance contract liabilities measured under IFRS 17. The increase in these balances is attributable to presentation changes and remeasurement impacts including the establishment of the CSM for
in-force
contracts at transition.
(5)   Certain liabilities that were previously presented in Other liabilities are now included in the measurement of insurance contracts or reinsurance contracts held.
Impact of reclassifications of financial assets from IFRS 17 transition
As permitted by IFRS 17, we reclassified certain eligible financial assets held in respect of activities that relate to insurance contracts upon the adoption of IFRS 17. The changes were primarily a result of changes to the business models based on facts and circumstances that existed as at November 1, 2023, the date of the initial application of IFRS 17. We have applied these changes retrospectively by adjusting our Consolidated Balance Sheet as at November 1, 2023 with no restatement of comparative information. The following were reclassified as at November 1, 2023:
  •  
$8.3 billion of securities and $2.0 billion of loans from designated as FVTPL to classified as FVTPL;
  •  
$0.5 billion of securities and $0.3 billion of loans from designated as FVTPL to classified as FVOCI;
  •  
$1.7 billion of securities from classified as FVOCI to classified as FVTPL; and
  •  
$0.3 billion of securities from classified as FVTPL to designated as FVOCI.
The impacts of the reclassifications resulted in an increase in Other components of equity by $656 million, net of taxes, and a decrease in Retained earnings by the same amount, with no net impact to our total equity nor the carrying amounts of those assets.
Future changes in accounting policies and disclosures
IFRS 18
Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements
(IFRS 18)
In April 2024, the IASB issued IFRS 18 which sets out requirements for the presentation and disclosure of information in the financial statements. IFRS 18 will replace IAS 1
Presentation of Financial Statements
and accompanies limited amendments to other standards which will be effective upon the adoption of the new standard. The standard introduces new defined subtotals to be presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income, disclosure of management-defined performance measures and requirements for grouping of information. This standard will be effective for us on November 1, 2027. We are currently assessing the impact of adopting this standard on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

62   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Note 2 Summary of significant accounting policies, estimates and judgments
(continued)
 
 
Amendments to the Classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments
In May 2024, the IASB issued
Amendments to the Classification and Measurement of Financial Instruments
which amends IFRS 9
Financial Instruments
and IFRS 7
Financial Instruments: Disclosures
(the Amendments). The Amendments clarify classification guidance for financial assets with environmental, social and governance-linked features and introduce additional related disclosure requirements. The Amendments will be effective for us on November 1, 2026. We are currently assessing the impact of adopting the Amendments on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Updates related to interest rate benchmark reform
As part of the interest rate benchmark reform, the publication of all remaining Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (CDOR) settings ceased on June 28, 2024 and relatedly, we have ceased Bankers’ Acceptance-based lending. As at July 31, 2024, and consistent with our transition plan, our exposure to financial instruments referencing CDOR and interest rates substantially similar to CDOR are no longer material to our Condensed Financial Statements.
 
Note 3 Fair value of financial instruments
 
Carrying value and fair value of financial instruments
The following tables provide a comparison of the carrying values and fair values for financial instruments classified or designated as fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) and fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI), and financial instruments measured at amortized cost. Embedded derivatives are presented on a combined basis with the host contracts. Refer to Note 2 and Note 3 of our audited 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the valuation techniques and inputs used in the fair value measurement of our financial instruments. There have been no significant changes to our determination of fair value during the quarter.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
As at July 31, 2024
 
 
 
Carrying value and fair value
 
 
 
 
Carrying value
 
 
 
 
Fair value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
Financial
instruments
classified as
FVTPL
 
 
Financial
instruments
designated as
FVTPL
 
 
Financial
instruments
classified as
FVOCI
 
 
Financial
instruments
designated as
FVOCI
 
 
  
 
Financial
instruments
measured at
amortized cost
 
 
  
 
Financial
instruments
measured at
amortized cost
 
 
Total carrying
amount
 
 
Total fair value
 
Financial assets
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
 
$
–
 
 
$
48,443
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
 
 
$
8,966
 
 
 
 
$
8,966
 
 
$
57,409
 
 
$
57,409
 
Securities
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
Trading
 
 
 179,354
 
 
 
1,087
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
180,441
 
 
 
180,441
 
Investment, net of applicable allowance
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
150,499
 
 
 
1,178
 
 
 
 
 
99,067
 
 
 
 
 
95,027
 
 
 
250,744
 
 
 
246,704
 
 
 
 
179,354
 
 
 
1,087
 
 
 
150,499
 
 
 
1,178
 
 
 
 
 
99,067
 
 
 
 
 
95,027
 
 
 
431,185
 
 
 
427,145
 
Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed
 
 
264,532
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
60,869
 
 
 
 
 
60,869
 
 
 
325,401
 
 
 
325,401
 
Loans, net of applicable allowance
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
Retail
 
 
638
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
540
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
615,043
 
 
 
 
 
608,916
 
 
 
616,221
 
 
 
610,094
 
Wholesale
 
 
8,908
 
 
 
2,312
 
 
 
991
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
343,365
 
 
 
 
 
338,324
 
 
 
355,576
 
 
 
350,535
 
 
 
 
9,546
 
 
 
2,312
 
 
 
1,531
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
958,408
 
 
 
 
 
947,240
 
 
 
971,797
 
 
 
960,629
 
Other
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
Derivatives
 
 
115,659
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
115,659
 
 
 
115,659
 
Other assets
(1)
 
 
9,627
 
 
 
9
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
47,889
 
 
 
 
 
47,889
 
 
 
57,525
 
 
 
57,525
 
Financial liabilities
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
Deposits
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
Personal
 
$
356
 
 
$
31,607
 
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
$
478,579
 
 
 
 
$
478,843
 
 
$
510,542
 
 
$
510,806
 
Business and government
(2)
 
 
174
 
 
 
148,652
 
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
 
660,554
 
 
 
 
 
661,586
 
 
 
809,380
 
 
 
810,412
 
Bank
(3)
 
 
–
 
 
 
9,320
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
32,023
 
 
 
 
 
32,028
 
 
 
41,343
 
 
 
41,348
 
 
 
 
530
 
 
 
189,579
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,171,156
 
 
 
 
 
 1,172,457
 
 
 
 1,361,265
 
 
 
 1,362,566
 
Other
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
Obligations related to securities sold short
 
 
33,972
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
33,972
 
 
 
33,972
 
Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned
 
 
–
 
 
 
266,457
 
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
 
37,916
 
 
 
 
 
37,916
 
 
 
304,373
 
 
 
304,373
 
Derivatives
 
 
126,884
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
126,884
 
 
 
126,884
 
Other liabilities
(4)
 
 
(1,275
) 
 
 
2
 
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
 
66,515
 
 
 
 
 
66,781
 
 
 
65,242
 
 
 
65,508
 
Subordinated debentures
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13,437
 
 
 
 
 
13,469
 
 
 
13,437
 
 
 
13,469
 

Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   63
 
     As at October 31, 2023 (Restated – Note 2)  
    Carrying value and fair value         Carrying value         Fair value              
(Millions of Canadian dollars)   Financial
instruments
classified as
FVTPL
    Financial
instruments
designated as
FVTPL
    Financial
instruments
classified as
FVOCI
    Financial
instruments
designated as
FVOCI
         Financial
instruments
measured at
amortized cost
         Financial
instruments
measured at
amortized cost
    Total carrying
amount
    Total fair value  
Financial assets
                   
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
  $ –     $ 60,856     $ –     $ –    
 
  $ 10,230    
 
  $ 10,230     $ 71,086     $ 71,086  
Securities
                   
Trading
    180,651       9,500       –       –         –         –       190,151       190,151  
Investment, net of applicable
allowance
    –       –       127,624        842    
 
    91,113    
 
    83,667       219,579       212,133  
 
    180,651       9,500        127,624       842    
 
    91,113    
 
    83,667       409,730       402,284  
Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed
     285,869       –       –       –    
 
    54,322    
 
    54,322       340,191       340,191  
Loans, net of applicable allowance
                   
Retail
    114       362       280       –         566,376         542,480       567,132       543,236  
Wholesale
    5,629       3,619       597       –    
 
    275,796    
 
    268,843       285,641       278,688  
 
    5,743       3,981       877       –    
 
    842,172    
 
    811,323       852,773       821,924  
Other
                   
Derivatives
    142,450       –       –       –            –            –       142,450       142,450  
Other assets
(1)
    7,579       5          –          –    
 
    68,450    
 
    68,450       76,034       76,034  
Financial liabilities
                   
Deposits
                   
Personal
  $ 109     $ 26,702           $ 415,135       $ 412,886     $ 441,946     $ 439,697  
Business and government
(2)
    174       137,454             607,447         605,260       745,075       742,888  
Bank
(3)
    –       11,462    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    33,204    
 
    33,160       44,666       44,622  
 
    283       175,618    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     1,055,786    
 
     1,051,306        1,231,687        1,227,207  
Other
                   
Obligations related to securities sold short
    33,651       –             –         –       33,651       33,651  
Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned
    –        298,679             36,559         36,559       335,238       335,238  
Derivatives
    142,629       –             –         –       142,629       142,629  
Other liabilities
(4)
    (937 )      11             92,539         92,441       91,613       91,515  
Subordinated debentures
       –          –    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    11,386    
 
    11,213       11,386       11,213  
 
(1)   Includes Customers’ liability under acceptances and financial instruments recognized in Other assets.
(2)   Business and government deposits include deposits from regulated deposit-taking institutions other than banks.
(3)   Bank deposits refer to deposits from regulated banks and central banks.
(4)   Includes Acceptances and financial instruments recognized in Other liabilities.

64   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Note 3 Fair value of financial instruments
(continued)
 
 
Fair value of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and classified using the fair value
hiera
rch
y
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
   As at  
 
 
 
July 31, 2024
 
 
 
 
October 31, 2023 (Restated – Note 2)
 
 
 
Fair value measurements using
 
 
Netting
adjustments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value measurements using
 
 
Netting
adjustments
 
 
 
 
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Fair value
 
 
  
 
Level 1
 
 
Level 2
 
 
Level 3
 
 
Fair value
 
Financial assets
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
 
$
    –
 
 
$
 48,443
 
 
$
  –
 
 
$
   
 
 
$
 48,443
 
 
 
 
$
  –
 
 
$
60,856
 
 
$
  –
 
 
$
   
 
 
$
60,856
 
Securities
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Trading
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Debt issued or guaranteed by:
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Canadian government
(1)
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Federal
 
 
22,324
 
 
 
1,816
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
24,140
 
 
 
 
 
26,675
 
 
 
2,581
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
29,256
 
Provincial and municipal
 
 
–
 
 
 
14,395
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
14,395
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
16,389
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
16,389
 
U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies 
(1), (2)
 
 
255
 
 
 
32,359
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
32,614
 
 
 
 
 
2,249
 
 
 
50,439
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
52,688
 
Other OECD government
(3)
 
 
2,502
 
 
 
2,532
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
5,034
 
 
 
 
 
2,055
 
 
 
2,577
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
4,632
 
Mortgage-backed securities
(1)
 
 
–
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
2
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
2
 
Asset-backed securities
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,399
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
1,399
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,245
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
1,245
 
Corporate debt and other debt
 
 
–
 
 
 
24,295
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
24,295
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
22,615
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
22,615
 
Equities
 
 
73,848
 
 
 
2,278
 
 
 
2,436
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
78,562
 
 
 
 
 
58,826
 
 
 
2,232
 
 
 
2,266
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
63,324
 
 
 
 
98,929
 
 
 
79,076
 
 
 
2,436
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
180,441
 
 
 
 
 
89,805
 
 
 
98,080
 
 
 
2,266
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
190,151
 
Investment
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Debt issued or guaranteed by:
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Canadian government
(1)
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Federal
 
 
6,664
 
 
 
8,064
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
14,728
 
 
 
 
 
2,731
 
 
 
3,528
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
6,259
 
Provincial and municipal
 
 
–
 
 
 
5,207
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
5,207
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,748
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
2,748
 
U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies 
(1)
 
 
–
 
 
 
79,096
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
79,096
 
 
 
 
 
275
 
 
 
73,020
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
73,295
 
Other OECD government
 
 
3,351
 
 
 
6,884
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
10,235
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
6,192
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
6,192
 
Mortgage-backed securities
(1)
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,460
 
 
 
29
 
 
     
 
 
2,489
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,672
 
 
 
29
 
 
     
 
 
2,701
 
Asset-backed securities
 
 
–
 
 
 
9,440
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
9,440
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
8,706
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
8,706
 
Corporate debt and other debt
 
 
–
 
 
 
29,158
 
 
 
146
 
 
     
 
 
29,304
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
27,574
 
 
 
149
 
 
     
 
 
27,723
 
Equities
 
 
389
 
 
 
305
 
 
 
484
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,178
 
 
 
 
 
38
 
 
 
338
 
 
 
466
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
842
 
 
 
 
10,404
 
 
 
140,614
 
 
 
659
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
151,677
 
 
 
 
 
3,044
 
 
 
124,778
 
 
 
644
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
128,466
 
Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed
 
 
–
 
 
 
264,532
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
264,532
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
285,869
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
285,869
 
Loans
 
 
–
 
 
 
11,575
 
 
 
1,814
 
 
     
 
 
13,389
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
8,742
 
 
 
1,859
 
 
     
 
 
10,601
 
Other
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Derivatives
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Interest rate contracts
 
 
–
 
 
 
29,458
 
 
 
370
 
 
     
 
 
29,828
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
39,243
 
 
 
290
 
 
     
 
 
39,533
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
 
–
 
 
 
64,242
 
 
 
1
 
 
     
 
 
64,243
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
89,644
 
 
 
4
 
 
     
 
 
89,648
 
Credit derivatives
 
 
–
 
 
 
217
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
217
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
224
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
224
 
Other contracts
 
 
3,344
 
 
 
20,123
 
 
 
28
 
 
     
 
 
23,495
 
 
 
 
 
2,352
 
 
 
13,927
 
 
 
111
 
 
     
 
 
16,390
 
Valuation adjustments
 
 
–
 
 
 
(934
) 
 
 
2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(932
) 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(1,805
) 
 
 
4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,801
) 
Total gross derivatives
 
 
3,344
 
 
 
113,106
 
 
 
401
 
 
     
 
 
116,851
 
 
 
 
 
2,352
 
 
 
141,233
 
 
 
409
 
 
     
 
 
143,994
 
Netting adjustments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,192
) 
 
 
(1,192
) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,544
) 
 
 
(1,544
) 
Total derivatives
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
115,659
 
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
142,450
 
Other assets
 
 
5,010
 
 
 
4,618
 
 
 
8
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9,636
 
 
 
 
 
4,152
 
 
 
3,421
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7,584
 
 
 
$
117,687
 
 
$
661,964
 
 
$
5,318
 
 
$
(1,192
) 
 
$
783,777
 
 
 
 
$
 99,353
 
 
$
 722,979
 
 
$
 5,189
 
 
$
 (1,544
) 
 
$
 825,977
 
Financial liabilities
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Deposits
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Personal
 
