FORM | ||
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) | ||||||||||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (Commission File Number) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | ||||||||||||
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Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: ( | ||||||||||||||
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| (Title of Class) | (Trading Symbol) | (Name of each exchange on which registered) | ||||||
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2 below): | |||||||||||
| Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) | |||||||||||
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| Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (17 CFR §230.405) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (17 CFR § 240.12b-2 of this chapter). | |||||
| Emerging growth company | |||||
| If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. | ☐ | ||||||||||
| Exhibit Number | Description | |||||||
| 99.1 | ||||||||
| 99.2 | ||||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) | |||||||
| STERLING CONSTRUCTION COMPANY, INC. | |||||||||||
| Date: | November 2, 2020 | By: | /s/ Ronald A. Ballschmiede | ||||||||
| Ronald A. Ballschmiede | |||||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | |||||||||||

Contact: Sterling Construction Company, Inc. Ron Ballschmiede, Chief Financial Officer 281-214-0800 | Investor Relations Counsel: The Equity Group Inc. Fred Buonocore, CFA 212-836-9607 Mike Gaudreau 212-836-9620 | ||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 383,458 | $ | 291,699 | $ | 1,080,184 | $ | 779,734 | |||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | (333,542) | (262,483) | (935,424) | (705,519) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 49,916 | 29,216 | 144,760 | 74,215 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expense | (15,154) | (10,239) | (51,209) | (32,302) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Intangible asset amortization | (2,866) | (600) | (8,569) | (1,800) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition related costs | (401) | (1,896) | (1,013) | (2,158) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other operating expense, net | (2,664) | (4,366) | (9,989) | (9,936) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | 28,831 | 12,115 | 73,980 | 28,019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 23 | 331 | 146 | 986 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (7,177) | (3,024) | (22,537) | (8,988) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 21,677 | 9,422 | 51,589 | 20,017 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | (6,280) | (913) | (14,712) | (1,782) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 15,397 | 8,509 | 36,877 | 18,235 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (240) | (552) | (395) | (635) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Sterling common stockholders | $ | 15,157 | $ | 7,957 | $ | 36,482 | $ | 17,600 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income per share attributable to Sterling common stockholders: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.54 | $ | 0.30 | $ | 1.31 | $ | 0.67 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.54 | $ | 0.30 | $ | 1.30 | $ | 0.66 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 28,003 | 26,365 | 27,832 | 26,359 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 28,233 | 26,637 | 27,986 | 26,661 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | % of Revenue | 2019 | % of Revenue | 2020 | % of Revenue | 2019 | % of Revenue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heavy Civil | $ | 201,078 | 52% | $ | 218,894 | 75% | $ | 577,141 | 54% | $ | 569,635 | 73% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specialty Services | 139,971 | 37% | 32,863 | 11% | 380,397 | 35% | 91,436 | 12% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential | 42,409 | 11% | 39,942 | 14% | 122,646 | 11% | 118,663 | 15% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenue | $ | 383,458 | $ | 291,699 | $ | 1,080,184 | $ | 779,734 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Income | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heavy Civil | $ | 2,405 | 1.2% | $ | 7,420 | 3.4% | $ | 2,679 | 0.5% | $ | 11,020 | 1.9% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Specialty Services | 21,474 | 15.3% | 1,371 | 4.2% | 55,834 | 14.7% | 3,284 | 3.6% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential | 5,353 | 12.6% | 5,220 | 13.1% | 16,480 | 13.4% | 15,873 | 13.4% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Subtotal | 29,232 | 7.6% | 14,011 | 4.8% | 74,993 | 6.9% | 30,177 | 3.9% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition related costs | (401) | (1,896) | (1,013) | (2,158) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Operating Income | $ | 28,831 | 7.5% | $ | 12,115 | 4.2% | $ | 73,980 | 6.8% | $ | 28,019 | 3.6% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| September 30, 2020 | December 31, 2019 | ||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 72,593 | $ | 45,733 | |||||||
| Accounts receivable, including retainage | 271,342 | 248,247 | |||||||||
| Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings | 55,310 | 42,555 | |||||||||
| Receivables from and equity in construction joint ventures | 13,802 | 9,196 | |||||||||
| Other current assets | 14,171 | 11,790 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 427,218 | 357,521 | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 121,534 | 116,030 | |||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | 17,250 | 13,979 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 192,014 | 191,892 | |||||||||
