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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
40-F
[Check one]
 
  ☐
REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12 OF THE
      
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
OR
 
  ☒
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13(a) OR 15(d) OF THE
      
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the fiscal year ended
October
31, 2021
  
Commission File Number
1-14446
THE TORONTO-DOMINION BANK
 
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Canada
 
(Province or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
6029
 
(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number (if applicable))
13-5640479
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number (if applicable))
c/o General Counsel’s Office
P.O. Box 1
Toronto-Dominion Centre
Toronto, Ontario M5K 1A2
(416)
308-6963
 
(Address and telephone number of Registrant’s principal executive offices)
Glenn Gibson, The Toronto-Dominion Bank
31 West 52
nd
Street
New York, NY
10019-6101
(212)
827-7000
 
(Name, address (including zip code) and telephone number (including area code)
of agent for service in the United States)
 
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act.
 
Title of each class   
Trading
Symbol(s)
   Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares
  
TD
  
New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act.
Not Applicable
 
(Title of Class)
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act.
Not Applicable
 
(Title of Class)

For annual reports, indicate by check mark the information filed with this form:
 
        ☒
  
Annual information form
  
☒
  
Audited annual financial statements
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.
 
Common Shares
     1,823,932,636  
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Rate Reset Preferred Shares, Series 1
(Non-Viability
Contingent Capital)
     20,000,000  
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Rate Reset Preferred Shares, Series 3
(Non-Viability
Contingent Capital)
     20,000,000  
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Rate Reset Preferred Shares, Series 5
(Non-Viability
Contingent Capital)
     20,000,000  
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Rate Reset Preferred Shares, Series 7
(Non-Viability
Contingent Capital)
     14,000,000  
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Rate Reset Preferred Shares, Series 9
(Non-Viability
Contingent Capital)
     8,000,000  
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Rate Reset Preferred Shares, Series 16
(Non-Viability
Contingent Capital)
     14,000,000  
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Rate Reset Preferred Shares, Series 18
(Non-Viability
Contingent Capital)
     14,000,000  
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Rate Reset Preferred Shares, Series 20
(Non-Viability
Contingent Capital)
     16,000,000  
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Rate Reset Preferred Shares, Series 22
(Non-Viability
Contingent Capital)
     14,000,000  
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Rate Reset Preferred Shares, Series 24
(Non-Viability
Contingent Capital)
     18,000,000  
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Rate Reset Preferred Shares, Series 26
(Non-Viability
Contingent Capital)*
     1,750,000  
*In connection with the issuance of Limited Recourse Capital Notes (LRCN) NVCC Series 1 on July 29, 2021, the Registrant issued CAD$1,750 million of Class A First Preferred Shares, Series 26 (Series 26 Preferred Shares) at a price of CAD$1,000 per Series 26 Preferred Share. The Series 26 Preferred Shares were issued to a trust to be held as limited recourse trust assets in connection with the LRCN structure. The Series 26 Preferred Shares are eliminated on the Registrant’s consolidated financial statements.
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
 
Yes    ☒        No  ☐                                  
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation
S-T
(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).
 
Yes    ☒        No  ☐                                  
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an emerging growth company, as defined in Rule
12b-2
of the Exchange Act.
Emerging growth company  ☐            
If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.
 
☐
            
† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.
 
☒
            

Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The disclosure provided under the heading
Accounting Standards and Policies – Controls and Procedures – Disclosure Controls and Procedures
included in Exhibit 99.2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis is incorporated by reference herein.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The disclosure provided under the heading
Accounting Standards and Policies – Controls and Procedures – Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
included in Exhibit 99.2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis is incorporated by reference herein.
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
The disclosure provided under the heading
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm To the Shareholders and Directors of The Toronto-Dominion Bank – Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
included in Exhibit 99.3: 2021 Annual Financial Statements is incorporated by reference herein.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
The disclosure provided under the heading
Accounting Standards and Policies – Controls and Procedures – Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
included in Exhibit 99.2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis is incorporated by reference herein.
Audit Committee Financial Expert
The disclosure provided under the heading
Directors and Executive Officers – Audit Committee
included in Exhibit 99.1
:
Annual Information Form dated December 1, 2021 is incorporated by reference herein.
Code of Ethics
The Registrant has adopted the
Code of Conduct and Ethics for Employees and Directors
(the “Code”) as its code of ethics applicable to all its employees and directors, including the Registrant’s Group President and Chief Executive Officer, Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and Senior Vice President, Controller, Chief Accountant and Corporate Segment Finance. The Registrant posts the Code on its website at
www.td.com
and also undertakes to provide a copy of the Code to any person without charge upon request. Such request may be made by mail, telephone or
e-mail
to:
The Toronto-Dominion Bank
TD Shareholder Relations
P.O. Box 1, Toronto-Dominion Centre
Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5K 1A2
Telephone:
1-866-756-8936
E-mail:
tdshinfo@td.com
On February 3, 2021, an amended version of the Code was filed with the SEC on Form
6-K
and made available on the Registrant’s website.
The key amendments made to the Code
at that time included: a) Introduction and Summary – TD’s Culture Framework, which combines elements of TD’s purpose, strategy, Shared Commitments, Risk Appetite and the Code, is now referenced in the introduction; b) Section 2D) –
Human Rights, Accessibility, Diversity, Inclusion and Preventing Violence in the Workplace
- Language added to align with the recently updated Respectful Workplace Policy, clarifying that the obligation to treat others with dignity and respect extends to customers, vendors and members of the public; c) Section 2E) –
Communicating on Behalf of TD or about TD –
The Electronic Communication and Social Media Policy has been divided into two standalone policies: the Social Media Policy and the Electronic Communication Acceptable Use Policy. Amendments have been made to reflect the new policy framework; d) Section 2F) –
Irregular Business Conduct (Sales Practice Misconduct) –
Language has been updated to emphasize the obligation to take customer needs, circumstances, and financial goals into consideration in all customer interactions; e) Section 4D) –
Computer System Security
- Language added to reinforce that the installation

and use of any unauthorized software is strictly prohibited; f) Section 7B) –
Reporting Violations –
Language updated to reflect the rebranding of the Whistleblower Hotline to the “Conduct and Ethics Hotline”. In addition to these changes, certain other editorial, technical, organizational, administrative and
non-substantive
amendments were made to the Code.
No waivers from the provisions of the Code were granted in the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021 to the Registrant’s Group President and Chief Executive Officer, Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, and Senior Vice President, Controller, Chief Accountant and Corporate Segment Finance.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
The disclosure regarding Audit Fees, Audit-Related Fees, Tax Fees and All Other Fees provided under the heading
Directors and Executive Officers –
Pre-Approval
Policies and Shareholders’ Auditor Service Fees
included in Exhibit 99.1: Annual Information Form dated December 1, 2021 is incorporated by reference herein.
Pre-Approval
Policy for Audit and
Non-Audit
Services
The disclosure provided under the heading
Directors and Executive Officers –
Pre-Approval
Policies and Shareholders’ Auditor Service Fees
included in Exhibit 99.1: Annual Information Form dated December 1, 2021 is incorporated by reference herein.
During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2021, the waiver of
pre-approval
provisions set forth in the applicable rules of the SEC were not utilized for any services related to Audit-Related Fees, Tax Fees or All Other Fees and the Audit Committee did not approve any such fees subject to the waiver of
pre-approval
provisions.
Hours Expended on Audit Attributed to Persons Other than the Principal Accountant’s Employees
Not Applicable
Off-balance
Sheet Arrangements
The disclosure provided under the heading
Group Financial Condition – Securitization and
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
included in Exhibit 99.2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis is incorporated by reference herein.
Tabular Disclosure of Contractual Obligations
The disclosure provided in Table 58:
Remaining Contractual Maturity
included in Exhibit 99.2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis is incorporated by reference herein.
Identification of the Audit Committee
The disclosure provided under the heading
Directors and Executive Officers – Audit Committee
included in Exhibit 99.1: Annual Information Form dated December 1, 2021 identifying the Registrant’s Audit Committee is incorporated by reference herein.
Mine Safety Disclosure
Not Applicable
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections.
Not Applicable
Undertaking
Registrant undertakes to make available, in person or by telephone, representatives to respond to inquiries made by the Commission staff, and to furnish promptly, when requested to do so by the Commission staff, information

relating to: the securities registered pursuant to Form
40-F;
the securities in relation to which the obligation to file an annual report on Form
40-F
arises; or transactions in said securities.
Comparison of New York Stock Exchange Corporate Governance Rules
A comparison of NYSE Corporate Governance Rules required to be followed by U.S. Domestic Issuers under the NYSE’s listing standards and the Corporate Governance practices of The Toronto-Dominion Bank (disclosure required by section 303A.11 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual) is available on the Corporate Governance section of the Registrant’s website at
www.td.com/governance
.

Signatures
Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form
40-F
and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.
 
Registrant:
  
THE TORONTO-DOMINION BANK
  
By:
  
/s/ Kelvin Tran
  
Name:
  
Kelvin Tran
  
Title:
  
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
  
Date:
  
December 2, 2021
  

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 
 
FORM
40-F
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO
SECTION 13(a) or 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
 
THE TORONTO-DOMINION BANK
 
 
EXHIBITS
 
 
INDEX TO EXHIBITS
 
No.        
  
Exhibits
99.1      Annual Information Form dated December 1, 2021
99.2      Management’s Discussion and Analysis
99.3      2021 Annual Financial Statements
99.4      Industry Guide 3 – Return on Assets, Dividend Payouts, and Equity to Assets Ratios
99.5      Code of Ethics
99.6      Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
99.7      Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
99.8      Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101      The following financial information from The Toronto-Dominion Bank’s Annual Report on Form
40-F
for the year ended October 31, 2021 formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheet as at October 31, 2021 and 2020; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, Comprehensive Income, Changes in Equity, and Cash Flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended October 31, 2021; and (iii) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
104      Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

Exhibit 99.1

 

LOGO

The Toronto-Dominion Bank

ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM

December 1, 2021

 


Documents Incorporated by Reference

Portions of this Annual Information Form (“AIF”) are disclosed in the annual consolidated financial statements (the “Annual Financial Statements”) and management’s discussion and analysis of the Bank (as defined below) for the year ended October 31, 2021 (the “2021 MD&A”) and are incorporated by reference into this AIF.

 

    

Page

Reference
in AIF

     Page / Incorporated by
Reference from Annual
Financial Statements
     Page / Incorporated
by Reference From
2021 MD&A
 

CORPORATE STRUCTURE

            

Name, Address and Incorporation

     4        –          –    

Intercorporate Relationships

     4        –          –    
            

GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS

            

Three Year History

     4             3-7, 14-26  
            

DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS

            

Review of Business, including Foreign Operations

     –          11-16        5, 14-26  

Investment in The Charles Schwab Corporation

     5        66        5, 14, 20-23, 51-52  

Competition

     –          –          56-57  

Intangible Properties

     –          25, 29, 68-69        –    

Average Number of Employees

     6        –          –    

Lending

     –          –          31-41, 64-68  

Social and Environmental Policies

     6        –          90-91  

Risk Factors

     6        –          52-91  
            

DIVIDENDS

            

Dividends per Share for the Bank (October 31st year-end)

     7        –          –    

Dividends for Schwab (September 30th year-end)

     7        –          –    

Dividend Restrictions

     8        77        45  
            

CAPITAL STRUCTURE

            

Common Shares

     8        73-75        –    

Preferred Shares

     8        73-75        –    

Limited Recourse Capital Notes

     9        73-75        48  

Constraints

     10        –          –    

Ratings

     11        –          80-81  
            

MARKET FOR SECURITIES OF THE BANK

            

Market Listings

     13        –          –    

Trading Price and Volume

     13        –          –    

Prior Sales

     14        74        –    
            

ESCROWED SECURITIES AND SECURITIES SUBJECT TO CONTRACTUAL RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER

     14        68        –    
            

DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

            

Directors and Board Committees of the Bank

     15        –          –    

Audit Committee

     19        –          –    

Additional Information Regarding the Audit Committee and Shareholders’ Auditor

     20        –          –    

Executive Officers of the Bank

     21        –          –    

Shareholdings of Directors and Executive Officers

     23        –          –    

Additional Disclosure for Directors and Executive Officers

     23        –          –    

Pre-Approval Policies and Shareholders’ Auditor Service Fees

     23        –          –    
            

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND REGULATORY ACTIONS

            

Legal Proceedings

     24        87-89        –    

Regulatory Actions

     25        –          –    
            

INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS

     25        –          –    
            

TRANSFER AGENTS AND REGISTRARS

            

Transfer Agent

     25        –          –    

Co-transfer Agent and Registrar

     25        –          –    
            

INTERESTS OF EXPERTS

     25        –          –    
            

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

     26        –          –    

APPENDIX “A” – Intercorporate Relationships

APPENDIX “B” – Description of Ratings

APPENDIX “C” – Audit Committee Charter

Unless otherwise specified, this AIF presents information as at October 31, 2021.

 

- 2 -


Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

From time to time, the Bank (as defined in this document) makes written and/or oral forward-looking statements, including in this document, in other filings with Canadian regulators or the United States (U.S.) Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and in other communications. In addition, representatives of the Bank may make forward-looking statements orally to analysts, investors, the media and others. All such statements are made pursuant to the “safe harbour” provisions of, and are intended to be forward-looking statements under, applicable Canadian and U.S. securities legislation, including the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements made in this document, the Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“2021 MD&A”) in the Bank’s 2021 Annual Report under the headings “Economic Summary and Outlook” and “The Bank’s Response to COVID-19”, for the Canadian Retail, U.S. Retail, and Wholesale Banking segments under the headings “Key Priorities for 2022” and “Operating Environment and Outlook”, and for the Corporate segment under the heading “Focus for 2022”, and in other statements regarding the Bank’s objectives and priorities for 2022 and beyond and strategies to achieve them, the regulatory environment in which the Bank operates, the Bank’s anticipated financial performance, and the potential economic, financial and other impacts of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as “will”, “would”, “should”, “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “estimate”, “plan”, “goal”, “target”, “may”, and “could”.

By their very nature, these forward-looking statements require the Bank to make assumptions and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties, general and specific. Especially in light of the uncertainty related to the physical, financial, economic, political, and regulatory environments, such risks and uncertainties – many of which are beyond the Bank’s control and the effects of which can be difficult to predict – may cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements. Risk factors that could cause, individually or in the aggregate, such differences include: strategic, credit, market (including equity, commodity, foreign exchange, interest rate, and credit spreads), operational (including technology, cyber security, and infrastructure), model, insurance, liquidity, capital adequacy, legal, regulatory compliance and conduct, reputational, environmental and social, and other risks. Examples of such risk factors include the economic, financial, and other impacts of pandemics, including the COVID-19 pandemic; general business and economic conditions in the regions in which the Bank operates; geopolitical risk; the ability of the Bank to execute on long-term strategies and shorter-term key strategic priorities, including the successful completion of acquisitions and dispositions, business retention plans, and strategic plans; technology and cyber security risk (including cyber-attacks or data security breaches) on the Bank’s information technology, internet, network access or other voice or data communications systems or services; model risk; fraud activity; the failure of third parties to comply with their obligations to the Bank or its affiliates, including relating to the care and control of information, and other risks arising from the Bank’s use of third-party service providers; the impact of new and changes to, or application of, current laws and regulations, including without limitation tax laws, capital guidelines and liquidity regulatory guidance and the bank recapitalization “bail-in” regime; regulatory oversight and compliance risk; increased competition from incumbents and new entrants (including Fintechs and big technology competitors); shifts in consumer attitudes and disruptive technology; exposure related to significant litigation and regulatory matters; ability of the Bank to attract, develop, and retain key talent; changes to the Bank’s credit ratings; changes in currency and interest rates (including the possibility of negative interest rates); increased funding costs and market volatility due to market illiquidity and competition for funding; Interbank Offered Rate (IBOR) transition risk; critical accounting estimates and changes to accounting standards, policies, and methods used by the Bank; existing and potential international debt crises; environmental and social risk (including climate change); and the occurrence of natural and unnatural catastrophic events and claims resulting from such events. The Bank cautions that the preceding list is not exhaustive of all possible risk factors and other factors could also adversely affect the Bank’s results. For more detailed information, please refer to the “Risk Factors and Management” section of the 2021 MD&A, as may be updated in subsequently filed quarterly reports to shareholders and news releases (as applicable) related to any events or transactions discussed under the heading “Significant Acquisitions” or “Significant and Subsequent Events and Pending Acquisitions” in the relevant MD&A, which applicable releases may be found on www.td.com. All such factors, as well as other uncertainties and potential events, and the inherent uncertainty of forward-

 

- 3 -


looking statements, should be considered carefully when making decisions with respect to the Bank. The Bank cautions readers not to place undue reliance on the Bank’s forward-looking statements.

Material economic assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained in this document are set out in the 2021 MD&A under the headings “Economic Summary and Outlook” and “The Bank’s Response to COVID-19”, for the Canadian Retail, U.S. Retail, and Wholesale Banking segments, “Key Priorities for 2022” and “Operating Environment and Outlook”, and for the Corporate segment, “Focus for 2022”, each as may be updated in subsequently filed quarterly reports to shareholders.

Any forward-looking statements contained in this document represent the views of management only as of the date hereof and are presented for the purpose of assisting the Bank’s shareholders and analysts in understanding the Bank’s financial position, objectives and priorities and anticipated financial performance as at and for the periods ended on the dates presented, and may not be appropriate for other purposes. The Bank does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time by or on its behalf, except as required under applicable securities legislation.

CORPORATE STRUCTURE

Name, Address and Incorporation

The Toronto-Dominion Bank (the “Bank” or “TD”) and its subsidiaries are collectively known as “TD Bank Group”. The Bank, a Schedule 1 chartered bank subject to the provisions of the Bank Act (Canada) (the “Bank Act”), was formed on February 1, 1955 through the amalgamation of The Bank of Toronto (chartered in 1855) and The Dominion Bank (chartered in 1869). The Bank’s head office is located at Toronto-Dominion Centre, King Street West and Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5K 1A2.

Intercorporate Relationships

Information about the intercorporate relationships among the Bank and its principal subsidiaries is provided in Appendix “A” to this AIF.

GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS

Three Year History

The Toronto-Dominion Bank and its subsidiaries are collectively known as TD Bank Group (“TD” or the “Bank”). TD is the fifth largest bank in North America by assets and serves more than 26 million customers in three key businesses operating in a number of locations in financial centres around the globe: Canadian Retail, including TD Canada Trust, TD Auto Finance Canada, TD Wealth (Canada), TD Direct Investing, and TD Insurance; U.S. Retail, including TD Bank, America’s Most Convenient Bank®, TD Auto Finance U.S., TD Wealth (U.S.), and an investment in The Charles Schwab Corporation; and Wholesale Banking, including TD Securities. TD also ranks among the world’s leading online financial services firms, with more than 15 million active online and mobile customers. TD had CDN$1.7 trillion in assets on October 31, 2021. The Toronto-Dominion Bank trades under the symbol “TD” on the Toronto and New York Stock Exchanges.

TD Bank, N.A., operating under the brand name TD Bank, America’s Most Convenient Bank®, is one of the 10 largest banks in the U.S. and provides customers with a full range of financial products and services at more than 1,100 convenient locations located throughout the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, Metro D.C., the Carolinas and Florida. TD Bank, N.A. is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Bank.

For additional information on TD’s businesses, see the descriptions provided below and on pages 3 to 7 and 14 to 26 of the 2021 MD&A.

 

- 4 -


On November 1, 2018, the Bank completed its acquisition of Greystone Capital Management Inc., the parent company of Greystone Managed Investments Inc., a Canadian institutional asset manager based in Regina, Saskatchewan.

On January 10, 2019, the Bank entered into a long-term loyalty program agreement (the “Loyalty Agreement”) with Air Canada. Under the terms of the Loyalty Agreement, the Bank will be the primary credit card issuer for Air Canada’s new loyalty program which launched in November 2020 through to 2030, subject to extension under certain circumstances. The Loyalty Agreement was entered into in conjunction with Air Canada’s acquisition of Aimia Canada Inc., which previously operated the Aeroplan loyalty business, for an aggregate purchase price of $450 million in cash and the assumption of approximately $1.9 billion of Aeroplan Miles liability.

On October 6, 2020, The Charles Schwab Corporation (“Schwab”) completed its acquisition of TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation (“TD Ameritrade”), of which the Bank was a major shareholder (the “Schwab transaction”). Upon closing, the Bank exchanged its approximate 43% ownership in TD Ameritrade for an approximate 13.5% stake in Schwab, consisting of 9.9% voting common shares and the remainder in non-voting common shares, convertible into voting common shares upon transfer to a third party.

The Bank and Schwab are party to a stockholder agreement (the “Stockholder Agreement”), which became effective upon closing of the Schwab transaction. Under the Stockholder Agreement: (i) subject to meeting certain conditions, the Bank has two seats on Schwab’s Board of Directors, which seats are currently held by Mr. Bharat Masrani and Mr. Brian Levitt, (ii) the TD Bank Group is not permitted to own more than 9.9% voting common shares of Schwab, and (iii) the Bank is subject to customary standstill restrictions and, subject to certain exceptions, transfer restrictions.

In addition, on November 25, 2019, the Bank and Schwab entered into an insured deposit account agreement, which became effective upon closing of the Schwab transaction and has an initial expiration date of July 1, 2031.

On May 1, 2021, the Bank completed its acquisition of Wells Fargo’s Canadian direct equipment finance business.

On July 1, 2021, the Bank completed its acquisition of Headlands Tech Global Markets, LLC, a Chicago-based quantitative fixed income trading company.

DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS

Descriptions of TD’s significant business segments and related information are provided on pages 3 and 14 to 26 of the 2021 MD&A.

Investment in The Charles Schwab Corporation

Upon closing of the Schwab transaction on October 6, 2020, the Bank exchanged its approximate 43% ownership in TD Ameritrade for an approximate 13.5% stake in Schwab, consisting of 9.9% voting common shares and the remainder in non-voting common shares, convertible into voting common shares upon transfer to a third party. The Bank owned an approximate 13.41% stake in Schwab as at October 31, 2021.

Schwab is a leading provider of financial services. Through its subsidiaries, Schwab provides a full range of wealth management, securities brokerage, banking, asset management, custody, and financial advisory services to individual investors and independent investment advisors. Schwab is a U.S. publicly-traded company and its common stock is listed on The New York Stock Exchange.

The Bank’s investment in Schwab is subject to a Stockholder Agreement that contains provisions relating to governance, board composition, stock ownership, transfers of shares, voting and other matters.

 

- 5 -


Average Number of Employees

TD had an average of 89,464 full-time equivalent employees for fiscal 2021.

Social and Environmental Policies

The Bank publishes an Environmental, Social and Governance Report outlining the Bank’s social and environmental policies and strategies. This report and other related information is available on the Bank’s website. Additional information about the Bank’s social and environmental policies can be found under “Environmental and Social Risk” on pages 90-91 of the 2021 MD&A, which is incorporated by reference.

Risk Factors

The Bank considers it critical to regularly assess its operating environment and highlight top and emerging risks, which are risks with a potential to have a material effect on the Bank and where the attention of senior leaders is focused due to the potential magnitude or immediacy of their impact. An explanation of the types of risks facing the Bank and its businesses and the ways in which the Bank manages them can be found under the heading “Risk Factors and Management” on pages 52-91 of the 2021 MD&A, which is incorporated by reference.

 

- 6 -


DIVIDENDS

Dividends per Share for the Bank (October 31st year-end)

 

  Type of Shares    2021        2020      2019  

  Common Shares

   $ 3.16        $ 3.11      $ 2.89  
                              

  Class A First Preferred Shares (Non-Viability Contingent Capital)

 

   

Series 1

   $ 0.92        $ 0.92      $ 0.98  
   

Series 3

   $ 0.92        $ 0.92      $ 0.94  
   

Series 5

   $ 0.97        $ 0.96      $ 0.94  
   

Series 7

   $ 0.80        $ 0.88      $ 0.90  
   

Series 9

   $ 0.81        $ 0.93      $ 0.93  
   

Series 111

   $ 0.00        $ 1.23      $ 1.23  
   

Series 122

   $ 0.69        $ 1.38      $ 1.38  
   

Series 143

   $ 1.21        $ 1.21      $ 1.21  
   

Series 16

   $ 1.13        $ 1.13      $ 1.13  
   

Series 18

   $ 1.18        $ 1.18      $ 1.18  
   

Series 20

   $ 1.19        $ 1.19      $ 1.35  
   

Series 22

   $ 1.30        $ 1.30      $ 0.98  
   

Series 24

   $ 1.28        $ 1.28      $ 0.52  
   

Series 264

     –          –        –  
   

Notes:

  1

On October 31, 2020, the Bank redeemed all of its 6,000,000 outstanding Non-Cumulative Class A First Preferred Shares, Series 11 (NVCC).

  2

On April 30, 2021, the Bank redeemed all of its 28,000,000 outstanding Non-Cumulative Class A First Preferred Shares, Series 12 (NVCC).

  3

On October 31, 2021, the Bank redeemed all of its 40,000,000 outstanding Non-Cumulative Class A First Preferred Shares, Series 14 (NVCC).

  4

The Class A First Preferred Shares, Series 26 (NVCC) were issued on July 29, 2021 to a limited recourse trust, in connection with the issuance of limited recourse capital notes. Until revoked, the trustee of the limited recourse trust has waived its right to receive any and all dividends on the Class A First Preferred Shares, Series 26 (NVCC). Until such waiver is revoked by the trustee of the limited recourse trust, no dividends are expected to be declared or paid on the Class A First Preferred Shares, Series 26 (NVCC).

Dividends for Schwab (September 30th year-end)

Schwab declared a US$0.18 per share quarterly cash dividend on its common stock during each quarter of its 2021 fiscal year.

 

- 7 -


Dividend Restrictions

The Bank is prohibited by the Bank Act from declaring dividends on its preferred or common shares if there are reasonable grounds for believing that the Bank is, or the payment would cause the Bank to be, in contravention of the capital adequacy and liquidity regulations of the Bank Act or directions of OSFI. In addition, the ability to pay dividends on common shares without the approval of the holders of the outstanding preferred shares is restricted unless all dividends on the preferred shares have been declared and paid or set apart for payment.

CAPITAL STRUCTURE

The following summarizes certain provisions of the Bank’s common shares, preferred shares and limited recourse capital notes. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the Bank’s by-laws and the actual terms and conditions of such securities. For more information on the Bank’s capital structure, see pages 42 to 49 of the 2021 MD&A and Notes 19, 20 and 21 of the 2021 Financial Statements. The Bank incorporates those pages and Notes herein by reference.

In accordance with capital adequacy requirements adopted by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (Canada) (“OSFI”), in order to qualify as Tier 1 or Tier 2 Capital under Basel III, non-common capital instruments issued by the Bank after January 1, 2013, including Preferred Shares (as defined below) and Subordinated Debentures (Medium Term Notes with NVCC Provisions, defined below), must include a non-viability contingent capital feature (the “NVCC Provisions”), under which they could be converted into a variable number of common shares of the Bank if OSFI announces that the Bank has ceased, or is about to cease, to be viable or if the Bank has accepted or agreed to accept a capital injection or equivalent support from a federal or provincial government in Canada (each, a “trigger event”).

Common Shares

The authorized common share capital of the Bank consists of an unlimited number of common shares without nominal or par value.

Voting Rights

Subject to the restrictions set out under “Constraints” below, holders of common shares are entitled to vote at all meetings of the shareholders of the Bank, except meetings at which only holders of a specified class or series of shares are entitled to vote.

Dividend Rights

The holders of common shares are entitled to receive dividends as and when declared by the Board, subject to the preference of the holders of the Preferred Shares of the Bank.

Rights on Liquidation

After payment to the holders of the Preferred Shares of the Bank of the amount or amounts to which they may be entitled, and after payment of all outstanding debts, the holders of common shares shall be entitled to receive the remaining property of the Bank upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up thereof.

Preferred Shares

The Bank is authorized to issue an unlimited number of Class A First Preferred Shares (the “Preferred Shares”), without nominal or par value.

The Preferred Shares of the Bank may be issued from time to time, in one or more series, with such rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions as the Board may determine.

 

- 8 -


Priority

The Preferred Shares of each series rank on a parity with every other series of Preferred Shares, and all Preferred Shares rank prior to the common shares and to any other shares of the Bank ranking junior to the Preferred Shares with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets in the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Bank, provided that a trigger event has not occurred as contemplated under the NVCC Provisions applicable to a series of Preferred Shares. In the event of a trigger event occurring under the NVCC Provisions, the existing priority of the Preferred Shares of the affected series will not be relevant as all Preferred Shares of such series will be converted into common shares of the Bank and, upon conversion, will rank on a parity with all other common shares of the Bank.

Voting Rights

There are no voting rights attaching to the Preferred Shares except to the extent provided in any series or by the Bank Act. The Bank may not, without the prior approval of the holders of the Preferred Shares, create or issue (i) any shares ranking in priority to or on a parity with the Preferred Shares, or (ii) any additional series of Preferred Shares, unless at the date of such creation or issuance all cumulative dividends and any declared and unpaid non-cumulative dividends shall have been paid or set apart for payment in respect of each series of Preferred Shares then issued and outstanding.

Approval of amendments to the provisions of the Preferred Shares as a class may be given in writing by the holders of all the outstanding Preferred Shares or by a resolution carried by an affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes cast at a meeting at which the holders of a majority of the then outstanding Preferred Shares are present or represented by proxy or, if no quorum is present at such meeting, at an adjourned meeting at which the shareholders then present or represented by proxy may transact the business for which the meeting was originally called.

Rights on Liquidation

In the event of the liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Bank, provided that a trigger event has not occurred as contemplated under the NVCC Provisions applicable to a series of Preferred Shares, before any amounts shall be paid to or any assets distributed among the holders of the common shares or shares of any other class of the Bank ranking junior to the Preferred Shares, the holder of a Preferred Share of a series shall be entitled to receive, to the extent provided for with respect to such Preferred Shares by the conditions attaching to such series: (i) an amount equal to the amount paid up thereon; (ii) such premium, if any, as has been provided for with respect to the Preferred Shares of such series; and (iii) all unpaid cumulative dividends, if any, on such Preferred Shares and, in the case of non-cumulative Preferred Shares, all declared and unpaid non-cumulative dividends. After payment to the holders of the Preferred Shares of the amounts so payable to them, they shall not be entitled to share in any further distribution of the property or assets of the Bank.

Limited Recourse Capital Notes

The Bank currently has outstanding $1,750 million of Limited Recourse Capital Notes NVCC, Series 1 (the “LRCNs”) with recourse limited to assets held in a trust consolidated by the Bank (the “Limited Recourse Trust”). The Limited Recourse Trust’s assets consist of $1,750 million of the Bank’s Non-Cumulative 5-Year Fixed Rate Reset Preferred Shares NVCC, Series 26 (“Preferred Shares Series 26”) at a price of $1,000 per share, issued concurrently with the LRCNs.

In the event of (i) non-payment of interest following any interest payment date, (ii) non-payment of the redemption price in case of a redemption of the LRCNs, (iii) non-payment of principal plus accrued and unpaid interest at the maturity of the LRCNs, (iv) an event of default on the LRCNs, or (v) a Trigger Event (each, a “Recourse Event”), the recourse of each LRCN holder will be limited to that holder’s pro rata

 

- 9 -


share of the Limited Recourse Trust’s assets. A Trigger Event is defined as an event where OSFI determines that the Bank is, or is about to become, non-viable and that after conversion of all non-common capital instruments, the viability of the Bank is expected to be restored, or if the Bank has accepted or agreed to accept a capital injection or equivalent support from a federal or provincial government of Canada without which the Bank would have been determined by OSFI to be non-viable.

The LRCNs, by virtue of the recourse to the Preferred Shares Series 26, include standard NVCC provisions necessary for them to qualify as Additional Tier 1 Capital under OSFI’s Capital Adequacy Requirements guideline. NVCC provisions require the conversion of the instrument into a variable number of common shares upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event. In such an event, each Preferred Share Series 26 held in the Limited Recourse Trust will automatically and immediately be converted into a variable number of common shares which will be delivered to LRCN holders in satisfaction of the principal amount of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, the LRCNs. The number of common shares issued will be determined based on the conversion formula set out in the terms of the Preferred Shares Series 26. The LRCNs are compound instruments with both equity and liability features as payments of interest and principal in cash are made at the Bank’s discretion. Non-payment of interest and principal in cash does not constitute an event of default and will trigger the delivery of Preferred Shares Series 26.

Constraints

There are no constraints imposed on the ownership of securities of the Bank to ensure that the Bank has a required level of Canadian ownership. However, the Bank Act contains restrictions on the issue, transfer, acquisition, beneficial ownership and voting of all shares of a chartered bank. For example, no person shall be a major shareholder of a bank if the bank has equity of $12 billion or more. A person is a major shareholder of a bank where:

(i)    the aggregate of shares of any class of voting shares beneficially owned by that person, by entities controlled by that person and by any person associated or acting jointly or in concert with that person is more than 20% of that class of voting shares; or

(ii)    the aggregate of shares of any class of non-voting shares beneficially owned by that person, by entities controlled by that person and by any person associated or acting jointly or in concert with that person is more than 30% of that class of non-voting shares. No person shall have a significant interest in any class of shares of a bank, including the Bank, unless the person first receives the approval of the Minister of Finance (Canada).

For purposes of the Bank Act, a person has a significant interest in a class of shares of a Canadian chartered bank where the aggregate of any shares of the class beneficially owned by that person, by entities controlled by that person and by any person associated or acting jointly or in concert with that person exceeds 10% of all of the outstanding shares of that class of shares of such bank.

The Bank Act also prohibits the registration of a transfer or issue of any share of the Bank to, and the exercise in person or by proxy of any voting rights attached to any share of the Bank that is beneficially owned by, Her Majesty in right of Canada or of a province or any agent or agency of Her Majesty, in either of those rights, or to the government of a foreign country or any political subdivision thereof, or any agent or agency of a foreign government. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Minister of Finance of Canada may approve the issue of shares of a bank, including the Bank, to an agent that is an “eligible agent”, which is defined as an agent or agency of Her Majesty in right of Canada or of a province or an agent or agency of a government of a foreign country or any political subdivision of a foreign country: (i) whose mandate is publicly available; (ii) that controls the assets of an investment fund in a manner intended to maximize long-term risk-adjusted returns and Her Majesty in right of Canada or of a province or an agent or agency of a government of a foreign country or any political subdivision of a foreign country contributes to the fund or the fund is established to provide compensation, hospitalization, medical care, annuities, pensions or similar benefits to natural persons; and (iii) whose decisions with respect to the assets of the fund referred to in (ii) above are not influenced in any significant way by Her Majesty in right of Canada or of the province or the government of the foreign country or the political subdivision. The application for this approval would be made jointly by the Bank and the eligible agent.

 

- 10 -


Ratings

Credit ratings are important to the Bank’s borrowing costs and ability to raise funds. Rating downgrades could potentially result in higher financing costs and increased collateral pledging requirements for the Bank and reduced access to capital markets. Rating downgrades may also affect the Bank’s ability to enter into normal course derivative transactions. The Bank regularly reviews the level of increased collateral that would be required in the event of rating downgrades and holds liquid assets to cover additional collateral required in the event of certain downgrades in the Bank’s senior long-term credit ratings. Additional information relating to credit ratings is provided under the heading “Liquidity Risk” in the “Managing Risk” section starting on pages 77 to 87 of the 2021 MD&A.

As at October 31, 2021, The Toronto-Dominion Bank (TD) had the following solicited ratings from the rating agencies listed below:

 

    Rating          Rank*        

Moody’s Investor Service

  Legacy Senior Debt1 Aa2 3 of 21
  Senior Debt2 A1 5 of 21
  Short Term Debt P-1 1 of 4
  Subordinated Debt A2 6 of 21
  Subordinated Debt–NVCC A2 (hyb) 6 of 21
  Preferred Shares–NVCC Baa1 (hyb) 8 of 21
  Limited Recourse Capital Notes–NVCC Baa1 (hyb) 8 of 21
  Outlook Stable

                             

    Rating Rank*

Standard & Poor’s

  Legacy Senior Debt1 AA- 4 of 22
  Senior Debt2 A 6 of 22
  Short Term Debt A-1+ 1 of 8
  Subordinated Debt A 6 of 22
  Subordinated Debt–NVCC A- 7 of 22
  Preferred Shares–NVCC BBB 9 of 22
  Limited Recourse Capital Notes–NVCC BBB 9 of 22
  Outlook Stable

                             

    Rating          Rank*        

DBRS

  Legacy Senior Debt1 AA (high) 2 of 26
  Senior Debt2 AA 3 of 26
  Short Term Debt R-1 (high) 1 of 10
  Subordinated Debt AA (low) 4 of 26
  Subordinated Debt–NVCC A 6 of 26
  Preferred Shares–NVCC Pfd-2 (high) 4 of 16
  Limited Recourse Capital Notes–NVCC A (low) 7 of 26
  Outlook Stable

  * Relative rank of each rating within the rating agency’s overall classification system.

 

- 11 -


Notes:

  1.

Includes: (a) Senior debt issued prior to September 23, 2018; and (b) Senior debt issued on or after September 23, 2018 which is excluded from the bank recapitalization “bail-in” regime, including debt with an original term to maturity of less than 400 days and most structured notes.

  2.

Subject to conversion under the bank recapitalization “bail-in” regime.

Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) continues to provide unsolicited ratings for TD; however, TD does participate in the ratings process. As of October 31, 2021, Fitch rated TD senior unsecured long-term debt at ‘AA-’ (ranking 4 of 23), short-term rating of ‘F1+’ (ranking 1 of 8), subordinated long-term debt at ‘A’ (ranking of 6 of 23), and a ‘Stable’ outlook.

Credit ratings are not recommendations to purchase, sell or hold a financial obligation in as much as they do not comment on market price or suitability for a particular investor. Ratings are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating agency. Credit ratings and outlooks provided by the rating agencies reflect their views and are subject to change from time to time, based on a number of factors, including the Bank’s financial strength, competitive position and liquidity as well as factors not entirely within the Bank’s control, including the methodologies used by the rating agencies and conditions affecting the financial services industry generally.

As is common practice, the Bank has made payments in the ordinary course to the rating agencies listed above in connection with the assignment of ratings on the securities of the Bank. In addition, the Bank has made customary payments in respect of certain other services provided to the Bank by the applicable rating agencies during the last two years.

A definition of the categories of each rating as at October 31, 2021 has been obtained from the respective rating agency’s website and is outlined in Appendix B, and a more detailed explanation may be obtained from the applicable rating agency. We note that the definition of the ratings categories for the respective rating agencies are provided solely in order to satisfy requirements of Canadian law and do not constitute an endorsement by the Bank of the ratings categories or of the application by the respective rating agencies of their criteria and analyses.

 

- 12 -


MARKET FOR SECURITIES OF THE BANK

Market Listings

The Bank’s common shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange. Except for the Class A First Preferred Shares, Series 26 (NVCC), which are not listed on an exchange, the Bank’s Preferred Shares are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Trading Price and Volume

Trading price and volume of the Bank’s securities on the Toronto Stock Exchange in the past year is set out in the tables below:

 

 

COMMON SHARES

 

     

 

Nov.
2020

 

  

Dec.
2020

 

  

Jan.
2021

 

  

Feb.
2021

 

  

March
2021

 

  

April
2021

 

  

May
2021

 

  

June
2021

 

  

July
2021

 

  

Aug.
2021

 

  

Sept.
2021

 

  

Oct.
2021

 

                         

High ($)

   71.55    72.62    76.05    79.94    83.65    85.51    89.12    88.56    87.70    86.80    85.45    90.70

Low ($)

   58.56    70.25    71.65    72.39    77.64    81.70    83.40    86.59    81.34    81.91    80.68    84.05

Vol.(‘000)  

   116,134      107,338      164,019      89,124      157,737      146,416      86,268      87,335      132,398      66,680      89,535      162,749  

 

 

Class A First Preferred Shares (Non-Viability Contingent Capital)

 

                         
     

Nov.
2020

 

  

Dec.
2020

 

  

Jan.
2021

 

  

Feb.
2021

 

  

March
2021

 

  

April
2021

 

  

May
2021

 

  

June
2021

 

  

July
2021

 

  

Aug.
2021

 

  

Sept.
2021

 

  

Oct.
2021

 

                         

Series 1

High ($)

Low ($)

Vol.(‘000)

   19.50

17.68  

341

   20.87

19.40  

974

   21.20  

20.55

429

   23.06  

21.07

431

   23.20  

22.46

1,182

   23.15  

22.52

426

   23.99  

23.05

198

   24.30  

23.41

410

   24.00  

23.44

179

   24.25  

23.54

125

   24.49  

23.90

501

   24.66  

24.02

467

                         

Series 3

High ($)

Low ($)

Vol.(‘000)

   19.50

17.64

327

   20.67

19.40

1,347

   21.20

20.34

237

   22.95

20.97

276

   23.15

22.42

407

   23.13

22.40

383

   23.94

23.11

377

   24.43

23.42

171

   23.93

23.50

170

   24.25

23.50

174

   24.49

23.90

103

   24.84

24.11

146

                         

Series 5

High ($)

Low ($)

Vol.(‘000)

   20.21

18.22

252

   20.99

19.90

381

   21.25

20.34

251

   22.88

21.06

353

   23.30

22.42

474

   23.44

22.55

432

   24.00

23.33

223

   24.40

23.40

206

   24.00

23.61

169

   24.40

23.65

242

   24.82

24.06

264

   24.75

24.35

404

                         

Series 7

High ($)

Low ($)

Vol.(‘000)

   20.57

19.45

69

   22.48

20.55

379

   22.89

22.35

84

   23.87

22.62

685

   24.24

23.67

174

   24.22

23.51

129

   24.60

23.80

542

   24.80

23.90

144

   24.56

23.85

115

   25.06

24.22

297

   25.09

24.56

160

   25.20

24.77

228

                         

Series 9

High ($)

Low ($)

Vol.(‘000)

   21.40

20.18

41

   23.48

21.06

56

   23.50

22.87

52

   24.00

23.11

347

   24.25

23.50

107

   24.34

23.56

78

   24.75

24.11

153

   24.87

23.39

191

   24.61

23.95

82

   25.27

24.43

93

   25.19

24.82

62

   25.28

24.95

73

                         

Series 121

High ($)

Low ($)

Vol.(‘000)

   25.49

25.27

856

   25.60

25.40

897

   25.59

25.15

695

   25.36

25.19

792

   25.35

25.23

1,183

   25.38

24.97

713

   —  

 

   —  

 

   —  

 

   —  

 

   —  

 

   —  

 

                         

Series 142

High ($)

Low ($)

Vol.(‘000)

   25.65

25.00

435

   25.77

25.44

637

   25.80

25.15

911

   25.61

25.42

746

   25.75

25.47

1,326

   25.75

25.30

520

   25.49

25.34

2,174

   25.61

25.38

416

   25.54

25.17

377

   25.31

25.20

517

   25.30

25.23

526

   25.30

24.98

438

 

- 13 -


 

Class A First Preferred Shares (Non-Viability Contingent Capital)

 

                         
     

Nov.
2020

 

  

Dec.
2020

 

  

Jan.
2021

 

  

Feb.
2021

 

  

March
2021

 

  

April
2021

 

  

May
2021

 

  

June
2021

 

  

July
2021

 

  

Aug.
2021

 

  

Sept.
2021

 

  

Oct.
2021

 

                         

Series 16

High ($)

Low ($)

Vol.(‘000)

   23.95  

22.08

99

   24.48  

23.51

308

   24.71  

23.74

287

   24.95  

24.50

336

   24.45  

24.55

355

   25.58  

24.91

242

   26.00  

25.13

146

   26.09  

25.27

196

   25.89  

25.36

117

   26.04  

25.42

133

   25.79  

25.43

69

   26.04  

25.55

123

                         

Series 18

High ($)

Low ($)

Vol.(‘000)

   21.27

20.35

585

   23.06

21.25

254

   23.40

22.79

669

   24.44

23.00

292

   24.92

24.25

383

   25.10

24.53

239

   25.48

24.85

162

   25.88

25.10

60

   25.47

24.75

85

   26.01

25.23

104

   25.94

25.31

199

   25.75

25.23

144

                         

Series 20

High ($)

Low ($)

Vol.(‘000)

   21.30

19.90

107

   22.98

21.20

191

   22.82

22.13

404

   24.14

22.70

401

   24.59

23.90

292

   24.84

24.10

373

   25.20

24.72

284

   25.39

25.00

221

   25.53

24.64

277

   25.93

25.03

250

   25.70

25.12

131

   25.66

25.14

130

                         

Series 22

High ($)

Low ($)

Vol.(‘000)

   25.20

24.28

155

   25.35

24.95

233

   25.59

25.11

395

   25.72

25.25

166

   26.19

25.30

186

   26.29

25.79

474

   26.83

25.99

270

   27.00

26.02

126

   26.84

25.89

134

   27.01

26.27

105

   26.88

26.25

133

   27.07

26.35

129

                         

Series 24

High ($)

Low ($)

Vol.(‘000)

   25.40

24.78

172

   25.72

25.20

452

   26.05

25.36

165

   26.15

25.60

115

   26.64

25.78

445

   26.31

25.79

339

   27.14

26.19

562

   27.20

26.40

166

   27.12

25.86

122

   27.33

26.59

124

   27.33

26.61

193

   27.38

26.80

140

Notes:

1.

