trc-20251022false000199765200019976522025-10-222025-10-22
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): October 22, 2025
Tamboran Resources Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) | | | | (IRS Employer Identification Number) |
Suite 01, Level 39, Tower One, International Towers Sydney
100 Barangaroo Avenue, Barangaroo NSW 2000
(Address of principal executive offices, including Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: Australia +61 2 8330 6626
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of
the registrant under any of the following provisions:
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| Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
| Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
| Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
| Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Common stock, $0.001 par value per share | | | | |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the
Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2
of this chapter).
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended
transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section
13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Item 1.01Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement.
On October 24, 2025, Tamboran Resources Corporation (the “Company”) entered into subscription
agreements (the “Subscription Agreements”) with certain investors, including Bryan Sheffield, our largest
shareholder, and Scott Sheffield, our director, and certain of our officers and other directors (the “Investors”),
pursuant to which we expect to sell to the Investors up to $29 million of shares of our common stock, par value
$0.001 (“Common Stock”) at a price per share of $21.00, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein
(the “Offering”). The closing of the Offering is subject to approval by the Company’s shareholders and the
satisfaction of other customary closing conditions.
Pursuant to the Subscription Agreements, the Company has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to
file with Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), within 30 calendar days of the closing of the Offering, a
registration statement registering the resale of the shares of Common Stock (the “Registrable Securities”). The
Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to have such registration statement declared effective as soon
as practicable after filing, but no later than the 60th calendar day (or 90th calendar day if the SEC notifies the
Company that it will review the registration statement) following the closing of the Offering. The Company is also
obligated to maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement for a period ending on the earlier of (A) the date
the Investor ceases to hold any Registrable Securities, (B) the date all Registrable Securities held by the Investor
may be sold without restriction under Rule 144, or (C) three years from the effective date of the registration
statement.
The foregoing description of the Subscription Agreements does not purport to be complete and is qualified in
its entirety by reference to the text of the Subscription Agreements filed as Exhibit 10.1, 10.2 and 10.3 to this
Current Report on Form 8-K that are incorporated herein by reference.
Item 8.01Other Events.
On October 22, 2025, the Company entered into an Underwriting Agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”)
with RBC Capital Markets, LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as representatives of the several underwriters
(the “Underwriters”), relating to the previously announced underwritten offering of 2,324,445 shares of Common
Stock of the Company (the “Underwritten Offering”). Under the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the
Company granted the Underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to 348,666 additional shares of Common Stock.
The Underwriters exercised their option to purchase additional shares of Common Stock in full on October 23, 2025.
The Underwriting Agreement contains customary representations and warranties, agreements and obligations,
closing conditions and termination provisions. The Company has agreed to indemnify the Underwriters against
certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities, and to contribute to any payment that the Underwriters
may be required to make because of any of those liabilities.
The Underwritten Offering was made pursuant to a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No.
333-288382) (as amended, the “Registration Statement”) that was originally filed on June 27, 2025 with the SEC
and became effective on July 29, 2025, including the prospectus forming a part of the Registration Statement, a
preliminary prospectus supplement, which was filed with the SEC on October 22, 2025, and a final prospectus
supplement, which was filed with the SEC on October 24, 2025, pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act.
The Underwritten Offering closed on October 24, 2025. The Company intends to use the approximately $52.5
million of net proceeds (after deducting discounts and commissions payable to the underwriters and estimated
offering expenses payable by the Company) from the Underwritten Offering to fund Tamboran’s development plan,
working capital, and other general corporate purposes.
The foregoing summary of the Underwriting Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its
entirety by reference to the full text of the Underwriting Agreement, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 1.1 to
this Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated herein by reference.
A copy of the legal opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP relating to the validity of the issuance and sale of the
Common Stock in the Underwritten Offering is filed as Exhibit 5.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is filed
with reference to, and is hereby incorporated by reference into, the Registration Statement.
Item 7.01Regulation FD Disclosure.
On October 22, 2025, the Company issued press releases announcing the launch and pricing of the
Underwritten Offering. The press releases are attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1 and Exhibit 99.2 and are incorporated
by reference herein.
On October 24, 2025, the Company issued a press release announcing the closing of the Underwritten
Offering. The press release is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.3 and is incorporated by reference herein.
The foregoing (including Exhibits 99.1, 99.2 and 99.3) are being furnished pursuant to Item 7.01 and will not
be deemed to be filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
“Exchange Act”), or otherwise be subject to the liabilities of that section, nor will they be deemed to be incorporated
by reference in any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
Item 9.01Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(d) Exhibits
The following exhibits are furnished with this report:
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| Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101). |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report
to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
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| | | | TAMBORAN RESOURCES CORPORATION |
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| | | | | | Eric Dyer Chief Financial Officer |
TAMBORAN RESOURCES CORPORATION
(a Delaware corporation)
2,324,445 Shares of Common Stock
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
October 22, 2025
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
As Representatives of the several Underwriters
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| c/o | RBC Capital Markets, LLC |
| 200 Vesey Street |
| New York, New York 10281 |
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| c/o | Wells Fargo Securities, LLC 500 West 33rd Street, 14th Floor New York, New York 10001 |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
TAMBORAN RESOURCES CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), confirms its agreement with RBC Capital Markets, LLC ("RBC"), Wells Fargo Securities, LLC ("Wells Fargo"), and each of the other Underwriters named in Schedule A (collectively, the "Underwriters," which term shall also include any underwriter substituted as hereinafter provided in Section 10 hereof) to this agreement (this "Agreement"), for whom RBC and Wells Fargo are acting as representatives (in such capacity, the "Representatives"), with respect to (i) the sale by the Company and the purchase by the Underwriters, acting severally and not jointly, of the respective numbers of shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company ("Common Stock") set forth in Schedule A hereto and (ii) the grant by the Company to the Underwriters, acting severally and not jointly, of the option described in Section 2(b) hereof to purchase all or any part of 348,666 additional shares of Common Stock. The aforesaid 2,324,445 shares of Common Stock (the "Initial Securities") to be purchased by the Underwriters and all or any part of the 348,666 shares of Common Stock subject to the option described in Section 2(b) hereof (the "Option Securities") are herein called, collectively, the "Securities."
The Company understands that the Underwriters propose to make a public offering of the Securities as soon as the Representatives deem advisable after this Agreement has been executed and delivered.
The Company has filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") a registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-288382), including the related prospectus (as amended, the "Base Prospectus"), covering the public offering and sale of certain securities, including the Securities, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act") and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (the "1933 Act Regulations"), which shelf registration statement has been declared effective by the Commission. Such registration statement, as of any time, means such registration statement as
amended by any post-effective amendments thereto at such time, including the exhibits and any schedules thereto at such time, the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein at such time pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the 1933 Act and the documents otherwise deemed to be a part thereof as of such time pursuant to Rule 430B under the 1933 Act Regulations ("Rule 430B"), is referred to herein as the "Registration Statement," provided, however, that the "Registration Statement" without reference to a time means such registration statement as amended by any post-effective amendments thereto as of the time of the first contract of sale for the Securities, which time shall be considered the "new effective date" of such registration statement with respect to the Securities within the meaning of paragraph (f)(2) of Rule 430B, including the exhibits and schedules thereto as of such time, the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein at such time pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the 1933 Act and the documents otherwise deemed to be a part thereof as of such time pursuant to Rule 430B. Any registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the 1933 Act Regulations is herein called the "Rule 462(b) Registration Statement" and, after such filing, the term "Registration Statement" shall include the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement. Each preliminary prospectus supplement used in connection with the offering of the Securities, if any, including the Base Prospectus and the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the 1933 Act are collectively referred to herein as a "preliminary prospectus." Promptly after execution and delivery of this Agreement, the Company will prepare and file a final prospectus supplement relating to the Securities in accordance with the provisions of Rule 424(b) of the 1933 Act Regulations ("Rule 424(b)"). The final prospectus supplement, in the form first furnished or made available to the Underwriters for use in connection with the offering of the Securities, including the Base Prospectus and the documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form S-3 under the 1933 Act, are collectively referred to herein as the "Prospectus." For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval system (or any successor system) ("EDGAR").
As used in this Agreement:
"Applicable Time" means 6:00 P.M., New York City time, on October 22, 2025 or such other time as agreed by the Company and the Representatives.
"General Disclosure Package" means any Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectuses issued at or prior to the Applicable Time, the Base Prospectus and the most recent preliminary prospectus (including any documents incorporated therein by reference) that is distributed to investors prior to the Applicable Time and the information included on Schedule B-1 hereto, all considered together.
"Issuer Free Writing Prospectus" means any "issuer free writing prospectus," as defined in Rule 433 of the 1933 Act Regulations ("Rule 433"), including without limitation any "free writing prospectus" (as defined in Rule 405 of the 1933 Act Regulations ("Rule 405")) relating to the Securities that is (i) required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (ii) a "road show for an offering that is a written communication" within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i), whether or not required to be filed with the Commission, or (iii) exempt from filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of the Securities or of the offering that does not reflect the final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g).
"Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus" means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is intended for general distribution to prospective investors (other than a "bona fide electronic road show," as defined in Rule 433), as evidenced by its being specified in Schedule B-2 hereto.
"Issuer Limited Use Free Writing Prospectus" means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not an Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus.
"Testing-the-Waters Communication" means any oral or written communication with potential investors undertaken in reliance on Section 5(d) of the 1933 Act.
"Written Testing-the-Waters Communication" means any Testing-the-Waters Communication that is a written communication within the meaning of Rule 405 under the 1933 Act.
All references in this Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information which is "contained," "included" or "stated" (or other references of like import) in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to include all such financial statements and schedules and other information incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus, as the case may be, prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement; and all references in this Agreement to amendments or supplements to the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to include the filing of any document under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the "1934 Act"), incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, such preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus, as the case may be, at or after the execution and delivery of this Agreement.
SECTION 1. Representations and Warranties.
(a) Representations and Warranties by the Company. The Company represents and warrants to each Underwriter as of the date hereof, the Applicable Time, the Closing Time (as defined below) and any Date of Delivery (as defined below), and agrees with each Underwriter, as follows:
(i) Registration Statement and Prospectuses. The Company meets the requirements for use of Form S-3 under the 1933 Act. Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto has become effective under the 1933 Act. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto has been issued under the 1933 Act, no order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus has been issued and no proceedings for any of those purposes have been instituted or are pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, contemplated. The Company has complied with each request (if any) from the Commission for additional information.
Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time of its effectiveness, including each deemed effective date with respect to the Underwriters pursuant to Rule 430B(f)(2) under the 1933 Act Regulations, the Applicable Time, the Closing Time and any Date of Delivery complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the 1933 Act and the 1933 Act Regulations. Each preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, at the time each was filed with the Commission, and, in each case, at the Applicable Time, the Closing Time and any Date of
Delivery complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the 1933 Act Regulations and each preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus delivered to the Underwriters for use in connection with this offering was identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.
The documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, when they became effective or at the time they were or hereafter are filed with the Commission, complied and will comply in all material respects with the requirements of the 1934 Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission under the 1934 Act (the "1934 Act Regulations").
(ii) Accurate Disclosure. Neither the Registration Statement nor any amendment thereto, at its effective time, on the date hereof, at the Closing Time or at any Date of Delivery, contained, contains or will contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. At the Applicable Time and any Date of Delivery, none of (A) the General Disclosure Package, (B) any individual Issuer Limited Use Free Writing Prospectus, when considered together with the General Disclosure Package, and (C) any individual Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, when considered together with the General Disclosure Package, included, includes or will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Neither the Prospectus nor any amendment or supplement thereto, as of its issue date, at the time of any filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b), at the Closing Time or at any Date of Delivery, included, includes or will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, at the time the Registration Statement became effective or when such documents incorporated by reference were filed with the Commission, as the case may be, when read together with the other information in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, as the case may be, did not and will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.
The representations and warranties in this subsection shall not apply to statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by any Underwriter through any Representative expressly for use therein. For purposes of this Agreement, the only information so furnished shall be the information in the first paragraph under the heading "Underwriting–Commissions and Discounts," the information in the second, third and fourth paragraphs under the heading "Underwriting–Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids" and the information under the heading "Underwriting–Electronic Distribution" in each case contained in the preliminary prospectus and Prospectus (collectively, the "Underwriter Information").
(iii) Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses. No Issuer Free Writing Prospectus conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, including any document incorporated by reference therein, and any preliminary or other prospectus deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified. Any offer that is a written communication relating to the Securities made prior to the initial filing of the Registration Statement by the Company or any person acting on its behalf (within the meaning, for this paragraph only, of Rule 163(c) of the 1933 Act Regulations) has been filed with the Commission in accordance with the exemption provided by Rule 163 under the 1933 Act Regulations ("Rule 163") and otherwise complied with the requirements of Rule 163, including without limitation the legending requirement, to qualify such offer for the exemption from Section 5(c) of the 1933 Act provided by Rule 163.
(iv) Testing-the-Waters Materials. The Company (A) has not alone engaged in any Testing-the-Waters Communication other than Testing-the-Waters Communications with the consent of the Representatives with entities that are qualified institutional buyers within the meaning of Rule 144A under the 1933 Act or institutions that are accredited investors within the meaning of Rule 501 under the 1933 Act and (B) has not authorized anyone other than the Representatives to engage in Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company reconfirms that the Representatives have been authorized to act on its behalf in undertaking Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company has not distributed or approved any Written Testing-the-Waters Communications other than those listed on Schedule D hereto.
(v) Company Not Ineligible Issuer. At the time of filing the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or another offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) of the 1933 Act Regulations) of the Securities and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an "ineligible issuer," as defined in Rule 405, including (A) the Company or any subsidiary of the Company in the preceding three years not having been convicted of a felony or misdemeanor or having been made the subject of a judicial or administrative decree or order as described in Rule 405 and (B) the Company in the preceding three years not having been the subject of a bankruptcy petition or insolvency or similar proceeding, not having had a registration statement be the subject of a proceeding under Section 8 of the 1933 Act and not being the subject of a proceeding under Section 8A of the 1933 Act in connection with the offering of the Securities, without taking account of any determination by the Commission pursuant to Rule 405 that it is not necessary that the Company be considered an ineligible issuer.
(vi) Emerging Growth Company Status. From the time of the filing of the Registration Statement with the Commission (or, if earlier, the first date on which the Company engaged directly or through any Person authorized to act on its behalf in any Testing-the-Waters Communication) through the date hereof, the Company has been and is an "emerging growth company," as defined in Section 2(a) of the 1933 Act (an "Emerging Growth Company").
(vii) Independent Accountants. The accountants who certified the financial statements and supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus are independent public accountants as required by the 1933 Act, the 1933 Act Regulations, the 1934 Act, the 1934 Act Regulations and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
(viii) Financial Statements. The financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, together with the related schedules and notes, present fairly in all material respects the financial
position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries at the dates indicated and the statement of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries for the periods specified; said financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved. The supporting schedules, if any, present fairly in all material respects in accordance with GAAP the information required to be stated therein. Except as included therein, no historical or pro forma financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus under the 1933 Act or the 1933 Act Regulations. The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission's rules and guidelines applicable thereto.
(ix) No Material Adverse Change in Business. Except as otherwise stated therein, since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, (A) there has been no material adverse change, nor any development or event involving a prospective material adverse change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, net worth, results of operations, properties, business affairs or business prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries considered as one enterprise, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business (a "Material Adverse Effect"), (B) there has been no material adverse change in the capital stock, short-term indebtedness, long-term indebtedness, net current assets or net assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (C) there have been no transactions entered into by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, other than those in the ordinary course of business, which are material with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries considered as one enterprise, (D) there have been no obligations, direct or contingent, that are material to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, incurred by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, except obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business, (E) there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made by the Company on any class of its capital stock and (F) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has sustained any material loss or interference with its business from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor disturbance or dispute or any action, order or decree of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority.
(x) Good Standing of the Company. The Company has been duly organized and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware and has corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement; and the Company is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to transact business and is in good standing in each other jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except where the failure so to qualify or to be in good standing would not result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(xi) Good Standing of Subsidiaries. Each "significant subsidiary" of the Company (as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X) (each, a "Subsidiary" and, collectively, the "Subsidiaries") has been duly organized and is validly existing in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, has corporate or similar power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and is duly qualified
to transact business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except where the failure to so qualify or to be in good standing would not result, singly or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Effect. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and would not result, singly or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Effect, or adversely affect the Subsidiaries’ ability to perform their obligations under this Agreement, all of the issued and outstanding capital stock, limited liability company interests or otherwise, as applicable, of each Subsidiary has been duly authorized and validly issued, is fully paid and non-assessable, and is owned by the Company, directly or through subsidiaries, free and clear of any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance, defect, claim or equity. Except as would not result, singly or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Effect, or adversely affect the Subsidiaries’ ability to perform their obligations under this Agreement, none of the outstanding shares of capital stock of any Subsidiary were issued in violation of the preemptive or similar rights of any securityholder of such Subsidiary. The Company does not have any additional Subsidiaries and does not own a material interest in or control, directly or indirectly, any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, trust or other business organization, except as set forth in Exhibit 21.1 to the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Commission.
(xii) Capitalization. The authorized, issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus in the column entitled "Actual" under the caption "Capitalization" (except for subsequent issuances, if any, pursuant to this Agreement, pursuant to reservations, agreements or employee benefit plans referred to in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or pursuant to the exercise of convertible securities or options referred to in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus). The outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable. None of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company were issued in violation of the preemptive or other similar rights of any securityholder of the Company.
(xiii) Authorization of Agreement. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.
(xiv) Authorization and Description of Securities. The Securities to be purchased by the Underwriters from the Company and all other outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company (including, without limitation, the CHESS Depositary Interests ("CDIs") of the Company that are listed on the stock exchange managed by ASX Limited (the "ASX")) have been duly authorized; the authorized equity capitalization of the Company is as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; all outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are, and, when the Securities have been delivered and paid for in accordance with this Agreement at the Closing Time, such Securities will have been, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, and will conform, in all material respects, to the information in the General Disclosure Package and to the description of such Securities contained in the Prospectus; the stockholders of the Company have no preemptive rights with respect to the Securities; and none of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company have been issued in violation of any preemptive or similar rights of any security holder of the Company. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no outstanding (A) securities or obligations of the Company convertible into or exchangeable for any capital stock of the Company, other than the CDIs, (B) warrants, rights or options to
subscribe for or purchase from the Company any such capital stock or any such convertible or exchangeable securities or obligations or (C) obligations of the Company to issue or sell any shares of capital stock, any such convertible or exchangeable securities or obligations or any such warrants, rights or options. The Company has not, directly or indirectly, offered or sold any of the Securities by means of any "prospectus" (within the meaning of the 1933 Act and the 1933 Act Regulations) or used any "prospectus" or made any offer (within the meaning of the 1933 Act and the 1933 Act Regulations) in connection with the offer or sale of the Securities, in each case other than in any preliminary prospectus, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, for issuance and sale to the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement and, when issued and delivered by the Company pursuant to this Agreement against payment of the consideration set forth herein, will be validly issued and fully paid and non-assessable; and the issuance of the Securities is not subject to the preemptive or other similar rights of any securityholder of the Company. The Common Stock conforms in all material respects to all statements relating thereto contained in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and such description conforms in all material respects to the rights set forth in the instruments defining the same. No holder of Securities will be subject to personal liability by reason of being such a holder.
(xv) Registration Rights. There are no persons with registration rights or other similar rights to have any securities registered for sale pursuant to the Registration Statement or otherwise registered for sale or sold by the Company under the 1933 Act pursuant to this Agreement, other than those rights that have been disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.
(xvi) No Finder’s Fees. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus and as contemplated by this Agreement, there are no contracts, agreements or understandings between the Company and any person that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or other like payment in connection with the offering and sale of the Securities.
(xvii) Absence of Violations, Defaults and Conflicts. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is (A) in violation of its charter, certificate of formation, by-laws, limited liability company agreement or similar organizational document, (B) in default in the performance or observance of any obligation, agreement, covenant or condition contained in any contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan or credit agreement, note, lease or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which it or any of them may be bound or to which any of the properties or assets of the Company or any subsidiary is subject (collectively, "Agreements and Instruments"), except for such defaults that would not, singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect, or (C) in violation of any law, statute, rule, regulation, judgment, order, writ or decree of any arbitrator, court, governmental body, regulatory body, administrative agency or other authority, body or agency having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective properties, assets or operations (each, a "Governmental Entity"), except for such violations that would not, singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein and in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (including the issuance and sale of the Securities and the use of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities as described therein under the caption "Use of Proceeds") and compliance by the Company with its obligations hereunder have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action and do not and will not, whether with or without the giving of notice or passage of time or both, conflict with
or constitute a breach of, or default or Repayment Event (as defined below) under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any properties or assets of the Company or any subsidiary pursuant to, the Agreements and Instruments (except for such conflicts, breaches, defaults or Repayment Events or liens, charges or encumbrances that would not, singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect), nor will such action result in any violation of the provisions of the charter, by-laws or similar organizational document of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any law, statute, rule, regulation, judgment, order, writ or decree of any Governmental Entity. As used herein, a "Repayment Event" means any event or condition which gives, or with the giving of notice or lapse of time would give, the holder of any note, debenture or other evidence of indebtedness (or any person acting on such holder’s behalf) the right to require the repurchase, redemption or repayment of all or a portion of such indebtedness by the Company or any of its subsidiaries.
(xviii) Absence of Labor Dispute. No labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, is imminent, and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is aware of any existing or imminent labor disturbance by the employees of any of the Company’s or any of its subsidiaries’ principal suppliers, manufacturers, customers or contractors, which, in either case, would, singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(xix) Absence of Proceedings. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there is no action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or brought by any Governmental Entity now pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened, against or affecting the Company or any of its subsidiaries, which, singly or in the aggregate, might result in a Material Adverse Effect, or which might materially and adversely affect their respective properties or assets or the consummation of the transactions contemplated in this Agreement or the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder; and the aggregate of all pending legal or governmental proceedings to which the Company or any such subsidiary is a party or of which any of their respective properties or assets is the subject which are not described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, including ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business, would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(xx) Accuracy of Exhibits. There are no contracts or documents which are required to be described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement which have not been so described and filed as required.
(xxi) Absence of Further Requirements. No filing with, or authorization, approval, consent, license, order, registration, qualification or decree of, any person (including any Governmental Entity) is necessary or required for the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder, in connection with the offering, issuance or sale of the Securities hereunder or the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except (A) such as have been already obtained or as may be required under the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act, the 1933 Act Regulations, the rules of the New York Stock Exchange (the "NYSE"), the rules of the ASX, state securities laws or the rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. ("FINRA").
(xxii) Possession of Licenses and Permits. The Company and its subsidiaries possess such permits, licenses, approvals, consents, exploration permits and other authorizations (collectively, "Governmental Licenses") issued by the appropriate Governmental Entities necessary or material to the conduct of the business now operated or proposed to be operated by them, except where the failure so to possess would not, singly or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms and conditions of all Governmental Licenses, except where the failure so to comply would not, singly or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. All of the Governmental Licenses are valid and in full force and effect, except when the invalidity of such Governmental Licenses or the failure of such Governmental Licenses to be in full force and effect would not, singly or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Governmental Licenses which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, would result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(xxiii) Title to Property. The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title to, or have valid rights to lease or otherwise use, all real property owned by them and good title to all other properties owned by them, in each case, free and clear of all mortgages, pledges, liens, security interests, claims, restrictions, defects, imperfections or encumbrances of any kind except such as (A) are described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or (B) do not, singly or in the aggregate, materially affect the value of such property and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company or any of its subsidiaries; and all of the leases and subleases material to the business of the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one enterprise, and under which the Company or any of its subsidiaries holds properties described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, are in full force and effect, and neither the Company nor any such subsidiary has any notice of any material claim of any sort that has been asserted by anyone adverse to the rights of the Company or any subsidiary under any of the leases or subleases mentioned above, or affecting or questioning the rights of the Company or such subsidiary to the continued possession of the leased or subleased premises under any such lease or sublease.
(xxiv) Possession of Intellectual Property. The Company and its subsidiaries own or possess, or can acquire on reasonable terms, adequate patents, patent rights, licenses, inventions, copyrights, know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures), trademarks, service marks, trade names or other intellectual property (collectively, "Intellectual Property") necessary to carry on the business now operated by them, or presently employed by them, and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice or is otherwise aware of any infringement of or conflict with asserted rights of others with respect to any Intellectual Property or of any facts or circumstances which would render any Intellectual Property invalid or inadequate to protect the interest of the Company or any of its subsidiaries therein, and which infringement or conflict (if the subject of any unfavorable decision, ruling or finding) or invalidity or inadequacy, singly or in the aggregate, would result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(xxv) Environmental Laws. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or would not, singly or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Effect, (A) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of
any federal, state, local or foreign statute, law, rule, regulation, ordinance, code, policy or rule of common law or any judicial or administrative interpretation thereof, including any judicial or administrative order, consent, decree or judgment, relating to pollution or protection of human health (to the extent related to exposure to Hazardous Materials), the environment (including, without limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), wildlife, natural resources, including, without limitation, laws and regulations relating to the release or threatened release of chemicals, pollutants, contaminants, wastes, toxic substances, hazardous substances, petroleum or petroleum products, by-products or breakdown products, radioactive materials, asbestos, asbestos-containing materials, polychlorinated biphenyls or mold (collectively, "Hazardous Materials") or to the manufacture, generation, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage, discharge, disposal, transport, handling or release of, or exposure to, Hazardous Materials (collectively, "Environmental Laws"), (B) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is conducting or funding, in whole or in part, any investigation, remediation, monitoring or other corrective action pursuant to any Environmental Law, including to address any actual or suspected Hazardous Materials, (C) the Company and its subsidiaries have all permits, licenses, authorizations, identification numbers and approvals required under any applicable Environmental Laws and are each in compliance with their requirements, (D) there are no pending or threatened administrative, regulatory or judicial actions, suits, demands, demand letters, claims, liens, notices of noncompliance or violation, investigations or proceedings relating to any actual or alleged liability under, or violation of, any Environmental Law, including with respect to any Hazardous Materials, against the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (E) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is party to any order, decree or agreement that imposes any obligation or liability under any Environmental Law and (E) there are no events, facts or circumstances that would reasonably be expected to form the basis of an order for clean-up or remediation, or an action, suit or proceeding by any private party or Governmental Entity, against or affecting the Company or any of its subsidiaries relating to Hazardous Materials or any Environmental Laws.
(xxvi) Accounting Controls and Disclosure Controls. The Company and each of its subsidiaries maintain effective internal control over financial reporting (as defined under Rule 13-a15 and 15d-15 under the 1934 Act Regulations) and a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (A) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (B) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets; (C) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (D) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences; and (E) the interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and is prepared in accordance with the Commission's rules and guidelines applicable thereto. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, since the end of the Company’s most recent audited fiscal year, there has been (1) no material weakness in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (whether or not remediated) and (2) no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. The Company and each of its subsidiaries maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15 and Rule 15d-15 under the 1934 Act Regulations) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it
files or submits under the 1934 Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive officer or officers and principal financial officer or officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding disclosure.
(xxvii) Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or any of the Company’s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply in all respects with any provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith, including Section 402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related to certifications that are in effect and with which the Company is required to comply.
(xxviii) Payment of Taxes. The Company and each of its subsidiaries have filed all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax returns that are required to have been filed by them through the date of this Agreement, subject to permitted extensions, except insofar as the failure to file such returns would not result, singly or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Effect, and have paid all taxes due pursuant to such returns or pursuant to any assessment received by the Company and its subsidiaries, except for such taxes, if any, as are being contested in good faith and as to which adequate reserves have been established by the Company or the failure of which to pay would not, result, singly or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Effect. The charges, accruals and reserves on the books of the Company in respect of tax liability for any years not finally determined are adequate to meet any assessments or re-assessments for additional tax for any years not finally determined, except to the extent of any inadequacy that would not result, singly or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Effect.
(xxix) Insurance. The Company and its subsidiaries carry or are entitled to the benefits of insurance, with financially sound and reputable insurers, in such amounts and covering such losses and risks as is generally and customarily maintained by companies of established repute engaged in the same or similar business, and all policies of insurance and fidelity or surety bonds insuring the Company or any of its subsidiaries or their respective businesses, assets, employees, officers and directors are in full force and effect. The Company and its subsidiaries are in compliance with the terms of such policies and instruments in all material respects. There are no claims by the Company or any of its subsidiaries under any such policy or instrument as to which any insurance company is denying liability or defending under a reservation of rights clause. The Company has no reason to believe that it or any of its subsidiaries will not be able (A) to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such policies expire or (B) to obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted and at a cost that would not result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither of the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has been denied any insurance coverage which it has sought or for which it has applied.
(xxx) Investment Company Act. The Company is not required, and upon the issuance and sale of the Securities as herein contemplated and the application of the net proceeds therefrom as described in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus will not be required, to register as an "investment company" under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
(xxxi) Absence of Manipulation. Neither the Company, its subsidiaries nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any other affiliate of the Company has taken, nor will the Company, its subsidiaries or, to the Company’s knowledge, any affiliate take, directly or indirectly, any action which is designed, or would be expected, to cause or result in, or which constitutes, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Securities or to result in a violation of Regulation M under the 1934 Act.
(xxxii) No Unlawful Payments. None of the Company, any of its subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, any director, officer, agent, employee, affiliate or other person acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates has (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) taken or will take any action in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay, or authorization or approval of the payment or giving of money, property, gifts or anything else of value, directly or indirectly, to any government official, including any officer or employee of a government or government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate for political office ("Governmental Official") to influence official action or secure an improper advantage, (iii) made, offered, agreed, requested or taken an act in furtherance of any unlawful bribe or other unlawful benefit, including, without limitation, any rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful or improper payment or benefit, to any Government Official or other person or entity and (iv) is aware of or has taken any action, directly or indirectly, that would result in a violation by such persons of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the "FCPA"), or any applicable law or regulation implementing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, or committed an offence under the Bribery Act 2010 of the United Kingdom or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law, including, without limitation, making use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate commerce corruptly in furtherance of an offer, payment, promise to pay or authorization of the payment of any money, or other property, gift, promise to give, or authorization of the giving of anything of value to any "foreign official" (as such term is defined in the FCPA) or any foreign political party or official thereof or any candidate for foreign political office, in contravention of the FCPA and the Company and, to the knowledge of the Company and its subsidiaries, their affiliates have conducted their businesses in compliance with the FCPA and applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws and have instituted and maintain policies and procedures designed to ensure, and which are reasonably expected to continue to ensure, continued compliance with such laws and with the representation and warranty contained herein.
(xxxiii) Money Laundering Laws. The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with all applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended by Title III of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act) and the applicable money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions where the Company and its subsidiaries conduct business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any Governmental Entity (collectively, the "Money Laundering Laws"); and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any Governmental Entity involving the
Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company and its subsidiaries, threatened.
(xxxiv) OFAC. None of the Company, any of its subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, any director, officer, agent, employee, affiliate or representative of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is an individual or entity ("Person") that is currently in breach or violation of any Sanctions (as defined below) or is a Person that is, or is owned or controlled by a Person that is: the subject or target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. government (including, without limitation, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control or the U.S. Department of State and including, without limitation, the designation as a "specially designated national" or "blocked person"), the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty’s Treasury, the Swiss Secretariat of Economic Affairs, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, the Monetary Authority of Singapore or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, "Sanctions"), nor is the Company or any of its subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or target of Sanctions including, without limitation, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, Syria, Russia, Belarus, the so-called People’s Republic of Donetsk, the so-called People’s Republic of Luhansk, Crimea and any other covered region of Ukraine identified pursuant to Executive Order 14065 (each, a "Sanctioned Country"); and the Company will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the sale of the Securities, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other Person: (i) to fund or facilitate any activities or business of or with any Person or in any country or territory that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject or target of any Sanctions, (ii) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business in any Sanctioned Country or (iii) in any other manner that will result in a violation of Sanctions by any Person (including any Person participating in the offering, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise). Since April 24, 2019, the Company and its subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in, are not now knowingly engaged in, and will not engage in, any dealings or transactions with any Person, or in any country or territory, that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or target of Sanctions.