| Other intangibles, net | 247,754 | 256,323 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax asset, net | 16,589 | 26,012 | |||||||||
| Other non-current assets, net | 153 | 183 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 1,022,512 | $ | 961,940 | |||||||
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 127,336 | $ | 137,593 | |||||||
| Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings | 126,986 | 85,011 | |||||||||
| Current maturities of long-term debt | 57,476 | 42,473 | |||||||||
| Current portion of long-term lease obligations | 7,624 | 7,095 | |||||||||
| Income taxes payable | 2,251 | 1,212 | |||||||||
| Accrued compensation | 24,328 | 13,727 | |||||||||
| Other current liabilities | 11,368 | 6,393 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 357,369 | 293,504 | |||||||||
| Long-term debt | 335,237 | 390,627 | |||||||||
| Long-term lease obligations | 9,668 | 6,976 | |||||||||
| Members’ interest subject to mandatory redemption and undistributed earnings | 50,798 | 49,003 | |||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | 10,124 | 619 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 763,196 | 740,729 | |||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
| Common stock | 283 | 283 | |||||||||
| Additional paid in capital | 254,860 | 251,019 | |||||||||
| Treasury Stock, at cost | (2,651) | (6,142) | |||||||||
| Retained earnings (deficit) | 11,449 | (25,033) | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (6,313) | (209) | |||||||||
| Total Sterling stockholders’ equity | 257,628 | 219,918 | |||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | 1,688 | 1,293 | |||||||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | 259,316 | 221,211 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 1,022,512 | $ | 961,940 | |||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 36,877 | $ | 18,235 | |||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 24,639 | 12,288 | |||||||||
| Amortization of debt issuance costs and non-cash interest | 2,489 | 2,375 | |||||||||
| Gain on disposal of property and equipment | (1,042) | (466) | |||||||||
| Deferred taxes | 10,946 | 1,561 | |||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 7,961 | 2,489 | |||||||||
| Change in interest rate hedge | 251 | — | |||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities | 8,828 | (28,005) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 90,949 | 8,477 | |||||||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||
| Capital expenditures | (22,088) | (7,871) | |||||||||
| Proceeds from sale of property and equipment | 1,557 | 1,265 | |||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (20,531) | (6,606) | |||||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Repayments of debt | (52,695) | (10,435) | |||||||||
| Distributions to noncontrolling interest owners | — | (5,900) | |||||||||
| Purchase of treasury stock | — | (3,201) | |||||||||
| Other borrowings | 9,137 | 100 | |||||||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (43,558) | (19,436) | |||||||||
| Net change in cash and cash equivalents | 26,860 | (17,565) | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 45,733 | 94,095 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 72,593 | $ | 76,530 | |||||||
| The Company reports its financial results in accordance with GAAP. This press release also includes several Non-GAAP financial measures as defined under the SEC’s Regulation G. The following tables reconcile certain Non-GAAP financial measures used in this press release to comparable GAAP financial measures. | |||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| As Reported (GAAP) | Adjustment | Adjusted (Non-GAAP) | |||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 383,458 | $ | — | $ | 383,458 | |||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | (333,542) | — | (333,542) | ||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 49,916 | — | 49,916 | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expense | (15,154) | — | (15,154) | ||||||||||||||
| Intangible asset amortization | (2,866) | — | (2,866) | ||||||||||||||
| Acquisition related costs | (401) | 401 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Other operating expense, net | (2,664) | — | (2,664) | ||||||||||||||
| Operating income | 28,831 | 401 | 29,232 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 23 | — | 23 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (7,177) | — | (7,177) | ||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 21,677 | 401 | 22,078 | ||||||||||||||
Income tax expense (2) | (6,280) | (116) | (6,396) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | 15,397 | 285 | 15,682 | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (240) | — | (240) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Sterling common stockholders | $ | 15,157 | $ | 285 | $ | 15,442 | |||||||||||
| Net income per share attributable to Sterling common stockholders: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.54 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.55 | |||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.54 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.55 | |||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 28,003 | 28,003 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 28,233 | 28,233 | |||||||||||||||
(1) The summary unaudited adjusted financial data is presented excluding the costs of acquiring Plateau, net of tax. This presentation is considered a non-GAAP financial measure, which the Company believes provides a better indication of our operating results prior to the excluded items. | |||||||||||||||||