On April 30, 2021, the Bank redeemed all of its 28,000,000 outstanding Non-Cumulative Class A First Preferred Shares, Series 12 (NVCC).

2.

On October 31, 2021, the Bank redeemed all of its 40,000,000 outstanding Non-Cumulative Class A First Preferred Shares, Series 14 (NVCC).

Prior Sales

In the most recently completed financial year, the Bank did not issue any shares that are not listed or quoted on a marketplace. For information on the Bank’s issuance of subordinated debentures and limited recourse capital notes since October 31, 2020, please see Notes 19 and 20 of the Annual Financial Statements for the year ended October 31, 2021, which notes are incorporated by reference in this AIF.

ESCROWED SECURITIES AND SECURITIES SUBJECT TO CONTRACTUAL RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER

 

Designation of class   Number of securities held in escrow or that are
subject to a contractual restriction on transfer
as at October 31, 2021
  Percentage of class
Common Shares1  

86,339

 

0.004%

Class A First Preferred Shares, Series 26 (NVCC)2  

1,750,000

  100% of the Class A First Preferred Shares, Series 26 (NVCC)

 

1 On November 1, 2018, the Bank acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Greystone Capital Management Inc. (GCMI), the parent company of Greystone Managed Investments Inc. (Greystone). In connection therewith, TD common shares were issued to employee shareholders to satisfy a portion of the purchase price and to replace share-based awards. A portion of the common shares of each employee shareholder intended to replace share based awards were held in escrow for a period of three years following the acquisition date, subject to the continued employment of such employee shareholder. On November 1, 2021, the remaining 86,339 common shares that were held in escrow as of October 31, 2021 were released from escrow and delivered to the applicable shareholders. AST Trust Company (Canada) acted as Escrow Agent.

2 The Class A First Preferred Shares, Series 26 (NVCC) are held in a limited recourse trust and are restricted from being transferred except to satisfy the recourse of the holders of the Limited Recourse Capital Notes in the event of a Recourse Event.

 

- 14 -


DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

Directors and Board Committees of the Bank

The following table sets forth, as at December 1, 2021, the directors of the Bank, their present principal occupation and business, municipality of residence and the date each became a director of the Bank.

 

Director Name

Principal Occupation & Municipality of Residence

   Director Since    

Cherie L. Brant
Partner, Borden Ladner Gervais LLP
Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory, Ontario, Canada

   August 2021    
 

Amy W. Brinkley
Consultant, AWB Consulting, LLC
Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S.A.

   September 2010    
 

Brian C. Ferguson
Corporate Director, and former President & Chief Executive Officer,
Cenovus Energy Inc.
Calgary, Alberta, Canada

   March 2015    
 

Colleen A. Goggins
Corporate Director, and retired Worldwide Chairman,
Consumer Group, Johnson & Johnson
Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.A.

   March 2012    
 

Jean-René Halde

Corporate Director, and retired President and Chief Executive Officer

Business Development Bank of Canada

Saint-Laurent, Quebec, Canada

   December 2015    
 

David E. Kepler
Corporate Director, and retired Executive Vice President,

The Dow Chemical Company
Sanford, Michigan, U.S.A.

   December 2013    
 

Brian M. Levitt
Board Chair, The Toronto-Dominion Bank

Kingston, Ontario, Canada

   December 2008    
 

Alan N. MacGibbon
Corporate Director, and retired Managing Partner and Chief Executive of

Deloitte LLP (Canada)
Oakville, Ontario, Canada

   April 2014    
 

Karen E. Maidment
Corporate Director, and former Chief Financial and
Administrative Officer, BMO Financial Group
Cambridge, Ontario, Canada

   September 2011    

 

- 15 -


Director Name

Principal Occupation & Municipality of Residence

   Director Since    

Bharat B. Masrani
Group President and Chief Executive Officer,
The Toronto-Dominion Bank
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

   April 2014    
 

Irene R. Miller
Chief Executive Officer, Akim, Inc.
New York, New York, U.S.A.

   May 2006    
 

Nadir H. Mohamed
Corporate Director, and former President and Chief Executive Officer,
Rogers Communications Inc.
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

   April 2008    
 

Claude Mongeau

Corporate Director, and former President and Chief Executive Officer,

Canadian National Railway Company

Montreal, Quebec, Canada

   March 2015    
 

Joseph M. Natale

Corporate Director, and former President and Chief Executive Officer,

Rogers Communications Inc.

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

   April 2021    
 

S. Jane Rowe

Vice Chair, Investments, Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan Board

Toronto, Ontario, Canada

   April 2020    

Except as disclosed below, all directors have had the same principal occupation for the past five years.

Mr. Ferguson was President & Chief Executive Officer of Cenovus Energy Inc. prior to November 3, 2017. Mr. Natale was President and Chief Executive Officer of Rogers Communications Inc. from April 19, 2017 until November 16, 2021. Ms. Rowe was Executive Managing Director and head of the Equities department of the Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan Board prior to October 1, 2020.

Each director will hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders of the Bank, which is scheduled for April 14, 2022. Information concerning the nominees proposed for election as directors at the meeting will be contained in the management proxy circular of the Bank in respect of the meeting.

 

- 16 -


The following table sets forth the Committees of the Bank’s Board, the members of each Committee as at December 1, 2021 and each Committee’s key responsibilities.

 

Committee    Members    Key Responsibilities
Corporate Governance Committee   

Brian M. Levitt (Chair)

Amy W. Brinkley

Karen E. Maidment

Alan N. MacGibbon

  

Responsibility for corporate governance of the Bank:

 

•  Identify individuals qualified to become Board members and recommend to the Board the director nominees for the next annual meeting of shareholders and recommend candidates to fill vacancies on the Board that occur between meetings of the shareholders;

•  Develop and recommend to the Board a set of corporate governance principles, including a code of conduct and ethics, aimed at fostering a healthy governance culture at the Bank;

•  Satisfy itself that the Bank communicates effectively, both proactively and responsively, with its shareholders, other interested parties and the public;

•  Oversee the Bank’s alignment with its purpose and its strategy, performance and reporting on corporate responsibility for environmental and social matters;

•  Provide oversight of enterprise-wide conduct risk and act as the conduct review committee for the Bank and certain of its Canadian subsidiaries that are federally-regulated financial institutions; and

•  Oversee the evaluation of the Board and Committees.

   
Human Resources Committee   

Karen E. Maidment (Chair)

Amy W. Brinkley

David E. Kepler

Brian M. Levitt

Nadir H. Mohamed

  

Responsibility for management’s performance evaluation, compensation and succession planning:

 

•  Discharge, and assist the Board in discharging, the responsibility of the Board relating to leadership, human capital management and compensation, as set out in the Committee’s charter;

•  Set corporate goals and objectives for the CEO, and regularly measure the CEO’s performance against these goals and objectives;

•  Recommend compensation for the CEO to the Board for approval, and review and approve compensation for certain senior officers;

•  Monitor the Bank’s compensation strategy, plans, policies and practices for alignment to the Financial Stability Board Principles for Sound Compensation Practices and Implementation Standards, including the appropriate consideration of risk;

•  Oversee a robust talent planning and development process, including review and approval of the succession plans for the senior officer positions and heads of control functions;

•  Review and recommend the CEO succession plan to the Board for approval;

•  Produce a report on compensation, which is published in the Bank’s annual proxy circular, and review, as

 

- 17 -


Committee    Members    Key Responsibilities
         

appropriate, any other related major public disclosures concerning compensation; and

•  Oversee the strategy, design and management of the Bank’s employee pension, retirement savings and benefit plans.

   
Risk Committee   

Amy W. Brinkley (Chair)

Cherie L. Brant

Colleen A. Goggins

David E. Kepler

Alan N. MacGibbon

Karen E. Maidment

  

Supervising the management of risk of the Bank:

 

•  Approve the Enterprise Risk Framework (“ERF”) and related risk category frameworks and policies that establish the appropriate approval levels for decisions and other measures to manage risk to which the Bank is exposed;

•  Review and recommend the Bank’s Enterprise Risk Appetite Statement for approval by the Board and oversee the Bank’s major risks as set out in the ERF;

•  Review the Bank’s risk profile and performance against Risk Appetite; and

•  Provide a forum for “big-picture” analysis of an enterprise view of risk including considering trends, and current and emerging risks.

   
Audit Committee   

Alan N. MacGibbon* (Chair)

Brian C. Ferguson*

Jean-René Halde

Irene R. Miller*

Claude Mongeau*

S. Jane Rowe*

  

Supervising the quality and integrity of the Bank’s financial reporting and compliance requirements:

 

•  Oversee reliable, accurate and clear financial reporting to shareholders;

•  Oversee the effectiveness of internal controls, including internal controls over financial reporting;

•  Directly responsible for the selection, compensation, retention and oversight of the work of the shareholders’ auditor – the shareholders’ auditor reports directly to the Committee;

•  Receive reports from the shareholders’ auditor, chief financial officer, chief auditor, chief compliance officer, and global chief anti-money laundering officer, and evaluate the effectiveness and independence of each;

•  Oversee the establishment and maintenance of policies and programs reasonably designed to achieve and maintain the Bank’s compliance with the laws and regulations that apply to it; and

•  Act as the Audit Committee for certain subsidiaries of the Bank that are federally-regulated financial institutions.

 

*

Designated Audit Committee Financial Expert

 

- 18 -


Audit Committee

The Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Bank operates under a written charter that sets out its responsibilities and composition requirements. A copy of the charter is attached to this AIF as Appendix “C”. The Committee charter requires all members to be financially literate or be willing and able to acquire the necessary knowledge quickly. “Financially literate” means the ability to read and understand financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of the issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the Bank’s financial statements.

In addition, the Committee charter contains independence requirements applicable to each member and each member currently meets those requirements. Specifically, the charter provides that no member of the Committee may be an officer or retired officer of the Bank and every member shall be independent of the Bank within the meaning of all applicable laws, rules and regulations, including those particularly applicable to Audit Committee members and any other relevant consideration as determined by the Board, including the Bank’s Director Independence Policy (a copy of which is available on the Bank’s website at www.td.com).

As indicated in the table above, the members of the Committee are: Alan N. MacGibbon (Chair), Brian C. Ferguson, Jean-René Halde, Irene R. Miller, Claude Mongeau and S. Jane Rowe. The members of the Audit Committee bring significant skill and experience to their responsibilities, including academic and professional experience in accounting, business and finance. The Board has determined that each of Messrs. Ferguson, MacGibbon and Mongeau and Mses. Miller and Rowe has the attributes of an Audit Committee financial expert as defined in the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act; all Committee members are financially literate and independent under the applicable listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange, the Committee charter, the Bank’s Director Independence Policy and the corporate governance guidelines of the Canadian Securities Administrators.

The following sets out the education and experience of each director relevant to the performance of his or her duties as a member of the Committee:

Brian C. Ferguson is a Corporate Director. He is the former President & Chief Executive Officer of Cenovus Energy Inc. Prior to leading Cenovus Energy Inc., Mr. Ferguson was the Executive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer of Encana Corporation. Mr. Ferguson holds an undergraduate degree in commerce from the University of Alberta and is a Fellow of Chartered Professional Accountants Alberta. Mr. Ferguson serves as Chair of the Audit Committee of Trans Mountain Corporation. Mr. Ferguson is one of the Bank’s Audit Committee financial experts.

Jean-René Halde is a Corporate Director. He was the President and Chief Executive Officer of the Business Development Bank of Canada from June 2005 to June 2015. Prior to June 2005, Mr. Halde held Chief Executive Officer positions at several leading companies, including Metro-Richelieu Inc., Culinar Inc., and Livingston Group Inc. Mr. Halde holds a master’s degree in Economics from the University of Western Ontario and a master’s degree in business administration from the Harvard Business School.

Alan N. MacGibbon is Chair of the Bank’s Audit Committee. Mr. MacGibbon is a Corporate Director. He was Managing Partner and Chief Executive of Deloitte LLP (Canada) from 2004 to June 2012 and also served as Global Managing Director, Quality, Strategy and Communications of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Limited from June 2011 to September 2013 and Senior Counsel to Deloitte LLP (Canada) from June 2012 to December 2013. Mr. MacGibbon currently serves as Chair of the Audit Committee of each of TD Bank US Holding Company (the holding company of TD Bank, N.A. and TD Bank USA, N.A.), and a member of the Audit Committee of CAE, Inc. Mr. MacGibbon holds an undergraduate degree in business administration and an honorary doctorate degree from the University of New Brunswick. He is a Chartered Professional Accountant, a Chartered Accountant, and a Fellow of the Chartered Professional Accountants Ontario. Mr. MacGibbon is one of the Bank’s Audit Committee financial experts.

Irene R. Miller is the Chief Executive Officer of Akim, Inc. Until June 1997, Ms. Miller was Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer of Barnes & Noble, Inc. Prior to joining Barnes & Noble, Inc. in 1991, she held

 

- 19 -


senior investment banking and corporate finance positions with Morgan Stanley & Co. and Rothschild Inc., respectively. Ms. Miller previously served as Chair of the Audit Committee of the boards of Inditex, S.A., Coach, Inc., Oakley, Inc., The Body Shop International plc, and Benckiser N.V. Ms. Miller holds an undergraduate degree in science from the University of Toronto and a master of science degree in chemistry and chemical engineering from Cornell University. Ms. Miller is one of the Bank’s Audit Committee financial experts.

Claude Mongeau is a Corporate Director. He is the former President and Chief Executive Officer of Canadian National Railway Company. Prior to leading Canadian National Railway Company, Mr. Mongeau was the company’s Executive Vice-President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Mongeau serves as Chair of the Audit Committee of Cenovus Energy Inc., and is a member of the Safety, Environment, Responsibility and Reserves Committee of Cenovus Energy Inc. and the Finance and Risk Management, Safety, and the Compensation Committees of Norfolk Southern Corporation. Mr. Mongeau holds an undergraduate degree in psychology from the Université du Québec à Montréal and a master’s degree in business administration from McGill University. Mr. Mongeau is one of the Bank’s Audit Committee financial experts.

S. Jane Rowe is the Vice Chair, Investments, Ontario Teachers’ Pension Plan (“Ontario Teachers”) and was formerly the Executive Managing Director, Equities, Ontario Teachers. Prior to joining Ontario Teachers in 2010, Ms. Rowe held several senior investment banking and executive finance positions at Scotiabank. Ms. Rowe previously served as Chair of the Audit Committee of Sierra Wireless. Ms. Rowe holds an undergraduate degree in commerce from the Memorial University of Newfoundland and a master’s degree in business administration from the Schulich School of Business, York University. Ms. Rowe is one of the Bank’s Audit Committee financial experts.

Additional Information Regarding the Audit Committee and Shareholders’ Auditor

The Audit Committee oversees the financial reporting process at the Bank, including the work of the shareholder’s independent external auditor, currently Ernst & Young LLP (“EY”). EY is responsible for planning and carrying out, in accordance with professional standards, an audit of the Bank’s annual financial statements and reviews of the Bank’s quarterly financial statements.

The Audit Committee is responsible for the annual recommendation of the appointment and oversight of the shareholders’ independent external auditor. The Audit Committee assesses the performance and qualification of the shareholders’ auditor and submits its recommendation for appointment, or reappointment, to the Board for recommendation to the shareholders. The shareholders’ auditor is then appointed by the shareholders, who vote on this matter at the Annual General Meeting.

At least annually, the Audit Committee evaluates the performance, qualifications, skills, resources (amount and type), and independence of the shareholders’ auditor, including the lead partner, in order to support the Board in reaching its recommendation to appoint the shareholders’ auditor. This annual evaluation includes an assessment of audit quality and service considerations such as: auditor independence, objectivity and professional skepticism; quality of the engagement team; monitoring of the partner rotation timing; and quality of the communication and service provided by the shareholders’ auditor. In the evaluation, the Audit Committee considers the nature and extent of communications received from the shareholders’ auditor during the year, the responses from management and the Audit Committee to an annual questionnaire regarding the performance of, and interactions with, the shareholders’ auditor.

EY was appointed as the shareholders’ independent external auditor for the year ended October 31, 2021, in accordance with the Bank Act and the recommendation by the Audit Committee and has been the Bank’s sole independent external auditor beginning with the year ended October 31, 2006. Prior to 2006, EY acted as joint auditors of the Bank.

 

- 20 -


Executive Officers of the Bank

As at December 1, 2021, the following individuals are executive officers of the Bank:

 

  Executive Officer   Principal Occupation    Municipality of
Residence

  Riaz Ahmed

  Group Head, Wholesale Banking, TD Bank Group and President and CEO, TD Securities    Oakville, Ontario,
Canada

  Ajai K. Bambawale        

  Group Head and Chief Risk Officer, TD Bank Group    Toronto, Ontario,
Canada

  Greg Braca1

  Group Head, U.S. Retail, TD Bank Group and President and Chief Executive Officer, TD Bank, America’s Most Convenient Bank®    Orangeburg, New York,
U.S.A.

  Norie C. Campbell

  Group Head and General Counsel, TD Bank Group    Toronto, Ontario,
Canada

  Theresa L. Currie1

  Group Head, Canadian Personal Banking, TD Bank Group    Toronto, Ontario,
Canada

  Paul C. Douglas

  Group Head, Canadian Business Banking, TD Bank Group    Burlington, Ontario,
Canada

  Barbara Hooper

  Senior Executive Vice President, Treasury, Corporate Development, Strategic Sourcing and Real Estate    Etobicoke, Ontario,
Canada

  Kenn Lalonde

  Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer, TD Bank Group    Toronto, Ontario,
Canada

  Bharat B. Masrani

  Group President and Chief Executive Officer, TD Bank Group    Toronto, Ontario,
Canada

  Christine Morris

  Senior Executive Vice President, Enterprise Transformation, Enablement and Customer Experience    Etobicoke, Ontario,
Canada

  Michael G. Rhodes1

  Group Head, Innovation, Technology and Shared Services, TD Bank Group    Wilmington, Delaware,
U.S.A.

  Leovigildo Salom1

  Group Head, Wealth Management and TD Insurance, TD Bank Group    Toronto, Ontario,
Canada

  Kelvin Tran

  Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer    Toronto, Ontario,
Canada

 

1.

On October 28, 2021, the Bank announced the following changes to its executive officers, effective January 1, 2022: Michael Rhodes will become Group Head, Canadian Personal Banking, succeeding Theresa Currie who will retire on January 31, 2022; Leo Salom will become Group Head U.S. Retail, TD Bank Group & President and CEO, TD Bank, America’s Most Convenient Bank®, succeeding Greg Braca who will become Vice-Chair of TD Bank in the U.S.; Raymond Chun will become Group Head, Wealth and Insurance, succeeding Leo Salom; and Greg Keeley will become Senior Executive Vice President, Technology and Platforms.

Except as disclosed below, all executive officers have had the same principal occupation for the past five years.

Prior to commencing his current role as Group Head, Wholesale Banking, TD Bank Group and President and CEO, TD Securities on September 1, 2021, Mr. Ahmed was Group Head and Chief Financial Officer, TD Bank Group from January 2, 2016 until August 31, 2021.

 

- 21 -


Prior to commencing his current role as Group Head and Chief Risk Officer, TD Bank Group on February 1, 2018, Mr. Bambawale was Executive Vice President, TD Bank Group, and Chief Risk Officer, TD Bank, America’s Most Convenient Bank® from September 18, 2014 to January 31, 2018.

Prior to commencing his current role as Group Head, U.S. Retail, TD Bank Group and President and Chief Executive Officer, TD Bank, America’s Most Convenient Bank® on November 1, 2017, Mr. Braca was Executive Vice President, TD Bank Group and President and Chief Executive Officer, TD Bank, America’s Most Convenient Bank® from June 1, 2017 to October 31, 2017, and Executive Vice President, TD Bank Group and Chief Operating Officer, TD Bank, America’s Most Convenient Bank® from November 1, 2016 to May 31, 2017.

Prior to commencing her current role as Group Head and General Counsel, TD Bank Group on March 20, 2020, Ms. Campbell was Group Head, Customer and Colleague Experience, TD Bank Group from November 1, 2017 to March 19, 2020, Group Head and Chief General Counsel, TD Bank Group from December 12, 2016 to October 31, 2017, and Group Head and General Counsel (formerly known as Group Head Legal, Compliance, Anti-Money Laundering, Financial Crimes and Fraud Management, Enterprise Projects and General Counsel, TD Bank Group) from November 1, 2014 to December 11, 2016.

Prior to commencing her current role as Senior Executive Vice President, Treasury, Corporate Development, Strategic Sourcing and Real Estate on September 1, 2021, Ms. Hooper was Executive Vice President, Treasury, Corporate Development and Strategic Sourcing from January 23, 2017 to August 31, 2021, and Senior Vice President, Treasury and Balance Sheet Management and Corporate Development from June 27, 2016 to January 22, 2017.

Prior to commencing his current role as Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer on May 27, 2021, Mr. Lalonde was Executive Vice President, Human Resources from May 27, 2019 to May 26, 2021, and President and CEO of TD Insurance from September 17, 2012 to May 26, 2019.

Prior to starting her current role as Senior Executive Vice President, Enterprise Transformation, Enablement and Customer Experience on September 1, 2021, Ms. Morris was Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, Canadian Personal Banking from April 1, 2020 to August 31, 2021, Executive Vice President, Lending Solutions, Canadian Personal Banking from September 16, 2019 to March 31, 2020, and Senior Vice President, Real Estate Secured Lending, Personal Banking Products, Canadian Personal Banking from June 27, 2016 to September 15, 2019.

Prior to commencing his current role as Group Head, Innovation, Technology and Shared Services, TD Bank Group on November 1, 2017, Mr. Rhodes was Executive Vice President, TD Bank Group and Head of Consumer Banking, TD Bank, America’s Most Convenient Bank® from July 6, 2015 to October 31, 2017.

Prior to commencing his current role as Group Head, Wealth Management and TD Insurance, TD Bank Group on November 1, 2017, Mr. Salom was Executive Vice President, Wealth Management, TD Bank Group from August 2, 2011 to October 31, 2017.

Prior to commencing his current role as Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer on September 1, 2021, Mr. Tran was Executive Vice President, Enterprise Finance from March 29, 2021 until August 31, 2021, Senior Vice President, TD Bank Group and Chief Financial Officer, TD Bank, America’s Most Convenient Bank® from July 28, 2020 to March 28, 2021, and Senior Vice President and Chief Auditor from November 29, 2017 to July 27, 2020.

 

- 22 -


Shareholdings of Directors and Executive Officers

To the knowledge of the Bank, as at October 31, 2021, the directors and executive officers of the Bank as a group beneficially owned, directly or indirectly, or exercised control or direction over an aggregate of 1,659,900 of the Bank’s common shares, representing approximately 0.09% of the Bank’s issued and outstanding common shares on that date.

Additional Disclosure for Directors and Executive Officers

To the best of our knowledge, having made due inquiry, the Bank confirms that, as at December 1, 2021, except as set out below:

 

(i)

no director or executive officer of the Bank is, or was within the last ten years, a director or officer of a company (including the Bank) that:

 

  (a)

was subject to an order (including a cease trade order or an order similar to a cease trade or an order that denied the relevant company access to any exemption under securities legislation for a period of more than 30 consecutive days), that was issued while the director or executive officer was acting in the capacity as director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer;

 

  (b)

was subject to an order that was issued after the director or executive officer ceased to be a director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer and which resulted from an event that occurred while that person was acting in the capacity as director, chief executive officer or chief financial officer; or

 

  (c)

within a year of the person ceasing to act in that capacity, became bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency or was subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold its assets.

 

(ii)

in the last ten years, no director or executive officer of the Bank has become bankrupt, made a proposal under any legislation relating to bankruptcy or insolvency, or become subject to or instituted any proceedings, arrangement or compromise with creditors, or had a receiver, receiver manager or trustee appointed to hold the assets of the director or executive officer; and

 

(iii)

no director or executive officer of the Bank has been subject to any penalties or sanctions imposed by a court relating to securities legislation or by a securities regulatory authority or has entered into a settlement agreement with a securities regulatory authority or has been subject to any other penalties or sanctions imposed by a court or regulatory body that would likely be considered important to a reasonable investor in making an investment decision.

Ms. Goggins was, prior to June 14, 2016, a director of Valeant Pharmaceuticals International, Inc. (“Valeant”). Management cease trade orders were issued for directors and officers of Valeant by the Autorité des marchés financiers (Quebec) while Ms. Goggins was a director of Valeant. These orders were effective from March 31, 2016 to April 29, 2016, and from May 17, 2016 to June 8, 2016.

Pre-Approval Policies and Shareholders’ Auditor Service Fees

The Bank’s Audit Committee has implemented a policy restricting the services that may be performed by the shareholders’ independent external auditor. The policy provides detailed guidance to management as to the specific services that are eligible for Audit Committee pre-approval. By law, the shareholders’ auditor may not provide certain services to the Bank or its subsidiaries.

The types of services to be performed by the shareholders’ auditor, together with the maximum amount of fees that may be paid for such services, must be annually pre-approved by the Audit Committee pursuant to the policy. The policy also provides that the Audit Committee will, on a quarterly basis, receive a year-

 

- 23 -


to-date report of fees paid or payable to the shareholders’ auditor for services performed, as well as details of any proposed engagements for consideration and, if necessary pre-approval, by the Audit Committee. In making its determination regarding the services to be performed by the shareholders’ auditor, the Audit Committee considers compliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements and guidance, and with the policy, as well as whether the provision of the services could negatively impact auditor independence. This includes considering whether the provision of the services would place the auditor in a position to audit its own work, place the auditor in an advocacy role on behalf of the Bank, or result in the auditor acting in the role of the Bank’s management.

Fees paid to EY, the Bank’s current shareholders’ independent external auditor, by category of fee for services provided during the three most recently completed fiscal years are detailed in the table below.

 

        Fees paid to Ernst & Young LLP  

(thousands of Canadian dollars)

       2021          2020          2019  

Audit fees1

     $ 28,530        $ 28,283        $ 26,395  

Audit-related fees2

       1,502          1,334          1,477  

Tax fees3

       913          1,481          1,794  

All other fees4

       1,103          1,680          512  

Total Bank and Subsidiaries

     $ 32,048        $ 32,778        $ 30,178  

Investment Funds5

       3,060          2,970          231  

Total Fees

     $ 35,108        $ 35,748        $ 30,409  

Notes:

1.

Audit fees are fees for the professional services in connection with the audit of the Bank’s financial statements including the audit of internal control over financial reporting, the audit of its subsidiaries, and other services that are normally provided by the shareholders’ auditor in connection with statutory and regulatory filings or engagements.

2.

Audit-related fees are fees for assurance and related services that are performed by the shareholders’ auditor. These services include: employee benefit plan audits; audit of charitable organizations; audit services for certain special purpose entities administered by the Bank; accounting and tax consultation in connection with mergers, acquisitions, divestitures and restructurings; application and general controls reviews; interpretation of accounting,; assurance services or specified procedures that are not required by statute or regulation; translation of financial statements and reports in connection with the audit or review; and information technology advisory services.

3.

Tax fees comprise general tax planning and advice related to mergers and acquisitions and financing structures; electronic and paper-based tax knowledge publications; income and commodity tax compliance and advisory services; and transfer pricing services and customs and duties issues.

4.

All other fees include fees for reports on control procedures at a service organization; audit and tax services for SEC-registered funds, subject to the SEC investment company complexes rules as well as other funds and related management entities; benchmark studies; regulatory advisory services; and performance and process improvement services.

5.

Includes fees for professional services provided by EY for certain investment funds managed by subsidiaries of the Bank. In addition to other administrative costs, the subsidiaries are responsible for the auditors’ fees for professional services rendered in connections with the annual audit, statutory and regulatory filings, and other services for the investment funds, in return for a fixed administration fee. For certain funds, these fees are paid directly by the funds. EY was appointed auditor of the majority of the investment funds for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2020.

 

- 24 -


LEGAL PROCEEDINGS AND REGULATORY ACTIONS

Legal Proceedings

A description of certain legal proceedings to which the Bank is a party is set out under the heading “Litigation” in Note 27 of the Annual Financial Statements for the year ended October 31, 2021, which note is incorporated by reference in this AIF.

Regulatory Actions

From time to time, in the ordinary course of business, the Bank and its subsidiaries are assessed fees or fines by securities regulatory authorities in relation to administrative matters, including late filings or reporting, which may be considered penalties or sanctions pursuant to Canadian securities regulations, but which are not, individually or in the aggregate, material to the Bank.1 In addition, the Bank and its subsidiaries are subject to numerous regulatory authorities around the world, and fees, administrative penalties, settlement agreements and sanctions may be categorized differently by each regulator. During the past financial year, the Bank paid a $400,000 administrative monetary penalty to the Financial Consumer Agency of Canada.

INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS

To the best of our knowledge, the Bank confirms that, as at December 1, 2021, there were no directors or executive officers of the Bank, nor any associate or affiliate of a director or executive officer of the Bank, with a material interest in any transaction within the three most recently completed financial years or during the current financial year that has materially affected or is reasonably expected to materially affect the Bank.

TRANSFER AGENTS AND REGISTRARS

Transfer Agent

TSX Trust Company

P.O. Box 700, Station B

Montreal, Quebec H3B 3K3

Telephone: 416-682-3860 or toll-free at 1-800-387-0825 (Canada and U.S. only)

Fax: 1-888-249-6189

Email: inquiries@astfinancial.com

Website: www.astfinancial.com/ca-en

Co-transfer Agent and Registrar

Computershare

P.O. Box 505000

Louisville, KY 40233

or

462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600

Louisville, KY 40202

Telephone: 1-866-233-4836

TDD for hearing impaired: 1-800-231-5469

Shareholders outside of U.S.: 201-680-6578

TDD shareholders outside of U.S.: 201-680-6610

Website: www.computershare.com/investor

 

1 

National Instrument 14-101 Definitions limits the meaning of “securities legislation” to Canadian provincial and territorial legislation and “securities regulatory authority” to Canadian provincial and territorial securities regulatory authorities.

 

- 25 -


INTERESTS OF EXPERTS

The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bank for the year ended October 31, 2021 filed under National Instrument 51-102 – Continuous Disclosure Obligations, portions of which are incorporated by reference in this AIF, have been audited by EY, Chartered Professional Accountants, Licensed Public Accountants, Toronto, Ontario. EY is the external auditor who prepared the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements, and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. EY is independent with respect to the Bank within the context of the CPA Code of Professional Conduct of the Chartered Professional Accountants of Ontario. EY is also independent with respect to the Bank within the meaning of the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations thereunder adopted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Additional information concerning the Bank may be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov.

Additional information, including directors’ and officers’ remuneration and indebtedness, principal holders of the Bank’s securities and options to purchase securities, in each case if applicable, is contained in the Bank’s management proxy circular for its most recent annual meeting of shareholders that involved the election of directors. Additional financial information is provided in the Bank’s comparative financial statements and management’s discussion and analysis for its most recently completed financial year, which at the date hereof was the year ended October 31, 2021.

Under certain Canadian bank resolution powers that came into effect on September 23, 2018 (the “bail-in regime”), the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation (“CDIC”) may, in circumstances where the Bank has ceased, or is about to cease, to be viable, assume temporary control or ownership of the Bank and may be granted broad powers by one or more orders of the Governor in Council (Canada), including the power to sell or dispose of all or a part of the assets of the Bank, and the power to carry out or cause the Bank to carry out a transaction or a series of transactions the purpose of which is to restructure the business of the Bank. The expressed objectives of the bail-in regime include reducing government and taxpayer exposure in the unlikely event of a failure of a bank designated by OSFI as a domestic systemically important bank (“D-SIB”), reducing the likelihood of such a failure by increasing market discipline and reinforcing that bank shareholders and creditors are responsible for the D-SIBs’ risks and not taxpayers, and preserving financial stability by empowering the CDIC to quickly restore a failed D-SIB to viability and allow it to remain open and operating, even where the D-SIB has experienced severe losses. For a description of Canadian bank resolution powers and the consequent risk factors attaching to certain liabilities of the Bank, reference is made to https://www.td.com/investor-relations/ir-homepage/regulatory-disclosures/main-features-of-capital-instruments/main-features-of-capital-instruments.jsp.

 

- 26 -


Appendix “A”

Intercorporate Relationships

The following is a list of the directly or indirectly held significant subsidiaries.

 

SIGNIFICANT SUBSIDIARIES1             
(millions of Canadian dollars)        October 31, 2021  
North America   Address of Head
or Principal Office2 
 

Carrying value of shares

owned by the Bank3 

 

Meloche Monnex Inc.

  Montreal, Québec   $             2,354  

Security National Insurance Company

  Montreal, Québec  

Primmum Insurance Company

  Toronto, Ontario  

TD Direct Insurance Inc.

  Toronto, Ontario  

TD General Insurance Company

  Toronto, Ontario  

TD Home and Auto Insurance Company

  Toronto, Ontario        

TD Wealth Holdings Canada Limited

  Toronto, Ontario     5,085  

TD Asset Management Inc.

  Toronto, Ontario  

GMI Servicing Inc.

  Regina, Saskatchewan  

TD Waterhouse Private Investment Counsel Inc.

  Toronto, Ontario  

TD Waterhouse Canada Inc.

  Toronto, Ontario        

TD Auto Finance (Canada) Inc.

  Toronto, Ontario     3,321  

TD Group US Holdings LLC

  Wilmington, Delaware     68,575  

Toronto Dominion Holdings (U.S.A.), Inc.

  New York, New York  

TD Prime Services LLC

  New York, New York  

TD Securities Automated Trading LLC

  Chicago, Illinois  

TD Securities (USA) LLC

  New York, New York  

Toronto Dominion (Texas) LLC

  New York, New York  

Toronto Dominion (New York) LLC

  New York, New York  

Toronto Dominion Capital (U.S.A.), Inc.

  New York, New York  

Toronto Dominion Investments, Inc.

  New York, New York  

TD Bank US Holding Company

  Cherry Hill, New Jersey  

Epoch Investment Partners, Inc.

  New York, New York  

TDAM USA Inc.

  New York, New York  

TD Bank USA, National Association

  Cherry Hill, New Jersey  

TD Bank, National Association

  Cherry Hill, New Jersey  

TD Auto Finance LLC

  Farmington Hills, Michigan  

TD Equipment Finance, Inc.

  Cherry Hill, New Jersey  

TD Private Client Wealth LLC

  New York, New York  

TD Wealth Management Services Inc.

  Mt. Laurel, New Jersey        

TD Investment Services Inc.

  Toronto, Ontario     38  

TD Life Insurance Company

  Toronto, Ontario     93  

TD Mortgage Corporation

  Toronto, Ontario     11,041  

TD Pacific Mortgage Corporation

  Vancouver, British Columbia  

The Canada Trust Company

  Toronto, Ontario        

TD Securities Inc.

  Toronto, Ontario     2,656  

TD Vermillion Holdings Limited

  Toronto, Ontario     27,487  

TD Financial International Ltd.

  Hamilton, Bermuda  

TD Reinsurance (Barbados) Inc.

  St. James, Barbados        
International            

TD Ireland Unlimited Company

  Dublin, Ireland     1,322  

TD Global Finance Unlimited Company

  Dublin, Ireland        

TD Securities (Japan) Co. Ltd.

  Tokyo, Japan     12  

Toronto Dominion Australia Limited

  Sydney, Australia     100  

Toronto Dominion Investments B.V.

  London, England     1,022  

TD Bank Europe Limited

  London, England  

Toronto Dominion Holdings (U.K.) Limited

  London, England  

TD Securities Limited

  London, England        

Toronto Dominion (South East Asia) Limited

  Singapore, Singapore     1,054  
1 

Unless otherwise noted, The Toronto-Dominion Bank, either directly or through its subsidiaries, owns 100% of the entity and/or 100% of any issued and outstanding voting securities and non-voting securities of the entities listed.

2 

Each subsidiary is incorporated or organized in the country in which its head or principal office is located, with the exception of Toronto Dominion Investments B.V., a company incorporated in The Netherlands, but with its principal office in the United Kingdom.

3 

Carrying amounts are prepared for purposes of meeting the disclosure requirements of Section 308 (3)(a)(ii) of the Bank Act. Intercompany transactions may be included herein which are eliminated for consolidated financial reporting purposes.


Appendix “B”

Description of Ratings

 

  Description of ratings, as disclosed by Moody’s Investors Service on its public website

Ratings assigned on Moody’s global long-term and short-term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Moody’s defines credit risk as the risk that an entity may not meet its contractual financial obligations as they come due and any estimated financial loss in the event of default or impairment. The contractual financial obligations addressed by Moody’s ratings are those that call for, without regard to enforceability, the payment of an ascertainable amount, which may vary based upon standard sources of variation (e.g., floating interest rates), by an ascertainable date. Moody’s rating addresses the issuer’s ability to obtain cash sufficient to service the obligation, and its willingness to pay. Moody’s ratings do not address non- standard sources of variation in the amount of the principal obligation (e.g., equity indexed), absent an express statement to the contrary in a press release accompanying an initial rating. Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of eleven months or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment. Moody’s issues ratings at the issuer level and instrument level on both the long- term scale and the short-term scale. Typically, ratings are made publicly available although private and unpublished ratings may also be assigned.

Moody’s differentiates structured finance ratings from fundamental ratings (i.e., ratings on nonfinancial corporate, financial institution, and public sector entities) on the global long-term scale by adding (sf) to all structured finance ratings. The addition of (sf) to structured finance ratings should eliminate any presumption that such ratings and fundamental ratings at the same letter grade level will behave the same. The (sf) indicator for structured finance security ratings indicates that otherwise similarly rated structured finance and fundamental securities may have different risk characteristics. Through its current methodologies, however, Moody’s aspires to achieve broad expected equivalence in structured finance and fundamental rating performance when measured over a long period of time.

Moody’s assigns ratings to long-term and short-term financial obligations. Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of eleven months or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default on contractually promised payments and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default. Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from ‘Aa’ through ‘Caa’. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a ‘(hyb)’ indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.

A global long-term rating of ‘Aa’ reflects obligations that are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk. Obligations rated ‘A’ are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk. Obligations rated ‘Baa’ are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics. Global short-term ratings of ‘P-1’ (Prime-1) reflect a superior ability to repay short-term obligations.

A Moody’s rating outlook is an opinion regarding the likely rating direction over the medium term. Rating outlooks fall into four categories: ‘Positive’ (POS), ‘Negative’ (NEG), ‘Stable’ (STA), and ‘Developing’


(DEV). Outlooks may be assigned at the issuer level or at the rating level. Where there is an outlook at the issuer level and the issuer has multiple ratings with differing outlooks, an “(m)” modifier to indicate multiple will be displayed and Moody’s press releases will describe and provide the rationale for these differences. A designation of ‘RUR’ (Rating(s) Under Review) is typically used when an issuer has one or more ratings under review, which overrides the outlook designation. A designation of ‘RWR’ (Rating(s) Withdrawn) indicates that an issuer has no active ratings to which an outlook is applicable. Rating outlooks are not assigned to all rated entities. In some cases, this will be indicated by the display ‘NOO’ (No Outlook).

A ‘Stable’ outlook indicates a low likelihood of a rating change over the medium term. A ‘Negative’, ‘Positive’ or ‘Developing’ outlook indicates a higher likelihood of a rating change over the medium term. A rating committee that assigns an outlook of ‘Stable’, ‘Negative’, ‘Positive’, or ‘Developing’ to an issuer’s rating is also indicating its belief that the issuer’s credit profile is consistent with the relevant rating level at that point in time.

 

  Description of ratings, as disclosed by S&P Global Ratings on its public website

An S&P Global Ratings issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects S&P Global Ratings’ view of the obligor’s capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and this opinion may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.

Issue credit ratings can be either long-term or short-term. Short-term issue credit ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market, typically with an original maturity of no more than 365 days. Short-term issue credit ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. We would typically assign a long-term issue credit rating to an obligation with an original maturity of greater than 365 days. However, the ratings we assign to certain instruments may diverge from these guidelines based on market practices. Medium-term notes are assigned long-term ratings.

Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P Global Ratings’ analysis of the following considerations:

 

  •  

The likelihood of payment—the capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitments on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;

 

  •  

The nature and provisions of the financial obligation, and the promise we impute; and

 

  •  

The protection afforded by, and relative position of, the financial obligation in the event of a bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.

An issue rating is an assessment of default risk but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)

A long-term obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong. A long-term obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong. A long-term obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. The


ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.

A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong.

The S&P Global Ratings Canadian preferred share rating scale serves issuers, investors, and intermediaries in the Canadian financial markets by expressing preferred share ratings (determined in accordance with global rating criteria) in terms of rating symbols that have been actively used in the Canadian market over a number of years. An S&P Global Ratings preferred share rating on the Canadian scale is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific preferred share obligation issued in the Canadian market relative to preferred shares issued by other issuers in the Canadian market. There is a direct correspondence between the specific ratings assigned on the Canadian preferred share scale and the various rating levels on the global debt rating scale of S&P Global Ratings. The Canadian scale rating is fully determined by the applicable global scale rating, and there are no additional analytical criteria associated with the determination of ratings on the Canadian scale. S&P Global Ratings’ practice is to present ratings on an issuer’s preferred shares on both the global rating scale and on the Canadian national scale when listing the ratings for a particular issuer. A Canadian National preferred share rating of ‘P-2’ corresponds to global scale preferred share rating of ‘BBB’.

An S&P Global Ratings outlook assesses the potential direction of a long-term credit rating over the intermediate term, which is generally up to two years for investment grade and generally up to one year for speculative grade. In determining a rating outlook, consideration is given to any changes in economic and/or fundamental business conditions. A ‘Stable’ rating outlook indicates that a rating is not likely to change.

 

  Description of ratings, as disclosed by DBRS on its public website

The DBRS Morningstar long-term rating scale provides an opinion on the risk of default. That is, the risk that an issuer will fail to satisfy its financial obligations in accordance with the terms under which an obligation has been issued. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer, and the relative ranking of claims. All rating categories other than ‘AAA’ and ‘D’ also contain subcategories ‘(high)’ and ‘(low)’. The absence of either a ‘(high)’ or ‘(low)’ designation indicates the rating is in the middle of the category. A long-term rating of ‘AA’ is of superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered high. Credit quality differs from ‘AAA’ only to a small degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events. A long-term rating of ‘A’ is of good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is substantial, but of lesser credit quality than ‘AA’. May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.

The DBRS short-term debt rating scale provides an opinion on the risk that an issuer will not meet its short-term financial obligations in a timely manner. Ratings are based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuer and the relative ranking of claims. The ‘R-1’ and ‘R-2’ rating categories are further denoted by the subcategories ‘(high)’, ‘(middle)’, and ‘(low)’. A short-term debt rating of ‘R-1’ ‘(high)’ is the highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is exceptionally high. Unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.

The DBRS preferred share rating scale reflects an opinion on the risk that an issuer will not fulfil its obligations with respect to both dividend and principal commitments in respect of preferred shares issued in the Canadian securities market in accordance with the terms under which the relevant preferred shares have been issued. Every DBRS rating using the preferred share rating scale is based on quantitative and qualitative considerations relevant to the issuing entity. Each rating category may be denoted by the subcategories ‘high’ and ‘low’. The absence of either a ‘high’ or ‘low’ designation indicates the rating is in the middle of the category. Preferred shares issued in the Canadian securities markets are rated using the preferred share rating scale and preferred shares issued outside of the Canadian securities markets


are rated using the long-term obligations scale. Because preferred share dividends are only payable when approved, the non-payment of a preferred share dividend does not necessarily result in a ‘D’. DBRS may also use ‘SD’ (Selective Default) in cases where only some securities are affected, such as in the case of a “distressed exchange”. Preferred shares rated ‘Pfd-2’ are generally of good credit quality. Protection of dividends and principal is still substantial, but earnings, the balance sheet and coverage ratios are not as strong as ‘Pfd-1’ rated companies. Generally, ‘Pfd-2’ ratings correspond with issuers with an ‘A’ category or higher reference point.


Appendix “C”

AUDIT COMMITTEE

OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

OF THE TORONTO-DOMINION BANK

CHARTER

~ ~ Supervising the Quality and Integrity of the Bank’s Financial Reporting

and Compliance Requirements ~ ~

 

    Main Responsibilities:

 

  ●  

overseeing reliable, accurate and clear financial reporting to shareholders

 

  ●  

overseeing the effectiveness of internal controls, including internal control over financial reporting

 

  ●  

directly responsible for the selection, compensation, retention, and oversight of the work of the shareholders’ auditor – the shareholders’ auditor reports directly to the Committee

 

  ●  

receiving reports from the shareholders’ auditor, chief financial officer, chief auditor, chief compliance officer, and global chief anti-money laundering officer, and evaluating the effectiveness and independence of each

 

  ●  

overseeing the establishment and maintenance of policies and programs reasonably designed to achieve and maintain the Bank’s compliance with the laws and regulations that apply to it

 

  ●  

acting as the audit committee for certain subsidiaries of the Bank that are federally-regulated financial institutions

 

    Independence is Key:

 

  ●  

the Committee is composed entirely of independent directors

 

  ●  

the Committee meets regularly without management present

 

  ●  

the Committee has the authority to engage independent advisors, paid for by the Bank, to help it make the best possible decisions on the financial reporting, accounting policies and practices, disclosure practices, compliance, and internal controls of the Bank

Composition and Independence, Financial Literacy and Authority

The Committee shall be composed of members of the Board of Directors in such number as is determined by the Board with regard to the by-laws of the Bank, applicable laws, rules and regulations, and any other relevant considerations, subject to a minimum requirement of three directors.