(xxxv) [Reserved.]
(xxxvi) Lending Relationship. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company and its subsidiaries (i) do not have any material lending or other relationship with any bank or lending affiliate of any Underwriter and (ii) do not intend to use any of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities to repay any outstanding debt owed to any affiliate of any Underwriter.
(xxxvii) Statistical and Market-Related Data. Any statistical and market-related data included in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package, the Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication are based on or derived from sources that the Company believes to be reliable and accurate.
(xxxviii) Cybersecurity. (A) Except as would not, singly or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, to the knowledge of the Company there has been no security breach or incident, unauthorized access or disclosure, or other compromise of or relating to the Company or its subsidiaries information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data and databases (including the data and information of their respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third party data maintained,
processed or stored by the Company and its subsidiaries, and any such data processed or stored by third parties on behalf of the Company and its subsidiaries), equipment or technology (collectively, "IT Systems and Data"), (B) neither the Company nor its subsidiaries have been notified of, and each of them have no knowledge of any event or condition that could result in, any security breach or incident, unauthorized access or disclosure or other compromise to their IT Systems and Data and (C) the Company and its subsidiaries have implemented commercially reasonable and appropriate controls, policies, procedures, and technological safeguards to maintain and protect the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of their IT Systems and Data reasonably consistent with industry standards and practices, or as required by applicable regulatory standards. The Company and its subsidiaries are presently in material compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification, except as would not, singly or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(xxxix) Operational Information. The factual information underlying the operational information of the Company and its subsidiaries included in the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, including, without limitation, production, costs of operation and development, current prices for production, agreements relating to current and future operations and sales of production, was true and correct in all material respects on the dates such estimates were made and such information was supplied and was prepared in accordance with customary industry practices.
(xl) No Ratings. Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries have any debt securities, convertible securities or preferred stock that are rated by any "nationally recognized statistical rating organization" (as defined in Section 3(a)(62) of the 1934 Act).
(xli) Compliance with ERISA. (i) Each employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"), for which the Company or any member of its "Controlled Group" (defined as any entity, whether or not incorporated, that is under common control with the Company within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(14) of ERISA or any entity that would be regarded as a single employer with the Company under Section 414(b),(c),(m) or (o) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code")) would have any liability (each, a "Plan") has been maintained, operated and administered in compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to ERISA and the Code; (ii) no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred with respect to any Plan, excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption; (iii) for each Plan that is subject to the funding rules of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, no Plan has failed (whether or not waived), or is reasonably expected to fail, to satisfy the minimum funding standards (within the meaning of Section 302 of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code) applicable to such Plan; (iv) no Plan is, or is reasonably expected to be, in "at risk status" (within the meaning of Section 303(i) of ERISA) and no Plan that is a "multiemployer plan" within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA is in "endangered status" or "critical status" (within the meaning of Sections 304 and 305 of ERISA) (v) the fair market value of the assets of each Plan exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued under such Plan (determined based on those assumptions used to fund such Plan); (vi) no
"reportable event" (within the meaning of Section 4043(c) of ERISA and the regulations promulgated thereunder) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur; (vii) each Plan that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified, and nothing has occurred, whether by action or by failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification; (viii) neither the Company nor any member of the Controlled Group has incurred, nor reasonably expects to incur, any liability under Title IV of ERISA (other than contributions to the Plan or premiums to the Pension Benefit Guarantee Corporation, in the ordinary course and without default) in respect of a Plan (including a "multiemployer plan" within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA); and (ix) none of the following events has occurred or is reasonably likely to occur: (A) a material increase in the aggregate amount of contributions required to be made to all Plans by the Company or its Controlled Group affiliates in the current fiscal year of the Company and its Controlled Group affiliates compared to the amount of such contributions made in the Company’s and its Controlled Group affiliates’ most recently completed fiscal year; or (B) a material increase in the Company and its subsidiaries’ "accumulated post-retirement benefit obligations" (within the meaning of Accounting Standards Codification Topic 715-60) compared to the amount of such obligations in the Company and its subsidiaries’ most recently completed fiscal year, except in each case with respect to the events or conditions set forth in (i) through (ix) hereof, as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.
(b) Officer’s Certificates. Any certificate signed by any officer of the Company or any of its subsidiaries delivered to the Representatives or to counsel for the Underwriters shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to each Underwriter as to the matters covered thereby.
SECTION 2. Sale and Delivery to Underwriters; Closing.
(a) Initial Securities. On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company agrees to sell to each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, and each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, agrees to purchase from the Company, at the price per share set forth in Schedule A, that number of Initial Securities set forth in Schedule A opposite the name of such Underwriter, plus any additional number of Initial Securities which such Underwriter may become obligated to purchase pursuant to the provisions of Section 10 hereof, subject, in each case, to such adjustments among the Underwriters as the Representatives in their sole discretion shall make to eliminate any sales or purchases of fractional shares.
(b) Option Securities. In addition, on the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company hereby grants an option to the Underwriters, severally and not jointly, to purchase up to an additional 348,666 shares of Common Stock, at the price per share set forth in Schedule A, less an amount per share equal to any dividends or distributions declared by the Company and payable on the Initial Securities but not payable on the Option Securities. The option hereby granted may be exercised for 30 days after the date hereof and may be exercised in whole or in part at any time from time to time upon notice by the Representatives to the Company setting forth the number of Option Securities as to which the several Underwriters are then exercising the option and the time and date of payment and delivery for such Option Securities. Any such time and date of delivery (a "Date of Delivery") shall be determined by the Representatives but shall not be later than seven full business days after the exercise of said option, nor in any event prior to the Closing Time. If the option is exercised as to all or any portion of the Option Securities, each of the Underwriters, acting severally and not jointly, will purchase that proportion of the total number of Option Securities then being purchased which the number of Initial Securities set forth in Schedule A opposite the name of such Underwriter bears to the total number of Initial Securities, subject, in each case, to such
adjustments as the Representatives in their sole discretion shall make to eliminate any sales or purchases of fractional shares.
(c) Payment. Payment of the purchase price for, and delivery of certificates or security entitlements for, the Initial Securities shall be made at the offices of Clifford Chance US LLP, 845 Texas Avenue, Houston, Texas 77002, or at such other place as shall be agreed upon by the Representatives and the Company, at 10:00 A.M. (New York City time) on the first (second, if the pricing occurs after 4:00 P.M. (New York City time) on any given day) business day after the date hereof (unless postponed in accordance with the provisions of Section 10), or such other time not later than ten business days after such date as shall be agreed upon by the Representatives and the Company (such time and date of payment and delivery being herein called the "Closing Time").
In addition, in the event that any or all of the Option Securities are purchased by the Underwriters, payment of the purchase price for, and delivery of certificates or security entitlements for, such Option Securities shall be made at the above-mentioned offices, or at such other place as shall be agreed upon by the Representatives and the Company, on each Date of Delivery as specified in the notice from the Representatives to the Company.
Payment shall be made to the Company by wire transfer of immediately available funds to a bank account designated by the Company against delivery to the Representatives for the respective accounts of the Underwriters of certificates or security entitlements for the Securities to be purchased by them. It is understood that each Underwriter has authorized the Representatives, for its account, to accept delivery of, receipt for, and make payment of the purchase price for, the Initial Securities and the Option Securities, if any, which it has agreed to purchase. Each of RBC and Wells Fargo, individually and not as representative of the Underwriters, may (but shall not be obligated to) make payment of the purchase price for the Initial Securities or the Option Securities, if any, to be purchased by any Underwriter whose funds have not been received by the Closing Time or the relevant Date of Delivery, as the case may be, but such payment shall not relieve such Underwriter from its obligations hereunder.
SECTION 3. Covenants of the Company. The Company covenants with each Underwriter as follows:
(a) Compliance with Securities Regulations and Commission Requests. The Company, subject to Section 3(b), will comply with the requirements of Rule 430B, and will notify the Representatives immediately, and confirm the notice in writing, (i) when any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement shall become effective or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus shall have been filed, (ii) of the receipt of any comments from the Commission, (iii) of any request by the Commission for any amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus, including any document incorporated by reference therein, or for additional information, (iv) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus, or of the suspension of the qualification of the Securities for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceedings for any of such purposes or of any examination pursuant to Section 8(d) or 8(e) of the 1933 Act concerning the Registration Statement and (v) if the Company becomes the subject of a proceeding under Section 8A of the 1933 Act in connection with the offering of the Securities. The Company will effect all filings required under Rule 424(b), in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) (without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8)), and will take such steps as it deems necessary to ascertain promptly whether the form of prospectus transmitted for filing under Rule 424(b) was received for filing by the Commission
and, in the event that it was not, it will promptly file such prospectus. The Company will make every reasonable effort to prevent the issuance of any stop order, prevention or suspension and, if any such order is issued, to obtain the lifting thereof at the earliest possible moment.
(b) Continued Compliance with Securities Laws. The Company will comply with the 1933 Act, the 1933 Act Regulations, the 1934 Act, and the 1934 Act Regulations so as to permit the completion of the distribution of the Securities as contemplated in this Agreement and in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. If at any time when a prospectus relating to the Securities is (or, but for the exception afforded by Rule 172 of the 1933 Act Regulations ("Rule 172"), would be) required by the 1933 Act to be delivered by any Underwriter or dealer in connection with sales of the Securities, any event shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which it is necessary, in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters or for the Company, to (i) amend the Registration Statement in order that the Registration Statement will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (ii) amend or supplement the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus in order that the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, as the case may be, will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading in the light of the circumstances existing at the time it is delivered to a purchaser or (iii) amend the Registration Statement or amend or supplement the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, as the case may be, in order to comply with the requirements of the 1933 Act or the 1933 Act Regulations, the Company will promptly (A) give the Representatives notice of such event, (B) prepare any amendment or supplement as may be necessary to correct such statement or omission or to make the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus comply with such requirements and, a reasonable amount of time prior to any proposed filing or use, furnish the Representatives with copies of any such amendment or supplement and (C) file with the Commission any such amendment or supplement; provided that the Company shall not file or use any such amendment or supplement to which the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters shall reasonably object. The Company, at its own expense, will furnish to the Underwriters such number of copies of such amendment or supplement as the Underwriters may reasonably request. The Company has given the Representatives notice of any filings made pursuant to the 1934 Act or 1934 Act Regulations within 48 hours prior to the Applicable Time; the Company will give the Representatives notice of its intention to make any such filing from the Applicable Time to the Closing Time and will furnish the Representatives with copies of any such documents a reasonable amount of time prior to such proposed filing, as the case may be, and will not file or use any such document to which the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters shall reasonably object. Neither the Representatives’ consent to, nor the Underwriters’ delivery of, any such amendment or supplement shall constitute a waiver of any of the conditions set forth in Section 7 hereof.
(c) Delivery of Registration Statements. If requested in writing, the Company will deliver to the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters, without charge, signed copies of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (including exhibits filed therewith or incorporated by reference therein and documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference therein) and signed copies of all consents and certificates of experts, and will also deliver to the Representatives, without charge, a conformed copy of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (without exhibits) for each of the Underwriters. The copies of the Registration Statement and each amendment thereto furnished to the Underwriters will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.
(d) Delivery of Prospectuses. The Company has delivered to each Underwriter, without charge, as many copies of each preliminary prospectus as such Underwriter reasonably requested, and the Company hereby consents to the use of such copies for purposes permitted by the 1933 Act. The Company will furnish to each Underwriter, without charge, during the period when a prospectus relating to the Securities is (or, but for the exception afforded by Rule 172, would be) required to be delivered under the 1933 Act, such number of copies of the Prospectus (as amended or supplemented) as such Underwriter may reasonably request. The Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto furnished to the Underwriters will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.
(e) Blue Sky Qualifications. The Company will use its best efforts, in cooperation with the Underwriters, to qualify the Securities for offering and sale under the applicable securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions (domestic or foreign) as the Representatives may designate and to maintain such qualifications in effect so long as required to complete the distribution of the Securities; provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to file any general consent to service of process or to qualify as a foreign corporation or as a dealer in securities in any jurisdiction in which it is not so qualified or to subject itself to taxation in respect of doing business in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise so subject.
(f) Rule 158. The Company will timely file such reports pursuant to the 1934 Act as are necessary in order to make generally available to its securityholders as soon as practicable an earnings statement for the purposes of, and to provide to the Underwriters the benefits contemplated by, the last paragraph of Section 11(a) of the 1933 Act.
(g) Use of Proceeds. The Company will use the net proceeds received by it from the sale of the Securities in the manner specified in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under "Use of Proceeds."
(h) Listing. The Company will use its best efforts to effect and maintain the listing of the Securities on the NYSE. The Company will use its best efforts to maintain all approvals required under the ASX regarding the listing of its CDIs.
(i) Restriction on Sale of Securities. During a period of 60 days from the date of the Prospectus (the "Lock-Up Period"), the Company will not, without the prior written consent of RBC and Wells Fargo, (i) directly or indirectly, offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase or otherwise transfer or dispose of any shares of Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock or file any registration statement under the 1933 Act with respect to any of the foregoing (except the filing by the Company of any registration statement on Form S-8 (or any successor form) with the Commission relating to the offering of securities pursuant to the terms of an equity incentive or similar plans described in the General Disclosure Package) or (ii) enter into any swap or any other agreement or any transaction that transfers, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, the economic consequence of ownership of the Common Stock, whether any such swap or transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or other securities, in cash or otherwise. The foregoing sentence shall not apply to (A) the Securities to be sold hereunder, (B) any shares of Common Stock issued by the Company upon the vesting or exercise of a restricted stock unit, option or warrant or the conversion of a security outstanding on the date hereof and referred to in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (C) any shares of Common Stock issued or options to purchase Common Stock granted pursuant to existing
employee benefit plans of the Company referred to in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (D) any shares of Common Stock issued pursuant to any non-employee director stock plan or dividend reinvestment plan referred to in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (E) issuances of shares of Common Stock to shareholders of Falcon Oil & Gas Ltd. ("Falcon") as contemplated by the Arrangement Agreement, dated September 30, 2025, among the Company, Tamboran (Beetaloo) Pty Ltd, Tamboran Resources Investments Holding Corporation and Falcon, (F) any shares of Common Stock issued in connection with a bona fide merger, consolidation, acquisition of securities, businesses, property or other assets, joint venture, collaboration, licensing or strategic alliances or other similar transactions provided that the aggregate number of Securities issued pursuant to this clause (F) shall not exceed 10% of the total number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding immediately following the completion of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or (G) the establishment of a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the 1934 Act for the transfer of shares of Common Stock, provided that no direct or indirect offers, pledges, sales, contracts to sell, sales of any option or contract to purchase, purchases of any option or contract to sell, grants of any option, right or warrant to purchase, loans, or other transfers or disposals of any Securities or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Securities may be effected pursuant to such plan during the Lock-Up Period.
(j) [Reserved.]
(k) Reporting Requirements. The Company, during the period when a Prospectus relating to the Securities is (or, but for the exception afforded by Rule 172, would be) required to be delivered under the 1933 Act, will file all documents required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to the 1934 Act within the time periods required by the 1934 Act and 1934 Act Regulations. Additionally, the Company shall report the use of proceeds from the issuance of the Securities as may be required under Rule 463 under the 1933 Act.
(l) Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company represents and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior written consent of the Representatives, it has not made and will not make any offer relating to the Securities that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or that would otherwise constitute a "free writing prospectus," as defined in Rule 405, or a portion thereof, required to be filed by the Company with the Commission or retained by the Company under Rule 433; provided that the Representatives will be deemed to have consented to the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses listed on Schedule B-2 hereto and any "road show that is a written communication" within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i) that has been reviewed by the Representatives. The Company represents that it has treated or agrees that it will treat each such free writing prospectus consented to, or deemed consented to, by the Representatives as an "issuer free writing prospectus," as defined in Rule 433, and that it has complied and will comply with the applicable requirements of Rule 433 with respect thereto, including timely filing with the Commission where required, legending and record keeping. If at any time following issuance of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus conflicted or would conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus or included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company will promptly notify the Representatives and will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict, untrue statement or omission. The Company represents that it has satisfied and agrees that it will satisfy the conditions in Rule 433 to avoid a requirement to file with the Commission any electronic road show.
(n) [Reserved.]
(o) Testing-the-Waters Materials. If at any time following the distribution of any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Written Testing-the-Waters Communication included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company will promptly notify the Representatives and will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Written Testing-the-Waters Communication to eliminate or correct such untrue statement or omission.
(p) Emerging Growth Company Status. The Company will promptly notify the Representatives if the Company ceases to be an Emerging Growth Company at any time prior to the later of (i) completion of the distribution of the Securities within the meaning of the 1933 Act and (ii) completion of the Lock-Up Period.
SECTION 4. Payment of Expenses.
(a) Expenses. The Company will pay or cause to be paid all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this Agreement, including (i) the preparation, printing and filing of the Registration Statement (including financial statements and exhibits) as originally filed and each amendment thereto, (ii) the preparation, printing and delivery to the Underwriters of copies of each preliminary prospectus, each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto and any costs associated with electronic delivery of any of the foregoing by the Underwriters to investors, (iii) the preparation, issuance and delivery of the certificates or security entitlements for the Securities to the Underwriters, including any stock or other transfer taxes and any stamp or other duties payable upon the sale, issuance or delivery of the Securities to the Underwriters, (iv) the fees and disbursements of the Company’s counsel, accountants and other advisors, (v) the qualification of the Securities under securities laws in accordance with the provisions of Section 3(e) hereof, including filing fees and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters in connection therewith and in connection with the preparation of the Blue Sky Survey and any supplement thereto, (vi) the fees and expenses of any transfer agent or registrar for the Securities, (vii) the costs and expenses of the Company relating to investor presentations on any "road show" undertaken in connection with the marketing of the Securities, including without limitation, expenses associated with the production of road show slides and graphics, fees and expenses of any consultants engaged by the Company in connection with the road show presentations, travel and lodging expenses of the representatives and officers of the Company and any such consultants, and the cost of aircraft and other transportation chartered in connection with the road show, (viii) the filing fees incident to, and the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the Underwriters in connection with, the review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Securities (provided that, the amount payable by the Company with respect to the fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters incurred pursuant to this clause (viii) and clause (v) above of this Section 4(a) shall not exceed $25,000 in the aggregate), (ix) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Securities on the NYSE, and (x) the reasonable costs and expenses (including, without limitation, any damages or other amounts payable in connection with legal or contractual liability) associated with the reforming of any contracts for sale of the Securities made by the Underwriters caused by a breach of the representation contained in the third sentence of Section 1(a)(ii).
(b) Termination of Agreement. If this Agreement is terminated by the Representatives in accordance with the provisions of Section 5, Section 9(a)(i) or (iii) or Section 10 hereof, the Company shall reimburse the Underwriters for all of their out-of-pocket expenses, including the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters; provided, however, that if this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 10 hereof, the Company shall only be required to reimburse the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses (including the reasonable and documented fees and disbursements of counsel for the Underwriters) of, or attributable to, the Underwriters that have not failed to purchase the Securities that they have agreed to purchase hereunder.
(c) Allocation of Expenses. The provisions of this Section 4 shall not affect any agreement that the Company may make for the sharing of such costs and expenses.
SECTION 5. Conditions of Underwriters’ Obligations. The obligations of the several Underwriters hereunder are subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein or in certificates of any officer of the Company or any of its subsidiaries delivered pursuant to the provisions hereof, to the performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder, and to the following further conditions:
(a) Effectiveness of Registration Statement. The Registration Statement, including any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, has become effective and, at the Closing Time, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto has been issued under the 1933 Act, no order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus has been issued and no proceedings for any of those purposes have been instituted or are pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, contemplated; and the Company has complied with each request (if any) from the Commission for additional information.
(b) No Material Adverse Change. Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and except as set forth or contemplated by the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there shall not have occurred (i) any change, or any development or event involving a prospective change, in the condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, business, properties or prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole which, in the judgment of the Representatives, is material and adverse and makes it impractical or inadvisable to market the Securities; (ii) any downgrading in the rating of any debt securities of the Company by any "nationally recognized statistical rating organization" (as defined in Section 3(a)(62) of the 1934 Act), or any public announcement that any such organization has under surveillance or review its rating of any debt securities of the Company (other than an announcement with positive implications of a possible upgrading, and no implication of a possible downgrading, of such rating); (iii) any change in either U.S. or international financial, political or economic conditions or currency exchange rates or exchange controls the effect of which is such as to make it, in the judgment of the Representatives, impractical or inadvisable to market or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Securities, whether in the primary market or in respect of dealings in the secondary market; (iv) any suspension or material limitation of trading in securities generally on the NYSE or the Nasdaq Stock Market, or any setting of minimum or maximum prices for trading on such exchange; (v) any suspension of trading of any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market; (vi) any banking moratorium declared by any U.S. federal or New York authorities; (vii) any major disruption of settlements of securities, payment or clearance services in the United States or any other country where such securities are listed or (viii) any attack on, outbreak or escalation of hostilities or act of terrorism involving the United States, any declaration of war by Congress or any other national or international calamity or emergency if, in the judgment of the Representatives, the effect of
any such attack, outbreak, escalation, act, declaration, calamity or emergency is such as to make it impractical or inadvisable to market the Securities or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Securities.
(c) Opinion and 10b-5 Statement of Counsel for Company. At the Closing Time, the Representatives shall have received the favorable opinion and 10b-5 statement, dated the Closing Time, of Latham & Watkins LLP, counsel for the Company, together with the favorable opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright Australia, special Australian counsel for the Company, each in form and substance satisfactory to counsel for the Underwriters, together with signed or reproduced copies of such letter for each of the other Underwriters to the effect set forth in Exhibits A-1 and A-2, respectively, hereto and to such further effect as counsel to the Underwriters may reasonably request.
(d) Opinion of Counsel for Underwriters. At the Closing Time, the Representatives shall have received the favorable opinion, dated the Closing Time, of Clifford Chance US LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, together with signed or reproduced copies of such letter for each of the other Underwriters with respect to the matters set forth in Exhibit A and other related matters as the Representatives may require. In giving such opinion such counsel may rely, as to all matters governed by the laws of jurisdictions other than the law of the State of New York, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware and the federal securities laws of the United States, upon the opinions of counsel satisfactory to the Representatives. Such counsel may also state that, insofar as such opinion involves factual matters, they have relied, to the extent they deem proper, upon certificates of officers and other representatives of the Company and its subsidiaries and certificates of public officials.
(e) Officers’ Certificate. At the Closing Time, there shall not have been, since the date hereof or since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, any material adverse change in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business affairs or business prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries considered as one enterprise, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, and the Representatives shall have received a certificate of the Chief Executive Officer or the President of the Company and of the chief financial or chief accounting officer of the Company, dated the Closing Time, to the effect that (i) there has been no such material adverse change, (ii) the representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct with the same force and effect as though expressly made at and as of the Closing Time, (iii) the Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to the Closing Time, and (iv) no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement under the 1933 Act has been issued, no order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus has been issued and no proceedings for any of those purposes have been instituted or are pending or, to their knowledge, contemplated.
(f) Accountant’s Comfort Letter. At the time of the execution of this Agreement, the Representatives shall have received from Ernst & Young a letter, dated such date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives, together with signed or reproduced copies of such letter for each of the other Underwriters containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountants’ "comfort letters" to underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.
(g) Bring-down Accountant’s Comfort Letter. At the Closing Time, the Representatives shall have received from Ernst & Young a letter, dated as of the Closing Time, to the effect that they reaffirm the statements made in the letter furnished pursuant to subsection (f) of this Section, except that the specified date referred to shall be a date not more than three business days prior to the Closing Time.
(h) Approval of Listing. At the Closing Time, the Securities shall have been approved for listing on the NYSE, subject only to official notice of issuance.
(i) No Objection. FINRA has confirmed that it has not raised any objection with respect to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements relating to the offering of the Securities.
(j) Lock-up Agreements. At the date of this Agreement, the Representatives shall have received an agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit B hereto signed by the persons listed on Schedule C hereto.
(k) Conditions to Purchase of Option Securities. In the event that the Underwriters exercise their option provided in Section 2(b) hereof to purchase all or any portion of the Option Securities, the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein and the statements in any certificates furnished by the Company and any of its subsidiaries hereunder shall be true and correct as of each Date of Delivery and, at the relevant Date of Delivery, the Representatives shall have received:
(i) Officers’ Certificate. A certificate, dated such Date of Delivery, of the President or a Vice President of the Company and of the chief financial or chief accounting officer of the Company confirming that the certificate delivered at the Closing Time pursuant to Section 5(e) hereof remains true and correct as of such Date of Delivery.
(ii) Opinion of Counsel for Company. If requested by the Representatives, the favorable opinion of Latham & Watkins LLP, counsel for the Company, together with the favorable opinion of Norton Rose Fulbright Australia, special Australian counsel for the Company, each in form and substance satisfactory to counsel for the Underwriters, dated such Date of Delivery, relating to the Option Securities to be purchased on such Date of Delivery and otherwise to the same effect as the opinion required by Section 5(c) hereof.
(iii) Opinion of Counsel for Underwriters. If requested by the Representatives, the favorable opinion of Clifford Chance US LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, dated such Date of Delivery, relating to the Option Securities to be purchased on such Date of Delivery and otherwise to the same effect as the opinion required by Section 5(d) hereof.
(iv) Bring-down Accountant’s Comfort Letter. If requested by the Representatives, a letter from Ernst & Young, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives and dated such Date of Delivery, substantially in the same form and substance as the letter furnished to the Representatives pursuant to Section 5(f) hereof, except that the "specified date" in the letter furnished pursuant to this paragraph shall be a date not more than three business days prior to such Date of Delivery.
(l) Additional Documents. At the Closing Time and at each Date of Delivery (if any) counsel for the Underwriters shall have been furnished with such documents and opinions as they may require for the purpose of enabling them to pass upon the issuance and sale of the Securities as herein contemplated, or in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations or warranties, or the fulfillment of any of the conditions, herein contained; and all proceedings taken by the Company in connection with the issuance and sale of the Securities as herein contemplated shall be satisfactory in form and substance to the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters.
(m) Termination of Agreement. If any condition specified in this Section shall not have been fulfilled when and as required to be fulfilled, this Agreement, or, in the case of any condition to the purchase of Option Securities on a Date of Delivery which is after the Closing Time, the obligations of the several Underwriters to purchase the relevant Option Securities, may be terminated by the Representatives by notice to the Company at any time at or prior to Closing Time or such Date of Delivery, as the case may be, and such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except as provided in Section 4 and except that Sections 1, 6, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16 and 17 shall survive any such termination and remain in full force and effect.
(n) Opinions, Certificates, Letters and Documents. The Company will furnish the Representatives with such conformed copies of such opinions, certificates, letters and documents as the Representatives reasonably request. All opinions, letters, certificates and documents mentioned above or elsewhere in this Agreement shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions hereof only if they are in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel for the Underwriters.
SECTION 6. Indemnification.
(a) Indemnification of Underwriters. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter and the directors, officers, employees, affiliates (as such term is defined in Rule 501(b) under the 1933 Act (each, an "Affiliate")) and agents of each Underwriter, and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act as follows:
(i) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), including any information deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to Rule 430B, or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact included (A) in any preliminary prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or (B) in any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the offering of the Securities ("Marketing Materials"), including any roadshow or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically), or the omission or alleged omission in any preliminary prospectus, Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication, Prospectus or in any Marketing Materials of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;
(ii) against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, to the extent of the aggregate amount paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or of any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission; provided that (subject to Section 6(d) below) any such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company;
(iii) against any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel chosen by the Representatives), reasonably incurred in
investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement or omission, to the extent that any such expense is not paid under (i) or (ii) above;
provided, however, that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense to the extent arising out of any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), including any information deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to Rule 430B, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information.
(b) Indemnification of Company, Directors and Officers. Each Underwriter severally agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, each of its officers who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act, against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in subsection (a) of this Section, as incurred, but only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), including any information deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to Rule 430B, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with the Underwriter Information.
(c) Actions against Parties; Notification. Each indemnified party shall give notice as promptly as reasonably practicable to each indemnifying party of any action commenced against it in respect of which indemnity may be sought hereunder, but failure to so notify an indemnifying party shall not relieve such indemnifying party from any liability hereunder to the extent it is not materially prejudiced as a result thereof and in any event shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have otherwise than on account of this indemnity agreement. In the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 6(a) above, counsel to the indemnified parties shall be selected by the Representatives, and, in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 6(b) above, counsel to the indemnified parties shall be selected by the Company. An indemnifying party may participate at its own expense in the defense of any such action; provided, however, that counsel to the indemnifying party shall not (except with the consent of the indemnified party) also be counsel to the indemnified party. In no event shall the indemnifying parties be liable for fees and expenses of more than one counsel (in addition to any local counsel) separate from their own counsel for all indemnified parties in connection with any one action or separate but similar or related actions in the same jurisdiction arising out of the same general allegations or circumstances. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified parties, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment with respect to any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever in respect of which indemnification or contribution could be sought under this Section 6 or Section 7 hereof (whether or not the indemnified parties are actual or potential parties thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent (i) includes an unconditional release of each indemnified party from all liability arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.
(d) Settlement without Consent if Failure to Reimburse. If at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel, such indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of the nature
contemplated by Section 6(a)(ii) or settlement of any claim in connection with any violation referred to in Section 6(e) effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 45 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request, (ii) such indemnifying party shall have received notice of the terms of such settlement at least 30 days prior to such settlement being entered into and (iii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed such indemnified party in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement.
SECTION 7. Contribution. If the indemnification provided for in Section 6 hereof is for any reason unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party in respect of any losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to the aggregate amount of such losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses incurred by such indemnified party, as incurred, (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, from the offering of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and of the Underwriters, on the other hand, in connection with the statements or omissions, or in connection with any violation of the nature referred to in Section 6(e) hereof, which resulted in such losses, liabilities, claims, damages or expenses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations.
The relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, in connection with the offering of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the total net proceeds from the offering of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement (before deducting expenses) received by the Company, on the one hand, and the total underwriting discount received by the Underwriters, on the other hand, in each case as set forth on the cover of the Prospectus, bear to the aggregate public offering price of the Securities as set forth on the cover of the Prospectus.
The relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any such untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or by the Underwriters and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission or any violation of the nature referred to in Section 6(e) hereof.
The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 7 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this Section 7. The aggregate amount of losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses incurred by an indemnified party and referred to above in this Section 7 shall be deemed to include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 7, no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the underwriting commissions received by such Underwriter in connection with the Shares underwritten by it and distributed to the public.
No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the 1933 Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.
For purposes of this Section 7, each person, if any, who controls an Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act and each Underwriter’s Affiliates and selling agents shall have the same rights to contribution as such Underwriter, and each director of the Company, each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act or Section 20 of the 1934 Act shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company. The Underwriters’ respective obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 7 are several in proportion to the number of Initial Securities set forth opposite their respective names in Schedule A hereto and not joint.