$
–
 
 
$
31,355
 
 
$
608
 
 
$
 
 
 
$
31,963
 
 
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
26,428
 
 
$
383
 
 
$
 
 
 
$
26,811
 
Business and government
 
 
–
 
 
 
148,826
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
148,826
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
137,628
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
137,628
 
Bank
 
 
–
 
 
 
9,320
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
9,320
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
11,462
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
11,462
 
Other
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Obligations related to securities sold short
 
 
14,892
 
 
 
19,080
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
33,972
 
 
 
 
 
14,391
 
 
 
19,260
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
33,651
 
Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned
 
 
–
 
 
 
266,457
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
266,457
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
298,679
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
298,679
 
Derivatives
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Interest rate contracts
 
 
–
 
 
 
26,245
 
 
 
918
 
 
     
 
 
27,163
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
41,249
 
 
 
952
 
 
     
 
 
42,201
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
 
–
 
 
 
60,103
 
 
 
47
 
 
     
 
 
60,150
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
81,750
 
 
 
53
 
 
     
 
 
81,803
 
Credit derivatives
 
 
–
 
 
 
239
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
239
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
176
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
176
 
Other contracts
 
 
4,357
 
 
 
35,907
 
 
 
424
 
 
     
 
 
40,688
 
 
 
 
 
3,119
 
 
 
17,306
 
 
 
549
 
 
     
 
 
20,974
 
Valuation adjustments
 
 
–
 
 
 
(156
) 
 
 
(8
) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(164
) 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(982
) 
 
 
1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(981
) 
Total gross derivatives
 
 
4,357
 
 
 
122,338
 
 
 
1,381
 
 
     
 
 
128,076
 
 
 
 
 
3,119
 
 
 
139,499
 
 
 
1,555
 
 
     
 
 
144,173
 
Netting adjustments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,192
) 
 
 
(1,192
) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,544
) 
 
 
(1,544
) 
Total derivatives
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
126,884
 
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
142,629
 
Other liabilities
 
 
261
 
 
 
(1,534
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1,273
) 
 
 
 
 
370
 
 
 
(1,296
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(926
) 
 
 
$
19,510
 
 
$
595,842
 
 
$
 1,989
 
 
$
(1,192
) 
 
$
616,149
 
 
 
 
$
17,880
 
 
$
631,660
 
 
$
1,938
 
 
$
(1,544
) 
 
$
649,934
 
 
(1)   As at July 31, 2024, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities (MBS) included in all fair value levels of trading securities were $16,394 million and $nil (October 31, 2023 – $14,345 million and $nil), respectively, and in all fair value levels of Investment securities were $26,766 million and $2,421 million (October 31, 2023 – $24,365 million and $2,618 million), respectively.
(2)   United States (U.S.).
(3)   Organisation for Economic
Co-operation
and Development (OECD).

Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   65
 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3 Instruments)
A financial instrument is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy if one or more of its unobservable inputs may significantly affect the measurement of its fair value. In preparing the financial statements, appropriate levels for these unobservable input parameters are chosen so that they are consistent with prevailing market evidence or management judgment. Due to the unobservable nature of the prices or rates, there may be uncertainty about the valuation of these Level 3 financial instruments.
During the three months ended July 31, 2024, there were no significant changes made to the valuation techniques and ranges and weighted averages of unobservable inputs used in the determination of fair value of Level 3 financial instruments. As at July 31, 2024, the impacts of adjusting one or more of the unobservable inputs by reasonably possible alternative assumptions did not change significantly from the impacts disclosed in our audited 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.
Changes in fair value measurement for instruments measured on a recurring basis and categorized in Level 3
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
For the three months ended July 31, 2024
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
Fair value
at beginning
of period
 
 
Gains (losses)
included
in earnings
 
 
Gains (losses)
included in
OCI 
(1)
 
 
Purchases
(issuances)
 
 
Settlement
(sales) and
other 
(2)
 
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 
 
Fair value
at end of
period
 
 
Gains
(losses) included
in earnings for
positions still held
 
Assets
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Securities
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Trading
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Debt issued or guaranteed by:
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
U.S. state, municipal and agencies
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
Asset-backed securities
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
Corporate debt and other debt
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
Equities
 
 
2,392
 
 
 
(136
) 
 
 
2
 
 
 
216
 
 
 
(38
) 
 
 
1
 
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
2,436
 
 
 
(117
) 
 
 
 
2,392
 
 
 
(136
) 
 
 
2
 
 
 
216
 
 
 
(38
) 
 
 
1
 
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
2,436
 
 
 
(117
) 
Investment
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
30
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
29
 
 
 
n.a.
 
Corporate debt and other debt
 
 
144
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
6
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(4
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
146
 
 
 
n.a.
 
Equities
 
 
476
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(3
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
484
 
 
 
n.a.
 
 
 
 
650
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
16
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(7
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
659
 
 
 
n.a.
 
Loans
 
 
1,837
 
 
 
(33
) 
 
 
21
 
 
 
78
 
 
 
(84
) 
 
 
9
 
 
 
(14
) 
 
 
1,814
 
 
 
(30
) 
Other
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Net derivative balances
(3)
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Interest rate contracts
 
 
(647
) 
 
 
43
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(66
) 
 
 
122
 
 
 
18
 
 
 
(18
) 
 
 
(548
) 
 
 
43
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
 
(27
) 
 
 
(9
) 
 
 
1
 
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(10
) 
 
 
(46
) 
 
 
(9
) 
Other contracts
 
 
(298
) 
 
 
(24
) 
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
(11
) 
 
 
4
 
 
 
(198
) 
 
 
132
 
 
 
(396
) 
 
 
(13
) 
Valuation adjustments
 
 
(6
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
16
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
–
 
Other assets
 
 
9
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
8
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
$
3,910
 
 
$
(159
) 
 
$
39
 
 
$
216
 
 
$
12
 
 
$
(170
) 
 
$
89
 
 
$
3,937
 
 
$
(126
) 
Liabilities
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Deposits
 
$
(633
) 
 
$
(39
) 
 
$
–
 
 
$
(60
) 
 
$
38
 
 
$
(3
) 
 
$
89
 
 
$
(608
) 
 
$
(23
) 
 
 
$
(633
) 
 
$
(39
) 
 
$
–
 
 
$
(60
) 
 
$
38
 
 
$
(3
) 
 
$
89
 
 
$
(608
) 
 
$
(23
) 

66   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Note 3 Fair value of financial instruments
(continued)
 
 
     For the three months ended July 31, 2023  
(Millions of Canadian dollars)   Fair value
at beginning
of period
    Gains (losses)
included
in earnings
    Gains (losses)
included in
OCI (1)
    Purchases
(issuances)
    Settlement
(sales) and
other (2)
    Transfers
into
Level 3
    Transfers
out of
Level 3
    Fair value
at end of
period
    Gains
(losses) included
in earnings for
positions still held
 
Assets
                 
Securities
                 
Trading
                 
Debt issued or guaranteed by:
                 
U.S. state, municipal and agencies
  $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –  
Asset-backed securities
    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –  
Corporate debt and other debt
    19       –       –       –       (16 )      –       (3 )      –       –  
Equities
    2,177       (37 )      (28 )      70       (9 )      6       –       2,179       (13 ) 
 
    2,196       (37 )      (28 )      70       (25 )      6       (3 )      2,179       (13 ) 
Investment
                 
Mortgage-backed securities
    27       –       3       –       –       –       –       30       n.a.  
Corporate debt and other debt
    150       –       (9 )      –       –       –       –       141       n.a.  
Equities
    436       –       (6 )      1       –       –       –       431       n.a.  
 
    613       –       (12 )      1       –       –       –       602       n.a.
Loans
    2,410       (28 )      (58 )      61       (71 )      2       (5 )      2,311       (13 ) 
Other
                 
Net derivative balances
(3)
                 
Interest rate contracts
    (638 )      (14 )      1       1       19       7       (8 )      (632 )      (8 ) 
Foreign exchange contracts
    (56 )      3       (1 )      (9 )      11       –       6       (46 )      2  
Other contracts
    (413 )      (43 )      11       (23 )      17       (37 )      47       (441 )      (45 ) 
Valuation adjustments
    16       –       –       –       (5 )      –       –       11       –  
Other assets
    13       –       –       –       (2 )      –       –       11       –  
 
  $ 4,141     $ (119 )    $ (87 )    $ 101     $ (56 )    $ (22 )    $ 37     $ 3,995     $ (77 ) 
Liabilities
                 
Deposits
  $ (250 )    $ 1     $ 1     $ (80 )    $ 13     $ (16 )    $ 50     $ (281 )    $ 5  
 
  $ (250 )    $ 1     $ 1     $ (80 )    $ 13     $ (16 )    $ 50     $ (281 )    $ 5  
 
  
 
For the nine months ended July 31, 2024
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
Fair value
at beginning
of period
 
 
Gains (losses)
included
in earnings
 
 
Gains (losses)
included in
OCI 
(1)
 
 
Purchases
(issuances)
 
 
Settlement
(sales) and
other 
(2)
 
 
Transfers
into
Level 3
 
 
Transfers
out of
Level 3
 
 
Fair value
at end of
period
 
 
Gains
(losses) included
in earnings for
positions still held
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
                 
Securities
                 
Trading
                 
Debt issued or guaranteed by:
                 
U.S. state, municipal and agencies
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
Asset-backed securities
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
Corporate debt and other debt
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
Equities
 
 
2,266
 
 
 
(190
)
 
 
(6
)
 
 
445
 
 
(78
)
 
 
1
 
 
 
(2
)
 
 
2,436
 
 
 
(149
)
 
 
 
2,266
 
 
 
(190
)
 
 
(6
)
 
 
445
 
 
(78
)
 
 
1
 
 
 
(2
)
 
 
2,436
 
 
 
(149
)
Investment
                 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
29
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
29
 
 
 
n.a.
 
Corporate debt and other debt
 
 
149
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(13
)
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
146
 
 
 
n.a.
 
Equities
 
 
466
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
16
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
(3
)
 
 
2
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
484
 
 
 
n.a.
 
 
 
 
644
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
26
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
(16
)
 
 
2
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
659
 
 
 
n.a.
 
Loans
 
 
1,859
 
 
 
(87
)
 
 
25
 
 
 
445
 
 
 
(324
)
 
 
50
 
 
 
(154
)
 
 
1,814
 
 
 
(81
)
Other
                 
Net derivative balances
(3)
                 
Interest rate contracts
 
 
(662
)
 
 
46
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(80
)
 
 
135
 
 
30
 
 
 
(17
)
 
 
(548
)
 
 
55
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
 
(49
)
 
 
(10
)
 
 
6
 
 
 
14
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
(12
)
 
 
(46
)
 
 
(3
)
Other contracts
 
 
(438
)
 
 
(139
)
 
 
5
 
 
 
(59
)
 
 
5
 
 
 
(284
)
 
 
514
 
 
 
(396
)
 
 
1
 
Valuation adjustments
 
 
3
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(1
)
 
 
8
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
–
 
Other assets
 
 
11
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(3
)
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
8
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
$
3,634
 
 
$
(380
)
 
$
56
 
 
$
767
 
 
$
(270
)
 
$
(199
)
 
$
329
 
 
$
3,937
 
 
$
(177
)
Liabilities
                 
Deposits
 
$
(383
)
 
$
(90
)
 
$
1
 
 
$
(417
)
 
$
76
 
 
$
(93
)
 
$
298
 
 
$
(608
)
 
$
(44
)
 
 
$
(383
)
 
$
(90
)
 
$
1
 
 
$
(417
)
 
$
76
 
 
$
(93
)
 
$
298
 
 
$
(608
)
 
$
(44
)

Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   67
 
     For the nine months ended July 31, 2023  
(Millions of Canadian dollars)   Fair value
at beginning
of period
    Gains (losses)
included
in earnings
    Gains (losses)
included in
OCI (1)
    Purchases
(issuances)
    Settlement
(sales) and
other (2)
    Transfers
into
Level 3
    Transfers
out of
Level 3
    Fair value
at end of
period
    Gains
(losses) included
in earnings for
positions still held
 
Assets
                 
Securities
                 
Trading
                 
Debt issued or guaranteed by:
                 
U.S. state, municipal and agencies
  $ 4     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ (4 )    $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –  
Asset-backed securities
    2     –       –       –       (2 )      –       –       –       –  
Corporate debt and other debt
    7       –       –       2       (16 )      17       (10 )      –       –  
Equities
    1,874       (159 )      (34 )      491       (41 )      48       –       2,179       (130 ) 
 
    1,887       (159 )      (34 )      493       (63 )      65       (10 )      2,179       (130 ) 
Investment
                 
Mortgage-backed securities
    28       –       1       1       –       –       –       30       n.a.
Corporate debt and other debt
    151       –       (2 )      –       (8 )      –       –       141       n.a.
Equities
    397       –       34       1       (1 )      –       –       431       n.a.
 
    576       –       33       2       (9 )      –       –       602       n.a.
Loans
    1,692       (54 )      (35 )      1,300       (452 )      30       (170 )      2,311       –  
Other
                 
Net derivative balances
(3)
                 
Interest rate contracts
    (859 )      (10 )      6       (7 )      194       30       14       (632 )      (9 ) 
Foreign exchange contracts
    (132 )      4       10       (8 )      48       –       32       (46 )      (2 ) 
Other contracts
    (785 )      (6 )      21       (61 )      83       (96 )      403       (441 )      (35 ) 
Valuation adjustments
    53       –       –       –       (42 )      –       –       11       –  
Other assets
    15       –       –       –       (4 )      –       –       11       –  
 
  $ 2,447     $ (225 )    $ 1     $ 1,719     $ (245 )    $ 29     $ 269     $ 3,995     $ (176 ) 
Liabilities
                 
Deposits
  $ (241 )    $ (26 )    $ 1     $ (157 )    $ 19     $ (67 )    $ 190     $ (281 )    $ (8 ) 
 
  $ (241 )    $ (26 )    $ 1     $ (157 )    $ 19     $ (67 )    $ 190     $ (281 )    $ (8 ) 
 
(1)  
These amounts include the foreign currency translation gains or losses arising on consolidation of foreign subsidiaries relating to the Level 3 instruments, where applicable. The unrealized gains on Investment securities recognized in OCI were $
10 million for the three months ended July 31, 2024 (July 31, 2023 – gains of $3 million) and gains of $20 million for the nine months ended July 31, 2024 (July 31, 2023 – gains of $33 million), excluding the translation gains or losses arising on consolidation.
(2)   Other includes amortization of premiums or discounts recognized in net income.
(3)   Net derivatives as at July 31, 2024 included derivative assets of $401 million (July 31, 2023 – $345 million) and derivative liabilities of $1,381 million (July 31, 2023 – $1,453 million).
n.a.   not applicable
Transfers between fair value hierarchy levels for instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis
Transfers between Level 1 and Level 2, and transfers into and out of Level 3 are assumed to occur at the end of the period. For an asset or a liability that transfers into Level 3 during the period, the entire change in fair value for the period is excluded from the Gains (losses) included in earnings for positions still held column of the above reconciliation, whereas for transfers out of Level 3 during the period, the entire change in fair value for the period is included in the same column of the above reconciliation.
Transfers between Level 1 and 2 are dependent on whether fair value is obtained on the basis of quoted market prices in active markets (Level 1).
During the three months ended July 31, 2024, transfers out of Level 1 to Level 2 included Trading U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $564 million and Investment U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $417 million. During the three months ended July 31, 2023, transfers out of Level 1 to Level 2 included Obligations related to securities sold short of $151 million.
During the three months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, there were no significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 1.
During the nine months ended July 31, 2024, transfers out of Level 1 to Level 2 included Investment U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $1,038 million and Trading U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $822 million. During the nine months ended July 31, 2023, transfers out of Level 1 to Level 2 included Investment U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $435 million, Obligations related to securities sold short of $151 million, and Trading U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies debt of $112 million.
During the nine months ended July 31, 2024 and July 31, 2023, there were no significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 1.
Transfers between Level 2 and Level 3 are primarily due to either a change in the market observability for an input, or a change in an unobservable input’s significance to a financial instrument’s fair value.
During the three months ended July 31, 2024
, transfers out of Level 2 to Level 3 included Other contracts due to changes in the significance of unobservable inputs. During the three months ended July
 31, 2023, there were no significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 3.