In this Charter, “Bank” means The Toronto-Dominion Bank on a consolidated basis. No member of the Committee may be an officer or retired officer of the Bank. Every member of the Committee shall be independent of the Bank within the meaning of all applicable laws, rules and regulations including those particularly applicable to audit committee members and any other relevant consideration as determined by the Board of Directors, including the Bank’s Director Independence Policy. No member of the Committee may serve on more than three public company audit committees without the consent of the Corporate Governance Committee and the Board.

The members of the Committee shall be appointed by the Board and each shall serve until his or her successor is duly appointed, unless the member resigns, is removed, or ceases to be a director. A Chair


will be appointed by the Board upon recommendation of the Corporate Governance Committee, failing which the members of the Committee may designate a Chair by majority vote. The Committee may from time to time delegate to its Chair certain powers or responsibilities that the Committee itself may have hereunder.

In addition to the qualities set out in the Position Description for Directors, all members of the Committee should be financially literate or be willing and able to acquire the necessary knowledge quickly. Financially literate means the ability to read and understand financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of the issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the Bank’s financial statements. At least one member of the Committee shall have a background in accounting or related financial management experience which would include any experience or background that results in the individual’s financial sophistication, including being or having been an auditor, a chief executive officer, chief financial officer or other senior officer with financial oversight responsibilities. In fulfilling the responsibilities set out in this Charter, the Committee has the authority to conduct any investigation it deems appropriate to, and access any officer, employee or agent of the Bank for the purpose of fulfilling its responsibilities, including the shareholders’ auditor. The Committee may obtain advice and assistance from outside legal, accounting or other advisors as the Committee deems necessary to carry out its duties and may retain and determine the compensation to be paid by the Bank for such independent counsel or outside advisor in its sole discretion without seeking Board approval.

Committee members will enhance their familiarity with financial, accounting and other areas relevant to their responsibilities by participating in educational sessions or other opportunities for development.

Meetings

The Committee shall meet at least four times annually, or more frequently as circumstances dictate. The Committee shall meet with the shareholders’ auditor and management quarterly to review the Bank’s financial statements consistent with the section entitled “Financial Reporting” below. The Committee shall dedicate a portion of each of its regularly scheduled quarterly meetings to meeting separately with each of the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the General Counsel, the Chief Auditor, the Chief Compliance Officer, the Global Chief Anti-Money Laundering Officer, and the shareholders’ auditor and to meeting on its own without members of management or the shareholders’ auditor. Any member of the Committee may make a request to the Chair for a Committee meeting or any part thereof to be held without management present. The Committee shall also meet with the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada (“OSFI”) to review and discuss the results of OSFI’s annual supervisory examination of the Bank in the event OSFI directs that it meets with the Committee instead of the full Board.

To facilitate open communication between this Committee and the Risk Committee, and where the Chair of the Risk Committee is not a member of this Committee, he or she shall have a standing invitation to attend each meeting of this Committee at his or her discretion as a non-voting observer and receive the materials for each such meeting. In addition, this Committee shall meet with the Risk Committee at least two times annually to discuss topics relevant to both Committees.

The Committee may invite to its meetings any director, member of management of the Bank or such other persons as it deems appropriate in order to carry out its responsibilities. The Committee may also exclude from its meetings any persons it deems appropriate in order to carry out its responsibilities.

Specific Duties and Responsibilities

Financial Reporting

The Committee shall be responsible for the oversight of reliable, accurate and clear financial reporting to shareholders, including reviewing and discussing the Bank’s annual and interim financial statements and management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) and reviewing the shareholders’ auditor opinion on the


annual financial statements and on the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting, prior to approval by the Board and release to the public, and reviewing, as appropriate, releases to the public of significant material non-public financial information of the Bank. Such review of the financial reports of the Bank shall include, when appropriate but at least annually, discussion with management, the internal audit division and the shareholders’ auditor of significant issues regarding accounting principles, practices, financial statement, and MD&A disclosures, including adjustments to GAAP measures (e.g., Items of Note) and significant management estimates and judgments.

The Committee shall review earnings news releases and satisfy itself that adequate procedures are in place for the review of the Bank’s public disclosure of financial information extracted or derived from the Bank’s financial statements, other than the public disclosure in the Bank’s annual and interim financial statements and MD&A and must periodically assess the adequacy of those procedures.

Financial Reporting Process

The Committee shall support the Board in its oversight of the financial reporting process of the Bank including:

 

  ●  

working with management, the shareholders’ auditor and the internal audit division to review the integrity of the Bank’s financial reporting processes;

 

  ●  

reviewing the process relating to and the certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer on the integrity of the Bank’s quarterly and annual consolidated financial statements and other disclosure documents as required;

 

  ●  

considering the key accounting policies of the Bank and reviewing in appropriate detail the basis for significant estimates and judgments including but not limited to actuarial reserves, allowances for loan losses and other valuation allowances and discussing such matters with management and/or the shareholders’ auditor;

 

  ●  

keeping abreast of trends and best practices in financial reporting including considering, as they arise, topical issues and their application to the Bank;

 

  ●  

reviewing with management and the shareholders’ auditor significant accounting principles and policies and all critical accounting policies and practices used and any significant audit adjustments made;

 

  ●  

considering and approving, if appropriate, substantive changes to the Bank’s accounting and financial reporting policies as suggested by management, the shareholders’ auditor, or the internal audit division;

 

  ●  

establishing regular systems of reporting to the Committee by each of management, the shareholders’ auditor and the internal audit division regarding any significant judgments made in management’s preparation of the financial statements and any significant difficulties encountered during the course of the review or audit, including any restrictions on the scope of work or access to required information; and

 

  ●  

reviewing tax and tax planning matters that are material to the financial statements.

The Committee’s Role in the Financial Reporting Process

The shareholders’ auditor is responsible for planning and carrying out, in accordance with professional standards, an audit of the Bank’s annual financial statements and reviews of the Bank’s quarterly financial information. Management of the Bank is responsible for the Bank’s financial reporting process which includes the preparation, presentation and integrity of the Bank’s financial statements and maintenance of appropriate accounting and financial reporting principles and policies, and internal controls and procedures designed to ensure compliance with accounting standards and applicable laws and regulations. The Committee oversees the financial reporting process at the Bank and receives quarterly reporting regarding the process undertaken by management and the results of the review by the


shareholders’ auditor. It is not the duty of the Committee to plan or conduct audits, or to determine that the Bank’s financial statements are complete, accurate and in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards.

Internal Controls

The shareholders’ auditor is also responsible for planning and carrying out, in accordance with professional standards, an audit of the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting. Management of the Bank is responsible for devising and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of such internal control.

The Committee shall be responsible for overseeing the establishment of the internal control framework and monitoring its effectiveness including:

 

  ●  

reviewing management’s reports related to the establishment and maintenance of an adequate and effective internal control system and processes (including controls related to the prevention, identification and detection of fraud) that are designed to provide assurance in areas including reporting (financial, operational and risk), efficiency and effectiveness of operations and safeguarding assets, monitoring compliance with laws, regulations and guidance, and internal policies, including compliance with section 404 of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act and similar rules of the Canadian Securities Administrators;

 

  ●  

meeting with management, the Chief Auditor and the shareholders’ auditor to assess the adequacy and effectiveness of the Bank’s internal controls, including internal control over financial reporting and controls related to the prevention, identification and detection of fraud;

 

  ●  

overseeing that there are adequate governance structures and control processes for all financial instruments that are measured at fair value for financial reporting purposes;

 

  ●  

receiving reports from the Risk Committee as considered necessary or desirable with respect to any issues relating to internal control procedures considered by that Committee in the course of undertaking its responsibilities; and

 

  ●  

reviewing reporting by the Bank to its shareholders regarding internal control over financial reporting.

Internal Audit Division

The Committee shall oversee the internal audit division of the Bank and any aspects of the internal audit function that are outsourced to a third party. The Committee shall satisfy itself that the internal audit division is sufficiently independent to perform its responsibilities. In addition, the Committee shall:

 

  ●  

review and approve the annual audit plan (including the risk assessment methodology), and any significant changes thereto and satisfy itself that the plan is appropriate, risk-based and addresses all the relevant activities and significant risks over a measurable cycle;

 

  ●  

review and approve the annual financial budget and resource plan, and review significant updates;

 

  ●  

review and approve at least annually the Chief Auditor’s mandate and independence attestation, and the mandate of the internal audit division;

 

  ●  

review key components of significant audit policies

 

  ●  

confirm the appointment and dismissal of the Chief Auditor;

 

  ●  

annually convey its view of the performance of the Chief Auditor to the Chief Executive Officer as input into the compensation approval process;


  ●  

at least annually assess the effectiveness and operational adequacy of the internal audit division;

 

  ●  

review the results of the independent quality assurance review report on the internal audit division conducted on a five-year cycle, including information on the qualifications and independence of the assessor(s) and any potential conflict of interest;

 

  ●  

review and discuss regular reports prepared by the Chief Auditor, including internal control over financial reporting and all other information outlined in regulatory guidance, together with management’s response and follow-up on outstanding findings, and proactively consider thematic findings across the Bank;

 

  ●  

provide a forum for the Chief Auditor to have unfettered access to the Committee to raise any internal audit, organizational or industry issues or issues with respect to the relationship and interaction between the internal audit division, management, the shareholders’ auditor and/or regulators; and

 

  ●  

review reports of deficiencies identified by supervisory authorities related to the internal audit division, including information to demonstrate progress of necessary correction action and remediation, by management, within an appropriate time frame.

Oversight of Shareholders’ Auditor

The Committee shall annually review and evaluate the performance, qualifications, skills, resources (amount and type), and independence of the shareholders’ auditor and recommend to the Board for recommendation to the shareholders, the appointment of the shareholders’ auditor. The Committee shall be responsible for approving the auditor’s remuneration and shall satisfy itself that the level of audit fees is commensurate with the scope of work to ensure a quality audit. The Committee shall also make recommendations to the Board for approval regarding, if appropriate, termination of the shareholders’ auditor. The shareholders’ auditor shall be accountable to the Committee and the entire Board, as representatives of the shareholders, for its review of the financial statements and controls of the Bank. In addition, the Committee shall:

 

  ●  

review and approve the annual audit plans and engagement letters of the shareholders’ auditor and satisfy itself that the plans are appropriate, risk-based and address all the relevant activities over a measurable cycle;

 

  ●  

at least annually, review the shareholders’ auditor’s processes for assuring the quality of their audit services including ensuring their independence and any other matters that may affect the audit firm’s ability to serve as shareholders’ auditor;

 

  ●  

discuss those matters that are required to be communicated by the shareholders’ auditor to the Committee in accordance with the standards established by the Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) and the requirements of the Bank Act (Canada) and of the Bank’s regulators, including its primary regulator OSFI, as such matters are applicable to the Bank from time to time;

 

  ●  

review with the shareholders’ auditor any issues that may be brought forward by it, including any audit problems or difficulties, such as restrictions on its audit activities or access to requested information, and management’s responses;

 

  ●  

request management to take the necessary corrective actions to address any findings and recommendations of the shareholders’ auditor in a timely manner;

 

  ●  

review with the shareholders’ auditor concerns, if any, about the quality, not just acceptability, of the Bank’s accounting principles and policies as applied in its financial reporting;

 

  ●  

provide a forum for management and the internal and/or shareholders’ auditor to raise issues regarding their relationship and interaction. To the extent disagreements regarding financial


 

reporting are not resolved, be responsible for the resolution of such disagreements between management and the internal and/or shareholders’ auditor;

 

  ●  

at least annually, review and evaluate the qualifications, performance and independence of the lead, and other key senior partners of the shareholders’ auditor, monitor the rotation timing and, as required upon rotation of the lead and other key senior partners, assess the qualifications of the shareholders’ auditor’s proposed new lead and other key senior partners and obtain confirmation from the shareholders’ auditor of compliance with the requirements for the qualifications for auditors pursuant to the Bank Act (Canada), and guidance by other applicable regulators;

 

  ●  

at least every five years, conduct a periodic comprehensive review of the shareholders’ auditor; and

 

  ●  

annually review and discuss the Canadian Public Accountability Board’s (“CPAB”) and PCAOB’s public reports with the shareholders’ auditor and, as necessary, discuss any CPAB and/or PCAOB findings specific to the inspection of the Bank’s audit.

Independence of Shareholders’ Auditor

The Committee shall monitor and assess the independence of the shareholders’ auditor through various mechanisms, including:

 

  ●  

reviewing and approving (or recommending to the Board for approval) the audit engagement terms and fees and other legally permissible services to be performed by the shareholders’ auditor for the Bank, with such approval to be given either specifically or pursuant to pre-approval procedures adopted by the Committee;

 

  ●  

receiving from the shareholders’ auditor, at least annually, a formal written statement confirming independence and delineating all relationships between the shareholders’ auditor and the Bank consistent with the rules of professional conduct of the Canadian provincial chartered accountants’ institutes or other regulatory bodies, as applicable;

 

  ●  

reviewing and discussing with the Board and the shareholders’ auditor, annually and otherwise as necessary, any relationships or services between the shareholders’ auditor and the Bank or any factors that may impact the objectivity and independence of the shareholders’ auditor;

 

  ●  

reviewing, approving and monitoring policies and procedures for the employment of past or present partners, or employees of the shareholders’ auditor as required by applicable laws; and

 

  ●  

reviewing, approving and monitoring other policies and procedures put in place to facilitate auditor independence, such as the criteria for tendering the shareholders’ auditor contract and the rotation of members of the audit engagement team, as applicable.

Finance Department

The Committee shall oversee the Finance Department of the Bank, including:

 

  ●  

reviewing and approving the mandate of the Finance Department and the mandate of the Chief Financial Officer at least annually;

 

  ●  

reviewing and approving, at least annually, the Finance Department budget and resource plan, including receiving reports from management on resource adequacy;

 

  ●  

annually assessing the effectiveness of the Finance Department;

 

  ●  

periodically reviewing the results of a benchmarking of the Finance Department conducted with the assistance of an independent third party;


  ●  

annually conveying its view of the performance of the Chief Financial Officer to the Chief Executive Officer as input into the compensation approval process;

 

  ●  

confirming the appointment and dismissal of the Chief Financial Officer; and

 

  ●  

providing a forum for the Chief Financial Officer to have unfettered access to the Committee to raise any financial reporting issues or issues with respect to the relationship and interaction among the Finance Department, management, the shareholders’ auditor and/or regulators.

Compliance

The Committee shall oversee the establishment and maintenance of policies and programs reasonably designed to achieve and maintain the Bank’s compliance with the laws and regulations that apply to it, including:

 

  ●  

establishing and maintaining procedures in accordance with regulatory requirements for the receipt, retention and treatment of confidential, anonymous submissions of concerns regarding questionable accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters, and receiving reports on such complaints and submissions as required under the applicable policy; and

 

  ●  

reviewing professional pronouncements and changes to key regulatory requirements relating to accounting rules to the extent they apply to the financial reporting process of the Bank.

Compliance Department

The Committee shall oversee the Compliance Department of the Bank and the execution of its mandate and shall satisfy itself that the Compliance Department is sufficiently independent to perform its responsibilities. In addition, the Committee shall:

 

  ●  

review and approve its annual plan, including its budget and resources, and any significant changes to the annual plan;

 

  ●  

annually review and approve the mandate of the Compliance Department and the mandate of the Chief Compliance Officer;

 

  ●  

at least annually assess the effectiveness of the Compliance Department;

 

  ●  

periodically review the results of a benchmarking of the Compliance Department conducted with the assistance of an independent third party;

 

  ●  

confirm the appointment and dismissal of the Chief Compliance Officer;

 

  ●  

annually convey its view of the performance of the Chief Compliance Officer to the Chief Executive Officer as input into the compensation approval process;

 

  ●  

review with management the Bank’s compliance with applicable regulatory requirements and the Regulatory Compliance Management (“RCM”) Program;

 

  ●  

semi-annually receive reports from the Compliance Department on Compliance with Canadian Consumer Protection Requirements as Supervised by the Financial Consumer Agency of Canada (“FCAC”);

 

  ●  

regularly review and discuss reports prepared by the Chief Compliance Officer for the Committee, including with regard to reports by regulators and supervisory authorities related to the Compliance Department, the Bank’s RCM program or the Bank’s compliance or non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations and follow-up on any outstanding issues including proactive consideration of whether deficiencies in one area may be present in other areas;


  ●  

at least annually review the assessment by the Chief Compliance Officer on the adequacy of, adherence to and effectiveness of the Bank’s day-to-day RCM controls, as well as the Opinion of the Chief Compliance Officer as to whether the RCM Program and controls are sufficiently robust to achieve compliance with the applicable enterprise-wide regulatory requirements; and

 

  ●  

provide a forum for the Chief Compliance Officer to have unfettered access to the Committee to raise any compliance issues or concerns with respect to the relationship and interaction among the Compliance Department, management and/or regulators.

Anti-Money Laundering (“AML”) / Anti-Terrorist Financing (“ATF”)

The Committee shall oversee and monitor the establishment, maintenance and ongoing effectiveness of the Anti-Money Laundering / Anti-Terrorist Financing / Economic Sanctions / Anti-Bribery and Anti-Corruption Program (“AML Program”) that is designed so that the Bank is in compliance with the laws and regulations that apply to it as well as its own policies, including:

 

  ●  

reviewing with management the Bank’s compliance with applicable regulatory requirements;

 

  ●  

reviewing an annual report from the Global Chief Anti-Money Laundering Officer regarding the assessment of the effectiveness of the AML Program, and following up with management on the status of recommendations and suggestions, as appropriate; and

 

  ●  

reviewing the opinion of the Chief Auditor on the effectiveness of the AML Program every two years and following up with management on the status of recommendations and suggestions, as appropriate.

Global Anti-Money Laundering Department

The Committee shall oversee the Global Anti-Money Laundering Department of the Bank and the execution of its mandate and shall satisfy itself that the Global AML Department is sufficiently independent to perform its responsibilities. In addition, the Committee shall:

 

  ●  

review and approve the Global AML Department’s annual plan, including its budget and resources, and any significant changes to the annual plan;

 

  ●  

consider and approve the AML Program, its design and any significant AML/ATF policies, including the TD Global Sanctions Policy;

 

  ●  

at least annually assess the effectiveness of the Global AML Department;

 

  ●  

review the results of an independent effectiveness review of the AML Program conducted periodically;

 

  ●  

periodically review the results of a benchmarking of the Global AML Department conducted with the assistance of an independent third party;

 

  ●  

annually review and approve the mandate of the Global AML Department and the mandate of the Global Chief Anti-Money Laundering Officer;

 

  ●  

confirm the appointment and dismissal of the Global Chief Anti-Money Laundering Officer;

 

  ●  

annually convey its view of the performance of the Global Chief Anti-Money Laundering Officer to the Chief Executive Officer as input into the compensation approval process;

 

  ●  

regularly review and discuss reports prepared by the Global Chief Anti-Money Laundering Officer for the Committee, including with regard to reports by supervisory authorities related to the AML Program, on the Bank’s compliance or non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations and on the design and operation of the AML Program, the adequacy of resources (people, systems and budget), and any recommendations thereto, and follow-up on any outstanding issues including proactive consideration of whether deficiencies in one area may be present in other areas; and


  ●  

provide a forum for the Global Chief Anti-Money Laundering Officer to have unfettered access to the Committee to raise any compliance issues or issues with respect to the relationship and interaction among the Global AML Department, management and/or regulators.

General

The Committee shall have the following additional general duties and responsibilities:

 

  ●  

acting as the audit committee for certain Canadian subsidiaries of the Bank that are federally-regulated financial institutions, including meeting on an annual basis, without management present, with the appointed actuaries of the applicable subsidiaries of the Bank that are federally-regulated financial institutions;

 

  ●  

reviewing with the Bank’s General Counsel any legal matter arising from litigation, asserted claims or regulatory non-compliance that could have a material impact on the Bank’s financial condition and provide a forum for the General Counsel to have unfettered access to the Committee to raise any legal issues;

 

  ●  

performing such other functions and tasks as may be mandated by regulatory requirements applicable to audit committees or delegated by the Board;

 

  ●  

conducting an annual evaluation of the Committee to assess its contribution and effectiveness in fulfilling its mandate;

 

  ●  

review and assess the adequacy of this Charter at least annually and submit this Charter to the Corporate Governance Committee for review and recommendation to the Board for approval; noting that changes considered administrative by the Chair of the Committee and the Board Chair can be reviewed and approved by the Corporate Governance Committee throughout the year and aggregated once per year for review and concurrence by the Board;

 

  ●  

maintaining minutes or other records of meetings and activities of the Committee; and

 

  ●  

reporting to the Board on material matters arising at Audit Committee meetings following each meeting of the Committee and reporting as required to the Risk Committee on issues of relevance to it.

2021 MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Exhibit 99.2
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
This Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) is presented to enable readers to assess material changes in the financial condition and operating results of TD Bank Group (“TD” or the “Bank”) for the year ended October 31, 2021, compared with the corresponding period in the prior years. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes for the year ended October 31, 2021. This MD&A is dated December 1, 2021. Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars and have been primarily derived from the Bank’s annual Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Note that certain comparative amounts have been revised to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
 
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Additional information relating to the Bank, including the Bank’s Annual Information Form, is available on the Bank’s website at
http://www.td.com
, on SEDAR at
http://www.sedar.com
, and on the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s website at
http://www.sec.gov
(EDGAR filers section).
 
Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
From time to time, the Bank (as defined in this document) makes written and/or oral forward-looking statements, including in this document, in other filings with Canadian regulators or the United States (U.S.) Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and in other communications. In addition, representatives of the Bank may make forward-looking statements orally to analysts, investors, the media and others. All such statements are made pursuant to the “safe harbour” provisions of, and are intended to be forward-looking statements under, applicable Canadian and U.S. securities legislation, including the
U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements made in this document, the Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“2021 MD&A”) in the Bank’s 2021 Annual Report under the headings “Economic Summary and Outlook” and “The Bank’s Response to
COVID-19”,
under the headings “Key Priorities for 2022” and “Operating Environment and Outlook” for the Canadian Retail, U.S. Retail, and Wholesale Banking segments, and under the heading “Focus for 2022” for the Corporate segment, and in other statements regarding the Bank’s objectives and priorities for 2022 and beyond and strategies to achieve them, the regulatory environment in which the Bank operates, the Bank’s anticipated financial performance, and the potential economic, financial and other impacts of the Coronavirus Disease 2019
(COVID-19).
Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words such as “will”, “would”, “should”, “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “intend”, “estimate”, “plan”, “goal”, “target”, “may”, and “could”.
By their very nature, these forward-looking statements require the Bank to make assumptions and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties, general and specific. Especially in light of the uncertainty related to the physical, financial, economic, political, and regulatory environments, such risks and uncertainties – many of which are beyond the Bank’s control and the effects of which can be difficult to predict – may cause actual results to differ materially from the expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements. Risk factors that could cause, individually or in the aggregate, such differences include: strategic, credit, market (including equity, commodity, foreign exchange, interest rate, and credit spreads), operational (including technology, cyber security, and infrastructure), model, insurance, liquidity, capital adequacy, legal, regulatory compliance and conduct, reputational, environmental and social, and other risks. Examples of such risk factors include the economic, financial, and other impacts of pandemics, including the
COVID-19
pandemic; general business and economic conditions in the regions in which the Bank operates; geopolitical risk; the ability of the Bank to execute on long-term strategies and shorter-term key strategic priorities, including the successful completion of acquisitions and dispositions, business retention plans, and strategic plans; technology and cyber security risk (including cyber-attacks or data security breaches) on the Bank’s information technology, internet, network access or other voice or data communications systems or services; model risk; fraud activity; the failure of third parties to comply with their obligations to the Bank or its affiliates, including relating to the care and control of information, and other risks arising from the Bank’s use of third-party service providers; the impact of new and changes to, or application of, current laws and regulations, including without limitation tax laws, capital guidelines and liquidity regulatory guidance and the bank recapitalization
“bail-in”
regime; regulatory oversight and compliance risk; increased competition from incumbents and new entrants (including Fintechs and big technology competitors); shifts in consumer attitudes and disruptive technology; exposure related to significant litigation and regulatory matters; ability of the Bank to attract, develop, and retain key talent; changes to the Bank’s credit ratings; changes in currency and interest rates (including the possibility of negative interest rates); increased funding costs and market volatility due to market illiquidity and competition for funding; Interbank Offered Rate (IBOR) transition risk; critical accounting estimates and changes to accounting standards, policies, and methods used by the Bank; existing and potential international debt crises; environmental and social risk (including climate change); and the occurrence of natural and unnatural catastrophic events and claims resulting from such events. The Bank cautions that the preceding list is not exhaustive of all possible risk factors and other factors could also adversely affect the Bank’s results. For more detailed information, please refer to the “Risk Factors and Management” section of the 2021 MD&A, as may be updated in subsequently filed quarterly reports to shareholders and news releases (as applicable) related to any events or transactions discussed under the heading “Significant Acquisitions” or “Significant and Subsequent Events and Pending Acquisitions” in the relevant MD&A, which applicable releases may be found on www.td.com. All such factors, as well as other uncertainties and potential events, and the inherent uncertainty of forward-looking statements, should be considered carefully when making decisions with respect to the Bank. The Bank cautions readers not to place undue reliance on the Bank’s forward-looking statements.
Material economic assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained in this document are set out in the 2021 MD&A under the headings “Economic Summary and Outlook” and “The Bank’s Response to
COVID-19”,
under the headings “Key Priorities for 2022” and “Operating Environment and Outlook” for the Canadian Retail, U.S. Retail, and Wholesale Banking segments, and under the heading “Focus for 2022” for the Corporate segment, each as may be updated in subsequently filed quarterly reports to shareholders.
Any forward-looking statements contained in this document represent the views of management only as of the date hereof and are presented for the purpose of assisting the Bank’s shareholders and analysts in understanding the Bank’s financial position, objectives and priorities and anticipated financial performance as at and for the periods ended on the dates presented, and may not be appropriate for other purposes. The Bank does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time by or on its behalf, except as required under applicable securities legislation.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 1

TABLE 1: FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except where noted)
  
 
2021
 
    2020       2019  
Results of operations
      
Total revenue – reported
  
$
42,693
 
  $ 43,646     $ 41,065  
Total revenue – adjusted
1
  
 
42,693
 
    42,225       41,065  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses
  
 
(224
) 
    7,242       3,029  
Insurance claims and related expenses
  
 
2,707
 
    2,886       2,787  
Non-interest
expenses – reported
  
 
23,076
 
    21,604       22,020  
Non-interest
expenses – adjusted
1
  
 
22,909
 
    21,338       21,085  
Net income – reported
  
 
14,298
 
    11,895       11,686  
Net income – adjusted
1
  
 
14,649
 
    9,968       12,503  
Financial positions
(billions of Canadian dollars)
      
Total loans net of allowance for loan losses
  
$
722.6
 
  $ 717.5     $ 684.6  
Total assets
  
 
    1,728.7
 
        1,715.9           1,415.3  
Total deposits
  
 
1,125.1
 
    1,135.3       887.0  
Total equity
  
 
99.8
 
    95.5       87.7  
Total risk-weighted assets
2
  
 
460.3
 
    478.9       456.0  
Financial ratios
      
Return on common equity (ROE) – reported
3
  
 
15.5
 % 
    13.6  %      14.5  % 
Return on common equity – adjusted
1
  
 
15.9
 
    11.4       15.6  
Return on tangible common equity (ROTCE)
1
  
 
21.2
 
    18.7       20.5  
Return on tangible common equity – adjusted
1
  
 
21.4
 
    15.3       21.5  
Efficiency ratio – reported
3
  
 
54.1
 
    49.5       53.6  
Efficiency ratio – adjusted
1,3
  
 
53.7
 
    50.5       51.3  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses as a % of net average loans and acceptances
4
  
 
(0.03
) 
    1.00       0.45  
Common share information – reported
(Canadian dollars)
      
Per share earnings
      
Basic
  
$
7.73
 
  $ 6.43     $ 6.26  
Diluted
  
 
7.72
 
    6.43       6.25  
Dividends per share
  
 
3.16
 
    3.11       2.89  
Book value per share
3
  
 
51.66
 
    49.49       45.20  
Closing share price
5
  
 
89.84
 
    58.78       75.21  
Shares outstanding (millions)
      
Average basic
  
 
1,817.7
 
    1,807.3       1,824.2  
Average diluted
  
 
1,820.2
 
    1,808.8       1,827.3  
End of period
  
 
1,822.0
 
    1,815.6       1,811.9  
Market capitalization (billions of Canadian dollars)
  
$
163.7
 
  $ 106.7     $ 136.3  
Dividend yield
3
  
 
3.9
 % 
    4.8  %      3.9  % 
Dividend payout ratio
3
  
 
40.9
 
    48.3       46.1  
Price-earnings ratio
3
  
 
11.6
 
    9.2       12.0  
Total shareholder return (1 year)
3
  
 
58.9
 
    (17.9 )      7.1  
Common share information – adjusted
(Canadian dollars)
1,3
      
Per share earnings
      
Basic
  
$
7.92
 
  $ 5.37     $ 6.71  
Diluted
  
 
7.91
 
    5.36       6.69  
Dividend payout ratio
  
 
39.9
 % 
    57.9  %      43.0  % 
Price-earnings ratio
  
 
11.3
 
    11.0       11.2  
Capital ratios
2
      
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital ratio
  
 
15.2
 % 
    13.1  %      12.1  % 
Tier 1 Capital ratio
  
 
16.5
 
    14.4       13.5  
Total Capital ratio
  
 
19.1
 
    16.7       16.3  
Leverage ratio
  
 
4.8
 
    4.5       4.0  
 
1
The Toronto-Dominion Bank (“TD” or the “Bank”) prepares its Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with IFRS, the current Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), and refers to results prepared in accordance with IFRS as the “reported” results. The Bank also utilizes
non-GAAP
financial measures such as “adjusted” results and
non-GAAP
ratios to assess each of its businesses and to measure overall Bank performance. To arrive at adjusted results, the Bank adjusts for “items of note”, from reported results. Refer to the “Financial Results Overview” section of this document for further explanation, a list of the items of note, and a reconciliation of adjusted to reported results.
Non-GAAP
financial measures and ratios used in this document are not defined terms under IFRS and, therefore, may not be comparable to similar terms used by other issuers.
2
These measures have been included in this document in accordance with the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada’s (OSFI’s) Capital Adequacy Requirements and Leverage Requirements guidelines. Refer to the “Capital Position” section of this document for further details.
3
For additional information about this metric, refer to the Glossary of this document.
4
Excludes acquired credit-impaired (ACI) loans.
5
Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX) closing market price.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 2

 
FINANCIAL RESULTS OVERVIEW
CORPORATE OVERVIEW
The Toronto-Dominion Bank and its subsidiaries are collectively known as TD Bank Group (“TD” or the “Bank”). TD is the fifth largest bank in North America by assets and serves more than 26 million customers in three key businesses operating in a number of locations in financial centres around the globe: Canadian Retail, which includes the results of the personal and commercial banking, wealth, and insurance businesses; U.S. Retail, which includes the results of the personal and business banking operations, wealth management services, and the Bank’s investment in The Charles Schwab Corporation (“Schwab”); and Wholesale Banking. TD also ranks among the world’s leading online financial services firms, with more than 15 million active online and mobile customers. TD had CDN$1.7 trillion in assets on October 31, 2021. The Toronto-Dominion Bank trades under the symbol “TD” on the Toronto and New York Stock Exchanges.
ECONOMIC SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK
The global economy’s recovery from the
COVID-19
pandemic continues. As public health restrictions are lifted, activity is resuming in higher-contact sectors. However, supply disruptions are increasingly constraining the pace of the recovery. Shortages of microchips have led to significant reductions in automobile production around the world, while the logistics industry is struggling with backlogs that are slowing the delivery of products to their final destination.
Disparities in vaccination rates are driving varying health outcomes, exacerbating supply constraints. Recent outbreaks of
COVID-19
in Asia have worsened input shortages and contributed to delays at ports. With containment measures continuing to interrupt workflows, global supply chains remain at risk of ongoing disruption, which could put upward pressure on prices and limit global economic growth.
The U.S. economy grew by an estimated 2% annualized in the third calendar quarter, down from 6.5% on average in the first half of the year. After unsustainable double-digit growth in each of the first two quarters, consumer spending slowed to an annualized rate of just 1.6% in the third quarter. Much of the pullback was due to a retreat in spending on durable goods. Motor vehicle sales, in particular, contracted by an annualized 54%, in part due to scarcity of available product. In contrast, spending on services continued to recover, but at a slower rate than in previous quarters, as concerns about the Delta variant weighed on the rebound in recreation, food services and accommodation sectors.
While U.S. GDP now exceeds its
pre-recession
level, the recovery has been highly imbalanced. As of the third calendar quarter, spending on goods was 7% above its
pre-pandemic
level, while spending on services – which comprise a much larger share of the economy – was still 1.6% below that threshold. The divergence has caused a widening in the trade deficit and contributed to supply shortages. A reorientation of activity back toward services should help alleviate some of these pressures, while high levels of savings should help households absorb higher prices and allow for continued growth in calendar 2022.
The recent slowdown in U.S. economic activity is less evident in the labour market. Job growth picked up in October, suggesting a
re-acceleration
in economic activity in the final quarter of the calendar year. Demand for workers is very strong – the rate of job openings hit a record high at the midpoint of the year and remains well above
pre-pandemic
levels – but it is taking longer for employers to fill positions. As of October, there were over three million fewer people in the U.S. labour force than prior to the pandemic. This shrinkage in the labour force is restraining job growth and helping push down the unemployment rate, which hit 4.6% in October.
The uneven nature of the recovery, alongside ongoing supply constraints, has led to elevated inflationary pressures. The consumer price index rose 5.4% year-over-year in September and has been above the 5% threshold since May of this year. Price pressures appear to be becoming more widespread, encompassing not just goods categories, such as food, energy and vehicles, but also services, including shelter. The latter have historically proven more persistent.
In November, the Federal Reserve took its first steps toward reducing monetary accommodation, announcing a reduction in its monthly asset purchases from the current rate of US$80 billion in Treasuries and US$40 billion in agency mortgage-backed securities. The central bank will reduce purchases of Treasuries by US$10 billion per month and purchases of mortgage-backed securities by US$5 billion per month, putting it on track to cease expanding its balance sheet by the middle of next year. After that point, TD Economics expects the Federal Reserve to raise the federal funds rate in 25 basis points (bps) increments twice in the second half of calendar 2022. The timing and magnitude of future rate increases may be altered should inflationary pressures fail to ease to the central bank’s satisfaction.
After a pullback in activity in the second calendar quarter, the Canadian economy returned to modest growth in the third quarter. Economic reopening has led to stronger growth in service areas of the economy, but drought conditions severely hampered agricultural output through the summer months, while supply chain shortages led to a pullback in manufacturing activity that has lasted through the fall. As these impacts fade, economic activity is expected to
re-accelerate.
While an uptick in virus cases poses a downside risk to the outlook, especially as the winter progresses, Canada’s high rates of vaccination and more consistent implementation of mitigating policies, including mask requirements and vaccine “green passes” for indoor activities, should reduce the likelihood of major disruptions to economic activity. Meanwhile, the large pool of excess savings should continue to support spending over the course of 2022.
One key advantage for the Canadian economy is the outperformance of the labour market, which has seen all of the jobs lost during the initial pandemic shock replaced, and the labour force return to its
pre-pandemic
size. Still, there is room for additional progress. Job growth has been concentrated in a handful of sectors, while employment in high-contact service industries, such as leisure and hospitality, remains well below
pre-COVID
levels. In contrast to the dynamic in the U.S., Canada’s strong labour force growth has limited the improvement in the unemployment rate, which sat at 6.7% in October. As in the United States, demand for labour is high and job growth is expected to remain healthy.
The Canadian housing market has remained resilient. After pulling back in the summer, resale activity has
re-accelerated
in recent months. Average home price growth has also picked up, reflecting tight market conditions across the country. Limited supply may support prices, but the rate of home price growth should slow given the erosion in affordability and an edging up of mortgage rates.
Consumer price inflation in Canada, while lower than in the U.S., has also picked up in recent months, reaching 4.4% in September, the fastest rate in thirteen years. Accelerating food price growth, along with rising energy and shelter costs, have pushed up inflation. Like the U.S. and other advanced economies, Canada is susceptible to further price pressures from prolonged global supply chain disruptions.
The Bank of Canada kept its overnight interest rate at 0.25% in October, but went one step further than the Federal Reserve in ending its asset purchase program outright. With a stronger labour market recovery, this puts the Bank of Canada in a position to begin raising interest rates earlier than the Federal Reserve. TD Economics expects the overnight rate to rise by 25 bps in the second calendar quarter of 2022, with two more 25 bps increases to come before the end of the calendar year. TD Economics expects the Canadian dollar to remain in a range of
79-81
U.S. cents over the next two years.
THE BANK’S RESPONSE TO
COVID-19
Efforts to contain the
COVID-19
pandemic continued to have a profound impact on economies around the world throughout fiscal 2021. In North America, the banking sector implemented a variety of measures in March and April of 2020 to ease the strain on consumers and businesses, some of which continued into 2021. Similarly, governments, crown corporations, central banks, and regulators introduced programs to mitigate the fallout of the crisis and support the effective functioning of financial markets, and some of those measures also remained in place in 2021. TD has been actively engaged in the ongoing effort to respond to the
COVID-19
pandemic, guided by the principles of supporting the
well-being
of its customers and colleagues and maintaining the Bank’s operational and financial resilience.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 3

Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, the Bank enabled substantially all of its employees to work from home. While most of the Bank’s branch and store employees were able to return to their workplaces before the 2021 fiscal year began, approximately 60,000 TD colleagues continued to work from home throughout the 2021 fiscal year, and these arrangements are expected to remain in place for some time. TD’s operations, including the Bank’s technology infrastructure, network capacity, enterprise cloud capabilities, and remote access systems have remained stable in the months since the onset of
COVID-19,
providing ongoing support for work from home arrangements and a continued high level of online and mobile customer traffic. The Bank continues to evaluate its medium- and long-term plans related to
COVID-19,
including the impact of the economic recovery and, for various ‘return to the workplace’ scenarios.
In fiscal 2020, the Bank offered several forms of direct financial assistance to customers experiencing financial hardship due to
COVID-19,
including deferral of loan payments. The bulk of this assistance has largely run its course, except for deferrals of real estate secured loans in the U.S., where the program allowed deferrals for up to 18 months. There have been few other customer requests for extensions. As of October 31, 2021, gross loan balances that remained subject to COVID-related deferral programs were approximately $0.04 billion in Canada, primarily reflecting Small Business Banking and Commercial Lending portfolios ($4.4 billion as at October 31, 2020, primarily reflecting Real Estate Secured Lending, Other Consumer Lending, Small Business Banking and Commercial Lending portfolios), and US$0.49 billion in the United States, primarily in the Real Estate Secured Lending portfolio (US$2.2 billion as at October 31, 2020, primarily reflecting Real Estate Secured Lending, Other Consumer Lending, Small Business Banking and Commercial Lending portfolios). Delinquency rates for customers that have exited deferral are higher than for the broader population but remain low in absolute terms, reflecting the continuation of government support and TD’s proactive outreach to clients. The Bank continues to provide advice and assistance to customers through its usual channels, TD Helps in Canada and TD Cares in the U.S. Any financial relief offered through these channels is not included in the balances disclosed above.
In addition to direct financial assistance, the Bank continued to support programs for individuals and businesses introduced by the Canadian and U.S. governments described below.
Canada Emergency Business Account Program
Under the Canada Emergency Business Account (CEBA) Program, with funding provided by Her Majesty in Right of Canada (the “Government of Canada”) and Export Development Canada (EDC) as the Government of Canada’s agent, the Bank provided eligible business banking customers with an interest-free, partially forgivable loan of up to $60,000 until December 31, 2022. If the loan is not repaid by December 31, 2022, it will be extended for an additional
3-year
term bearing an interest rate of 5% per annum. The application window for new CEBA loans and expansion requests closed on June 30, 2021. The funding provided to the Bank by the Government of Canada in respect of the CEBA Program represents an obligation to pass-through collections on the CEBA loans and is otherwise
non-recourse
to the Bank. As of October 31, 2021, the Bank had provided approximately 213,000 customers (October 31, 2020 – 184,000) with CEBA loans and had funded approximately $11.6 billion (October 31, 2020 – $7.3 billion) in loans under the program.
U.S. Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, Paycheck Protection Program
Under the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) established by the U.S. Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act and implemented by the Small Business Administration (SBA), the Bank provided loans to small businesses to assist them in retaining workers, maintaining payroll, and covering other expenses. PPP loans have a
2-year
or
5-year
term, bear an interest rate of 1% per annum, and are 100% guaranteed by the SBA. The full principal amount of the loan and any accrued interest are eligible for forgiveness if the loan is used for qualifying expenses. The Bank receives fees on PPP loans generally ranging from 1-5% of the loan’s value at origination. The fees are amortized over the life of the loan, with any unamortized amount upon forgiveness being recognized immediately as income. The Bank will be paid by the SBA for any portion of the loan that is forgiven. The application window for new PPP loans closed on May 31, 2021. As of October 31, 2021, the Bank had funded approximately 133,000 PPP loans (October 31, 2020 – 86,000) and had approximately 36,000 PPP loans outstanding (October 31, 2020 – 86,000) with a gross carrying amount of approximately US$3.1 billion (October 31, 2020 – US$8.2 billion). During the year ended October 31, 2021, approximately 47,000 new PPP loans (US$3.6 billion) were originated (October 31, 2020 – 86,000 new PPP loans, US$8.2 billion) and approximately 97,000 PPP loans (US$8.7 billion) were forgiven (October 31, 2020 – nil).
Other Programs
During 2021, the Bank continued to work with federal Crown Corporations, including EDC and the Business Development Bank of Canada (BDC) to deliver various other guarantee and
co-lending
programs for the Bank’s clients. This includes the Highly Affected Sectors Credit Availability Program (HASCAP) Guarantee, which launched in the second fiscal quarter, to provide support to Canadian businesses that have been highly affected by and are facing economic hardship as a result of the
COVID-19
pandemic. In addition, TD continued to work with Canada’s federal government to facilitate access to the Canada Recovery Benefit and Canada Emergency Wage Subsidy through Canada Revenue Agency direct deposit.
HOW THE BANK REPORTS
The Bank prepares its Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with IFRS, the current GAAP, and refers to results prepared in accordance with IFRS as “reported” results.
Non-GAAP
and Other Financial Measures
In addition to reported results, the Bank also presents certain financial measures, including
non-GAAP
financial measures that are historical,
non-GAAP
ratios, supplementary financial measures and capital management measures, to assess its results.
Non-GAAP
financial measures, such as “adjusted” results, are utilized to assess the Bank’s businesses and to measure the Bank’s overall performance. To arrive at adjusted results, the Bank adjusts for “items of note”, from reported results. Items of note are items which management does not believe are indicative of underlying business performance and are disclosed in Table 3.
Non-GAAP
ratios include a
non-GAAP
financial measure as one or more of its components. Examples of
non-GAAP
ratios include adjusted basic and diluted earnings per share (EPS), adjusted dividend payout ratio, adjusted efficiency ratio, and adjusted effective income tax rate. The Bank believes that
non-GAAP
financial measures and
non-GAAP
ratios provide the reader with a better understanding of how management views the Bank’s performance.
Non-GAAP
financial measures and
non-GAAP
ratios used in this document are not defined terms under IFRS and, therefore, may not be comparable to similar terms used by other issuers. Supplementary financial measures depict the Bank’s financial performance and position, and capital management measures depict the Bank’s capital position, and both are explained in this document where they first appear.
U.S. Strategic Cards
The Bank’s U.S. strategic cards portfolio is comprised of agreements with certain U.S. retailers pursuant to which TD is the U.S. issuer of private label and
co-branded
consumer credit cards to their U.S. customers. Under the terms of the individual agreements, the Bank and the retailers share in the profits generated by the relevant portfolios after credit losses. Under IFRS, TD is required to present the gross amount of revenue and provisions for credit losses (PCL) related to these portfolios in the Bank’s Consolidated Statement of Income. At the segment level, the retailer program partners’ share of revenues and credit losses is presented in the Corporate segment, with an offsetting amount (representing the partners’ net share) recorded in
Non-interest
expenses, resulting in no impact to Corporate’s reported Net income (loss). The Net income (loss) included in the U.S. Retail segment includes only the portion of revenue and credit losses attributable to TD under the agreements.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 4

Investment in The Charles Schwab Corporation
On October 6, 2020, the Bank acquired an approximately 13.5% stake in Schwab following the completion of Schwab’s acquisition of TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation (“TD Ameritrade”) of which the Bank was a major shareholder (the “Schwab transaction”). For further details, refer to Note 12 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements. The Bank’s share of Schwab’s earnings is reported with a one-month lag, and the Bank started recording its share of Schwab’s earnings on this basis in the first quarter of fiscal 2021. The U.S. Retail segment reflects the Bank’s share of net income from its investment in Schwab. The Corporate segment net income (loss) includes amounts for amortization of acquired intangibles and the acquisition and integration charges related to the Schwab transaction.
On November 25, 2019, the Bank and Schwab entered into an insured deposit account agreement (the “Schwab IDA Agreement”), which became effective upon closing of the Schwab transaction and has an initial expiration date of July 1, 2031. Refer to the “Related Party Transactions” section of this document for further details.
SIGNIFICANT ACQUISITIONS
The Bank completed two acquisitions during fiscal 2021:
Acquisition of Wells Fargo & Company’s Canadian Direct Equipment Finance Business
On May 1, 2021, the Bank acquired the Canadian Direct Equipment Finance business of Wells Fargo & Company. The results of the acquired business have been consolidated from the acquisition date and included in the Canadian Retail segment.
Acquisition of Headlands Tech Global Markets, LLC
On July 1, 2021, the Bank acquired Headlands Tech Global Markets, LLC, a Chicago based quantitative fixed income trading company. The results of the acquired business have been consolidated from the acquisition date and included in the Wholesale segment.
These acquisitions were accounted for as business combinations under the purchase method. The excess of accounting consideration over the fair value of tangible net assets acquired is allocated to other intangibles and goodwill.
The following table provides the operating results on a reported basis for the Bank.
 