SECTION 8. Representations, Warranties and Agreements to Survive. All representations, warranties and agreements contained in this Agreement or in certificates of officers of the Company or any of its subsidiaries submitted pursuant hereto, shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or its Affiliates or selling agents, any person controlling any Underwriter, its officers or directors or any person controlling the Company and (ii) delivery of and payment for the Securities.
SECTION 9. Termination of Agreement.
(a) Termination. The Representatives may, in their absolute discretion, terminate this Agreement, by notice to the Company, at any time at or prior to the Closing Time (i) if there has been, in the judgment of the Representatives, since the time of execution of this Agreement or since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, any material adverse change in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business affairs or business prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries considered as one enterprise, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, or (ii) if there has occurred any material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international financial markets, any outbreak of hostilities or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving a prospective change in national or international political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such as to make it, in the judgment of the Representatives, impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the completion of the offering or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Securities, or (iii) if trading in any securities of the Company has been suspended or materially limited by the Commission or the NYSE, or (iv) if trading generally on the NYSE has been suspended or materially limited, or minimum or maximum prices for trading have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices have been required, by any of said exchanges or by order of the Commission, FINRA or any other governmental authority, or (v) a material disruption has occurred in commercial banking or securities settlement or clearance services in the United States or with respect to Clearstream or Euroclear systems in Europe, or (vi) if a banking moratorium has been declared by either Federal or New York authorities.
(b) Liabilities. If this Agreement is terminated pursuant to this Section, such termination shall be without liability of any party to any other party except as provided in Section 4 hereof, and provided further that Sections 1, 6, 7, 8, 14, 15, 16 and 17 shall survive such termination and remain in full force and effect.
SECTION 10. Default by One or More of the Underwriters. If one or more of the Underwriters shall fail at the Closing Time or a Date of Delivery to purchase the Securities which it or they are
obligated to purchase under this Agreement (the "Defaulted Securities"), the Representatives shall have the right, within 24 hours thereafter, to make arrangements for one or more of the non-defaulting Underwriters, or any other underwriters, to purchase all, but not less than all, of the Defaulted Securities in such amounts as may be agreed upon and upon the terms herein set forth; if, however, the Representatives shall not have completed such arrangements within such 24-hour period, then:
(i) if the number of Defaulted Securities does not exceed 10% of the number of Securities to be purchased on such date, each of the non-defaulting Underwriters shall be obligated, severally and not jointly, to purchase the full amount thereof in the proportions that their respective underwriting obligations hereunder bear to the underwriting obligations of all non-defaulting Underwriters, or
(ii) if the number of Defaulted Securities exceeds 10% of the number of Securities to be purchased on such date, this Agreement or, with respect to any Date of Delivery which occurs after the Closing Time, the obligation of the Underwriters to purchase, and the Company to sell, the Option Securities to be purchased and sold on such Date of Delivery shall terminate without liability on the part of any non-defaulting Underwriter.
No action taken pursuant to this Section shall relieve any defaulting Underwriter from liability in respect of its default.
In the event of any such default which does not result in a termination of this Agreement or, in the case of a Date of Delivery which is after the Closing Time, which does not result in a termination of the obligation of the Underwriters to purchase and the Company to sell the relevant Option Securities, as the case may be, either the (i) Representatives or (ii) the Company shall have the right to postpone Closing Time or the relevant Date of Delivery, as the case may be, for a period not exceeding seven days in order to effect any required changes in the Registration Statement, the General Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or in any other documents or arrangements. As used herein, the term "Underwriter" includes any person substituted for an Underwriter under this Section 10.
SECTION 11. Notices. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if mailed or transmitted by any standard form of telecommunication. Notices to the Underwriters shall be directed to the Representatives at RBC Capital Markets, LLC, 200 Vesey Street, 8th Floor, New York, New York 10281, Attention: Equity Capital Markets (facsimile number +1 (212) 428-6260) (telephone number: +1 (877) 822-4089) (email: [email protected]) and at Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, 500 West 33rd Street, New York, New York 10001, Attention: Equity Syndicate Department (fax no: (212) 214-5918); notices to the Company shall be directed to it at Tower One International Towers, Suite 01 Level 39, 100 Barangaroo Avenue, Barangaroo NSW 2000 attention of Eric Dyer (email: [***] copy to [***]). SECTION 12. No Advisory or Fiduciary Relationship. The Company acknowledges and agrees that (a) the purchase and sale of the Securities pursuant to this Agreement, including the determination of the public offering price of the Securities and any related discounts and commissions, is an arm’s-length commercial transaction between the Company, on the one hand, and the several Underwriters, on the other hand, (b) in connection with the offering of the Securities and the process leading thereto, each Underwriter is and has been acting solely as a principal and is not the agent or fiduciary of the Company, any of its subsidiaries or their respective stockholders, creditors, employees or any other party, (c) no Underwriter has assumed or will assume an advisory or fiduciary responsibility in favor of the Company with respect to the offering of the Securities or the process leading thereto (irrespective of whether such
Underwriter has advised or is currently advising the Company or any of its subsidiaries on other matters) and no Underwriter has any obligation to the Company with respect to the offering of the Securities except the obligations expressly set forth in this Agreement, (d) the Underwriters and their respective affiliates may be engaged in a broad range of transactions that involve interests that differ from those of the Company, (e) the Underwriters have not provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect to the offering of the Securities and the Company has consulted its own respective legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it deemed appropriate and (f) the Company waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against the Representatives for breach of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty and agrees that the Representatives shall have no liability (whether direct or indirect) to the Company in respect of such a fiduciary duty.
SECTION 13. Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution Regimes.
(a) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, the transfer from such Underwriter of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.
(b) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate of such Underwriter becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against such Underwriter are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S. Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States.
For purposes of this Section 13, a "BHC Act Affiliate" has the meaning assigned to the term "affiliate" in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 U.S.C. § 1841(k). "Covered Entity" means any of the following: (i) a "covered entity" as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 252.82(b); (ii) a "covered bank" as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 47.3(b); or (iii) a "covered FSI" as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. § 382.2(b). "Default Right" has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. §§ 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable. "U.S. Special Resolution Regime" means each of (i) the Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii) Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder.
SECTION 14. Parties. This Agreement shall each inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Underwriters and the Company and their respective successors. Nothing expressed or mentioned in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any person, firm or corporation, other than the Underwriters and the Company and their respective successors and the controlling persons and officers and directors referred to in Sections 6 and 7 and their heirs and legal representatives, any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement or any provision herein contained. This Agreement and all conditions and provisions hereof are intended to be for the sole and exclusive benefit of the Underwriters and the Company and their respective successors, and said controlling persons and officers and directors and their heirs and legal representatives, and for the benefit of no other person, firm or corporation. No purchaser of Securities from any Underwriter shall be deemed to be a successor by reason merely of such purchase.
SECTION 15. Trial by Jury. The Company (on its behalf and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, on behalf of its stockholders and affiliates) and each of the Underwriters hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
SECTION 16. GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT AND ANY CLAIM, CONTROVERSY OR DISPUTE ARISING UNDER OR RELATED TO THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF, THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO ITS CHOICE OF LAW PROVISIONS.
SECTION 17. Consent to Jurisdiction; Waiver of Immunity. Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby ("Related Proceedings") shall be instituted in (i) the federal courts of the United States of America located in the City and County of New York, Borough of Manhattan or (ii) the courts of the State of New York located in the City and County of New York, Borough of Manhattan (collectively, the "Specified Courts"), and each party irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction (except for proceedings instituted in regard to the enforcement of a judgment of any such court (a "Related Judgment"), as to which such jurisdiction is non-exclusive) of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. Service of any process, summons, notice or document by mail to such party’s address set forth above shall be effective service of process for any suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court. The parties irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the Specified Courts and irrevocably and unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim in any such court that any such suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.
SECTION 18. TIME. TIME SHALL BE OF THE ESSENCE OF THIS AGREEMENT. EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE SET FORTH HEREIN, SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW YORK CITY TIME.
SECTION 19. Counterparts and Electronic Signatures. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same Agreement. Electronic signatures complying with the New York Electronic Signatures and Records Act (N.Y. State Tech. §§ 301-309), as amended from time to time, or other applicable law will be deemed original signatures for purposes of this Agreement. Transmission by telecopy, electronic mail or other transmission method of an executed counterpart of this Agreement will constitute due and sufficient delivery of such counterpart.
SECTION 20. Effect of Headings. The Section headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction hereof.
If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, please sign and return to the Company a counterpart hereof, whereupon this instrument, along with all counterparts, will become a binding agreement among the Underwriters and the Company in accordance with its terms.
Very truly yours,
TAMBORAN RESOURCES CORPORATION
By: /s/ Eric Dyer
Name: Eric Dyer
Title: Chief Financial Officer
[Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement]
CONFIRMED AND ACCEPTED,
as of the date first above written:
RBC CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC
By: /s/ Michael Ventura
Name: Michael Ventura
Title: Co-Head of U.S. Equity Capital Markets
WELLS FARGO SECURITIES, LLC
By: /s/ James Perry
Name: James Peery
Title: Director
For themselves and as Representatives of the other Underwriters named in Schedule A hereto.
[Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement]
SCHEDULE A
The public offering price per share for the Securities shall be $21.00.
The purchase price per share for the Securities to be paid by the several Underwriters shall be $19.85, being an amount equal to the public offering price set forth above less $1.15 per share, subject to adjustment in accordance with Section 2(b) for dividends or distributions declared by the Company and payable on the Initial Securities but not payable on the Option Securities.
| | | | | |
| Name of Underwriter | Number of Initial Securities |
| |
RBC Capital Markets, LLC | 908,649 |
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC | 887,520 |
BofA Securities, Inc. | 316,962 |
Johnson Rice & Company L.L.C. | 95,093 |
PEP Advisory LLC | 42,258 |
Piper Sandler & Co | 42,258 |
Northland Securities, Inc. | 31,705 |
| |
Total | 2,324,445 |
SCHEDULE B-1
Pricing Terms
1.The Company is selling 2,324,445 shares of Common Stock.
2.The Company has granted an option to the Underwriters, severally and not jointly, to purchase up to an additional 348,666 shares of Common Stock.
3.The public offering price per share for the Securities shall be $21.00.
SCHEDULE B-2
Free Writing Prospectuses
[None.]
SCHEDULE C
List of Persons and Entities Subject to Lock-up
Richard Stoneburner
Eric Dyer
Faron Thibodeaux
Fredrick Barrett
Patrick Elliott
The Hon. Andrew Robb AO
David Siegel
Jeffrey Bellman
Ryan Dalton
Phillip Pace
Scott Sheffield
Sheffield Holdings, LP
Daly Waters Energy, LP
SCHEDULE D
Written Testing-the-Waters Communications
Investor Education Presentation, dated October 6, 2025.
Exhibit A-1
FORM OF OPINION OF COMPANY’S COUNSEL
TO BE DELIVERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 5(c)
[Form of Opinion of Counsel for the Company]
Exhibit A-2
FORM OF OPINION OF COMPANY’S SPECIAL AUSTRALIAN COUNSEL
TO BE DELIVERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 5(c)
[Form of Opinion of Special Australian Counsel for the Company]
[Form of Lock-Up Agreement from directors, officers or other stockholders pursuant to Section 5(j)]
Exhibit B
October 22, 2025
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
As Representatives of the several Underwriters
| | | | | |
| |
| c/o | RBC Capital Markets, LLC |
| 200 Vesey Street |
| New York, New York 10281 |
| |
| c/o | Wells Fargo Securities, LLC 30 Hudson Yards, 14th Floor New York, New York 10001 |
Re: Proposed Public Offering of Common Stock by Tamboran Resources Corporation
Dear Ladies and Gentlemen:
The undersigned, a securityholder and/or an officer and/or a director, as applicable, of Tamboran Resources Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), understands that RBC Capital Markets, LLC ("RBC") and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC ("Wells Fargo" and, collectively with RBC, the "Representatives") propose to enter into an Underwriting Agreement (the "Underwriting Agreement") with the Company providing for the public offering (the "Public Offering") of shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the "Common Stock"). In recognition of the benefit that the Public Offering will confer upon the undersigned as a securityholder and/or an officer and/or a director, as applicable, of the Company, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the undersigned agrees with each underwriter to be named in the Underwriting Agreement that, during the period beginning on the date hereof and ending on the date that is 60 days from the date of the Underwriting Agreement (the "Lock-Up Period"), the undersigned will not, without the prior written consent of RBC and Wells Fargo (i) directly or indirectly, offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of any shares of the Company’s Common Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, which includes without limitation, the CHESS Depositary Interests of the Company (the "CDIs") that are listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (the "ASX"), whether now owned or hereafter acquired by the undersigned or with respect to which the undersigned has or hereafter acquires the power of disposition (including, without limitation, Common Stock or such other securities which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by the undersigned in accordance with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") and securities which may be issued upon exercise of a stock option or warrant) (collectively, the "Lock-Up Securities"), or exercise any right with
respect to the registration of any of the Lock-Up Securities, or file, cause to be filed or cause to be confidentially submitted any registration statement in connection therewith, under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act") (ii) enter into any hedging, swap, loan or any other agreement or any transaction (including, without limitation, any short sale or the purchase or sale of, or entry into, any put or call option, or combination thereof, forward or any other derivative transaction or instrument, however described or defined) that transfers, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, the economic consequence of ownership of the Lock-Up Securities, whether any such hedging, swap, loan or transaction is to be settled by delivery of Common Stock or other securities, in cash or otherwise, or (iii) publicly disclose the intention to do any of the foregoing described in clauses (i) and (ii) above. If the undersigned is an officer or director of the Company (whether as of the date hereof or at the time of receiving any shares of the Common Stock), the undersigned further agrees that the foregoing provisions shall be equally applicable to any Company-directed shares of Common Stock the undersigned may purchase in the Public Offering.
If the undersigned is an officer or director of the Company (whether as of the date hereof or at the time of receiving any shares of Common Stock), RBC and Wells Fargo agree that, at least three business days before the effective date of any release or waiver of the foregoing restrictions in connection with a transfer of shares of the Common Stock, RBC and Wells Fargo will notify the Company of the impending release or waiver. The provisions of this paragraph will not apply if (i) the release or waiver is effected solely to permit a transfer not for consideration and (ii) the transferee has agreed in writing to be bound by the same terms described in this lock-up agreement to the extent and for the duration that such terms remain in effect at the time of the transfer.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, and subject to the conditions below, the undersigned may transfer the Lock-Up Securities without the prior written consent of RBC and Wells Fargo, as described below, provided that (1) RBC and Wells Fargo receive a signed lock-up agreement in the form of this lock-up agreement for the balance of the Lock-Up Period from each donee, devisee, trustee, distributee, or transferee, as the case may be, and each donee, transferee, devisee or distributee agrees to be bound in writing by the terms of this lock-up agreement prior to such transfer, (2) any such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value, (3) such transfers are not required to be reported during the Lock-Up Period with the Commission on Form 4 or Form 5 in accordance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "1934 Act"), or, in the case of clause (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) below, any such required filing shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto that the filing relates to circumstances described in such a clause, and (4) the undersigned does not otherwise voluntarily effect any public filing or report regarding such transfers:
(i) as a bona fide gift or gifts, including, without limitation, to a charitable organization or educational institution, or for bona fide estate planning purposes;
(ii) by will, testamentary document or intestate succession to the legal representative, heir, beneficiary or a member of the immediate family of the undersigned (for purposes of this lock-up agreement, "immediate family" of the undersigned shall mean any relationship by blood, marriage, domestic partnership or adoption, not more remote than first cousin of the undersigned);
(iii) by operation of law, such as pursuant to a qualified domestic order, divorce settlement, divorce decree or separation agreement;
(iv) pursuant to an order of a court or regulatory agency having jurisdiction over the undersigned;
(v) to any corporation, partnership, limited liability company or other entity of which the undersigned or the immediate family of the undersigned are the legal and beneficial owner of all of the outstanding equity securities or similar interests;
(vi) to a nominee or custodian of a person or entity to whom a disposition or transfer would be permissible under clauses (i) through (v) above;
(vii) to any immediate family member or any trust, partnership, limited liability company or other entity for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or one or more immediate family members of the undersigned, or if the undersigned is a trust, to a trustor or beneficiary of the trust or to the estate of a beneficiary of such trust;
(viii) if the undersigned is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity, (A) to another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity that is an affiliate (as defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the 1933 Act) of the undersigned, or to any investment fund or other entity controlling, controlled by, managing or managed by or under common control with the undersigned or affiliates of the undersigned (including, for the avoidance of doubt, where the undersigned is a partnership, to its general partner or a successor partnership or fund, or any other funds managed by such partnership), or (B) as part of a distribution to limited partners, limited liability company members or stockholders of the undersigned or holders of similar equity interests in the undersigned; or
(ix) to the Company upon the undersigned’s death, disability or termination of employment or other service relationship with the Company; provided that such shares of Common Stock were issued to the undersigned pursuant to an agreement or equity award granted pursuant to an employee benefit plan, option, warrant or other right disclosed in the prospectus for the Public Offering.
Furthermore, the undersigned may sell shares of Common Stock of the Company purchased by the undersigned on the open market following the Public Offering if and only if (i) such sales are not required to be reported in any public report or filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission or otherwise, and (ii) the undersigned does not otherwise voluntarily effect any public filing or report regarding such sales. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the undersigned may establish a trading plan pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 under the 1934 Act for the transfer of Lock-Up Securities, provided that that no direct or indirect offers, pledges, sales, contracts to sell, sales of any option or contract to purchase, purchases of any option or contract to sell, grants of any option, right or warrant to purchase, loans, or other transfers or disposals of any Securities or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Securities may be effected pursuant to such plan during the Lock-Up Period.
For avoidance of doubt, the provisions set forth in herein will not prevent the undersigned from surrendering CDIs to the depository in exchange for shares of Common Stock during the Lock-Up Period (provided such shares of Common Stock will be Lock-Up Securities); provided that such exchange is not required to be reported during the Lock-Up Period with the Commission on Form 4 or Form 5 in accordance with Section 16(a) of the 1934 Act, and the undersigned does not otherwise voluntarily effect any public filing or report regarding such exchange.
The undersigned acknowledges and agrees that the underwriters have neither provided any recommendation or investment advice nor solicited any action from the undersigned with respect to the
Public Offering of the Common Stock and the undersigned has consulted their own legal, accounting, financial, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent deemed appropriate. The undersigned further acknowledges and agrees that, although the underwriters may be required or choose to provide certain Regulation Best Interest and Form CRS disclosures to you in connection with the Public Offering, the underwriters are not making a recommendation to you to enter into this lock-up agreement and nothing set forth in such disclosures is intended to suggest that any underwriter is making such a recommendation.
The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power, capacity and authority to enter into this lock-up agreement. The undersigned understands that the Company and the underwriters are relying upon the lock-up agreement in proceeding toward the consummation of the Public Offering. The undersigned further understands that this lock-up agreement is irrevocable and shall be binding upon the undersigned’s heirs, legal representatives, successors and assigns.
The undersigned also agrees and consents to the entry of stop transfer instructions with the Company’s transfer agent and registrar against the transfer of the Lock-Up Securities except in compliance with the foregoing restrictions.
In the event that a Representative withdraws or is terminated from, or declines to participate in, the Public Offering, all references in this lock-up agreement to the Representatives shall refer to the remaining Representatives. If all Representatives withdraw, are terminated from or decline to participate in the Public Offering, all references in this lock-up agreement to the Representatives shall refer to the lead left book runner in the Public Offering ("Replacement Entity"), and in such event, any written consent, waiver or notice given or delivered in connection with this lock-up agreement by or to such Replacement Entity shall be deemed to be sufficient and effective for all purposes under this lock-up agreement.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, this lock-up agreement will automatically terminate and the undersigned will be released from all of their or its obligations hereunder upon the earliest to occur, if any, of the following: (i) prior to the execution of the Underwriting Agreement, the Company advises the Representatives, on the one hand, or the Company, on the other hand, informs the other in writing that it has determined not to proceed with the Public Offering, (ii) the Company files an application with the Commission to withdraw the registration statement relating to the Public Offering, (iii) the Underwriting Agreement is executed but is terminated (other than with respect to the provisions thereof which survive termination) prior to payment for and delivery of the Common Stock to be sold thereunder or (iv) October 25, 2025 in the event that the Public Offering shall not have occurred on or before such date (provided that the Company may, by written notice to the undersigned prior to such date, extend such date for a period of up to an additional three months).
This lock-up agreement and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this lock-up agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.
This lock-up agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all such counterparts shall together constitute one and the same lock-up agreement. Electronic signatures complying with the New York Electronic Signatures and Records Act (N.Y. State Tech. §§ 301-309), as amended from time to time, or other applicable law will be deemed original signatures for purposes of this lock-up agreement. Transmission by telecopy, electronic mail or other transmission method of an executed counterpart of this lock-up agreement will constitute due and sufficient delivery of such counterpart.
[Signature page follows]
Very truly yours,
[NAME OF STOCKHOLDER / OFFICER / DIRECTOR]
By:
Name:
Title:
If not signing in an individual capacity:
______________________________
Name of Authorized Signatory (Print)
______________________________
Title of Authorized Signatory (Print)
(Indicate capacity of person signing if signing as custodian, trustee, or on behalf of an entity.)
Exhibit 5.1
| | |
| 300 Colorado Street, Suite 2400 |
| Austin, TX 78701 |
| Tel: +1.737.910.7300 Fax: +1.737.910.7301 |
| www.lw.com |
| | | | | |
| FIRM/AFFILIATE OFFICES |
| Austin | Milan |
| Beijing | Munich |
| Boston | New York |
| Brussels | Orange County |
| Chicago | Paris |
| Dubai | Riyadh |
| Düsseldorf | San Diego |
| Frankfurt | San Francisco |
| Hamburg | Seoul |
| Hong Kong | Silicon Valley |
| Houston | Singapore |
| London | Tel Aviv |
| Los Angeles | Tokyo |
| Madrid | Washington, D.C. |
October 24, 2025
Tamboran Resources Corporation
Level 39, Suite 1, Tower One
100 Barangaroo Avenue
Barangaroo NSW 2000, Australia
Re: Registration Statement No. 333-288382; 2,673,111 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share.
To the addressees set forth above:
We have acted as special counsel to Tamboran Resources Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the proposed issuance of up to 2,673,111 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the “Shares”). The Shares are included in a registration statement on Form S–3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) on June 27, 2025 (Registration No. 333–288382) (as amended, the “Registration Statement”). The term “Shares” shall include any additional shares of common stock registered by the Company pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Act in connection with the offering contemplated by the Registration Statement. This opinion is being furnished in connection with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K under the Act, and no opinion is expressed herein as to any matter pertaining to the contents of the Registration Statement or related Prospectus, other than as expressly stated herein with respect to the issue of the Shares.
As such counsel, we have examined such matters of fact and questions of law as we have considered appropriate for purposes of this letter. With your consent, we have relied upon certificates and other assurances of officers of the Company and others as to factual matters without having independently verified such factual matters. We are opining herein as to General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, and we express no opinion with respect to any other laws.
Subject to the foregoing and the other matters set forth herein, it is our opinion that, as of the date hereof, when the Shares shall have been duly registered on the books of the transfer
agent and registrar therefor in the name or on behalf of the purchasers, and have been issued by the Company against payment therefor (not less than par value) in the circumstances contemplated by the form of underwriting agreement most recently filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, the issue and sale of the Shares will have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action of the Company, and the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. In rendering the foregoing opinion, we have assumed that the Company will comply with all applicable notice requirements regarding uncertificated shares provided in the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
This opinion is for your benefit in connection with the Registration Statement and may be relied upon by you and by persons entitled to rely upon it pursuant to the applicable provisions of the Act. We consent to your filing this opinion as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-K dated October 24, 2025 and to the reference to our firm in the Prospectus under the heading “Legal Matters.” We further consent to the incorporation by reference of this letter and consent into any registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) with respect to the Shares. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
Sincerely,
/s/ Latham & Watkins LLP
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT
This SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT (this “Subscription Agreement”) is entered into on October 24, 2025, by and between Tamboran Resources Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Tamboran”), and the subscriber party set forth on the signature page hereto (“Subscriber”).
WHEREAS, Subscriber desires to subscribe for and to purchase from Tamboran that number of shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”) set forth on the signature page hereto (the “Acquired Shares”) for a purchase price of $21.00 per share and an aggregate purchase price set forth on the signature page hereto (the “Purchase Price”), and Tamboran desires to issue and sell to the Subscriber the Acquired Shares in consideration of the payment of the Purchase Price by or on behalf of Subscriber to Tamboran;
WHEREAS, Tamboran may enter into separate subscription agreements (the “Other Subscription Agreements”) with certain other “qualified institutional buyers” and/or “accredited investors” (such persons, collectively, the “Other PIPE Investors”) on substantially the same terms as those set forth in this Subscription Agreement, pursuant to which such investors will subscribe for and agree to purchase shares of Common Stock at the same price per share; and
WHEREAS, the Subscriber is an affiliate of Tamboran, and the Subscription (as defined below) requires the approval of the shareholders of Tamboran for the purposes of complying with the rules and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) and the Australian Securities Exchange to issue and sell to the Subscriber the Acquired Shares (“Shareholder Approval”).
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual representations, warranties and covenants, and subject to the conditions, herein contained, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:
1.Subscription. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, Subscriber hereby agrees to subscribe for and purchase, and Tamboran hereby agrees to issue and sell to Subscriber, the Acquired Shares on the Closing Date (as defined below) in consideration for the payment of the Purchase Price to Tamboran or its designee (such subscription and issuance, the “Subscription”).
2.Closing.
(a)Subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth herein, the closing of the Subscription contemplated hereby (the “Closing”) shall take place on the third business day following receipt of Shareholder Approval (the “Closing Date”). Not less than three (3) business days prior to the scheduled Closing Date, Tamboran shall provide written notice to Subscriber (the “Closing Notice”) of (i) such Closing Date and (ii) the wire instructions for delivery of the Purchase Price. On the Closing Date, Tamboran shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to Subscriber (A) the Acquired Shares in book entry form, free and clear of any liens or other restrictions whatsoever (other than those arising under state or federal securities laws), in the name of Subscriber (or its nominee in accordance with its delivery instructions) or to a custodian designated by Subscriber, as applicable, and (B) a copy of the records of Tamboran showing Subscriber as the owner of the Acquired Shares on and as of the Closing Date. On the Closing
Date, Subscriber shall deliver to Tamboran the Purchase Price for the Acquired Shares by wire transfer of U.S. dollars in immediately available funds to the account specified by Tamboran in the Closing Notice (if such funds are delivered before the Closing Date, such funds to be held in escrow until the Closing Date). Prior to the Closing Date, Subscriber shall deliver to Tamboran (1) such information as is reasonably requested in the Closing Notice in order for Tamboran to cause the Acquired Shares to be issued and delivered to Subscriber and (2) a duly completed and executed Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 or appropriate Internal Revenue Service Form W-8.
(b) The Closing Date shall be subject to the satisfaction (or waiver (to the extent legally permissible) in writing by the party having the benefit of the applicable condition) of the conditions that, on the Closing Date:
(i)solely with respect to Tamboran, the representations and warranties made by Subscriber in this Subscription Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the Closing Date, other than (x) representations and warranties expressly made as of an earlier date, which shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such date, and (y) representations and warranties that are qualified as to materiality, which representations and warranties shall be true in all respects;
(ii)solely with respect to Subscriber, the representations and warranties made by Tamboran in this Subscription Agreement (other than the representations and warranties set forth in Section 3(b), Section 3(d) and Section 3(h)) shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the Closing Date, other than (x) those representations and warranties expressly made as of an earlier date, which shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such date, and (y) representations and warranties that are qualified as to materiality, which representations and warranties shall be true in all respects, and (i) the representations and warranties made by Tamboran set forth in Section 3(b) and Section 3(d) shall be true and correct in all respects and (ii) other than de minimis changes with respect to shares of Common Stock subject to issuance upon exercise of outstanding warrants and/or underlying equity incentive awards and the vesting of such awards, the representations and warranties made by Tamboran set forth in Section 3(h) shall be true and correct in all respects, each as of the Closing Date;
(iii)solely with respect to Subscriber, Tamboran shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Subscription Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by it at or prior to the Closing Date;
(iv)solely with respect to Tamboran, Subscriber shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Subscription Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by it at or prior to the Closing Date;
(v)there shall not be any law or order of any governmental authority having jurisdiction restraining, enjoining or otherwise prohibiting or making illegal the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Subscription Agreement;
(vi)no suspension of the qualification of the shares of Common Stock listed on the NYSE for any offering or sale or trading in any jurisdiction, or initiation or threatening of any proceedings for any such purposes, shall have occurred;
(vii)there shall have been no Tamboran Material Adverse Effect with respect to Tamboran since the date hereof;
(viii)Tamboran shall have delivered to Subscriber a duly executed and delivered certificate of Tamboran’s chief executive officer or chief financial officer, dated as of the Closing Date, certifying as to the fulfillment of the conditions specified in Sections 2(b)(ii), (iii), (v) (with respect to Tamboran), (vi), (vii) and (ix); and
(ix)Tamboran shall have filed with the NYSE a supplemental listing application covering the Acquired Shares (the “SLAP”) and no objection shall have been raised by the NYSE with respect to the SLAP or the issuance of the Acquired Shares.
(c)At the Closing, the parties hereto shall execute and deliver such additional documents and take such additional actions as the parties reasonably may deem to be practical and necessary in order to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Subscription Agreement.
3.Representations and Warranties of Tamboran. Tamboran represents and warrants to Subscriber that:
(a)Tamboran has been duly formed and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with entity power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and conduct its business as presently conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted as described in the SEC Reports and to enter into, deliver and perform its obligations under this Subscription Agreement.
(b)As of the Closing, the Acquired Shares shall have been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered to Subscriber against full payment for the Acquired Shares in accordance with the terms of this Subscription Agreement, the Acquired Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of any liens or other restrictions whatsoever (other than those arising under state or federal securities laws) and will not have been issued in violation of or subject to any preemptive or similar rights.
(c)There are no securities or instruments issued by or to which Tamboran is a party containing anti-dilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by the issuance of (i) the Acquired Shares or (ii) the Common Stock issued or to be issued pursuant to the Other Subscription Agreements, as applicable.
(d)This Subscription Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by Tamboran and is enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited or otherwise affected by (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium or other laws relating to or affecting the rights of creditors generally, and (ii) principles of equity, whether considered at law or equity.
(e)The execution, delivery and performance of this Subscription Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, do not and will not conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any of the properties or assets of Tamboran pursuant to the terms of (i) any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, lease, license or other agreement or instrument to which Tamboran is a party or by which Tamboran is bound or to which any of the property or assets of Tamboran is subject; (ii) the organizational documents of Tamboran; or (iii) any statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over Tamboran or any of its properties that, in the case of clauses (i) and (iii), would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the business, properties, assets, liabilities, operations, condition (including financial condition) or results of operations of Tamboran or materially and adversely affect the validity of
the Acquired Shares or the legal authority or ability of Tamboran to perform in any material respects its obligations hereunder (a “Tamboran Material Adverse Effect”).
(f)Tamboran is not in default or violation (and no event has occurred which, with notice or the lapse of time or both, would constitute a default or violation) of any term, condition or provision of (i) the organizational documents of Tamboran, (ii) any loan or credit agreement, note, bond, mortgage, indenture, lease or other agreement, permit, franchise or license to which, as of the date of this Subscription Agreement, Tamboran is a party or by which Tamboran’s properties or assets are bound or (iii) any law, statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over Tamboran or any of its properties, except, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), for defaults or violations that have not had and would not be reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Tamboran Material Adverse Effect.