(2) Adjusted Non-GAAP income tax expense of $6,396 includes non-cash federal income tax expense of $4,839. | |||||||||||||||||
| The Company reports its financial results in accordance with GAAP. This press release also includes several Non-GAAP financial measures as defined under the SEC’s Regulation G. The following tables reconcile certain Non-GAAP financial measures used in this press release to comparable GAAP financial measures. | |||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| As Reported (GAAP) | Adjustment | Adjusted (Non-GAAP) | |||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 291,699 | $ | — | $ | 291,699 | |||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | (262,483) | — | (262,483) | ||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 29,216 | — | 29,216 | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expense | (10,239) | — | (10,239) | ||||||||||||||
| Intangible asset amortization | (600) | — | (600) | ||||||||||||||
| Acquisition related costs | (1,896) | 1,896 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Other operating expense, net | (4,366) | — | (4,366) | ||||||||||||||
| Operating income | 12,115 | 1,896 | 14,011 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 331 | — | 331 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (3,024) | — | (3,024) | ||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 9,422 | 1,896 | 11,318 | ||||||||||||||
Income tax expense (2) | (913) | (184) | (1,097) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | 8,509 | 1,712 | 10,221 | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (552) | — | (552) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Sterling common stockholders | $ | 7,957 | $ | 1,712 | $ | 9,669 | |||||||||||
| Net income per share attributable to Sterling common stockholders: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.30 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.37 | |||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.30 | $ | 0.06 | $ | 0.36 | |||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 26,365 | 26,365 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 26,637 | 26,637 | |||||||||||||||
(1) The summary unaudited adjusted financial data is presented excluding the costs of acquiring Plateau, net of tax. This presentation is considered a non-GAAP financial measure, which the Company believes provides a better indication of our operating results prior to the excluded items. | |||||||||||||||||
(2) Adjusted Non-GAAP income tax expense of $1,097 includes non-cash federal income tax expense of $984. | |||||||||||||||||
| The Company reports its financial results in accordance with GAAP. This press release also includes several Non-GAAP financial measures as defined under the SEC’s Regulation G. The following tables reconcile certain Non-GAAP financial measures used in this press release to comparable GAAP financial measures. | |||||||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||
| As Reported (GAAP) | Adjustment | Adjusted (Non-GAAP) | |||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 1,080,184 | $ | — | $ | 1,080,184 | |||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | (935,424) | — | (935,424) | ||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 144,760 | — | 144,760 | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expense | (51,209) | — | (51,209) | ||||||||||||||
| Intangible asset amortization | (8,569) | — | (8,569) | ||||||||||||||
| Acquisition related costs | (1,013) | 1,013 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Other operating expense, net | (9,989) | — | (9,989) | ||||||||||||||
| Operating income | 73,980 | 1,013 | 74,993 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 146 | — | 146 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (22,537) | — | (22,537) | ||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 51,589 | 1,013 | 52,602 | ||||||||||||||
Income tax expense (2) | (14,712) | (289) | (15,001) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | 36,877 | 724 | 37,601 | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (395) | — | (395) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Sterling common stockholders | $ | 36,482 | $ | 724 | $ | 37,206 | |||||||||||
| Net income per share attributable to Sterling common stockholders: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 1.31 | $ | 0.03 | $ | 1.34 | |||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 1.30 | $ | 0.03 | $ | 1.33 | |||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 27,832 | 27,832 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 27,986 | 27,986 | |||||||||||||||
(1) The summary unaudited adjusted financial data is presented excluding the costs of acquiring Plateau, net of tax. This presentation is considered a non-GAAP financial measure, which the Company believes provides a better indication of our operating results prior to the excluded items. | |||||||||||||||||
(2) Adjusted Non-GAAP income tax expense of $15,001 includes non-cash federal income tax expense of $11,235. | |||||||||||||||||
| The Company reports its financial results in accordance with GAAP. This press release also includes several Non-GAAP financial measures as defined under the SEC’s Regulation G. The following tables reconcile certain Non-GAAP financial measures used in this press release to comparable GAAP financial measures. | |||||||||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
| As Reported (GAAP) | Adjustment | Adjusted (Non-GAAP) | |||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 779,734 | $ | — | $ | 779,734 | |||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | (705,519) | — | (705,519) | ||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 74,215 | — | 74,215 | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expense | (32,302) | — | (32,302) | ||||||||||||||