TABLE 2: OPERATING RESULTS – Reported
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
2021
 
    2020        2019  
Net interest income
  
$
    24,131
 
  $     24,497      $     23,821  
Non-interest
income
  
 
18,562
 
    19,149        17,244  
Total revenue
  
 
42,693
 
    43,646        41,065  
Provision for credit losses
  
 
(224
) 
    7,242        3,029  
Insurance claims and related expenses
  
 
2,707
 
    2,886        2,787  
Non-interest
expenses
  
 
23,076
 
    21,604        22,020  
Income before income taxes and share of net income from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade
  
 
17,134
 
    11,914        13,229  
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes
  
 
3,621
 
    1,152        2,735  
Share of net income from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade
  
 
785
 
    1,133        1,192  
Net income – reported
  
 
14,298
 
    11,895        11,686  
Preferred dividends and distributions on other equity instruments
  
 
249
 
    267        252  
Net income available to common shareholders and
non-controlling
interests in subsidiaries
  
$
14,049
 
  $ 11,628      $ 11,434  
Attributable to:
       
Common shareholders
  
$
14,049
 
  $ 11,628      $ 11,416  
Non-controlling
interests
  
 
–
 
    –        18  
 
1
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 5

TABLE
3:  NON-GAAP
FINANCIAL MEASURES – Reconciliation of Adjusted to Reported Net Income
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
2021
 
    2020       2019  
Operating results – adjusted
                        
Net interest income
  
$
    24,131
 
  $     24,497     $     23,821  
       
Non-interest
income
2
  
 
18,562
 
    17,728       17,244  
Total revenue
  
 
42,693
 
    42,225       41,065  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses
  
 
(224
) 
    7,242       3,029  
Insurance claims and related expenses
  
 
2,707
 
    2,886       2,787  
       
Non-interest
expenses
3
  
 
22,909
 
    21,338       21,085  
Income before income taxes and share of net income from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade
  
 
17,301
 
    10,759       14,164  
Provision for income taxes
  
 
3,658
 
    2,020       2,949  
       
Share of net income from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade
4
  
 
1,006
 
    1,229       1,288  
Net income – adjusted
  
 
14,649
 
    9,968       12,503  
       
Preferred dividends and distributions on other equity instruments
  
 
249
 
    267       252  
       
Net income available to common shareholders and
non-controlling
interests in subsidiaries – adjusted
  
 
14,400
 
    9,701       12,251  
Attributable to:
                        
       
Non-controlling
interests in subsidiaries, net of income taxes
  
 
–
 
    –       18  
Net income available to common shareholders – adjusted
  
 
14,400
 
    9,701       12,233  
Pre-tax
adjustments for items of note
                        
Amortization of acquired intangibles
5
  
 
(285
) 
    (262 )      (307 ) 
Acquisition and integration charges related to the Schwab transaction
6
  
 
(103
) 
    –       –  
Net gain on sale of the investment in TD Ameritrade
2
  
 
–
 
    1,421       –  
Charges associated with the acquisition of Greystone
3
  
 
–
 
    (100 )      (117 ) 
Charges related to the long-term loyalty agreement with Air Canada
3
  
 
–
 
    –       (607 ) 
Less: Impact of income taxes
                        
Amortization of acquired intangibles
  
 
(32
) 
    (37 )      (48 ) 
Acquisition and integration charges related to the Schwab transaction
6
  
 
(5
) 
    –       –  
Net gain on sale of the investment in TD Ameritrade
  
 
–
 
    (829 )      –  
Charges associated with the acquisition of Greystone
  
 
–
 
    (2 )      (5 ) 
       
Charges related to the long-term loyalty agreement with Air Canada
  
 
–
 
    –       (161 ) 
       
Total adjustments for items of note
  
 
(351
) 
    1,927       (817 ) 
Net income available to common shareholders – reported
  
$
14,049
 
  $ 11,628     $ 11,416  
 
1
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
 
2
Adjusted
non-interest
income excludes the following item of note related to the Bank’s own asset acquisitions and business combinations:
  i.
Net gain on sale of the investment in TD Ameritrade – 2020: $1,421 million. This amount was reported in the Corporate segment.
 
3
Adjusted
non-interest
expenses exclude the following items of note related to the Bank’s asset acquisitions and business combinations:
  i.
Amortization of acquired intangibles – 2021: $148 million; 2020: $166 million; 2019: $211 million. These charges are reported in the Corporate segment.
  ii.
The Bank’s own integration costs related to the Schwab transaction – 2021: $19 million. These costs are reported in the Corporate segment.
  iii.
Charges associated with the acquisition of Greystone – 2020: $100 million; 2019: $117 million. These charges were reported in the Canadian Retail segment.
  iv.
Charges related to the long-term loyalty agreement with Air Canada – 2019: $607 million; this amount was reported in the Canadian Retail segment.
 
4
Adjusted share of net income from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade excludes the following items of note on an
after-tax
basis. The earnings impact of both items is reported in the Corporate segment:
  i.
Amortization of Schwab and TD Ameritrade-related acquired intangibles – 2021: $137 million; 2020: $96 million; 2019: $96 million; and
  ii.
The Bank’s share of acquisition and integration charges associated with Schwab’s acquisition of TD Ameritrade – 2021: $84 million.
 
5
Amortization of acquired intangibles relates to intangibles acquired as a result of asset acquisitions and business combinations, including the
after-tax
amounts for amortization of acquired intangibles relating to the Share of net income from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade, both reported in the Corporate segment. Refer to footnotes 3 and 4 for amounts.
 
6
Acquisition and integration charges related to the Schwab transaction include the Bank’s own integration costs, as well as the Bank’s share of acquisition and integration charges associated with Schwab’s acquisition of TD Ameritrade on an
after-tax
basis, both reported in the Corporate segment. Refer to footnotes 3 and 4 for amounts.
 
TABLE 4:  RECONCILIATION OF REPORTED TO ADJUSTED EARNINGS PER SHARE
1
 
(Canadian dollars)
  
 
2021
 
     2020       2019  
Basic earnings per share – reported
  
$
7.73
 
   $ 6.43     $ 6.26  
       
Adjustments for items of note
  
 
0.19
 
     (1.06 )      0.45  
Basic earnings per share – adjusted
  
$
7.92
 
   $ 5.37     $ 6.71  
                           
Diluted earnings per share – reported
  
$
7.72
 
   $ 6.43     $ 6.25  
       
Adjustments for items of note
  
 
0.19
 
     (1.07 )      0.44  
Diluted earnings per share – adjusted
  
$
    7.91
 
   $     5.36     $     6.69  
 
1
 
EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the period.
 
TABLE 5:  AMORTIZATION OF INTANGIBLES, NET OF INCOME TAXES
1,2
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
2021
 
     2020        2019  
TD Bank, National Association (TD Bank, N.A.)
  
$
27
 
   $ 51      $ 76  
Schwab and TD Ameritrade
  
 
137
 
     96        96  
MBNA Canada
  
 
27
 
     27        40  
Aeroplan
  
 
23
 
     17        17  
       
Other
  
 
39
 
     34        30  
    
 
253
 
     225        259  
       
Software and asset servicing rights
  
 
436
 
     523        469  
Amortization of intangibles, net of income taxes
  
$
689
 
   $ 748      $ 728  
 
1
 
Amortization of intangibles, with the exception of software and asset servicing rights, are included as items of note.
2
 
Included in Share of net income from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 6

RETURN ON COMMON EQUITY
The consolidated Bank ROE is calculated as reported net income available to common shareholders as a percentage of average common equity. The consolidated Bank adjusted ROE is calculated as adjusted net income available to common shareholders as a percentage of average common equity. Adjusted ROE is a
non-GAAP
ratio, and can be utilized in assessing the Bank’s use of equity.
ROE for the business segments is calculated as the segment net income attributable to common shareholders as a percentage of average allocated capital. The Bank’s methodology for allocating capital to its business segments is largely aligned with the common equity capital requirements under Basel III. Capital allocated to the business segments was decreased to 9% Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) Capital effective the second quarter of 2020 compared with 10.5% in the first quarter of 2020, and 10% in fiscal 2019.
 
TABLE 6:  RETURN ON COMMON EQUITY
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
 
2021
 
    2020       2019  
       
Average common equity
  
$
    90,677
 
  $     85,203     $     78,638  
Net income available to common shareholders – reported
  
 
14,049
 
    11,628       11,416  
       
Items of note, net of income taxes
  
 
351
 
    (1,927 )      817  
Net income available to common shareholders – adjusted
  
$
14,400
 
  $ 9,701     $ 12,233  
Return on common equity – reported
  
 
15.5
 % 
    13.6  %      14.5  % 
       
Return on common equity – adjusted
  
 
15.9
 
    11.4       15.6  
RETURN ON TANGIBLE COMMON EQUITY
Tangible common equity (TCE) is calculated as common shareholders’ equity less goodwill, imputed goodwill and intangibles on the investments in Schwab and TD Ameritrade and other acquired intangible assets, net of related deferred tax liabilities. ROTCE is calculated as reported net income available to common shareholders after adjusting for the
after-tax
amortization of acquired intangibles, which are treated as an item of note, as a percentage of average TCE. Adjusted ROTCE is calculated using reported net income available to common shareholders, adjusted for all items of note, as a percentage of average TCE. TCE, ROTCE, and adjusted ROTCE can be utilized in assessing the Bank’s use of equity. TCE is a
non-GAAP
financial measure, and ROTCE and adjusted ROTCE are
non-GAAP
ratios.
 
TABLE 7:  RETURN ON TANGIBLE COMMON EQUITY
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
 
2021
 
    2020       2019  
       
Average common equity
  
$
    90,677
 
  $     85,203     $     78,638  
Average goodwill
  
 
16,404
 
    17,261       17,070  
Average imputed goodwill and intangibles on investments in Schwab and TD Ameritrade
  
 
6,667
 
    4,369       4,146  
Average other acquired intangibles
1
  
 
439
 
    509       662  
       
Average related deferred tax liabilities
  
 
(171
) 
    (255 )      (260 ) 
       
Average tangible common equity
  
 
67,338
 
    63,319       57,020  
Net income available to common shareholders – reported
  
 
14,049
 
    11,628       11,416  
       
Amortization of acquired intangibles, net of income taxes
  
 
253
 
    225       259  
Net income available to common shareholders adjusted for amortization of acquired intangibles, net of income taxes
  
 
14,302
 
    11,853       11,675  
       
Other items of note, net of income taxes
  
 
98
 
    (2,152 )      558  
Net income available to common shareholders – adjusted
  
$
14,400
 
  $ 9,701     $ 12,233  
Return on tangible common equity
  
 
21.2
 % 
    18.7  %      20.5  % 
       
Return on tangible common equity – adjusted
  
 
21.4
 
    15.3       21.5  
 
1
Excludes intangibles relating to software and asset servicing rights.
IMPACT OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ON U.S. RETAIL SEGMENT TRANSLATED EARNINGS
The following table reflects the estimated impact of foreign currency translation on key U.S. Retail segment income statement items. The impact is calculated as the difference in translated earnings using the average U.S. to Canadian dollars exchange rates in the periods noted.
 
TABLE 8:  IMPACT OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE ON U.S. RETAIL SEGMENT TRANSLATED EARNINGS
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)   
2021 vs. 2020
Increase (Decrease)
    2020 vs. 2019
Increase (Decrease)
 
U.S. Retail Bank
                
Total revenue
  
$
(752
) 
  $ 138  
     
Non-interest
expenses
  
 
(443
) 
    83  
     
Net income – after tax
  
 
(300
) 
    3  
     
Share of net income from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade
1
  
 
(57
) 
    15  
     
U.S. Retail segment net income – after tax
  
 
(357
) 
    18  
Earnings per share
(Canadian dollars)
                
Basic
  
$
(0.20
) 
  $ 0.01  
     
Diluted
  
 
(0.20
) 
    0.01  
 
1
Share of net income from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade and the foreign exchange impact are reported with a
one-month
lag.
 
Average foreign exchange rate (equivalent of CAD $1.00)
 
 
2021
 
    2020       2019  
U.S. dollar
 
 
0.795
 
    0.743       0.753  
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 7

 
FINANCIAL RESULTS OVERVIEW
Net Income
 
Reported net income for the year was $14,298 million, an increase of $2,403 million, or 20%, compared with last year. The increase primarily reflects lower PCL, higher revenues in the Canadian Retail business, and lower insurance claims and related expenses, partially offset by a net gain on sale of the Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade in the prior year, higher non-interest expenses, lower revenue in the U.S. Retail business and a lower contribution from the Bank’s investment in Schwab as compared with the contribution from the Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade in the prior year. On an adjusted basis, net income for the year was $14,649 million, an increase of $4,681 million, or 47%, compared with last year. The reported ROE for the year was 15.5%, compared with 13.6% last year. The adjusted ROE for the year was 15.9%, compared with 11.4% last year.
By segment, the increase in reported net income reflects an increase in Canadian Retail of $2,455 million, an increase in U.S. Retail of $1,959 million and an increase in Wholesale Banking of $152 million, partially offset by a decrease in the Corporate segment of $2,163 million.
Reported diluted EPS for the year was $7.72, an increase of 20%, compared with $6.43 last year. Adjusted diluted EPS for the year was $7.91, a 48% increase, compared with $5.36 last year.

 
        
                            
 
     
                                  
 
 
1
 
Amounts exclude Corporate segment
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 8

 
FINANCIAL RESULTS OVERVIEW
Revenue
 
Reported revenue was $42,693 million, a decrease of $953 million, or 2%, compared with last year. Adjusted revenue was $42,693 million, an increase of $468 million, or 1%, compared with last year.
 
NET INTEREST INCOME
Net interest income for the year was $24,131 million, a decrease of $366 million, or 1%, compared with last year. The decrease reflects lower margins in the Canadian and U.S. Retail segments, and the impact of foreign exchange translation, partially offset by volume growth in the personal and commercial banking businesses, and higher trading net interest income.
By segment, the decrease in reported net interest income reflects a decrease in U.S. Retail of $760 million, a decrease in the Corporate segment of $142 million, and a decrease in Canadian Retail of $104 million, partially offset by an increase in Wholesale Banking of $640 million.
 
NET INTEREST MARGIN
Net interest margin is calculated by dividing net interest income by average interest-earning assets. This metric is an indicator of the profitability of the Bank’s earning assets less the cost of funding. Net interest margin decreased by 16 bps during the year to 1.56%, compared with 1.72% last year, primarily reflecting the impact of lower interest rates and higher deposit balances in the personal and commercial banking businesses. Average
interest-earning
assets used in the calculation is a
non-GAAP
financial measure and net interest margin is a
non-GAAP
ratio. They are not defined terms under IFRS and, therefore, may not be comparable to similar terms used by other issuers.
 
NON-INTEREST
INCOME
Reported
non-interest
income for the year was $18,562 million, a decrease of $587 million, or 3%, compared with last year reflecting the net gain on sale of the Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade in the prior year. On an adjusted basis,
non-interest
income for the year was $18,562 million, an increase of $834 million, or 5%, compared with last year reflecting higher fee and transaction-based revenue in the wealth and banking businesses, insurance volumes, and higher revenue from treasury and balance sheet management activities. These were partially offset by lower wholesale trading revenue, and a decrease in the fair value of investments supporting claims liabilities which resulted in a similar decrease in insurance claims.
    
 
By segment, the decrease in reported
non-interest
income reflects a decrease in the Corporate segment of $1,212 million, and a decrease in Wholesale Banking of $898 million, partially offset by an increase in Canadian Retail of $1,277 million and an increase in U.S. Retail of $246 million.
 
TABLE
9:  NON-INTEREST
INCOME
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
 
2021 vs. 2020
 
 
  
 
2021
 
     2020        2019     
 
% change
 
Investment and securities services
                                   
Broker dealer fees and commissions
  
$
1,095
 
   $ 865      $ 637     
 
27
 
Full-service brokerage and other securities services
  
 
1,453
 
     1,224        1,191     
 
19
 
Underwriting and advisory
  
 
816
 
     717        520     
 
14
 
Investment management fees
  
 
649
 
     623        629     
 
4
 
Mutual fund management
  
 
2,052
 
     1,797        1,768     
 
14
 
         
Trust fees
  
 
114
 
     115        127     
 
(1
) 
         
Total investment and securities services
  
 
6,179
 
     5,341        4,872     
 
16
 
Credit fees
  
 
1,453
 
     1,400        1,289     
 
4
 
Net securities gains (losses)
  
 
14
 
     40        78     
 
(65
) 
Trading income (losses)
  
 
313
 
     1,404        1,047     
 
(78
) 
Service charges
  
 
2,655
 
     2,593        2,885     
 
2
 
Card services
  
 
2,435
 
     2,154        2,465     
 
13
 
Insurance revenue
  
 
4,877
 
     4,565        4,282     
 
7
 
         
Other income (loss)
  
 
636
 
     1,652        326     
 
(62
) 
Total
  
$
    18,562
 
   $     19,149      $     17,244     
 
(3
) 
 
1
 
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 9

TRADING-RELATED REVENUE
Trading-related revenue is the total of trading income (loss), net interest income on trading positions, and income (loss) from financial instruments designated at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) that are managed within a trading portfolio. Trading income (loss) includes realized and unrealized gains and losses on trading assets and liabilities. Net interest income on trading positions arises from interest and dividends related to trading assets and liabilities and is reported net of interest expense and income associated with funding these assets and liabilities in the following table. Trading-related revenue excludes underwriting fees and commissions on securities transactions. Trading-related revenue is a
non-GAAP
financial measure, which is not a defined term under IFRS and, therefore, may not be comparable to similar terms used by other issuers. Management believes that the trading-related revenue is an appropriate measure of trading performance.
Trading-related revenue by product line depicts trading income for each major trading category.
 
TABLE 10:  TRADING-RELATED REVENUE
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
For the years ended October 31
 
 
  
 
2021
 
     2020        2019  
Trading income (loss)
  
$
313
 
   $ 1,404      $ 1,047  
Net interest income (loss)
1
  
 
1,892
 
     1,325        293  
       
Income (Loss) from financial instruments designated at fair value through profit or loss
2
  
 
18
 
     53        (10 ) 
Total
  
$
2,223
 
   $ 2,782      $ 1,330  
       
Trading-related TEB adjustment
  
 
122
 
     159        127  
Total trading-related revenue (TEB)
3
  
$
2,345
 
   $ 2,941      $ 1,457  
By product
                          
Interest rate and credit
  
$
931
 
   $ 1,717      $ 413  
Foreign exchange
  
 
792
 
     766        677  
       
Equity and other
  
 
500
 
     299        240  
Total
  
$
    2,223
 
   $     2,782      $     1,330  
       
Trading-related TEB adjustment
  
 
122
 
     159        127  
Total trading-related revenue (TEB)
3
  
$
2,345
 
   $ 2,941      $ 1,457  
 
1
 
Excludes taxable equivalent basis (TEB).
2
 
Excludes amounts related to securities designated at FVTPL that are not managed within a trading portfolio, but which have been combined with derivatives to form economic hedging relationships.
3
 
Includes Wholesale Banking trading-related revenue (TEB) of $2,279 million (2020 – $2,940 million, 2019 – $1,573 million). For additional information about TEB adjustment, refer to the “Business Focus” section of this document.
 
 
FINANCIAL RESULTS OVERVIEW
Provision for Credit Losses
 
PCL for the year was a recovery of $224 million, lower by $7,466 million, compared with last year. PCL – impaired was $1,309 million, a decrease of $1,654 million, or 56%, largely related to improved credit conditions and prior year credit migration in the Wholesale lending portfolio. PCL – performing was a recovery of $1,533 million, lower by $5,812 million, reflecting a performing allowance increase in the prior year, and allowance release this year largely related to improved credit conditions, including a more favourable economic outlook. Total PCL as a percentage of credit volume was
-0.03%.
By segment, PCL was lower by $3,175 million in U.S. Retail, by $2,488 million in Canadian Retail, by $1,177 million in the Corporate segment, and by $626 million in Wholesale Banking.
                
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 10

 
FINANCIAL RESULTS OVERVIEW
Expenses
 
NON-INTEREST
EXPENSES
Reported
non-interest
expenses for the year were $23,076 million, an increase of $1,472 million, or 7%, reflecting an increase in the retailer program partners’ net share of the profits from the U.S. strategic cards portfolio, primarily as a result of lower PCL which accounted for approximately 5% of the increase.
Non-interest
expenses also reflect higher employee-related expenses and higher spend supporting business growth, partially offset by the impact of foreign exchange translation and prior year charges related to the Greystone acquisition, which collectively accounted for 2% of the increase. On an adjusted basis,
non-interest
expenses were $22,909 million, an increase of $1,571 million, or 7%.
By segment, the increase in reported
non-interest
expenses reflects an increase in the Corporate segment of $881 million, an increase in Canadian Retail of $562 million and an increase in Wholesale Banking of $191 million, partially offset by a decrease in U.S. Retail of $162 million.
 
        
 
 
        
  
INSURANCE CLAIMS AND RELATED EXPENSES
Insurance claims and related expenses were $2,707 million, a decrease of $179 million, or 6%, compared with last year reflecting more favourable current year claims experience and a decrease in the fair value of investments supporting claims liabilities which resulted in a similar decrease in
non-interest
income, partially offset by higher current year claims from business growth.
EFFICIENCY RATIO
The efficiency ratio measures operating efficiency and is calculated by taking the
non-interest
expenses as a percentage of total revenue. A lower ratio indicates a more efficient business operation.
The reported efficiency ratio was 54.1%, compared with 49.5% last year. The adjusted efficiency ratio was 53.7%, compared with 50.5% last year.
 
TABLE
11:  NON-INTEREST
EXPENSES AND EFFICIENCY RATIO
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
 
2021 vs. 2020
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
2021
 
    2020       2019    
 
% change
 
 
 
 
 
Salaries and employee benefits
          
Salaries
  
$
7,250
 
  $ 7,225     $ 6,921    
 
–
 
 
Incentive compensation
  
 
3,074
 
    2,785       2,682    
 
10
 
 
Pension and other employee benefits
  
 
2,054
 
    1,883       1,653    
 
9
 
 
 
 
 
Total salaries and employee benefits
  
 
12,378
 
    11,893       11,256    
 
4
 
 
 
 
 
Occupancy
          
Rent
2
  
 
274
 
    349       944    
 
(21
) 
 
Depreciation and impairment losses
  
 
1,121
 
    1,101       405    
 
2
 
 
Other
  
 
487
 
    540       486    
 
(10
) 
 
 
 
 
Total occupancy
  
 
1,882
 
    1,990       1,835    
 
(5
) 
 
 
 
 
Technology and Equipment
          
Equipment, data processing and licenses
2
  
 
1,455
 
    1,411       1,281    
 
3
 
 
Depreciation and impairment losses
  
 
239
 
    223       200    
 
7
 
 
 
 
 
Total technology and equipment
  
 
1,694
 
    1,634       1,481    
 
4
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of other intangibles
  
 
706
 
    817       800    
 
(14
) 
 
Communication and marketing
  
 
1,203
 
    1,187       1,202    
 
1
 
 
Restructuring charges
  
 
47
 
    (16 )      175    
 
394
 
 
Brokerage-related and
sub-advisory
fees
  
 
427
 
    362       336    
 
18
 
 
Professional, advisory and outside services
  
 
1,620
 
    1,451       1,666    
 
12
 
 
Other expenses
  
 
3,119
 
    2,286       3,269    
 
36
 
 
 
 
 
Total expenses
  
$
    23,076
 
  $     21,604     $     22,020    
 
7
 
 
 
 
 
Efficiency ratio – reported
  
 
54.1
 % 
    49.5  %      53.6  %   
 
460
 
 
 
bps
 
Efficiency ratio – adjusted
  
 
53.7
 
    50.5       51.3    
 
320
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
2
Upon adoption of IFRS 16,
Leases
(IFRS 16) interest expense is recognized on lease liabilities in Net interest income and depreciation expense is recognized on
right-of-use
(ROU) assets in
Non-interest
expense. Previously under IAS 17,
Leases
net rental expense on operating leases were recorded in
Non-interest
expense. Remaining rent expenses reflect the payments exempt from IFRS 16.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 11

 
FINANCIAL RESULTS OVERVIEW
Taxes
Reported total income and other taxes increased by $2,509 million, or 91.7%, compared with last year, reflecting an increase in income tax expense of $2,469 million, or 214.3%, and an increase in other taxes of $40 million, or 2.5%. Adjusted total income and other taxes increased by $1,678 million from last year, or 46.6%, reflecting an increase in income tax expense of $1,638 million, or 81.1%.
The Bank’s reported effective tax rate was 21.1% for 2021, compared with 9.7% last year. The year-over-year increase primarily reflects the impact of higher
pre-tax
income as well as the impact of the sale of the Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade in the prior year. For a reconciliation of the Bank’s effective income tax rate with the Canadian statutory income tax rate, refer to Note 25 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Bank reported its investments in Schwab and TD Ameritrade using the equity method of accounting. Schwab’s tax expense ($280 million in the current year) and TD Ameritrade’s tax expense ($378 million in the prior year) were not part of the Bank’s effective tax rate.
To allow for an
after-tax
calculation of adjusted income, the adjusted provision for income taxes is calculated by adjusting the taxes for each item of note using the statutory income tax rate of the applicable legal entity. The adjusted effective income tax rate is calculated as the adjusted provision for income taxes before other taxes as a percentage of adjusted net income before taxes. The Bank’s adjusted effective income tax rate for 2021 was 21.1%, compared with 18.8% last year. The year-over-year increase primarily reflects the impact of higher adjusted
pre-tax
income. Adjusted results are not defined terms under IFRS and, therefore, may not be comparable to similar terms used by other issuers.
 
TABLE 12:  INCOME TAXES – Reconciliation of Reported to Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
 
2021
 
    2020       2019  
Provision for income taxes – reported
  
$
    3,621
 
  $     1,152     $     2,735  
Total adjustments for items of note
  
 
37
 
    868       214  
Provision for income taxes – adjusted
  
 
3,658
 
    2,020       2,949  
Other taxes
      
Payroll
  
 
635
 
    602       587  
Capital and premium
  
 
201
 
    186       168  
GST, HST, and provincial sales
1
  
 
535
 
    539       678  
Municipal and business
  
 
253
 
    257       243  
Total other taxes
  
 
1,624
 
    1,584       1,676  
Total taxes – adjusted
  
$
5,282
 
  $ 3,604     $ 4,625  
Effective income tax rate – reported
  
 
21.1
 % 
    9.7  %      20.7  % 
Effective income tax rate – adjusted
  
 
21.1
 
    18.8       20.8  
 
1
Goods and services tax (GST) and Harmonized sales tax (HST).
 
 
FINANCIAL RESULTS OVERVIEW
Quarterly Financial Information
FOURTH QUARTER 2021 PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
Reported net income for the quarter was $3,781 million, a decrease of $1,362 million, or 26%, compared with the fourth quarter last year. The decrease reflects the net gain on sale of the Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade in the prior year. On an adjusted basis, net income for the quarter was $3,866 million, an increase of $896 million, or 30%, compared with the fourth quarter last year, reflecting lower PCL and higher revenues, partially offset by higher
non-interest
expenses. Reported diluted EPS for the quarter was $2.04, a decrease of 27%, compared with $2.80 in the fourth quarter of last year. Adjusted diluted EPS for the quarter was $2.09, an increase of 31%, compared with $1.60 in the fourth quarter of last year.
Reported revenue for the quarter was $10,941 million, a decrease of $903 million, or 8%, compared with the fourth quarter last year. Adjusted revenue for the quarter was $10,941 million, an increase of $518 million, or 5%, compared with the fourth quarter last year.
Reported net interest income for the quarter was $6,262 million, an increase of $235 million, or 4%, primarily reflecting volume growth in the personal and commercial banking businesses, accelerated fee amortization from PPP loan forgiveness, and higher trading net interest income, partially offset by lower margins and the impact of foreign exchange translation. By segment, the increase in reported net interest income reflects an increase in Canadian Retail of $80 million, an increase in Wholesale Banking of $80 million, an increase in the Corporate segment of $43 million, and an increase in U.S. Retail of $32 million.
Reported
non-interest
income for the quarter was $4,679 million, a decrease of $1,138 million, or 20%, reflecting the net gain on sale of the Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade in the prior year. Adjusted
non-interest
income for the quarter was $4,679 million, an increase of $283 million, or 6%, reflecting higher
fee-based
revenue in the wealth and personal and commercial banking businesses, higher insurance volumes, and higher underwriting and advisory fees, partially offset by lower wholesale trading revenue. By segment, the decrease in reported
non-interest
income reflects a decrease in the Corporate segment of $1,396 million, and a decrease in Wholesale Banking of $184 million, partially offset by an increase in Canadian Retail of $411 million, and an increase in U.S. Retail of $31 million.
PCL for the quarter was a recovery of $123 million, lower by $1,040 million compared with the fourth quarter last year. PCL – impaired for the quarter was $220 million, a decrease of $139 million, or 39%, largely related to improved credit conditions. PCL – performing for the quarter was a recovery of $343 million, lower by $901 million, reflecting a performing allowance increase in the prior year, and allowance release this quarter largely related to improved credit conditions. Total PCL for the quarter as an annualized percentage of credit volume was
-0.07%.
By segment, PCL was lower by $648 million in U.S. Retail, by $198 million in Canadian Retail, by $123 million in the Corporate segment and by $71 million in Wholesale Banking.
Insurance claims and related expenses for the quarter were $650 million, an increase of $20 million, or 3%, compared with the fourth quarter last year reflecting less favourable prior years’ claims development and higher current year claims from business growth, partially offset by improved current year claims experience and a decrease in the fair value of investments supporting claims liabilities which resulted in a similar decrease in
non-interest
income.
Reported
non-interest
expenses for the quarter were $5,947 million, an increase of $238 million, or 4%, compared with the fourth quarter last year reflecting higher employee-related expenses, higher spend supporting business growth, partially offset by lower corporate real estate optimization costs and the impact of foreign exchange translation, which collectively accounted for 2% of the increase.
Non-interest
expenses also reflect an increase in the retailer program partners’ net share of the profits from the U.S. strategic cards portfolio, primarily as a result of lower PCL, which accounted for approximately 2% of the increase. By segment, the increase in reported
non-interest
expenses reflects an increase in Canadian Retail of $228 million, and an increase in Wholesale Banking of $77 million, partially offset by a decrease in U.S. Retail of $43 million and a decrease in the Corporate segment of $24 million. Adjusted
non-interest
expenses for the quarter were $5,898 million, an increase of $252 million, or 4%, compared with the fourth quarter last year.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 12

The Bank’s reported effective tax rate was 20.4% for the quarter, compared with
-4.4%
in the same quarter last year. The year-over-year increase primarily reflects the impact of the sale of the Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade in the prior year.
The Bank’s adjusted effective tax rate was 20.4% for the quarter, compared with 19.7% in the same quarter last year. The year-over-year increase primarily reflects the impact of higher adjusted
pre-tax
income, partially offset by changes to the estimated liability for uncertain tax positions.
QUARTERLY TREND ANALYSIS
The
COVID-19
pandemic continued to have a significant impact on TD’s financial performance in 2021. As the year progressed, earnings benefited from a more favourable economic outlook and improving credit conditions, resulting in significantly lower PCL, particularly in the second and third quarters. While low interest rates continued to pressure net interest margins, revenue increased on higher volumes and rising customer activity, primarily in the Canadian Retail business. Expenses were higher, reflecting employee-related expenses including variable compensation and investments in support of business growth. The Bank’s quarterly earnings were impacted by, among other things, seasonality, the number of days in a quarter, the economic environment in Canada and the U.S., and foreign currency translation.
 
TABLE 13:  QUARTERLY RESULTS
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)                               
For the three months ended
 
    
2021
    2020  
     
Oct. 31
   
Jul. 31
   
Apr. 30
   
Jan. 31
    Oct. 31     Jul. 31     Apr. 30     Jan. 31  
Net interest income
  
$
6,262
 
 
$
6,004
 
 
$
5,835
 
 
$
6,030
 
  $ 6,027     $ 6,101     $ 6,200     $ 6,169  
Non-interest
income
  
 
4,679
 
 
 
4,708
 
 
 
4,393
 
 
 
4,782
 
    5,817       4,564       4,328       4,440  
Total revenue
  
 
    10,941
 
 
 
    10,712
 
 
 
  10,228
 
 
 
    10,812
 
        11,844           10,665         10,528           10,609  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses
  
 
(123
) 
 
 
(37
) 
 
 
(377
) 
 
 
313
 
    917       2,188       3,218       919  
Insurance claims and related expenses
  
 
650
 
 
 
836
 
 
 
441
 
 
 
780
 
    630       805       671       780  
Non-interest
expenses
  
 
5,947
 
 
 
5,616
 
 
 
5,729
 
 
 
5,784
 
    5,709       5,307       5,121       5,467  
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes
  
 
910
 
 
 
922
 
 
 
962
 
 
 
827
 
    (202 )      445       250       659  
Share of net income from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade
  
 
224
 
 
 
170
 
 
 
222
 
 
 
169
 
    353       328       247       205  
Net income – reported
  
 
3,781
 
 
 
3,545
 
 
 
3,695
 
 
 
3,277
 
    5,143       2,248       1,515       2,989  
Pre-tax
adjustments for items of note
2
                
Amortization of acquired intangibles
  
 
74
 
 
 
68
 
 
 
69
 
 
 
74
 
    61       63       68       70  
Acquisition and integration charges related to the Schwab transaction
  
 
22
 
 
 
24
 
 
 
19
 
 
 
38
 
    –       –       –       –  
Net gain on sale of the investment in TD Ameritrade
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    (1,421 )      –       –       –  
Charges associated with the acquisition of Greystone
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    25       25       26       24  
Total
pre-tax
adjustments for items of note
  
 
96
 
 
 
92
 
 
 
88
 
 
 
112
 
    (1,335 )      88       94       94  
Less: Impact of income taxes
2
  
 
11
 
 
 
9
 
 
 
8
 
 
 
9
 
    838       9       10       11  
Net income – adjusted
  
 
3,866
 
 
 
3,628
 
 
 
3,775
 
 
 
3,380
 
    2,970       2,327       1,599       3,072  
Preferred dividends and distributions on other equity instruments
  
 
63
 
 
 
56
 
 
 
65
 
 
 
65
 
    64       68       68       67  
Net income available to common shareholders – adjusted
  
$
3,803
 
 
$
3,572
 
 
$
3,710
 
 
$
3,315
 
  $ 2,906     $ 2,259     $ 1,531     $ 3,005  
(Canadian dollars, except as noted)
                                                                
Basic earnings per share
                
Reported
  
$
2.04
 
 
$
1.92
 
 
$
2.00
 
 
$
1.77
 
  $ 2.80     $ 1.21     $ 0.80     $ 1.61  
Adjusted
  
 
2.09
 
 
 
1.96
 
 
 
2.04
 
 
 
1.83
 
    1.60       1.25       0.85       1.66  
Diluted earnings per share
                
Reported
  
 
2.04
 
 
 
1.92
 
 
 
1.99
 
 
 
1.77
 
    2.80       1.21       0.80       1.61  
Adjusted
  
 
2.09
 
 
 
1.96
 
 
 
2.04
 
 
 
1.83
 
    1.60       1.25       0.85       1.66  
Return on common equity – reported
  
 
15.7
 % 
 
 
15.3
 % 
 
 
16.7
 % 
 
 
14.3
 % 
    23.3  %      10.0  %      6.9  %      14.2  % 
Return on common equity – adjusted
  
 
16.1
 
 
 
15.6
 
 
 
17.1
 
 
 
14.7
 
    13.3       10.4       7.3       14.6  
(billions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
                                                                
Average total assets
  
$
1,750
 
 
$
1,699
 
 
$
1,726
 
 
$
1,746
 
  $ 1,718     $ 1,681     $ 1,568     $ 1,449  
Average interest-earning assets
3
  
 
1,574
 
 
 
1,527
 
 
 
1,536
 
 
 
1,563
 
    1,531       1,494       1,374       1,292  
Net interest margin
  
 
1.58
 % 
 
 
1.56
 % 
 
 
1.56
 % 
 
 
1.53
 % 
    1.57  %      1.62  %      1.83  %      1.90  % 
 
1
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
2
 
For explanations of items of note, refer to the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures – Reconciliation of Adjusted to Reported Net Income” table in the “Financial Results Overview” section of this document.
3
Average interest-earning assets is a
non-GAAP
financial measure. Refer to
“Non-GAAP
and Other Financial Measures” in the “Financial Results Overview” section and the Glossary of this document for additional information about this metric.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 13

 
BUSINESS SEGMENT ANALYSIS
Business Focus
For management reporting purposes, the Bank’s operations and activities are organized around the following three key business segments:
Canadian Retail, U.S. Retail, and Wholesale Banking. The Bank’s other activities are grouped into the Corporate segment.
Canadian Retail
serves over 16 million customers in the Canadian personal and commercial banking, wealth, and insurance businesses. Personal Banking provides a comprehensive suite of deposit, payment and lending products and advice through a network of 1,061 branches, 3,381 automated teller machines (ATM), and telephone, mobile and internet banking services. Auto Finance provides flexible financing options to customers at point of sale for automotive and recreational vehicle purchases. Business Banking offers a broad range of customized products and services to help business owners meet their financing, investment, cash management, international trade, and
day-to-day
banking needs. Merchant Solutions provides
point-of-sale
payment solutions for large and small businesses. The wealth business offers wealth and asset management products and advice to retail and institutional clients in Canada through the direct investing, advice-based, and asset management businesses. The insurance business offers property and casualty insurance, as well as life and health insurance products to customers across Canada.
U.S. Retail
includes the Bank’s personal, business banking and wealth management operations in the U.S., as well as the Bank’s investment in Schwab. Operating under the TD Bank, America’s Most Convenient Bank
®
brand, the U.S. Retail Bank serves 9.6 million customers in stores along the U.S. eastern seaboard, and via auto dealerships and credit card partner business locations nationwide. Personal Banking provides a full range of financial products and services to customers mainly from Maine to Florida through a network of 1,148 stores, 2,701 ATMs, telephone, and mobile and internet banking services. Business Banking offers a diversified range of products and services to help businesses meet their financing, investment, cash management, international trade, and
day-to-day
banking needs. Wealth management provides wealth products and services to retail and institutional clients. The contribution from the Bank’s investment in Schwab is reported as equity in net income of an investment in Schwab with a
one-month
lag.
Wholesale Banking
serves over 12,000 corporate, government, and institutional clients in key financial markets around the world. Operating under the TD Securities brand, Wholesale Banking offers capital markets and corporate and investment banking services to external clients and provides market access and wholesale banking solutions for the Bank’s wealth and retail operations and their customers. Wholesale Banking’s expertise is global, supported by a presence across North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific.
The Bank’s other business activities are grouped in the Corporate segment and consist of service and control groups, including technology solutions, shared services, treasury and balance sheet management, marketing, human resources, finance, risk management, compliance, legal, and anti-money laundering, among others. Certain costs relating to these functions are allocated to operating business segments. The basis of allocation and methodologies are reviewed periodically to align with management’s evaluation of the Bank’s business segments.
Results of each business segment reflect revenue, expenses, assets, and liabilities generated by the businesses in that segment. Where applicable, the Bank measures and evaluates the performance of each segment based on adjusted results and ROE, and for those segments the Bank indicates that the measure is adjusted. For further details, refer to Note 29 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements.
Net interest income within Wholesale Banking is calculated on a TEB, which means that the value of
non-taxable
or
tax-exempt
income, including dividends, is adjusted to its equivalent
before-tax
value. Using TEB allows the Bank to measure income from all securities and loans consistently and makes for a more meaningful comparison of net interest income with similar institutions. The TEB increase to net interest income and provision for income taxes reflected in Wholesale Banking results is reversed in the Corporate segment. The TEB adjustment for the year was $152 million (October 31, 2020 – $159 million, October 31, 2019 – $127 million).
Share of net income from investment in Schwab is reported in the U.S. Retail segment. Amounts for amortization of acquired intangibles and the acquisition and integration charges related to the Schwab transaction are recorded in the Corporate segment.
The “Key Priorities for 2022” section for each business segment, provided on the following pages, is based on the Bank’s views and the assumptions set out in the “Economic Summary and Outlook” section and the actual outcome may be materially different. For more information, refer to the “Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” section and the “Risk Factors That May Affect Future Results” section.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 14

TABLE 14:  RESULTS BY SEGMENT
1,2
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
 
 

Canadian

Retail
 

 
 
 
U.S. Retail
 
 
 

Wholesale

Banking
3
 

 
 
 
Corporate
3
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
2021
 
    2020    
 
2021
 
    2020    
 
2021
 
    2020    
 
2021
 
    2020    
 
2021
 
    2020  
Net interest income (loss)
 
$
11,957
 
  $ 12,061    
$
8,074
 
  $ 8,834    
$
2,630
 
  $ 1,990    
$
1,470
 
  $ 1,612    
$
24,131
 
  $ 24,497  
Non-interest
income (loss)
 
 
13,549
 
    12,272    
 
2,684
 
    2,438    
 
2,070
 
    2,968    
 
259
 
    1,471    
 
18,562
 
    19,149  
Total revenue
 
 
25,506
 
    24,333    
 
10,758
 
    11,272    
 
4,700
 
    4,958    
 
1,729
 
    3,083    
 
42,693
 
    43,646  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses – impaired
 
 
652
 
    1,256    
 
438
 
    997    
 
8
 
    279    
 
211
 
    431    
 
1,309
 
    2,963  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses – performing
 
 
(394
) 
    1,490    
 
(688
) 
    1,928    
 
(126
) 
    229    
 
(325
) 
    632    
 
(1,533
) 
    4,279  
Total provision for (recovery of) credit losses
 
 
258
 
    2,746    
 
(250
) 
    2,925    
 
(118
) 
    508    
 
(114
) 
    1,063    
 
(224
) 
    7,242  
Insurance claims and related expenses
 
 
2,707
 
    2,886    
 
–
 
    –    
 
–
 
    –    
 
–
 
    –    
 
2,707
 
    2,886  
Non-interest
expenses
 
 
11,003
 
    10,441    
 
6,417
 
    6,579    
 
2,709
 
    2,518    
 
2,947
 
    2,066    
 
23,076
 
    21,604  
Income (loss) before income taxes
 
 
11,538
 
    8,260    
 
4,591
 
    1,768    
 
2,109
 
    1,932    
 
(1,104
) 
    (46 )   
 
17,134
 
    11,914  
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes
 
 
3,057
 
    2,234    
 
504
 
    (167 )   
 
539
 
    514    
 
(479
) 
    (1,429 )   
 
3,621
 
    1,152  
Share of net income from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade
 
 
–
 
    –    
 
898
 
    1,091    
 
–
 
    –    
 
(113
) 
    42    
 
785
 
    1,133  
Net income (loss) – reported
 
 
8,481
 
    6,026    
 
4,985
 
    3,026    
 
1,570
 
    1,418    
 
(738
) 
    1,425    
 
14,298
 
    11,895  
Pre-tax
adjustments for items of note
                   
Amortization of acquired intangibles
 
 
–
 
    –    
 
–
 
    –    
 
–
 
    –    
 
285
 
    262    
 
285
 
    262  
Acquisition and integration charges related to the Schwab transaction
 
 
–
 
    –    
 
–
 
    –    
 
–
 
    –    
 
103
 
    –    
 
103
 
    –  
Net gain on sale of the investment in TD Ameritrade
 
 
–
 
    –    
 
–
 
    –    
 
–
 
    –    
 
–
 
    (1,421 )   
 
–
 
    (1,421 ) 
Charges associated with the acquisition of Greystone
 
 
–
 
    100    
 
–
 
    –    
 
–
 
    –    
 
–
 
    –    
 
–
 
    100  
Total
pre-tax
adjustments for items of note
 
 
–
 
    100    
 
–
 
    –    
 
–
 
    –    
 
388
 
    (1,159 )   
 
388
 
    (1,059 ) 
Less: Impact of income taxes
 
 
–
 
    2    
 
–
 
    –    
 
–
 
    –    
 
37
 
    866    
 
37
 
    868  
Net income (loss) – adjusted
4
 
$
8,481
 
  $ 6,124    
$
4,985
 
  $ 3,026    
$
1,570
 
  $ 1,418    
$
(387
) 
  $ (600 )   
$
14,649
 
  $ 9,968  
                                                                                 
Average common equity
5
 
$
17,626
 
  $ 18,049    
$
38,531
 
  $ 39,825    
$
8,318
 
  $ 8,374    
$
    26,202
 
  $     18,955    
$
90,677
 
  $ 85,203  
Risk-weighted assets
 
 
    145,458
 
        143,504    
 
    205,879
 
        232,966    
 
    99,678
 
        92,434    
 
9,255
 
    10,005    
 
    460,270
 
        478,909  
 
1
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
2
The retailer program partners’ share of revenues and credit losses is presented in the Corporate segment, with an offsetting amount (representing the partners’ net share) recorded in
Non-interest
expenses, resulting in no impact to Corporate reported Net income (loss). The Net income (loss) included in the U.S. Retail segment includes only the portion of revenue and credit losses attributable to the Bank under the agreements.
3
Net interest income within Wholesale Banking is calculated on a TEB. The TEB adjustment reflected in Wholesale Banking is reversed in the Corporate segment.
4
For additional information about the Bank’s use of
non-GAAP
financial measures, refer to
“Non-GAAP
and Other Financial Measures” in the “Financial Results Overview” section of this document.
5
For additional information about this metric, refer to the Glossary of this document.
 