(g)Assuming the accuracy of Subscriber’s representations and warranties set forth in Section 4, Tamboran, in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by Tamboran of this Subscription Agreement (including, without limitation, the issuance of the Acquired Shares), is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority, self-regulatory organization or other person, other than (i) filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), (ii) filings required by applicable state securities laws, (iii) those required by the NYSE, and (iv) any required stockholder approvals.
(h)Tamboran is authorized to issue two classes of stock: Common Stock and preferred stock having a par value of $0.0001 per share (“Tamboran Preferred Stock”). The total number of shares of capital stock that Tamboran has authority to issue is 11,000,000,000 shares, of which the total number of shares of Common Stock that Tamboran is authorized to issue is 10,000,000,000 shares and the total number of shares of Tamboran Preferred Stock that Tamboran is authorized to issue is 1,000,000,000. As of the date hereof, and prior to the issuance of Common Stock in connection with Tamboran’s concurrent public equity offering, (i) 17,820,758 shares of Common Stock are issued and outstanding, all of which are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and not subject to any preemptive rights, (ii) no shares of Common Stock are subject to issuance upon exercise of outstanding warrants, (iii) up to 1,822,506 shares of Common Stock are subject to issuance subject to the vesting conditions of equity incentive awards and (iv) no shares of Tamboran Preferred Stock are issued and outstanding, and there are no agreements or contracts that require the issuance of any Tamboran Preferred Stock.
(i)As of their respective filing dates, all reports required to be filed by Tamboran with the SEC since June 26, 2024 (the “SEC Reports”) complied in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder. None of the SEC Reports, when filed or, if amended, as of the date of such amendment with respect to those disclosures that are amended, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The financial statements of Tamboran included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of Tamboran as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited financial statements, to normal, year-end audit adjustments. A copy of each SEC Report is available to the Subscriber via the SEC’s EDGAR system. There are no material outstanding or unresolved comments in comment letters received by Tamboran (or any affiliate
or subsidiary thereof) from the staff of the Division of Corporation Finance of the SEC with respect to any of the SEC Reports.
(j)Other than as disclosed in the SEC Reports, Tamboran has established and maintains systems of internal accounting controls that are designed to provide, in all material respects, reasonable assurance that (i) all transactions are executed in accordance with management’s authorization and (ii) all transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of proper and accurate financial statements in accordance with GAAP and to maintain accountability for Tamboran’s assets. Tamboran maintains, and has maintained, books and records in the ordinary course of business that are accurate and complete and properly reflect the revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities of Tamboran in all material respects.
(k)Since the date of the balance sheet included in Tamboran’s Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2025, there has been (i) no Tamboran Material Adverse Effect, (ii) no transaction which is material to Tamboran and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iii) no obligation or liability, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), incurred by Tamboran or its subsidiaries, which is material to Tamboran and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iv) no change in the capital stock or outstanding indebtedness of Tamboran and its subsidiaries, other than as described in the SEC Reports and Section 3(h) of this Subscription Agreement and (v) no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made on the capital stock of Tamboran or any of its subsidiaries.
(l)Tamboran and each of its subsidiaries maintain insurance covering their respective properties, operations, personnel and businesses as Tamboran reasonably deems adequate; such insurance insures against such losses and risks in accordance with customary industry practice to protect Tamboran and its subsidiaries and their respective businesses and which is commercially reasonably for the current conduct of their respective businesses; to Tamboran’s Knowledge, all such insurance is fully in force on the date hereof and is expected to be fully in force at each time of purchase, if any; neither Tamboran nor any subsidiary has reason to believe that it will not be able to (i) renew any such insurance as and when such insurance expires or (ii) obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted at a cost that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in any Tamboran Material Adverse Effect. “Tamboran’s Knowledge” with respect to any statement means the actual knowledge, or knowledge that would have been acquired after reasonable inquiry, of the executive officers or directors of Tamboran.
(m)Assuming the accuracy of Subscriber’s representations and warranties set forth in Section 4, no registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) is required for the offer and sale of the Acquired Shares by Tamboran to Subscriber.
(n)Neither Tamboran nor any person acting on its behalf has engaged or will engage in any form of general solicitation or general advertising within the meaning of applicable securities laws in connection with any offer or sale of the Acquired Shares.
(o)None of Tamboran, any of its subsidiaries nor any person acting on their behalf has taken or will take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that is likely to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of Tamboran to facilitate the sale or resale of the Acquired Shares or otherwise, and has taken no action which could reasonably be expected to directly or indirectly violate Regulation M under the Exchange Act.
(p)Except for such matters as have not had and would not be reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Tamboran Material Adverse Effect, there is no
proceeding pending, or, to Tamboran’s Knowledge, threatened against Tamboran or any judgment, decree, injunction, ruling or order of any governmental entity or arbitrator outstanding against Tamboran.
(q)Tamboran has not paid, and is not obligated to pay, any brokerage, finder’s or other fee or commission in connection with its issuance and sale of the Acquired Shares, including, for the avoidance of doubt, any fee or commission payable to any equityholder or affiliate of Tamboran.
(r)None of Tamboran, its subsidiaries, any person acting on its behalf nor, to Tamboran’s Knowledge, any of its affiliates has, directly or indirectly, at any time within the applicable period set forth in Rule 152 promulgated under the Securities Act, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security under circumstances that would (i) eliminate the availability of the exemption from registration under the Securities Act in connection with the sale by Tamboran of the Acquired Shares as contemplated hereby or (ii) cause the sale of the Acquired Shares pursuant to this Subscription Agreement to be integrated with prior offerings by Tamboran for purposes of any applicable law, regulation or stockholder approval provisions, including, without limitation, under the rules and regulations of any exchange on which any of the securities of Tamboran are listed or designated.
(s)Other than the Subscribers and the stockholders party to that certain Registration Rights Agreement, dated June 28, 2024, between Tamboran, Sheffield Holdings, LP, and each of the other signatories from time to time party thereto, no person has any right to cause Tamboran to effect the registration under the Securities Act of the offer and sale of any securities of Tamboran other than (i) those offers and sales which are currently registered on an effective registration statement on file with the SEC and (ii) such rights as have been temporarily waived.
(t)The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and Tamboran has taken no action designed to terminate the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act, nor has Tamboran received any notification that the SEC or the NYSE is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. Tamboran is, and immediately following the Closing will be, in compliance with all applicable listing requirements of the NYSE.
(u)Neither Tamboran nor any of its subsidiaries has taken any steps to seek protection pursuant to any law or statute relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, receivership, liquidation or winding up, nor does Tamboran or any subsidiary have any knowledge or reason to believe that any of their respective creditors intend to initiate involuntary bankruptcy proceedings or any actual knowledge of any fact which would reasonably lead a creditor to do so. Tamboran and its subsidiaries, individually and on a consolidated basis, are not as of the date hereof, and after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby to occur at the Closing, will not be Insolvent (as defined below). For purposes hereof, “Insolvent” means, with respect to any person, (i) the present fair saleable value of such person’s assets is less than the amount required to pay such person’s total indebtedness, (ii) such person is unable to pay its debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and liabilities become absolute and matured, (iii) such person intends to incur or believes that it will incur debts that would be beyond its ability to pay as such debts mature or (iv) such person has unreasonably small capital with which to conduct the business in which it is engaged as such business is now conducted and is proposed to be conducted.
(v)Neither Tamboran nor any subsidiary nor, to Tamboran’s Knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of Tamboran or any subsidiary is currently the target of or otherwise subject to any restrictions under, any sanctions administered or enforced by
the United States, including without limitation, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”) or the U.S. Department of State; the United Nations Security Council; Canada; the European Union; the United Kingdom; or other government authority with jurisdiction over the parties (collectively, “Sanctions”). None of Tamboran or any of its subsidiaries, affiliates, or agents is located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or target of country or territory-wide Sanctions, including, without limitation, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea or Syria (each, a “Sanctioned Country”). Tamboran and its subsidiaries, affiliates, or agents will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds from the Acquired Shares, or lend, or knowingly contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds: (i) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any person that is the target of, or otherwise subject to restrictions under, any Sanctions; (ii) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business in any Sanctioned Country; or (iii) in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, initial purchaser, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions. In the past five years, none of Tamboran nor any of its subsidiaries, affiliates, or agents have engaged in or are now engaged in any dealings or transactions: (i) with, or involving the interests or property of, any person that, at the time of the dealing or transaction, was or is subject to restrictions imposed by any Sanctions or located, organized or resident in a Sanctioned Country; or (ii) that are otherwise prohibited by Sanctions.
(w)The operations of Tamboran and its subsidiaries are in compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable money laundering and anti-terrorism financing statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), and no action or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving Tamboran or any subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to Tamboran’s Knowledge or the knowledge of any subsidiary, threatened or being investigated.
(x)Tamboran has not received any written communication from a governmental entity that alleges that Tamboran is not in compliance with or is in default or violation of any applicable law, except where such non-compliance, default or violation would not, individually or in the aggregate, be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect.
4.Subscriber Representations and Warranties. Subscriber represents and warrants that:
(a)Subscriber has been duly formed or incorporated in and is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or formation, with power and authority (or in the case of an individual, the legal capacity) to enter into, deliver and perform its obligations under this Subscription Agreement.
(b)This Subscription Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by Subscriber and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery of the same by Tamboran, is enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited or otherwise affected by (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium or other laws relating to or affecting the rights of creditors generally, and (ii) principles of equity, whether considered at law or equity.
(c)The execution, delivery and performance by Subscriber of this Subscription Agreement, including the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, will not conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any of the property or assets of Subscriber pursuant to the terms of (i) any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, lease, license or other agreement or
instrument to which Subscriber is a party or by which Subscriber is bound or to which any of the property or assets of Subscriber is subject; (ii) the organizational documents of Subscriber; or (iii) any statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over Subscriber or any of its properties that, in the case of clauses (i) and (iii), would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the legal authority or ability of the Subscriber to perform in any material respects its obligations hereunder.
(d)Subscriber (i) is a “qualified institutional buyer” (as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act) or an “accredited investor” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act) satisfying the applicable requirements set forth on Schedule A, (ii) is acquiring the Acquired Shares only for its own account and not for the account of others, or if Subscriber is subscribing for the Acquired Shares as a fiduciary or agent for one or more investor accounts, each owner of such account is a “qualified institutional buyer” (as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act) or an “accredited investor” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act) and Subscriber has full investment discretion with respect to each such account, and the full power and authority to make the acknowledgements, representations and agreements herein on behalf of each owner of each such account, and (iii) is not acquiring the Acquired Shares with a view to, or for offer or sale in connection with, any distribution thereof in violation of the Securities Act (and shall provide the requested information on either (a) Schedule A following the signature page hereto or (b) on such other form agreed among the Subscriber and Tamboran). Subscriber is not an entity formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the Acquired Shares, unless such newly formed entity is an entity in which all of the equity owners are “accredited investors” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act).
(e)Subscriber understands that the Acquired Shares are being offered and sold pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act under Section 4(a)(2) thereof in a transaction not involving any public offering within the meaning of the Securities Act and that the Acquired Shares have not been registered under the Securities Act. Subscriber understands that the Acquired Shares may not be resold, transferred, pledged or otherwise disposed of by Subscriber absent an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, except (i) to Tamboran or a subsidiary thereof, (ii) to non-U.S. persons pursuant to offers and sales that occur outside the United States within the meaning of Regulation S under the Securities Act, (iii) pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act provided that all of the applicable conditions thereof have been met or (iv) pursuant to another applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, and, in each of cases (i), (iii) and (iv), in accordance with any applicable securities laws of the states and other jurisdictions of the United States, and that any certificates or book entries representing the Acquired Shares shall contain a legend to such effect. Subscriber acknowledges that the Acquired Shares will not be eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A promulgated under the Securities Act. Subscriber understands that it has been advised to consult legal counsel prior to making any offer, resale, pledge or transfer of any of the Acquired Shares.
(f)Subscriber understands and agrees that Subscriber is purchasing the Acquired Shares directly from Tamboran. Subscriber acknowledges that there have been no representations, warranties, covenants and agreements made to Subscriber by Tamboran or any of its officers, managers or representatives, expressly or by implication, other than those representations, warranties, covenants and agreements included in this Subscription Agreement. Subscriber further acknowledges and agrees that Tamboran has not made and is not making in this Subscription Agreement any representation or warranty as to the U.S. federal, state or local or non-U.S. tax consequences to such Subscriber as a result of such Subscriber’s purchase of the Acquired Shares.
(g)Subscriber represents and warrants that its acquisition and holding of the Acquired Shares will not constitute or result in a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Section 406 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), or any applicable similar law.
(h)In making its decision to purchase the Acquired Shares, Subscriber represents that it has relied solely upon independent investigation made by Subscriber. Subscriber acknowledges and agrees that Subscriber has received such information as Subscriber deems necessary in order to make an investment decision with respect to the Acquired Shares. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Subscriber acknowledges that it has access to the SEC Reports. Subscriber represents and agrees that Subscriber and Subscriber’s professional advisor(s), if any, have had the full opportunity to ask such questions, receive such answers and obtain such information as Subscriber and such Subscriber’s professional advisor(s), if any, have deemed necessary to make an investment decision with respect to the Acquired Shares. Subscriber further acknowledges that there have been no, and in purchasing the Acquired Shares, Subscriber is not relying on any representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made to Subscriber by any person or entity, expressly or by implication.
(i)Subscriber became aware of this offering of the Acquired Shares solely by means of direct contact between Subscriber and Tamboran. Subscriber did not become aware of this offering of the Acquired Shares, nor were the Acquired Shares offered to Subscriber, by any other means.
(j)Subscriber acknowledges that it is aware that there are substantial risks incident to the purchase and ownership of the Acquired Shares, including those set forth in the SEC Reports. Subscriber has such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of an investment in the Acquired Shares, and Subscriber has sought such accounting, legal and tax advice as Subscriber has considered necessary to make an informed investment decision. Subscriber further acknowledges and agrees that Tamboran has not made and is not making in this Subscription Agreement any representation or warranty as to the U.S. federal, state or local or non-U.S. tax consequences to such Subscriber as a result of such Subscriber’s purchase of the Acquired Shares.
(k)Subscriber has adequately analyzed and fully considered the risks of an investment in the Acquired Shares and determined that the Acquired Shares are a suitable investment for Subscriber, and Subscriber is able at this time and in the foreseeable future to bear the economic risk of a total loss of Subscriber’s investment in Tamboran. Subscriber acknowledges specifically that a possibility of total loss exists.
(l)Subscriber understands and agrees that no federal or state agency has passed upon or endorsed the merits of the offering of the Acquired Shares or made any findings or determination as to the fairness of this investment.
(m)Subscriber is not (i) a person or entity named on the List of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons, the Executive Order 13599 List, the Foreign Sanctions Evaders List, or the Sectoral Sanctions Identification List, each of which is administered by the OFAC, or any other Executive Order issued by the President of the United States and administered by OFAC (collectively “OFAC Lists”), (ii) owned or controlled by, or acting on behalf of, a person, that is named on an OFAC List; (iii) organized, incorporated, established, located, resident or born in, or a citizen, national, or the government, including any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, of, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria, the Crimea region of Ukraine, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic, the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic, or any other country or territory embargoed or subject to comprehensive
sanctions by the United States, (iv) a Designated National as defined in the Cuban Assets Control Regulations, 31 C.F.R. Part 515, or (v) a non-U.S. shell bank or providing banking services indirectly to a non-U.S. shell bank. Subscriber represents that if it is a financial institution subject to the Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C. section 5311 et seq.) (the “BSA”), as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (the “PATRIOT Act”), and its implementing regulations (collectively, the “BSA/PATRIOT Act”), that Subscriber maintains policies and procedures reasonably designed to comply with applicable obligations under the BSA/PATRIOT Act. Subscriber also represents that, to the extent required, it maintains policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure compliance with OFAC-administered sanctions programs, including for the screening of its investors against the OFAC Lists. Subscriber further represents and warrants that, to the extent required, it maintains policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that the funds held by Subscriber and used to purchase the Acquired Shares were legally derived.
(n)If Subscriber is an employee benefit plan that is subject to Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), a plan, an individual retirement account or other arrangement that is subject to section 4975 of the Code or an employee benefit plan that is a governmental plan (as defined in section 3(32) of ERISA), a church plan (as defined in section 3(33) of ERISA), a non-U.S. plan (as described in section 4(b)(4) of ERISA) or other plan that is not subject to the foregoing but may be subject to provisions under any other federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other laws or regulations that are similar to such provisions of ERISA or the Code, or an entity whose underlying assets are considered to include “plan assets” of any such plan, account or arrangement (each, a “Plan”) subject to the fiduciary or prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA or section 4975 of the Code, Subscriber represents and warrants that (i) neither Tamboran nor any of its affiliates (the “Transaction Parties”), has acted as the Plan’s fiduciary, or has been relied on for advice, with respect to its decision to acquire and hold the Acquired Shares, and none of the Transaction Parties shall at any time be relied upon as the Plan’s fiduciary with respect to any decision to acquire, continue to hold or transfer the Acquired Shares; (ii) the decision to invest in the Acquired Shares has been made at the recommendation or direction of an “independent fiduciary” within the meaning of US Code of Federal Regulations 29 C.F.R. section 2510.3 21(c), as amended from time to time (the “Fiduciary Rule”) who is (1) independent of the Transaction Parties; (2) is capable of evaluating investment risks independently, both in general and with respect to particular transactions and investment strategies (within the meaning of the Fiduciary Rule); (3) is a fiduciary (under ERISA and/or section 4975 of the Code) with respect to Subscriber’s investment in the Acquired Shares and is responsible for exercising independent judgment in evaluating the investment in the Acquired Shares; and (4) is aware of and acknowledges that none of the Transaction Parties is undertaking to provide impartial investment advice, or to give advice in a fiduciary capacity, in connection with the purchaser’s or transferee’s investment in the Acquired Shares.
(o)Subscriber has, and at the Closing will have, sufficient funds to pay the Purchase Price.
(p)Subscriber acknowledges and agrees that it is not entitled to the protections or disclosures required by Regulation Best Interest or Form CRS with respect to the Subscription.
5.[Reserved].
6.Termination. This Subscription Agreement shall terminate and be void and of no further force and effect, and all rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall terminate without any further liability on the part of any party in respect thereof, upon the mutual written agreement of each of the parties hereto to terminate this Subscription Agreement; provided, that nothing herein will relieve any party from liability for any willful breach hereof prior to the time
of termination, and each party will be entitled to any remedies at law or in equity to recover losses, liabilities or damages arising from such breach.
7.Covenants.
(a)Tamboran’s Covenants.
(i)Except as contemplated herein, Tamboran, its subsidiaries and their respective affiliates shall not, and shall cause any person acting on behalf of any of the foregoing to not, take any action or steps that would require registration of the issuance of any of the Acquired Shares under the Securities Act.
(ii)With a view to making available to Subscriber the benefits of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act or any other similar rule or regulation of the SEC that may at any time permit Subscriber to sell securities of Tamboran to the public without registration, Tamboran agrees, from and after the time the benefits of such rules or regulations may be available to Subscriber until the Acquired Shares are registered for resale under the Securities Act, to:
(1)make and keep public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule 144;
(2)file with the SEC in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of Tamboran under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act if Tamboran becomes, and for so long as Tamboran remains, subject to such requirements and the filing of such reports and other documents is required for the applicable provisions of Rule 144; and
(3)furnish to Subscriber so long as it owns Acquired Shares, promptly upon request, (x) an electronic statement by Tamboran, if true, that it has complied with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act as required under Rule 144, (y) an electronic copy of the most recent annual or quarterly report of Tamboran and such other reports and documents so filed by Tamboran and (z) such other information as may be reasonably requested to permit Subscriber to sell such securities pursuant to Rule 144 without registration.
(iii)The legend described in Section 4(e) relating to securities law transfer restrictions shall be removed and Tamboran shall issue a certificate without such legend to the holder of the Acquired Shares upon which it is stamped or issue to such holder by electronic delivery at the applicable balance account at The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), if (i) such Acquired Shares are registered for resale under the Securities Act, (ii) in connection with a sale, assignment or other transfer, such holder provides Tamboran with customary representations and Tamboran provides the transfer agent an opinion of counsel to the effect that such sale, assignment or transfer of the Acquired Shares may be made without registration under the applicable requirements of the Securities Act, or (iii) the Acquired Shares can be sold, assigned or transferred pursuant to Rule 144. Tamboran shall be responsible for the fees of its transfer agent and all DTC fees associated with such issuance, including any other costs related to Tamboran’s obligations under this Section 7(a)(iii) and Section 4(e), provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, the Subscriber shall be responsible for its fees associated with such issuance, including the preparation of any documents or certificates (including outside counsel fees).
(iv)Tamboran will use commercially reasonable efforts to continue the listing and trading of Common Stock on NYSE and, in accordance therewith, will use commercially reasonable efforts to comply in all material respects with Tamboran’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of such market or exchange, as applicable.
(v)Tamboran shall use commercially reasonable efforts to, within ninety (90) calendar days after the date hereof, hold a special meeting of shareholders to, among other matters, obtain Shareholder Approval.
(b)Subscriber’s Covenants.
(i)For a period of one year from the date hereof, Subscriber shall not engage in any short sales, as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act, of any securities of Tamboran.
8.Miscellaneous.
(a)Each party hereto acknowledges that the other party and others will rely on the acknowledgments, understandings, agreements, representations and warranties contained in this Subscription Agreement. Prior to the Closing Date, Subscriber agrees to promptly notify Tamboran if any of the acknowledgments, understandings, agreements, representations and warranties of Subscriber set forth herein are no longer accurate in all material respects.
(b)Tamboran and Subscriber are entitled to rely upon this Subscription Agreement and are irrevocably authorized to produce this Subscription Agreement or a copy hereof to any interested party in any administrative or legal proceeding or official inquiry with respect to the matters covered hereby and to the extent required by law or regulatory bodies.
(c)Subscriber may not assign this Subscription Agreement and any of Subscriber’s rights and obligations hereunder without the prior consent of Tamboran; provided, that nothing in this Subscription Agreement shall prohibit Subscriber from transferring or assigning any of its rights, interests and obligations pursuant to this Subscription Agreement to any controlled affiliate of such Subscriber so long as (i) such transfer or assignment would not reasonably be expected to impair or delay the ability of the Subscriber or such transferee to complete its respective obligations pursuant to this Subscription Agreement and (ii) such transferee would otherwise not violate any of the representation and warranties contained in Section 4 hereof. Subject to the foregoing, Subscriber’s permitted assignee(s) agrees to be bound by the terms hereof. Upon such permitted assignment by Subscriber, the assignee(s) shall become Subscriber hereunder and have the rights and obligations provided for herein to the extent of such assignment. Neither this Subscription Agreement nor any rights that may accrue to Tamboran hereunder or any of Tamboran’s respective obligations may be transferred or assigned.
(d)All the agreements, covenants, representations and warranties made by each party hereto in this Subscription Agreement shall survive for six (6) months following the Closing; provided, however, that the covenants in this Subscription Agreement that contemplate performance after the Closing or expressly by their terms survive the Closing shall survive the Closing in accordance with their respective terms or until fully performed.
(e)Tamboran may request from Subscriber such additional information as Tamboran may deem reasonably necessary to evaluate the eligibility of Subscriber to acquire the Acquired Shares, and Subscriber shall provide such information as may be reasonably requested, to the extent readily available and to the extent consistent with its internal policies and procedures; provided, that, that upon receipt of such additional information, Tamboran agrees to keep any such information confidential, except as may be required by applicable law, rule, regulation or in connection with any legal proceeding or regulatory request.
(f)This Subscription Agreement may not be modified, waived or terminated except by an instrument in writing, signed by the party against whom enforcement of such modification, waiver, or termination is sought.
(g)This Subscription Agreement constitutes the entire agreement, and supersedes all other prior agreements, understandings, representations and warranties, both written and oral, among the parties, with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Subscription Agreement shall not confer any rights or remedies upon any person other than the parties hereto and their respective successor and assigns.
(h)Except as otherwise provided herein, this Subscription Agreement shall be binding upon, and inure to, the benefit of the parties hereto and their affiliates, heirs, executors, administrators, successors, legal representatives, and permitted assigns, and the agreements, representations, warranties, covenants and acknowledgments contained herein shall be deemed to be made by, and be binding upon, such heirs, executors, administrators, successors, legal representatives and permitted assigns.
(i)If any provision of this Subscription Agreement shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality or enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Subscription Agreement shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and shall continue in full force and effect.
(j)This Subscription Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts (including by facsimile or electronic mail or in .pdf) and by different parties in separate counterparts, with the same effect as if all parties hereto had signed the same document. All counterparts so executed and delivered shall be construed together and shall constitute one and the same agreement.
(k)Subscriber shall pay all of its own expenses in connection with this Subscription Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Subscription Agreement.
(l)Any notice or communication required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and either delivered personally, or emailed, sent by overnight mail via a reputable overnight carrier, or sent by certified or registered mail, postage prepaid, and shall be deemed to be given and received (a) when so delivered personally, (b) when sent, with no mail undeliverable or other rejection notice, if sent by email, or (c) five (5) business days after the date of mailing to the address below or to such other address or addresses as such person may hereafter designate by notice given hereunder:
if to Subscriber, to such address or addresses set forth on the signature page hereto; and
if to Tamboran, to:
Tamboran Resources Corporation
Suite 01, Level 39, Tower One, International Towers Sydney
100 Barangaroo Avenue, Barangaroo NSW 2000, Australia
Attention: Eric Dyer; Rohan Vardaro
Email: [***]; [***]
(m)The parties hereto agree that irreparable damage would occur in the event that any of the provisions of this Subscription Agreement were not performed in accordance with their specific terms or were otherwise breached. It is accordingly agreed that the parties shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Subscription Agreement and to
enforce specifically the terms and provisions of this Subscription Agreement, this being in addition to any other remedy to which such party is entitled at law, in equity, in contract, in tort or otherwise.
(n)This Subscription Agreement, and any claim or cause of action hereunder based upon, arising out of or related to this Subscription Agreement (whether based on law, in equity, in contract, in tort or any other theory) or the negotiation, execution, performance or enforcement of this Subscription Agreement, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to the principles of conflicts of laws thereof.
THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY SUBMIT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE, AND, IF SUCH FEDERAL COURT DOES NOT HAVE JURISDICTION, THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE SOLELY IN RESPECT OF THE INTERPRETATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT AND THE DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO IN THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT AND IN RESPECT OF THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, AND HEREBY WAIVE, AND AGREE NOT TO ASSERT, AS A DEFENSE IN ANY ACTION, SUIT OR PROCEEDING FOR INTERPRETATION OR ENFORCEMENT HEREOF OR ANY SUCH DOCUMENT THAT IS NOT SUBJECT THERETO OR THAT SUCH ACTION, SUIT OR PROCEEDING MAY NOT BE BROUGHT OR IS NOT MAINTAINABLE IN SAID COURTS OR THAT VENUE THEREOF MAY NOT BE APPROPRIATE OR THAT THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT OR ANY SUCH DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE ENFORCED IN OR BY SUCH COURTS, AND THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY AGREE THAT ALL CLAIMS WITH RESPECT TO SUCH ACTION, SUIT OR PROCEEDING SHALL BE HEARD AND DETERMINED BY SUCH FEDERAL OR DELAWARE STATE COURT. THE PARTIES HEREBY CONSENT TO AND GRANT ANY SUCH COURT JURISDICTION OVER THE PERSON OF SUCH PARTIES AND OVER THE SUBJECT MATTER OF SUCH DISPUTE AND AGREE THAT MAILING OF PROCESS OR OTHER PAPERS IN CONNECTION WITH SUCH ACTION, SUIT OR PROCEEDING IN THE MANNER PROVIDED IN SECTION 8(l) OR IN SUCH OTHER MANNER AS MAY BE PERMITTED BY LAW SHALL BE VALID AND SUFFICIENT SERVICE THEREOF.
EACH PARTY ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT ANY CONTROVERSY WHICH MAY ARISE UNDER THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY IS LIKELY TO INVOLVE COMPLICATED AND DIFFICULT ISSUES, AND THEREFORE EACH SUCH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT SUCH PARTY MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LITIGATION DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED BY THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT. EACH PARTY CERTIFIES AND ACKNOWLEDGES THAT (I) NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER; (II) SUCH PARTY
UNDERSTANDS AND HAS CONSIDERED THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE FOREGOING WAIVER; (III) SUCH PARTY MAKES THE FOREGOING WAIVER VOLUNTARILY AND (IV) SUCH PARTY HAS BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVER AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION 8(n).
(o)Tamboran shall, (i) by 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on the trading day immediately following the date of this Subscription Agreement, issue a press release or file a Current Report on Form 8-K disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby and (ii) file a Current Report on Form 8-K, including a form of this Subscription Agreement as an exhibit thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the Exchange Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as may otherwise be agreed with the Subscriber, without such Subscriber’s prior written consent (email being sufficient), Tamboran shall not identify such Subscriber or respective affiliates by name or by identifiable description in any issuance of a press release, on its website, in any marketing materials or investor presentations, on social media channels, or in any SEC Reports (unless required by the rules and regulations of the SEC). From and after the issuance of such press release, Tamboran represents to the Subscriber that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to such Subscriber by Tamboran or any of its subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Tamboran understands and confirms that the Subscriber shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of Tamboran.
[Signature Pages Immediately Follow]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of Tamboran and Subscriber has executed or caused this Subscription Agreement to be executed by its duly authorized representative as of the date set forth below.
TAMBORAN RESOURCES CORPORATION
By:
Name: Eric Dyer
Title: Chief Financial Officer
Date: October [ ò ], 2025
Signature Page to Subscription Agreement
| | |
| SUBSCRIBER: |
|
|
| Signature of Subscriber: |
|
By:___________________________________ Name: Title: |
|
Date: , 2025 |
| | |
___________________________________ Name in which securities are to be registered (if different) |
|
| Email Address: ______________________ |
Subscriber’s EIN: |
| Business Address-Street: |
|
| ___________________________________ |
|
___________________________________ City, State, Zip: |
| Attn: |
|
| Telephone No.: ______________________ |
|
| Facsimile No.: _______________________ |
|
| Aggregate Number of Acquired Shares subscribed for: |
| _______________________________ |
|
Aggregate Purchase Price: $ [●] |
|
You must pay the Purchase Price by wire transfer of United States dollars in immediately available funds to the account specified by Tamboran in the Closing Notice.
Signature Page to Subscription Agreement
SCHEDULE A
ELIGIBILITY REPRESENTATIONS OF SUBSCRIBER
| | | | | | | | |
| A. | QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER STATUS (Please check the applicable subparagraphs): |
| 1 | ☐ We are a “qualified institutional buyer” (as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act (a “QIB”)). |
| 2 | ☐ We are subscribing for the Acquired Shares as a fiduciary or agent for one or more investor accounts, and each owner of such account is a QIB. |
*** OR ***
| | | | | | | | |
| B. | ACCREDITED INVESTOR STATUS (Please check the applicable subparagraphs): |
| 1 | ☐ We are an “accredited investor” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act) or an entity in which all of the equity holders are accredited investors within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act and have marked and initialed the appropriate box on the following page indicating the provision under which we qualify as an “accredited investor.” |
| 2 | ☐ We are not a natural person. |
*** AND ***
| | | | | | | | |
| C. | AFFILIATE STATUS (Please check the applicable box) |
| SUBSCRIBER: |
| ☐ | is: |
| ☐ | is not: |
an “affiliate” (as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act) of Tamboran acting on behalf of an affiliate of Tamboran.
This page should be completed by Subscriber
and constitutes a part of the Subscription Agreement.