68   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Note 3 Fair value of financial instruments
(continued)
 
 
During the three months ended July 31, 2024, transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2 included
Other contracts due to changes in the significance of unobservable inputs and changes in the market observability of inputs
. During the three months ended July 31, 2023, there were no significant transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2.   
During the nine months ended July 31, 2024, transfers out of Level 2 to Level 3 included Other contracts due to changes in the significance of unobservable inputs and changes in the market observability of inputs. During the nine months ended July 31, 2023, there were no significant transfers out of Level 2 to Level 3.
During the nine months ended July 31, 2024, transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2 included Other contracts, Deposits and Loans due to changes in the significance of unobservable inputs and changes in the market observability of inputs. During the nine months ended July 31, 2023, transfers out of Level 3 to Level 2 included Other contracts and Loans due to changes in the market observability of inputs and changes in the significance of unobservable inputs.
Net interest income from financial instruments
Interest and dividend income arising from financial assets and financial liabilities and the associated costs of funding are reported in Net interest
income.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
For the three months ended
 
 
  
 
For the nine months ended
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
July 31
2024
 
 
July 31
2023
 
 
  
 
July 31
2024
 
 
July 31
2023
 
Interest and dividend income
(1), (2)
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
Financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss
 
$
8,678
 
 
$
8,546
 
 
 
 
$
 27,583
 
 
$
 22,203
 
Financial instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income
 
 
1,927
 
 
 
1,383
 
 
 
 
 
5,162
 
 
 
3,439
 
Financial instruments measured at amortized cost
 
 
16,485
 
 
 
12,905
 
 
 
 
 
45,708
 
 
 
36,847
 
 
 
 
27,090
 
 
 
22,834
 
 
 
 
 
78,453
 
 
 
62,489
 
Interest expense
(1)
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
Financial instruments measured at fair value through profit or loss
 
 
8,432
 
 
 
7,531
 
 
 
 
 
26,227
 
 
 
20,046
 
Financial instruments measured at amortized cost
 
 
11,331
 
 
 
9,017
 
 
 
 
 
31,944
 
 
 
23,856
 
 
 
 
 19,763
 
 
 
 16,548
 
 
 
 
 
58,171
 
 
 
43,902
 
Net interest income
 
$
7,327
 
 
$
6,286
 
 
 
 
$
20,282
 
 
$
18,587
 
 
(1)   Excludes interest and dividend income for the three months ended July 31, 2024 of $222 million (July 31, 2023 – $186 million
)
and for the nine months ended July 31, 2024 of $656 million (July 31, 2023 – $554 million
),
 and interest expense for the three months ended July 31, 2024 of $54
million
(July 31, 2023 – $83
 million
) and for the nine months ended July 31, 2024 of $77 million (July 31, 2023 – $100
 million
) presented in Insurance investment result in the Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
(2)   Includes dividend income for the three months ended July 31, 2024 of $778 million
 
(July 31, 2023 – $803 million) and for the nine months ended July 31, 2024 of $2,511 million (July 31, 2023 – $2,396 million) presented in Interest and dividend income in the Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
 
Note 4 Securities
 
Unrealized gains and losses on securities at FVOCI
(1), (2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
As at           
 
 
 
July 31, 2024
(3)
 
 
 
 
October 31, 2023
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
Cost/
Amortized
cost
 
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair value
 
 
  
 
Cost/
Amortized
cost
 
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
 
Gross
unrealized
losses
 
 
Fair value
 
Debt issued or guaranteed by:
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Canadian government
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Federal
 
$
14,725
 
 
$
29
 
 
$
(26
) 
 
$
14,728
 
 
 
 
$
6,609
 
 
$
1
 
 
$
(351
) 
 
$
6,259
 
Provincial and municipal
 
 
5,216
 
 
 
31
 
 
 
(40
) 
 
 
5,207
 
 
 
 
 
3,396
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
(650
) 
 
 
2,748
 
U.S. federal, state, municipal and agencies
 
 
80,327
 
 
 
423
 
 
 
(1,654
) 
 
 
79,096
 
 
 
 
 
75,326
 
 
 
343
 
 
 
(2,374
) 
 
 
73,295
 
Other OECD government
 
 
10,271
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
(47
) 
 
 
10,235
 
 
 
 
 
6,200
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
(9
) 
 
 
6,192
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
2,514
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
(26
) 
 
 
2,489
 
 
 
 
 
2,762
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(61
) 
 
 
2,701
 
Asset-backed securities
 
 
9,422
 
 
 
24
 
 
 
(6
) 
 
 
9,440
 
 
 
 
 
8,752
 
 
 
5
 
 
 
(51
) 
 
 
8,706
 
Corporate debt and other debt
 
 
29,248
 
 
 
116
 
 
 
(60
) 
 
 
29,304
 
 
 
 
 
27,774
 
 
 
44
 
 
 
(95
) 
 
 
27,723
 
Equities
 
 
720
 
 
 
463
 
 
 
(5
) 
 
 
1,178
 
 
 
 
 
493
 
 
 
357
 
 
 
(8
) 
 
 
842
 
 
 
$
152,443
 
 
$
1,098
 
 
$
(1,864
)
 
$
151,677
 
 
 
 
$
 131,312
 
 
$
 753
 
 
$
 (3,599
) 
 
$
 128,466
 
 
(1)   Excludes $99,067 million of held-to-collect securities as at July 31, 2024 that are carried at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses (October 31, 2023 – $91,113 million).
(2)   Gross unrealized gains and losses includes $(35) million of allowance for credit losses on debt securities at FVOCI as at July 31, 2024 (October 31, 2023 – $(33) million) recognized in income and Other components of equity.
(3)   These amounts reflect certain reclassifications made upon the adoption of IFRS 17 as at November 1, 2023 with no restatement of comparative information. Refer to Note 2 for further details.

Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   69
 
Allowance for credit losses on investment securities
The following tables reconcile the opening and closing allowance for debt securities at FVOCI and amortized cost by stage. Reconciling items include the following:
•  
Transfers between stages, which are presumed to occur before any corresponding remeasurement of the allowance.
•  
Purchases, which reflect the allowance related to assets newly recognized during the period, including those assets that were derecognized following a modification of terms.
•  
Sales and maturities, which reflect the allowance related to assets derecognized during the period without a credit loss being incurred, including those assets that were derecognized following a modification of terms.
•  
Changes in risk, parameters and exposures, which comprise the impact of changes in model inputs or assumptions, including changes in forward-looking macroeconomic conditions; partial repayments; changes in the measurement following a transfer between stages; and unwinding of the time value discount due to the passage of time.
Allowance for credit losses – securities at FVOCI
(1)
 
     For the three months ended  
   
July 31, 2024
          July 31, 2023  
   
Performing
         
Impaired
                Performing           Impaired        
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Stage 1
   
Stage 2
          
Stage 3 
(2)
   
Total
           Stage 1     Stage 2            Stage 3 (2)     Total  
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
6
 
 
$
–
 
   
$
(39
) 
 
$
(33
) 
    $ 3     $ 2       $ (25 )    $ (20 ) 
Provision for credit losses
                     
Transfers to stage 1
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      1       (1 )        –       –  
Transfers to stage 2
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      –       –         –       –  
Transfers to stage 3
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      –       –         –       –  
Purchases
 
 
2
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
2
 
      1       –         –          1  
Sales and maturities
 
 
(1
)
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
(1
)
 
      –       (1 )            –       (1 ) 
Changes in risk, parameters and exposures
 
 
(2
)
 
 
–
 
   
 
(2
)
 
 
 
(4
)
      (2 )      (1 )        (2 )      (5 ) 
Exchange rate and other
 
 
–
 
 
–
 
         
 
   1
 
 
 
1
 
            –         1               1       2  
Balance at end of period
 
$
  5
 
 
$
 –
 
         
$
(40
)
 
$
 (35
)
          $   3     $ –             $ (26 )    $ (23 ) 
 
     For the nine months ended  
   
July 31, 2024
          July 31, 2023  
   
Performing
         
Impaired
                Performing           Impaired        
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Stage 1
   
Stage 2
          
Stage 3 
(2)
   
Total
           Stage 1     Stage 2            Stage 3 (2)     Total  
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
4
 
 
$
–
 
   
$
(37
) 
 
$
(33
) 
    $ 3     $ 1       $ (23 )    $ (19 ) 
Provision for credit losses
                     
Transfers to stage 1
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      1       (1 )        –       –  
Transfers to stage 2
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      –       –         –       –  
Transfers to stage 3
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      –       –         –          –  
Purchases
 
 
8
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
8
 
      4       –         –       4  
Sales and maturities
 
 
(3
)
 
 
–
 
   
 
   –
 
 
 
(3
)
      (1 )      (1 )            –       (2 ) 
Changes in risk, parameters and exposures
 
 
(5
)
 
 
–
     
 
(6
)
 
 
(11
)
      (3 )        1         (7 )      (9 ) 
Exchange rate and other
 
 
1
 
 
 
–
 
         
 
3
 
 
 
4
 
            (1 )      –               4       3  
Balance at end of period
 
$
  5
 
 
$
 –
 
         
$
(40
)
 
$
 (35
)
          $   3     $ –             $ (26 )    $ (23 ) 
 
(1)   Expected credit losses on debt securities at FVOCI are not separately recognized on the balance sheet as the related securities are recorded at fair value. The cumulative amount of credit losses recognized in income is presented in Other components of equity.
(2)   Reflects changes in the allowance for purchased credit impaired securities.

70   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Note 4 Securities
(continued)
 
 
Allowance for credit losses – securities at amortized cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
For the three months ended
 
 
 
July 31, 2024
 
 
 
 
 
July 31, 2023
 
 
 
Performing
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performing
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired
 
 
 
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
Stage 1
 
 
Stage 2
 
 
  
 
 
Stage 3
 
 
Total
 
 
  
 
 
Stage 1
 
 
Stage 2
 
 
  
 
 
Stage 3
 
 
Total
 
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
8
 
 
$
13
 
 
     
 
$
–
 
 
$
21
 
 
     
 
$
  9
 
 
$
13
 
 
     
 
$
–
 
 
$
22
 
Provision for credit losses
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Transfers to stage 1
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
Transfers to stage 2
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
Transfers to stage 3
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
Purchases
 
 
2
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
2
 
 
     
 
 
3
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
3
 
Sales and maturities
 
 
(2
) 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
(2
) 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
   –
 
Changes in risk, parameters and exposures
 
 
–
 
 
 
(2
) 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
(2
) 
 
     
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
2
 
 
     
 
 
    –
 
 
 
1
 
Exchange rate and other
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
   –
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(2
) 
Balance at end of period
 
$
  7
 
 
$
 12
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
   –
 
 
$
 19
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
10
 
 
$
 14
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
 24
 
 
     For the nine months ended  
   
July 31, 2024
          July 31, 2023  
   
Performing
         
Impaired
                Performing           Impaired        
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Stage 1
   
Stage 2
          
Stage 3
   
Total
           Stage 1     Stage 2            Stage 3     Total  
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
8
 
 
$
15
 
   
$
–
 
 
$
23
 
    $   8     $  14       $ –     $ 22  
Provision for credit losses
                     
Transfers to stage 1
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      –       –             –          –  
Transfers to stage 2
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      –       –         –       –  
Transfers to stage 3
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
   –
 
      –       –         –       –  
Purchases
 
 
6
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
6
 
      8       –         –       8  
Sales and maturities
 
 
(2
)
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
(2
)
      –       –         –       –  
Changes in risk, parameters and exposures
 
 
(4
) 
 
 
(3
)
   
 
–
 
 
 
(7
)
      (6 )      1         –       (5 ) 
Exchange rate and other
 
 
(
1
)
 
 
–
 
         
 
–
 
 
 
(1
) 
            –       (1 )              –       (1 ) 
Balance at end of period
 
$
  7
 
 
$
 12
 
         
$
   –
 
 
$
 19
 
          $ 10     $ 14             $ –     $  24  
Credit risk exposure by internal risk rating
The following table presents the fair value of debt securities at FVOCI and gross carrying amount of securities at amortized cost. Risk ratings are based on internal ratings used in the measurement of expected credit losses as at the reporting date, as outlined in the internal ratings maps in the Credit risk section of our 2023 Annual Report.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
As at             
 
 
 
July 31, 2024
 
 
 
 
 
October 31, 2023
 
 
 
Performing
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performing
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired
 
 
 
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
Stage 1
 
 
Stage 2
 
 
  
 
 
Stage 3 
(1)
 
 
Total
 
 
  
 
 
Stage 1
 
 
Stage 2
 
 
  
 
 
Stage 3 (1)
 
 
Total
 
Investment securities
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Securities at FVOCI
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Investment grade
 
$
 149,556
 
 
$
8
 
 
     
 
$
–
 
 
$
 149,564
 
 
     
 
$
 126,732
 
 
$
   1
 
 
     
 
$
–
 
 
$
 126,733
 
Non-investment grade
 
 
789
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
789
 
 
     
 
 
742
 
 
 
–
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
742
 
Impaired
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
146
 
 
 
146
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   149
 
 
 
149
 
 
 
 
150,345
 
 
 
8
 
 
     
 
 
146
 
 
 
150,499
 
 
     
 
 
127,474
 
 
 
1
 
 
     
 
 
149
 
 
 
127,624
 
Items not subject to impairment 
(2)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1,178
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
842
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
151,677
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
128,466
 
Securities at amortized cost
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Investment grade
 
$
98,182
 
 
$
–
 
 
     
 
$
–
 
 
$
98,182
 
 
     
 
$
89,947
 
 
$
–
 
 
     
 
$
–
 
 
$
89,947
 
Non-investment grade
 
 
728
 
 
 
176
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
904
 
 
     
 
 
990
 
 
 
199
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,189
 
Impaired
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
98,910
 
 
 
176
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
99,086
 
 
     
 
 
90,937
 
 
 
199
 
 
     
 
 
–
 
 
 