| Intangible asset amortization | (1,800) | — | (1,800) | ||||||||||||||
| Acquisition related costs | (2,158) | 2,158 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Other operating expense, net | (9,936) | — | (9,936) | ||||||||||||||
| Operating income | 28,019 | 2,158 | 30,177 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 986 | — | 986 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (8,988) | — | (8,988) | ||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 20,017 | 2,158 | 22,175 | ||||||||||||||
Income tax expense (2) | (1,782) | (192) | (1,974) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | 18,235 | 1,966 | 20,201 | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (635) | — | (635) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Sterling common stockholders | $ | 17,600 | $ | 1,966 | $ | 19,566 | |||||||||||
| Net income per share attributable to Sterling common stockholders: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.67 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.74 | |||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.66 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.73 | |||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 26,359 | 26,359 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 26,661 | 26,661 | |||||||||||||||
(1) The summary unaudited adjusted financial data is presented excluding the costs of acquiring Plateau, net of tax. This presentation is considered a non-GAAP financial measure, which the Company believes provides a better indication of our operating results prior to the excluded items. | |||||||||||||||||
(2) Adjusted Non-GAAP income tax expense of $1,974 includes non-cash federal income tax expense of $1,753. | |||||||||||||||||
| The Company reports its financial results in accordance with GAAP. This press release also includes several Non-GAAP financial measures as defined under the SEC’s Regulation G. The following tables reconcile certain Non-GAAP financial measures used in this press release to comparable GAAP financial measures. | |||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||
As Reported (GAAP) (2) | Adjustment | Adjusted (Non-GAAP) | |||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 1,126,278 | $ | — | $ | 1,126,278 | |||||||||||
| Cost of revenues | (1,018,484) | — | (1,018,484) | ||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 107,794 | — | 107,794 | ||||||||||||||
| General and administrative expense | (49,200) | — | (49,200) | ||||||||||||||
| Intangible asset amortization | (4,695) | (4,695) | |||||||||||||||
| Acquisition related costs | (4,311) | 4,311 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Other operating expense, net | (11,837) | — | (11,837) | ||||||||||||||
| Operating income | 37,751 | 4,311 | 42,062 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 1,142 | — | 1,142 | ||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (16,686) | — | (16,686) | ||||||||||||||
| Loss on extinguishment of debt | (7,728) | 7,728 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes | 14,479 | 12,039 | 26,518 | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense | 26,216 | (27,398) | (1,182) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income | 40,695 | (15,359) | 25,336 | ||||||||||||||
| Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (794) | — | (794) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Sterling common stockholders | $ | 39,901 | $ | (15,359) | $ | 24,542 | |||||||||||
| Net income per share attributable to Sterling common stockholders: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 1.50 | $ | (0.58) | $ | 0.92 | |||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 1.47 | $ | (0.57) | $ | 0.90 | |||||||||||
| Weighted average common shares outstanding: | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 26,671 | 26,671 | |||||||||||||||
| Diluted | 27,119 | 27,119 | |||||||||||||||
(1) The summary unaudited adjusted financial data is presented excluding the costs of acquiring Plateau (including related refinancing) and non-cash taxes. This presentation is considered a non-GAAP financial measure, which the Company believes provides a better indication of our operating results prior to the excluded items. | |||||||||||||||||
(2) Includes a fourth quarter charge for a legacy project of $10.2 million or $0.36 per diluted share based on 28,201 weighted average common shares outstanding in the quarter. | |||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Sterling common stockholders | $ | 15,157 | $ | 7,957 | $ | 36,482 | $ | 17,600 | |||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 8,098 | 3,815 | 24,639 | 12,288 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net of interest income | 7,154 | 2,693 | 22,391 | 8,002 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | 6,280 | 913 | 14,712 | 1,782 | |||||||||||||||||||
EBITDA (1) | 36,689 | 15,378 | 98,224 | 39,672 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Acquisition related costs | 401 | 1,896 | 1,013 | 2,158 | |||||||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA (2) | $ | 37,090 | $ | 17,274 | $ | 99,237 | $ | 41,830 | |||||||||||||||
(1) The Company defines EBITDA as GAAP net income (loss) attributable to Sterling common stockholders, adjusted for depreciation and amortization, net interest expense, taxes, and loss on extinguishment of debt. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(2) Adjusted EBITDA excludes the impact of acquisition related costs. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
