Rule 501(a), in relevant part, states that an “accredited investor” shall mean any person who comes within any of the below listed categories, or who the issuer reasonably believes comes within any of the below listed categories, at the time of the sale of the securities to that person. Subscriber has indicated, by marking and initialing the appropriate box below, the provision(s) below which apply to Subscriber and under which Subscriber accordingly qualifies as an “accredited investor.”
ENTITY
☐ Any bank as defined in section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act, or any savings and loan association or other institution as defined in section 3(a)(5)(A) of the Securities Act whether acting in its individual or fiduciary capacity;
☐ Any broker or dealer registered pursuant to section 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;
☐ Any insurance company as defined in section 2(a)(13) of the Securities Act;
☐ Any investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 or a business development company as defined in section 2(a)(48) of that Act;
☐ Any Small Business Investment Company licensed by the U.S. Small Business Administration under section 301(c) or (d) of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958;
☐ Any plan established and maintained by a state, its political subdivisions, or any agency or instrumentality of a state or its political subdivisions, for the benefit of its employees, if such plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000;
☐ Any employee benefit plan within the meaning of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 if the investment decision is made by a plan fiduciary, as defined in section 3(21) of such act, which is either a bank, savings and loan association, insurance company, or registered investment adviser, or if the employee benefit plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000 or, if a self-directed plan, with investment decisions made solely by persons that are accredited investors;
☐ Any private business development company as defined in section 202(a)(22) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940;
☐ Any organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, corporation, Massachusetts or similar business trust, or partnership, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, with total assets in excess of $5,000,000; or
☐ Any trust, with total assets in excess of $5,000,000, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, whose purchase is directed by a sophisticated person as described in § 230.506(b)(2)(ii).
☐ Any “family office,” as defined in rule 202(a)(11)(G)-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940: (i) with assets under management in excess of $5,000,000, (ii) that is not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, and (iii) whose prospective investment is directed by a person who has such knowledge and experience in
financial and business matters that such family office is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment;
☐ Any “family client,” as defined in rule 202(a)(11)(G)-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, of a family office meeting the requirements described above and whose prospective investment in the issuer is directed by such family office pursuant to clause (iii) of the above; or
☐ Any entity in which all of the equity owners are accredited investors meeting one or more of the above and below tests.
This page should be completed by Subscriber
and constitutes a part of the Subscription Agreement.
INDIVIDUAL
☐ Any director, executive officer, or general partner of the issuer of the securities being offered or sold, or any director, executive officer, or general partner of a general partner of that issuer.
☐ Any natural person whose individual net worth, or joint net worth with that person’s spouse, at the time of his or her purchase exceeds $1,000,000. For purposes of calculating a natural person’s net worth: (a) the person’s primary residence must not be included as an asset; (b) indebtedness secured by the person’s primary residence up to the estimated fair market value of the primary residence must not be included as a liability (except that if the amount of such indebtedness outstanding at the time of calculation exceeds the amount outstanding 60 days before such time, other than as a result of the acquisition of the primary residence, the amount of such excess must be included as a liability); and (c) indebtedness that is secured by the person’s primary residence in excess of the estimated fair market value of the residence must be included as a liability;
☐ Any natural person who had an individual income in excess of $200,000 in each of the two most recent years or joint income with that person’s spouse in excess of $300,000 in each of those years and has a reasonable expectation of reaching the same income level in the current year;
This page should be completed by Subscriber
and constitutes a part of the Subscription Agreement.
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT
This SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT (this “Subscription Agreement”) is entered into on October 24, 2025, by and between Tamboran Resources Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Tamboran”), and the subscriber party set forth on the signature page hereto (“Subscriber”).
WHEREAS, Subscriber desires to subscribe for and to purchase from Tamboran that number of shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”) set forth on the signature page hereto (the “Acquired Shares”) for a purchase price of $21.00 per share and an aggregate purchase price set forth on the signature page hereto (the “Purchase Price”), and Tamboran desires to issue and sell to the Subscriber the Acquired Shares in consideration of the payment of the Purchase Price by or on behalf of Subscriber to Tamboran;
WHEREAS, Tamboran may enter into separate subscription agreements (the “Other Subscription Agreements”) with certain other “qualified institutional buyers” and/or “accredited investors” (such persons, collectively, the “Other PIPE Investors”) on substantially the same terms as those set forth in this Subscription Agreement, pursuant to which such investors will subscribe for and agree to purchase shares of Common Stock at the same price per share; and
WHEREAS, the Subscriber is an affiliate of Tamboran, and the Subscription (as defined below) requires the approval of the shareholders of Tamboran for the purposes of complying with the rules and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) and the Australian Securities Exchange to issue and sell to the Subscriber the Acquired Shares (“Shareholder Approval”).
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual representations, warranties and covenants, and subject to the conditions, herein contained, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:
1.Subscription. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, Subscriber hereby agrees to subscribe for and purchase, and Tamboran hereby agrees to issue and sell to Subscriber, the Acquired Shares on the Closing Date (as defined below) in consideration for the payment of the Purchase Price to Tamboran or its designee (such subscription and issuance, the “Subscription”).
2.Closing.
(a)Subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth herein, the closing of the Subscription contemplated hereby (the “Closing”) shall take place on the third business day following receipt of Shareholder Approval (the “Closing Date”). Not less than three (3) business days prior to the scheduled Closing Date, Tamboran shall provide written notice to Subscriber (the “Closing Notice”) of (i) such Closing Date and (ii) the wire instructions for delivery of the Purchase Price. On the Closing Date, Tamboran shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to Subscriber (A) the Acquired Shares in book entry form, free and clear of any liens or other restrictions whatsoever (other than those arising under state or federal securities laws), in the name of Subscriber (or its nominee in accordance with its delivery instructions) or to a custodian designated by Subscriber, as applicable, and (B) a copy of the records of Tamboran showing Subscriber as the owner of the Acquired Shares on and as of the Closing Date. On the Closing
Date, Subscriber shall deliver to Tamboran the Purchase Price for the Acquired Shares by wire transfer of U.S. dollars in immediately available funds to the account specified by Tamboran in the Closing Notice (if such funds are delivered before the Closing Date, such funds to be held in escrow until the Closing Date). Prior to the Closing Date, Subscriber shall deliver to Tamboran (1) such information as is reasonably requested in the Closing Notice in order for Tamboran to cause the Acquired Shares to be issued and delivered to Subscriber and (2) a duly completed and executed Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 or appropriate Internal Revenue Service Form W-8.
(b) The Closing Date shall be subject to the satisfaction (or waiver (to the extent legally permissible) in writing by the party having the benefit of the applicable condition) of the conditions that, on the Closing Date:
(i)solely with respect to Tamboran, the representations and warranties made by Subscriber in this Subscription Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the Closing Date, other than (x) representations and warranties expressly made as of an earlier date, which shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such date, and (y) representations and warranties that are qualified as to materiality, which representations and warranties shall be true in all respects;
(ii)solely with respect to Subscriber, the representations and warranties made by Tamboran in this Subscription Agreement (other than the representations and warranties set forth in Section 3(b), Section 3(d) and Section 3(h)) shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the Closing Date, other than (x) those representations and warranties expressly made as of an earlier date, which shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such date, and (y) representations and warranties that are qualified as to materiality, which representations and warranties shall be true in all respects, and (i) the representations and warranties made by Tamboran set forth in Section 3(b) and Section 3(d) shall be true and correct in all respects and (ii) other than de minimis changes with respect to shares of Common Stock subject to issuance upon exercise of outstanding warrants and/or underlying equity incentive awards and the vesting of such awards, the representations and warranties made by Tamboran set forth in Section 3(h) shall be true and correct in all respects, each as of the Closing Date;
(iii)solely with respect to Subscriber, Tamboran shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Subscription Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by it at or prior to the Closing Date;
(iv)solely with respect to Tamboran, Subscriber shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Subscription Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by it at or prior to the Closing Date;
(v)there shall not be any law or order of any governmental authority having jurisdiction restraining, enjoining or otherwise prohibiting or making illegal the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Subscription Agreement;
(vi)no suspension of the qualification of the shares of Common Stock listed on the NYSE for any offering or sale or trading in any jurisdiction, or initiation or threatening of any proceedings for any such purposes, shall have occurred;
(vii)there shall have been no Tamboran Material Adverse Effect with respect to Tamboran since the date hereof;
(viii)Tamboran shall have delivered to Subscriber a duly executed and delivered certificate of Tamboran’s chief executive officer or chief financial officer, dated as of the Closing Date, certifying as to the fulfillment of the conditions specified in Sections 2(b)(ii), (iii), (v) (with respect to Tamboran), (vi), (vii) and (ix); and
(ix)Tamboran shall have filed with the NYSE a supplemental listing application covering the Acquired Shares (the “SLAP”) and no objection shall have been raised by the NYSE with respect to the SLAP or the issuance of the Acquired Shares.
(c)At the Closing, the parties hereto shall execute and deliver such additional documents and take such additional actions as the parties reasonably may deem to be practical and necessary in order to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Subscription Agreement.
3.Representations and Warranties of Tamboran. Tamboran represents and warrants to Subscriber that:
(a)Tamboran has been duly formed and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with entity power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and conduct its business as presently conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted as described in the SEC Reports and to enter into, deliver and perform its obligations under this Subscription Agreement.
(b)As of the Closing, the Acquired Shares shall have been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered to Subscriber against full payment for the Acquired Shares in accordance with the terms of this Subscription Agreement, the Acquired Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of any liens or other restrictions whatsoever (other than those arising under state or federal securities laws) and will not have been issued in violation of or subject to any preemptive or similar rights.
(c)There are no securities or instruments issued by or to which Tamboran is a party containing anti-dilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by the issuance of (i) the Acquired Shares or (ii) the Common Stock issued or to be issued pursuant to the Other Subscription Agreements, as applicable.
(d)This Subscription Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by Tamboran and is enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited or otherwise affected by (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium or other laws relating to or affecting the rights of creditors generally, and (ii) principles of equity, whether considered at law or equity.
(e)The execution, delivery and performance of this Subscription Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, do not and will not conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any of the properties or assets of Tamboran pursuant to the terms of (i) any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, lease, license or other agreement or instrument to which Tamboran is a party or by which Tamboran is bound or to which any of the property or assets of Tamboran is subject; (ii) the organizational documents of Tamboran; or (iii) any statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over Tamboran or any of its properties that, in the case of clauses (i) and (iii), would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the business, properties, assets, liabilities, operations, condition (including financial condition) or results of operations of Tamboran or materially and adversely affect the validity of
the Acquired Shares or the legal authority or ability of Tamboran to perform in any material respects its obligations hereunder (a “Tamboran Material Adverse Effect”).
(f)Tamboran is not in default or violation (and no event has occurred which, with notice or the lapse of time or both, would constitute a default or violation) of any term, condition or provision of (i) the organizational documents of Tamboran, (ii) any loan or credit agreement, note, bond, mortgage, indenture, lease or other agreement, permit, franchise or license to which, as of the date of this Subscription Agreement, Tamboran is a party or by which Tamboran’s properties or assets are bound or (iii) any law, statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over Tamboran or any of its properties, except, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), for defaults or violations that have not had and would not be reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Tamboran Material Adverse Effect.
(g)Assuming the accuracy of Subscriber’s representations and warranties set forth in Section 4, Tamboran, in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by Tamboran of this Subscription Agreement (including, without limitation, the issuance of the Acquired Shares), is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority, self-regulatory organization or other person, other than (i) filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), (ii) filings required by applicable state securities laws, (iii) those required by the NYSE, and (iv) any required stockholder approvals.
(h)Tamboran is authorized to issue two classes of stock: Common Stock and preferred stock having a par value of $0.0001 per share (“Tamboran Preferred Stock”). The total number of shares of capital stock that Tamboran has authority to issue is 11,000,000,000 shares, of which the total number of shares of Common Stock that Tamboran is authorized to issue is 10,000,000,000 shares and the total number of shares of Tamboran Preferred Stock that Tamboran is authorized to issue is 1,000,000,000. As of the date hereof, and prior to the issuance of Common Stock in connection with Tamboran’s concurrent public equity offering, (i) 17,820,758 shares of Common Stock are issued and outstanding, all of which are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and not subject to any preemptive rights, (ii) no shares of Common Stock are subject to issuance upon exercise of outstanding warrants, (iii) up to 1,822,506 shares of Common Stock are subject to issuance subject to the vesting conditions of equity incentive awards and (iv) no shares of Tamboran Preferred Stock are issued and outstanding, and there are no agreements or contracts that require the issuance of any Tamboran Preferred Stock.
(i)As of their respective filing dates, all reports required to be filed by Tamboran with the SEC since June 26, 2024 (the “SEC Reports”) complied in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder. None of the SEC Reports, when filed or, if amended, as of the date of such amendment with respect to those disclosures that are amended, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The financial statements of Tamboran included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of Tamboran as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited financial statements, to normal, year-end audit adjustments. A copy of each SEC Report is available to the Subscriber via the SEC’s EDGAR system. There are no material outstanding or unresolved comments in comment letters received by Tamboran (or any affiliate
or subsidiary thereof) from the staff of the Division of Corporation Finance of the SEC with respect to any of the SEC Reports.
(j)Other than as disclosed in the SEC Reports, Tamboran has established and maintains systems of internal accounting controls that are designed to provide, in all material respects, reasonable assurance that (i) all transactions are executed in accordance with management’s authorization and (ii) all transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of proper and accurate financial statements in accordance with GAAP and to maintain accountability for Tamboran’s assets. Tamboran maintains, and has maintained, books and records in the ordinary course of business that are accurate and complete and properly reflect the revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities of Tamboran in all material respects.
(k)Since the date of the balance sheet included in Tamboran’s Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2025, there has been (i) no Tamboran Material Adverse Effect, (ii) no transaction which is material to Tamboran and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iii) no obligation or liability, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), incurred by Tamboran or its subsidiaries, which is material to Tamboran and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iv) no change in the capital stock or outstanding indebtedness of Tamboran and its subsidiaries, other than as described in the SEC Reports and Section 3(h) of this Subscription Agreement and (v) no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made on the capital stock of Tamboran or any of its subsidiaries.
(l)Tamboran and each of its subsidiaries maintain insurance covering their respective properties, operations, personnel and businesses as Tamboran reasonably deems adequate; such insurance insures against such losses and risks in accordance with customary industry practice to protect Tamboran and its subsidiaries and their respective businesses and which is commercially reasonably for the current conduct of their respective businesses; to Tamboran’s Knowledge, all such insurance is fully in force on the date hereof and is expected to be fully in force at each time of purchase, if any; neither Tamboran nor any subsidiary has reason to believe that it will not be able to (i) renew any such insurance as and when such insurance expires or (ii) obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted at a cost that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in any Tamboran Material Adverse Effect. “Tamboran’s Knowledge” with respect to any statement means the actual knowledge, or knowledge that would have been acquired after reasonable inquiry, of the executive officers or directors of Tamboran.
(m)Assuming the accuracy of Subscriber’s representations and warranties set forth in Section 4, no registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) is required for the offer and sale of the Acquired Shares by Tamboran to Subscriber.
(n)Neither Tamboran nor any person acting on its behalf has engaged or will engage in any form of general solicitation or general advertising within the meaning of applicable securities laws in connection with any offer or sale of the Acquired Shares.
(o)None of Tamboran, any of its subsidiaries nor any person acting on their behalf has taken or will take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that is likely to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of Tamboran to facilitate the sale or resale of the Acquired Shares or otherwise, and has taken no action which could reasonably be expected to directly or indirectly violate Regulation M under the Exchange Act.
(p)Except for such matters as have not had and would not be reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Tamboran Material Adverse Effect, there is no
proceeding pending, or, to Tamboran’s Knowledge, threatened against Tamboran or any judgment, decree, injunction, ruling or order of any governmental entity or arbitrator outstanding against Tamboran.
(q)Tamboran has not paid, and is not obligated to pay, any brokerage, finder’s or other fee or commission in connection with its issuance and sale of the Acquired Shares, including, for the avoidance of doubt, any fee or commission payable to any equityholder or affiliate of Tamboran.
(r)None of Tamboran, its subsidiaries, any person acting on its behalf nor, to Tamboran’s Knowledge, any of its affiliates has, directly or indirectly, at any time within the applicable period set forth in Rule 152 promulgated under the Securities Act, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security under circumstances that would (i) eliminate the availability of the exemption from registration under the Securities Act in connection with the sale by Tamboran of the Acquired Shares as contemplated hereby or (ii) cause the sale of the Acquired Shares pursuant to this Subscription Agreement to be integrated with prior offerings by Tamboran for purposes of any applicable law, regulation or stockholder approval provisions, including, without limitation, under the rules and regulations of any exchange on which any of the securities of Tamboran are listed or designated.
(s)Other than the Subscribers and the parties to the Sheffield RRA (as defined below), no person has any right to cause Tamboran to effect the registration under the Securities Act of the offer and sale of any securities of Tamboran other than (i) those offers and sales which are currently registered on an effective registration statement on file with the SEC and (ii) such rights as have been temporarily waived.
(t)The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and Tamboran has taken no action designed to terminate the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act, nor has Tamboran received any notification that the SEC or the NYSE is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. Tamboran is, and immediately following the Closing will be, in compliance with all applicable listing requirements of the NYSE.
(u)Neither Tamboran nor any of its subsidiaries has taken any steps to seek protection pursuant to any law or statute relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, receivership, liquidation or winding up, nor does Tamboran or any subsidiary have any knowledge or reason to believe that any of their respective creditors intend to initiate involuntary bankruptcy proceedings or any actual knowledge of any fact which would reasonably lead a creditor to do so. Tamboran and its subsidiaries, individually and on a consolidated basis, are not as of the date hereof, and after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby to occur at the Closing, will not be Insolvent (as defined below). For purposes hereof, “Insolvent” means, with respect to any person, (i) the present fair saleable value of such person’s assets is less than the amount required to pay such person’s total indebtedness, (ii) such person is unable to pay its debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and liabilities become absolute and matured, (iii) such person intends to incur or believes that it will incur debts that would be beyond its ability to pay as such debts mature or (iv) such person has unreasonably small capital with which to conduct the business in which it is engaged as such business is now conducted and is proposed to be conducted.
(v)Neither Tamboran nor any subsidiary nor, to Tamboran’s Knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of Tamboran or any subsidiary is currently the target of or otherwise subject to any restrictions under, any sanctions administered or enforced by the United States, including without limitation, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”) or the U.S. Department of State; the United Nations Security
Council; Canada; the European Union; the United Kingdom; or other government authority with jurisdiction over the parties (collectively, “Sanctions”). None of Tamboran or any of its subsidiaries, affiliates, or agents is located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or target of country or territory-wide Sanctions, including, without limitation, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea or Syria (each, a “Sanctioned Country”). Tamboran and its subsidiaries, affiliates, or agents will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds from the Acquired Shares, or lend, or knowingly contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds: (i) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any person that is the target of, or otherwise subject to restrictions under, any Sanctions; (ii) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business in any Sanctioned Country; or (iii) in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, initial purchaser, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions. In the past five years, none of Tamboran nor any of its subsidiaries, affiliates, or agents have engaged in or are now engaged in any dealings or transactions: (i) with, or involving the interests or property of, any person that, at the time of the dealing or transaction, was or is subject to restrictions imposed by any Sanctions or located, organized or resident in a Sanctioned Country; or (ii) that are otherwise prohibited by Sanctions.
(w)The operations of Tamboran and its subsidiaries are in compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable money laundering and anti-terrorism financing statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), and no action or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving Tamboran or any subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to Tamboran’s Knowledge or the knowledge of any subsidiary, threatened or being investigated.
(x)Tamboran has not received any written communication from a governmental entity that alleges that Tamboran is not in compliance with or is in default or violation of any applicable law, except where such non-compliance, default or violation would not, individually or in the aggregate, be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect.
4.Subscriber Representations and Warranties. Subscriber represents and warrants that:
(a)Subscriber has been duly formed or incorporated in and is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or formation, with power and authority (or in the case of an individual, the legal capacity) to enter into, deliver and perform its obligations under this Subscription Agreement.
(b)This Subscription Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by Subscriber and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery of the same by Tamboran, is enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited or otherwise affected by (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium or other laws relating to or affecting the rights of creditors generally, and (ii) principles of equity, whether considered at law or equity.
(c)The execution, delivery and performance by Subscriber of this Subscription Agreement, including the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, will not conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any of the property or assets of Subscriber pursuant to the terms of (i) any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, lease, license or other agreement or instrument to which Subscriber is a party or by which Subscriber is bound or to which any of the property or assets of Subscriber is subject; (ii) the organizational documents of Subscriber; or
(iii) any statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over Subscriber or any of its properties that, in the case of clauses (i) and (iii), would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the legal authority or ability of the Subscriber to perform in any material respects its obligations hereunder.
(d)Subscriber (i) is a “qualified institutional buyer” (as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act) or an “accredited investor” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act) satisfying the applicable requirements set forth on Schedule A, (ii) is acquiring the Acquired Shares only for its own account and not for the account of others, or if Subscriber is subscribing for the Acquired Shares as a fiduciary or agent for one or more investor accounts, each owner of such account is a “qualified institutional buyer” (as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act) or an “accredited investor” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act) and Subscriber has full investment discretion with respect to each such account, and the full power and authority to make the acknowledgements, representations and agreements herein on behalf of each owner of each such account, and (iii) is not acquiring the Acquired Shares with a view to, or for offer or sale in connection with, any distribution thereof in violation of the Securities Act (and shall provide the requested information on either (a) Schedule A following the signature page hereto or (b) on such other form agreed among the Subscriber and Tamboran). Subscriber is not an entity formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the Acquired Shares, unless such newly formed entity is an entity in which all of the equity owners are “accredited investors” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act).
(e)Subscriber understands that the Acquired Shares are being offered and sold pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act under Section 4(a)(2) thereof in a transaction not involving any public offering within the meaning of the Securities Act and that the Acquired Shares have not been registered under the Securities Act. Subscriber understands that the Acquired Shares may not be resold, transferred, pledged or otherwise disposed of by Subscriber absent an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, except (i) to Tamboran or a subsidiary thereof, (ii) to non-U.S. persons pursuant to offers and sales that occur outside the United States within the meaning of Regulation S under the Securities Act, (iii) pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act provided that all of the applicable conditions thereof have been met or (iv) pursuant to another applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, and, in each of cases (i), (iii) and (iv), in accordance with any applicable securities laws of the states and other jurisdictions of the United States, and that any certificates or book entries representing the Acquired Shares shall contain a legend to such effect. Subscriber acknowledges that the Acquired Shares will not be eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A promulgated under the Securities Act. Subscriber understands that it has been advised to consult legal counsel prior to making any offer, resale, pledge or transfer of any of the Acquired Shares.
(f)Subscriber understands and agrees that Subscriber is purchasing the Acquired Shares directly from Tamboran. Subscriber acknowledges that there have been no representations, warranties, covenants and agreements made to Subscriber by Tamboran or any of its officers, managers or representatives, expressly or by implication, other than those representations, warranties, covenants and agreements included in this Subscription Agreement. Subscriber further acknowledges and agrees that Tamboran has not made and is not making in this Subscription Agreement any representation or warranty as to the U.S. federal, state or local or non-U.S. tax consequences to such Subscriber as a result of such Subscriber’s purchase of the Acquired Shares.
(g)Subscriber represents and warrants that its acquisition and holding of the Acquired Shares will not constitute or result in a non-exempt prohibited transaction under
Section 406 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), or any applicable similar law.
(h)In making its decision to purchase the Acquired Shares, Subscriber represents that it has relied solely upon independent investigation made by Subscriber. Subscriber acknowledges and agrees that Subscriber has received such information as Subscriber deems necessary in order to make an investment decision with respect to the Acquired Shares. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Subscriber acknowledges that it has access to the SEC Reports. Subscriber represents and agrees that Subscriber and Subscriber’s professional advisor(s), if any, have had the full opportunity to ask such questions, receive such answers and obtain such information as Subscriber and such Subscriber’s professional advisor(s), if any, have deemed necessary to make an investment decision with respect to the Acquired Shares. Subscriber further acknowledges that there have been no, and in purchasing the Acquired Shares, Subscriber is not relying on any representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made to Subscriber by any person or entity, expressly or by implication.
(i)Subscriber became aware of this offering of the Acquired Shares solely by means of direct contact between Subscriber and Tamboran. Subscriber did not become aware of this offering of the Acquired Shares, nor were the Acquired Shares offered to Subscriber, by any other means.
(j)Subscriber acknowledges that it is aware that there are substantial risks incident to the purchase and ownership of the Acquired Shares, including those set forth in the SEC Reports. Subscriber has such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of an investment in the Acquired Shares, and Subscriber has sought such accounting, legal and tax advice as Subscriber has considered necessary to make an informed investment decision. Subscriber further acknowledges and agrees that Tamboran has not made and is not making in this Subscription Agreement any representation or warranty as to the U.S. federal, state or local or non-U.S. tax consequences to such Subscriber as a result of such Subscriber’s purchase of the Acquired Shares.
(k)Subscriber has adequately analyzed and fully considered the risks of an investment in the Acquired Shares and determined that the Acquired Shares are a suitable investment for Subscriber, and Subscriber is able at this time and in the foreseeable future to bear the economic risk of a total loss of Subscriber’s investment in Tamboran. Subscriber acknowledges specifically that a possibility of total loss exists.
(l)Subscriber understands and agrees that no federal or state agency has passed upon or endorsed the merits of the offering of the Acquired Shares or made any findings or determination as to the fairness of this investment.
(m)Subscriber is not (i) a person or entity named on the List of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons, the Executive Order 13599 List, the Foreign Sanctions Evaders List, or the Sectoral Sanctions Identification List, each of which is administered by the OFAC, or any other Executive Order issued by the President of the United States and administered by OFAC (collectively “OFAC Lists”), (ii) owned or controlled by, or acting on behalf of, a person, that is named on an OFAC List; (iii) organized, incorporated, established, located, resident or born in, or a citizen, national, or the government, including any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, of, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria, the Crimea region of Ukraine, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic, the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic, or any other country or territory embargoed or subject to comprehensive sanctions by the United States, (iv) a Designated National as defined in the Cuban Assets Control Regulations, 31 C.F.R. Part 515, or (v) a non-U.S. shell bank or providing banking services
indirectly to a non-U.S. shell bank. Subscriber represents that if it is a financial institution subject to the Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C. section 5311 et seq.) (the “BSA”), as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (the “PATRIOT Act”), and its implementing regulations (collectively, the “BSA/PATRIOT Act”), that Subscriber maintains policies and procedures reasonably designed to comply with applicable obligations under the BSA/PATRIOT Act. Subscriber also represents that, to the extent required, it maintains policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure compliance with OFAC-administered sanctions programs, including for the screening of its investors against the OFAC Lists. Subscriber further represents and warrants that, to the extent required, it maintains policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that the funds held by Subscriber and used to purchase the Acquired Shares were legally derived.
(n)If Subscriber is an employee benefit plan that is subject to Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), a plan, an individual retirement account or other arrangement that is subject to section 4975 of the Code or an employee benefit plan that is a governmental plan (as defined in section 3(32) of ERISA), a church plan (as defined in section 3(33) of ERISA), a non-U.S. plan (as described in section 4(b)(4) of ERISA) or other plan that is not subject to the foregoing but may be subject to provisions under any other federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other laws or regulations that are similar to such provisions of ERISA or the Code, or an entity whose underlying assets are considered to include “plan assets” of any such plan, account or arrangement (each, a “Plan”) subject to the fiduciary or prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA or section 4975 of the Code, Subscriber represents and warrants that (i) neither Tamboran nor any of its affiliates (the “Transaction Parties”), has acted as the Plan’s fiduciary, or has been relied on for advice, with respect to its decision to acquire and hold the Acquired Shares, and none of the Transaction Parties shall at any time be relied upon as the Plan’s fiduciary with respect to any decision to acquire, continue to hold or transfer the Acquired Shares; (ii) the decision to invest in the Acquired Shares has been made at the recommendation or direction of an “independent fiduciary” within the meaning of US Code of Federal Regulations 29 C.F.R. section 2510.3 21(c), as amended from time to time (the “Fiduciary Rule”) who is (1) independent of the Transaction Parties; (2) is capable of evaluating investment risks independently, both in general and with respect to particular transactions and investment strategies (within the meaning of the Fiduciary Rule); (3) is a fiduciary (under ERISA and/or section 4975 of the Code) with respect to Subscriber’s investment in the Acquired Shares and is responsible for exercising independent judgment in evaluating the investment in the Acquired Shares; and (4) is aware of and acknowledges that none of the Transaction Parties is undertaking to provide impartial investment advice, or to give advice in a fiduciary capacity, in connection with the purchaser’s or transferee’s investment in the Acquired Shares.
(o)Subscriber has, and at the Closing will have, sufficient funds to pay the Purchase Price.
(p)Subscriber acknowledges and agrees that it is not entitled to the protections or disclosures required by Regulation Best Interest or Form CRS with respect to the Subscription.
5.Piggyback Registration Rights.
(a)Whenever Tamboran proposes to register the offer and sale of any Common Stock under the Securities Act (other than a registration (i) pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-8 (or other registration solely relating to an offering or sale to employees or directors of Tamboran pursuant to any employee stock plan or other employee benefit arrangement), (ii) pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-4 (or similar form that relates to a transaction subject to Rule 145 under the Securities Act or any successor rule thereto), or (iii) in connection with any dividend or distribution reinvestment or similar plan), whether for its own
account or for the account of one or more stockholders of Tamboran and the form of registration statement (a “Piggyback Registration Statement”) to be used may be used for any registration of Acquired Shares (a “Piggyback Registration”), Tamboran shall give prompt written notice (in any event no later than ten (10) business days prior to the filing of such registration statement) to the holders of Acquired Shares of its intention to effect such a registration and, subject to Section 5(b) and Section 5(c), shall include in such registration all Acquired Shares with respect to which Tamboran has received written requests for inclusion from the holders of Acquired Shares within five (5) business days after Tamboran’s notice has been given to each such holder. Tamboran may postpone or withdraw the filing or the effectiveness of a Piggyback Registration at any time in its sole discretion. If any Piggyback Registration Statement pursuant to which holders of Acquired Shares have registered the offer and sale of Acquired Shares is a registration statement on Form S-3 or the then appropriate form for an offering to be made on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act or any successor rule thereto (a “Piggyback Shelf Registration Statement”), such holder(s) shall have the right, but not the obligation, to be notified of and to participate in any offering under such Piggyback Shelf Registration Statement (a “Piggyback Shelf Takedown”).
(b)If a Piggyback Registration or Piggyback Shelf Takedown is initiated as a primary underwritten offering on behalf of Tamboran and the managing underwriter advises Tamboran and the holders of Acquired Shares (if any holders of Acquired Shares have elected to include Acquired Shares in such Piggyback Registration or Piggyback Shelf Takedown) in writing that in its opinion the number of shares of Common Stock proposed to be included in such registration or takedown, including all Acquired Shares and all other shares of Common Stock proposed to be included in such underwritten offering, exceeds the number of shares of Common Stock which can be sold in such offering and/or that the number of shares of Tamboran Common Stock proposed to be included in any such registration or takedown would adversely affect the price per share of the Common Stock to be sold in such offering, Tamboran shall include in such registration or takedown (i) first, the shares of Common Stock that Tamboran proposes to sell; (ii) second, the shares of Common Stock requested to be included therein by the parties of that certain Registration Rights Agreement, dated June 28, 2024, between Tamboran, Sheffield Holdings, LP, and each of the other signatories from time to time party thereto (the “Sheffield RRA”), and (iii) third, the shares of Common Stock requested to be included therein by holders of Acquired Shares hereunder, allocated pro rata among all such holders on the basis of the number of Acquired Shares owned by each such holder or in such manner as they may otherwise agree.