91,136
 
Allowance for credit losses
 
 
7
 
 
 
12
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
19
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8
 
 
 
15
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
23
 
 
 
$
98,903
 
 
$
 164
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
99,067
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
90,929
 
 
$
184
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
91,113
 
 
(1)   Reflects $146 million of purchased credit impaired securities (October 31, 2023 – $149 million).
(2)   Investment securities at FVOCI not subject to impairment represent equity securities designated as FVOCI.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   71
 
Note 5 Loans and allowance for credit losses
 
Allowance for credit losses
 
     For the three months ended  
   
July 31, 2024
        July 31, 2023  
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Balance at
beginning
of period
   
Provision
for credit
losses
   
Net
write-offs
   
Exchange
rate and
other
   
Balance at
end of
period
         Balance at
beginning
of period
    Provision
for credit
losses
    Net
write-offs
    Exchange
rate and
other
    Balance at
end of
period
 
Retail
                     
Residential mortgages
 
$
569
 
 
$
36
 
 
$
(2
)
 
$
(4
)
 
$
599
 
    $ 480     $ (5 )    $ (4 )    $ (8 )    $ 463  
Personal
 
 
1,371
 
 
 
188
 
 
 
(154
)
 
 
(8
)
 
 
1,397
 
      1,165       97       (106 )      (4 )      1,152  
Credit cards
 
 
1,139
 
 
 
169
 
 
 
(155
)
 
 
3
 
 
 
1,156
 
      980       154       (117 )      –       1,017  
Small business
 
 
230
 
 
 
46
 
 
 
(24
)
 
 
(6
)
 
 
246
 
      225       23       (11 )      (2 )      235  
Wholesale
 
 
2,714
 
 
 
246
 
 
 
(202
)
 
 
(50
)
 
 
2,708
 
      1,886       349       (117 )      (67 )      2,051  
Customers’ liability under acceptances
 
 
51
 
 
 
(20
)
 
 
–
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
32
 
        41       1       –       (1 )      41  
   
$
 6,074
 
 
$
 
665
 
 
$
 
(537
)
 
$
 
(64
)
 
$
 6,138
 
      $  4,777     $  619     $  (355 )    $ (82 )    $  4,959  
Presented as:
                     
Allowance for loan losses
 
$
5,715
 
       
$
5,798
 
    $ 4,332           $ 4,495  
Other liabilities – Provisions
 
 
302
 
       
 
303
 
      397             416  
Customers’ liability under acceptances
 
 
51
 
       
 
32
 
      41             41  
Other components of equity
 
 
6
 
                         
 
5
 
        7                               7  
                                                                 
     For the nine months ended  
   
July 31, 2024
        July 31, 2023  
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Balance at
beginning
of period
   
Provision
for credit
losses
   
Net
write-offs
   
Exchange
rate and
other
   
Balance at
end of
period
         Balance at
beginning
of period
    Provision
for credit
losses
   
Net
write-offs
    Exchange
rate and
other
    Balance at
end of
period
 
Retail
                     
Residential mortgages
 
$
481
 
 
$
138
 
 
$
(8
)
 
$
(12
)
 
$
599
 
    $ 432     $ 57     $ (13 )    $ (13 )    $ 463  
Personal
 
 
1,228
 
 
 
603
 
 
 
(427
)
 
 
(7
)
 
 
1,397
 
      1,043       402       (287 )      (6 )      1,152  
Credit cards
 
 
1,069
 
 
 
575
 
 
 
(490
)
 
 
2
 
 
1,156
 
      893       459       (334 )      (1 )      1,017  
Small business
 
 
194
 
 
 
122
 
 
 
(58
)
 
 
(12
)
 
 
246
 
      194       70       (27 )      (2 )      235  
Wholesale
 
 
2,326
 
 
 
980
 
 
 
(484
)
 
 
(114
)
 
 
2,708
 
      1,574       779       (188 )      (114 )      2,051  
Customers’ liability under acceptances
 
 
50
 
 
 
(19
)
 
 
–
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
32
 
        45       (4 )      –       –       41  
   
$
 5,348
 
 
$
 2,399
 
 
$
 (1,467
)
 
$
 (142
)
 
$
 6,138
 
      $  4,181     $  1,763     $  (849 )    $ (136 )    $  4,959  
Presented as:
                     
Allowance for loan losses
 
$
5,004
 
       
$
5,798
 
    $ 3,753           $ 4,495  
Other liabilities – Provisions
 
 
288
 
       
 
303
 
      378             416  
Customers’ liability under acceptances
 
 
50
 
       
 
32
 
      45             41  
Other components of equity
 
 
6
 
                         
 
5
 
        5                               7  
The following table reconciles the opening and closing allowance for each major product of loans and commitments as determined by our modelled, scenario-weighted allowance and the application of expert credit judgment as applicable. Reconciling items include the following:
•  
Transfers between stages, which are presumed to occur before any corresponding remeasurements of the allowance.
•  
Originations, which reflect the allowance related to assets newly recognized during the period, including those assets that were derecognized following a modification of terms.
•  
Maturities, which reflect the allowance related to assets derecognized during the period without a credit loss being incurred, including those assets that were derecognized following a modification of terms.
•  
Changes in risk, parameters and exposures, which comprise the impact of changes in model inputs or assumptions, including changes in forward-looking macroeconomic conditions; partial repayments and additional draws on existing facilities; changes in the measurement following a transfer between stages; and unwinding of the time value discount due to the passage of time in stage 1 and stage 2.

72   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Note 5 Loans and allowance for credit losses
(continued)
 
 
Allowance for credit losses – Retail and wholesale loans

 

  
 
For the three months ended
 
 
 
July 31, 2024
 
 
 
 
July 31, 2023
 
 
 
Performing
 
 
 
 
Impaired
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performing
 
 
 
 
Impaired
 
 
 
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
Stage 1
 
 
Stage 2
 
 
  
 
Stage 3
 
 
Total
 
 
  
 
Stage 1
 
 
Stage 2
 
 
  
 
Stage 3
 
 
Total
 
Residential mortgages
                     
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
 
245
 
 
$
118
 
   
$
206
 
 
$
569
 
    $ 238     $ 103       $ 139     $ 480  
Provision for credit losses
                     
Transfers to stage 1
 
 
39
 
 
 
(37
)
   
 
(2
)
 
 
–
 
      38       (38 )        –       –  
Transfers to stage 2
 
 
(8
)
 
 
8
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      (4 )      6         (2 )      –  
Transfers to stage 3
 
 
(2
)
 
 
(13
)
   
 
15
 
 
 
–
 
      –       (4 )        4       –  
Originations
 
 
21
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
21
 
      22       –         –       22  
Maturities
 
 
(5
)
 
 
(6
)
   
 
–
 
 
 
(11
)
      (4 )      (4 )        –       (8 ) 
Changes in risk, parameters and exposures
 
 
(66
)
 
 
68
 
   
 
24
 
 
 
26
 
      (63 )      29         15       (19 ) 
Write-offs
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
(6
)
 
 
(6
)
      –       –         (7 )      (7 ) 
Recoveries
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
4
 
 
 
4
 
      –       –         3       3  
Exchange rate and other
 
 
(1
)
 
 
1
 
 
 
 
 
(4
)
 
 
(4
)
 
 
    –       (2 )   
 
    (6 )      (8 ) 
Balance at end of period
 
$
223
 
 
$
139
 
 
 
 
$
237
 
 
$
599
 
 
 
  $ 227     $ 90    
 
  $ 146     $ 463  
Personal
                     
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
296
 
 
$
887
 
   
$
188
 
 
$
1,371
 
    $ 298     $ 747       $ 120     $ 1,165  
Provision for credit losses
                     
Transfers to stage 1
 
 
149
 
 
 
(148
)
   
 
(1
)
 
 
–
 
      177       (177 )        –       –  
Transfers to stage 2
 
 
(17
)
 
 
18
 
   
 
(1
)
 
 
–
 
      (20 )      21         (1 )      –  
Transfers to stage 3
 
 
(2
)
 
 
(36
)
   
 
38
 
 
 
–
 
      –       (13 )        13       –  
Originations
 
 
27
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
27
 
      31       –         –       31  
Maturities
 
 
(12
)
 
 
(48
)
   
 
–
 
 
 
(60
)
      (10 )      (32 )        –       (42 ) 
Changes in risk, parameters and exposures
 
 
(141
)
 
 
226
 
   
 
136
 
 
 
221
 
      (182 )      189         101       108  
Write-offs
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
(190
)
 
 
(190
)
      –       –         (135 )      (135 ) 
Recoveries
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
36
 
 
 
36
 
      –       –         29       29  
Exchange rate and other
 
 
3
 
 
 
(4
)
 
 
 
 
(7
)
 
 
(8
)
 
 
    (2 )      1    
 
    (3 )      (4 ) 
Balance at end of period
 
$
303
 
 
$
895
 
 
 
 
$
199
 
 
$
1,397
 
 
 
  $ 292     $ 736    
 
  $ 124     $ 1,152  
Credit cards
                     
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
192
 
 
$
947
 
   
$
–
 
 
$
1,139
 
    $ 199     $ 781       $ –     $ 980  
Provision for credit losses
                     
Transfers to stage 1
 
 
151
 
 
 
(151
)
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      120       (120 )        –       –  
Transfers to stage 2
 
 
(26
)
 
 
26
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      (31 )      31         –       –  
Transfers to stage 3
 
 
(1
)
 
 
(127
)
   
 
128
 
 
 
–
 
      –       (103 )        103       –  
Originations
 
 
10
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
10
 
      3       –         –       3  
Maturities
 
 
(1
)
 
 
(15
)
   
 
–
 
 
 
(16
)
      (3 )      (9 )        –       (12 ) 
Changes in risk, parameters and exposures
 
 
(123
)
 
 
270
 
   
 
28
 
 
 
175
 
      (92 )      241         14       163  
Write-offs
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
(210
)
 
 
(210
)
      –       –         (164 )      (164 ) 
Recoveries
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
55
 
 
 
55
 
      –       –         47       47  
Exchange rate and other
 
 
2
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
 
 
(1
)
 
 
3
 
 
 
    –       –    
 
    –       –  
Balance at end of period
 
$
204
 
 
$
952
 
 
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
1,156
 
 
 
  $ 196     $ 821    
 
  $ –     $ 1,017  
Small business
                     
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
74
 
 
$
78
 
   
$
78
 
 
$
230
 
    $ 76     $ 79       $ 70     $ 225  
Provision for credit losses
                     
Transfers to stage 1
 
 
15
 
 
 
(15
)
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      9       (9 )        –       –  
Transfers to stage 2
 
 
(5
)
 
 
5
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      (4 )      4         –       –  
Transfers to stage 3
 
 
–
 
 
 
(1
)
   
 
1
 
 
 
–
 
      1       (3 )        2       –  
Originations
 
 
11
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
11
 
      12       –         –       12  
Maturities
 
 
(5
)
 
 
(5
)
   
 
–
 
 
 
(10
)
      (4 )      (4 )        –       (8 ) 
Changes in risk, parameters and exposures
 
 
(10
)
 
 
14
 
   
 
41
 
 
 
45
 
      (13 )      11         21       19  
Write-offs
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
(27
)
 
 
(27
)
      –       –         (14 )      (14 ) 
Recoveries
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
3
 
 
 
3
 
      –       –         3       3  
Exchange rate and other
 
 
–
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
 
 
(7
)
 
 
(6
)
 
 
    1       –    
 
    (3 )      (2 ) 
Balance at end of period
 
$
80
 
 
$
77
 
 
 
 
$
89
 
 
$
246
 
 
 
  $ 78     $ 78    
 
  $ 79     $ 235  
Wholesale
                     
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
757
 
 
$
924
 
   
$
1,033
 
 
$
2,714
 
    $ 668     $ 632       $ 586     $ 1,886  
Provision for credit losses
                     
Transfers to stage 1
 
 
101
 
 
 
(101
)
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      45       (44 )        (1 )      –  
Transfers to stage 2
 
 
(26
)
 
 
29
 
   
 
(3
)
 
 
–
 
      (28 )      29         (1 )      –  
Transfers to stage 3
 
 
(1
)
 
 
(7
)
   
 
8
 
 
 
–
 
      (3 )      (17 )        20       –  
Originations
 
 
150
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
150
 
      169       –         –       169  
Maturities
 
 
(96
)
 
 
(109
)
   
 
–
 
 
 
(205
)
      (129 )      (76 )        –       (205 ) 
Changes in risk, parameters and exposures
 
 
(108
)
 
 
198
 
   
 
211
 
 
 
301
 
      (34 )      208         211       385  
Write-offs
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
(211
)
 
 
(211
)
      –       –         (126 )      (126 ) 
Recoveries
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
9
 
 
 
9
 
      –       –         9       9  
Exchange rate and other
 
 
1
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
 
 
(52
)
 
 
(50
)
 
 
    (10 )      (10 )   
 
    (47 )      (67 ) 
Balance at end of period
 
$
  778
 
 
$
  935
 
 
 
 
$
  995
 
 
$
  2,708
 
 
 
  $   678     $   722    
 
  $   651     $   2,051  

Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   73

 
 

  
 
For the nine months ended
 
 
 
July 31, 2024
 
 
 
 
July 31, 2023
 
 
 
Performing
 
 
 
 
Impaired
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Performing
 
 
 
 
Impaired
 
 
 
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
Stage 1
 
 
Stage 2
 
 
  
 
Stage 3
 
 
Total
 
 
  
 
Stage 1
 
 
Stage 2
 
 
  
 
Stage 3
 
 
Total
 
Residential mortgages
                     
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
223
 
 
$
90
 
   
$
168
 
 
$
481
 
    $ 235     $ 65       $ 132     $ 432  
Provision for credit losses
                     
Transfers to stage 1
 
 
72
 
 
 
(70
)
   
 
(2
) 
 
 
–
 
      70       (70 )        –       –  
Transfers to stage 2
 
 
(18
) 
 
 
26
 
   
 
(8
) 
 
 
–
 
      (23 )      31         (8 )      –  
Transfers to stage 3
 
 
(4
) 
 
 
(29
) 
   
 
33
 
 
 
–
 
      (1 )      (9 )        10       –  
Originations
(1)
 
 
72
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
72
 
      65       –         –       65  
Maturities
 
 
(13
) 
 
 
(13
) 
   
 
–
 
 
 
(26
) 
      (12 )      (6 )        –       (18 ) 
Changes in risk, parameters and exposures
 
 
(110
)
 
 
135
 
   
 
67
 
 
 
92
 
      (107 )      80         37       10  
Write-offs
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
(17
) 
 
 
(17
) 
      –       –         (23 )      (23 ) 
Recoveries
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
9
 
 
 
9
 
      –       –         10       10  
Exchange rate and other
 
 
1
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
(13
) 
 
 
(12
)
 
 
    –       (1 )   
 
    (12 )      (13 ) 
Balance at end of period
 
$
223
 
 
$
139
 
 
 
 
$
237
 
 
$
599
 
 
 