 
BUSINESS SEGMENT ANALYSIS
Canadian Retail
Canadian Retail offers a full range of financial products and services to over 16 million customers in the Canadian personal and commercial banking, wealth, and insurance businesses.
 

 
 
 
TABLE 15:  REVENUE
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
2021
     2020      2019  
Personal banking
  
$
11,452
 
   $ 11,321      $ 12,076  
Business banking
  
 
3,465
 
     3,383        3,184  
Wealth
  
 
5,693
 
     4,840        4,432  
Insurance
  
 
4,896
 
     4,789        4,534  
Total
  
$
    25,506
 
   $     24,333      $     24,226  
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 15

KEY PRODUCT GROUPS
Personal Banking
•  
Personal Deposits – comprehensive
line-up
of chequing, savings, and investment products for retail customers.
•  
Real Estate Secured Lending – wide range of lending products for homeowners secured by residential properties.
•  
Consumer Lending – diverse range of unsecured financing products for retail customers.
•  
Credit Cards & Payments – Visa debit, mobile wallets, digital money movement, installment plans and proprietary,
co-branded,
and affinity credit cards.
•  
Auto Finance – retail automotive and recreational vehicle financing, including promotional rate loans offered in cooperation with large automotive manufacturers.
Business Banking
•  
Commercial Banking – borrowing, deposit and cash management solutions for businesses across a range of industries, including real estate, agriculture and automotive.
•  
Small Business Banking – financial products and services for small businesses.
•  
Merchant Solutions –
point-of-sale
technology and payment solutions for large and small businesses.
•  
TD Equipment Finance – specialized financing options to support equipment purchases for businesses in a variety of industries
Wealth
•  
Direct Investing – resources for self-directed retail investors to facilitate research, investment management and trading in a range of investment products through online, phone and mobile channels.
•  
Wealth Advice – wealth management advice and financial planning solutions for mass affluent, high net worth and ultra high net worth clients, integrated with other Wealth businesses and the broader bank.
•  
Asset Management – public and private market investment management capabilities and structuring services for retail and institutional clients, including a diversified suite of mutual funds, ETFs, and professionally managed portfolios designed to provide better risk-adjusted returns.
Insurance
•  
Property and Casualty – home and auto insurance provided through direct channels and to members of affinity groups such as professional associations, universities and employer groups.
•  
Life and Health – credit protection for personal banking borrowing customers, other simple life and health insurance products, credit card balance protection, and travel insurance products, distributed through direct channels.
INDUSTRY PROFILE
The personal and business banking industry in Canada is mature and highly competitive, consisting of large chartered banks, sizeable regional banks, niche players competing in specific products and geographies, and a variety of
non-traditional
competitors, ranging from
start-ups
to established
non-financial
firms expanding into financial services. Market leadership and profitability depend upon delivering a full suite of competitively priced products, proactive advice that meets customers’ needs, outstanding service and convenience, prudent risk management, and disciplined expense management. The Canadian wealth management industry includes banks, insurance companies, independent asset managers, and full-service and discount brokerages. Market share growth relies on the ability to provide differentiated and integrated wealth solutions and keep pace with technological change and regulatory requirements. The property and casualty insurance industry in Canada is fragmented and competitive, consisting of numerous personal and commercial line writers, while the life and health insurance industry is comprised of several large competitors. Success in the insurance business depends upon offering a range of products that provide protection at competitive prices that properly reflect the level of risk assumed.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 16

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES, ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND PRIORITIES
 
   
BUSINESS STRATEGY
 
BUSINESS HIGHLIGHTS IN 2021
   
Provide trusted advice to help our customers feel confident about their financial future
 
• Continued to deliver TD Ready Advice, our One TD approach to helping customers feel more confident about their financial futures through the delivery of personalized advice
• Increased the number of advisors across our branch banking and wealth distribution channels, expanded training resources, and introduced tools to elevate our advice offering and provide a more consistent customer experience
• Began creating a
one-stop
shop for insurance advice with the launch of a new Learning Centre on the TD Insurance public site to build consumer confidence and increase digital fluency
   
Consistently deliver legendary, personal, and connected customer experiences across all channels
 
• Enhanced the value proposition of our products and achieved higher Legendary Experience Index (LEI) results across our businesses
–   TD Canada Trust was recognized as a Financial Service Excellence award winner for “Automated Telephone Banking Excellence”
2
among the Big 5 Canadian Retail Banks
3
and among all Financial Institutions in the 2021 Ipsos Customer Service Index (CSI) study
4
–   TD’s suite of credit cards received multiple awards, with TD Aeroplan Infinite named top airline card (Rewards Canada) and best travel rewards card (GreedyRates), and MBNA Rewards Platinum Plus named best rewards card for everyday spending (GreedyRates) and best
no-fee
travel rewards card (Rewards Canada)
–   TD Auto Finance ranked “Highest in Dealer Satisfaction among
Non-Captive
Lenders with Retail Credit” for the fourth year in a row in the J.D. Power 2021 Canada Dealer Financing Satisfaction Study
–   TD Wealth continued to optimize contact center service levels, introduce platform improvements, and invest in personalized,
best-in-class
education for investors
–   TD Insurance expanded its network of
one-stop
auto claims centres, opening its 22nd location nationally
   
Deepen customer relationships by delivering One TD and growing across underrepresented products and markets
 
• Maintained strong market share
5
positions and gained momentum across our businesses:
–   #1 market share in personal deposits, direct investing, Interac
e-Transfer
and Flash
–   #2 market share in real estate secured lending, credit cards, auto and indirect loans, mutual funds, and business deposits and loans
–   2
nd
largest money manager in Canada for pension assets and largest institutional money manager
6
–   Largest direct distribution insurer
7
and leader in the affinity market in Canadian insurance
–   Record real estate secured lending originations and credit card retail sales
–   Record accumulation of assets across our wealth businesses
–   Record General Insurance premiums
• Entered into a strategic alliance with Canada Post to expand access to financial services for Canadians, particularly those in rural, remote and Indigenous communities
• Closed the acquisition of Wells Fargo’s Canadian Direct Equipment Financing business, delivering scaled expertise in equipment leasing and finance
• Created a Black Customer Experience team to provide customized advice and solutions for Black customers and communities across Canada
   
Execute with speed and impact, taking only those risks we can understand and manage
 
• Continued to transform the way we work, automating more of our operations and implementing other process improvements to increase speed and efficiency
• Continued to provide personalized payment experiences and rewards to customers through strategic credit card relationships, including:
–   Refreshed the TD Aeroplan credit card suite of four market leading travel credit cards
–   Through our exclusive partnership with Amazon, enabled customers to redeem TD Rewards points though Amazon Shop with Points, with over 22 billion points redeemed and 1.5 million unique redemptions since launch in October 2020
–   Enhanced the application process for the Amazon / MBNA
co-brand
card
–   Launched instant issuance allowing customers booking a flight on the Air Canada website to open a new TD Aeroplan credit card and instantly pay for that flight purchase
 
 
2
 
TD Canada Trust shared in the Automated Telephone Banking Excellence award in the 2021 Ipsos Study.
3
 
Big 5 Canadian Retail Banks consist of Bank of Montreal, Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, Royal Bank of Canada, Scotiabank, and The Toronto-Dominion Bank.
4
 
Ipsos 2021 Financial Service Excellence Awards are based on ongoing quarterly Customer Service Index (CSI) survey results. Sample size for the total 2021 CSI program year ended with the September 2021 survey wave was 47,977 completed surveys yielding 72,290 financial institution ratings nationally.
5
 
Market share ranking is based on most current data available from OSFI for personal deposits and loans as at August 2021, from Quarterly Supplemental Financial disclosures for credit cards as at July 2021, from the Canadian Bankers Association for Real Estate Secured Lending as at June 2021, from the Canadian Bankers Association for business deposits and loans as at March 2021, from the Canadian Bankers Association for Auto & Indirect loans as at April 2021, from Investor Economics, a division of ISS Market Intelligence, for Direct Investing asset, trades, and revenue metrics as at June 2021, and from Investment Funds Institute of Canada for mutual funds when compared to the Big 6 Banks as at September 2021. The Big 6 Banks consist of Bank of Montreal, Canadian Imperial Bank of Canada, National Bank of Canada, Royal Bank of Canada, Scotiabank, and The Toronto-Dominion Bank.
6
 
“Top 40 Money Managers (as of June 30, 2021)” Benefits Canada, November 2021; and “Managed Money Advisory Service (as of June 30, 2021)” Investor Economics, Fall 2021.
7
 
Based on Gross Written Premiums for Property and Casualty business. Rankings based on data available from OSFI, insurers, Insurance Bureau of Canada, and provincial regulators as at December 31, 2020.
 
TD BANK GROUP
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 17

   
BUSINESS STRATEGY
 
BUSINESS HIGHLIGHTS IN 2021
   
Innovate with purpose for our customers and colleagues, and shape the future of banking in the digital age
 
• Recognized as Canada’s Best Consumer Digital Bank in North America by Global Finance Magazine
–   Won an industry-leading 7 categories, including Best Mobile Banking App, Best Online Product Offering, Best Bill Payment & Presentment, Best Information Security and Fraud Management, Best in Lending, and Best Open Banking APIs
–   TD was also recognized as Most Innovative Digital Bank for a third consecutive year
• Recognized by the Business Intelligence Group for our
AI-powered
Customer Innovations
8
• Continued to lead in the number of Interac
e-Transfer,
Debit and Flash transactions
9
• Continued to rank #1 for average digital reach of any bank in Canada, remained among the leaders for domestic digital reach among major developed market banks
10
, and continued to have the
top-ranked
Canadian digital banking app with the highest number of unique visitors and the highest engagement according to Comscore
11
• #1 Financial Institution Patent Filer in Canada
• Strengthened TD Insurance’s position to become a leading digital insurer in Canada through new enhanced self-serve capabilities, including same day online quote, bind and modify coverages
on-line
   
Be recognized as an extraordinary place to work where diversity and inclusiveness are valued
 
• At TD, we remain devoted to advancing our Diversity & Inclusion strategy to build a more inclusive and diverse culture at the Bank. We’ve been bold about our commitments both inside and outside the organization and focused our efforts to align to our purpose to enrich the lives of our customers, colleagues and communities
• Recognized by prestigious benchmarking companies in 2021 for being a
best-in-class
employer for diversity and inclusion, including Canada’s Best Diversity Employers; #14 on DiversityInc.’s Top Company for Diversity in 2021; named on the Bloomberg Financial Services Gender Equality Index (BFGEI); Canada’s Best Workplaces for Women from Great Place to Work
   
Contribute to the well-being of our communities
 
• Remained #1 for number of branches in urban locations and hours of operation
• Committed $10 million over the next five years to the Black Opportunity Fund (BOF) to combat anti-Black racism and systemic discrimination in Canada
• Launched 4 new Environment and Social Governance
(ESG)-focused
ETFs in 2021, including three Morningstar-partnered funds to advance our sustainable investing strategy and offer clients more ESG investment options
• TD Asset Management Inc. (TDAM) joined the International Corporate Governance Network
• Expanded services for new Canadians, including a New to Canada Booklet in 10 languages, a Financial Personal Quiz to help customers assess their financial knowledge, a new International Student
pre-arrival
GIC Program, and an enhanced banking package including 12 months of unlimited TD Global Money Transfer transactions
KEY PRIORITIES FOR 2022
•  
Continue to invest in TD Ready Advice and increase our advisory salesforce to help customers plan their financial futures
•  
Enhance
end-to-end
omni-channel capabilities to provide seamless, intuitive and personalized customer experiences
•  
Grow market share by deepening customer relationships with a focus on under-represented products and markets
•  
Grow Wealth Advice distribution capabilities, enrich the Direct Investing client offering, and innovate for leadership in Asset Management
•  
Continue to enhance our Insurance products and services, with a focus on ensuring they are competitive, easy to understand, and provide the protection clients need
•  
Improve speed, capacity and
efficiency by leveraging data and advanced analytics, automation and adapting to new ways of working
•  
Continue to evolve our brand as a diverse and inclusive employer of choice, enabling colleagues to achieve their full potential
•  
Advance our ESG objectives by contributing to an inclusive and sustainable recovery and helping strengthen community resilience
 
8
 
Source: from Business Intelligence Group 2021 Artificial Intelligence Excellence Awards (March 29, 2021)
9
 
Source: INTERAC Issuer Executive Metric Summary – The Toronto-Dominion Bank, October 2021
10
 
Source: from Comscore MMX
®
Multi-Platform, Financial Services – Banking, Total audience,
3-month
average ending September 2021, Canada, United States, Spain, France and U.K.
11
 
Source: from Comscore Mobile Metrix
®
, Financial Services – Banking (Mobile Apps), Total Audience,
3-month
average ending September 2021, Canada.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 18

TABLE 16:  CANADIAN RETAIL
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)   
2021
    2020     2019  
Net interest income
  
$
    11,957
 
  $     12,061     $     12,349  
Non-interest
income
  
 
13,549
 
    12,272       11,877  
Total revenue
  
 
25,506
 
    24,333       24,226  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses – impaired
  
 
652
 
    1,256       1,126  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses – performing
  
 
(394
) 
    1,490       180  
Total provision for (recovery of) credit losses
  
 
258
 
    2,746       1,306  
Insurance claims and related expenses
  
 
2,707
 
    2,886       2,787  
Non-interest
expenses – reported
  
 
11,003
 
    10,441       10,735  
Non-interest
expenses – adjusted
1
  
 
11,003
 
    10,341       10,011  
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes – reported
  
 
3,057
 
    2,234       2,535  
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes – adjusted
1
  
 
3,057
 
    2,236       2,701  
Net income – reported
  
 
8,481
 
    6,026       6,863  
Net income – adjusted
1
  
$
8,481
 
  $ 6,124     $ 7,421  
Selected volumes and ratios
      
Return on common equity – reported
2
  
 
48.1
 % 
    33.4  %      38.6  % 
Return on common equity – adjusted
1,2
  
 
48.1
 
    33.9       41.7  
Net interest margin (including on securitized assets)
  
 
2.61
 
    2.79       2.96  
Efficiency ratio – reported
  
 
43.1
 
    42.9       44.3  
Efficiency ratio – adjusted
1
  
 
43.1
 
    42.5       41.3  
Assets under administration (billions of Canadian dollars)
3
  
$
557
 
  $ 433     $ 422  
Assets under management (billions of Canadian dollars)
3
  
 
427
 
    358       353  
Number of Canadian retail branches
  
 
1,061
 
    1,085       1,091  
Average number of full-time equivalent staff
  
 
41,439
 
    40,872       40,936  
 
1
For additional information about the Bank’s use of
non-GAAP
financial measures, refer to
“Non-GAAP
and Other Financial Measures” in the “Financial Results Overview” section of this document.
2
Capital allocated to the business segment was reduced to 9% CET1 effective the second quarter of 2020 compared with 10.5% in the first quarter of 2020 and 10% in 2019.
3
For additional information about this metric, refer to the Glossary of this document.
REVIEW OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Canadian Retail reported net income for the year was $8,481 million, an increase of $2,455 million, or 41%, compared with last year, reflecting lower PCL, higher revenue, and lower insurance claims, partially offset by higher
non-interest
expenses. On an adjusted basis, net income increased $2,357 million, or 38%. The reported and adjusted ROE for the year was 48.1%, compared with 33.4% and 33.9%, respectively, last year.
Canadian Retail revenue is derived from the Canadian personal and commercial banking, wealth, and insurance businesses. Revenue for the year was $25,506 million, an increase of $1,173 million, or 5%, compared with last year.
Net interest income decreased $104 million, or 1%, reflecting lower deposit margins, partially offset by volume growth. Average loan volumes increased $27 billion, or 6%, reflecting 6% growth in personal loans and 6% growth in business loans. Average deposit volumes increased $61 billion, or 16%, reflecting 12% growth in personal deposits, 22% growth in business deposits, and 24% growth in wealth deposits. Net interest margin was 2.61%, or a decrease of 18 bps, reflecting the ongoing impact of the low interest rate environment and changes to balance sheet mix.
Non-interest
income increased $1,277 million, or 10%, reflecting higher transaction and
fee-based
revenue in the wealth and banking businesses and higher insurance volumes, partially offset by a decrease in the fair value of investments supporting claims liabilities which resulted in a similar decrease in insurance claims and the impact of premium rebates for customers in the insurance business.
Assets under administration
(AUA) were $557 billion as at October 31, 2021, an increase of $124 billion, or 29%, and assets under management
(AUM) were $427 billion as at October 31, 2021, an increase of $69 billion, or 19%, compared with last year, both reflecting market appreciation and new asset growth.
PCL was $258 million, a decrease of $2,488 million, compared with last year. PCL – impaired was $652 million, a decrease of $604 million, or 48%, largely related to improved credit conditions. PCL – performing was a recovery of $394 million, lower by $1,884 million, reflecting a performing allowance increase in the prior year, and allowance release this year largely related to improved credit conditions, including a more favourable economic outlook. Total PCL as an annualized percentage of credit volume was 0.06%, a decrease of 56 bps.
Insurance claims and related expenses were $2,707 million, a decrease of $179 million, or 6%, compared with last year, reflecting more favourable current year claims experience and a decrease in the fair value of investments supporting claims liabilities which resulted in a similar decrease in
non-interest
income, partially offset by higher current year claims from business growth.
Reported
non-interest
expenses for the year were $11,003 million, an increase of $562 million, or 5%, compared with last year. The increase primarily reflects higher spend supporting business growth, including volume-driven and employee-related expenses, and technology and marketing costs, partially offset by prior year charges related to the Greystone acquisition. On an adjusted basis,
non-interest
expenses increased $662 million, or 6%.
The reported and adjusted efficiency ratio for the year was 43.1%, compared with 42.9% and 42.5%, respectively, last year.
OPERATING ENVIRONMENT AND OUTLOOK
While
COVID-19
continues to pose risks to the outlook, economic activity in Canada is expected to accelerate in fiscal 2022, led by rising consumer spending and business investment. The improving economic environment is expected to support continued revenue growth in Canadian Retail, with increased customer activity and higher loan and deposit volumes and the prospect of rising interest rates helping offset anticipated pressure on fees from rising competition and expected moderation in resale housing activity and direct investing trading volumes. Provisions for credit losses are expected to increase throughout the year, reflecting volume growth and an ongoing normalization of credit conditions. Insurance claims are also expected to increase, as customer activity normalizes. Canadian Retail will maintain its disciplined approach to expense management, investing in products, channels and infrastructure to respond to changing customer expectations, meet evolving regulatory requirements and drive greater efficiency. While the quarterly trend in earnings may be uneven, we believe TD’s customer-focused and digitally-enabled Canadian Retail franchise is well-positioned to execute on its growth opportunities.
 
TD BANK GROUP
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 19

 
BUSINESS SEGMENT ANALYSIS
U.S. Retail
Operating under the TD Bank, America’s Most Convenient Bank
®
brand, the U.S. Retail Bank offers a full range of financial products and services to over 9.6 million customers in the Bank’s U.S. personal and business banking operations, including wealth management. U.S. Retail includes an investment in Schwab.
 

 
TABLE 17:  REVENUE
1
 
(millions of dollars)
  
 
Canadian dollars
 
  
 
U.S. dollars
 
    
 
2021
 
     2020        2019     
 
2021
 
     2020        2019  
Personal Banking
  
$
6,267
 
   $ 6,649      $ 6,894     
$
4,983
 
   $ 4,942      $ 5,189  
Business Banking
  
 
3,810
 
     3,919        3,786     
 
3,029
 
     2,913        2,850  
Wealth
  
 
468
 
     447        496     
 
372
 
     332        373  
Other
2
  
 
213
 
     257        615     
 
170
 
     193        464  
Total
  
$
    10,758
 
   $     11,272      $     11,791     
$
    8,554
 
   $     8,380      $     8,876  
 
1
Excludes equity in net income of an investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade.
2
Other revenue consists primarily of revenue from investing activities, the TD Ameritrade Insured Deposit Account (IDA) Agreement and the Schwab IDA Agreement.
KEY PRODUCT GROUPS
Personal Banking
•  
Personal Deposits – full suite of chequing and savings products for retail customers offered through multiple delivery channels.
•  
Consumer Lending – diverse range of financing products, including residential mortgages, home equity and unsecured lending solutions for retail customers.
•  
Credit Cards Services –
TD-branded
credit cards for retail and small business customers, and private label and
co-brand
credit cards for customers of leading U.S. retailers delivered through nationwide partnerships.
•  
Auto Finance – indirect retail financing through a network of auto dealers, along with floorplan financing for automotive dealerships throughout the U.S.
Business Banking
•  
Commercial Banking – borrowing, deposit and cash management solutions for U.S. businesses and governments across a wide range of industries.
•  
Small Business Banking – financial products and services for small businesses including merchant services.
Wealth
•  
Wealth Advice – wealth management advice, financial planning solutions, estate and trust planning, and insurance and annuity products for mass affluent, high net worth and institutional clients, delivered by store-based advisors and through a robo-advisory platform.
•  
Asset Management – comprised of Epoch Investment Partners Inc. and the U.S. arm of TDAM’s investment business.
 
TD BANK GROUP
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 20

INDUSTRY PROFILE
The U.S. personal and business banking industry is highly competitive and includes several very large financial institutions, as well as regional banks, small community and savings banks, finance companies, credit unions, and other providers of financial services. The wealth management industry includes national and regional banks, insurance companies, independent mutual fund companies, brokers, and independent asset management companies. The personal and business banking and wealth management industries also include
non-traditional
competitors, ranging from
start-ups
to established
non-financial
companies expanding into financial services. These industries serve individuals, businesses, and governments and offer products including deposits, lending, cash management, financial advice, and asset management. Products may be distributed through a single distribution channel or across multiple channels, including physical locations, ATMs, and telephone and digital channels. Certain businesses also serve customers through indirect channels. Traditional competitors are embracing new technologies and strengthening their focus on the customer experience.
Non-traditional
competitors have gained momentum and are increasingly collaborating with banks to develop new products and services and enhance the customer experience. The keys to profitability continue to be attracting and retaining customer relationships with legendary service and convenience, offering products and services across multiple distribution channels to meet customers’ evolving needs, investing strategically while maintaining expense discipline, and managing risk prudently.
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES, ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND PRIORITIES
 
   
BUSINESS STRATEGY
 
BUSINESS HIGHLIGHTS IN 2021
   
Deliver legendary omni-channel service and convenience
 
• Named Most Trusted Bank by Investor’s Business Daily for 2021
12
• Ranked #1 in Security and Reputation in Insider Intelligence’s Digital Banking Trust Report
13
• Recognized as the #1 SBA lender by units in the Maine to Florida region (#5 nationally through September 2021)
• TD Auto Finance received the highest ranking in the 2021 J.D. Power U.S. Dealer Finance Satisfaction Study
14
• TD Bank ranked #1 in the 2021 J.D. Power Small Business Banking Satisfaction Survey in the South Region. This is the third time TD Bank ranked highest in Customer Satisfaction with Small Business Banking in the South Region.
15
   
Grow and deepen customer relationships
 
• Delivered strong year-over-year volume growth, including:
–   Personal and Business deposit growth of 19% and 22%, respectively
–   Retail Card Services balance growth of 12%
–   TD Auto Finance originations of US$1.3 billion, representing growth of 15%
• Launched the Double Up Credit Card, an industry-leading cash back offering that enables customers to earn 1% on purchases and a bonus 1% when points are redeemed as cash into a TD deposit account
• Merged the products, services and expertise of the Commercial and Corporate & Specialty Banking teams to provide a more comprehensive and scaled offering for commercial customers
   
Leverage our differentiated brand as the “human” bank
 
• Facilitated access to SBA PPP financing and subsequent loan forgiveness
–   Ranked 7th nationwide for PPP financing, funding approximately 133,000 PPP loans since inception
–   Facilitated forgiveness of approximately 97,000 loans with a gross carrying value of US$8.7 billion through October 31, 2021
• Extended 9,400 deferrals of real estate secured loans for customers experiencing financial hardship due to
COVID-19,
totaling US$2.1 billion since inception
• Introduced TD Essential Banking, a
low-cost,
no-overdraft-fee
deposit account, and announced overdraft policy changes to enhance access to mainstream financial services for underserved communities
   
Innovate with purpose to simplify processes and execute with speed and excellence
 
• Enhanced our digital capabilities, including the ability to book
in-store
appointments for retail, small business, and wealth customers in real-time, add debit and credit cards to digital wallets, and view credit card data online and via the app
• Achieved a 9% year-over-year increase in digital active users and a 13% year-over-year increase in mobile active users, with total digital users exceeding 5 million, and total digital sales approaching 37% of total dollar sales
• Launched robo-advisor (TD Automated Investing) and robo/hybrid (TD Automated Investing Plus) solutions, giving customers access to an affordable, digital platform to fulfil their investment needs
• Entered into a data access agreement with Akoya, a U.S. open banking utility, designed to enable customers to share data with Fintechs and aggregators
• Launched direct integration with Autobooks to support online banking for small business clients with invoicing and payments
   
Be a premier destination for top talent
 
• Recognized with the top score of 100% for the seventh consecutive year on the 2021 Disability Equality Index
®
(DEI), a national benchmarking tool for corporate policies and practices related to disability inclusion and workplace equality
• Recognized by Forbes as a Best Employer for Diversity in 2021 for the third consecutive year
• Earned a Top Team Award and recognition for two executives in American Banker’s 2021 Most Powerful Women Program
   
Actively support the communities where we operate
 
• Established a US$100 million equity fund for minority-owned small businesses to provide opportunities in underserved communities and help combat racial inequities
• Donated over US$23 million to support our communities through the TD Charitable Foundation and the Ready Challenge
KEY PRIORITIES FOR 2022
•  
Deepen customer engagement by delivering personalized and connected experiences and elevating our advice proposition across all channels
•  
Continue to invest in data, digitization and technology to understand and serve our customers better
•  
Increase efficiency, innovation and speed of delivery to unlock the colleague experience and deliver better customer outcomes
•  
Grow market share by deepening customer relationships and expanding into attractive markets
•  
Execute with speed through innovation, automation and process simplification for our colleagues and customers
•  
Prudently manage risk and meet regulatory expectations
•  
Be an ESG leader in driving climate and environment initiatives forward, with continued focus on diversity and inclusion
•  
Be a leader in colleague experience and a premier destination for diverse top talent
 
 
12
 
Ranked #1, per Investor’s Business Daily from a survey completed in July and August 2021
13
 
Ranked #1, per Insider Intelligence’s Digital Trust report as of Q1 2021
14
 
J.D. Power 2021 U.S. Dealer Financing Satisfaction Study of dealers’ satisfaction; among companies between 375,000 and 910,000 transactions
15
 
TD Bank ranked Highest in Customer Satisfaction with Small Business Banking in the South Region in the 2021 J.D. Power Small Business Banking Satisfaction Study
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 21

TABLE 18:  U.S. RETAIL
 
(millions of dollars, except as noted)
  
Canadian Dollars
  
 
2021
 
    2020       2019  
Net interest income
  
$
8,074
 
  $ 8,834     $ 8,951  
Non-interest
income
  
 
2,684
 
    2,438       2,840  
Total revenue
  
 
10,758
 
    11,272       11,791  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses – impaired
  
 
438
 
    997       936  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses – performing
  
 
(688
) 
    1,928       146  
Total provision for (recovery of) credit losses
  
 
(250
) 
    2,925       1,082  
Non-interest
expenses
  
 
6,417
 
    6,579       6,411  
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes
  
 
504
 
    (167 )      471  
U.S. Retail Bank net income
  
 
4,087
 
    1,935       3,827  
Share of net income from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade
1,2
  
 
898
 
    1,091       1,154  
Net income
  
$
4,985
 
  $ 3,026     $ 4,981  
 
U.S. Dollars
                        
Net interest income
  
$
6,419
 
  $ 6,561     $ 6,737  
Non-interest
income
  
 
2,135
 
    1,819       2,139  
Total revenue
  
 
8,554
 
    8,380       8,876  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses – impaired
  
 
344
 
    738       705  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses – performing
  
 
(550
) 
    1,407       109  
Total provision for (recovery of) credit losses
  
 
(206
) 
    2,145       814  
Non-interest
expenses
  
 
5,101
 
    4,887       4,826  
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes
  
 
403
 
    (119 )      355  
U.S. Retail Bank net income
  
 
3,256
 
    1,467       2,881  
Share of net income from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade
1,2
  
 
711
 
    811       869  
Net income
  
 
3,967
 
    2,278       3,750  
 
Selected volumes and ratios
      
Return on common equity
3
  
 
13.0
 % 
    7.7  %      12.6  % 
Net interest margin
4
  
 
2.19
 
    2.69       3.31  
Efficiency ratio
  
 
59.6
 
    58.3       54.4  
Assets under administration (billions of U.S. dollars)
  
$
30
 
  $ 24     $ 21  
Assets under management (billions of U.S. dollars)
  
 
41
 
    39       44  
Number of U.S. retail stores
  
 
1,148
 
    1,223       1,241  
Average number of full-time equivalent staff
  
 
    25,508
 
        26,380           26,675  
 
1
The Bank’s share of Schwab and TD Ameritrade’s earnings is reported with a
one-month
lag. Refer to Note 12 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements for further details.
2
The
after-tax
amounts for amortization of acquired intangibles and the Bank’s share of acquisition and integration charges associated with Schwab’s acquisition of TD Ameritrade are recorded in the Corporate segment.
3
Capital allocated to the business segments was reduced to 9% CET1 effective the second quarter of 2020 compared with 10.5% in the first quarter of 2020 and 10% in 2019.
4
Net interest margin is calculated by dividing U.S. Retail segment’s net interest income by average interest-earning assets excluding the impact related to sweep deposits arrangements and the impact of intercompany deposits and cash collateral, which management believes better reflects segment performance. In addition, the value of
tax-exempt
interest income is adjusted to its equivalent
before-tax
value. Net interest income and average interest-earning assets used in the calculation are
non-GAAP
financial measures. For additional information about the Bank’s use of
non-GAAP
financial measures, refer to
“Non-GAAP
and Other Financial Measures” in the “Financial Results Overview” section of this document.
REVIEW OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
U.S. Retail net income for the year was $4,985 million (US$3,967 million), an increase of $1,959 million (US$1,689 million), or 65% (74% in U.S. dollars), compared with last year. The ROE for the year was 13.0%, compared with 7.7%, in the prior year.
U.S. Retail net income includes contributions from the U.S. Retail Bank and the Bank’s investment in Schwab. Net income for the year from the U.S. Retail Bank and the Bank’s investment in Schwab were $4,087 million (US$3,256 million) and $898 million (US$711 million), respectively.
The contribution from the bank’s investment in Schwab of US$711 million decreased US$100 million, or 12%, compared with the contribution from the Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade last year.
U.S. Retail Bank net income for the year was US$3,256 million, an increase of US$1,789 million, compared with last year primarily reflecting lower PCL and higher
non-interest
income, partially offset by higher expenses and lower net interest income.
U.S. Retail Bank revenue is derived from personal and business banking, and wealth management businesses. Revenue for the year was US$8,554 million, an increase of US$174 million, or 2%. Net interest income decreased US$142 million, or 2%, reflecting lower deposit margins, partially offset by growth in deposit volumes and accelerated fee amortization from PPP loan forgiveness. Net interest margin was 2.19%, a decrease of 50 bps primarily reflecting lower deposit margins slightly offset by PPP loan forgiveness.
Non-interest
income increased US$316 million, or 17%, reflecting fee income growth from increased customer activity, higher valuation of certain investments, and lower losses on
low-income
housing tax credit investments.
Average loan volumes decreased US$2 billion, or 1%, compared with last year, reflecting a 2% decline in business loans as paydowns and lower line usage on commercial loans more than offset the increase in PPP loans, and a 1% decrease in personal loans. Average deposit volumes increased US$55 billion, or 17%, compared with last year, reflecting a 22% increase in business deposit volumes, a 19% increase in personal deposit volumes, and a 13% increase in sweep deposits volumes.
AUA were US$30 billion as at October 31, 2021, an increase of US$6 billion, or 25%, compared with last year, reflecting loan and deposit growth. AUM were US$41 billion as at October 31, 2021, an increase of US$2 billion, or 5%, reflecting market appreciation, partially offset by net asset outflows.
PCL was a recovery of US$206 million, lower by US$2,351 million compared with last year. PCL – impaired was US$344 million, a decrease of US$394 million, or 53%, primarily reflected in the consumer lending portfolios, largely related to improved credit conditions. PCL – performing was a recovery of US$550 million, lower by US$1,957 million, reflecting a performing allowance increase in the prior year, and a release in the current year largely related to improved credit conditions, including a more favourable economic outlook. U.S. Retail PCL including only the Bank’s share of PCL in the U.S. strategic cards portfolio, as an annualized percentage of credit volume was
-0.12%,
a decrease of 142 bps.
Non-interest
expenses for the year were US$5,101 million, an increase of US$214 million, or 4%, compared with last year, primarily reflecting store optimization costs, higher incentive compensation costs, and investments in the business, partially offset by lower legal provisions and productivity savings.
Income taxes reflect a provision of US$403 million, compared to a recovery of US$119 million last year, higher by US$522 million, primarily reflecting higher
pre-tax
income.
The efficiency ratio for the year was 59.6%, compared with 58.3%, in the prior year.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 22

OPERATING ENVIRONMENT AND OUTLOOK
The outlook for U.S. Retail continues to reflect the lingering effects of the
COVID-19
pandemic, including low interest rates and high levels of customer liquidity, as well as labour shortages. Revenue growth from higher personal and commercial deposit volumes and rising customer activity is expected to be moderated by margin pressure including lower income from PPP loan forgiveness, and repatriation of sweep deposits. Provisions for credit losses are expected to increase over the course of the year, reflecting higher volumes and an ongoing normalization of credit conditions. U.S. Retail will maintain its disciplined approach to expense management, while continuing to invest strategically to support organic business growth and generate productivity savings. While earnings are likely to fluctuate from quarter to quarter, we believe that the U.S. Retail Bank is well-positioned to continue growing and deepening customer relationships, leveraging data and insights to deliver legendary experiences and meaningful advice across its distribution channels.
THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION AND TD AMERITRADE HOLDING CORPORATION
Refer to Note 12 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on Schwab and TD Ameritrade.
 
 
BUSINESS SEGMENT ANALYSIS
Wholesale Banking
Operating under the brand name TD Securities, Wholesale Banking is a leading full-service investment bank offering a wide range of capital markets and corporate and investment banking services to corporate, government, and institutional clients in key global financial centres across North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific.
 
 
TABLE 19:  REVENUE
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
2021
 
     2020        2019  
Global markets
  
$
3,174
 
   $ 3,658      $ 2,155  
Corporate and investment banking
  
 
1,457
 
     1,162        1,035  
Other
  
 
69
 
     138        41  
Total
  
$
    4,700
 
   $     4,958      $     3,231  
 
1
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
LINES OF BUSINESS
•  
Global Markets – sales, trading and research, debt and equity underwriting, client securitization, trade finance, cash management, prime services, and trade execution services
16
.
•  
Corporate and Investment Banking – corporate lending and syndications, debt and equity underwriting, advisory services, and related activities
16
.
•  
Other – investment portfolios and other accounting adjustments.
INDUSTRY PROFILE
The wholesale banking sector is a mature, highly competitive market comprised of banks, large global investment firms, and independent niche dealers. Wholesale Banking provides capital markets and corporate and investment banking services to corporate, government, and institutional clients. Changing regulatory requirements continue to impact strategy and returns for the sector. Firms are responding by shifting their focus to client-driven trading revenue and fee income to reduce risk, preserve capital, and generate savings that can be invested in technology to support higher electronic trading. Competition is expected to remain intense for transactions with high-quality clients. Longer term, wholesale banks with a diversified client-focused business model, a full suite of products and services, and the ability to manage costs and capital effectively will be well-positioned to achieve attractive returns for shareholders.
 
16
 
Certain revenue streams are shared between Global Markets and Corporate and Investment Banking lines of business in accordance with an established agreement.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 23

STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES, ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND PRIORITIES
 
   
BUSINESS STRATEGY
 
BUSINESS HIGHLIGHTS IN 2021
   
Continue to build an integrated North American dealer franchise with global reach
 
• Recognized as a leader in capital markets for expertise and execution capabilities:
–   Named Canada’s Best Investment Bank in the 2021 Euromoney Awards
–   Named “Most Impressive SSA Coverage Team”, and “Most Impressive SSA House for Post-Libor Solutions” in the GlobalCapital Bond Awards
–   Rated Global Outperformer in Cap Intro and Client Services in the 2020 Global Custodian Magazine Survey
–   Ranked #1 by EnergyRisk in Base Metals for the second year in a row
• Invested in the global expansion of our U.S. dollar strategy, including adding senior leaders in the Private Placement, Leveraged Finance, Communications, Media & Technology, and Sponsor sectors
• Continued to strengthen our position as ESG capital markets advisors:
–   Selected as one of two Structuring Advisors for the Government of Canada’s inaugural issuance of green bonds
–   Served as Joint Lead Manager on the International Finance Facility for Immunization Company (IFFIm) Vaccine Bonds, which provided Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, with immediately available funding to support routine immunization in lower-income countries
–   Acted as one of 5 joint lead managers on the European Union’s EUR 12 billion inaugural green bond, the largest green bond ever issued
–   Became the first Canadian dealer to launch
ESG-linked
structured notes
–   Participated in 53 sustainability-linked loans with a total face value of US$116 billion, acting as a sustainability structuring agent on nine of these global transactions
   
In Canada, be the
top-ranked
investment dealer
 
• Maintained our leadership position in Canada:
–   #1 in Canadian M&A announced and completed
17
, including several marquee and strategic acquisitions:
o
   Exclusive financial advisor to Shaw Communications on its $26 billion acquisition by Rogers Communications
o
   Financial advisor to Cenovus Energy on its $23.6 billion merger with Husky Energy
o
   Financial advisor to Inter Pipeline on its $16 billion sale to Brookfield Infrastructure
o
   Financial advisor to Brookfield Infrastructure on its US$4.1 billion sale of EnWave
o
   Financial advisor to Agnico Eagle on its pending merger with Kirkland Lake Gold for a combined market capitalization of US$24 billion. This represents the 2
nd
largest gold M&A transaction ever and the largest gold merger of equals transaction
–   #2 in government debt underwriting
18
–   Only Canadian bookrunner on Air Canada’s cross-border high yield issue, acting as Lead Left Bookrunner with sole investor coverage on the $2 billion tranche, the largest Canadian high yield offering ever completed, and a bookrunner on the US$1.2 billion tranche
–   Lead Left Bookrunner on Softchoice’s $403 million IPO and joint bookrunner on its $150 million follow-on offering
–   Recognized as #1 Canadian Foreign Exchange Services Quality Leader in the Greenwich Associates’ 2021 Canadian Foreign Exchange Services Study for the second year in a row
–   Awarded top three ranking for equity research analysts in nine sectors by Brendan Wood International
   
In the U.S., deliver value and trusted advice in sectors where we have competitive expertise
 
• Continued to add to our U.S. advisory and execution capability:
–   Advised Nasdaq on its acquisition of Verafin for US$2.8 billion
–   Financial advisor to EQT Infrastructure on its US$5.3 billion acquisition of Covanta Holding Corporation, a global leader in sustainable disposal solutions that redirect waste from landfills
–   Delivered record U.S. notes issuance exceeding US$4 billion
–   Onboarded over 45 new clients in Corporate Cash Management and 27 new funds in TD Prime Services
   
In Europe and Asia-Pacific, leverage our global capabilities to build connected, sustainable franchises
 
• Launched our Dublin operations to support European clients
• Acted as joint lead manager on a EUR 9 billion
15-year
social bond for the European Union under its Support to mitigate Unemployment Risks in an Emergency (SURE) program
   
Continue to grow with and support our TD Retail and Wealth partners
 
• Launched sales of platinum and new precious metals gifts and collectibles including TD Silver Pride Round and Blue Jays Silver Rounds on the TD Precious Metals website
• Added to our distribution channel for precious metals through Verified.Me
• Launched trading in bitcoin ETFs for TD direct investing clients
   
Invest in an efficient and agile infrastructure, innovation and data capabilities, and adapt to industry and regulatory changes
 
• Accelerated TDS’ innovation and technology strategy and expanded the dealer’s fixed income
e-trading
capabilities through the acquisition of Headlands Tech Global Markets
• Invested in data services and analytics using Bloomberg Enterprise Data
• Launched an innovative tool that enables financial institution clients to manage
intra-day
liquidity
• Launched TDS One Portal for research clients
   
Be an extraordinary and inclusive place to work by attracting, developing, and retaining the best talent
 
• Raised almost $2 million for children’s charities through the annual Underwriting Hope Campaign
• Awarded 14 scholarships to diverse candidates through the annual TDS Bridging the Gap Scholarship
• Received a score of 100% in the Human Rights Campaign Corporate Equality Index in the U.S. for the sixth year in a row
 
17
 
Source: Refinitiv:12 month trailing
18
 
Source: Bloomberg: calendar
year-to-date,
excludes
self-led
offerings, bonus credit to lead
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 24

KEY PRIORITIES FOR 2022
•  
Work together with our corporate, government and institutional clients to deliver integrated advice and solutions with the goal of long-term shared success
•  
Deepen our relationships with sponsor, institutional, prime services, and government clients globally
•  
Continue to develop ESG expertise and build on our leadership in this space as we support clients with their transition to a
low-carbon
economy
•  
Attain top market share in our Canadian franchise
•  
Continue to grow our U.S. dollar business in sectors where we are competitively positioned, adding new clients, deepening relationships by maturing our product and advice offerings, and investing in talent
•  
Leverage our North American franchise and global capabilities to grow our Europe and Asia-Pacific businesses
•  
Continue to invest alongside our Retail and Wealth partners to add products for our clients
•  
Drive innovation and build data and analytical capabilities to improve
end-to-end
process efficiency and enhance client value
•  
Maintain our focus on managing risk, capital, balance sheet, and liquidity
•  
Continue to be an extraordinary place to work with a focus on inclusion and diversity
 
TABLE 20:  WHOLESALE BANKING
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
 
2021
 
    2020       2019  
Net interest income (TEB)
  
$
2,630
 
  $ 1,990     $ 911  
Non-interest
income
  
 
2,070
 
    2,968       2,320  
Total revenue
  
 
4,700
 
    4,958       3,231  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses – impaired
  
 
8
 
    279       20  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses – performing
  
 
(126
) 
    229       24  
Total provision for (recovery of) credit losses
  
 
(118
) 
    508       44  
Non-interest
expenses
  
 
2,709
 
    2,518       2,393  
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes (TEB)
  
 
539
 
    514       186  
Net income
  
$
1,570
 
  $ 1,418     $ 608  
 
Selected volumes and ratios
      
Trading-related revenue (TEB)
1
  
$
    2,279
 
  $     2,940     $     1,573  
Average gross lending portfolio (billions of Canadian dollars)
2
  
 
59.3
 
    62.7       49.8  
Return on common equity
3
  
 
18.9
 % 
    16.9  %      8.3  % 
Efficiency ratio
  
 
57.6
 
    50.8       74.1  
Average number of full-time equivalent staff
  
 
4,796
 
    4,589       4,536  
 
1
 
Trading-related revenue (TEB) is part of the total Bank’s trading-related revenue (TEB) disclosed in Table 10, and is a
non-GAAP
financial measure. Refer to
“Non-GAAP
and Other Financial Measures” in the “Financial Results Overview” section and the Glossary of this document for additional information about this metric.
2
 
Includes gross loans and bankers’ acceptances relating to Wholesale Banking, excluding letters of credit, cash collateral, credit default swaps (CDS), and allowance for credit losses.
3
 
Capital allocated to the business segment was reduced to 9% CET1 effective the second quarter of 2020 compared with 10.5% in the first quarter of 2020 and 10% in 2019.
REVIEW OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Wholesale Banking net income for the year was a record $1,570 million, an increase of $152 million, or 11%, compared with the prior year, reflecting lower PCL, partially offset by lower revenue and higher
non-interest
expenses.
Revenue for the year was $4,700 million, a decrease of $258 million, or 5%, compared with the prior year, reflecting lower trading-related revenue, partially offset by higher other and loan revenue and higher advisory and equity underwriting fees.
PCL for the year was a recovery of $118 million, lower by $626 million compared to the prior year. PCL – impaired was $8 million, a decrease of $271 million, primarily reflecting credit migration in the prior year. PCL – performing was a recovery of $126 million, lower by $355 million primarily reflecting a performing allowance increase in the prior year, and a release this year largely related to improved credit conditions, including a more favourable economic outlook.
Non-interest
expenses were $2,709 million, an increase of $191 million, or 8%, compared with the prior year, primarily reflecting higher employee-related costs from continued investment in Wholesale Banking’s U.S. dollar strategy and higher variable compensation.
OPERATING ENVIRONMENT AND OUTLOOK
Looking ahead, the operating environment remains complex, characterized by rising inflation and supply chain pressures, uncertainty over the pace and timing of future central bank rate hikes,
geo-political
and ESG considerations, intensifying competition, and evolving capital and regulatory requirements. These factors may affect corporate and investor sentiment and market and business conditions in a positive or negative manner which makes capital markets results difficult to forecast. We will continue to invest in the U.S. dollar businesses, including adding senior leaders in markets where TD Securities has competitive expertise, and expect to achieve further market share gains. We believe TD Securities’ increasingly diversified and client-focused business model is well positioned to support future growth.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 25

 
BUSINESS SEGMENT ANALYSIS
Corporate
Corporate segment is comprised of a number of service and control groups. Certain costs relating to these functions are allocated to operating business segments. The basis of allocation and methodologies are reviewed periodically to align with management’s evaluation of the Bank’s business segments.
 