(c)If a Piggyback Registration or Piggyback Shelf Takedown is initiated as an underwritten offering on behalf of a holder of Common Stock other than Acquired Shares, and the managing underwriter advises Tamboran in writing that in its reasonable and good faith opinion the number of shares of Common Stock proposed to be included in such registration or takedown, including all Acquired Shares and all other shares of Common Stock proposed to be included in such underwritten offering, exceeds the number of shares of Common Stock which can be sold in such offering and/or that the number of shares of Common Stock proposed to be included in any such registration or takedown would adversely affect the price per share of the Common Stock to be sold in such offering, Tamboran shall include in such registration or takedown (i) first, the shares of Common Stock requested to be included therein by the holder(s) requesting such registration or takedown and by the holders of Acquired Shares, allocated pro rata among all such holders on the basis of the number of shares of Common Stock other than the Acquired Shares (on a fully diluted, as converted basis) and the number of Acquired Shares, as applicable, owned by all such holders or in such manner as they may otherwise agree; and (ii) second, the shares of Common Stock requested to be included therein by other holders of Common Stock, allocated among such holders in such manner as they may agree.
(d)Tamboran shall select the investment banking firm or firms to act as the managing underwriter or underwriters in connection with any Piggyback Registration or Piggyback Shelf Takedown.
6.Termination. This Subscription Agreement shall terminate and be void and of no further force and effect, and all rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall terminate without any further liability on the part of any party in respect thereof, upon the mutual written agreement of each of the parties hereto to terminate this Subscription Agreement; provided, that nothing herein will relieve any party from liability for any willful breach hereof prior to the time of termination, and each party will be entitled to any remedies at law or in equity to recover losses, liabilities or damages arising from such breach.
7.Covenants.
(a)Tamboran’s Covenants.
(i)Except as contemplated herein, Tamboran, its subsidiaries and their respective affiliates shall not, and shall cause any person acting on behalf of any of the foregoing to not, take any action or steps that would require registration of the issuance of any of the Acquired Shares under the Securities Act.
(ii)With a view to making available to Subscriber the benefits of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act or any other similar rule or regulation of the SEC that may at any time permit Subscriber to sell securities of Tamboran to the public without registration, Tamboran agrees, from and after the time the benefits of such rules or regulations may be available to Subscriber until the Acquired Shares are registered for resale under the Securities Act, to:
(1)make and keep public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule 144;
(2)file with the SEC in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of Tamboran under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act if Tamboran becomes, and for so long as Tamboran remains, subject to such requirements and the filing of such reports and other documents is required for the applicable provisions of Rule 144; and
(3)furnish to Subscriber so long as it owns Acquired Shares, promptly upon request, (x) an electronic statement by Tamboran, if true, that it has complied with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act as required under Rule 144, (y) an electronic copy of the most recent annual or quarterly report of Tamboran and such other reports and documents so filed by Tamboran and (z) such other information as may be reasonably requested to permit Subscriber to sell such securities pursuant to Rule 144 without registration.
(iii)The legend described in Section 4(e) relating to securities law transfer restrictions shall be removed and Tamboran shall issue a certificate without such legend to the holder of the Acquired Shares upon which it is stamped or issue to such holder by electronic delivery at the applicable balance account at The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), if (i) such Acquired Shares are registered for resale under the Securities Act, (ii) in connection with a sale, assignment or other transfer, such holder provides Tamboran with customary representations and Tamboran provides the transfer agent an opinion of counsel to the effect that such sale, assignment or transfer of the Acquired Shares may be made without registration under the applicable requirements of the Securities Act, or (iii) the Acquired Shares can be sold, assigned or transferred pursuant to Rule 144. Tamboran shall be responsible for the fees of its transfer agent and all DTC fees associated with such issuance, including any other costs related
to Tamboran’s obligations under this Section 7(a)(iii) and Section 4(e), provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, the Subscriber shall be responsible for its fees associated with such issuance, including the preparation of any documents or certificates (including outside counsel fees).
(iv)Tamboran will use commercially reasonable efforts to continue the listing and trading of Common Stock on NYSE and, in accordance therewith, will use commercially reasonable efforts to comply in all material respects with Tamboran’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of such market or exchange, as applicable.
(v)Tamboran shall use commercially reasonable efforts to, within ninety (90) calendar days after the date hereof, hold a special meeting of shareholders to, among other matters, obtain Shareholder Approval.
(b)Subscriber’s Covenants.
(i)For a period of one year from the date hereof, Subscriber shall not engage in any short sales, as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act, of any securities of Tamboran.
8.Miscellaneous.
(a)Each party hereto acknowledges that the other party and others will rely on the acknowledgments, understandings, agreements, representations and warranties contained in this Subscription Agreement. Prior to the Closing Date, Subscriber agrees to promptly notify Tamboran if any of the acknowledgments, understandings, agreements, representations and warranties of Subscriber set forth herein are no longer accurate in all material respects.
(b)Tamboran and Subscriber are entitled to rely upon this Subscription Agreement and are irrevocably authorized to produce this Subscription Agreement or a copy hereof to any interested party in any administrative or legal proceeding or official inquiry with respect to the matters covered hereby and to the extent required by law or regulatory bodies.
(c)Subscriber may not assign this Subscription Agreement and any of Subscriber’s rights and obligations hereunder without the prior consent of Tamboran; provided, that nothing in this Subscription Agreement shall prohibit Subscriber from transferring or assigning any of its rights, interests and obligations pursuant to this Subscription Agreement to any controlled affiliate of such Subscriber so long as (i) such transfer or assignment would not reasonably be expected to impair or delay the ability of the Subscriber or such transferee to complete its respective obligations pursuant to this Subscription Agreement and (ii) such transferee would otherwise not violate any of the representation and warranties contained in Section 4 hereof. Subject to the foregoing, Subscriber’s permitted assignee(s) agrees to be bound by the terms hereof. Upon such permitted assignment by Subscriber, the assignee(s) shall become Subscriber hereunder and have the rights and obligations provided for herein to the extent of such assignment. Neither this Subscription Agreement nor any rights that may accrue to Tamboran hereunder or any of Tamboran’s respective obligations may be transferred or assigned.
(d)All the agreements, covenants, representations and warranties made by each party hereto in this Subscription Agreement shall survive for six (6) months following the Closing; provided, however, that the covenants in this Subscription Agreement that contemplate performance after the Closing or expressly by their terms survive the Closing shall survive the Closing in accordance with their respective terms or until fully performed.
(e)Tamboran may request from Subscriber such additional information as Tamboran may deem reasonably necessary to evaluate the eligibility of Subscriber to acquire the Acquired Shares, and Subscriber shall provide such information as may be reasonably requested, to the extent readily available and to the extent consistent with its internal policies and procedures; provided, that, that upon receipt of such additional information, Tamboran agrees to keep any such information confidential, except as may be required by applicable law, rule, regulation or in connection with any legal proceeding or regulatory request.
(f)This Subscription Agreement may not be modified, waived or terminated except by an instrument in writing, signed by the party against whom enforcement of such modification, waiver, or termination is sought.
(g)This Subscription Agreement constitutes the entire agreement, and supersedes all other prior agreements, understandings, representations and warranties, both written and oral, among the parties, with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Subscription Agreement shall not confer any rights or remedies upon any person other than the parties hereto and their respective successor and assigns.
(h)Except as otherwise provided herein, this Subscription Agreement shall be binding upon, and inure to, the benefit of the parties hereto and their affiliates, heirs, executors, administrators, successors, legal representatives, and permitted assigns, and the agreements, representations, warranties, covenants and acknowledgments contained herein shall be deemed to be made by, and be binding upon, such heirs, executors, administrators, successors, legal representatives and permitted assigns.
(i)If any provision of this Subscription Agreement shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality or enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Subscription Agreement shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and shall continue in full force and effect.
(j)This Subscription Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts (including by facsimile or electronic mail or in .pdf) and by different parties in separate counterparts, with the same effect as if all parties hereto had signed the same document. All counterparts so executed and delivered shall be construed together and shall constitute one and the same agreement.
(k)Subscriber shall pay all of its own expenses in connection with this Subscription Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Subscription Agreement.
(l)Any notice or communication required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and either delivered personally, or emailed, sent by overnight mail via a reputable overnight carrier, or sent by certified or registered mail, postage prepaid, and shall be deemed to be given and received (a) when so delivered personally, (b) when sent, with no mail undeliverable or other rejection notice, if sent by email, or (c) five (5) business days after the date of mailing to the address below or to such other address or addresses as such person may hereafter designate by notice given hereunder:
if to Subscriber, to such address or addresses set forth on the signature page hereto; and
if to Tamboran, to:
Tamboran Resources Corporation
Suite 01, Level 39, Tower One, International Towers Sydney
100 Barangaroo Avenue, Barangaroo NSW 2000, Australia
Attention: Eric Dyer; Rohan Vardaro
Email: [***]; [***]
(m)The parties hereto agree that irreparable damage would occur in the event that any of the provisions of this Subscription Agreement were not performed in accordance with their specific terms or were otherwise breached. It is accordingly agreed that the parties shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Subscription Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions of this Subscription Agreement, this being in addition to any other remedy to which such party is entitled at law, in equity, in contract, in tort or otherwise.
(n)This Subscription Agreement, and any claim or cause of action hereunder based upon, arising out of or related to this Subscription Agreement (whether based on law, in equity, in contract, in tort or any other theory) or the negotiation, execution, performance or enforcement of this Subscription Agreement, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to the principles of conflicts of laws thereof.
THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY SUBMIT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE, AND, IF SUCH FEDERAL COURT DOES NOT HAVE JURISDICTION, THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE SOLELY IN RESPECT OF THE INTERPRETATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT AND THE DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO IN THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT AND IN RESPECT OF THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, AND HEREBY WAIVE, AND AGREE NOT TO ASSERT, AS A DEFENSE IN ANY ACTION, SUIT OR PROCEEDING FOR INTERPRETATION OR ENFORCEMENT HEREOF OR ANY SUCH DOCUMENT THAT IS NOT SUBJECT THERETO OR THAT SUCH ACTION, SUIT OR PROCEEDING MAY NOT BE BROUGHT OR IS NOT MAINTAINABLE IN SAID COURTS OR THAT VENUE THEREOF MAY NOT BE APPROPRIATE OR THAT THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT OR ANY SUCH DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE ENFORCED IN OR BY SUCH COURTS, AND THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY AGREE THAT ALL CLAIMS WITH RESPECT TO SUCH ACTION, SUIT OR PROCEEDING SHALL BE HEARD AND DETERMINED BY SUCH FEDERAL OR DELAWARE STATE COURT. THE PARTIES HEREBY CONSENT TO AND GRANT ANY SUCH COURT JURISDICTION OVER THE PERSON OF SUCH PARTIES AND OVER THE SUBJECT MATTER OF SUCH DISPUTE AND AGREE THAT MAILING OF PROCESS OR OTHER PAPERS IN CONNECTION WITH SUCH ACTION, SUIT OR PROCEEDING IN THE MANNER PROVIDED IN SECTION 8(l) OR IN SUCH OTHER MANNER AS MAY BE PERMITTED BY LAW SHALL BE VALID AND SUFFICIENT SERVICE THEREOF.
EACH PARTY ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT ANY CONTROVERSY WHICH MAY ARISE UNDER THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY IS LIKELY TO INVOLVE COMPLICATED AND DIFFICULT ISSUES, AND THEREFORE EACH SUCH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT SUCH PARTY MAY
HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LITIGATION DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED BY THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT. EACH PARTY CERTIFIES AND ACKNOWLEDGES THAT (I) NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER; (II) SUCH PARTY UNDERSTANDS AND HAS CONSIDERED THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE FOREGOING WAIVER; (III) SUCH PARTY MAKES THE FOREGOING WAIVER VOLUNTARILY AND (IV) SUCH PARTY HAS BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVER AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION 8(n).
(o)Tamboran shall, (i) by 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on the trading day immediately following the date of this Subscription Agreement, issue a press release or file a Current Report on Form 8-K disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby and (ii) file a Current Report on Form 8-K, including a form of this Subscription Agreement as an exhibit thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the Exchange Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as may otherwise be agreed with the Subscriber, without such Subscriber’s prior written consent (email being sufficient), Tamboran shall not identify such Subscriber or respective affiliates by name or by identifiable description in any issuance of a press release, on its website, in any marketing materials or investor presentations, on social media channels, or in any SEC Reports (unless required by the rules and regulations of the SEC). From and after the issuance of such press release, Tamboran represents to the Subscriber that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to such Subscriber by Tamboran or any of its subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Tamboran understands and confirms that the Subscriber shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of Tamboran.
[Signature Pages Immediately Follow]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of Tamboran and Subscriber has executed or caused this Subscription Agreement to be executed by its duly authorized representative as of the date set forth below.
TAMBORAN RESOURCES CORPORATION
By:
Name: Eric Dyer
Title: Chief Financial Officer
Date: October 24, 2025
Signature Page to Subscription Agreement
| | |
| SUBSCRIBER: |
|
|
| Signature of Subscriber: |
|
By:___________________________________ Name: Title: |
|
Date: , 2025 |
| | |
___________________________________ Name in which securities are to be registered (if different) |
|
| Email Address: _______________________ |
Subscriber’s EIN: |
| Business Address-Street: |
|
| ___________________________________ |
|
___________________________________ City, State, Zip: |
| Attn: |
|
| Telephone No.: ______________________ |
|
| Facsimile No.: _______________________ |
|
| Aggregate Number of Acquired Shares subscribed for: |
| _______________________________ |
|
Aggregate Purchase Price: $ [●] |
|
You must pay the Purchase Price by wire transfer of United States dollars in immediately available funds to the account specified by Tamboran in the Closing Notice.
Signature Page to Subscription Agreement
SCHEDULE A
ELIGIBILITY REPRESENTATIONS OF SUBSCRIBER
| | | | | | | | |
| A. | QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER STATUS (Please check the applicable subparagraphs): |
| 1 | ☐ We are a “qualified institutional buyer” (as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act (a “QIB”)). |
| 2 | ☐ We are subscribing for the Acquired Shares as a fiduciary or agent for one or more investor accounts, and each owner of such account is a QIB. |
*** OR ***
| | | | | | | | |
| B. | ACCREDITED INVESTOR STATUS (Please check the applicable subparagraphs): |
| 1 | ☐ We are an “accredited investor” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act) or an entity in which all of the equity holders are accredited investors within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act and have marked and initialed the appropriate box on the following page indicating the provision under which we qualify as an “accredited investor.” |
| 2 | ☐ We are not a natural person. |
*** AND ***
| | | | | | | | |
| C. | AFFILIATE STATUS (Please check the applicable box) |
| SUBSCRIBER: |
| ☐ | is: |
| ☐ | is not: |
an “affiliate” (as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act) of Tamboran acting on behalf of an affiliate of Tamboran.
This page should be completed by Subscriber
and constitutes a part of the Subscription Agreement.
Rule 501(a), in relevant part, states that an “accredited investor” shall mean any person who comes within any of the below listed categories, or who the issuer reasonably believes comes within any of the below listed categories, at the time of the sale of the securities to that person. Subscriber has indicated, by marking and initialing the appropriate box below, the provision(s) below which apply to Subscriber and under which Subscriber accordingly qualifies as an “accredited investor.”
ENTITY
☐ Any bank as defined in section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act, or any savings and loan association or other institution as defined in section 3(a)(5)(A) of the Securities Act whether acting in its individual or fiduciary capacity;
☐ Any broker or dealer registered pursuant to section 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;
☐ Any insurance company as defined in section 2(a)(13) of the Securities Act;
☐ Any investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 or a business development company as defined in section 2(a)(48) of that Act;
☐ Any Small Business Investment Company licensed by the U.S. Small Business Administration under section 301(c) or (d) of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958;
☐ Any plan established and maintained by a state, its political subdivisions, or any agency or instrumentality of a state or its political subdivisions, for the benefit of its employees, if such plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000;
☐ Any employee benefit plan within the meaning of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 if the investment decision is made by a plan fiduciary, as defined in section 3(21) of such act, which is either a bank, savings and loan association, insurance company, or registered investment adviser, or if the employee benefit plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000 or, if a self-directed plan, with investment decisions made solely by persons that are accredited investors;
☐ Any private business development company as defined in section 202(a)(22) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940;
☐ Any organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, corporation, Massachusetts or similar business trust, or partnership, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, with total assets in excess of $5,000,000; or
☐ Any trust, with total assets in excess of $5,000,000, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, whose purchase is directed by a sophisticated person as described in § 230.506(b)(2)(ii).
☐ Any “family office,” as defined in rule 202(a)(11)(G)-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940: (i) with assets under management in excess of $5,000,000, (ii) that is not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, and (iii) whose prospective investment is directed by a person who has such knowledge and experience in
financial and business matters that such family office is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment;
☐ Any “family client,” as defined in rule 202(a)(11)(G)-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, of a family office meeting the requirements described above and whose prospective investment in the issuer is directed by such family office pursuant to clause (iii) of the above; or
☐ Any entity in which all of the equity owners are accredited investors meeting one or more of the above and below tests.
This page should be completed by Subscriber
and constitutes a part of the Subscription Agreement.
INDIVIDUAL
☐ Any director, executive officer, or general partner of the issuer of the securities being offered or sold, or any director, executive officer, or general partner of a general partner of that issuer.
☐ Any natural person whose individual net worth, or joint net worth with that person’s spouse, at the time of his or her purchase exceeds $1,000,000. For purposes of calculating a natural person’s net worth: (a) the person’s primary residence must not be included as an asset; (b) indebtedness secured by the person’s primary residence up to the estimated fair market value of the primary residence must not be included as a liability (except that if the amount of such indebtedness outstanding at the time of calculation exceeds the amount outstanding 60 days before such time, other than as a result of the acquisition of the primary residence, the amount of such excess must be included as a liability); and (c) indebtedness that is secured by the person’s primary residence in excess of the estimated fair market value of the residence must be included as a liability;
☐ Any natural person who had an individual income in excess of $200,000 in each of the two most recent years or joint income with that person’s spouse in excess of $300,000 in each of those years and has a reasonable expectation of reaching the same income level in the current year;
This page should be completed by Subscriber
and constitutes a part of the Subscription Agreement.
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT
This SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT (this “Subscription Agreement”) is entered into on October 24, 2025, by and between Tamboran Resources Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Tamboran”), and the subscriber party set forth on the signature page hereto (“Subscriber”).
WHEREAS, Subscriber desires to subscribe for and to purchase from Tamboran that number of shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “Common Stock”) set forth on the signature page hereto (the “Acquired Shares”) for a purchase price of $21.00 per share and an aggregate purchase price set forth on the signature page hereto (the “Purchase Price”), and Tamboran desires to issue and sell to the Subscriber the Acquired Shares in consideration of the payment of the Purchase Price by or on behalf of Subscriber to Tamboran;
WHEREAS, Tamboran may enter into separate subscription agreements (the “Other Subscription Agreements”) with certain other “qualified institutional buyers” and/or “accredited investors” (such persons, collectively, the “Other PIPE Investors”) on substantially the same terms as those set forth in this Subscription Agreement, pursuant to which such investors will subscribe for and agree to purchase shares of Common Stock at the same price per share; and
WHEREAS, the Subscription (as defined below) requires the approval of the shareholders of Tamboran for the purposes of complying with the rules and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) and the Australian Securities Exchange to issue and sell to the Subscriber the Acquired Shares (“Shareholder Approval”).
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual representations, warranties and covenants, and subject to the conditions, herein contained, and intending to be legally bound hereby, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:
1.Subscription. Subject to the terms and conditions hereof, Subscriber hereby agrees to subscribe for and purchase, and Tamboran hereby agrees to issue and sell to Subscriber, the Acquired Shares on the Closing Date (as defined below) in consideration for the payment of the Purchase Price to Tamboran or its designee (such subscription and issuance, the “Subscription”).
2.Closing.
(a)Subject to the satisfaction of the conditions set forth herein, the closing of the Subscription contemplated hereby (the “Closing”) shall take place on the third business day following receipt of Shareholder Approval (the “Closing Date”). Not less than three (3) business days prior to the scheduled Closing Date, Tamboran shall provide written notice to Subscriber (the “Closing Notice”) of (i) such Closing Date and (ii) the wire instructions for delivery of the Purchase Price. On the Closing Date, Tamboran shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to Subscriber (A) the Acquired Shares in book entry form, free and clear of any liens or other restrictions whatsoever (other than those arising under state or federal securities laws), in the name of Subscriber (or its nominee in accordance with its delivery instructions) or to a custodian designated by Subscriber, as applicable, and (B) a copy of the records of Tamboran showing Subscriber as the owner of the Acquired Shares on and as of the Closing Date. On the Closing Date, Subscriber shall deliver to Tamboran the Purchase Price for the Acquired Shares by wire
transfer of U.S. dollars in immediately available funds to the account specified by Tamboran in the Closing Notice (if such funds are delivered before the Closing Date, such funds to be held in escrow until the Closing Date). Prior to the Closing Date, Subscriber shall deliver to Tamboran (1) such information as is reasonably requested in the Closing Notice in order for Tamboran to cause the Acquired Shares to be issued and delivered to Subscriber and (2) a duly completed and executed Internal Revenue Service Form W-9 or appropriate Internal Revenue Service Form W-8.
(b) The Closing Date shall be subject to the satisfaction (or waiver (to the extent legally permissible) in writing by the party having the benefit of the applicable condition) of the conditions that, on the Closing Date:
(i)solely with respect to Tamboran, the representations and warranties made by Subscriber in this Subscription Agreement shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the Closing Date, other than (x) representations and warranties expressly made as of an earlier date, which shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such date, and (y) representations and warranties that are qualified as to materiality, which representations and warranties shall be true in all respects;
(ii)solely with respect to Subscriber, the representations and warranties made by Tamboran in this Subscription Agreement (other than the representations and warranties set forth in Section 3(b), Section 3(d) and Section 3(h)) shall be true and correct in all material respects as of the Closing Date, other than (x) those representations and warranties expressly made as of an earlier date, which shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such date, and (y) representations and warranties that are qualified as to materiality, which representations and warranties shall be true in all respects, and (i) the representations and warranties made by Tamboran set forth in Section 3(b) and Section 3(d) shall be true and correct in all respects and (ii) other than de minimis changes with respect to shares of Common Stock subject to issuance upon exercise of outstanding warrants and/or underlying equity incentive awards and the vesting of such awards, the representations and warranties made by Tamboran set forth in Section 3(h) shall be true and correct in all respects, each as of the Closing Date;
(iii)solely with respect to Subscriber, Tamboran shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Subscription Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by it at or prior to the Closing Date;
(iv)solely with respect to Tamboran, Subscriber shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with all covenants, agreements and conditions required by this Subscription Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by it at or prior to the Closing Date;
(v)there shall not be any law or order of any governmental authority having jurisdiction restraining, enjoining or otherwise prohibiting or making illegal the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Subscription Agreement;
(vi)no suspension of the qualification of the shares of Common Stock listed on the NYSE for any offering or sale or trading in any jurisdiction, or initiation or threatening of any proceedings for any such purposes, shall have occurred;
(vii)there shall have been no Tamboran Material Adverse Effect with respect to Tamboran since the date hereof;
(viii)Tamboran shall have delivered to Subscriber a duly executed and delivered certificate of Tamboran’s chief executive officer or chief financial officer, dated as of the Closing Date, certifying as to the fulfillment of the conditions specified in Sections 2(b)(ii), (iii), (v) (with respect to Tamboran), (vi), (vii) and (ix); and
(ix)Tamboran shall have filed with the NYSE a supplemental listing application covering the Acquired Shares (the “SLAP”) and no objection shall have been raised by the NYSE with respect to the SLAP or the issuance of the Acquired Shares.
(c)At the Closing, the parties hereto shall execute and deliver such additional documents and take such additional actions as the parties reasonably may deem to be practical and necessary in order to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Subscription Agreement.
3.Representations and Warranties of Tamboran. Tamboran represents and warrants to Subscriber that:
(a)Tamboran has been duly formed and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware, with entity power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and conduct its business as presently conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted as described in the SEC Reports and to enter into, deliver and perform its obligations under this Subscription Agreement.
(b)As of the Closing, the Acquired Shares shall have been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered to Subscriber against full payment for the Acquired Shares in accordance with the terms of this Subscription Agreement, the Acquired Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of any liens or other restrictions whatsoever (other than those arising under state or federal securities laws) and will not have been issued in violation of or subject to any preemptive or similar rights.
(c)There are no securities or instruments issued by or to which Tamboran is a party containing anti-dilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by the issuance of (i) the Acquired Shares or (ii) the Common Stock issued or to be issued pursuant to the Other Subscription Agreements, as applicable.
(d)This Subscription Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by Tamboran and is enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited or otherwise affected by (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium or other laws relating to or affecting the rights of creditors generally, and (ii) principles of equity, whether considered at law or equity.
(e)The execution, delivery and performance of this Subscription Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, do not and will not conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any of the properties or assets of Tamboran pursuant to the terms of (i) any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, lease, license or other agreement or instrument to which Tamboran is a party or by which Tamboran is bound or to which any of the property or assets of Tamboran is subject; (ii) the organizational documents of Tamboran; or (iii) any statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over Tamboran or any of its properties that, in the case of clauses (i) and (iii), would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on the business, properties, assets, liabilities, operations, condition (including financial condition) or results of operations of Tamboran or materially and adversely affect the validity of
the Acquired Shares or the legal authority or ability of Tamboran to perform in any material respects its obligations hereunder (a “Tamboran Material Adverse Effect”).
(f)Tamboran is not in default or violation (and no event has occurred which, with notice or the lapse of time or both, would constitute a default or violation) of any term, condition or provision of (i) the organizational documents of Tamboran, (ii) any loan or credit agreement, note, bond, mortgage, indenture, lease or other agreement, permit, franchise or license to which, as of the date of this Subscription Agreement, Tamboran is a party or by which Tamboran’s properties or assets are bound or (iii) any law, statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over Tamboran or any of its properties, except, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii), for defaults or violations that have not had and would not be reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Tamboran Material Adverse Effect.
(g)Assuming the accuracy of Subscriber’s representations and warranties set forth in Section 4, Tamboran, in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by Tamboran of this Subscription Agreement (including, without limitation, the issuance of the Acquired Shares), is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority, self-regulatory organization or other person, other than (i) filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), (ii) filings required by applicable state securities laws, (iii) those required by the NYSE, and (iv) any required stockholder approvals.
(h)Tamboran is authorized to issue two classes of stock: Common Stock and preferred stock having a par value of $0.0001 per share (“Tamboran Preferred Stock”). The total number of shares of capital stock that Tamboran has authority to issue is 11,000,000,000 shares, of which the total number of shares of Common Stock that Tamboran is authorized to issue is 10,000,000,000 shares and the total number of shares of Tamboran Preferred Stock that Tamboran is authorized to issue is 1,000,000,000. As of the date hereof, and prior to the issuance of Common Stock in connection with Tamboran’s concurrent public equity offering, (i) 17,820,758 shares of Common Stock are issued and outstanding, all of which are validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and not subject to any preemptive rights, (ii) no shares of Common Stock are subject to issuance upon exercise of outstanding warrants, (iii) up to 1,822,506 shares of Common Stock are subject to issuance subject to the vesting conditions of equity incentive awards and (iv) no shares of Tamboran Preferred Stock are issued and outstanding, and there are no agreements or contracts that require the issuance of any Tamboran Preferred Stock.
(i)As of their respective filing dates, all reports required to be filed by Tamboran with the SEC since June 26, 2024 (the “SEC Reports”) complied in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder. None of the SEC Reports, when filed or, if amended, as of the date of such amendment with respect to those disclosures that are amended, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The financial statements of Tamboran included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of Tamboran as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited financial statements, to normal, year-end audit adjustments. A copy of each SEC Report is available to the Subscriber via the SEC’s EDGAR system. There are no material outstanding or unresolved comments in comment letters received by Tamboran (or any affiliate
or subsidiary thereof) from the staff of the Division of Corporation Finance of the SEC with respect to any of the SEC Reports.
(j)Other than as disclosed in the SEC Reports, Tamboran has established and maintains systems of internal accounting controls that are designed to provide, in all material respects, reasonable assurance that (i) all transactions are executed in accordance with management’s authorization and (ii) all transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of proper and accurate financial statements in accordance with GAAP and to maintain accountability for Tamboran’s assets. Tamboran maintains, and has maintained, books and records in the ordinary course of business that are accurate and complete and properly reflect the revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities of Tamboran in all material respects.
(k)Since the date of the balance sheet included in Tamboran’s Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2025, there has been (i) no Tamboran Material Adverse Effect, (ii) no transaction which is material to Tamboran and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iii) no obligation or liability, direct or contingent (including any off-balance sheet obligations), incurred by Tamboran or its subsidiaries, which is material to Tamboran and its subsidiaries taken as a whole, (iv) no change in the capital stock or outstanding indebtedness of Tamboran and its subsidiaries, other than as described in the SEC Reports and Section 3(h) of this Subscription Agreement and (v) no dividend or distribution of any kind declared, paid or made on the capital stock of Tamboran or any of its subsidiaries.
(l)Tamboran and each of its subsidiaries maintain insurance covering their respective properties, operations, personnel and businesses as Tamboran reasonably deems adequate; such insurance insures against such losses and risks in accordance with customary industry practice to protect Tamboran and its subsidiaries and their respective businesses and which is commercially reasonably for the current conduct of their respective businesses; to Tamboran’s Knowledge, all such insurance is fully in force on the date hereof and is expected to be fully in force at each time of purchase, if any; neither Tamboran nor any subsidiary has reason to believe that it will not be able to (i) renew any such insurance as and when such insurance expires or (ii) obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted at a cost that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in any Tamboran Material Adverse Effect. “Tamboran’s Knowledge” with respect to any statement means the actual knowledge, or knowledge that would have been acquired after reasonable inquiry, of the executive officers or directors of Tamboran.
(m)Assuming the accuracy of Subscriber’s representations and warranties set forth in Section 4, no registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) is required for the offer and sale of the Acquired Shares by Tamboran to Subscriber.
(n)Neither Tamboran nor any person acting on its behalf has engaged or will engage in any form of general solicitation or general advertising within the meaning of applicable securities laws in connection with any offer or sale of the Acquired Shares.
(o)None of Tamboran, any of its subsidiaries nor any person acting on their behalf has taken or will take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that is likely to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of Tamboran to facilitate the sale or resale of the Acquired Shares or otherwise, and has taken no action which could reasonably be expected to directly or indirectly violate Regulation M under the Exchange Act.
(p)Except for such matters as have not had and would not be reasonably likely to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Tamboran Material Adverse Effect, there is no
proceeding pending, or, to Tamboran’s Knowledge, threatened against Tamboran or any judgment, decree, injunction, ruling or order of any governmental entity or arbitrator outstanding against Tamboran.
(q)Tamboran has not paid, and is not obligated to pay, any brokerage, finder’s or other fee or commission in connection with its issuance and sale of the Acquired Shares, including, for the avoidance of doubt, any fee or commission payable to any equityholder or affiliate of Tamboran.
(r)None of Tamboran, its subsidiaries, any person acting on its behalf nor, to Tamboran’s Knowledge, any of its affiliates has, directly or indirectly, at any time within the applicable period set forth in Rule 152 promulgated under the Securities Act, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security under circumstances that would (i) eliminate the availability of the exemption from registration under the Securities Act in connection with the sale by Tamboran of the Acquired Shares as contemplated hereby or (ii) cause the sale of the Acquired Shares pursuant to this Subscription Agreement to be integrated with prior offerings by Tamboran for purposes of any applicable law, regulation or stockholder approval provisions, including, without limitation, under the rules and regulations of any exchange on which any of the securities of Tamboran are listed or designated.