  $ 227     $ 90    
 
  $ 146     $ 463  
Personal
                     
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
280
 
 
$
793
 
   
$
155
 
 
$
1,228
 
    $ 285     $ 661       $ 97     $ 1,043  
Provision for credit losses
                     
Transfers to stage 1
 
 
408
 
 
 
(407
) 
   
 
(1
) 
 
 
–
 
      474       (473 )        (1 )      –  
Transfers to stage 2
 
 
(54
) 
 
 
57
 
   
 
(3
) 
 
 
–
 
      (63 )      65         (2 )      –  
Transfers to stage 3
 
 
(3
)
 
 
(95
)
   
 
98
 
 
 
–
 
      (1 )      (38 )        39       –  
Originations
(1)
 
 
88
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
88
 
      79       –         –       79  
Maturities
 
 
(33
) 
 
 
(134
) 
   
 
–
 
 
 
(167
) 
      (32 )      (82 )        –       (114 ) 
Changes in risk, parameters and exposures
 
 
(383
) 
 
 
681
 
   
 
384
 
 
 
682
 
      (450 )      604         283       437  
Write-offs
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
(525
) 
 
 
(525
) 
      –       –         (371 )      (371 ) 
Recoveries
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
98
 
 
 
98
 
      –       –         84       84  
Exchange rate and other
 
 
–
 
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
(7
) 
 
 
(7
) 
 
 
    –       (1 )   
 
    (5 )      (6 ) 
Balance at end of period
 
$
303
 
 
$
895
 
 
 
 
$
199
 
 
$
1,397
 
 
 
  $ 292     $ 736    
 
  $ 124     $ 1,152  
Credit cards
                     
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
203
 
 
$
866
 
   
$
–
 
 
$
1,069
 
    $ 177     $ 716       $ –     $ 893  
Provision for credit losses
                     
Transfers to stage 1
 
 
426
 
 
 
(426
)
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      409       (409 )        –       –  
Transfers to stage 2
 
 
(81
) 
 
 
81
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      (73 )      73         –       –  
Transfers to stage 3
 
 
(2
) 
 
 
(353
) 
   
 
355
 
 
 
–
 
      (1 )      (295 )        296       –  
Originations
(1)
 
 
23
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
23
 
      10       –         –       10  
Maturities
 
 
(3
)
 
 
(36
)
   
 
–
 
 
 
(39
) 
      (5 )      (24 )        –       (29 ) 
Changes in risk, parameters and exposures
 
 
(364
)
 
 
819
 
   
 
136
 
 
 
591
 
      (320 )      760         38       478  
Write-offs
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
(670
) 
 
 
(670
) 
      –       –         (465 )      (465 ) 
Recoveries
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
180
 
 
 
180
 
      –       –         131       131  
Exchange rate and other
 
 
2
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
2
 
 
    (1 )      –    
 
    –       (1 ) 
Balance at end of period
 
$
204
 
 
$
952
 
 
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
1,156
 
 
 
  $ 196     $ 821    
 
  $ –     $ 1,017  
Small business
                     
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
70
 
 
$
66
 
   
$
58
 
 
$
194
 
    $ 73     $ 73       $ 48     $ 194  
Provision for credit losses
                     
Transfers to stage 1
 
 
27
 
 
 
(27
) 
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      27       (27 )        –       –  
Transfers to stage 2
 
 
(14
) 
 
 
14
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      (11 )      11         –       –  
Transfers to stage 3
 
 
–
 
 
 
(6
) 
   
 
6
 
 
 
–
 
      –       (7 )        7       –  
Originations
(1)
 
 
31
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
31
 
      28       –         –       28  
Maturities
 
 
(12
) 
 
 
(15
) 
   
 
–
 
 
 
(27
) 
      (11 )      (14 )        –       (25 ) 
Changes in risk, parameters and exposures
 
 
(23
) 
 
 
44
 
   
 
97
 
 
 
118
 
      (31 )      39         59       67  
Write-offs
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
(67
) 
 
 
(67
) 
      –       –         (35 )      (35 ) 
Recoveries
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
9
 
 
 
9
 
      –       –         8       8  
Exchange rate and other
 
 
1
 
 
 
1

 
 
 
 
 
(14
) 
 
 
(12
) 
 
 
    3       3    
 
    (8 )      (2 ) 
Balance at end of period
 
$
80
 
 
$
77
 
 
 
 
$
89
 
 
$
246
 
 
 
  $ 78     $ 78    
 
  $ 79     $ 235  
Wholesale
                     
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
774
 
 
$
785
 
   
$
767
 
 
$
2,326
 
    $ 597     $ 585       $ 392     $ 1,574  
Provision for credit losses
                     
Transfers to stage 1
 
 
203
 
 
 
(202
)
   
 
(1
) 
 
 
–
 
      145       (144 )        (1 )      –  
Transfers to stage 2
 
 
(121
) 
 
 
128
 
   
 
(7
) 
 
 
–
 
      (63 )      65         (2 )      –  
Transfers to stage 3
 
 
(5
) 
 
 
(54
) 
   
 
59
 
 
 
–
 
      (7 )      (44 )        51       –  
Originations
(1)
 
 
519
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
–
 
 
 
519
 
      481       –         –       481  
Maturities
 
 
(288
)
 
 
(291
)
   
 
–
 
 
 
(579
)
      (345 )      (205 )        –       (550 ) 
Changes in risk, parameters and exposures
 
 
(299
)
 
 
572
 
   
 
767
 
 
 
1,040
 
      (120 )      477         491       848  
Write-offs
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
(521
) 
 
 
(521
) 
      –       –         (212 )      (212 ) 
Recoveries
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
37
 
 
 
37
 
      –       –         24       24  
Exchange rate and other
 
 
(5
) 
 
 
(3
) 
 
 
 
 
(106
) 
 
 
(114
) 
 
 
    (10 )      (12 )   
 
    (92 )      (114 ) 
Balance at end of period
 
$
  778
 
 
$
  935
 
 
 
 
$
  995
 
 
$
  2,708
 
 
 
  $   678     $   722    
 
  $   651     $   2,051  
 
(1)   Includes the impact of the HSBC Canada transaction. Refer to Note 6 for further details.

74   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Note 5 Loans and allowance for credit losses
(continued)
 
 
Key inputs and assumptions
The following provides an update on the key inputs and assumptions used in the measurement of expected credit losses. For further details, refer to Note 2 and Note 5 of our audited 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements.
Our base scenario reflects rising unemployment rates in the near-term in Canada and over the medium-term in the U.S. Central bank policy interest rate cuts are expected to continue in Canada as inflation continues to decline towards target levels and to begin at the end of calendar Q3 2024 in the U.S. due to weaker growth and declining inflation.
Downside scenarios, including two additional and more severe downside scenarios designed for the energy and real estate sectors, reflect the possibility of a more severe macroeconomic shock beginning in calendar Q4 2024 relative to our base scenario. In these scenarios, conditions are expected to deteriorate from calendar Q3 2024 levels for up to 18 months, followed by a recovery for the remainder of the period. These scenarios assume monetary policy responses that return the economy to a long-run, sustainable growth rate within the forecast period.
The upside scenario reflects slightly stronger economic growth than the base scenario, without prompting a further offsetting monetary policy response as compared to our base scenario, followed by a return to a long-run sustainable growth rate within the forecast period.
We reduced weight to our downside scenarios relative to October 31, 2023 in order to reflect reduced uncertainty surrounding timing of interest rate reductions as reflected in our base scenario relative to prolonged elevated interest rate levels reflected in our downside scenarios.
The following provides additional detail about our calendar quarter forecasts for certain key macroeconomic variables used in the models to estimate the allowance for credit losses:
 
•  
Unemployment rates
– In our base forecast, we expect the Canadian unemployment rate to rise to 6.6% by calendar Q
3
 2024, peaking at 6.7% in calendar Q
4
2024 and returning to its long run equilibrium level by
calend
a
r Q1
 202
7
. The U.S. unemployment rate is expected to
remain at
4.1%
in
calendar Q
3
2024,
then increase
to its long run equilibrium level by calendar Q3 2026.
 
 
 
•  
Gross Domestic Product (GDP
)
– In our base forecast, we expect both Canadian and U.S. GDP to continuously grow in calendar Q
3
2024 and thereafter. GDP in calendar Q4 2024 is expected to be 1.5% and 1.3% above Q4 2023 levels in Canada and the U.S., respectively.
 
 

Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   75
 

•  
Oil price (West Texas Intermediate in US$)
– In our base forecast, we expect oil prices to average $77 per barrel over the next 12 months from calendar Q
3
2024 and $66 per barrel in the following 2 to 5 years. The range of average prices in our alternative downside and upside scenarios is $28 to $99 per barrel for the next 12 months and $42 to $72 per barrel for the following 2 to 5 years. As at October 31, 2023, our base forecast included an average price of $81 per barrel for the next 12 months and $67 per barrel for the following 2 to 5 years.
 
•  
Canadian housing price index
– In our base forecast, we expect housing prices to increase by 1.7% over the next 12 months from calendar Q
3
2024, with a compound annual growth rate of 3.2% for the following 2 to 5 years. The range of annual housing price growth (contraction) in our alternative real estate downside and upside scenarios is (30.0)% to 10.9% over the next 12 months and 4.2% to 9.6% for the following 2 to 5 years. As at October 31, 2023, our base forecast included housing price growth of 1.6% for the next 12 months and 5.0% for the following 2 to 5 years.

76   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Note 5 Loans and allowance for credit losses
(continued)
 
 
Credit risk exposure by internal risk rating
The following table presents the gross carrying amount of loans measured at amortized cost, and the full contractual amount of undrawn loan commitments subject to the impairment requirements of IFRS 9
Financial Instruments
. Risk ratings are based on internal ratings used in the measurement of expected credit losses as at the reporting date, as outlined in the internal ratings maps for Wholesale and Retail facilities in the Credit risk section of our 2023 Annual Report.
 
    
As at           
 
   
July 31, 2024
       
October 31, 2023
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Stage 1
   
Stage 2
   
Stage 3 
(1)
   
Total
         Stage 1     Stage 2     Stage 3 (1)     Total  
Retail
                 
Loans outstanding – Residential mortgages
                 
Low risk
 
$
385,811
 
 
$
1,901
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
387,712
 
    $ 349,001     $ 1,630     $ –     $ 350,631  
Medium risk
 
 
17,571
 
 
 
4,694
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
22,265
 
      19,126       1,610       –       20,736  
High risk
 
 
1,606
 
 
 
6,280
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
7,886
 
      1,582       4,927       –       6,509  
Not rated
(2)
 
 
52,620
 
 
 
1,417
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
54,037
 
      54,247       1,220       –       55,467  
Impaired
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,102
 
 
 
1,102
 
        –       –       682       682  
   
 
457,608
 
 
 
14,292
 
 
 
1,102
 
 
 
473,002
 
        423,956       9,387       682       434,025  
Items not subject to impairment
(3)
                         
 
638
 
                                476  
Total
                         
$
473,640
 
                              $ 434,501  
Loans outstanding – Personal
                 
Low risk
 
$
80,735
 
 
$
1,682
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
82,417
 
    $ 75,572     $ 1,676     $ –     $ 77,248  
Medium risk
 
 
6,079
 
 
 
2,913
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
8,992
 
      5,587       2,915       –       8,502  
High risk
 
 
585
 
 
 
2,190
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,775
 
      477       2,088       –       2,565  
Not rated
(2)
 
 
10,580
 
 
 
418
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
10,998
 
      9,982       157       –       10,139  
Impaired
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
406
 
 
 
406
 
        –       –       280       280  
Total
 
$
97,979
 
 
$
7,203
 
 
$
406
 
 
$
105,588
 
      $ 91,618     $ 6,836     $ 280     $ 98,734  
Loans outstanding – Credit cards
                 
Low risk
 
$
17,217
 
 
$
159
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
17,376
 
    $ 16,331     $ 135     $ –     $ 16,466  
Medium risk
 
 
2,009
 
 
 
2,257
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
4,266
 
      1,771       2,132       –       3,903  
High risk
 
 
74
 
 
 
2,077
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,151
 
      41       1,734       –       1,775  
Not rated
(2)
 
 
1,153
 
 
 
51
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,204
 
        856       35       –       891  
Total
 
$
20,453
 
 
$
4,544
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
24,997
 
      $ 18,999     $ 4,036     $ –     $ 23,035  
Loans outstanding – Small business
                 
Low risk
 
$
9,542
 
 
$
800
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
10,342
 
    $ 8,641     $ 920     $ –     $ 9,561  
Medium risk
 
 
2,609
 
 
 
903
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
3,512
 
      2,238       936       –       3,174  
High risk
 
 
178
 
 
 
898
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,076
 
      99       592       –       691  
Not rated
(2)
 
 
5
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
5
 
      11       –       –       11  
Impaired
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
292
 
 
 
292
 
        –       –       244       244  
Total
 
$
12,334
 
 
$
2,601
 
 
$
292
 
 
$
15,227
 
      $ 10,989     $ 2,448     $ 244     $ 13,681  
Undrawn loan commitments – Retail
                 
Low risk
 
$
285,812
 
 
$
721
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
286,533
 
    $ 266,209     $ 610     $ –     $ 266,819  
Medium risk
 
 
12,011
 
 
 
359
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
12,370
 
      10,759       298       –       11,057  
High risk
 
 
922
 
 
 
535
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,457
 
      956       434       –       1,390  
Not rated
(2)
 
 
7,284
 
 
 
34
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
7,318
 
        6,686       138       –       6,824  
Total
 
$
306,029
 
 
$
1,649
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
307,678
 
      $ 284,610     $ 1,480     $ –     $ 286,090  
Wholesale – Loans outstanding
                 
Investment grade
 
$
114,675
 
 
$
1,494
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
116,169
 
    $ 89,037     $ 416     $ –     $ 89,453  
Non-investment grade
 
 
189,433
 
 
 
24,773
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
214,206
 
      156,211       19,210       –       175,421  
Not rated
(2)
 
 
11,822
 
 
 
841
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
12,663
 
      10,968       238       –       11,206  
Impaired
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
3,885
 
 
 
3,885
 
        –       –       2,498       2,498  
   
 
315,930
 
 
 
27,108
 
 
 
3,885
 
 
 
346,923
 
        256,216       19,864         2,498       278,578  
Items not subject to impairment
(3)
                         
 
11,220
 
                                9,248  
Total
                         
$
358,143
 
                              $ 287,826  
Undrawn loan commitments – Wholesale
                 
Investment grade
 
$
337,002
 
 
$
436
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
337,438
 
    $ 312,178     $ 186     $ –     $ 312,364  
Non-investment grade
 
 
150,933
 
 
 
13,505
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
164,438
 
      130,994       13,947       –       144,941  
Not rated
(2)
 
 
3,600
 
 
 
12
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
3,612
 
        4,176       –       –       4,176  
Total
 
$
491,535
 
 
$
13,953
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
505,488
 
      $  447,348     $  14,133     $ –     $  461,481  
 
(1)   Includes $124 million of purchased credit-impaired loans acquired in the HSBC Canada transaction.
(2)   In certain cases where an internal risk rating is not assigned, we use other approved credit risk assessment or rating methodologies, policies and tools to manage our credit risk.
(3)   Items not subject to impairment are loans held at FVTPL.
Loans past due but not impaired
(1), (2)
 