TABLE 21:  CORPORATE
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
2021
    2020     2019  
Net income (loss) – reported
  
$
(738
) 
  $ 1,425     $ (766 ) 
Adjustments for items of note
      
Amortization of acquired intangibles before income taxes
  
 
285
 
    262       307  
Acquisition and integration charges related to the Schwab transaction
  
 
103
 
    –       –  
Net gain on sale of the investment in TD Ameritrade
  
 
–
 
    (1,421 )      –  
Less: impact of income taxes
  
 
37
 
    866       48  
Net income (loss) – adjusted
1
  
$
(387
) 
  $ (600 )    $ (507 ) 
Decomposition of items included in net income (loss) – adjusted
      
Net corporate expenses
2
  
$
(739
) 
  $ (833 )    $ (715 ) 
Other
  
 
352
 
    233       190  
Non-controlling
interests
  
 
–
 
    –       18  
Net income (loss) – adjusted
1
  
$
(387
) 
  $ (600 )    $ (507 ) 
Selected volumes
      
Average number of full-time equivalent staff
  
 
      17,721
 
          17,757             16,884  
 
1
For additional information about the Bank’s use of
non-GAAP
financial measures, refer to
“Non-GAAP
and Other Financial Measures” in the “Financial Results Overview” section of this document.
2
For additional information about this metric, refer to the Glossary of this document.
Corporate segment includes expenses related to a number of service and control functions, the impact of treasury and balance sheet management activities, certain tax items at an enterprise level, and intercompany adjustments such as elimination of TEB and the retailer program partners’ share relating to the U.S. strategic cards portfolio.
Corporate segment’s reported net loss for the year was $738 million, compared with reported net income of $1,425 million last year. The year-over-year decrease was primarily attributable to a net gain on sale of the Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade of $1,421 million ($2,250 million
after-tax)
in the prior year, as well as acquisition and integration charges related to the Schwab transaction in the current year, partially offset by lower net corporate expenses and a higher contribution from other items in the current year. Net corporate expenses decreased $94 million compared to the prior year, largely reflecting $163 million ($121 million
after-tax)
in corporate real estate optimization costs in the prior year. Other items increased $119 million, largely reflecting higher revenue from treasury and balance sheet management activities. The adjusted net loss for the year was $387 million, compared with an adjusted net loss of $600 million last year.
FOCUS FOR 2022
In 2021, the Corporate segment continued to support the Bank’s business segments, execute enterprise and regulatory initiatives, and manage the Bank’s balance sheet and funding activities. In 2022, the Corporate segment’s service and control groups will continue to proactively address the complexities and challenges arising from the operating environment, including infrastructure to respond to changing demands and expectations of customers, communities, colleagues, governments and regulators. Corporate segment will also maintain its focus on the design, development, and implementation of processes, systems, technologies, enterprise and regulatory controls and initiatives to enable the Bank’s businesses to operate efficiently and effectively and in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 26

 
2020 FINANCIAL RESULTS OVERVIEW
Summary of 2020 Performance
 
TABLE 22:  REVIEW OF 2020 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
Canadian
Retail
    
U.S.
Retail
   
Wholesale
Banking
    
Corporate
   
Total
 
Net interest income
   $ 12,061      $ 8,834     $ 1,990      $ 1,612     $     24,497  
Non-interest
income
     12,272        2,438       2,968        1,471       19,149  
Total revenue
     24,333        11,272       4,958        3,083       43,646  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses – impaired
     1,256        997       279        431       2,963  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses – performing
     1,490        1,928       229        632       4,279  
Total provision for (recovery of) credit losses
     2,746        2,925       508        1,063       7,242  
Insurance claims and related expenses
     2,886        –       –        –       2,886  
Non-interest
expenses
     10,441        6,579       2,518        2,066       21,604  
Net income (loss) before provision for income taxes
     8,260        1,768       1,932        (46 )      11,914  
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes
     2,234        (167 )      514        (1,429 )      1,152  
Share of net income from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade
     –        1,091       –        42       1,133  
Net income (loss) – reported
     6,026        3,026       1,418        1,425       11,895  
Adjustments for items of note, net of income taxes
     98        –       –        (2,025 )      (1,927 ) 
Net income (loss) – adjusted
2
   $ 6,124      $ 3,026     $ 1,418      $ (600 )    $ 9,968  
 
1
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
2
For additional information about the Bank’s use of
non-GAAP
financial measures, refer to
“Non-GAAP
and Other Financial Measures” in the “Financial Results Overview” section of this document.
NET INCOME
Reported income for the year was $11,895 million, an increase of $209 million, or 2%, compared with the prior year. The increase reflects a net gain on sale of the Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade and charges in the prior year related to the agreement with Air Canada. On an adjusted basis, income for the year was $9,968 million, a decrease of $2,535 million, or 20%, compared with the prior year, reflecting higher PCL, lower revenue in the personal and commercial banking businesses, and higher
non-interest
expenses, partially offset by higher revenue in Wholesale Banking and the wealth and insurance businesses. The reported ROE for the year was 13.6%, compared with 14.5% in the prior year. The adjusted ROE for the year was 11.4%, compared with 15.6% in the prior year.
By segment, the increase in reported net income reflects an increase in the Corporate segment of $2,191 million, and an increase in Wholesale Banking of $810 million, partially offset by a decrease in U.S. Retail of $1,955 million, and a decrease in Canadian Retail of $837 million.
Reported diluted EPS for the year was $6.43, an increase of 3%, compared with $6.25 in the prior year. Adjusted diluted EPS for the year was $5.36, a 20% decrease, compared with $6.69 in the prior year.
Reported revenue was $43,646 million, an increase of $2,581 million, or 6%, compared with the prior year. Adjusted revenue was $42,225 million, an increase of $1,160 million, or 3%, compared with the prior year.
NET INTEREST INCOME
Net interest income for the year was $24,497 million, an increase of $676 million, or 3%, compared with the prior year. The increase reflects higher trading-related net interest income, and volume growth in the personal and commercial banking businesses, partially offset by lower margins.
By segment, the increase in reported net interest income reflects an increase in Wholesale Banking of $1,079 million, and an increase in the Corporate segment of $2 million, partially offset by a decrease in Canadian Retail of $288 million, and a decrease in U.S. Retail of $117 million.
NON-INTEREST
INCOME
Reported
non-interest
income for the year was $19,149 million, an increase of $1,905 million, or 11%, compared with the prior year reflecting the net gain on sale of the Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade, higher revenue in the wealth and insurance businesses, higher trading-related revenue and fee income in Wholesale Banking, partially offset by lower fee income in the personal and commercial banking businesses.
By segment, the increase in reported
non-interest
income reflects an increase in Corporate of $1,264 million, an increase in Wholesale Banking of $648 million, and an increase in Canadian Retail of $395 million, partially offset by a decrease in U.S. Retail of $402 million.
PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES
PCL for the year was $7,242 million, an increase of $4,213 million, compared with the prior year. PCL – impaired was $2,963 million, an increase of $333 million, or 13%, reflecting credit migration in Wholesale Banking, and higher provisions in the Canadian Retail segment. PCL – performing was $4,279 million, an increase of $3,880 million, primarily related to a significant deterioration in the economic outlook, including the impact of credit migration. Total PCL as a percentage of credit volume was 1%, or an increase of 55 bps.
By segment, the increase in PCL reflects an increase in U.S. Retail of $1,843 million, an increase in Canadian Retail of $1,440 million, an increase in the Corporate segment of $466 million, and an increase in Wholesale Banking of $464 million.
INSURANCE CLAIMS AND RELATED EXPENSES
Insurance claims and related expenses were $2,886 million, an increase of $99 million, or 4%, compared with the prior year. The increase reflects the impact of business growth, an increase in certain current year claims reserves, less favourable prior years’ claims development and more severe weather-related events, partially offset by lower current year claims.
NON-INTEREST
EXPENSES
Reported
non-interest
expenses for the year were $21,604 million, a decrease of $416 million, or 2%, compared with the prior year primarily reflecting charges related to the agreement with Air Canada recorded in the prior year. On an adjusted basis,
non-interest
expenses were $21,338 million, an increase of $253 million, or 1%, reflecting higher spend supporting business initiatives, higher employee-related costs including colleague appreciation awards, corporate real estate optimization costs, and an increase in legal provisions, partially offset by a decline in the retailer program partners’ net share of the profits from the U.S. strategic cards portfolio, a reduction in discretionary spend, and restructuring charges in the prior year.
By segment, the decrease in reported
non-interest
expenses reflects a decrease in the Corporate segment of $415 million, and a decrease in Canadian Retail of $294 million, partially offset by an increase in U.S. Retail of $168 million, and an increase in Wholesale Banking of $125 million.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 27

PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES
Reported total income and other taxes decreased by $1,675 million, or 38.0%, compared with the prior year, reflecting a decrease in income tax expense of $1,583 million, or 57.9%, and a decrease in other taxes of $92 million, or 5.5%. Adjusted total income and other taxes decreased by $1,021 million from the prior year, or 22.1%, reflecting a decrease in income tax expense of $929 million, or 31.5%.
The Bank’s reported effective tax rate was 9.7% for 2020, compared with 20.7% in the prior year. The year-over-year decrease primarily reflects the impact of the sale of the Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade, including the
non-taxable
revaluation gain, the release of
non-taxable
cumulative currency translation gains from AOCI, a rate differential on the reclassification to earnings of taxes deferred in AOCI on the designated hedging items, and the release of a deferred tax liability. Other drivers of the lower effective tax rate are lower
pre-tax
income and business mix, partially offset by higher provisions related to changes in tax law. For a reconciliation of the Bank’s effective income tax rate with the Canadian statutory income tax rate, refer to Note 25 of the 2020 Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Bank’s adjusted effective income tax rate for 2020 was 18.8%, compared with 20.8% in the prior year. The year-over-year decrease primarily reflects lower
pre-tax
income and business mix, partially offset by higher provisions related to changes in tax law.
The Bank reported its investment in TD Ameritrade using the equity method of accounting. TD Ameritrade’s tax expense of $378 million in 2020, compared with $389 million in the prior year, was not part of the Bank’s effective tax rate.
BALANCE SHEET
Total assets
were $1,716 billion as at October 31, 2020, an increase of $301 billion, or 21%, from October 31, 2019. The increase reflects cash and interest-bearing deposits with banks of $140 billion, debt securities at amortized cost (DSAC), net of allowance for credit losses of $97 billion, loans net of allowances for loan losses of $33 billion, derivatives of $5 billion, securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements of $3 billion, investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade of $3 billion,
non-trading
financial assets at FVTPL of $2 billion, trading loans, securities and other of $2 billion, financial assets designated at FVTPL of $1 billion, and other assets of $23 billion. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) of $8 billion. The depreciation in the Canadian dollar from the prior fiscal year end increased assets by $7 billion, or approximately 1%.
Total liabilities
were $1,620 billion as at October 31, 2020, an increase of $293 billion, or 22%, from October 31, 2019. The increase reflects deposits of $248 billion, obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements of $63 billion, derivatives of $3 billion, subordinated notes and debentures of $1 billion, and other liabilities of $31 billion. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in financial liabilities designated at FVTPL of $45 billion and trading deposits of $8 billion. The depreciation in the Canadian dollar from the prior fiscal year end increased liabilities by $8 billion, or approximately 1%.
Equity
was $96 billion as at October 31, 2020, an increase of $8 billion, or 9%, from October 31, 2019. The increase reflects growth in retained earnings, higher AOCI reflecting gains on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, and the issuance of common shares.
 
 
2020 FINANCIAL RESULTS OVERVIEW
2020 Financial Performance by Business Line
Canadian Retail
reported net income for the year was $6,026 million, a decrease of $837 million, or 12%, compared with the prior year. The decrease in earnings reflects higher PCL and higher insurance claims, partially offset by revenue growth and higher
non-interest
expenses in the prior year related to the agreement with Air Canada and the acquisition of Greystone. On an adjusted basis, net income for the year was $6,124 million, a decrease of $1,297 million, or 17%. The reported and adjusted annualized ROE for the year was 33.4% and 33.9%, respectively, compared with 38.6% and 41.7%, respectively, in the prior year.
Canadian Retail revenue is derived from the Canadian personal and commercial banking, wealth, and insurance businesses. Revenue for the year was $24,333 million, an increase of $107 million, compared with the prior year reflecting strong growth in wealth and insurance revenue as well as volume driven growth in personal and commercial banking revenue, offset by margin compression from lower interest rates in the year.
Net interest income decreased $288 million, or 2%, reflecting lower margins, partially offset by volume growth. Average loan volumes increased $16 billion, or 4%, reflecting 3% growth in personal loans and 7% growth in business loans. Average deposit volumes increased $46 billion, or 14%, reflecting 11% growth in personal deposits, 15% growth in business deposits, and 28% growth in wealth deposits. Net interest margin was 2.79%, or a decrease of 17 bps, reflecting lower interest rates.
Non-interest
income increased $395 million, or 3%, reflecting higher transaction and
fee-based
revenue in the wealth business, higher insurance revenue, partially offset by lower
fee-based
revenue in the banking businesses reflecting lower customer activity.
AUA were $433 billion as at October 31, 2020, an increase of $11 billion, or 3%, compared with the prior year, reflecting new asset growth. AUM were $358 billion as at October 31, 2020, an increase of $5 billion, or 1%, compared with the prior year, reflecting market appreciation.
PCL for the year was $2,746 million, an increase of $1,440 million, compared with the prior year. PCL – impaired was $1,256 million, an increase of $130 million, or 12%, reflecting higher provisions in the commercial and consumer lending portfolios. PCL – performing was $1,490 million, compared with $180 million in the prior year, primarily related to a significant deterioration in the economic outlook, including the impact of credit migration, with the increase reflected in the consumer and commercial lending portfolios. Annualized PCL as a percentage of credit volume was 0.62%, an increase of 31 bps.
Insurance claims and related expenses were $2,886 million, an increase of $99 million, or 4%, compared with the prior year. The increase reflects the impact of business growth, an increase in certain current year claims reserves, less favourable prior years’ claims development and more severe weather-related events, partially offset by lower current year claims.
Reported
non-interest
expenses for the year were $10,441 million, a decrease of $294 million, or 3%, compared with the prior year. The decrease reflects charges related to the agreement with Air Canada and the acquisition of Greystone in the prior year. On an adjusted basis,
non-interest
expenses were $10,341 million, an increase of $330 million, or 3%, reflecting higher people-related costs including variable compensation, volume-driven expenses and technology investments, partially offset by a reduction in other discretionary spend.
The reported and adjusted efficiency ratio for the year was 42.9% and 42.5%, respectively, compared with 44.3% and 41.3%, respectively, in the prior year.
U.S. Retail
reported net income for the year was $3,026 million (US$2,278 million), a decrease of $1,955 million (US$1,472 million), or 39% (39% in U.S. dollars), compared with the prior year. The ROE for the year was 7.7%, compared with 12.6%, in the prior year.
U.S. Retail net income includes contributions from the U.S. Retail Bank and the Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade. Net income for the year from the U.S. Retail Bank and the Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade were $1,935 million (US$1,467 million) and $1,091 million (US$811 million), respectively.
The contribution from TD Ameritrade of US$811 million decreased US$58 million, or 7%, compared with the prior year, primarily reflecting reduced trading commissions, lower asset-based revenue, and higher operating expenses, partially offset by higher trading volumes.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 28

U.S. Retail Bank net income for the year was US$1,467 million, a decrease of US$1,414 million, or 49%, compared with the prior year, primarily reflecting higher PCL and lower revenue, partially offset by lower tax expense.
U.S. Retail Bank revenue is derived from personal and business banking, and wealth management. Revenue for the year was US$8,380 million, a decrease of US$496 million, or 6%. Net interest income decreased US$176 million, or 3%, as growth in loan and deposit volumes was more than offset by deposit margin compression in the low interest rate environment. Net interest margin was 2.69%, a decrease of 62 bps primarily reflecting lower deposit margins and balance sheet mix.
Non-interest
income decreased US$320 million, or 15%, reflecting lower deposit and credit card activity as well as higher losses on low income housing tax credit investments.
Average loan volumes increased US$12 billion, or 7%, compared with the prior year, reflecting growth in personal and business loans of 6% and 8%, respectively, with significant increases in business loans reflecting increased draws on commercial lines of credit and originations under the SBA PPP. Average deposit volumes increased US$53 billion, or 20%, compared with the prior year, reflecting a 26% increase in business deposit volumes, a 25% increase in sweep deposit volumes, and a 10% increase in personal deposit volumes.
AUA were US$24 billion as at October 31, 2020, an increase of US$3 billion, or 16%, compared with the prior year, reflecting loan and deposit growth. AUM were US$39 billion as at October 31, 2020, a decrease of US$5 billion, or 11%, reflecting net fund outflows.
PCL for the year was US$2,145 million, an increase of US$1,331 million, compared with the prior year. PCL – impaired was US$738 million, an increase of US$33 million, or 5%. PCL – performing was US$1,407 million, an increase of US$1,298 million, primarily related to a significant deterioration in the economic outlook, including the impact of credit migration, and predominantly reflected in the commercial, credit card, and auto lending portfolios. U.S. Retail PCL including only the Bank’s contractual portion of credit losses in the U.S. strategic cards portfolio, as an annualized percentage of credit volume was 1.30%, or an increase of 78 bps.
Non-interest
expenses for the year were US$4,887 million, an increase of US$61 million, or 1%, compared with the prior year, primarily reflecting increases in legal provisions, employee-related expenses, and costs to support customers and employees during the
COVID-19
pandemic, partially offset by productivity savings and restructuring charges incurred in the prior year.
Income taxes reflect a recovery of US$119 million, compared to a provision of US$355 million in the prior year, a decrease of US$474 million, primarily reflecting lower
pre-tax
income and changes to the estimated liability for uncertain tax positions, partially offset by higher provisions related to changes in tax law.
The reported and adjusted efficiency ratios for the year were 58.3%, compared with 54.4%, in the prior year.
Wholesale Banking
net income for the year was a record $1,418 million, an increase of $810 million, compared with the prior year reflecting higher revenue, partially offset by higher PCL and higher
non-interest
expenses.
Revenue for the year was $4,958 million, an increase of $1,727 million, or 53%, compared with the prior year reflecting higher trading-related revenue, higher underwriting fees, and higher loan fees.
PCL for the year was $508 million, an increase of $464 million compared to the prior year. PCL – impaired was $279 million reflecting credit migration largely in the oil and gas sector. PCL – performing was $229 million, primarily related to a significant deterioration in the economic outlook, including the impact of credit migration.
Non-interest
expenses were $2,518 million, an increase of $125 million, or 5%, compared with the prior year. The increase reflects higher variable compensation, higher volume related expenses, and the impact of foreign exchange translation.
Corporate segment
reported net income for the year was $1,425 million, compared with a reported net loss of $766 million in the prior year. The year-over-year increase was primarily attributable to a net gain on sale of the Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade of $1,421 million ($2,250 million
after-tax),
as well as a higher contribution from other items, partially offset by higher net corporate expenses in the current year and a contribution from
non-controlling
interests in the prior year. Other items increased reflecting the impact of legal provisions and the negative impact of tax items in the prior year, partially offset by lower contribution from treasury and balance sheet management activities. Net corporate expenses increased primarily reflecting the impact of corporate real estate optimization costs of $163 million in the current year, partially offset by restructuring charges of $51 million in the prior year. The adjusted net loss for the year was $600 million, compared with an adjusted net loss of $507 million in the prior year.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 29

 
GROUP FINANCIAL CONDITION
Balance Sheet Review
 
TABLE 23:  CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET ITEMS
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
           
 
As at
 
    
 
October 31, 2021
       October 31, 2020
Assets
     
Cash and Interest-bearing deposits with banks
  
$
165,893
 
   $ 170,594  
Trading loans, securities, and other
  
 
147,590
 
     148,318  
Non-trading
financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
  
 
9,390
 
     8,548  
Derivatives
  
 
54,427
 
     54,242  
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss
  
 
4,564
 
     4,739  
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
  
 
79,066
 
     103,285  
Debt securities at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses
  
 
268,939
 
     227,679  
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements
  
 
167,284
 
     169,162  
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
  
 
722,622
 
     717,523  
Investment in Schwab
  
 
11,112
 
     12,174  
Other
  
 
97,785
 
     99,601  
Total assets
  
$
1,728,672
 
   $ 1,715,865  
Liabilities
     
Trading deposits
  
$
22,891
 
   $ 19,177  
Derivatives
  
 
57,122
 
     53,203  
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss
  
 
113,988
 
     59,665  
Deposits
  
 
1,125,125
 
     1,135,333  
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements
  
 
144,097
 
     188,876  
Subordinated notes and debentures
  
 
11,230
 
     11,477  
Other
  
 
154,401
 
     152,635  
Total liabilities
  
 
1,628,854
 
     1,620,366  
Total equity
  
 
99,818
 
     95,499  
Total liabilities and equity
  
$
1,728,672
 
   $ 1,715,865  
Total assets
were $1,729 billion as at October 31, 2021, an increase of $13 billion, or 1%, from October 31, 2020. The impact of foreign exchange translation from the appreciation in the Canadian dollar decreased total assets by $56 billion, or approximately 3%.
The increase in total assets reflects DSAC, net of allowance for credit losses of $41 billion, loans, net of allowances for loan losses of $5 billion and
non-trading
financial assets at FVTPL of $1 billion. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in financial assets at FVOCI of $24 billion, cash and interest-bearing deposits with banks of $5 billion, securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements of $2 billion, trading loans, securities, and other of $1 billion, other assets of $1 billion and investment in Schwab of $1 billion.
Cash and interest-bearing deposits with banks
decreased $5 billion primarily reflecting the impact of foreign exchange translation and cash management activities.
Trading loans, securities, and other
decreased $1 billion primarily reflecting a decrease in government-related securities and the impact of foreign exchange translation, partially offset by an increase in equity securities.
Non-trading
financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
increased $1 billion reflecting new investments, partially offset by maturities.
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
decreased $24 billion reflecting maturities and the impact of foreign exchange translation, partially offset by new investments.
Debt securities at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses
increased $41 billion reflecting new investments, partially offset by maturities and the impact of foreign exchange translation.
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements
decreased
$2 billion
reflecting the impact of foreign exchange translation, partially offset by an increase in volume.
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
increased $5 billion primarily reflecting volume growth in real estate secured lending, partially offset by the impact of foreign exchange translation.
Investment in Schwab
decreased $1 billion primarily reflecting the impact of foreign exchange translation.
Other
assets decreased $1 billion primarily reflecting the impact of foreign exchange translation.
Total liabilities
were $1,629 billion as at October 31, 2021, an increase of $9 billion, or 1%, from October 31, 2020. The impact of foreign exchange translation from the appreciation in the Canadian dollar decreased total liabilities by $59 billion, or approximately 4%.
The increase in total liabilities reflects financial liabilities designated at FVTPL of $54 billion, derivatives of $4 billion, trading deposits of $4 billion
and other liabilities of $2 billion. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements of $45 billion and deposits of $10 billion.
Trading deposits
increased $4 billion reflecting new issuances, partially offset by maturities.
Derivative
liabilities increased $4 billion primarily reflecting mark-to-market losses on foreign exchange contracts and equity contracts, partially offset by mark-to-market gains on interest rate contracts and the impact of foreign exchange translation.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 30

Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss
increased $54 billion reflecting new issuances, partially offset by maturities.
Deposits
decreased $10 billion as the increase in total deposits was more than offset by the impact of foreign exchange translation.
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements
decreased $45 billion primarily reflecting a decrease in volume.
Other
liabilities increased $2 billion primarily reflecting an increase in obligations related to securities sold short, partially offset by the impact of foreign exchange translation.
Equity
was $100 billion as at October 31, 2021, an increase of $4 billion, or 5%, from October 31, 2020. The increase primarily reflects an increase in retained earnings, partially offset by the impact of foreign exchange translation.
 
 
GROUP FINANCIAL CONDITION
Credit Portfolio Quality
AT A GLANCE OVERVIEW
•
 
Loans and acceptances, net of allowance for loan losses were $743 billion, an increase of $8 billion compared with last year.
•
 
Impaired loans net of Stage 3 allowances were $1,782 million, a decrease of $541 million compared with last year.
•
 
Provision for credit losses was a recovery of $224 million, compared with provisions of $7,242 million last year.
•
 
Total allowance for credit losses including
off-balance
sheet positions decreased by $2,129 million to $7,255 million.
LOAN PORTFOLIO
The Bank increased its credit portfolio net of allowance for loan losses by $8 billion, or 1%, from the prior year, primarily reflecting volume growth in the Canadian portfolios, partially offset by the impact of foreign exchange, and repayments in the U.S. business and government portfolio, largely attributable to the PPP.
While the majority of the Bank’s credit risk exposure is related to loans and acceptances, the Bank also engaged in activities that have
off-balance
sheet credit risk. These include credit instruments and derivative financial instruments, as explained in Note 31 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements.
CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK
The Bank’s loan portfolio continued to be concentrated in Canadian and U.S. residential mortgages, consumer instalment and other personal loans, and credit card loans, representing 66% of total loans net of Stage 3 allowances, up 3% from 2020. During the year, these portfolios increased by $19 billion, or 4%, and totalled $488 billion at year end. Residential mortgages represented 36% of total loans net of Stage 3 allowances in 2021, up 2% from 2020. Consumer instalment and other personal loans, and credit card loans were 30% of total loans net of Stage 3 allowances in 2021, up 1% from 2020.
The Bank’s business and government credit exposure was 34% of total loans net of Stage 3 allowances, down 3% from 2020. The largest business and government sector concentrations in Canada were the Real estate and Financial sectors, which comprised 6% and 2% of net loans, respectively. Real estate and Financial sectors were the largest U.S. sector concentrations in 2021, representing 4% and 2% of net loans, respectively.
Geographically, the credit portfolio remained concentrated in Canada. In 2021, the percentage of loans net of Stage 3 allowances held in Canada was 69%, up 4% from 2020. The largest Canadian regional exposure was in Ontario, which represented 40% of total loans net of Stage 3 allowances for 2021, compared with 38% in the prior year.
The remaining credit portfolio was predominantly in the U.S., which represented 30% of loans net of Stage 3 allowances, down 4% from 2020. Exposures to ACI loans, and other geographic regions were relatively small. The largest U.S. regional exposures were in New York, New England, and New Jersey which represented 6%, 5%, and 4% of total loans net of Stage 3 allowances, respectively, compared with 6%, 6%, and 5% in the prior year.
Under IFRS 9,
Financial Instruments
(IFRS 9), the Bank calculates allowances for expected credit losses (ECLs) on DSAC and debt securities at FVOCI. The Bank has $341,806 million in such debt securities of which $341,806 million are performing securities (Stage 1 and 2) and none are impaired. The allowance for credit losses on DSAC and debt securities at FVOCI was $2 million and $7 million, respectively.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 31

TABLE 24:  LOANS AND ACCEPTANCES, NET OF STAGE 3 ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES BY INDUSTRY SECTOR
1,2
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)                                 
As at
   
Percentage of total
 
                    
October 31
2021
   
October 31
2020
   
October 31
2019
   
October 31
2021
   
October 31
2020
   
October 31
2019
 
     
Gross
loans
    
Stage 3
allowances for
loan losses
impaired
    
Net
loans
   
Net
loans
   
Net
loans
                      
Canada
                  
Residential mortgages
  
$
    231,675
 
  
$
33
 
  
$
    231,642
 
  $     213,196     $     200,925    
 
31.0
 % 
    28.7  %      28.5  % 
Consumer instalment and other personal
                  
HELOC
3
  
 
101,933
 
  
 
20
 
  
 
101,913
 
    94,814       91,040    
 
13.6
 
    12.8       12.9  
Indirect Auto
  
 
27,580
 
  
 
39
 
  
 
27,541
 
    27,311       25,644    
 
3.7
 
    3.7       3.6  
Other
  
 
19,257
 
  
 
28
 
  
 
19,229
 
    18,239       18,410    
 
2.6
 
    2.4       2.6  
Credit card
  
 
15,149
 
  
 
49
 
  
 
15,100
 
    15,479       18,358    
 
2.0
 
    2.1       2.6  
Total personal
  
 
395,594
 
  
 
169
 
  
 
395,425
 
    369,039       354,377    
 
52.9
 
    49.7       50.2  
Real estate
                  
Residential
  
 
24,716
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
24,715
 
    22,697       19,795    
 
3.3
 
    3.1       2.8  
Non-residential
  
 
18,841
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
18,840
 
    17,513       15,827    
 
2.5
 
    2.4       2.2  
Total real estate
  
 
43,557
 
  
 
2
 
  
 
43,555
 
    40,210       35,622    
 
5.8
 
    5.5       5.0  
Agriculture
  
 
9,060
 
  
 
2
 
  
 
9,058
 
    8,652       8,126    
 
1.2
 
    1.2       1.2  
Automotive
  
 
4,997
 
  
 
12
 
  
 
4,985
 
    5,166       6,590    
 
0.7
 
    0.7       0.9  
Financial
  
 
15,134
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
15,134
 
    14,012       16,633    
 
2.0
 
    1.8       2.5  
Food, beverage, and tobacco
  
 
2,583
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
2,582
 
    2,282       2,424    
 
0.3
 
    0.3       0.3  
Forestry
  
 
577
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
577
 
    529       657    
 
0.1
 
    0.1       0.1  
Government, public sector entities, and education
  
 
2,892
 
  
 
19
 
  
 
2,873
 
    3,564       3,358    
 
0.4
 
    0.5       0.5  
Health and social services
  
 
8,442
 
  
 
11
 
  
 
8,431
 
    7,745       7,134    
 
1.1
 
    1.0       1.0  
Industrial construction and trade contractors
  
 
4,615
 
  
 
74
 
  
 
4,541
 
    3,488       3,478    
 
0.6
 
    0.5       0.5  
Metals and mining
  
 
1,661
 
  
 
3
 
  
 
1,658
 
    1,514       1,668    
 
0.2
 
    0.2       0.2  
Pipelines, oil, and gas
  
 
3,882
 
  
 
22
 
  
 
3,860
 
    4,933       4,641    
 
0.5
 
    0.7       0.7  
Power and utilities
  
 
2,542
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
2,542
 
    1,856       1,961    
 
0.3
 
    0.2       0.3  
Professional and other services
  
 
4,375
 
  
 
15
 
  
 
4,360
 
    5,299       4,674    
 
0.6
 
    0.7       0.7  
Retail sector
  
 
3,705
 
  
 
66
 
  
 
3,639
 
    3,452       3,592    
 
0.5
 
    0.5       0.5  
Sundry manufacturing and wholesale
  
 
2,759
 
  
 
5
 
  
 
2,754
 
    2,296       2,685    
 
0.4
 
    0.3       0.4  
Telecommunications, cable, and media
  
 
2,694
 
  
 
2
 
  
 
2,692
 
    2,996       2,852    
 
0.4
 
    0.4       0.4  
Transportation
  
 
3,306
 
  
 
11
 
  
 
3,295
 
    2,605       2,209    
 
0.4
 
    0.4       0.3  
Other
  
 
5,321
 
  
 
7
 
  
 
5,314
 
    4,606       4,156    
 
0.7
 
    0.6       0.6  
Total business and government
  
 
122,102
 
  
 
252
 
  
 
121,850
 
    115,205       112,460    
 
16.2
 
    15.6       16.1  
Total Canada
  
 
517,696
 
  
 
421
 
  
 
517,275
 
    484,244       466,837    
 
69.1
 
    65.3       66.3  
United States
                  
Residential mortgages
  
 
36,573
 
  
 
18
 
  
 
36,555
 
    38,808       34,475    
 
4.9
 
    5.2       4.9  
Consumer instalment and other personal
                  
HELOC
  
 
8,726
 
  
 
26
 
  
 
8,700
 
    10,893       11,489    
 
1.2
 
    1.5       1.6  
Indirect Auto
  
 
31,550
 
  
 
23
 
  
 
31,527
 
    33,048       32,428    
 
4.3
 
    4.4       4.6  
Other
  
 
769
 
  
 
3
 
  
 
766
 
    941       1,113    
 
0.1
 
    0.1       0.2  
Credit card
  
 
15,584
 
  
 
89
 
  
 
15,495
 
    16,646       17,877    
 
2.1
 
    2.3       2.6  
Total personal
  
 
93,202
 
  
 
159
 
  
 
93,043
 
    100,336       97,382    
 
12.6
 
    13.5       13.9  
Real estate
                  
Residential
  
 
9,242
 
  
 
4
 
  
 
9,238
 
    10,195       8,875    
 
1.2
 
    1.3       1.3  
Non-residential
  
 
21,522
 
  
 
9
 
  
 
21,513
 
    25,217       24,249    
 
2.8
 
    3.3       3.4  
Total real estate
  
 
30,764
 
  
 
13
 
  
 
30,751
 
    35,412       33,124    
 
4.0
 
    4.6       4.7  
Agriculture
  
 
737
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
737
 
    899       736    
 
0.1
 
    0.1       0.1  
Automotive
  
 
4,210
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
4,210
 
    6,580       6,809    
 
0.6
 
    0.9       1.0  
Financial
  
 
16,337
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
16,337
 
    13,062       7,215    
 
2.2
 
    1.8       1.0  
Food, beverage, and tobacco
  
 
3,017
 
  
 
3
 
  
 
3,014
 
    3,461       3,705    
 
0.4
 
    0.5       0.5  
Forestry
  
 
467
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
467
 
    517       699    
 
0.1
 
    0.1       0.1  
Government, public sector entities, and education
  
 
14,034
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
14,033
 
    14,725       12,597    
 
1.8
 
    2.0       1.8  
Health and social services
  
 
13,736
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
13,735
 
    16,039       13,175    
 
1.8
 
    2.2       2.0  
Industrial construction and trade contractors
  
 
2,366
 
  
 
4
 
  
 
2,362
 
    3,611       2,234    
 
0.3
 
    0.5       0.3  
Metals and mining
  
 
1,454
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
1,453
 
    1,891       1,887    
 
0.2
 
    0.3       0.3  
Pipelines, oil, and gas
  
 
1,893
 
  
 
7
 
  
 
1,886
 
    4,502       4,554    
 
0.3
 
    0.6       0.6  
Power and utilities
  
 
2,976
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
2,976
 
    2,995       3,052    
 
0.4
 
    0.4       0.4  
Professional and other services
  
 
11,671
 
  
 
6
 
  
 
11,665
 
    14,308       11,723    
 
1.6
 
    1.9       1.7  
Retail sector
  
 
5,367
 
  
 
8
 
  
 
5,359
 
    7,616       5,866    
 
0.7
 
    1.0       0.8  
Sundry manufacturing and wholesale
  
 
6,223
 
  
 
2
 
  
 
6,221
 
    7,926       8,887    
 
0.8
 
    1.1       1.3  
Telecommunications, cable, and media
  
 
3,212
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
3,212
 
    3,707       4,755    
 
0.4
 
    0.5       0.7  
Transportation
  
 
6,997
 
  
 
2
 
  
 
6,995
 
    8,956       10,164    
 
0.9
 
    1.2       1.4  
Other
  
 
2,290
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
2,289
 
    2,184       2,432    
 
0.3
 
    0.3       0.3  
Total business and government
  
 
127,751
 
  
 
49
 
  
 
127,702
 
    148,391       133,614    
 
16.9
 
    20.0       19.0  
Total United States
  
 
220,953
 
  
 
208
 
  
 
220,745
 
    248,727       230,996    
 
29.5
 
    33.5       32.9  
International
                  
Personal
  
 
34
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
34
 
    12       12    
 
–
 
    –       –  
Business and government
  
 
10,227
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
10,227
 
    9,206       5,781    
 
1.4
 
    1.2       0.8  
Total international
  
 
10,261
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
10,261
 
    9,218       5,793    
 
1.4
 
    1.2       0.8  
Total excluding other loans
  
 
748,910
 
  
 
629
 
  
 
748,281
 
    742,189       703,626    
 
100.0
 
    100.0       100.0  
Other loans
                  
Acquired credit-impaired loans
4
  
 
152
 
  
 
6
 
  
 
146
 
    222       301    
 
–
 
    –       –  
Total other loans
  
 
152
 
  
 
6
 
  
 
146
 
    222       301    
 
–
 
    –       –  
Total
  
$
    749,062
 
  
$
    635
 
  
$
748,427
 
  $ 742,411     $ 703,927    
 
100.0
 % 
    100.0  %      100.0  % 
Stage 1 and Stage 2 allowance for loan losses – performing
                  
Personal, business and government
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
5,755
 
    7,446       3,701        
Total, net of allowance
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
$
    742,672
 
  $     734,965     $     700,226        
Percentage change over previous year – loans and acceptances, net of Stage 3 allowance for loan losses (impaired)
 
  
 
0.8
 % 
    5.5  %      5.2  %       
Percentage change over previous year – loans and acceptances, net of allowance
 
  
 
1.0
 
    5.0       5.1        
 
1
Primarily based on the geographic location of the customer’s address.
2
Includes loans that are measured at FVOCI.
3
 
Home equity line of credit.
4
Includes Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) covered loans and other ACI loans.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 32

TABLE 25:  LOANS AND ACCEPTANCES, NET OF STAGE 3 ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES BY GEOGRAPHY
1,2
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
                                    
 
As at
   
 
Percentage of total
 
                    
 

October 31

2021

 
   
October 31
2020

 
   
October 31
2019

 
 
 

October 31

2021

 
   
October 31
2020

 
   
October 31
2019

 
     
Gross loans
    
Stage 3
allowances for
loan losses
impaired
    
Net loans
   
Net loans
   
Net loans
                      
Canada
                  
Atlantic provinces
  
$
12,875
 
  
$
7
 
  
$
12,868
 
  $ 12,767     $ 12,722    
 
1.7
 % 
    1.7  %      1.8  % 
British Columbia
3
  
 
78,461
 
  
 
26
 
  
 
78,435
 
    70,245       67,415    
 
10.5
 
    9.5       9.6  
Ontario
3
  
 
301,048
 
  
 
312
 
  
 
300,736
 
    279,355       271,220    
 
40.2
 
    37.6       38.5  
Prairies
3
  
 
83,009
 
  
 
58
 
  
 
82,951
 
    81,203       75,932    
 
11.1
 
    10.9       10.8  
Québec
  
 
42,303
 
  
 
18
 
  
 
42,285
 
    40,674       39,548    
 
5.6
 
    5.6       5.6  
Total Canada
  
 
517,696
 
  
 
421
 
  
 
517,275
 
    484,244       466,837    
 
69.1
 
    65.3       66.3  
United States
                  
Carolinas (North and South)
  
 
12,600
 
  
 
13
 
  
 
12,587
 
    13,483       12,711    
 
1.7
 
    1.8       1.8  
Florida
  
 
18,672
 
  
 
19
 
  
 
18,653
 
    20,314       18,181    
 
2.5
 
    2.7       2.6  
New England
4
  
 
35,446
 
  
 
24
 
  
 
35,422
 
    42,465       42,508    
 
4.7
 
    5.7       6.0  
New Jersey
  
 
27,854
 
  
 
20
 
  
 
27,834
 
    35,425       31,504    
 
3.7
 
    4.8       4.5  
New York
  
 
43,330
 
  
 
33
 
  
 
43,297
 
    46,154       40,382    
 
5.8
 
    6.2       5.7  
Pennsylvania
  
 
12,973
 
  
 
11
 
  
 
12,962
 
    15,267       12,999    
 
1.7
 
    2.1       1.9  
Other
  
 
70,078
 
  
 
88
 
  
 
69,990
 
    75,619       72,711    
 
9.4
 
    10.2       10.4  
Total United States
  
 
220,953
 
  
 
208
 
  
 
220,745
 
    248,727       230,996    
 
29.5
 
    33.5       32.9  
International
                  
Europe
  
 
4,212
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
4,212
 
    3,229       2,634    
 
0.6
 
    0.4       0.4  
Other
  
 
6,049
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
6,049
 
    5,989       3,159    
 
0.8
 
    0.8       0.4  
Total international
  
 
10,261
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
10,261
 
    9,218       5,793    
 
1.4
 
    1.2       0.8  
Total excluding other loans
  
 
748,910
 
  
 
629
 
  
 
748,281
 
    742,189       703,626    
 
100.0
 
    100.0       100.0  
Other loans
  
 
152
 
  
 
6
 
  
 
146
 
    222       301    
 
–
 
    –       –  
Total
  
$
    749,062
 
  
$
    635
 
  
$
    748,427
 
  $     742,411     $     703,927    
 
100.0
 % 
    100.0  %      100.0  % 
Stage 1 and Stage 2 allowances
                    
 
5,755
 
    7,446       3,701        
Total, net of allowance
                    
$
742,672
 
  $ 734,965     $ 700,226        
                  
Percentage change over previous year – loans and acceptances, net of Stage 3 allowances for loan losses (impaired)
 
  
 
2021
 
    2020       2019        
Canada
        
 
6.8
 % 
    3.7  %      4.9  %       
United States
        
 
(11.3
) 
    7.7       5.8        
International
        
 
11.3
 
    59.1       5.7        
Other loans
                    
 
(34.2
) 
    (26.3 )      (30.8 )       
Total
                    
 
1.0
 % 
    5.0  %      5.1  %       
 
1
Primarily based on the geographic location of the customer’s address.
2
 
Includes loans that are measured at FVOCI.
3
 
The territories are included as follows: Yukon is included in British Columbia; Nunavut is included in Ontario; and Northwest Territories is included in the Prairies region.
4
 
The states included in New England are as follows: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont.
REAL ESTATE SECURED LENDING
Retail real estate secured lending includes mortgages and lines of credit to North American consumers to satisfy financing needs including home purchases and refinancing. While the Bank retains first lien on the majority of properties held as security, there is a small portion of loans with second liens, but most of these are behind a TD mortgage that is in first position. In Canada, credit policies are designed so that the combined exposure of all uninsured facilities on one property does not exceed 80% of the collateral value at origination. Lending at a higher loan-to-value ratio is permitted by legislation but requires default insurance. This insurance is contractual coverage for the life of eligible facilities and protects the Bank’s real estate secured lending portfolio against potential losses caused by borrowers’ default. The Bank may also purchase default insurance on lower loan-to-value ratio loans. The insurance is provided by either government-backed entities or approved private mortgage insurers. In the U.S., for residential mortgage originations, mortgage insurance is usually obtained from either government-backed entities or approved private mortgage insurers when the loan-to-value exceeds 80% of the collateral value at origination.
The Bank regularly performs stress tests on its real estate lending portfolio as part of its overall stress testing program. This is done with a view to determine the extent to which the portfolio would be vulnerable to a severe downturn in economic conditions. The effect of severe changes in house prices, interest rates, and unemployment levels are among the factors considered when assessing the impact on credit losses and the Bank’s overall profitability. A variety of portfolio segments, including dwelling type and geographical regions, are examined during the exercise to determine whether specific vulnerabilities exist.
Canadian minimum qualifying rate for uninsured and insured mortgages
On May 20, 2021, OSFI announced changes to the minimum qualifying rate for uninsured mortgages. In addition, the Department of Finance announced changes to the qualifying rate for insured mortgages. Effective June 1, 2021, the new benchmark rate is the greater of the mortgage contractual rate plus 2% or 5.25% for both uninsured and insured mortgages. The previous uninsured benchmark rate was the greater of the mortgage contractual rate plus 2% or the Bank of Canada five-year benchmark rate. The previous insured benchmark rate was the greater of the mortgage contractual rate or the Bank of Canada five-year benchmark rate.
 