(s)Other than the Subscribers and the parties to the Sheffield RRA (as defined below), no person has any right to cause Tamboran to effect the registration under the Securities Act of the offer and sale of any securities of Tamboran other than (i) those offers and sales which are currently registered on an effective registration statement on file with the SEC and (ii) such rights as have been temporarily waived.
(t)The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and Tamboran has taken no action designed to terminate the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act, nor has Tamboran received any notification that the SEC or the NYSE is contemplating terminating such registration or listing. Tamboran is, and immediately following the Closing will be, in compliance with all applicable listing requirements of the NYSE.
(u)Neither Tamboran nor any of its subsidiaries has taken any steps to seek protection pursuant to any law or statute relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, receivership, liquidation or winding up, nor does Tamboran or any subsidiary have any knowledge or reason to believe that any of their respective creditors intend to initiate involuntary bankruptcy proceedings or any actual knowledge of any fact which would reasonably lead a creditor to do so. Tamboran and its subsidiaries, individually and on a consolidated basis, are not as of the date hereof, and after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby to occur at the Closing, will not be Insolvent (as defined below). For purposes hereof, “Insolvent” means, with respect to any person, (i) the present fair saleable value of such person’s assets is less than the amount required to pay such person’s total indebtedness, (ii) such person is unable to pay its debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and liabilities become absolute and matured, (iii) such person intends to incur or believes that it will incur debts that would be beyond its ability to pay as such debts mature or (iv) such person has unreasonably small capital with which to conduct the business in which it is engaged as such business is now conducted and is proposed to be conducted.
(v)Neither Tamboran nor any subsidiary nor, to Tamboran’s Knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of Tamboran or any subsidiary is currently the target of or otherwise subject to any restrictions under, any sanctions administered or enforced by the United States, including without limitation, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Treasury Department (“OFAC”) or the U.S. Department of State; the United Nations Security
Council; Canada; the European Union; the United Kingdom; or other government authority with jurisdiction over the parties (collectively, “Sanctions”). None of Tamboran or any of its subsidiaries, affiliates, or agents is located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or target of country or territory-wide Sanctions, including, without limitation, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea or Syria (each, a “Sanctioned Country”). Tamboran and its subsidiaries, affiliates, or agents will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds from the Acquired Shares, or lend, or knowingly contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds: (i) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any person that is the target of, or otherwise subject to restrictions under, any Sanctions; (ii) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business in any Sanctioned Country; or (iii) in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, initial purchaser, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions. In the past five years, none of Tamboran nor any of its subsidiaries, affiliates, or agents have engaged in or are now engaged in any dealings or transactions: (i) with, or involving the interests or property of, any person that, at the time of the dealing or transaction, was or is subject to restrictions imposed by any Sanctions or located, organized or resident in a Sanctioned Country; or (ii) that are otherwise prohibited by Sanctions.
(w)The operations of Tamboran and its subsidiaries are in compliance with applicable financial record-keeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, applicable money laundering and anti-terrorism financing statutes and applicable rules and regulations thereunder (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”), and no action or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving Tamboran or any subsidiary with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to Tamboran’s Knowledge or the knowledge of any subsidiary, threatened or being investigated.
(x)Tamboran has not received any written communication from a governmental entity that alleges that Tamboran is not in compliance with or is in default or violation of any applicable law, except where such non-compliance, default or violation would not, individually or in the aggregate, be reasonably likely to have a Material Adverse Effect.
4.Subscriber Representations and Warranties. Subscriber represents and warrants that:
(a)Subscriber has been duly formed or incorporated in and is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of incorporation or formation, with power and authority (or in the case of an individual, the legal capacity) to enter into, deliver and perform its obligations under this Subscription Agreement.
(b)This Subscription Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by Subscriber and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery of the same by Tamboran, is enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited or otherwise affected by (i) bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent conveyance, reorganization, moratorium or other laws relating to or affecting the rights of creditors generally, and (ii) principles of equity, whether considered at law or equity.
(c)The execution, delivery and performance by Subscriber of this Subscription Agreement, including the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, will not conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any of the property or assets of Subscriber pursuant to the terms of (i) any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement, lease, license or other agreement or instrument to which Subscriber is a party or by which Subscriber is bound or to which any of the property or assets of Subscriber is subject; (ii) the organizational documents of Subscriber; or
(iii) any statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or governmental agency or body, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over Subscriber or any of its properties that, in the case of clauses (i) and (iii), would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the legal authority or ability of the Subscriber to perform in any material respects its obligations hereunder.
(d)Subscriber (i) is a “qualified institutional buyer” (as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act) or an “accredited investor” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act) satisfying the applicable requirements set forth on Schedule A, (ii) is acquiring the Acquired Shares only for its own account and not for the account of others, or if Subscriber is subscribing for the Acquired Shares as a fiduciary or agent for one or more investor accounts, each owner of such account is a “qualified institutional buyer” (as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act) or an “accredited investor” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act) and Subscriber has full investment discretion with respect to each such account, and the full power and authority to make the acknowledgements, representations and agreements herein on behalf of each owner of each such account, and (iii) is not acquiring the Acquired Shares with a view to, or for offer or sale in connection with, any distribution thereof in violation of the Securities Act (and shall provide the requested information on either (a) Schedule A following the signature page hereto or (b) on such other form agreed among the Subscriber and Tamboran). Subscriber is not an entity formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the Acquired Shares, unless such newly formed entity is an entity in which all of the equity owners are “accredited investors” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act).
(e)Subscriber understands that the Acquired Shares are being offered and sold pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act under Section 4(a)(2) thereof in a transaction not involving any public offering within the meaning of the Securities Act and that the Acquired Shares have not been registered under the Securities Act. Subscriber understands that the Acquired Shares may not be resold, transferred, pledged or otherwise disposed of by Subscriber absent an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, except (i) to Tamboran or a subsidiary thereof, (ii) to non-U.S. persons pursuant to offers and sales that occur outside the United States within the meaning of Regulation S under the Securities Act, (iii) pursuant to Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act provided that all of the applicable conditions thereof have been met or (iv) pursuant to another applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, and, in each of cases (i), (iii) and (iv), in accordance with any applicable securities laws of the states and other jurisdictions of the United States, and that any certificates or book entries representing the Acquired Shares shall contain a legend to such effect. Subscriber acknowledges that the Acquired Shares will not be eligible for resale pursuant to Rule 144A promulgated under the Securities Act. Subscriber understands that it has been advised to consult legal counsel prior to making any offer, resale, pledge or transfer of any of the Acquired Shares.
(f)Subscriber understands and agrees that Subscriber is purchasing the Acquired Shares directly from Tamboran. Subscriber acknowledges that there have been no representations, warranties, covenants and agreements made to Subscriber by Tamboran or any of its officers, managers or representatives, expressly or by implication, other than those representations, warranties, covenants and agreements included in this Subscription Agreement. Subscriber further acknowledges and agrees that Tamboran has not made and is not making in this Subscription Agreement any representation or warranty as to the U.S. federal, state or local or non-U.S. tax consequences to such Subscriber as a result of such Subscriber’s purchase of the Acquired Shares.
(g)Subscriber represents and warrants that its acquisition and holding of the Acquired Shares will not constitute or result in a non-exempt prohibited transaction under
Section 406 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), or any applicable similar law.
(h)In making its decision to purchase the Acquired Shares, Subscriber represents that it has relied solely upon independent investigation made by Subscriber. Subscriber acknowledges and agrees that Subscriber has received such information as Subscriber deems necessary in order to make an investment decision with respect to the Acquired Shares. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Subscriber acknowledges that it has access to the SEC Reports. Subscriber represents and agrees that Subscriber and Subscriber’s professional advisor(s), if any, have had the full opportunity to ask such questions, receive such answers and obtain such information as Subscriber and such Subscriber’s professional advisor(s), if any, have deemed necessary to make an investment decision with respect to the Acquired Shares. Subscriber further acknowledges that there have been no, and in purchasing the Acquired Shares, Subscriber is not relying on any representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made to Subscriber by any person or entity, expressly or by implication.
(i)Subscriber became aware of this offering of the Acquired Shares solely by means of direct contact between Subscriber and Tamboran. Subscriber did not become aware of this offering of the Acquired Shares, nor were the Acquired Shares offered to Subscriber, by any other means.
(j)Subscriber acknowledges that it is aware that there are substantial risks incident to the purchase and ownership of the Acquired Shares, including those set forth in the SEC Reports. Subscriber has such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of an investment in the Acquired Shares, and Subscriber has sought such accounting, legal and tax advice as Subscriber has considered necessary to make an informed investment decision. Subscriber further acknowledges and agrees that Tamboran has not made and is not making in this Subscription Agreement any representation or warranty as to the U.S. federal, state or local or non-U.S. tax consequences to such Subscriber as a result of such Subscriber’s purchase of the Acquired Shares.
(k)Subscriber has adequately analyzed and fully considered the risks of an investment in the Acquired Shares and determined that the Acquired Shares are a suitable investment for Subscriber, and Subscriber is able at this time and in the foreseeable future to bear the economic risk of a total loss of Subscriber’s investment in Tamboran. Subscriber acknowledges specifically that a possibility of total loss exists.
(l)Subscriber understands and agrees that no federal or state agency has passed upon or endorsed the merits of the offering of the Acquired Shares or made any findings or determination as to the fairness of this investment.
(m)Subscriber is not (i) a person or entity named on the List of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons, the Executive Order 13599 List, the Foreign Sanctions Evaders List, or the Sectoral Sanctions Identification List, each of which is administered by the OFAC, or any other Executive Order issued by the President of the United States and administered by OFAC (collectively “OFAC Lists”), (ii) owned or controlled by, or acting on behalf of, a person, that is named on an OFAC List; (iii) organized, incorporated, established, located, resident or born in, or a citizen, national, or the government, including any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, of, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Syria, the Crimea region of Ukraine, the so-called Donetsk People’s Republic, the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic, or any other country or territory embargoed or subject to comprehensive sanctions by the United States, (iv) a Designated National as defined in the Cuban Assets Control Regulations, 31 C.F.R. Part 515, or (v) a non-U.S. shell bank or providing banking services
indirectly to a non-U.S. shell bank. Subscriber represents that if it is a financial institution subject to the Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C. section 5311 et seq.) (the “BSA”), as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (the “PATRIOT Act”), and its implementing regulations (collectively, the “BSA/PATRIOT Act”), that Subscriber maintains policies and procedures reasonably designed to comply with applicable obligations under the BSA/PATRIOT Act. Subscriber also represents that, to the extent required, it maintains policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure compliance with OFAC-administered sanctions programs, including for the screening of its investors against the OFAC Lists. Subscriber further represents and warrants that, to the extent required, it maintains policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that the funds held by Subscriber and used to purchase the Acquired Shares were legally derived.
(n)If Subscriber is an employee benefit plan that is subject to Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), a plan, an individual retirement account or other arrangement that is subject to section 4975 of the Code or an employee benefit plan that is a governmental plan (as defined in section 3(32) of ERISA), a church plan (as defined in section 3(33) of ERISA), a non-U.S. plan (as described in section 4(b)(4) of ERISA) or other plan that is not subject to the foregoing but may be subject to provisions under any other federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other laws or regulations that are similar to such provisions of ERISA or the Code, or an entity whose underlying assets are considered to include “plan assets” of any such plan, account or arrangement (each, a “Plan”) subject to the fiduciary or prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA or section 4975 of the Code, Subscriber represents and warrants that (i) neither Tamboran nor any of its affiliates (the “Transaction Parties”), has acted as the Plan’s fiduciary, or has been relied on for advice, with respect to its decision to acquire and hold the Acquired Shares, and none of the Transaction Parties shall at any time be relied upon as the Plan’s fiduciary with respect to any decision to acquire, continue to hold or transfer the Acquired Shares; (ii) the decision to invest in the Acquired Shares has been made at the recommendation or direction of an “independent fiduciary” within the meaning of US Code of Federal Regulations 29 C.F.R. section 2510.3 21(c), as amended from time to time (the “Fiduciary Rule”) who is (1) independent of the Transaction Parties; (2) is capable of evaluating investment risks independently, both in general and with respect to particular transactions and investment strategies (within the meaning of the Fiduciary Rule); (3) is a fiduciary (under ERISA and/or section 4975 of the Code) with respect to Subscriber’s investment in the Acquired Shares and is responsible for exercising independent judgment in evaluating the investment in the Acquired Shares; and (4) is aware of and acknowledges that none of the Transaction Parties is undertaking to provide impartial investment advice, or to give advice in a fiduciary capacity, in connection with the purchaser’s or transferee’s investment in the Acquired Shares.
(o)Subscriber has, and at the Closing will have, sufficient funds to pay the Purchase Price.
(p)Subscriber acknowledges and agrees that it is not entitled to the protections or disclosures required by Regulation Best Interest or Form CRS with respect to the Subscription.
5.Registration Rights.
(a)Tamboran agrees that it will use commercially reasonable efforts to, within thirty (30) calendar days after the Closing Date (the “Filing Date”), confidentially submit or file with the SEC (at Tamboran’s sole cost and expense) a registration statement (the “Registration Statement”) registering the resale of the Acquired Shares, and Tamboran shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to have the Registration Statement declared effective as soon as practicable after the confidential submission or filing thereof, but no later than the earlier of (i) the 60th calendar day (or 120th calendar day if the SEC notifies Tamboran that it will
“review” the Registration Statement) following the Closing Date and (ii) the tenth business day after the date Tamboran is notified (orally or in writing, whichever is earlier) by the SEC that the Registration Statement will not be “reviewed” or will not be subject to further review (such earlier date, the “Effectiveness Date”); provided, however, that Tamboran’s obligations to include Acquired Shares in the Registration Statement are subject to Tamboran’s obligations under that certain Registration Rights Agreement, dated June 28, 2024, between Tamboran, Sheffield Holdings, LP, and each of the other signatories from time to time party thereto (the “Sheffield RRA”), Subscriber furnishing in writing to Tamboran such information regarding Subscriber, the securities of Tamboran held by Subscriber and the intended method of disposition of Acquired Shares as shall be reasonably requested by Tamboran to effect the registration of Acquired Shares, and Subscriber shall execute such documents in connection with such registration as Tamboran may reasonably request that are customary of a selling stockholder in similar situations, including providing that Tamboran shall be entitled to postpone and suspend the effectiveness or use of the Registration Statement during any “blackout period” not in excess of (i) 60 days in any 90-day period and (ii) 90 days in any 12-month period, if Tamboran’s board of directors determines in good faith that such registration or offering could (i) materially interfere with a bona fide business, reorganization, acquisition or divestiture or financing transaction of Tamboran or its subsidiaries; (ii) require disclosure of material non-public information that Tamboran has a bona fide business purpose for preserving as confidential; or (iii) be reasonably likely to require premature disclosure of information, the premature disclosure of which could materially and adversely affect Tamboran. The blackout period will end upon the earlier to occur of, (i) in the case of a bona fide business, acquisition or divestiture or financing transaction, a date not later than 60 days from the date such deferral commenced, and (ii) in the case of disclosure of non-public information, the earlier to occur of (x) the filing by Tamboran of its next succeeding Annual Report on Form 10-K or Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or (y) the date upon which such information otherwise is disclosed or becomes public knowledge, or as permitted hereunder. Any failure by Tamboran to confidentially submit or file the Registration Statement by the Filing Date or to effect such Registration Statement by the Effectiveness Date shall not otherwise relieve Tamboran of its obligations to confidentially submit or file or effect the Registration Statement as set forth above in this Section 5 and shall be subject to the provisions of Section 5(d). Tamboran will provide a draft Registration Statement to Subscriber for review upon written request (including by way of email) at least four (4) calendar days in advance of confidentially submitting or filing the Registration Statement. In no event shall Subscriber be identified as an “underwriter” in such Registration Statement without the Subscriber’s prior written consent. If Form S-3 is not available for the registration of the resale of the Acquired Shares hereunder as of the Filing Date, Tamboran shall (i) register the resale of the Acquired Shares on Form S-1 and (ii) register such Acquired Shares for resale on Form S-3 promptly after the use of such form becomes available and use its commercially reasonable efforts to have such registration statement declared effective by the SEC. If such Registration Statement is initiated and the managing underwriter advises Tamboran and the holders of Acquired Shares in writing that in its opinion the number of shares of Common Stock proposed to be included in such Registration Statement, including all Acquired Shares and all other shares of Common Stock proposed to be included in such underwritten offering, exceeds the number of shares of Common Stock which can be sold in such offering and/or that the number of shares of Tamboran Common Stock proposed to be included in any such registration or takedown would adversely affect the price per share of the Common Stock to be sold in such offering, Tamboran shall include in such Registration Statement (i) first, the shares of Common Stock requested to be included therein pursuant to the Sheffield RRA and (ii) second, the shares of Common Stock requested to be included therein by holders of Acquired Shares hereunder, allocated pro rata among the Acquired Shares and such Common Stock issued to the Other PIPE Investors pursuant to the Other Subscription Agreements or in such manner as they may otherwise agree.
(b)In the case of the registration, qualification, exemption or compliance effected by Tamboran pursuant to this Subscription Agreement, Tamboran shall, upon reasonable request, inform Subscriber as to the status of such registration, qualification, exemption and compliance. At its expense Tamboran shall:
(i)except for such times as Tamboran is permitted hereunder to suspend the use of the prospectus forming part of a Registration Statement, use its commercially reasonable efforts to keep such registration, and any qualification, exemption or compliance under state securities laws which Tamboran determines to obtain, continuously effective with respect to Subscriber, and to keep the applicable Registration Statement or any subsequent shelf registration statement free of any material misstatements or omissions, until the earliest of the following: (i) Subscriber ceases to hold any Acquired Shares, (ii) the date all Acquired Shares held by Subscriber may be sold without restriction under Rule 144, including without limitation, any volume and manner of sale restrictions which may be applicable to affiliates under Rule 144 and without the requirement for Tamboran to be in compliance with the current public information required under Rule 144(c)(1) (or Rule 144(i)(2), if applicable), and (iii) three years from the Effectiveness Date. The period of time during which Tamboran is required hereunder to keep a Registration Statement effective is referred to herein as the “Registration Period”;
(ii)advise Subscriber within two (2) business days:
(1)when a Registration Statement or any amendment thereto has been filed with the SEC and when such Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto has become effective;
(2)of any request by the SEC for amendments or supplements to any Registration Statement or the prospectus included therein or for additional information;
(3)of the issuance by the SEC of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of any Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for such purpose;
(4)of the receipt by Tamboran of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification of the Acquired Shares included therein for sale in any jurisdiction; and
(5)subject to the provisions in this Subscription Agreement, of the occurrence of any event that requires the making of any changes in any Registration Statement or prospectus so that, as of such date, the statements therein are not misleading and do not omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of a prospectus, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, Tamboran shall not, when so advising Subscriber of such events, provide Subscriber with any material, nonpublic information regarding Tamboran other than to the extent that providing notice to Subscriber of the occurrence of the events listed in (1) through (5) above constitutes material, nonpublic information regarding Tamboran;
(iii)use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain the withdrawal of any order suspending the effectiveness of any Registration Statement as soon as reasonably practicable;
(iv)upon the occurrence of any event contemplated above, except for such times as Tamboran is permitted hereunder to suspend, and has suspended, the use of a prospectus forming part of a Registration Statement, Tamboran shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to as soon as reasonably practicable prepare a post-effective amendment to such Registration Statement or a supplement to the related prospectus, or file any other required document so that, as thereafter delivered to purchasers of Acquired Shares included therein, such prospectus will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;
(v)use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause all Acquired Shares to be listed on each securities exchange or market, if any, on which Tamboran Common Stock issued by Tamboran has been listed;
(vi)use its commercially reasonable efforts to take all other steps necessary to effect the registration of the Acquired Shares contemplated hereby and to enable Subscriber to sell Tamboran Common Stock under Rule 144; and
(vii)subject to receipt from Subscriber by Tamboran and its transfer agent of customary representations and other documentation reasonably acceptable to Tamboran and the transfer agent in connection therewith, including, if required by the transfer agent, an opinion of Tamboran’s counsel, in a form reasonably acceptable to the transfer agent, to the effect that the removal of such restrictive legends in such circumstances may be effected under the Securities Act, upon Subscriber’s request, Tamboran will (following receipt of such customary representations and other documentation reasonably acceptable to Tamboran) reasonably cooperate with Tamboran’s transfer agent, such that any remaining restrictive legend set forth on such Acquired Shares will be removed from the book entry position evidencing its Acquired Shares following the earliest of such time as such Acquired Shares hereunder are either eligible to be sold (i) pursuant to an effective registration statement or (ii) without restriction under, and without the requirement for Tamboran to be in compliance with the current public information requirements of, Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Tamboran shall be responsible for the fees of its transfer agent, its legal counsel and all Depository Trust Company fees associated with such issuance.
(c)Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Subscription Agreement, Tamboran shall be entitled to delay or postpone the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, and from time to time to require Subscriber not to sell under the Registration Statement or to suspend the effectiveness thereof, if it determines, upon the advice of outside legal counsel that the negotiation or consummation of a transaction by Tamboran or its subsidiaries is pending or an event has occurred, which negotiation, consummation or event, Tamboran’s board of directors reasonably believes, upon the advice of legal counsel, would require additional disclosure by Tamboran in the Registration Statement of material information that Tamboran has a bona fide business purpose for keeping confidential and the non-disclosure of which in the Registration Statement would be expected, in the reasonable determination of Tamboran’s board of directors, upon the advice of legal counsel, to cause the Registration Statement to fail to comply with applicable disclosure requirements (each such circumstance, a “Suspension Event”); provided, however, that Tamboran may not delay or suspend the Registration Statement on more than two occasions or for more than sixty (60) consecutive calendar days, or more than one hundred and twenty (120) total calendar days, in each case during any twelve-month period. Upon receipt of any written notice from Tamboran of the happening of any Suspension Event during the period that the Registration Statement is effective or if as a result of a Suspension Event the Registration Statement or related prospectus contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made (in the case of the prospectus) not
misleading, Subscriber agrees that (i) it will immediately discontinue offers and sales of the Acquired Shares under the Registration Statement (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, sales conducted pursuant to Rule 144) until Subscriber receives copies of a supplemental or amended prospectus (which Tamboran agrees to promptly prepare) that corrects the misstatement(s) or omission(s) referred to above and receives notice that any post-effective amendment has become effective or unless otherwise notified by Tamboran that it may resume such offers and sales, and (ii) it will maintain the confidentiality of any information included in such written notice delivered by Tamboran unless otherwise required by law or subpoena. If so directed by Tamboran, Subscriber will deliver to Tamboran or, in Subscriber’s sole discretion destroy, all copies of the prospectus covering Acquired Shares in Subscriber’s possession; provided, however, that this obligation to deliver or destroy all copies of the prospectus covering Acquired Shares shall not apply (i) to the extent Subscriber is required to retain a copy of such prospectus (a) in order to comply with applicable legal, regulatory, self-regulatory or professional requirements or (b) in accordance with a bona fide pre-existing document retention policy or (ii) to copies stored electronically on archival servers as a result of automatic data back-up.
(d)Indemnification.
(i)Tamboran agrees to indemnify, to the extent permitted by law, Subscriber, its directors and officers and agents and each person who controls Subscriber (within the meaning of the Securities Act) against all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses (including attorneys’ fees) caused by any untrue or alleged untrue statement of material fact contained in any Registration Statement, prospectus included in any Registration Statement (“Prospectus”) or preliminary Prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto or any omission or alleged omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, except insofar as the same are caused by or contained in any information furnished in writing to Tamboran by Subscriber expressly for use therein.
(ii)In connection with any Registration Statement in which Subscriber is participating, Subscriber shall furnish to Tamboran in writing such information and affidavits as Tamboran reasonably requests for use in connection with any such Registration Statement or Prospectus and, to the extent permitted by law, shall indemnify Tamboran, its directors and officers and agents and each person who controls Tamboran (within the meaning of the Securities Act) against any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses (including without limitation reasonable attorneys’ fees) resulting from any untrue statement of material fact contained in the Registration Statement, Prospectus or preliminary Prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto or any omission of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, but only to the extent that such untrue statement or omission is contained in any information or affidavit so furnished in writing by Subscriber expressly for use therein; provided, however, that the liability of Subscriber shall be several and not joint with any other holders of Tamboran Common Stock and shall be in proportion to and limited to the net proceeds received by Subscriber from the sale of Acquired Shares pursuant to such Registration Statement.
(iii)Any person entitled to indemnification herein shall (1) give prompt written notice to the indemnifying party of any claim with respect to which it seeks indemnification (provided that the failure to give prompt notice shall not impair any person’s right to indemnification hereunder to the extent such failure has not prejudiced the indemnifying party) and (2) unless in such indemnified party’s reasonable judgment a conflict of interest between such indemnified and indemnifying parties may exist with respect to such claim, permit such indemnifying party to assume the defense of such claim with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party. If such defense is assumed, the indemnifying party shall not be subject to any liability for any settlement made by the indemnified party without its consent (but such consent shall not be unreasonably withheld). An indemnifying party who elects not to
assume the defense of a claim shall not be obligated to pay the fees and expenses of more than one counsel for all parties indemnified by such indemnifying party with respect to such claim, unless in the reasonable judgment of any indemnified party a conflict of interest may exist between such indemnified party and any other of such indemnified parties with respect to such claim. No indemnifying party shall, without the consent of the indemnified party, consent to the entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement which cannot be settled in all respects by the payment of money (and such money is so paid by the indemnifying party pursuant to the terms of such settlement) or which settlement does not include as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such indemnified party of a release from all liability in respect to such claim or litigation.
(iv)The indemnification provided for under this Subscription Agreement shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the indemnified party or any officer, director or controlling person of such indemnified party and shall survive the transfer of securities.
(v)If the indemnification provided under this Section 5(d) from the indemnifying party is unavailable or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party in respect of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses referred to herein, then the indemnifying party, in lieu of indemnifying the indemnified party, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by the indemnified party as a result of such losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the indemnifying party and the indemnified party, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of the indemnifying party and indemnified party shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any action in question, including any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact, was made by, or relates to information supplied by, such indemnifying party or indemnified party, and the indemnifying party’s and indemnified party’s relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such action. The amount paid or payable by a party as a result of the losses or other liabilities referred to above shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth in Sections 5(d)(i), (ii) and (iii) above, any legal or other fees, charges or expenses reasonably incurred by such party in connection with any investigation or proceeding. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution pursuant to this Section 5(d) from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.
6.Termination. This Subscription Agreement shall terminate and be void and of no further force and effect, and all rights and obligations of the parties hereunder shall terminate without any further liability on the part of any party in respect thereof, upon the mutual written agreement of each of the parties hereto to terminate this Subscription Agreement; provided, that nothing herein will relieve any party from liability for any willful breach hereof prior to the time of termination, and each party will be entitled to any remedies at law or in equity to recover losses, liabilities or damages arising from such breach.
7.Covenants.
(a)Tamboran’s Covenants.
(i)Except as contemplated herein, Tamboran, its subsidiaries and their respective affiliates shall not, and shall cause any person acting on behalf of any of the foregoing to not, take any action or steps that would require registration of the issuance of any of the Acquired Shares under the Securities Act.
(ii)With a view to making available to Subscriber the benefits of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act or any other similar rule or regulation of the SEC that may at any time permit Subscriber to sell securities of Tamboran to the public without registration, Tamboran agrees, from and after the time the benefits of such rules or regulations may be available to Subscriber until the Acquired Shares are registered for resale under the Securities Act, to:
(1)make and keep public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule 144;
(2)file with the SEC in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of Tamboran under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act if Tamboran becomes, and for so long as Tamboran remains, subject to such requirements and the filing of such reports and other documents is required for the applicable provisions of Rule 144; and
(3)furnish to Subscriber so long as it owns Acquired Shares, promptly upon request, (x) an electronic statement by Tamboran, if true, that it has complied with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act as required under Rule 144, (y) an electronic copy of the most recent annual or quarterly report of Tamboran and such other reports and documents so filed by Tamboran and (z) such other information as may be reasonably requested to permit Subscriber to sell such securities pursuant to Rule 144 without registration.
(iii)The legend described in Section 4(e) relating to securities law transfer restrictions shall be removed and Tamboran shall issue a certificate without such legend to the holder of the Acquired Shares upon which it is stamped or issue to such holder by electronic delivery at the applicable balance account at The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”), if (i) such Acquired Shares are registered for resale under the Securities Act, (ii) in connection with a sale, assignment or other transfer, such holder provides Tamboran with customary representations and Tamboran provides the transfer agent an opinion of counsel to the effect that such sale, assignment or transfer of the Acquired Shares may be made without registration under the applicable requirements of the Securities Act, or (iii) the Acquired Shares can be sold, assigned or transferred pursuant to Rule 144. Tamboran shall be responsible for the fees of its transfer agent and all DTC fees associated with such issuance, including any other costs related to Tamboran’s obligations under this Section 7(a)(iii) and Section 4(e), provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, the Subscriber shall be responsible for its fees associated with such issuance, including the preparation of any documents or certificates (including outside counsel fees).
(iv)Tamboran will use commercially reasonable efforts to continue the listing and trading of Common Stock on NYSE and, in accordance therewith, will use commercially reasonable efforts to comply in all material respects with Tamboran’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of such market or exchange, as applicable.
(b)Subscriber’s Covenants.
(i)For a period of one year from the date hereof, Subscriber shall not engage in any short sales, as defined in Rule 200 of Regulation SHO under the Exchange Act, of any securities of Tamboran.
8.Miscellaneous.
(a)Each party hereto acknowledges that the other party and others will rely on the acknowledgments, understandings, agreements, representations and warranties contained in this Subscription Agreement. Prior to the Closing Date, Subscriber agrees to promptly notify
Tamboran if any of the acknowledgments, understandings, agreements, representations and warranties of Subscriber set forth herein are no longer accurate in all material respects.
(b)Tamboran and Subscriber are entitled to rely upon this Subscription Agreement and are irrevocably authorized to produce this Subscription Agreement or a copy hereof to any interested party in any administrative or legal proceeding or official inquiry with respect to the matters covered hereby and to the extent required by law or regulatory bodies.
(c)Subscriber may not assign this Subscription Agreement and any of Subscriber’s rights and obligations hereunder without the prior consent of Tamboran; provided, that nothing in this Subscription Agreement shall prohibit Subscriber from transferring or assigning any of its rights, interests and obligations pursuant to this Subscription Agreement to any controlled affiliate of such Subscriber so long as (i) such transfer or assignment would not reasonably be expected to impair or delay the ability of the Subscriber or such transferee to complete its respective obligations pursuant to this Subscription Agreement and (ii) such transferee would otherwise not violate any of the representation and warranties contained in Section 4 hereof. Subject to the foregoing, Subscriber’s permitted assignee(s) agrees to be bound by the terms hereof. Upon such permitted assignment by Subscriber, the assignee(s) shall become Subscriber hereunder and have the rights and obligations provided for herein to the extent of such assignment. Neither this Subscription Agreement nor any rights that may accrue to Tamboran hereunder or any of Tamboran’s respective obligations may be transferred or assigned.
(d)All the agreements, covenants, representations and warranties made by each party hereto in this Subscription Agreement shall survive for six (6) months following the Closing; provided, however, that the covenants in this Subscription Agreement that contemplate performance after the Closing or expressly by their terms survive the Closing shall survive the Closing in accordance with their respective terms or until fully performed.