     As at        
   
July 31, 2024
        October 31, 2023  
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
30 to 89 days
   
90 days
and greater
   
Total
         30 to 89 days     90 days
and greater
    Total  
Retail
 
$
2,335
 
 
$
250
 
 
$
2,585
 
    $ 1,840     $ 208     $ 2,048  
Wholesale
 
 
1,278
 
 
 
57
 
 
 
1,335
 
        1,823       49       1,872  
   
$
3,613
 
 
$
307
 
 
$
3,920
 
      $ 3,663     $ 257     $   3,920  
 
(1)   Excludes loans less than 30 days past due as they are not generally representative of the borrowers’ ability to meet their payment obligations.
(2)   Amounts presented may include loans past due as a result of administrative processes, such as mortgage loans on which payments are restrained pending payout due to sale or refinancing, which can fluctuate based on business volumes. Past due loans arising from administrative processes are not representative of the borrowers’ ability to meet their payment obligations.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   77
 
Note 6 Significant acquisition and disposition
 
Acquisition
HSBC Bank Canada
On March 28, 2024, we completed the acquisition of HSBC Bank Canada (HSBC Canada). The acquisition of HSBC Canada (the HSBC Canada transaction) gives us the opportunity to enhance our existing businesses in line with our strategic goals and better positions us to be the bank of choice for commercial clients with international needs, newcomers to Canada and globally connected clients. HSBC Canada results have been consolidated from the closing date and are included in our Personal & Commercial Banking, Wealth Management and Capital Markets segments.
Total consideration of $15.5 billion in cash included $13.5 billion for 100% of the common shares of HSBC Canada, $2.1 billion for the preferred shares and subordinated debt held directly or indirectly by HSBC Holdings plc, $(0.5) billion for the settlement of
pre-existing
relationships with HSBC Canada and $0.4 billion for an additional amount that accrued from August 30, 2023 to the closing date. This additional amount was calculated based on the $13.5 billion
all-cash
purchase price for the common shares of HSBC Canada and the Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average. Relatedly, under a locked box mechanism, HSBC Canada’s earnings from June 30, 2022 to the closing date accrued to RBC and were reflected in the acquired net assets on closing.
Based on the estimated fair values, our preliminary purchase price allocation assign
ed
 $108.1 billion to assets and $99.1 billion to liabilities on the acquisition date. Goodwill of $6.4 billion reflects the expected expense synergies from our Personal & Commercial Banking, Wealth Management and Capital Markets operations, expected growth of the platforms, and the ability to cross-sell products between segments. Goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
The following table presents the estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as at the acquisition date. The estimates for the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed may be retroactively adjusted to reflect new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as at the acquisition date during the measurement period.
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts)  
Percentage of shares acquired
  
 
100%
 
Purchase consideration
  
$
 15,488
 
Fair value of identifiable assets acquired
  
Cash and due from banks
  
$
2,772
 
Securities
  
Trading
  
 
1,110
 
Investment
  
 
21,305
 
Loans
(1)
  
Retail
(2)
  
 
35,353
 
Wholesale
  
 
39,408
 
Derivatives
  
 
3,365
 
Intangible assets
(3)
  
 
2,402
 
Other
(4)
  
 
2,405
 
Total fair value of identifiable assets acquired
  
$
 108,120
 
Fair value of identifiable liabilities assumed
  
Deposits
  
Personal
  
 
42,037
 
Business and government
(2)
  
 
44,065
 
Bank
  
 
124
 
Obligations related to assets sold under repurchase agreements and securities loaned
  
 
5,664
 
Derivatives
  
 
3,541
 
Other
(5)
  
 
3,639
 
Total fair value of identifiable liabilities assumed
  
$
99,070
 
Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired
  
$
9,050
 
Goodwill
  
 
6,438
 
Total purchase consideration
  
$
15,488
 
 
(1)   The fair value of loans reflects estimates of incurred and expected future credit losses as at the acquisition date and interest rate premiums or discounts relative to prevailing market rates. As at March 28, 2024, the gross contractual value of the loans is $75,920 million. The estimate of contractual cash flows not expected to be collected is $587 million, of which $147 million relates to purchased credit-impaired loans.
(2)   Loans – Retail includes $1.7 billion of Canadian residential mortgages sold with recourse to a mutual fund that do not qualify for derecognition, and Deposits – Business and government includes $1.7 billion of the related secured borrowing liability.
(3)   Intangible assets include $1,973 million of core deposit intangibles and $110 million of customer relationships, which are amortized on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives of 7 years, and $319 million of mutual fund management contracts with indefinite useful lives.
(4)   Includes Assets purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and securities borrowed, Customers’ liability under acceptances, and Other assets.
(5)   Includes Acceptances, Obligations related to securities sold short, and Other liabilities.

78   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Note 6 Significant acquisition and disposition
(continued)
 
 
Since
the acquisition date, the HSBC Canada transaction contributed revenue of $973 million and net
income
of $188 million to RBC’s consolidated results. The net
income
of $188 million includes initial PCL on purchased performing financial assets of $200
million
 
($145 million
after-tax).
Assuming we acquired HSBC Canada on November 1, 2023, using the same fair value estimates and not reflecting any potential synergies, we estimate that RBC’s consolidated revenue and net income for the
nine
months ended
July
 3
1
, 2024 would be $43.5 billion and $12.4 billion, respectively.
RBC’s consolidated results include transaction and integration costs of $160 million for the three months ended
July
 3
1
, 2024 and $783 million for the
nine
months ended
July
 3
1
, 2024, recognized in
Non-interest
expense.
Disposition
Wealth Management
On December 1, 2023, we completed the previously announced sale of the RBC Investor Services
®
business in Jersey to CACEIS, the asset servicing banking group of Crédit Agricole S.A. and Banco Santander, S.A. On March 25, 2024, we completed the previously announced sale of the business of the U.K. branch of RBC Investor Services Trust to CACEIS. The transaction did not have a significant impact on our Interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
 
Note 7 Deposits
 
 
  
 
As at           
 
 
 
July 31, 2024
 
 
 
 
October 31, 2023
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
Demand
(1)
 
 
Notice
(2)
 
 
Term
(3)
 
 
Total
 
 
  
 
Demand (1)
 
 
Notice (2)
 
 
Term (3)
 
 
Total
 
Personal
 
$
200,990
 
 
$
60,901
 
 
$
248,651
 
 
$
510,542
 
 
 
$
186,530
 
 
$
57,614
 
 
$
197,802
 
 
$
441,946
 
Business and government
 
 
354,231
 
 
 
19,154
 
 
 
435,995
 
 
 
809,380
 
 
 
 
316,200
 
 
 
19,056
 
 
 
409,819
 
 
 
745,075
 
Bank
 
 
9,064
 
 
 
677
 
 
 
31,602
 
 
 
41,343
 
 
 
 
 
7,996
 
 
 
769
 
 
 
35,901
 
 
 
44,666
 
 
 
$
 564,285
 
 
$
 80,732
 
 
$
 716,248
 
 
$
 1,361,265
 
 
 
 
$
510,726
 
 
$
77,439
 
 
$
643,522
 
 
$
1,231,687
 
Non-interest-bearing
(4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Canada
 
$
141,988
 
 
$
6,604
 
 
$
190
 
 
$
148,782
 
 
 
$
132,994
 
 
$
6,107
 
 
$
168
 
 
$
139,269
 
United States
 
 
36,139
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
36,139
 
 
 
 
40,646
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
40,646
 
Europe
(5)
 
 
15
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
15
 
 
 
 
17
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
17
 
Other International
 
 
7,673
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
7,673
 
 
 
 
7,265
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
7,265
 
Interest-bearing
(4)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Canada
 
 
347,652
 
 
 
14,320
 
 
 
575,076
 
 
 
937,048
 
 
 
 
302,746
 
 
 
14,641
 
 
 
493,347
 
 
 
810,734
 
United States
 
 
20,974
 
 
 
58,829
 
 
 
71,272
 
 
 
151,075
 
 
 
 
16,210
 
 
 
55,895
 
 
 
78,837
 
 
 
150,942
 
Europe
(5)
 
 
4,193
 
 
 
905
 
 
 
50,036
 
 
 
55,134
 
 
 
 
5,353
 
 
 
726
 
 
 
51,812
 
 
 
57,891
 
Other International
 
 
5,651
 
 
 
74
 
 
 
19,674
 
 
 
25,399
 
 
 
 
 
5,495
 
 
 
70
 
 
 
19,358
 
 
 
24,923
 
 
 
$
 564,285
 
 
$
 80,732
 
 
$
 716,248
 
 
$
 1,361,265
 
 
 
 
$
 510,726
 
 
$
 77,439
 
 
$
 643,522
 
 
$
 1,231,687
 
 
(1)   Demand deposits are deposits for which we do not have the right to require notice of withdrawal, which include both savings and chequing accounts.
(2)   Notice deposits are deposits for which we can legally require notice of withdrawal. These deposits are primarily savings accounts.
(3)   Term deposits are deposits payable on a fixed date, and include term deposits, guaranteed investment certificates and similar instruments.
(4)   The geographical splits of the deposits are based on the point of origin of the deposits and where the revenue is recognized. As at July 31, 2024, deposits denominated in U.S. dollars, British pounds, Euro and other foreign currencies were $476
 billion
, $36
 billion
, $51
billion
and $28
 billion
, respectively (October 31, 2023 – $445 billion, $34 billion, $49 billion and $32 billion, respectively).
(5)   Europe includes the United Kingdom and the Channel Islands.
Contractual maturities of term deposits
(1)
 
  
 
As at     
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
July 31
2024
 
 
October 31
2023
 
Within 1 year:
 
 
less than 3 months
 
$
198,081
 
 
$
182,373
 
3 to 6 months
 
 
99,948
 
 
 
69,868
 
6 to 12 months
 
 
156,531
 
 
 
 151,079
 
1 to 2 years
 
 
82,251
 
 
 
76,232
 
2 to 3 years
 
 
58,623
 
 
 
49,965
 
3 to 4 years
 
 
45,802
 
 
 
36,774
 
4 to 5 years
 
 
24,876
 
 
 
36,506
 
Over 5 years
 
 
50,136
 
 
 
40,725
 
 
 
$
716,248
 
 
$
643,522
 
 
(1)   The aggregate amount of term deposits in denominations of one hundred thousand dollars or more is $644
billion
(October 31, 2023: $586
 
billion
).

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   79
 
Note 8 Insurance and reinsurance
 
Insurance and reinsurance contracts by measurement components
(1)
The following table presents the measurement components of assets and liabilities for insurance contracts issued and reinsurance contracts held by estimates of present value of future cash flows, risk adjustment for
non-financial
risk and CSM. These contracts are presented on a portfolio basis such that portfolios of contracts that are in an asset position are presented separately from those that are in a liability position. Financial assets held in support of the insurance and reinsurance contracts are not reflected in this table.
 
            As at    
   
July 31, 2024
        October 31, 2023  
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Estimates of
present value
of future
cash flows
   
Risk
adjustment for
non-financial

risk
   
CSM
   
Total
         Estimates of
present value
of future
cash flows
    Risk
adjustment for
non-financial

risk
    CSM     Total  
Insurance contract assets
(2)
 
$
1,923
 
 
$
(574
) 
 
$
(592
) 
 
$
757
 
      $ 1,790     $ (544 )    $ (565 )    $ 681  
Insurance contract liabilities 
(3)
                 
Insurance contract liabilities for segregated funds
 
$
(3,065
) 
 
$
(19
) 
 
$
(144
) 
 
$
(3,228
) 
    $ (2,553 )    $ (15 )    $ (64 )    $ (2,632 ) 
Insurance contract liabilities excluding segregated funds
 
 
(13,789
) 
 
 
(1,974
) 
 
 
(2,162
) 
 
 
(17,925
) 
        (11,955 )      (2,308 )      (2,131 )      (16,394 ) 
   
$
(16,854
) 
 
$
(1,993
) 
 
$
(2,306)
 
 
$
(21,153)
 
      $ (14,508 )    $ (2,323 )    $ (2,195 )    $ (19,026 ) 
Reinsurance contract held assets 
(2), (3)
 
$
402
 
 
$
533
 
 
$
    702
 
 
$
   1,637
 
      $ 327     $ 469     $    786     $   1,582  
Reinsurance contract held liabilities 
(4)
 
$
(85
) 
 
$
11
 
 
$
41
 
 
$
(33
) 
      $ (42 )    $ 6     $ 18     $ (18 ) 
CSM for insurance contracts,
net of reinsurance contracts held
                 
$
(2,155
) 
                              $ (1,956 )         
 
(1)   Includes contracts measured using the GMM and VFA that have CSM and contracts measured using the PAA in which CSM is not applicable.
(2)   Presented in Other assets.
(3)   Insurance contract liabilities and reinsurance contract held assets primarily relate to balances for remaining coverage for future services on contracts measured using the GMM or VFA.
(4)   Presented in Other liabilities.
Insurance service and insurance investment results
The following table provides the composition of Insurance service result and Insurance investment result for insurance contracts issued and reinsurance contracts held.
 
  
 
For the three months ended
 
 
For the nine months ended
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
July 31
2024
 
 
July 31
2023 
(1)
 
 
July 31
2024
 
 
July 31
2023 
(1)
 
Insurance service result
       
Insurance revenue
 
$
1,303
 
  $ 1,165    
$
3,755
 
  $ 3,474  
Insurance service expense
 
 
(1,059
)
    (954 )   
 
(3,043
)
    (2,737 ) 
Net income (expense) from reinsurance contracts held
 
 
(30
)
    (62 )   
 
(108
)
    (171 ) 
   
$
214
 
  $ 149    
$
604
 
  $ 566  
Insurance investment result
       
Net investment income
 
$
185
 
  $ 168    
$
2,289
 
  $ 1,331  
Insurance finance income (expense)
 
 
(159
)
    55  
 
(2,155
)
    (1,246 )
Reinsurance finance income (expense)
 
 
2
 
    (72 )  
 
94
 
    7  
   
$
28
 
  $ 151    
$
228
 
  $ 92  
Insurance service and insurance investment results
 
$
242
 
  $ 300    
$
832
 
  $ 658  
 
(1)   The 2023 amounts may not be fully comparable to the current period as we were not managing our asset and liability portfolios under IFRS 17 and Net investment income was not restated for the reclassifications of certain eligible financial assets. Refer to Note 2 for further details.