TABLE 26:  CANADIAN REAL ESTATE SECURED LENDING
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
                                      
 
As at
 
  
 
Amortizing
 
  
 
Non-amortizing
 
  
 

Total real estate

secured lending
 

 
  
 

Residential

Mortgages
 

 
  
 

Home equity

lines of credit
 

 
  
 

Total amortizing real

estate secured lending
 

 
  
 

Home equity

lines of credit
 

 
        
                                        
 
October 31, 2021
 
Total
  
$
231,675
 
  
$
71,016
 
  
$
302,691
 
  
$
30,917
 
  
$
333,608
 
                                           October 31, 2020  
Total
   $ 213,239      $ 61,790      $ 275,029      $ 33,048      $ 308,077  
 
1
Excludes loans classified as trading as the Bank intends to sell the loans immediately or in the near term, and loans designated at FVTPL for which no allowance is recorded.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 33

TABLE 27: REAL ESTATE SECURED LENDING
1,2
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)

 
                                                                                     
As at
 
    
Residential mortgages
   
Home equity lines of credit
   
Total
 
    
Insured
3
   
Uninsured
   
Insured
3
   
Uninsured
   
Insured
3
   
Uninsured
 
                                                                 
October 31, 2021
 
Canada
                              
Atlantic provinces
  
$
3,007
 
  
 
1.3
 % 
 
$
3,575
 
  
 
1.5
 % 
 
$
265
 
  
 
0.3
 % 
 
$
1,451
 
  
 
1.4
 % 
 
$
3,272
 
  
 
1.0
 % 
 
$
5,026
 
  
 
1.5
 % 
British Columbia
4
  
 
9,522
 
  
 
4.1
 
 
 
37,169
 
  
 
16.0
 
 
 
1,446
 
  
 
1.4
 
 
 
17,738
 
  
 
17.4
 
 
 
10,968
 
  
 
3.3
 
 
 
54,907
 
  
 
16.5
 
Ontario
4
  
 
25,603
 
  
 
11.1
 
 
 
94,913
 
  
 
41.1
 
 
 
5,173
 
  
 
5.1
 
 
 
52,977
 
  
 
52.0
 
 
 
30,776
 
  
 
9.1
 
 
 
147,890
 
  
 
44.3
 
Prairies
4
  
 
20,590
 
  
 
8.9
 
 
 
17,244
 
  
 
7.4
 
 
 
2,425
 
  
 
2.4
 
 
 
11,314
 
  
 
11.1
 
 
 
23,015
 
  
 
6.9
 
 
 
28,558
 
  
 
8.6
 
Québec
  
 
8,138
 
  
 
3.5
 
 
 
11,914
 
  
 
5.1
 
 
 
841
 
  
 
0.8
 
 
 
8,303
 
  
 
8.1
 
 
 
8,979
 
  
 
2.7
 
 
 
20,217
 
  
 
6.1
 
Total Canada
  
 
66,860
 
  
 
28.9
 % 
 
 
164,815
 
  
 
71.1
 % 
 
 
10,150
 
  
 
10.0
 % 
 
 
91,783
 
  
 
90.0
 % 
 
 
77,010
 
  
 
23.0
 % 
 
 
256,598
 
  
 
77.0
 % 
United States
  
 
868
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
35,797
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
–
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
8,736
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
868
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
44,533
 
  
 
 
 
Total
  
$
    67,728
 
  
 
 
 
 
$
    200,612
 
  
 
 
 
 
$
    10,150
 
  
 
 
 
 
$
    100,519
 
  
 
 
 
 
$
    77,878
 
  
 
 
 
 
$
    301,131
 
  
 
 
 
                                                                          October 31, 2020  
Canada
                              
Atlantic provinces
   $ 3,218        1.5  %    $ 3,108        1.5  %    $ 316        0.3  %    $ 1,337        1.4  %    $ 3,534        1.1  %    $ 4,445        1.4  % 
British Columbia
4
     10,142        4.8       30,416        14.3       1,670        1.8       16,192        17.1       11,812        3.8       46,608        15.1  
Ontario
4
     28,818        13.5       80,096        37.4       5,925        6.2       47,361        50.0       34,743        11.3       127,457        41.5  
Prairies
4
     21,741        10.2       16,750        7.9       2,726        2.9       11,260        11.9       24,467        7.9       28,010        9.1  
Québec
     8,520        4.0       10,430        4.9       993        1.0       7,058        7.4       9,513        3.1       17,488        5.7  
Total Canada
     72,439        34.0  %      140,800        66.0  %      11,630        12.2  %      83,208        87.8  %      84,069        27.2  %      224,008        72.8  % 
United States
     1,008     
 
 
 
    37,972     
 
 
 
    –     
 
 
 
    10,953     
 
 
 
    1,008     
 
 
 
    48,925     
 
 
 
Total
   $ 73,447     
 
 
 
  $ 178,772     
 
 
 
  $ 11,630     
 
 
 
  $ 94,161     
 
 
 
  $ 85,077     
 
 
 
  $ 272,933     
 
 
 
 
1
Geographic location is based on the address of the property mortgaged.
2
Excludes loans classified as trading as the Bank intends to sell the loans immediately or in the near term, and loans designated at FVTPL for which no allowance is recorded.
3
Default insurance is contractual coverage for the life of eligible facilities whereby the Bank’s exposure to real estate secured lending, all or in part, is protected against potential losses caused by borrower default. It is provided by either government-backed entities or other approved private mortgage insurers.
4
The territories are included as follows: Yukon is included in British Columbia; Nunavut is included in Ontario; and the Northwest Territories is included in the Prairies region.
The following table provides a summary of the Bank’s residential mortgages by remaining amortization period. All figures are calculated based on current customer payment behaviour in order to properly reflect the propensity to prepay by borrowers. The current customer payment basis accounts for any accelerated payments made
to-date
and projects remaining amortization based on existing balance outstanding and current payment terms.
 
TABLE 28:  RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGES BY REMAINING AMORTIZATION
1,2
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at
 
  
 

<5

years

 
 

5– <10

years

 
 

10– <15

years

 
 

15– <20

years

 
 

20– <25

years

 
 

25– <30

years

 
 

30– <35

years

 
 

>=35

years

 
 
Total
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
October 31, 2021
 
Canada
  
 
0.9
 % 
 
 
3.1
 % 
 
 
6.6
 % 
 
 
19.0
 % 
 
 
41.9
 % 
 
 
28.2
 % 
 
 
0.3
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
100.0
 % 
United States
  
 
8.4
 
 
 
3.2
 
 
 
4.6
 
 
 
5.6
 
 
 
17.7
 
 
 
58.3
 
 
 
2.0
 
 
 
0.2
 
 
 
100.0
 
Total
  
 
1.9
 % 
 
 
3.2
 % 
 
 
6.3
 % 
 
 
17.2
 % 
 
 
38.4
 % 
 
 
32.4
 % 
 
 
0.6
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
100.0
 % 
                 October 31, 2020
Canada
     0.9  %      3.4  %      6.9  %      20.0  %      44.7  %      23.3  %      0.8  %      –  %      100.0  % 
United States
     5.3       4.5       4.6       6.0       20.8       56.3       2.3       0.2       100.0  
Total
     1.6  %      3.5  %      6.5  %      17.8  %      41.2  %      28.4  %      1.0  %      –  %      100.0  % 
 
1
Excludes loans classified as trading as the Bank intends to sell the loans immediately or in the near term, and loans designated at FVTPL for which no allowance is recorded.
2
Percentage based on outstanding balance.
 
TABLE 29:  UNINSURED AVERAGE
LOAN-TO-VALUE
– Newly Originated and Newly Acquired
1,2,3
 
           
For the 12 months ended
 
    
October 31, 2021
    October 31, 2020  
     
Residential
mortgages
   
Home equity
lines of credit
4,5
   
Total
    Residential
mortgages
   
Home equity
lines of credit
4,5
    Total  
Canada
            
Atlantic provinces
  
 
73
 % 
 
 
71
 % 
 
 
72
 % 
    74  %      71  %      73  % 
British Columbia
6
  
 
68
 
 
 
65
 
 
 
67
 
    68       63       66  
Ontario
6
  
 
68
 
 
 
66
 
 
 
67
 
    68       66       67  
Prairies
6
  
 
74
 
 
 
71
 
 
 
73
 
    74       71       72  
Québec
  
 
73
 
 
 
72
 
 
 
72
 
    73       72       73  
Total Canada
  
 
69
 
 
 
67
 
 
 
68
 
    69       66       68  
United States
  
 
72
 
 
 
63
 
 
 
70
 
    71       62       69  
Total
  
 
69
 % 
 
 
66
 % 
 
 
68
 % 
    69  %      66  %      68  % 
 
1
Geographic location is based on the address of the property mortgaged.
2
Excludes loans classified as trading as the Bank intends to sell the loans immediately or in the near term, and loans designated at FVTPL for which no allowance is recorded.
3
Based on house price at origination.
4
HELOC
loan-to-value
includes first position collateral mortgage if applicable.
5
HELOC fixed rate advantage option is included in
loan-to-value
calculation.
6
The territories are included as follows: Yukon is included in British Columbia; Nunavut is included in Ontario; and the Northwest Territories is included in the Prairies region.
IMPAIRED LOANS
A loan is considered impaired and migrates to Stage 3 when it is 90 days or more past due for retail exposures, rated BRR 9 for
non-retail
exposures, or when there is objective evidence that there has been a deterioration of credit quality to the extent that the Bank no longer has reasonable assurance as to the timely collection of the full amount of principal and interest. Gross impaired loans excluding ACI loans decreased $746 million, or 24%, compared with the prior year.
In Canada, impaired loans net of Stage 3 allowances decreased by $318 million, or 38% in 2021. Residential mortgages, consumer instalment and other personal loans, and credit cards, had net impaired loans of $352 million, a decrease of $209 million, or 37%, impacted by improved credit conditions, and largely reflected in the residential mortgage and home equity line of credit portfolios. Business and government impaired loans net of Stage 3 allowances were $161 million, a decrease of $109 million, or 40%, compared with the prior year, largely reflecting resolutions outpacing new formations.
In the U.S., net impaired loans decreased by $223 million, or 15% in 2021. Residential mortgages, consumer instalment and other personal loans, and credit cards, had net impaired loans of $921 million, a decrease of $179 million, or 16%, compared with the prior year largely reflecting improvement in credit conditions
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 34

and the impact of foreign exchange. Business and government net impaired loans were $348 million, a decrease of $44 million, or 11%, compared with the prior year reflecting resolutions outpacing new formations, and the impact of foreign exchange.
Geographically, 29% of total net impaired loans were located in Canada and 71% in the U.S. The largest regional concentration of net impaired loans in Canada was in Ontario, representing 14% of total net impaired loans, compared with 18% in the prior year. The largest regional concentration of net impaired loans in the U.S. was in New York, representing 18% of total net impaired loans, compared with 14% in the prior year.
 
TABLE 30:  CHANGES IN GROSS IMPAIRED LOANS AND ACCEPTANCES
1,2,3
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
2021
    2020     2019  
Personal, Business and Government Loans
      
Impaired loans as at beginning of period
  
$
3,157
 
  $ 3,032     $ 3,154  
Classified as impaired during the period
  
 
3,839
 
    6,305       6,037  
Transferred to performing during the period
  
 
(938
) 
    (1,138 )      (1,272 ) 
Net repayments
  
 
(1,322
) 
    (1,553 )      (1,492 ) 
Disposals of loans
  
 
(18
) 
    (67 )      (292 ) 
Amounts written off
  
 
(2,173
) 
    (3,436 )      (3,175 ) 
Exchange and other movements
  
 
(134
) 
    14       72  
Impaired loans as at end of year
  
$
    2,411
 
  $     3,157     $     3,032  
 
1
 
Includes customers’ liability under acceptances.
2
 
Excludes ACI loans.
3
 
Includes loans that are measured at FVOCI.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 35

TABLE 31:  IMPAIRED LOANS NET OF STAGE 3 ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES BY INDUSTRY SECTOR
1,2,3,4
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)                             
As at
   
Percentage of total
 
    
Oct. 31
2021
   
Oct. 31
2020
   
Oct. 31
2019
   
Oct. 31
2018
   
Oct. 31
2017
   
Oct. 31
2021
   
Oct. 31
2020
   
Oct. 31
2019
   
Oct. 31
2018
   
Oct. 31
2017
 
     
Gross
impaired
loans
    
Stage 3
allowances for
loan losses
impaired
    
Net
impaired
loans
   
Net
impaired
loans
   
Net
impaired
loans
   
Net
impaired
loans
   
Net
impaired
loans
                                    
Canada
                          
Residential mortgages
  
$
233
 
  
$
33
 
  
$
200
 
  $ 333     $ 253     $ 246     $ 279    
 
11.2
 % 
    14.3  %      11.0  %      10.0  %      11.6  % 
Consumer instalment and other personal
                          
HELOC
  
 
121
 
  
 
20
 
  
 
101
 
    177       134       118       102    
 
5.7
 
    7.6       5.8       4.8       4.3  
Indirect Auto
  
 
51
 
  
 
39
 
  
 
12
 
    21       29       23       11    
 
0.7
 
    0.9       1.3       0.9       0.5  
Other
  
 
39
 
  
 
28
 
  
 
11
 
    –       9       12       19    
 
0.6
 
    –       0.4       0.5       0.8  
Credit card
5
  
 
77
 
  
 
49
 
  
 
28
 
    30       66       55       51    
 
1.6
 
    1.3       2.9       2.2       2.1  
Total personal
  
 
521
 
  
 
169
 
  
 
352
 
    561       491       454       462    
 
19.8
 
    24.1       21.4       18.4       19.3  
Real estate
                          
Residential
  
 
2
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
1
 
    7       2       3       3    
 
0.1
 
    0.3       0.1       0.1       0.1  
Non-residential
  
 
3
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
2
 
    6       2       2       3    
 
0.1
 
    0.3       0.1       0.1       0.1  
Total real estate
  
 
5
 
  
 
2
 
  
 
3
 
    13       4       5       6    
 
0.2
 
    0.6       0.2       0.2       0.2  
Agriculture
  
 
10
 
  
 
2
 
  
 
8
 
    16       13       4       5    
 
0.4
 
    0.7       0.6       0.2       0.2  
Automotive
  
 
18
 
  
 
12
 
  
 
6
 
    16       25       9       2    
 
0.3
 
    0.7       1.1       0.4       0.1  
Financial
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
    –       1       2       –    
 
–
 
    –       –       0.1       –  
Food, beverage, and tobacco
  
 
5
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
4
 
    5       2       1       1    
 
0.2
 
    0.2       0.1       –       –  
Forestry
  
 
1
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
1
 
    –       –       1       –    
 
0.1
 
    –       –       –       –  
Government, public sector entities, and education
  
 
19
 
  
 
19
 
  
 
–
 
    –       –       –       –    
 
–
 
    –       –       –       –  
Health and social services
  
 
33
 
  
 
11
 
  
 
22
 
    21       4       4       11    
 
1.2
 
    0.9       0.2       0.2       0.5  
Industrial construction and trade contractors
  
 
101
 
  
 
74
 
  
 
27
 
    71       142       136       2    
 
1.5
 
    3.0       6.2       5.5       0.1  
Metals and mining
  
 
6
 
  
 
3
 
  
 
3
 
    4       6       7       15    
 
0.2
 
    0.2       0.2       0.3       0.7  
Pipelines, oil, and gas
  
 
39
 
  
 
22
 
  
 
17
 
    25       19       9       22    
 
1.0
 
    1.1       0.8       0.4       0.9  
Power and utilities
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
    –       –       –       –    
 
–
 
    –       –       –       –  
Professional and other services
  
 
25
 
  
 
15
 
  
 
10
 
    7       13       5       6    
 
0.5
 
    0.3       0.6       0.2       0.2  
Retail sector
  
 
118
 
  
 
66
 
  
 
52
 
    54       11       5       8    
 
2.9
 
    2.3       0.5       0.2       0.3  
Sundry manufacturing and wholesale
  
 
8
 
  
 
5
 
  
 
3
 
    10       –       6       7    
 
0.2
 
    0.4       –       0.2       0.3  
Telecommunications, cable, and media
  
 
5
 
  
 
2
 
  
 
3
 
    19       6       1       –    
 
0.2
 
    0.8       0.2       –       –  
Transportation
  
 
13
 
  
 
11
 
  
 
2
 
    4       4       2       5    
 
0.1
 
    0.2       0.2       0.1       0.2  
Other
  
 
7
 
  
 
7
 
  
 
–
 
    5       3       1       2    
 
–
 
    0.2       0.1       –       0.1  
Total business and government
  
 
413
 
  
 
252
 
  
 
161
 
    270       253       198       92    
 
9.0
 
    11.6       11.0       8.0       3.8  
Total Canada
  
 
934
 
  
 
421
 
  
 
513
 
    831       744       652       554    
 
28.8
 
    35.7       32.4       26.4       23.1  
United States
                          
Residential mortgages
  
 
397
 
  
 
18
 
  
 
379
 
    425       418       416       429    
 
21.3
 
    18.3       18.2       16.9       17.9  
Consumer instalment and other personal
                          
HELOC
  
 
336
 
  
 
26
 
  
 
310
 
    386       455       796       795    
 
17.4
 
    16.6       19.8       32.3       33.1  
Indirect Auto
  
 
194
 
  
 
23
 
  
 
171
 
    210       232       198       234    
 
9.6
 
    9.0       10.1       8.0       9.8  
Other
  
 
5
 
  
 
3
 
  
 
2
 
    8       5       6       4    
 
0.1
 
    0.3       0.2       0.2       0.2  
Credit card
5
  
 
148
 
  
 
89
 
  
 
59
 
    71       90       58       38    
 
3.3
 
    3.1       3.9       2.4       1.6  
Total personal
  
 
1,080
 
  
 
159
 
  
 
921
 
    1,100       1,200       1,474       1,500    
 
51.7
 
    47.3       52.2       59.8       62.6  
Real estate
                          
Residential
  
 
50
 
  
 
4
 
  
 
46
 
    45       20       24       27    
 
2.5
 
    1.9       0.9       1.0       1.1  
Non-residential
  
 
100
 
  
 
9
 
  
 
91
 
    87       66       97       73    
 
5.1
 
    3.8       2.9       3.9       3.1  
Total real estate
  
 
150
 
  
 
13
 
  
 
137
 
    132       86       121       100    
 
7.6
 
    5.7       3.8       4.9       4.2  
Agriculture
  
 
1
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
1
 
    1       1       2       2    
 
0.1
 
    –       –       0.1       0.1  
Automotive
  
 
4
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
4
 
    4       5       8       12    
 
0.2
 
    0.2       0.2       0.3       0.5  
Financial
  
 
7
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
7
 
    14       15       28       39    
 
0.4
 
    0.6       0.7       1.1       1.6  
Food, beverage, and tobacco
  
 
11
 
  
 
3
 
  
 
8
 
    8       8       10       9    
 
0.4
 
    0.4       0.3       0.4       0.4  
Forestry
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
    –       –       1       1    
 
–
 
    –       –       –       –  
Government, public sector entities, and education
  
 
6
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
5
 
    7       9       7       9    
 
0.3
 
    0.3       0.4       0.3       0.4  
Health and social services
  
 
21
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
20
 
    20       32       11       11    
 
1.1
 
    0.9       1.4       0.5       0.5  
Industrial construction and trade contractors
  
 
18
 
  
 
4
 
  
 
14
 
    13       24       19       20    
 
0.8
 
    0.6       1.0       0.8       0.8  
Metals and mining
  
 
15
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
14
 
    19       4       3       4    
 
0.8
 
    0.8       0.2       0.1       0.2  
Pipelines, oil, and gas
  
 
8
 
  
 
7
 
  
 
1
 
    1       –       11       17    
 
0.1
 
    –       –       0.5       0.7  
Power and utilities
  
 
7
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
7
 
    13       1       1       1    
 
0.4
 
    0.6       –       –       –  
Professional and other services
  
 
59
 
  
 
6
 
  
 
53
 
    52       68       44       46    
 
3.0
 
    2.2       2.9       1.8       1.9  
Retail sector
  
 
37
 
  
 
8
 
  
 
29
 
    38       38       37       37    
 
1.6
 
    1.6       1.7       1.5       1.6  
Sundry manufacturing and wholesale
  
 
14
 
  
 
2
 
  
 
12
 
    13       13       15       26    
 
0.7
 
    0.6       0.6       0.6       1.1  
Telecommunications, cable, and media
  
 
6
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
6
 
    6       4       3       1    
 
0.3
 
    0.3       0.2       0.1       –  
Transportation
  
 
27
 
  
 
2
 
  
 
25
 
    30       26       15       6    
 
1.4
 
    1.3       1.1       0.6       0.2  
Other
  
 
6
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
5
 
    21       20       6       3    
 
0.3
 
    0.9       0.9       0.2       0.1  
Total business and government
  
 
397
 
  
 
49
 
  
 
348
 
    392       354       342       344    
 
19.5
 
    17.0       15.4       13.8       14.3  
Total United States
  
 
1,477
 
  
 
208
 
  
 
1,269
 
    1,492       1,554       1,816       1,844    
 
71.2
 
    64.3       67.6       73.6       76.9  
International
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
    –       –       –       –    
 
–
 
    –       –       –       –  
Total
  
$
2,411
 
  
$
629
 
  
$
1,782
 
  $ 2,323     $ 2,298     $ 2,468     $ 2,398    
 
100.0
 % 
    100.0  %      100.0  %      100.0  %      100.0  % 
Net impaired loans as a % of common equity
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
1.89
 % 
    2.59  %      2.81  %      3.33  %      3.45  %           
 
1
Includes customers’ liability under acceptances.
2
Primarily based on the geographic location of the customer’s address.
3
 
Includes loans that are measured at FVOCI.
4
 
Excludes ACI loans, debt securities classified as loans under IAS 39
, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement
(IAS 39) and DSAC and debt securities at FVOCI under IFRS 9.
5
 
Credit cards are considered impaired when they are 90 days past due and written off at 180 days past due.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 36

TABLE 32:  IMPAIRED LOANS NET OF STAGE 3 ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES BY GEOGRAPHY
1,2,3,4,5
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
                                    
 
As at
 
 
 
Percentage of total
 
                    
 

October 31

2021
 

 
   
October 31
2020
 
 
   
October 31
2019
 
 
 
 

October 31

2021
 

 
   
October 31
2020
 
 
   
October 31
2019
 
 
     
Gross
impaired
loans
    
Stage 3
allowances for
loan losses
impaired
    
Net
impaired
loans
   
Net
impaired
loans
   
Net
impaired
loans
                      
Canada
                  
Atlantic provinces
  
$
25
 
  
$
7
 
  
$
18
 
  $ 23     $ 24    
 
1.0
 % 
    1.0  %      1.1  % 
British Columbia
6
  
 
87
 
  
 
26
 
  
 
61
 
    95       71    
 
3.4
 
    4.0       3.1  
Ontario
6
  
 
556
 
  
 
312
 
  
 
244
 
    415       382    
 
13.7
 
    17.9       16.6  
Prairies
6
  
 
223
 
  
 
58
 
  
 
165
 
    238       211    
 
9.3
 
    10.2       9.2  
Québec
  
 
43
 
  
 
18
 
  
 
25
 
    60       56    
 
1.4
 
    2.6       2.4  
Total Canada
  
 
934
 
  
 
421
 
  
 
513
 
    831       744    
 
28.8
 
    35.7       32.4  
United States
                  
Carolinas (North and South)
  
 
77
 
  
 
13
 
  
 
64
 
    99       104    
 
3.6
 
    4.3       4.5  
Florida
  
 
155
 
  
 
19
 
  
 
136
 
    154       141    
 
7.6
 
    6.6       6.1  
New England
7
  
 
259
 
  
 
24
 
  
 
235
 
    299       367    
 
13.2
 
    12.9       16.0  
New Jersey
  
 
177
 
  
 
20
 
  
 
157
 
    192       219    
 
8.8
 
    8.3       9.5  
New York
  
 
352
 
  
 
33
 
  
 
319
 
    324       324    
 
17.9
 
    13.9       14.1  
Pennsylvania
  
 
93
 
  
 
11
 
  
 
82
 
    99       84    
 
4.6
 
    4.3       3.7  
Other
  
 
364
 
  
 
88
 
  
 
276
 
    325       315    
 
15.5
 
    14.0       13.7  
Total United States
  
 
1,477
 
  
 
208
 
  
 
1,269
 
    1,492       1,554    
 
71.2
 
    64.3       67.6  
Total
  
$
    2,411
 
  
$
    629
 
  
$
    1,782
 
  $     2,323     $     2,298    
 
100.0
 % 
    100.0  %      100.0  % 
Net impaired loans as a % of net loans
                    
 
0.24
 % 
    0.32  %      0.33  %       
 
1
 
Includes customers’ liability under acceptances.
2
 
Primarily based on the geographic location of the customer’s address.
3
 
Includes loans that are measured at FVOCI.
4
 
Excludes ACI loans.
5
Credit cards are considered impaired when they are 90 days past due and written off at 180 days past due.
6
 
The territories are included as follows: Yukon is included in British Columbia; Nunavut is included in Ontario; and the Northwest Territories is included in the Prairies region.
7
 
The states included in New England are as follows: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont.
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The allowance for credit losses including
off-balance
sheet positions of $7,255 million as at October 31, 2021, was comprised of Stage 3 allowance for impaired loans of $638 million, Stage 2 allowance of $3,959 million, and Stage 1 allowance of $2,649 million, and allowance for debt securities of $9 million. The Stage 1 and 2 allowances are for performing loans and
off-balance
sheet instruments.
Stage 3 allowances (impaired)
The Stage 3 allowance for loan losses decreased $240 million, or 27%, compared with last year, reflecting resolutions of impaired loans in the Wholesale Banking portfolio, improved credit conditions, and the impact of foreign exchange.
Stage 1 and Stage 2 allowances (performing)
As at October 31, 2021, the performing allowance was $6,608 million, down from $8,499 million as at October 31, 2020. The decrease was largely related to releases this year reflecting improvement in credit conditions, including a more favourable economic outlook, and the impact of foreign exchange. The allowance decrease for consumer lending was reflected across all products and included $437 million attributable to the partners’ share of the U.S. strategic cards portfolios. The Business and Government allowance decrease was broadly reflected across various industries. The allowance for debt securities increased by $2 million compared with last year.
Forward-looking information, including macroeconomic variables deemed to be predictive of ECLs based on the Bank’s experience, is used to determine ECL scenarios and associated probability weights to determine the probability-weighted ECLs. Each quarter, all base forecast macroeconomic variables are refreshed, resulting in new upside and downside macroeconomic scenarios. The probability weightings assigned to each ECL scenario are also reviewed each quarter and updated as required, as part of the Bank’s ECL governance process. As a result of periodic reviews and quarterly updates, the allowance for credit losses may be revised to reflect updates in loss estimates based on the Bank’s recent loss experience and its forward-looking views, including the impact of
COVID-19.
The Bank periodically reviews the methodology and has performed certain additional qualitative portfolio and loan level assessments of significant increase in credit risk. Refer to Note 3 of the Bank’s 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements for further details on forward-looking information.
The probability-weighted allowance for credit losses reflects the Bank’s forward-looking views, including its estimate of the potential impact of
COVID-19.
The Bank continues to monitor the effects of
COVID-19.
To the extent that certain anticipated effects of
COVID-19
cannot be fully incorporated into quantitative models, management continues to exercise expert credit judgment in determining the amount of ECLs by considering reasonable and supportable information. There remains considerable uncertainty regarding the impact of the
COVID-19
pandemic, and as the situation unfolds, the allowance for credit losses will be refined in future quarters. Refer to Note 3 of the Bank’s 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail.
PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The PCL is the amount charged to income to bring the total allowance for credit losses, including both Stage 1 and 2 allowances (performing) and Stage 3 allowance (impaired), to a level that management considers adequate to absorb expected and incurred credit-related losses in the Bank’s loan portfolio. Provisions are reduced by any recoveries in the year.
In Canada, PCL – impaired related to residential mortgages, consumer instalment and other personal loans, and credit card loans was $553 million, a decrease of $468 million, or 46%, compared to 2020 largely related to improved credit conditions. PCL – impaired related to business and government loans was $102 million, a decrease of $178 million or 64%, compared with last year, largely related to improved credit conditions.
In the U.S., PCL – impaired related to residential mortgages, consumer instalment and other personal loans, and credit card loans was $589 million, a decrease of $712 million, or 55%, compared to 2020, largely related to improved credit conditions. PCL – impaired related to business and government loans was $73 million, a decrease of $298 million or 80%, compared with last year, largely related to improved credit conditions.
Geographically, the largest regional concentration of PCL – impaired in Canada was in Ontario. The largest regional concentration of PCL – impaired in the U.S. was in New York and New England.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 37

The following table provides a summary of provisions charged to the Consolidated Statement of Income.
 
TABLE 33:  PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
2021
     2020      2019  
Provision for credit losses – Stage 3 (impaired)
        
Canadian Retail
  
$
652
 
   $ 1,256      $ 1,126  
U.S. Retail
  
 
438
 
     997        936  
Wholesale Banking
  
 
8
 
     279        20  
Corporate
1
  
 
211
 
     431        548  
Total provision for credit losses – Stage 3
  
 
     1,309
 
         2,963            2,630  
Provision for credit losses – Stage 1 and Stage 2 (performing)
2
        
Canadian Retail
  
 
(394
) 
     1,490        180  
U.S. Retail
  
 
(688
) 
     1,928        146  
Wholesale Banking
  
 
(126
) 
     229        24  
Corporate
1
  
 
(325
) 
     632        49  
Total provision for credit losses – Stage 1 and 2
  
 
(1,533
) 
     4,279        399  
Provision for credit losses
  
$
(224
) 
   $ 7,242      $ 3,029  
 
1
 
Includes PCL on the retailer program partners’ share of the U.S. strategic cards portfolio.
2
 
Includes PCL on financial assets, loan commitments, and financial guarantees.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 38

TABLE 34:  PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES BY INDUSTRY SECTOR
1,2
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)   
For the years ended
   
Percentage of total
 
     
October 31
2021
   
October 31
2020
   
October 31
2019
   
October 31
2021
   
October 31
2020
   
October 31
2019
 
Stage 3 provision for credit losses (impaired)
            
Canada
            
Residential mortgages
  
$
–
 
  $ 27     $ 26    
 
–
 % 
    0.9  %      1.0  % 
Consumer instalment and other personal
            
HELOC
  
 
3
 
    17       11    
 
0.2
 
    0.6       0.4  
Indirect auto
  
 
151
 
    221       238    
 
11.5
 
    7.5       9.1  
Other
  
 
126
 
    226       227    
 
9.6
 
    7.6       8.6  
Credit card
  
 
273
 
    530       489    
 
20.9
 
    17.9       18.6  
Total personal
  
 
553
 
    1,021       991    
 
42.2
 
    34.5       37.7  
Real estate
            
Residential
  
 
1
 
    (4 )      1    
 
0.1
 
    (0.1 )      –  
Non-residential
  
 
–
 
    1       1    
 
–
 
    –       –  
Total real estate
  
 
1
 
    (3 )      2    
 
0.1
 
    (0.1 )      –  
Agriculture
  
 
(1
) 
    5       2    
 
(0.1
) 
    0.2       –  
Automotive
  
 
4
 
    5       8    
 
0.3
 
    0.2       0.3  
Financial
  
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
–
 
    –       –  
Food, beverage, and tobacco
  
 
2
 
    –       3    
 
0.2
 
    –       0.1  
Forestry
  
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
–
 
    –       –  
Government, public sector entities, and education
  
 
24
 
    –       –    
 
1.8
 
    –       –  
Health and social services
  
 
7
 
    4       7    
 
0.5
 
    0.1       0.3  
Industrial construction and trade contractors
  
 
24
 
    52       48    
 
1.8
 
    1.7       1.9  
Metals and mining
  
 
1
 
    4       9    
 
0.1
 
    0.1       0.3  
Pipelines, oil, and gas
  
 
8
 
    17       8    
 
0.6
 
    0.6       0.3  
Power and utilities
  
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
–
 
    –       –  
Professional and other services
  
 
13
 
    20       15    
 
1.0
 
    0.7       0.6  
Retail sector
  
 
9
 
    99       15    
 
0.7
 
    3.3       0.6  
Sundry manufacturing and wholesale
  
 
–
 
    7       5    
 
–
 
    0.2       0.2  
Telecommunications, cable, and media
  
 
–
 
    42       7    
 
–
 
    1.4       0.3  
Transportation
  
 
7
 
    15       8    
 
0.5
 
    0.6       0.3  
Other
  
 
3
 
    13       11    
 
0.3
 
    0.4       0.4  
Total business and government
  
 
102
 
    280       148    
 
7.8
 
    9.4       5.6  
Total Canada
  
 
655
 
    1,301       1,139    
 
50.0
 
    43.9       43.3  
United States
            
Residential mortgages
  
 
(4
) 
    9       10    
 
(0.3
) 
    0.3       0.4  
Consumer instalment and other personal
            
HELOC
  
 
(19
) 
    11       (12 )   
 
(1.5
) 
    0.4       (0.4 ) 
Indirect auto
  
 
92
 
    349       318    
 
7.0
 
    11.7       12.1  
Other
  
 
140
 
    171       180    
 
10.7
 
    5.8       6.8  
Credit card
  
 
380
 
    761       894    
 
29.1
 
    25.7       34.0  
Total personal
  
 
589
 
    1,301       1,390    
 
45.0
 
    43.9       52.9  
Real estate
            
Residential
  
 
3
 
    3       3    
 
0.2
 
    0.1       0.1  
Non-residential
  
 
(4
) 
    16       4    
 
(0.3
) 
    0.5       0.2  
Total real estate
  
 
(1
) 
    19       7    
 
(0.1
) 
    0.6       0.3  
Agriculture
  
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
–
 
    –       –  
Automotive
  
 
–
 
    –       1    
 
–
 
    –       –  
Financial
  
 
5
 
    1       2    
 
0.4
 
    –       –  
Food, beverage, and tobacco
  
 
3
 
    2       –    
 
0.2
 
    0.2       –  
Government, public sector entities, and education
  
 
(1
) 
    –       1    
 
(0.1
) 
    –       –  
Health and social services
  
 
3
 
    24       7    
 
0.2
 
    0.8       0.3  
Industrial construction and trade contractors
  
 
4
 
    (4 )      15    
 
0.3
 
    (0.1 )      0.6  
Metals and mining
  
 
(1
) 
    5       (1 )   
 
(0.1
) 
    0.3       –  
Pipelines, oil, and gas
  
 
8
 
    231       –    
 
0.6
 
    7.8       –  
Power and utilities
  
 
3
 
    7       18    
 
0.2
 
    0.2       0.7  
Professional and other services
  
 
2
 
    25       27    
 
0.2
 
    0.8       1.1  
Retail sector
  
 
8
 
    10       8    
 
0.6
 
    0.3       0.3  
Sundry manufacturing and wholesale
  
 
2
 
    6       2    
 
0.2
 
    0.2       –  
Telecommunications, cable, and media
  
 
1
 
    7       2    
 
0.1
 
    0.2       –  
Transportation
  
 
10
 
    7       16    
 
0.8
 
    0.2       0.6  
Other
  
 
27
 
    31       15    
 
2.1
 
    1.0       0.6  
Total business and government
  
 
73
 
    371       120    
 
5.6
 
    12.5       4.5  
Total United States
  
 
662
 
    1,672       1,510    
 
50.6
 
    56.4       57.4  
International
  
 
–
 
    2       –    
 
–
 
    0.1       –  
Total excluding other loans
  
 
1,317
 
    2,975       2,649    
 
100.6
 
    100.4       100.7  
Other loans
            
Debt securities at amortized cost and FVOCI
  
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
–
 
    –       –  
Acquired credit-impaired loans
3
  
 
(8
) 
    (12 )      (19 )   
 
(0.6
) 
    (0.4 )      (0.7 ) 
Total other loans
  
 
(8
) 
    (12 )      (19 )   
 
(0.6
) 
    (0.4 )      (0.7 ) 
Total Stage 3 provision for credit losses (impaired)
  
$
     1,309
 
  $     2,963     $     2,630    
 
100.0
 % 
    100.0  %      100.0  % 
Stage 1 and 2 provision for credit losses
            
Personal, business, and government
  
$
(1,534
) 
  $ 4,276     $ 400        
Debt securities at amortized cost and FVOCI
     1       3       (1 )       
Total Stage 1 and 2 provision for credit losses
  
 
(1,533
) 
    4,279       399        
Total provision for credit losses
  
$
(224
) 
  $ 7,242     $ 3,029        
 
1
Primarily based on the geographic location of the customer’s address.
2
Includes loans that are measured at FVOCI.
3
 
Includes all FDIC covered loans and other ACI loans.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 39

TABLE 35:  PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES BY GEOGRAPHY
1,2,3
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
 
For the years ended
 
 
 
Percentage of total
 
     
October 31
2021
   
October 31
2020
   
October 31
2019
   
October 31
2021
   
October 31
2020
   
October 31
2019
 
Canada
            
Atlantic provinces
  
$
40
 
  $ 67     $ 80    
 
(17.9
)% 
    0.9  %      2.6  % 
British Columbia
4
  
 
73
 
    138       120    
 
(32.6
) 
    1.9       4.0  
Ontario
4
  
 
315
 
    678       490    
 
(140.6
) 
    9.4       16.2  
Prairies
4
  
 
163
 
    276       302    
 
(72.8
) 
    3.8       10.0  
Québec
  
 
64
 
    142       147    
 
(28.5
) 
    2.0       4.8  
Total Canada
  
 
655
 
    1,301       1,139    
 
(292.4
) 
    18.0       37.6  
United States
            
Carolinas (North and South)
  
 
35
 
    68       63    
 
(15.6
) 
    0.9       2.1  
Florida
  
 
59
 
    117       112    
 
(26.3
) 
    1.6       3.7  
New England
5
  
 
65
 
    191       161    
 
(29.0
) 
    2.6       5.3  
New Jersey
  
 
52
 
    107       128    
 
(23.2
) 
    1.5       4.2  
New York
  
 
101
 
    180       174    
 
(45.1
) 
    2.5       5.7  
Pennsylvania
  
 
30
 
    52       61    
 
(13.4
) 
    0.7       2.0  
Other
6
  
 
320
 
    957       811    
 
(142.9
) 
    13.2       26.8  
Total United States
  
 
662
 
    1,672       1,510    
 
(295.5
) 
    23.0       49.8  
International
  
 
–
 
    2       –    
 
–
 
    –       –  
Total excluding other loans
  
 
1,317
 
    2,975       2,649    
 
(587.9
) 
    41.0       87.4  
Other loans
7
  
 
(8
) 
    (12 )      (19 )   
 
3.5
 
    (0.1 )      (0.6 ) 
Total Stage 3 provision for credit losses (impaired)
  
 
     1,309
 
        2,963           2,630    
 
(584.4
) 
    40.9       86.8  
Stage 1 and 2 provision for credit losses
  
 
(1,533
) 
    4,279       399    
 
684.4
 
    59.1       13.2  
Total provision for credit losses
  
$
(224
) 
  $ 7,242     $ 3,029    
 
100.0
 % 
    100.0  %      100.0  % 
Provision for credit losses as a % of average net loans and acceptances
6
  
October 31
2021
   
October 31
2020
   
October 31
2019
                   
Canada
            
Residential mortgages
  
 
–
 % 
    0.01  %      0.01  %       
Credit card, consumer instalment and other personal
  
 
0.35
 
    0.66       0.65        
Business and government
  
 
0.08
 
    0.22       0.13        
Total Canada
  
 
0.03
 
    0.27       0.25        
United States
            
Residential mortgages
  
 
(0.01
) 
    0.03       0.03        
Credit card, consumer instalment and other personal
  
 
1.08
 
    2.10       2.28        
Business and government
  
 
0.06
 
    0.26       0.10        
Total United States
  
 
(0.17
) 
    0.70       0.69        
International
  
 
0.03
 
    0.10       –        
Total excluding other loans
  
 
0.18
 
    0.41       0.39        
Other loans
  
 
(61.54
) 
    (7.10 )      (5.29 )       
Total Stage 3 provision for credit losses (impaired)
  
 
0.18
 
    0.41       0.39        
Stage 1 and 2 provision for credit losses
  
 
(0.21
) 
    0.59       0.06        
Total provision for credit losses as a % of average net loans and acceptances
  
 
(0.03
)% 
    0.99  %      0.44  %       
 
1
 
Primarily based on the geographic location of the customer’s address.
2
 
Includes loans that are measured at FVOCI.
3
 
Includes customers’ liability under acceptances.
4
 
The territories are included as follows: Yukon is included in British Columbia; Nunavut is included in Ontario; and Northwest Territories is included in the Prairies region.
5
 
The states included in New England are as follows: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont.
6
 
Other includes PCL attributable to other states/regions including those outside TD’s core U.S. geographic footprint.
7
 
Other loans include ACI.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 40

SOVEREIGN RISK
The following table provides a summary of the Bank’s credit exposure to certain European countries, including Greece, Italy, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain (GIIPS).
 