(e)Tamboran may request from Subscriber such additional information as Tamboran may deem reasonably necessary to evaluate the eligibility of Subscriber to acquire the Acquired Shares, and Subscriber shall provide such information as may be reasonably requested, to the extent readily available and to the extent consistent with its internal policies and procedures; provided, that, that upon receipt of such additional information, Tamboran agrees to keep any such information confidential, except as may be required by applicable law, rule, regulation or in connection with any legal proceeding or regulatory request.
(f)This Subscription Agreement may not be modified, waived or terminated except by an instrument in writing, signed by the party against whom enforcement of such modification, waiver, or termination is sought.
(g)This Subscription Agreement constitutes the entire agreement, and supersedes all other prior agreements, understandings, representations and warranties, both written and oral, among the parties, with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Subscription Agreement shall not confer any rights or remedies upon any person other than the parties hereto and their respective successor and assigns.
(h)Except as otherwise provided herein, this Subscription Agreement shall be binding upon, and inure to, the benefit of the parties hereto and their affiliates, heirs, executors, administrators, successors, legal representatives, and permitted assigns, and the agreements, representations, warranties, covenants and acknowledgments contained herein shall be deemed to be made by, and be binding upon, such heirs, executors, administrators, successors, legal representatives and permitted assigns.
(i)If any provision of this Subscription Agreement shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality or enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Subscription Agreement shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and shall continue in full force and effect.
(j)This Subscription Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts (including by facsimile or electronic mail or in .pdf) and by different parties in separate counterparts, with the same effect as if all parties hereto had signed the same document. All counterparts so executed and delivered shall be construed together and shall constitute one and the same agreement.
(k)Subscriber shall pay all of its own expenses in connection with this Subscription Agreement and the transactions contemplated by this Subscription Agreement.
(l)Any notice or communication required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and either delivered personally, or emailed, sent by overnight mail via a reputable overnight carrier, or sent by certified or registered mail, postage prepaid, and shall be deemed to be given and received (a) when so delivered personally, (b) when sent, with no mail undeliverable or other rejection notice, if sent by email, or (c) five (5) business days after the date of mailing to the address below or to such other address or addresses as such person may hereafter designate by notice given hereunder:
if to Subscriber, to such address or addresses set forth on the signature page hereto; and
if to Tamboran, to:
Tamboran Resources Corporation
Suite 01, Level 39, Tower One, International Towers Sydney
100 Barangaroo Avenue, Barangaroo NSW 2000, Australia
Attention: Eric Dyer; Rohan Vardaro
Email: [***]; [***]
(m)The parties hereto agree that irreparable damage would occur in the event that any of the provisions of this Subscription Agreement were not performed in accordance with their specific terms or were otherwise breached. It is accordingly agreed that the parties shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Subscription Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions of this Subscription Agreement, this being in addition to any other remedy to which such party is entitled at law, in equity, in contract, in tort or otherwise.
(n)This Subscription Agreement, and any claim or cause of action hereunder based upon, arising out of or related to this Subscription Agreement (whether based on law, in equity, in contract, in tort or any other theory) or the negotiation, execution, performance or enforcement of this Subscription Agreement, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to the principles of conflicts of laws thereof.
THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY SUBMIT TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF DELAWARE, AND, IF SUCH FEDERAL COURT DOES NOT HAVE JURISDICTION, THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE SOLELY IN RESPECT OF THE INTERPRETATION AND ENFORCEMENT OF THE PROVISIONS OF THIS
SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT AND THE DOCUMENTS REFERRED TO IN THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT AND IN RESPECT OF THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, AND HEREBY WAIVE, AND AGREE NOT TO ASSERT, AS A DEFENSE IN ANY ACTION, SUIT OR PROCEEDING FOR INTERPRETATION OR ENFORCEMENT HEREOF OR ANY SUCH DOCUMENT THAT IS NOT SUBJECT THERETO OR THAT SUCH ACTION, SUIT OR PROCEEDING MAY NOT BE BROUGHT OR IS NOT MAINTAINABLE IN SAID COURTS OR THAT VENUE THEREOF MAY NOT BE APPROPRIATE OR THAT THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT OR ANY SUCH DOCUMENT MAY NOT BE ENFORCED IN OR BY SUCH COURTS, AND THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY AGREE THAT ALL CLAIMS WITH RESPECT TO SUCH ACTION, SUIT OR PROCEEDING SHALL BE HEARD AND DETERMINED BY SUCH FEDERAL OR DELAWARE STATE COURT. THE PARTIES HEREBY CONSENT TO AND GRANT ANY SUCH COURT JURISDICTION OVER THE PERSON OF SUCH PARTIES AND OVER THE SUBJECT MATTER OF SUCH DISPUTE AND AGREE THAT MAILING OF PROCESS OR OTHER PAPERS IN CONNECTION WITH SUCH ACTION, SUIT OR PROCEEDING IN THE MANNER PROVIDED IN SECTION 8(l) OR IN SUCH OTHER MANNER AS MAY BE PERMITTED BY LAW SHALL BE VALID AND SUFFICIENT SERVICE THEREOF.
EACH PARTY ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT ANY CONTROVERSY WHICH MAY ARISE UNDER THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY IS LIKELY TO INVOLVE COMPLICATED AND DIFFICULT ISSUES, AND THEREFORE EACH SUCH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT SUCH PARTY MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LITIGATION DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED BY THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT. EACH PARTY CERTIFIES AND ACKNOWLEDGES THAT (I) NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PARTY HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PARTY WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER; (II) SUCH PARTY UNDERSTANDS AND HAS CONSIDERED THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE FOREGOING WAIVER; (III) SUCH PARTY MAKES THE FOREGOING WAIVER VOLUNTARILY AND (IV) SUCH PARTY HAS BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVER AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION 8(n).
(o)Tamboran shall, (i) by 9:00 a.m., New York City time, on the trading day immediately following the date of this Subscription Agreement, issue a press release or file a Current Report on Form 8-K disclosing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby and (ii) file a Current Report on Form 8-K, including a form of this Subscription Agreement as an exhibit thereto, with the Commission within the time required by the Exchange Act. Notwithstanding the foregoing, except as may otherwise be agreed with the Subscriber, without such Subscriber’s prior written consent (email being sufficient), Tamboran shall not identify such Subscriber or respective affiliates by name or by identifiable description in any issuance of a press release, on its website, in any marketing materials or investor presentations, on social media channels, or in any SEC Reports (unless required by the rules and regulations of
the SEC). From and after the issuance of such press release, Tamboran represents to the Subscriber that it shall have publicly disclosed all material, non-public information delivered to such Subscriber by Tamboran or any of its subsidiaries, or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or agents in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. Tamboran understands and confirms that the Subscriber shall be relying on the foregoing covenant in effecting transactions in securities of Tamboran.
[Signature Pages Immediately Follow]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of Tamboran and Subscriber has executed or caused this Subscription Agreement to be executed by its duly authorized representative as of the date set forth below.
TAMBORAN RESOURCES CORPORATION
By:
Name: Eric Dyer
Title: Chief Financial Officer
Date: October 24, 2025
Signature Page to Subscription Agreement
| | |
| SUBSCRIBER: |
|
|
| Signature of Subscriber: |
|
By:___________________________________ Name: Title: |
|
Date: , 2025 |
| | |
___________________________________ Name in which securities are to be registered (if different) |
|
| Email Address: _______________________ |
Subscriber’s EIN: |
| Business Address-Street: |
|
| ___________________________________ |
|
___________________________________ City, State, Zip: |
| Attn: |
|
| Telephone No.: ______________________ |
|
| Facsimile No.: _______________________ |
|
| Aggregate Number of Acquired Shares subscribed for: |
| _______________________________ |
|
Aggregate Purchase Price: $ [●] |
|
You must pay the Purchase Price by wire transfer of United States dollars in immediately available funds to the account specified by Tamboran in the Closing Notice.
Signature Page to Subscription Agreement
SCHEDULE A
ELIGIBILITY REPRESENTATIONS OF SUBSCRIBER
| | | | | | | | |
| A. | QUALIFIED INSTITUTIONAL BUYER STATUS (Please check the applicable subparagraphs): |
| 1 | ☐ We are a “qualified institutional buyer” (as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act (a “QIB”)). |
| 2 | ☐ We are subscribing for the Acquired Shares as a fiduciary or agent for one or more investor accounts, and each owner of such account is a QIB. |
*** OR ***
| | | | | | | | |
| B. | ACCREDITED INVESTOR STATUS (Please check the applicable subparagraphs): |
| 1 | ☐ We are an “accredited investor” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act) or an entity in which all of the equity holders are accredited investors within the meaning of Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act and have marked and initialed the appropriate box on the following page indicating the provision under which we qualify as an “accredited investor.” |
| 2 | ☐ We are not a natural person. |
*** AND ***
| | | | | | | | |
| C. | AFFILIATE STATUS (Please check the applicable box) |
| SUBSCRIBER: |
| ☐ | is: |
| ☐ | is not: |
an “affiliate” (as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act) of Tamboran acting on behalf of an affiliate of Tamboran.
This page should be completed by Subscriber
and constitutes a part of the Subscription Agreement.
Rule 501(a), in relevant part, states that an “accredited investor” shall mean any person who comes within any of the below listed categories, or who the issuer reasonably believes comes within any of the below listed categories, at the time of the sale of the securities to that person. Subscriber has indicated, by marking and initialing the appropriate box below, the provision(s) below which apply to Subscriber and under which Subscriber accordingly qualifies as an “accredited investor.”
ENTITY
☐ Any bank as defined in section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act, or any savings and loan association or other institution as defined in section 3(a)(5)(A) of the Securities Act whether acting in its individual or fiduciary capacity;
☐ Any broker or dealer registered pursuant to section 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934;
☐ Any insurance company as defined in section 2(a)(13) of the Securities Act;
☐ Any investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 or a business development company as defined in section 2(a)(48) of that Act;
☐ Any Small Business Investment Company licensed by the U.S. Small Business Administration under section 301(c) or (d) of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958;
☐ Any plan established and maintained by a state, its political subdivisions, or any agency or instrumentality of a state or its political subdivisions, for the benefit of its employees, if such plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000;
☐ Any employee benefit plan within the meaning of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 if the investment decision is made by a plan fiduciary, as defined in section 3(21) of such act, which is either a bank, savings and loan association, insurance company, or registered investment adviser, or if the employee benefit plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000 or, if a self-directed plan, with investment decisions made solely by persons that are accredited investors;
☐ Any private business development company as defined in section 202(a)(22) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940;
☐ Any organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, corporation, Massachusetts or similar business trust, or partnership, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, with total assets in excess of $5,000,000; or
☐ Any trust, with total assets in excess of $5,000,000, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, whose purchase is directed by a sophisticated person as described in § 230.506(b)(2)(ii).
☐ Any “family office,” as defined in rule 202(a)(11)(G)-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940: (i) with assets under management in excess of $5,000,000, (ii) that is not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, and (iii) whose prospective investment is directed by a person who has such knowledge and experience in
financial and business matters that such family office is capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment;
☐ Any “family client,” as defined in rule 202(a)(11)(G)-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, of a family office meeting the requirements described above and whose prospective investment in the issuer is directed by such family office pursuant to clause (iii) of the above; or
☐ Any entity in which all of the equity owners are accredited investors meeting one or more of the above and below tests.
This page should be completed by Subscriber
and constitutes a part of the Subscription Agreement.
INDIVIDUAL
☐ Any director, executive officer, or general partner of the issuer of the securities being offered or sold, or any director, executive officer, or general partner of a general partner of that issuer.
☐ Any natural person whose individual net worth, or joint net worth with that person’s spouse, at the time of his or her purchase exceeds $1,000,000. For purposes of calculating a natural person’s net worth: (a) the person’s primary residence must not be included as an asset; (b) indebtedness secured by the person’s primary residence up to the estimated fair market value of the primary residence must not be included as a liability (except that if the amount of such indebtedness outstanding at the time of calculation exceeds the amount outstanding 60 days before such time, other than as a result of the acquisition of the primary residence, the amount of such excess must be included as a liability); and (c) indebtedness that is secured by the person’s primary residence in excess of the estimated fair market value of the residence must be included as a liability;
☐ Any natural person who had an individual income in excess of $200,000 in each of the two most recent years or joint income with that person’s spouse in excess of $300,000 in each of those years and has a reasonable expectation of reaching the same income level in the current year;
This page should be completed by Subscriber
and constitutes a part of the Subscription Agreement.
October 22, 2025
Tamboran Resources Corporation Public Offering of Common Stock
Highlights
Tamboran Resources Corporation (“Tamboran” or the “Company”) has commenced an underwritten public offering of 2,324,445 shares of Common Stock. The Company expects to grant the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 348,666 shares of Common Stock from the Company.
The Company intends to use the net proceeds of the offering to fund Tamboran’s development plan, working capital, and other general corporate purposes.
RBC Capital Markets, LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC are acting as joint book-running managers of the offering.NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Tamboran Resources Corporation (NYSE: TBN, ASX: TBN):
Other Information
The offering of these securities is being made only by means of the prospectus supplement and accompanying base prospectus as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Copies of the preliminary prospectus supplement and accompanying base prospectus relating to the offering may be obtained free of charge on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov under Tamboran’s name or from the joint book-running managers as follows:
RBC Capital Markets, LLC Attention: Equity Capital Markets
200 Vesey Street, New York, NY 10281 By telephone at 877-822-4089
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
90 South 7th Street, 5th Floor, Minneapolis, MN 55402 By telephone at 800-645-3751 (option #5)
The shares of common stock are being offered and will be sold pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement that was previously filed with the SEC. This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy the shares of the Company’s common stock or any other securities, nor shall there be any sale of such shares of common stock or any other securities in any state or other jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any
such state or other jurisdiction. Any offers, solicitations or offers to buy, or any sales of securities will be made in accordance with the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
About Tamboran
Tamboran is a growth-driven independent natural gas exploration and production company focused on an integrated approach to the commercial development of the natural gas resources in the Beetaloo Basin located within the Northern Territory of Australia. Through its subsidiaries, Tamboran holds approximately 1.9 million net prospective acres and is the largest acreage holder in the Beetaloo Basin.
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of U.S. federal securities laws. Words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “guidance,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “would,” “believe,” “intend,” “project,” “plan,” “predict,” “will,” “target” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, which are not historical in nature. Forward-looking statements are subject to certain known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our current projections or expectations of future results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. You should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements in the filings made by Tamboran with the SEC, which are available to the public. Tamboran undertakes no obligation to, and does not intend to, update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after this press release. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release.
View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20251022984287/en/
Investor enquiries:
Chris Morbey, Vice President – Investor Relations
+61 2 8330 6626
Media enquiries:
+61 2 8330 6626
Source: Tamboran Resources Corporation
October 22, 2025
Tamboran Resources Corporation Pricing of Public Offering of Common Stock
Highlights
Tamboran Resources Corporation (“Tamboran” or the “Company”) today priced the previously announced underwritten public offering of 2,324,445 shares of Common Stock at a price to the public of US$21.00 per share.
In connection with the offering, the Company granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 348,666 shares of Common Stock at the public offering price from the Company.
The gross proceeds from the offering, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses, are expected to be US$48.8 million, excluding any exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares.
The Company intends to use the net proceeds of the offering to fund Tamboran’s development plan, working capital, and other general corporate purposes.
The offering is expected to close on October 24, 2025, subject to customary closing conditions.
RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, and BofA Securities are acting as joint book-running managers of the offering.
NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Tamboran Resources Corporation (NYSE: TBN, ASX: TBN)
Other Information
The offering of these securities is being made only by means of the prospectus supplement and accompanying base prospectus as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Copies of the preliminary prospectus supplement and accompanying base prospectus relating to the offering may be obtained free of charge on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov under Tamboran’s name or from the joint book-running managers as follows:
RBC Capital Markets, LLC Attention: Equity Capital Markets
200 Vesey Street, New York, NY 10281 By telephone at 877-822-4089
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
90 South 7th Street, 5th Floor, Minneapolis, MN 55402 By telephone at 800-645-3751 (option #5)
BofA Securities NC1-022-02-25
201 North Tryon Street Charlotte, NC 28255-0001
Attention: Prospectus Department
The shares of common stock are being offered and will be sold pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement that was previously filed with the SEC. This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy the shares of the Company’s common stock or any other securities, nor shall there be any sale of such shares of common stock or any other securities in any state or other jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or other jurisdiction. Any offers, solicitations or offers to buy, or any sales of securities will be made in accordance with the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
About Tamboran
Tamboran is a growth-driven independent natural gas exploration and production company focused on an integrated approach to the commercial development of the natural gas resources in the Beetaloo Basin located within the Northern Territory of Australia. Through its subsidiaries, Tamboran holds approximately 1.9 million net prospective acres and is the largest acreage holder in the Beetaloo Basin.
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of U.S. federal securities laws. Words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “guidance,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “would,” “believe,” “intend,” “project,” “plan,” “predict,” “will,” “target” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, which are not historical in nature. Forward-looking statements are subject to certain known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our current projections or expectations of future results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. You should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements in the filings made by Tamboran with the SEC, which are available to the public. Tamboran undertakes no obligation to, and does not intend to, update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after this press release. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release.
View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20251022942624/en/
Investor enquiries:
Chris Morbey, Vice President – Investor Relations
+61 2 8330 6626
Media enquiries:
+61 2 8330 6626
Source: Tamboran Resources Corporation
| | | | | |
| ANNOUNCEMENT | October 24, 2025 |
| Tamboran Resources Corporation (NYSE: TBN, ASX: TBN) | |
Tamboran raises US$56.1 million via Public Offering, enters into PIPE with proceeds of up to US$29.3 million, and intends to launch CDI Share Purchase Plan with target proceeds of up to US$30 millionHighlights
•Tamboran Resources Corporation has raised US$56.1 million (US$52.5 million after deducting underwriters discounts and offering expenses) via the issuance of 2,673,111 shares of Common Stock at the public offering price of US$21.00 per share (Public Offering).
•The underwriters exercised their option to purchase an additional 348,666 shares of Common Stock at the Public Offering price from the Company on October 23, 2025.
•The Public Offering was supported by cornerstone investors, including a US$10 million investment from new Strategic Partner, Baker Hughes, a leading energy technology company. Baker Hughes will provide industry-leading oilfield services (OFS) and equipment while supporting optimization and efficiency initiatives in Tamboran’s initial development.
•Concurrently with the closing of the Public Offering, Tamboran entered into subscription agreements with certain investors with expected gross proceeds of up to US$29.3 million in a Private Investment in Public Equity (PIPE), subject to approval by the Company’s shareholders pursuant to ASX Listing Rules 7.1 and 10.11 and the satisfaction of other customary closing conditions.
•The PIPE is supported by a US$6.6 million investment from Tamboran’s largest shareholder, Mr. Bryan Sheffield, and Mr. Scott Sheffield, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to approval by the Company’s shareholders pursuant to ASX Listing Rule 10.11.
•Proceeds from the Public Offering, PIPE and SPP will be used to fund Tamboran’s development plan, working capital, and other general corporate purposes.
•RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, and BofA Securities acted as joint book-running managers of the Public Offering.
•Tamboran intends to launch a Share Purchase Plan (SPP) allowing existing eligible CHESS Depositary Interest (CDI) holders to participate at the same price per share as the Public Offering targeting a full subscription of up to US$30 million in CDIs.
Tamboran Resources Corporation Chairman and Interim CEO, Richard Stoneburner, said:
“We thank our existing shareholders for their continued support in Tamboran and welcome new shareholders on our journey to delivering our world class shale gas development of the Beetaloo Basin.
Tamboran Resources Corporation
ARBN 672 879 024
Tower One, International Towers
Suite 1, Level 39, 100 Barangaroo Avenue,
Barangaroo NSW 2000, Australia
+61 2 8330 6626 www.tamboran.com
“The Strategic Partnership with Baker Hughes is an important step in our cost reduction initiative across our OFS activities in the Beetaloo Basin. Baker Hughes joins Helmerich & Payne (NYSE: HP) and Liberty Energy (NYSE: LBRT) as our key operational partners as we focus on progressing towards first gas from the Beetaloo Basin.
“The funds from the offer will allow for Tamboran to secure long lead items for the 2026 drilling activities to maintain momentum on the anticipated completion of the farmout process.”
Public Offering
Tamboran has raised US$56.1 million (US$52.5 million after deducting underwriters discounts and offering expenses) via the issuance of 2,673,111 shares of Common Stock at the public offering price of US$21.00 per share in the Public Offering. The underwriters exercised their option to purchase an additional 348,666 shares of Common Stock at the public offering price from the Company on October 23, 2025. The 2,673,111 shares of Common Stock under the Public Offering were issued within the Company’s placement capacity under Listing Rule 7.1.
The Public Offering was supported by cornerstone investors, including a US$10 million investment from new Strategic Partner, Baker Hughes, a leading energy technology company.
The offering of these securities was made only by means of the prospectus supplement and accompanying base prospectus as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Copies of the preliminary prospectus supplement and accompanying base prospectus relating to the offering may be obtained free of charge on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov under Tamboran’s name or from the joint book-running managers as follows:
RBC Capital Markets, LLC
Attention: Equity Capital Markets
200 Vesey Street, New York, NY 10281
By telephone at 877-822-4089
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
90 South 7th Street, 5th Floor, Minneapolis, MN 55402
By telephone at 800-645-3751 (option #5)
BofA Securities
NC1-022-02-25
201 North Tryon Street
Charlotte, NC 28255-0001
Attn: Prospectus Department
The shares of common stock were offered and sold pursuant to an effective shelf registration statement that was previously filed with the SEC. This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy the shares of the Company’s common stock or any other securities, nor shall there be any sale of such shares of common stock or any other securities in any state or other jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or other jurisdiction. Any offers, solicitations or offers to buy, or any sales of securities will be made in accordance with the registration requirements of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act).
PIPE
Concurrently with the closing of the Public Offering, Tamboran entered into subscription agreements with certain investors with expected gross proceeds of up to US$29.3 million in a PIPE, subject to approval by the Company’s shareholders pursuant to ASX Listing Rules 7.1 and 10.11, and the satisfaction of other customary closing conditions. The PIPE is being conducted at the price to the public of US$21.00 per share of Common Stock.
The PIPE is supported by a US$6.6 million investment from the Company’s largest shareholder, Bryan Sheffield, and Scott Sheffield, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors, subject to approval by the Company’s shareholders pursuant to ASX Listing Rule 10.11.
Pursuant to the PIPE:
•327,934 Common Stock will be issued to certain directors, management and related parties of the Company, subject to shareholder approval under Listing Rules 7.1 and 10.11;
•133,655 Common Stock will be issued to Bryan Sheffield, subject to shareholder approval under Listing Rule 10.11; and
•1,062,750 Common Stock will be issued to certain non-affiliated investors, subject to shareholder approval under Listing Rule 7.1.
The shares of common stock being issued and sold in the PIPE have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or applicable state securities laws and may not be offered or sold in the United States except pursuant to an effective registration statement or an applicable exemption from
the registration requirements. Tamboran has agreed to file a registration statement to register the resale of the shares of common stock being sold in the PIPE.
Use of Proceeds
Uses of funds from the Public Offering and the PIPE include:
•Funding Tamboran’s development plan
•Working capital
•Other general corporate purposes
Strategic agreement with Baker Hughes
In conjunction with the Public Offering, Tamboran and Baker Hughes have entered into a preferred services agreement whereby Baker Hughes will supply OFS and support optimization and efficiency initiatives in Tamboran’s initial development of the Beetaloo Basin. This activity is limited to a pre-set number of wells in the basin with an expiration period of the later to occur of i) three (3) years, or ii) twenty (20) wells.
The strategic relationship with Baker Hughes is established to provide industry-leading oilfield services and to Tamboran’s Beetaloo Basin operations, including drilling and completion fluids, drilling services, well design and construction, wireline services, cementing and completions intervention to improve well delivery and economics in the upcoming drilling and completions program.
Share purchase plan
The Company will also offer a Security Purchase Plan (SPP) to eligible securityholders to raise up to approximately US$30 million at the same equivalent price as the Public Offering and PIPE, with the ability to take oversubscriptions at its discretion.
The SPP will open on Thursday, October 30, 2025 and is expected to close at 5.00pm on Thursday, November 20, 2025 (Sydney time) (unless extended).
The SPP will be offered to existing retail CDI holders with registered addresses in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Singapore, and the United Kingdom as of the record date at
7:00pm on Friday, October 24, 2025 (Sydney time) who are not in the United States or acting for the account or benefit of a person in the United States (Eligible Securityholders).
Eligible Securityholders will be offered the opportunity under the SPP to apply for up to A$30,000 worth of new CDIs (subject to scale back at the Company’s absolute discretion) at the issue price of A$0.162 per CDI, representing an 19.84% discount to the volume weighted average price of Tamboran CDIs traded on the ASX over the last five days on which sales in Tamboran’s CDIs were recorded before Thursday, October 23, 2025. In the event of a scale back occurring, Eligible Securityholders who participate may not receive the full number of New CDIs applied for under the SPP and the difference in any application monies will be refunded to those Eligible Securityholders (without interest) following the issue of New CDIs under the SPP. A copy of the SPP Booklet will also be available on the ASX website. The SPP Offer Booklet will contain instructions on how to participate in the SPP. Completed application forms and payments are due by no later than Thursday, November 20, 2025 (Sydney, Australia time).
The SPP offer booklet (SPP Offer Booklet) containing further details of the SPP will be released separately and will be despatched to all Eligible Securityholders and is expected to be lodged with the ASX on Thursday, October 30, 2025 (Sydney time) and Eligible Securityholders wishing to participate in the SPP should carefully read the SPP Offer Booklet.
The new CDIs issued under the SPP will rank equally with Tamboran’s existing CDIs with effect from its date of issue and Tamboran will seek quotation of the New CDIs issued under the SPP on the ASX. The terms and conditions of the SPP will be set out in a SPP Offer Booklet that will be released on ASX and provided to eligible shareholders in accordance with the timetable below.
Indicative SPP Timetable of Key Dates
| | | | | |
Event | Date (Sydney, Australia) |
Record date for Eligible Securityholders to subscribe for New CDIs under the SPP | 7.00pm on Friday, October 24 2025 |
Announcement of the SPP (and US Offers) | Monday, October 27, 2025 |
Opening date of the SPP and despatch of the SPP Offer Booklet to Eligible Securityholders | Thursday, October 30, 2025 |
Closing date of the SPP | 5.00pm on Thursday, November 20, 2025 |
Announcement of the SPP results and issue of New CDIs under the SPP | Tuesday, November 25, 2025 |
| | | | | |
Commencement of trading of New CDIs issued under the SPP | Wednesday, November 26, 2025 |
Despatch of holding statements in respect of New CDIs issued under the SPP | Thursday, November 27, 2025 |
All dates and times are indicative, and the Company reserves the right to amend any or all of these events, dates and times subject to the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth), ASX Listing Rules and other applicable laws. All times and dates are in reference to Sydney, Australia time.
This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy these securities, nor shall there be any sale of these securities in any state or other jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation, or sale would be unlawful prior to the registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or other jurisdiction.
About Tamboran
Tamboran is a growth-driven independent natural gas exploration and production company focused on an integrated approach to the commercial development of the natural gas resources in the Beetaloo Basin located within the Northern Territory of Australia. Through its subsidiaries, Tamboran holds approximately 1.9 million net prospective acres and is the largest acreage holder in the Beetaloo Basin.
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of U.S. federal securities laws. Words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “guidance,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “would,” “believe,” “intend,” “project,” “plan,” “predict,” “will,” “target” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements, which are not historical in nature. Forward-looking statements are subject to certain known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our historical experience and our current projections or expectations of future results expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. It is possible that the Company’s future financial performance may differ from expectations due to a variety of factors, including but not limited to: the failure to consummate the PIPE or transactions related to the SPP, our early stage of development with no material revenue expected until mid-calendar year 2026 and our limited operating history; the substantial additional capital required for our business plan, which we may be unable to raise on acceptable terms; our strategy to deliver natural gas to the Australian East Coast and select Asian markets being contingent upon constructing additional pipeline capacity, which may not be secured; the absence of proved reserves and the risk that our drilling may not yield natural gas in commercial quantities or quality; the uncertainty in estimating the characteristics of our property; the speculative nature of drilling activities, which involve significant costs and may not result in discoveries or additions to our future production or reserves; the challenges associated with importing U.S. practices and technology to the Northern Territory, which could affect our operations and growth due to limited local experience; the critical need for timely access to appropriate equipment and infrastructure, which may impact our market access and business plan execution; the operational complexities and inherent risks of drilling, completions, workover, and hydraulic fracturing operations that could adversely affect our business; the uncertainty of our industry as a whole; the volatility of natural gas prices and its potential adverse effect on our financial condition and operations; the difficulty in executing our business strategy if we cannot manage our future growth effectively, our inability to obtain the commercial contracts necessary to facilitate direct delivery of our natural gas production on commercially reasonable terms; the risks of construction delays, cost overruns, and negative effects on our financial and operational performance associated with midstream projects; the potential fundamental impact on our business if our assessments of the Beetaloo are materially inaccurate; the uncertainties in estimating existing quantities of proved and possible reserves; our dependence on certain members of management and our technical team; our limited control over properties operated by others or through joint ventures; the concentration of all our assets and operations in the Beetaloo, making us susceptible to region-specific risks; our inability to
make accretive acquisitions or successfully integrate acquired businesses or assets; operating hazards that could result in liabilities for which we may not have adequate insurance coverage; the risks inherent to the exploration and production of natural gas; delays and cost overruns resulting from the long term development schedule of natural gas projects; the substantial doubt raised by our recurring operational losses, negative cash flows, and cumulative net losses about our ability to continue as a going concern; our ability to attract a third-party partner and secure permitting to develop an additional LNG export terminal on Australia’s northern coast; financial crises; events outside our control, such as epidemics, geopolitical instability, or terrorist attacks; cybersecurity threats and disruptions, as well as any compromised information or systems resulting from such disruptions; potential legal proceedings that result in liabilities; risks related to corporate social responsibility and our estimates thereof; complex laws and regulations that could affect our operational costs and feasibility or lead to significant liabilities; community opposition that could result in costly delays and impede our ability to obtain necessary government approvals; exploration and development activities in the Beetaloo that may lead to legal disputes, operational disruptions, and reputational damage due to native title and heritage issues; the requirement to produce natural gas on a Scope 1 net zero basis upon commencement of commercial production, with internal net zero goals, which may increase our production costs; the increased attention to ESG matters and environmental conservation measures that could adversely impact our business operations; restrictions and delays that may result from federal and local initiatives relating to hydraulic fracturing; reduced demand for the natural gas we produce or increased compliance costs due primarily to risks related to climate change; limitations on our ability to pursue business strategies if we incur costs related to a failure to comply with environmental, health or safety regulations; potential future regulation by the Northern Territory of Australia; unanticipated water and waste disposal costs as a result of increased water-related laws and regulations; restrictions on drilling, completion, production or related activities intended to protect certain species of wildlife; increased costs of compliance with evolving data privacy laws; risks related to our corporate structure; risks related to our common stock and CDIs; and the other risk factors discussed in this report and the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). You should keep in mind the risk factors and other cautionary statements in the filings made by Tamboran with the SEC, which are available to the public. Tamboran undertakes no obligation to, and does not intend to, update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances occurring after this press release. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release.
This announcement was approved and authorised for release by Dick Stoneburner, the Chairman and Interim Chief Executive Officer of Tamboran Resources Corporation.
Investor enquiries:
Chris Morbey, Vice President – Investor Relations and Corporate Development
+61 2 8330 6626
Media enquiries:
+61 2 8330 6626