Table of Contents
80   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Note 9 Employee benefits – Pension and other post-employment benefits
 
We offer a number of defined benefit and defined contribution plans which provide pension and post-employment benefits to eligible employees. The following tables present the composition of our pension and other post-employment benefit expense and the effects of remeasurements recorded in OCI:
Pension and other post-employment benefit expense
 
     For the three months ended  
         Pension plans             
Other post-employment benefit plans
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
July 31
2024
   
July 31
2023
        
July 31
2024
   
July 31
2023
 
Current service costs
 
$
47
 
  $ 48      
$
9
 
  $ 8  
Past service costs
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
   
 
(6
) 
 
 
–
 
Net interest expense (income)
 
 
(37
)
    (40 )     
 
20
 
    19  
Remeasurements of other long-term benefits
 
 
–
 
    –      
 
(5
)
    (1 ) 
Administrative expense
 
 
5
 
    3    
 
 
 
–
 
    –  
Defined benefit pension expense
 
 
15
 
    11      
 
18
 
    26  
Defined contribution pension expense
 
 
115
 
    84    
 
 
 
–
 
    –  
 
 
$
130
 
  $ 95    
 
 
$
18
 
  $ 26  
 
     For the nine months ended  
         Pension plans             
Other post-employment benefit plans
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
July 31
2024
   
July 31
2023
        
July 31
2024
   
July 31
2023
 
Current service costs
 
$
140
 
  $ 146      
$
25
 
  $ 24  
Past service costs
 
 
–
 
    –      
 
(6
) 
    –  
Net interest expense (income)
 
 
(112
)
    (121 )     
 
60
 
    58  
Remeasurements of other long-term benefits
 
 
–
 
    –      
 
4
 
    2  
Administrative expense
 
 
13
 
    9    
 
 
 
–
 
    –  
Defined benefit pension expense
 
 
41
 
    34      
 
83
 
    84  
Defined contribution pension expense
 
 
319
 
    245    
 
 
 
–
 
    –  
 
 
$
360
 
  $ 279    
 
 
$
83
 
  $ 84  
Pension and other post-employment benefit remeasurements
(1)
 
     For the three months ended  
      Defined benefit pension plans          
Other post-employment benefit plans
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
July 31
2024
   
July 31
2023
        
July 31
2024
   
July 31
2023
 
Actuarial (gains) losses:
         
Changes in financial assumptions
(2)
 
$
658
 
  $ (483 )     
$
68
 
  $ (45 ) 
Experience adjustments
 
 
–
 
    1      
 
3
 
    –  
Return on plan assets (excluding interest based on discount rate)
 
 
(785
) 
    313    
 
 
 
–
 
    –  
 
 
$
(127
)
  $ (169 )   
 
 
$
71
 
  $ (45 ) 
 
     For the nine months ended  
     Defined benefit pension plans         
Other post-employment benefit plans
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
July 31
2024
   
July 31
2023
        
July 31
2024
   
July 31
2023
 
Actuarial (gains) losses:
         
Changes in financial assumptions
(2)
 
$
1,381
 
  $ 421      
$
138
 
  $ 45  
Experience adjustments
 
 
–
 
    1      
 
3
 
    (2 ) 
Return on plan assets (excluding interest based on discount rate)
 
 
(1,789
) 
    (248 )   
 
 
 
–
 
    –  
 
 
$
(408
)
  $ 174    
 
 
$
141
 
  $ 43  
 
(1)   Market based assumptions, including Changes in financial assumptions and Return on plan assets, are reviewed on a quarterly basis. All other assumptions are updated during our annual review of plan assumptions.
(2)   Changes in financial assumptions in our defined benefit pension plans primarily relate to changes in discount rates.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   81
 
Note 10 Income taxes
 
Tax examinations and assessments
During the third quarter of 2024, we received a reassessment from the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA), in respect of the 2019 taxation year, which suggested that Royal Bank of Canada owes additional taxes of approximately
 
$
277
 million
as the CRA denied the deductibility of certain dividends. This amount represents the maximum additional taxes owing for that year. The reassessment is consistent with the previously received reassessments as described in Note 22 of our 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements. It is possible that the CRA will reassess us for significant additional income taxes for subsequent years on the same basis. In all cases, we are confident that our tax filing position was appropriate and intend to defend ourselves vigorously.
Pillar Two legislation
The Budget Implementation Act, 2024, No. 1 (the BIA), introduced as Bill C-69 and tabled by the Government of Canada, received Royal Assent and was enacted on June 20, 2024. The BIA includes the Global Minimum Tax Act (the GMTA) which implements into Canadian law certain measures relating to the Organisation for Economic
Co-operation
and Development’s
two-pillar
plan to combat tax base erosion and profit shifting, including a
15%
global minimum corporate tax on certain multinational enterprises (Pillar Two). A number of other countries in which RBC operates have also enacted Pillar Two legislation. The GMTA and corresponding foreign Pillar Two legislation will be effective for our fiscal year beginning November 1, 2024.
Pillar Two income taxes may arise in or in relation to jurisdictions where the operations of RBC have an effective tax rate below 15%. This is anticipated to occur mainly in certain Caribbean and European jurisdictions. Due to the complexities in applying the legislation and continued uncertainty regarding the Pillar Two response of certain jurisdictions in which RBC operates, the full impact of the Pillar Two legislation is not yet reasonably estimable. We continue to actively monitor the legislative developments in this area for each jurisdiction in which RBC operates.
 
Note 11 Significant capital and funding transactions
 
Preferred shares and other equity instruments
On November 7, 2023, we redeemed all 15 thousand of our issued and outstanding
Non-Cumulative
First Preferred Shares Series
C-2
at a redemption price of US$1,000 per share. Concurrently, we redeemed all 615 thousand Series
C-2
depositary shares, each of which represents a
one-fortieth
interest in a Series
C-2
share.
On January 25, 2024, we issued 750 thousand
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Fixed Rate Reset First Preferred Shares Series BU to certain institutional investors, at a price of $1,000 per share, for total gross proceeds of $750 million. For the initial period
to, but excluding,
February 24, 2029, the shares pay semi-annual cash dividends, if declared, at a rate of 7.408% per annum. The dividend rate will reset every fifth year at a rate equal to the
5-year
Government of Canada bond yield plus a premium of 3.90%. Subject to the consent of the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) and the requirements of the
Bank Act
(Canada), we may redeem the Series BU Preferred Shares in whole or in part at par during the period from January 25, 2029, to and including February 24, 2029, and during the period from January 24 to and including February 24 every fifth year thereafter. The shares include
non-viability
contingency capital (NVCC) provisions necessary for them to qualify as Tier 1 regulatory capital under Basel III.
On April 24, 2024, we issued US$1,000 million of Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 4 (LRCN Series 4) with recourse limited to assets (Trust Assets) held by a third-party trustee in a consolidated trust (Limited Recourse Trust). The Trust Assets consist of US$1,000 million of our First Preferred Shares, Series BV (Series BV Preferred Shares), issued concurrently with LRCN Series 4 at a price of US$1,000 per Series BV Preferred Share.
The price per LRCN Series 4 note is US$1,000 and will bear interest paid quarterly at a fixed rate of 7.5% per annum until May 2, 2029 and thereafter at a rate per annum, reset every fifth year, equal to the U.S. Treasury Rate plus 2.887% until maturity on May 2, 2084. In the event of
(i) non-payment
of interest on any interest payment date,
(ii) non-payment
of the redemption price in case of a redemption of LRCN Series 4, (iii)
non-payment
of principal at the maturity of LRCN Series 4, or (iv) an event of default on the notes, noteholders will have recourse only to the Trust Assets and each noteholder will be entitled to receive its pro rata share of the Trust Assets. In such an event, the delivery of the Trust Assets will represent the full and complete extinguishment of our obligations under LRCN Series 4.
LRCN Series 4 are redeemable on or prior to maturity to the extent we redeem Series BV Preferred Shares on certain redemption dates as set out in the terms of Series BV Preferred Shares and subject to the consent and approval of OSFI.
The terms of Series BV Preferred Shares and LRCN Series 4 include NVCC provisions necessary for them to qualify as Tier 1 regulatory capital under Basel III. NVCC provisions require the conversion of the instrument into a variable number of common shares in the event that OSFI deems the Bank
non-viable
or a federal or provincial government in Canada publicly announces that the Bank has accepted or agreed to accept a capital injection. In such an event, LRCN Series 4 will be automatically redeemed and the redemption price will be satisfied by the delivery of the Trust Assets, which will consist of common shares pursuant to an automatic conversion of Series BV Preferred Shares. The terms of Series BV Preferred Shares include an automatic conversion formula with a conversion price based on the greater of: (i) a floor price of $5.00
(subject to adjustment in certain circumstances), and (ii) the current market price of our common shares based on the volume weighted average trading price of our common shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange. The number of common shares issued in respect of each Series BV Preferred Share will be determined by dividing the share value of Series BV Preferred Shares (including declared and unpaid dividends) by the conversion price. The number of common shares delivered to each noteholder will be based on such noteholder’s pro rata interest in the Trust Assets.


82   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Note 11 Significant capital and funding transactions 
(continued)
 
 
LRCN Series 4 are compound instruments with both equity and liability features as payments of interest and principal in cash are made at our discretion.
Non-payment
of interest and principal in cash does not constitute an event of default and will trigger a delivery of Series BV Preferred Shares. The liability component of the notes has a nominal value and, as a result, the full proceeds received have been presented as equity.
On May 24, 2024, we redeemed all 20 million of our issued and outstanding
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Rate Reset First Preferred Shares Series AZ at a
redemption
price of $25.00 per share.
On July 24, 2024, we issued 600 thousand Non-Cumulative 5-Year Fixed Rate Reset First Preferred Shares Series BW to certain institutional investors, at a price of $1,000 per share, for total gross proceeds of $600 million. For the initial period
to, but excluding,
November 24, 2029, the shares pay semi-annual cash dividends, if declared, at a rate of 6.698% per annum. The dividend rate will reset every fifth year at a rate equal to the 5-year Government of Canada bond yield plus a premium of 3.40%. Subject to the consent of OSFI and the requirements of the
Bank Act
(Canada), we may redeem the Series BW Preferred Shares in whole or in part at par during the period from October 24, 2029 to and including November 24, 2029, and during the period from October 24 to and including November 24 every fifth year thereafter. The shares include NVCC provisions necessary for them to qualify as Tier 1 regulatory capital under Basel III.
On August 24, 2024, we redeemed all 20 million of our issued and outstanding
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Rate Reset First Preferred Shares Series BB at a
redemption
price of $25.00 per share.
Subordinated debentures
On April 2, 2024, we issued $2,000 million of NVCC subordinated debentures. The notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.096% per annum until April 3, 2029, and at the Daily Compounded Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average plus 1.56% thereafter until maturity on April 3, 2034.
On July 25, 2024,
we redeemed
all $1,500 million of
our
outstanding
 NVCC
2.740% subordinated
debentures due July 25, 2029 for 100% of their principal amount plus interest accrued to, but excluding, the redemption date.
On July 29, 2024, we issued $1,250 million of NVCC subordinated debentures. The notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.829% per annum until August 8, 2029, and at the Daily Compounded Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average plus 1.55% thereafter until maturity on August 8, 2034.
Common shares issued

 
  
 
For the three months ended
 
 
 
July 31, 2024
 
 
 
 
July 31, 2023
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except number of shares)
 
Number of
shares
(thousands)
 
 
Amount
 
 
  
 
Number of
shares
(thousands)
 
 
Amount
 
Issued in connection with share-based compensation plans
(1)
 
 
683
 
 
$
66
 
      174     $ 16  
Issued in connection with dividend reinvestment plan
(2)
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
      5,355       670  
Purchased for cancellation
(3)
 
 
(480
)
 
 
(7
)
        –       –  
   
 
203
 
 
$
    59
 
        5,529     $   686  
 
     For the nine months ended  
   
July 31, 2024
        July 31, 2023  
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except number of shares)  
Number of
shares
(thousands)
   
Amount
         Number of
shares
(thousands)
    Amount  
Issued in connection with share-based compensation plans
(1)
 
 
1,311
 
 
$
126
 
      678     $ 61  
Issued in connection with dividend reinvestment plan
(2)
 
 
11,850
 
 
 
1,460
 
      9,959       1,291  
Purchased for cancellation
(3)
 
 
(480
)
 
 
(7
)
        –       –  
   
 
12,681
 
 
$
 1,579
 
        10,637     $  1,352  
 
(1)   Amounts include cash received for stock options exercised during the period and the fair value adjustment to stock options.
(2)   The requirements of our dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP) are satisfied through either open market share purchases or shares issued from treasury. During the three months ended July 31, 2024 our DRIP requirements were satisfied through open market share purchases. During the nine months ended July 31, 2024 our DRIP requirements were satisfied through shares issued from treasury in the first six months and open market share purchases in the last three months. During the three months ended July 31, 2023 our DRIP requirements were satisfied through shares issued from treasury. During the nine months ended July 31, 2023 our DRIP requirements were satisfied through open market share purchases in the first three months and shares issued from treasury in the last six months.
(3)   During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024, we purchased for cancellation common shares at a total fair value of $73 million (average cost of $152.66 per share), with a book value of $7 million (book value of $14.82 per share). During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023, we did not purchase for cancellation any common shares.

Table of Contents
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   83
 
Note 12 Earnings per share
 
 

  
 
For the three months ended
 
 
  
 
For the nine months ended
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except share and per share amounts)
 
July 31
2024
 
 
July 31
2023
(Restated – Note 2)
 
 
  
 
July 31
2024
 
 
July 31
2023
(Restated – Note 2)
 
Basic earnings per share
         
Net income
 
$
4,486
 
  $ 3,860      
$
12,018
 
  $ 10,673  
Dividends on preferred shares and distributions on other equity instruments
 
 
(106
)
    (58 )     
 
(231
)
    (169 ) 
Net income attributable to
non-controlling
interests
 
 
(3
)
    (2 )       
 
(7
)
    (5 ) 
Net income available to common shareholders
 
$
4,377
 
  $ 3,800        
$
11,780
 
  $ 10,499  
Weighted average number of common shares (in thousands)
 
 
1,414,194
 
    1,393,515      
 
1,411,044
 
    1,388,217  
Basic earnings per share (in dollars)
 
$
 3.09
 
  $ 2.73        
$
8.35
 
  $ 7.56  
Diluted earnings per share
         
Net income available to common shareholders
 
$
4,377
 
  $ 3,800        
$
11,780
 
  $ 10,499  
Weighted average number of common shares (in thousands)
 
 
1,414,194
 
    1,393,515      
 
1,411,044
 
    1,388,217  
Stock options
(1)
 
 
1,929
 
    1,398      
 
1,574
 
    1,614  
Issuable under other share-based compensation plans
 
 
26
 
    26        
 
26
 
    26  
Average number of diluted common shares (in thousands)
 
 
1,416,149
 
     1,394,939      
 
 1,412,644
 
     1,389,857  
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars)
 
$
3.09
 
  $ 2.73        
$
8.34
 
  $ 7.55  
 
(1)   The dilutive effect of stock options was calculated using the treasury stock method. When the exercise price of options outstanding is greater than the average market price of our common shares, the options are excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For the three months ended July 31, 2024, no outstanding options were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For the three months ended July 31, 2023, an average of 2,244,505 outstanding options with an average exercise price of $130.78 were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For the nine months ended July 31, 2024, no outstanding options were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share. For the nine months ended July 31, 2023, an average of 917,036 outstanding options with an average exercise price of $131.64 were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share.

Note 13 Legal and regulatory matters
 
We are a large global institution that is subject to many different complex legal and regulatory requirements that continue to evolve. We are and have been subject to a variety of legal proceedings, including civil claims and lawsuits, regulatory examinations, investigations, audits and requests for information by various governmental regulatory agencies and law enforcement authorities in various jurisdictions. Some of these matters may involve novel legal theories and interpretations and may be advanced under criminal as well as civil statutes, and some proceedings could result in the imposition of civil, regulatory enforcement or criminal penalties. We review the status of all proceedings on an ongoing basis and will exercise judgment in resolving them in such manner as we believe to be in our best interest. In many proceedings, it is inherently difficult to determine whether any loss is probable or to reliably estimate the amount of any loss. This is an area of significant judgment and uncertainty and the extent of our financial and other exposure to these proceedings after taking into account current provisions could be material to our results of operations in any particular period though we do not believe that the ultimate resolution of any such matter will have a material effect on our consolidated financial condition.
Our significant legal proceedings and regulatory matters are described in Note 25 of our audited 2023 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements and as updated below. Based on the facts currently known, except as may otherwise be noted, it is not possible at this time for us to predict the ultimate outcome of these proceedings or the timing of their resolution.
London interbank offered rate (LIBOR) litigation
On December 12, 2023, the settlement agreement resolving one of the LIBOR class actions brought on behalf of certain plaintiffs that purchased U.S. dollar LIBOR-based instruments was granted final court approval. Royal Bank of Canada remains a defendant in other LIBOR class actions.

84   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Note 13 Legal and regulatory matters
(continued)
 
Royal Bank of Canada Trust Company (Bahamas) Limited proceedings
On December 11, 2023, the U.S. Department of Labor published a technical correction to the prior
one-year
exemption reflecting the fact that the pending French Court of Appeal’s decision would be rendered by an appellate court, and not the district court.
On March 5, 2024, the Court of Appeal rendered a judgment of conviction (the Conviction) against Royal Bank of Canada Trust Company (Bahamas) Limited (RBC Bahamas) and the other parties. RBC Bahamas was ordered by the Court of Appeal to pay a fine of
€
5,000 in connection with the Conviction. In addition, the Court of Appeal ordered that certain of those convicted of complicity in the matter, including RBC Bahamas, are jointly liable for the allegedly unpaid inheritance taxes owing, plus penalties and interest (such aggregate amount will be determined in separate proceedings before the tax courts, to which RBC Bahamas is not a party). RBC Bahamas believes that its actions did not violate French law, and has appealed the Conviction to the French Supreme Court. Under French law, upon the filing of an appeal by RBC Bahamas, the Conviction, as well as its effects (fine and joint liability) were stayed pending the outcome of the appeal.
As previously disclosed, in 2016 Royal Bank of Canada was granted an exemption by the U.S. Department of Labor that allows Royal Bank of Canada and its current and future affiliates to continue to qualify for the Qualified Professional Asset Manager (QPAM) exemption under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act despite any potential conviction of RBC Bahamas in the French proceeding for a temporary
one-year
period from the date of conviction. As a result of the Conviction, the temporary
one-year
period commenced on March 5, 2024. Royal Bank of Canada is seeking longer term relief from the Department of Labor.
U.S. communications recordkeeping inquiry
On August 14, 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission announced its settlement with RBC Capital Markets, LLC, pursuant to which
RBC
Capital Markets, LLC will pay a US$45 million civil penalty.
 
Note 14 Results by business segment
 
Composition of business segments
For management purposes, based on the products and services offered, we are organized into four business segments: Personal & Commercial Banking, Wealth Management, Insurance and Capital Markets.
 
  
 
For the three months ended July 31, 2024
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)
 
Personal &
Commercial
Banking
(1)
 
 
Wealth
Management
(1)
 
 
Insurance
 
 
Capital
Markets 
(1), (2)
 
 
Corporate
Support
(2)
 
 
Total
 
Net interest income
(3)
 
$
5,052
 
 
$
1,133
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
817
 
 
$
325
 
 
$
7,327
 
Non-interest
income
 
 
1,673
 
 
 
3,632
 
 
 
285
 
 
 
2,187
 
 
 
(473
)
 
 
7,304
 
Total revenue
 
 
6,725
 
 
 
4,765
 
 
 
285
 
 
 
3,004
 
 
 
(148
)
 
 
14,631
 
Provision for credit losses
 
 
607
 
 
 
16
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
38
 
 
 
(3
)
 
 
659
 
Non-interest
expense
 
 
2,715
 
 
 
3,679
 
 
 
70
 
 
 
1,755
 
 
 
380
 
 
 
8,599
 
Income (loss) before income taxes
 
 
3,403
 
 
 
1,070
 
 
 
214
 
 
 
1,211
 
 
 
(525
)
 
 
5,373
 
Income taxes (recoveries)
 
 
913
 
 
 
208
 
 
 
44
 
 
 
39
 
 
 
(317
)
 
 
887
 
Net income
 
$
2,490
 
 
$
862
 
 
$
170
 
 
$
1,172
 
 
$
(208
)
 
$
4,486
 
Non-interest
expense includes:
           
Depreciation and amortization
 
$
325
 
 
$
299
 
 
$
3
 
 
$
133
 
 
$
(1
)
 
$
759
 
           
     For the three months ended July 31, 2023 (Restated – Note 2)  
(Millions of Canadian dollars)   Personal &
Commercial
Banking
   
Wealth
Management (4), (5)
    Insurance    
Capital
Markets (2), (5)
   
Corporate
Support (2), (4)
    Total  
Net interest income
(3)
  $ 4,062     $ 1,047     $ –     $ 907     $ 270     $ 6,286  
Non-interest
income
    1,501       3,355       336       1,772       (273 )      6,691  
Total revenue
    5,563       4,402       336       2,679       (3 )      12,977  
Provision for credit losses
    305       102       –       209       –       616  
Non-interest
expense
    2,319       3,498       69       1,620       259       7,765  
Income (loss) before income taxes
    2,939       802       267       850       (262 )      4,596  
Income taxes (recoveries)
    805       139       52       (99 )      (161 )      736  
Net income
  $ 2,134     $ 663     $ 215     $ 949     $ (101 )    $ 3,860  
Non-interest
expense includes:
           
Depreciation and amortization
  $ 240     $ 312     $ 15     $ 126     $ –     $ 693  

Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024   85
 
    
For the nine months ended July 31, 2024
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Personal &
Commercial
Banking
(1)
   
Wealth
Management 
(1)
   
Insurance
   
Capital
Markets 
(1), (2)
   
Corporate
Support 
(2)
   
Total
 
Net interest income
(3)
 
$
13,668
 
 
$
3,419
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
2,242
 
 
$
953
 
 
$
20,282
 
Non-interest
income
 
 
4,841
 
 
 
10,501
 
 
 
946
 
 
 
6,867
 
 
 
(1,167
)
 
 
21,988
 
Total revenue
 
 
18,509
 
 
 
13,920
 
 
 
946
 
 
 
9,109
 
 
 
(214
)
 
 
42,270
 
Provision for credit losses
 
 
1,995
 
 
 
54
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
342
 
 
 
(1
)
 
 
2,392
 
Non-interest
expense
 
 
7,482
 
 
 
11,100
 
 
 
210
 
 
 
5,119
 
 
 
1,320
 
 
 
25,231
 
Income (loss) before income taxes
 
 
9,032
 
 
 
2,766
 
 
 
734
 
 
 
3,648
 
 
 
(1,533
)
 
 
14,647
 
Income taxes (recoveries)
 
 
2,430
 
 
 
529
 
 
 
167
 
 
 
60
 
 
 
(557
)
 
 
2,629
 
Net income
 
$
6,602
 
 
$
2,237
 
 
$
567
 
 
$
3,588
 
 
$
(976
)
 
$
12,018
 
Non-interest
expense includes:
           
Depreciation and amortization
 
$
840
 
 
$
919
 
 
$
6
 
 
$
387
 
 
$
(10
)
 
$
2,142
 
           
     For the nine months ended July 31, 2023 (Restated – Note 2)  
(Millions of Canadian dollars)   Personal &
Commercial
Banking
    Wealth
Management (4), (5)
    Insurance     Capital
Markets (2), (5)
    Corporate
Support (2), (4)
    Total  
Net interest income
(3)
  $ 11,886     $ 3,352     $ –     $ 2,650     $ 699     $ 18,587  
Non-interest
income
    4,516       10,004       762       5,837       (927 )      20,192  
Total revenue
    16,402       13,356       762       8,487       (228 )      38,779  
Provision for credit losses
    1,128       196       –       424       –       1,748  
Non-interest
expense
    6,805       10,379       204       4,831       535       22,754  
Income (loss) before income taxes
    8,469       2,781       558       3,232       (763 )      14,277  
Income taxes (recoveries)
    2,294       569       106       80       555       3,604  
Net income
  $ 6,175     $ 2,212     $ 452     $ 3,152     $ (1,318 )    $ 10,673  
Non-interest
expense includes:
           
Depreciation and amortization
  $ 721     $ 925     $ 39     $ 381     $ –     $ 2,066  
 
(1)   On March 28, 2024, we completed the HSBC Canada transaction. HSBC Canada results have been consolidated from the closing date, and are included in our Personal & Commercial Banking, Wealth Management and Capital Markets segments. For further details, refer to Note 6.
(2)   Taxable equivalent basis.
(3)   Interest revenue is reported net of interest expense as we rely primarily on net interest income as a performance measure.
(4)   Amounts for the three months and nine months ended July 31, 2023 have been revised from those previously presented.
(5)   Effective the fourth quarter of 2023, we moved the Investor Services lending business from our Wealth Management segment to our Capital Markets segment. Therefore, comparative results for the three months and nine months ended July 31, 2023 have been revised from those previously presented.
Total assets and total liabilities by business segment
 
    
As at July 31, 2024
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars)  
Personal &
Commercial
Banking
(1)
   
Wealth
Management
(1)
   
Insurance
   
Capital
Markets 
(1)
   
Corporate
Support
   
Total
 
Total assets
 
$
736,538
 
 
$
177,293
 
 
$
27,501
 
 
$
1,045,826
 
 
$
88,949
 
 
$
2,076,107
 
Total liabilities
 
 
736,467
 
 
 
175,910
 
 
 
27,463
 
 
 
1,045,630
 
 
 
(33,855
)
 
 
1,951,615
 
                                     
     As at October 31, 2023 (Restated – Note 2)  
(Millions of Canadian dollars)   Personal &
Commercial
Banking
   
Wealth
Management
    Insurance    
Capital
Markets
    Corporate
Support
    Total  
Total assets
  $ 636,046     $ 179,227     $ 24,130     $ 1,100,172     $ 66,956     $ 2,006,531  
Total liabilities
    635,952       177,389       24,895       1,099,893       (46,745 )      1,891,384  
 
(1)   Includes the impact of the HSBC Canada transaction. Refer to Note 6 for further details.

Table of Contents
86   
Royal Bank of Canada
  Third Quarter 2024
 
Note 15 Capital management
 
Regulatory capital and capital ratios
OSFI formally establishes risk-based capital and leverage minimums and Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (TLAC) ratios for deposit-taking institutions in Canada. During the third
quarter of 2024, we complied with all applicable capital, leverage and TLAC requirements, including the Domestic Stability Buffer, imposed by OSFI.
 
  
 
As at   
 
(Millions of Canadian dollars, except percentage amounts and as otherwise noted)
 
July 31
2024
 
 
October 31
2023
 
Capital
(1), (2)
     
CET1 capital
 
$
86,230
    $ 86,611  
Tier 1 capital
 
 
95,724
      93,904  
Total capital
 
 
108,079
      104,952  
Risk-weighted assets (RWA) used in calculation of capital ratios
(1), (2)
     
Credit risk
 
$
540,482
    $ 475,842  
Market risk
 
 
32,920
      40,498  
Operational risk
 
 
87,775
      79,883  
Total RWA
 
$
661,177
    $ 596,223  
Capital ratios and Leverage ratio
(1), (2)
     
CET1 ratio
 
 
13.0%
      14.5%  
Tier 1 capital ratio
 
 
14.5%
      15.7%  
Total capital ratio
 
 
16.3%
      17.6%  
Leverage ratio
 
 
4.2%
      4.3%  
Leverage ratio exposure
 
$
2,271,007
    $  2,179,590  
TLAC available and ratios
(1), (3)
     
TLAC available
 
$
187,656
    $ 184,916  
TLAC ratio
 
 
28.4%
      31.0%
TLAC leverage ratio
 
 
8.3%
      8.5%
 
(1)   As prior period restatements are not required by OSFI, there was no impact from the adoption of IFRS 17 on regulatory capital, RWA, capital ratios, leverage ratio, TLAC available and TLAC ratios for periods prior to November 1, 2023.
(2)   Capital, RWA and capital ratios are calculated using OSFI’s Capital Adequacy Requirements (CAR) guideline and the Leverage ratio is calculated using OSFI’s Leverage Requirements (LR) guideline. Both the CAR guideline and LR guideline are based on the Basel III framework. The period ended October 31, 2023 reflects our adoption of the revised CAR and LR guidelines that came into effect in Q2 2023, as further updated on October 20, 2023 as part of OSFI’s implementation of the Basel III reforms. The period ended July 31, 2024 also reflects our adoption of the revised market risk and CVA frameworks that came into effect on November 1, 2023.
(3)   TLAC available and TLAC ratios are calculated using OSFI’s TLAC guideline. The TLAC standard is applied at the resolution entity level which for us is deemed to be Royal Bank of Canada and its subsidiaries. A resolution entity and its subsidiaries are collectively called a resolution group. The TLAC ratio and TLAC leverage ratio are calculated using the TLAC available as percentage of total RWA and leverage exposure, respectively.

Exhibit 99.3

Return on Equity and Assets Ratios

 

     Q3 2024     Q2 2024     Q1 2024     9 Nine months ended
July 31, 2024
    For the Year-Ended
October 2023(1)
 

Return on Assets

     0.85 %      0.77 %      0.68 %      0.76 %      0.73 % 

Return on Equity

     15.5 %      14.5 %      13.1 %      14.4 %      14.3 % 

Dividend Payout Ratio

     46 %      50 %      55 %      50 %      52 % 

 

(1)

Amounts have been restated from those previously presented as part of the adoption of IFRS 17, effective November 1, 2023.

Exhibit 31.1

SOX 302 Certification

I, David McKay, certify that:

 

1.

I have reviewed this quarterly report for the period ended July 31, 2024 (the “report”) of Royal Bank of Canada (the “registrant”);

 

2.

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3.

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4.

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

  a.

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  b.

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

  c.

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  d.

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5.

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  a.

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  b.

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 28, 2024

 

/s/ David McKay

Name:   David McKay
Title:   President and Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2

SOX 302 Certification

I, Katherine Gibson, certify that:

 

1.

I have reviewed this quarterly report for the period ended July 31, 2024 (the “report”) of Royal Bank of Canada (the “registrant”);

 

2.

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3.

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4.

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

 

  a.

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  b.

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

  c.

Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  d.

Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5.

The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  a.

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  b.

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: August 28, 2024

 

/s/ Katherine Gibson

Name:   Katherine Gibson
Title:   Interim Chief Financial Officer