TABLE 36:  EXPOSURE TO EUROPE – Total Net Exposure by Country and Counterparty
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
 
                     
 
As at
 
 
 
Loans and commitments
2
 
 
 
Derivatives, repos, and securities lending
3
 
 
 
Trading and investment portfolio
4,5
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
Corporate
   
 
Sovereign
   
 
Financial
   
 
Total
   
 
Corporate
   
 
Sovereign
   
 
Financial
   
 
Total
   
 
Corporate
   
 
Sovereign
   
 
Financial
   
 
Total
   
 
Exposure
6
 
Country
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
October 31, 2021
 
GIIPS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Greece
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
Italy
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
9
 
 
 
9
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
20
 
 
 
20
 
 
 
15
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
48
 
 
 
67
 
 
 
96
 
Ireland
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
539
 
 
 
539
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
353
 
 
 
374
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
37
 
 
 
37
 
 
 
950
 
Portugal
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
118
 
 
 
61
 
 
 
179
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
182
 
Spain
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
100
 
 
 
100
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
12
 
 
 
124
 
 
 
136
 
 
 
21
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
57
 
 
 
79
 
 
 
315
 
Total GIIPS
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
648
 
 
 
648
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
140
 
 
 
558
 
 
 
709
 
 
 
39
 
 
 
5
 
 
 
142
 
 
 
186
 
 
 
1,543
 
Rest of Europe
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Austria
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
17
 
 
 
17
 
 
 
7
 
 
 
90
 
 
 
31
 
 
 
128
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,418
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
1,429
 
 
 
1,574
 
Belgium
 
 
433
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
210
 
 
 
643
 
 
 
727
 
 
 
17
 
 
 
134
 
 
 
878
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
298
 
 
 
31
 
 
 
331
 
 
 
1,852
 
Finland
 
 
–
 
 
 
199
 
 
 
9
 
 
 
208
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
109
 
 
 
119
 
 
 
228
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
980
 
 
 
64
 
 
 
1,044
 
 
 
1,480
 
France
 
 
548
 
 
 
904
 
 
 
979
 
 
 
2,431
 
 
 
46
 
 
 
364
 
 
 
1,627
 
 
 
2,037
 
 
 
234
 
 
 
5,064
 
 
 
220
 
 
 
5,518
 
 
 
9,986
 
Germany
 
 
2,411
 
 
 
429
 
 
 
353
 
 
 
3,193
 
 
 
866
 
 
 
759
 
 
 
1,513
 
 
 
3,138
 
 
 
302
 
 
 
9,628
 
 
 
98
 
 
 
10,028
 
 
 
16,359
 
Netherlands
 
 
607
 
 
 
234
 
 
 
411
 
 
 
1,252
 
 
 
287
 
 
 
272
 
 
 
338
 
 
 
897
 
 
 
141
 
 
 
2,550
 
 
 
79
 
 
 
2,770
 
 
 
4,919
 
Norway
 
 
–
 
 
 
305
 
 
 
28
 
 
 
333
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
167
 
 
 
24
 
 
 
191
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
1,161
 
 
 
628
 
 
 
1,792
 
 
 
2,316
 
Sweden
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
56
 
 
 
56
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
73
 
 
 
94
 
 
 
167
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
1,833
 
 
 
662
 
 
 
2,505
 
 
 
2,728
 
Switzerland
 
 
1,014
 
 
 
74
 
 
 
311
 
 
 
1,399
 
 
 
578
 
 
 
32
 
 
 
1,302
 
 
 
1,912
 
 
 
72
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
87
 
 
 
159
 
 
 
3,470
 
United Kingdom
 
 
6,998
 
 
 
13,841
 
 
 
1,151
 
 
 
21,990
 
 
 
1,790
 
 
 
1,304
 
 
 
11,022
 
 
 
14,116
 
 
 
1,487
 
 
 
382
 
 
 
539
 
 
 
2,408
 
 
 
38,514
 
Other
7
 
 
–
 
 
 
162
 
 
 
119
 
 
 
281
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
224
 
 
 
372
 
 
 
596
 
 
 
6
 
 
 
460
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
477
 
 
 
1,354
 
Total Rest of Europe
 
 
12,011
 
 
 
16,148
 
 
 
3,644
 
 
 
31,803
 
 
 
4,301
 
 
 
3,411
 
 
 
16,576
 
 
 
24,288
 
 
 
2,257
 
 
 
23,774
 
 
 
2,430
 
 
 
28,461
 
 
 
84,552
 
Total Europe
 
$
12,011
 
 
$
16,148
 
 
$
4,292
 
 
$
32,451
 
 
$
4,312
 
 
$
3,551
 
 
$
17,134
 
 
$
    24,997
 
 
$
2,296
 
 
$
23,779
 
 
$
2,572
 
 
$
    28,647
 
 
$
86,095
 
Country
                                                                        October 31, 2020  
GIIPS
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Greece
  $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –  
Italy
    –       –       10       10       –       –       3       3       17       –       17       34       47  
Ireland
    –       –       320       320       11       –       331       342       –       –       21       21       683  
Portugal
    –       –       –       –       –       86       24       110       13       –       –       13       123  
Spain
    –       –       89       89       –       –       86       86       4       715       38       757       932  
Total GIIPS
    –       –       419       419       11       86       444       541       34       715       76       825       1,785  
Rest of Europe
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Austria
    –       –       18       18       3       122       33       158       5       1,266       9       1,280       1,456  
Belgium
    266       –       189       455       824       30       175       1,029       40       320       –       360       1,844  
Finland
    –       252       9       261       –       52       63       115       –       1,054       16       1,070       1,446  
France
    591       1,024       962       2,577       55       1,075       1,253       2,383       109       4,789       466       5,364       10,324  
Germany
    1,481       494       374       2,349       895       697       725       2,317       249       9,691       30       9,970       14,636  
Netherlands
    609       275       536       1,420       383       179       1,086       1,648       29       2,635       220       2,884       5,952  
Norway
    –       365       29       394       –       439       42       481       5       708       439       1,152       2,027  
Sweden
    –       –       67       67       –       109       174       283       4       1,784       781       2,569       2,919  
Switzerland
    1,163       151       331       1,645       327       19       856       1,202       16       –       162       178       3,025  
United Kingdom
    5,333       9,797       760       15,890       1,592       847       8,424       10,863       93       479       526       1,098       27,851  
Other
7
    –       273       109       382       9       203       699       911       –       430       40       470       1,763  
Total Rest of Europe
    9,443       12,631       3,384       25,458       4,088       3,772       13,530       21,390       550       23,156       2,689       26,395       73,243  
Total Europe
  $ 9,443     $ 12,631     $ 3,803     $ 25,877     $ 4,099     $ 3,858     $ 13,974     $ 21,931     $ 584     $ 23,871     $ 2,765     $ 27,220     $ 75,028  
1
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
2
Exposures include interest-bearing deposits with banks and are presented net of impairment charges where applicable. There were no impairment charges for European exposures as at October 31, 2021, or October 31, 2020.
3
Exposures are calculated on a fair value basis and are net of collateral. Total market value of pledged collateral is $1.9 billion (October 31, 2020 – $1.5 billion) for GIIPS and $78.0 billion for the rest of Europe (October 31, 2020 – $82.3 billion). Derivatives are presented as net exposures where there is an International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) master netting agreement.
4
Trading and investment portfolio includes deposits and trading exposures are net of eligible short positions.
5
The fair values of the GIIPS exposures in Level 3 in the trading and investment portfolio were nil as at October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
6
The Bank had nil related notional protection purchased through CDS (October 31, 2020 – nil).
7
Other European exposure is distributed across 12 countries (October 31, 2020 – 12 countries), each of which has a net exposure including loans and commitments, derivatives, repos and securities lending, and trading and investment portfolio below $1 billion as at October 31, 2021.
Of the Bank’s European exposure, approximately 98% (October 31, 2020 – 97%) is to counterparties in countries rated either Aa3 or better by Moody’s Investor Services (Moody’s) or AA or better by Standard & Poor’s (S&P), with the majority of this exposure to the sovereigns themselves or to well rated, systemically important banks in these countries. Derivatives and securities repurchase transactions are completed on a collateralized basis. The vast majority of derivatives exposure is offset by cash collateral while the repurchase transactions are backed largely by government securities rated AA or better, and cash. The Bank also takes a limited amount of exposure to well rated corporate issuers in Europe where the Bank also does business with their related entities in North America.
In addition to the European exposure identified above, the Bank also has $13.6 billion (October 31, 2020 – $14.8 billion) of exposure to supranational entities with European sponsorship and $3.5 billion (October 31, 2020 – $6.2 billion) of indirect exposure to European collateral from
non-European
counterparties related to repurchase and securities lending transactions that are margined daily.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 41

 
GROUP FINANCIAL CONDITION
Capital Position
 
TABLE 37:  CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND RATIOS – Basel III
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
 
2021
 
    2020  
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital
    
Common shares plus related contributed surplus
  
$
23,086
 
  $ 22,570  
Retained earnings
  
 
63,944
 
    53,845  
Accumulated other comprehensive income
  
 
7,097
 
    13,437  
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital before regulatory adjustments
  
 
94,127
 
    89,852  
    
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital regulatory adjustments
    
Goodwill (net of related tax liability)
  
 
(16,099
) 
    (17,019 ) 
Intangibles (net of related tax liability)
  
 
(2,006
) 
    (2,030 ) 
Deferred tax assets excluding those arising from temporary differences
  
 
(100
) 
    (177 ) 
Cash flow hedge reserve
  
 
(1,691
) 
    (3,720 ) 
Shortfall of provisions to expected losses
  
 
–
 
    –  
Gains and losses due to changes in own credit risk on fair valued liabilities
  
 
(124
) 
    (57 ) 
Defined benefit pension fund net assets (net of related tax liability)
  
 
(470
) 
    (9 ) 
Investment in own shares
  
 
(36
) 
    (36 ) 
Non-significant
investments in the capital of banking, financial, and insurance entities, net of eligible short positions (amount above 10% threshold)
  
 
(4,486
) 
    (6,321 ) 
Significant investments in the common stock of banking, financial, and insurance entities that are outside the scope of regulatory consolidation, net of eligible short positions (amount above 10% threshold)
  
 
–
 
    –  
Other deductions or regulatory adjustments to CET1 as determined by OSFI
1
  
 
822
 
    2,133  
Total regulatory adjustments to Common Equity Tier 1 Capital
  
 
(24,190
) 
    (27,236 ) 
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital
  
 
69,937
 
    62,616  
    
Additional Tier 1 Capital instruments
    
Directly issued qualifying Additional Tier 1 instruments plus stock surplus
  
 
5,691
 
    5,647  
Directly issued capital instruments subject to phase out from Additional Tier 1
  
 
450
 
    1,190  
Additional Tier 1 instruments issued by subsidiaries and held by third parties
  
 
–
 
    –  
Additional Tier 1 Capital instruments before regulatory adjustments
  
 
6,141
 
    6,837  
    
Additional Tier 1 Capital instruments regulatory adjustments
    
Non-significant
investments in the capital of banking, financial, and insurance entities, net of eligible short positions (amount above 10% threshold)
  
 
(12
) 
    (12 ) 
Significant investments in the capital of banking, financial, and insurance entities that are outside the scope of regulatory consolidation, net of eligible short positions
  
 
(350
) 
    (350 ) 
Total regulatory adjustments to Additional Tier 1 Capital
  
 
(362
) 
    (362 ) 
Additional Tier 1 Capital
  
 
5,779
 
    6,475  
Tier 1 Capital
  
 
75,716
 
    69,091  
    
Tier 2 Capital instruments and provisions
    
Directly issued qualifying Tier 2 instruments plus related stock surplus
  
 
11,030
 
    11,277  
Directly issued capital instruments subject to phase out from Tier 2
  
 
120
 
    160  
Collective allowances
  
 
1,665
 
    509  
Tier 2 Capital before regulatory adjustments
  
 
12,815
 
    11,946  
    
Tier 2 regulatory adjustments
    
Investment in own Tier 2 instruments
  
 
(8
) 
    –  
Non-significant
investments in the capital of banking, financial, and insurance entities, net of eligible short positions (amount above 10% threshold)
2
  
 
(308
) 
    (856 ) 
Non-significant
investments in the other TLAC-eligible instruments issued by
G-SIBs
and Canadian
D-SIBs,
where the institution does not own more than 10% of the issued common share capital of the entity: amount previously designated for the 5% threshold but that no longer meets the conditions
  
 
(68
) 
    –  
Significant investments in the capital of banking, financial, and insurance entities that are outside the scope of regulatory consolidation, net of eligible short positions
  
 
(160
) 
    (160 ) 
Total regulatory adjustments to Tier 2 Capital
  
 
(544
) 
    (1,016 ) 
Tier 2 Capital
  
 
12,271
 
    10,930  
Total Capital
  
$
87,987
 
  $ 80,021  
    
Risk-weighted assets
  
$
    460,270
 
  $     478,909  
    
Capital Ratios and Multiples
3
    
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (as percentage of risk-weighted assets)
  
 
15.2
 % 
    13.1  % 
Tier 1 Capital (as percentage of risk-weighted assets)
  
 
16.5
 
    14.4  
Total Capital (as percentage of risk-weighted assets)
  
 
19.1
 
    16.7  
Leverage ratio
4
  
 
4.8
 
    4.5  
1
Represents ECL transitional arrangements provided by OSFI. Refer to the “OSFI’s Capital Requirements under Basel III” within the “Capital Position” section of this document for additional details.
2
Includes other TLAC-eligible instruments issued by global systemically important banks
(G-SIBs)
and Canadian domestic systemically important banks
(D-SIBs)
that are outside the scope of regulatory consolidation, where the institution does not own more than 10% of the issued common share capital of the entity.
3
The CET1, Tier 1, Total Capital and Leverage ratios excluding the ECL transitional arrangements are 15.0%, 16.3%, 19.1%, and 4.7%, respectively.
4
The Leverage ratio is calculated as Tier 1 Capital divided by leverage exposure, as defined in the “Regulatory Capital” section of this document.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 42

THE BANK’S CAPITAL MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES
The Bank’s capital management objectives are:
•  
To be an appropriately capitalized financial institution as determined by:
  –
the Bank’s Risk Appetite Statement (RAS);
  –
capital requirements defined by relevant regulatory authorities; and
  –
the Bank’s internal assessment of capital requirements, including stress test analysis, consistent with the Bank’s risk profile and risk tolerance levels.
•  
To have the most economic weighted-average cost of capital achievable, while preserving the appropriate mix of capital elements to meet targeted capitalization levels.
•  
To ensure ready access to sources of appropriate capital, at reasonable cost, in order to:
  –
insulate the Bank from unexpected loss events; and
  –
support and facilitate business growth and/or acquisitions consistent with the Bank’s strategy and risk appetite.
•  
To support strong external debt ratings, in order to manage the Bank’s overall cost of funds and to maintain access to required funding.
These objectives are applied in a manner consistent with the Bank’s overall objective of providing a satisfactory return on shareholders’ equity.
CAPITAL SOURCES
The Bank’s capital is primarily derived from common shareholders and retained earnings. Other sources of capital include the Bank’s preferred shareholders, limited recourse capital noteholders, and holders of the Bank’s subordinated debt.
CAPITAL MANAGEMENT
The Treasury and Balance Sheet Management (TBSM) group manages capital for the Bank and is responsible for forecasting and monitoring compliance with capital targets, on a consolidated basis, with oversight provided by Asset/Liability and Capital Committee (ALCO). The Board of Directors (the “Board”) oversees capital adequacy risk management.
The Bank continues to hold sufficient capital levels to ensure that flexibility is maintained to grow operations, both organically and through strategic acquisitions. The strong capital ratios are the result of the Bank’s internal capital generation, OSFI’s expectation that financial institutions halt dividend increases and share buybacks as part of the response to COVID-19, management of the balance sheet, and periodic issuance of capital securities.
ECONOMIC CAPITAL
Economic capital is the Bank’s internal measure of capital requirements and is one of the key components in the Bank’s internal assessment of capital adequacy. Economic capital is comprised of both risk-based capital required to fund losses that could occur under extremely adverse economic or operational conditions and investment capital utilized to fund acquisitions or investments to support future earnings growth.
The Bank uses internal models to determine the amount of risk-based capital required to support the risks resulting from the Bank’s business operations. Characteristics of these models are described in the “Managing Risk” section of this document. The objective of the Bank’s economic capital framework is to hold risk-based capital to cover unexpected losses in a manner consistent with the Bank’s capital management objectives.
The Bank operates its capital regime under the Basel Capital Framework. Consequently, in addition to addressing Pillar 1 risks covering credit risk, market risk, and operational risk, the Bank’s economic capital framework captures other material Pillar 2 risks including
non-trading
market risk for the retail portfolio (interest rate risk in the banking book), additional credit risk due to concentration (commercial and wholesale portfolios) and risks classified as “Other”, namely business risk, insurance risk, and risks associated with the Bank’s significant investments. The framework also captures diversification benefits across risk types and business segments.
Please refer to the “Economic Capital and Risk-Weighted Assets by Segment” section for a business segment breakdown of the Bank’s economic capital.
REGULATORY CAPITAL
Capital requirements of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) are commonly referred to as Basel III. Under Basel III, Total Capital consists of three components, namely CET1, Additional Tier 1, and Tier 2 Capital. Risk sensitive regulatory capital ratios are calculated by dividing CET1, Tier 1, and Total Capital by
risk-weighted
assets
(
RWA), inclusive of any minimum requirements outlined under the regulatory floor. In 2015, Basel III introduced a
non-risk
sensitive leverage ratio to act as a supplementary measure to the risk-sensitive capital requirements. The leverage ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 Capital by leverage exposure which is primarily comprised of
on-balance
sheet assets with adjustments made to derivative and securities financing transaction exposures, and credit equivalent amounts of
off-balance
sheet exposures. TD continued to manage its regulatory capital in accordance with the Basel III Capital Framework as discussed in the “Capital Position” section of this document.
OSFI’s Capital Requirements under Basel III
OSFI’s Capital Adequacy Requirements (CAR) guideline details how the Basel III capital rules apply to Canadian banks. Other requirements are noted below.
Effective January 1, 2013, all newly issued
non-common
Tier 1 and Tier 2 Capital instruments must include
non-viability
contingent capital (NVCC) provisions to qualify as regulatory capital. NVCC provisions require the conversion of
non-common
capital instruments into a variable number of common shares of the Bank upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event. A Trigger Event is defined as an event where OSFI determines that the Bank is, or is about to become,
non-viable
and that after conversion of all
non-common
capital instruments, the viability of the Bank is expected to be restored, or if the Bank has accepted or agreed to accept a capital injection or equivalent support from a federal or provincial government of Canada without which the Bank would have been determined by OSFI to be
non-viable.
Existing
non-common
Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital instruments which do not include NVCC provisions are
non-qualifying
capital instruments and are subject to a
phase-out
period which began in 2013 and ends in 2022.
The CAR guideline sets the minimum CET1, Tier 1, and Total Capital ratios at 4.5%, 6%, and 8%, respectively. OSFI also expects Canadian banks to include a capital conservation buffer of 2.5%. Additionally, the six Canadian banks designated as
D-SIBs,
including TD, are subject to a 1% common equity surcharge.
The Canadian Banks are also required to hold a countercyclical capital buffer (CCB), which may range from 0% to 2.5%, and be met with CET1 capital. The CCB is calculated using the weighted-average of the buffers deployed in Canada and across BCBS member jurisdictions and selected
non-member
jurisdictions to which the Bank has private sector credit exposures. Due to
COVID-19,
several foreign jurisdictions have released, reduced or delayed planned increases in their CCBs. Canada’s CCB remains unchanged at 0%. Based on the allocation of exposures and buffers currently in place, the Bank’s countercyclical buffer requirement is 0% as at October 31, 2021.
On June 25, 2018, OSFI provided greater transparency related to a previously undisclosed Pillar 2 CET1 capital buffer through the introduction of the public Domestic Stability Buffer (DSB) held by
D-SIBs
against Pillar 2 risks associated with systemic vulnerabilities. The level of the buffer ranges between 0% and 2.5% of total RWA and must be met with CET1 Capital. At a minimum, OSFI will review the buffer semi-annually and any changes will be made public. On March 13, 2020, as part of its
COVID-19
response, OSFI announced that the DSB, previously set to increase to 2.25% effective April 30, 2020, was being lowered to 1.00% effective immediately. On June 17, 2021, OSFI announced that the DSB would increase to 2.50% of total risk-weighted assets, effective October 31, 2021.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 43

Effective in the second quarter of 2018, OSFI implemented a revised methodology for calculating the regulatory capital floor. The revised floor is based on the Basel II standardized approach with a factor applied. The floor factor was lowered to 70%, from 75%, effective April 9, 2020. The Bank is not currently constrained by the capital floor.
The table below summarizes OSFI’s current regulatory minimum capital ratios for the Bank.
 
REGULATORY CAPITAL TARGET RATIOS
 
      Minimum     Capital
Conservation
Buffer
   
D-SIB / G-SIB
1

Surcharge
    Pillar 1
2

Regulatory
target
    DSB
3
    Pillar 1 & 2
regulatory
target
 
CET1
     4.5  %      2.5  %      1.0  %      8.0  %      2.5  %      10.5  % 
Tier 1
     6.0       2.5       1.0       9.5       2.5       12.0  
Total Capital
     8.0       2.5       1.0       11.5       2.5       14.0  
1
The higher of the
D-SIB
and
G-SIB
surcharge applies. The
D-SIB
surcharge is currently equivalent to the Bank’s 1%
G-SIB
additional common equity requirement. The
G-SIB
surcharge may increase above 1% if the Bank’s
G-SIB
score increases above certain thresholds to a maximum of 4.5%.
2
The Bank’s countercyclical buffer requirement is 0% as of July 31, 2021.
3
The DSB increased to 2.5%, from 1.0%, of total RWA effective October 31, 2021.
The Bank’s Leverage Ratio is calculated as per OSFI’s Leverage Requirements guideline and has a regulatory minimum requirement of 3%.
On September 23, 2018, the Canadian
Bail-in
regime came into effect, including OSFI’s Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (TLAC) guideline. Under this guideline, the Bank is required to meet supervisory risk-based TLAC and TLAC leverage ratio targets by November 1, 2021. As of September 2018, the targets were 23.0% of RWA for the risk-based TLAC ratio, inclusive of the 1.50% DSB effective at that time, and 6.75% for the TLAC leverage ratio. As a result of the June 17, 2021 OSFI announcement related to the increase in the DSB, the Bank will be required to meet a risk-based TLAC target ratio of 24.0% of RWA, inclusive of the 2.50% DSB, by November 1, 2021. Any further changes to the DSB will result in corresponding changes to the risk-based TLAC target ratio.
In July 2019, in consideration of the final Basel III revisions published by the BCBS in December 2017, OSFI published guidance related to the capital requirements for operational risk. Banks currently approved to use the Advanced Measurement Approach (AMA) will be required to use a revised Basel III standardized approach when the revised requirements are implemented in Canada. OSFI provided a transition period for fiscal 2020 through to 2022, during which time banks currently approved to use AMA are required to report operational risk capital using the current standardized approach.
On November 22, 2019, the Bank was designated as a Global Systemically Important Bank
(G-SIB)
by the Financial Stability Board (FSB). The public communications on G-SIB status is issued annually each November. The Bank continued to maintain its
G-SIB
status when the FSB published the 2021 list of
G-SIBs
on November 23, 2021. As a result of the designation, the Bank continues to be subject to an additional loss absorbency requirement (CET1 as a percentage of RWA) of 1%. In accordance with OSFI’s CAR guideline, for Canadian banks designated as a
G-SIB,
the higher of the
D-SIB
and
G-SIB
surcharges will apply. As the
D-SIB
surcharge is currently equivalent to the 1%
G-SIB
requirement, the Bank’s
G-SIB
designation has no additional impact on the Bank’s minimum CET1 regulatory requirements. For further detail, please refer to the “Global Systemically Important Banks Designation and Disclosures” section of the Bank’s 2021 Annual Report.
In fiscal 2020, OSFI introduced a number of measures to support
D-SIBs’
ability to supply credit to the economy during an expected period of disruption related to
COVID-19
and market conditions. These measures, that were immediately effective, and subsequent guidance issued by OSFI, are summarized below.
 
•  
On March 13, 2020, as noted above, OSFI lowered the DSB to 1.00%, and set the expectation for all federally regulated financial institutions that dividend increases and share buybacks should be halted. On June 17, 2021, OSFI announced that the DSB would increase to 2.50% of total risk-weighted assets, effective October 31, 2021. On November 4, 2021, OSFI lifted the temporary expectation that financial institutions not increase regular dividends or undertake share repurchases, effective immediately.
•  
On March 27, 2020, OSFI announced the following additional measures:
  –
Bank loans subject to payment deferrals, such as mortgage loans, small business loans, retail loans and mid market commercial loans continued to be treated as performing loans under the CAR Guideline. This temporary capital treatment remained in place for the duration of the payment deferral, up to a maximum of 6 months. On August 31, 2020 OSFI published guidance on the phase out of the capital treatment of loans subject to payment deferrals. Loans granted payment deferrals after September 30, 2020, are not eligible for special capital treatment.
  –
OSFI announced that transitional arrangements for ECL provisioning available under the Basel Framework would be introduced. The adjustment allowed a portion of the increase in Stage 1 and Stage 2 allowances relative to a baseline level to be included in CET1 capital, rather than Tier 2 Capital, as the CAR guideline specifies. The baseline level is the sum of Stage 1 and Stage 2 allowances as at the first quarter of 2020 (for October
year-end
deposit-taking institutions (DTIs)). This increase is tax effected and is subject to a scaling factor, which was set at 70% in fiscal 2020, 50% in fiscal 2021, and 25% in fiscal 2022.
  –
Institutions subject to market risk capital requirements and using internal models were permitted to reduce the stressed
Value-at-Risk
(VaR) multiplier, that they were subject to at the end of the first quarter of 2020, by two. On March 16, 2021, OSFI announced the expiration, effective May 1, 2021, of the temporary reduction in the stressed VaR multiplier.
  –
Institutions are expected to remove hedges of Funding Valuation Adjustment (FVA) from the calculation of market risk capital to address the asymmetry in the rule where these hedges of FVA were included, while the underlying exposures to FVA were not. This removal was made effective at the beginning of the second fiscal quarter of 2020.
  –
OSFI issued guidance on the capital treatment for exposures acquired through new Government of Canada programs referenced in “The Bank’s Response to
COVID-19”
section of this document. The new CEBA Program is funded by the Government of Canada, and the loan exposures within this program can be excluded from the risk-based capital ratios and from the leverage ratio calculation. For the EDC Business Credit Availability Program, the government-guaranteed portion of the loan is treated as a sovereign exposure, with the remaining portion treated as a loan to the borrower. The entire amount of the loan is included in the leverage ratio calculation.
 
•  
On April 9, 2020, OSFI announced DTIs could temporarily exclude exposures from central bank reserves and sovereign-issued securities that qualify as High-Quality Liquid Assets (HQLA) under the Liquidity Adequacy Requirements (LAR) Guideline from the leverage ratio measure. On August 12, 2021, OSFI confirmed that the exclusion of sovereign-issued securities will not extend past December 31, 2021. Central bank reserves will continue to be excluded from the leverage ratio exposure measure until further notice.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 44

•  
On April 23, 2020, OSFI clarified that PPP loans pledged under the Boston Federal Reserve’s PPP Lending Facility can be excluded from the risk-based capital and leverage ratios.
On January 27, 2021, OSFI published guidance on the treatment of new loans to businesses through the Government of Canada’s HASCAP, announced on January 26, 2021. HASCAP loans are treated as sovereign exposures based on the BDC guarantee and the relevant risk weight applied under OSFI’s CAR guideline. The entire amount of the loan is included in the lender’s leverage ratio calculation. The Bank began originating loans under the HASCAP program in the second quarter of 2021.
Capital Position and Capital Ratios
The Basel framework allows qualifying banks to determine capital levels consistent with the way they measure, manage, and mitigate risks. It specifies methodologies for the measurement of credit, trading market, and operational risks. The Bank uses the Advanced Internal Ratings-Based (AIRB) approach to credit risk for all material portfolios. In the third quarter of 2020, OSFI approved the Bank to calculate the
non-retail
portfolio credit RWA in the U.S. Retail segment using the AIRB approach.
During the third quarter of 2020, the Bank transitioned the U.S.
non-retail
portfolios from the Standardized Approach to the AIRB Approach for measuring credit risk RWA. As a result of this transition, the increase in Stage 1 and Stage 2 allowances allocated to the AIRB approach relative to the Q1 2020 baseline amount was capped at the total increase in Stage 1 and Stage 2 allowances reported by the Bank, for the purpose of the OSFI ECL provisioning transitional adjustment to CET1 capital that would otherwise be included in Tier 2 capital.
For accounting purposes, IFRS is followed for consolidation of subsidiaries and joint ventures. For regulatory capital purposes, all the subsidiaries of the Bank are consolidated except for insurance subsidiaries which are deconsolidated and follow prescribed treatment per OSFI’s CAR guidelines. Insurance subsidiaries are subject to their own capital adequacy reporting, such as OSFI’s Life Insurance Capital Adequacy Test.
Some of the Bank’s subsidiaries are individually regulated by either OSFI or other regulators. Many of these subsidiaries have minimum capital requirements which may limit the Bank’s ability to extract capital or funds for other uses.
As at October 31, 2021, the Bank’s CET1, Tier 1, and Total Capital ratios were 15.2%, 16.5%, and 19.1%, respectively. The increase in the Bank’s CET1 Capital ratio from 13.1% as at October 31, 2020 was attributable primarily to organic capital growth, actuarial gains on employee benefit plans (net), a decrease in the adjustment related to the
non-significant
investments in the capital of banking, financial, and insurance entities, and a decrease in RWA mainly in the U.S. Retail segment. These favourable items were offset by the reduction in the scaling factor related to OSFI’s transition arrangement for ECL provisioning, from 70% in fiscal 2020 to 50% in fiscal 2021.
As at October 31, 2021, the Bank’s leverage ratio was 4.8%. Compared with the Bank’s leverage ratio of 4.5% at October 31, 2020, the leverage ratio increased due primarily to organic capital growth, partially offset by exposure growth primarily in the Canadian Retail and Wholesale Banking segments.
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital
CET1 Capital was $70 billion as at October 31, 2021. Earnings contributed the majority of CET1 Capital growth in the year. Capital management funding activities during the year included common share issuance of $579 million under the dividend reinvestment plan and from stock option exercises.
Tier 1 and Tier 2 Capital
Tier 1 Capital was $75.7 billion as at October 31, 2021, consisting of CET1 Capital and Additional Tier 1 Capital of $69.9 billion and $5.8 billion, respectively. The Bank’s Tier 1 Capital management activities during the year consisted of the redemption of (or announced intention to redeem) four Tier
1-qualifying
capital instruments and the issuance of one Tier
1-qualifying
capital instrument. On April 30, 2021, the Bank redeemed all of its 28 million outstanding
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Rate Reset Class A First Preferred Shares NVCC, Series 12 (“Series 12 Preferred Shares”), at a redemption price of $25.00 per Series 12 Preferred Share, for a total redemption cost of $700 million. On October 31, 2021, the Bank redeemed all of its 40 million outstanding
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Rate Reset Class A First Preferred Shares NVCC, Series 14 (“Series 14 Preferred Shares”), at a redemption price of $25.00 per Series 14 Preferred Share, for a total redemption cost of $1 billion. The Bank also redeemed (or announced intention to redeem) two Series of Tier
1-qualifying
capital instruments issued through TD Capital Trust IV (“Trust IV”) which as of November 1, 2021 will no longer be recognized as regulatory capital under Basel III. On June 30, 2021, Trust IV redeemed all of the outstanding TD Capital Trust IV Notes – Series 3 (TD CaTS IV – 3). On September 23, 2021, Trust IV announced its intention to redeem all of the outstanding TD Capital Trust IV Notes – Series 2 (TD CaTS IV – 2) and subsequently redeemed all of the outstanding TD CaTS IV – 2 on November 1, 2021. On July 29, 2021, the Bank issued $1,750 million of Limited Recourse Capital Notes NVCC, Series 1 (the “LRCNs”) with recourse limited to assets held in a trust consolidated by the Bank.
Tier 2 Capital was $12.3 billion as at October 31, 2021. There were no Tier 2 Capital management activities during the year.
INTERNAL CAPITAL ADEQUACY ASSESSMENT PROCESS
The Bank’s Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP) is an integrated enterprise-wide process that encompasses the governance, management, and control of risk and capital functions within the Bank. It provides a framework for relating risks to capital requirements through the Bank’s capital modelling and stress testing practices which help inform the Bank’s overall capital adequacy requirements.
The ICAAP is led by TBSM and is supported by numerous functional areas who together help assess the Bank’s internal capital adequacy. This assessment evaluates the capacity to bear risk in congruence with the Bank’s risk profile and RAS. TBSM assesses and monitors the overall adequacy of the Bank’s available capital in relation to both internal and regulatory capital requirements under normal and stressed conditions.
DIVIDEND RESTRICTIONS
The Bank’s ability to pay dividends is subject to the requirements of the
Bank Act
and OSFI. Refer to Note 21 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on dividend restrictions.
On March 13, 2020, OSFI issued a news release announcing a series of measures to support the resilience of financial institutions in response to challenges posed by COVID-19. These measures included the expectation that all federally regulated financial institutions halt dividend increases and share buybacks. On November 4, 2021, OSFI lifted the temporary expectation that financial institutions not increase regular dividends or undertake share repurchases, effective immediately.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 45

DIVIDENDS
On December 1, 2021, the Board approved a dividend in an amount of eighty-nine cents (89 cents) per fully paid common share in the capital stock of the Bank for the quarter ending January 31, 2022, payable on and after January 31, 2022, to shareholders of record at the close of business on January 10, 2022.
DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN
The Bank offers a dividend reinvestment plan for its common shareholders. Participation in the plan is optional and under the terms of the plan, cash dividends on common shares are used to purchase additional common shares. At the option of the Bank, the common shares may be issued from the Bank’s treasury at an average market price based on the last five trading days before the date of the dividend payment, with a discount of between 0% to 5% at the Bank’s discretion, or purchased in the open market at market price.
During the year ended October 31, 2021, all 5.1 million common shares issued from the Bank’s treasury, under the dividend reinvestment plan, were issued with no discount. During the year ended October 31, 2020, 4.1 million common shares were issued from the Bank’s treasury with no discount and 10.0 million common shares were issued from the Bank’s treasury with a 2% discount under the dividend reinvestment plan.
NORMAL COURSE ISSUER BID
On December 1, 2021, the Board approved the initiation of a normal course issuer bid for up to 50 million of the Bank’s common shares, subject to the approval of OSFI and the Toronto Stock Exchange. The timing and amount of any purchases under the program are subject to regulatory approvals and management discretion based on factors such as market conditions and capital adequacy.
RISK-WEIGHTED ASSETS
Based on Basel III, RWA are calculated for each of credit risk, market risk, and operational risk. Details of the Bank’s RWA are included in the following table.
 
TABLE 38:  RISK-WEIGHTED ASSETS
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)           
As at
 
     
October 31, 2021
     October 31, 2020  
     
Credit risk
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Retail
                 
Residential secured
  
$
29,736
 
   $ 33,372  
Qualifying revolving retail
  
 
31,453
 
     36,448  
Other retail
  
 
34,460
 
     42,182  
Non-retail
                 
Corporate
  
 
174,416
 
     184,326  
Sovereign
  
 
3,747
 
     3,419  
Bank
  
 
9,083
 
     8,551  
Securitization exposures
  
 
12,222
 
     12,527  
     
Equity exposures
  
 
33,936
 
     26,970  
     
Exposures subject to standardized or Internal Ratings-Based (IRB) approaches
  
 
329,053
 
     347,795  
Adjustment to IRB RWA for scaling factor
  
 
18,609
 
     19,839  
     
Other assets not included in standardized or IRB approaches
  
 
34,699
 
     35,802  
     
Total credit risk
  
 
382,361
 
     403,436  
Market risk
  
 
17,045
 
     16,758  
     
Operational risk
  
 
60,864
 
     58,715  
Total
  
$
    460,270
 
   $     478,909  
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 46

ECONOMIC CAPITAL AND RISK-WEIGHTED ASSETS BY SEGMENT
The following chart provides a breakdown of the Bank’s RWA and economic capital as at October 31, 2021. RWA reflects capital requirements assessed based on regulatory prescribed rules for credit risk, trading market risk, and operational risk. Economic capital reflects the Bank’s internal view of capital requirements for these risks as well as risks not captured within the assessment of RWA as described in the “Economic Capital” section of this document. The results shown in the chart do not reflect attribution of goodwill and intangibles. For additional information on the risks highlighted below, refer to the “Managing Risk” section of this document.
 
 
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 47

TABLE 39:  EQUITY AND OTHER SECURITIES
1
 
(millions of shares/units and millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
                  
 
As at
 
    
 
October 31, 2021
 
    October 31, 2020  
 
  
 
Number of
shares/units
 
 
 
 
Amount
 
   
Number of
shares/units
 
 
     Amount  
Common shares outstanding
  
 
1,823.9
 
 
$
23,066
 
    1,816.1      $ 22,487  
         
Treasury – common shares
  
 
(1.9
) 
 
 
(152
) 
    (0.5 )       (37 ) 
Total common shares
  
 
1,822.0
 
 
$
22,914
 
    1,815.6      $ 22,450  
Stock options
                                 
Vested
  
 
4.4
 
            5.4           
         
Non-vested
  
 
7.8
 
 
 
 
 
    7.7     
 
 
 
Preferred shares – Class A
                                 
Series 1
  
 
20.0
 
 
$
500
 
    20.0      $ 500  
Series 3
  
 
20.0
 
 
 
500
 
    20.0        500  
Series 5
  
 
20.0
 
 
 
500
 
    20.0        500  
Series 7
  
 
14.0
 
 
 
350
 
    14.0        350  
Series 9
  
 
8.0
 
 
 
200
 
    8.0        200  
Series 12
2
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    28.0        700  
Series 14
3
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    40.0        1,000  
Series 16
  
 
14.0
 
 
 
350
 
    14.0        350  
Series 18
  
 
14.0
 
 
 
350
 
    14.0        350  
Series 20
  
 
16.0
 
 
 
400
 
    16.0        400  
Series 22
  
 
14.0
 
 
 
350
 
    14.0        350  
         
Series 24
  
 
18.0
 
 
 
450
 
    18.0        450  
 
  
 
158.0
 
 
$
3,950
 
    226.0      $ 5,650  
Other equity instruments
                                 
         
Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 1
4
  
 
1.8
 
 
 
1,750
 
    –        –  
         
 
  
 
159.8
 
 
$
5,700
 
    226.0      $ 5,650  
         
Treasury – preferred shares and other equity instruments
  
 
(0.1
) 
 
 
(10
) 
    (0.1 )       (4 ) 
Total preferred shares and other equity instruments
  
 
159.7
 
 
$
5,690
 
    225.9      $ 5,646  
Debt issued by TD Capital Trust IV:
                                 
(thousands of units)
                                 
TD Capital Trust IV Notes – Series 2
5
  
 
450.0
 
 
 
450
 
    450.0        450  
TD Capital Trust IV Notes – Series 3
6
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    750.0        750  
 
1
For further details, including the conversion and exchange features, and distributions, refer to Note 21 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements.
2
On April 30, 2021, the Bank redeemed all of its 28 million outstanding Series 12 Preferred Shares, at a redemption price of $25.00 per Series 12 Preferred Share, for a total redemption cost of $700 million.
3
On October 31, 2021, the Bank redeemed all of its 40 million outstanding Series 14 Preferred Shares, at a redemption price of $25.00 per Series 14 Preferred Share, for a total redemption cost of $1 billion.
4
For Limited Recourse Capital Notes, the number of shares/units represents the number of notes issued.
5
On November 1, 2021, Trust IV redeemed all of the outstanding TD CaTS IV – 2.
6
On June 30, 2021, Trust IV redeemed all of the outstanding TD CaTS IV – 3.
Limited Recourse Capital Notes
On July 29, 2021, the Bank issued $1,750 million of Limited Recourse Capital Notes NVCC, Series 1 (the “LRCNs”) with recourse limited to assets held in a trust consolidated by the Bank (the “Limited Recourse Trust”). The Limited Recourse Trust’s assets consist of $1,750 million of the Bank’s
Non-Cumulative
5-Year
Fixed Rate Reset Preferred Shares NVCC, Series 26 (“Preferred Shares Series 26”) at a price of $1,000 per share, issued concurrently with the LRCNs. The Preferred Shares Series 26 are eliminated on the Bank’s consolidated financial statements.
The LRCNs bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.6% per annum, payable semi-annually, until October 31, 2026 and thereafter at a rate per annum, reset every five years, equal to the prevailing
5-year
Government of Canada Yield plus 2.747% until maturity on October 31, 2081. The Bank may redeem the LRCNs, in whole or in part, during the period from October 1 to and including October 31, commencing in 2026 and every five years thereafter, with the prior written approval of OSFI. In the event of
(i) non-payment
of interest following any interest payment date,
(ii) non-payment
of the redemption price in case of a redemption of the LRCNs,
(iii) non-payment
of principal plus accrued and unpaid interest at the maturity of the LRCNs, (iv) an event of default on the LRCNs, or (v) a Trigger Event, the recourse of each LRCN holder will be limited to that holder’s pro rata share of the Limited Recourse Trust’s assets.
The LRCNs, by virtue of the recourse to the Preferred Shares Series 26, include standard NVCC provisions necessary for them to qualify as Additional Tier 1 Capital under OSFI’s CAR guideline. NVCC provisions require the conversion of the instrument into a variable number of common shares upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event. In such an event, each Preferred Share Series 26 held in the Limited Recourse Trust will automatically and immediately be converted into a variable number of common shares which will be delivered to LRCN holders in satisfaction of the principal amount of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, the LRCNs. The number of common shares issued will be determined based on the conversion formula set out in the terms of the Preferred Shares Series 26.
The LRCNs are compound instruments with both equity and liability features as payments of interest and principal in cash are made at the Bank’s discretion.
Non-payment
of interest and principal in cash does not constitute an event of default and will trigger the delivery of Preferred Shares Series 26. The liability component has a nominal value and, therefore, the proceeds received upon issuance have been presented as equity, and any interest payments are accounted for as distributions on other equity instruments.
NVCC Provision
All series of preferred shares – Class A include NVCC provisions. If a NVCC trigger event were to occur and excluding the Preferred Shares Series 26 issued with respect to LRCNs, the maximum number of common shares that could be issued, assuming there are no declared and unpaid dividends on the respective series of preferred shares at the time of conversion, would be 790 million in aggregate.
The LRCNs, by virtue of the recourse to the Preferred Shares Series 26, include NVCC provisions. For LRCNs, if a NVCC trigger were to occur, the maximum number of common shares that could be issued, assuming there are no declared and unpaid dividends on the Preferred Shares Series 26, would be 350 million.
For NVCC subordinated notes and debentures, if a NVCC trigger event were to occur, the maximum number of common shares that could be issued, assuming there is no accrued and unpaid interest on the respective subordinated notes and debentures, would be 3.2 billion in aggregate. Refer to Note 21 of the Bank’s 2021 Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 48

Future Regulatory Capital Developments
On April 9, 2020, OSFI announced that in line with the BCBS decision, OSFI is extending the deadline for the implementation of the final two phases of the initial margin requirements for
non-centrally
cleared derivatives outlined in OSFI’s Guideline
E-22,
by one year. With this extension, the final implementation phase will take place on September 1, 2022, at which point covered entities with an aggregate average notional amount (AANA) of
non-centrally
cleared derivatives greater than CAD $12 billion will be subject to the requirements. As an intermediate step, beginning September 1, 2021, covered entities with an AANA of
non-centrally
cleared derivatives greater than CAD $75 billion are subject to the requirements. As part of the third phase of implementation, the Bank has been subject to the initial margin requirements for non-centrally cleared derivatives since September 1, 2018.
On November 26, 2020, the BCBS published a technical amendment for capital requirements for
non-performing
loan securitizations. The amendment includes removal of the option to use the foundation internal risk-based parameters as inputs for the internal ratings-based approach
(SEC-IRBA),
a 100% risk weight floor for exposures to securitizations that are risk weighted under
SEC-IRBA
or the standardized approach, and guidance on risk weights for certain senior tranches of securitizations. At the time of the announcement, the amendment is scheduled to be implemented no later than January 1, 2023.
On March 11, 2021, OSFI released a public consultation on proposed regulatory changes for the final round of Basel III reforms to its capital, leverage, and related disclosure guidelines for banks. OSFI’s proposals are largely in line with the international standards set by the BCBS adapted to reflect domestic market considerations. On June 18, 2021, OSFI published a public consultation on the proposed management of operational risk capital data for institutions required to use the Basel III Standardized Approach for Operational Risk capital. Also, on June 18, 2021, OSFI launched a consultation on proposed changes to the treatment of credit valuation adjustments and market risk hedges of other valuation adjustments of
over-the-counter
(OTC) derivatives. These two proposed regulatory changes are a continuation of OSFI’s public consultation on the Basel III reforms. On November 29, 2021, OSFI announced details of its final policy positions on a series of key topics associated with the Basel III reforms. As part of the announcement, OSFI announced a deferral in the timing for the domestic implementation of the Basel III reforms by one quarter from the first quarter of 2023 to the second quarter of 2023. The implementation date for revisions to OSFI’s market risk and credit valuation adjustment risk frameworks remains the first quarter of 2024.
On August 13, 2021, OSFI published final revisions to its Advisory on
G-SIBs
– Public Disclosure Requirements. The revised advisory addresses changes to the disclosure requirements included in the updated
G-SIBs
assessment methodology that was published by the BCBS in July 2018 and takes effect for the 2022
G-SIB
assessment exercise.
Global Systemically Important Banks Designation and Disclosures
The FSB, in consultation with the BCBS and national authorities, identifies
G-SIBs.
In July 2013, the BCBS issued an update to the final rules on
G-SIBs
and outlined the
G-SIB
assessment methodology which is based on the submissions of the largest global banks. Twelve indicators are used in the
G-SIB
assessment methodology to determine systemic importance. The score for a particular indicator is calculated by dividing the individual bank value by the aggregate amount for the indicator summed across all banks included in the assessment. Accordingly, an individual bank’s ranking is reliant on the results and submissions of other global banks. The update also provided clarity on the public disclosure requirements of the twelve indicators used in the assessment methodology.
The Bank is required to publish the twelve indicators used in the
G-SIB
indicator-based assessment framework. Public disclosure of financial
year-end
data is required annually, no later than the date of a bank’s first quarter public disclosure of shareholder financial data in the following year.
The public communications on
G-SIB
status is issued annually each November. On November 22, 2019, the Bank was designated as a
G-SIB
by the FSB. The Bank continued to maintain its
G-SIB
status when the FSB published the 2021 list of
G-SIBs
on November 23, 2021. As a result of this designation, the Bank would be subject to an additional loss absorbency requirement (CET1 as a percentage of RWA) of 1% under applicable FSB member authority requirements; however, in accordance with OSFI’s CAR guideline, for Canadian banks designated as a
G-SIB,
the higher of the
D-SIB
and
G-SIB
surcharges will apply. As the
D-SIB
surcharge is currently equivalent to the incremental 1%
G-SIB
common equity ratio requirement, the Bank’s G-SIB designation has no additional impact on the Bank’s minimum CET1 regulatory requirements. There is also currently no impact to the supervisory target risk-based TLAC ratio of 24.0% or TLAC leverage ratio of 6.75% as a result of the Bank’s G SIB requirements. The G-SIB surcharge may increase above 1% if the Bank’s G-SIB score increases above certain thresholds to a maximum of 4.5%.
As a result of the Bank’s
G-SIB
designation, the U.S. Federal Reserve requires TD Group US Holding LLC (TDGUS), as TD’s U.S. Intermediate Holding Company (IHC), to maintain a minimum amount of TLAC and long-term debt. From the date the Bank was designated as a
G-SIB,
TDGUS has a three-year transitional period to meet these requirements.
In July 2018, BCBS issued a revised
G-SIB
framework;
G-SIBs:
revised assessment methodology and the higher loss absorbency requirement. The new assessment methodology introduces a trading volume indicator and modifies the weights in the substitutability category, amends the definition of cross-jurisdictional indicators, extends the scope of consolidation to insurance subsidiaries, and provides further guidance on bucket migration and associated loss absorbency surcharges. The revised methodology is expected to be implemented in 2022, using the 2021
year-end
data.
 
 
GROUP FINANCIAL CONDITION
Securitization and
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
In the normal course of operations, the Bank engages in a variety of financial transactions that, under IFRS, are either not recorded on the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet or are recorded in amounts that differ from the full contract or notional amounts. These
off-balance
sheet arrangements involve, among other risks, varying elements of market, credit, and liquidity risks which are discussed in the “Managing Risk” section of this document.
Off-balance
sheet arrangements are generally undertaken for risk management, capital management, and funding management purposes and include securitizations, contractual obligations, and certain commitments and guarantees.
STRUCTURED ENTITIES
TD carries out certain business activities through arrangements with structured entities (SEs). The Bank uses SEs to raise capital, obtain sources of liquidity by securitizing certain of the Bank’s financial assets, to assist TD’s clients in securitizing their financial assets, and to create investment products for the Bank’s clients. Securitizations are an important part of the financial markets, providing liquidity by facilitating investor access to specific portfolios of assets and risks. Refer to Notes 2, 9, and 10 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements for further information regarding the Bank’s involvement with SEs.
Securitization of Bank-Originated Assets
The Bank securitizes residential mortgages, business and government loans, credit card loans, and personal loans to enhance its liquidity position, to diversify sources of funding, and to optimize the management of the balance sheet.
The Bank securitizes residential mortgages under the National Housing Act Mortgage-Backed Securities (NHA MBS) program sponsored by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). The securitization of the residential mortgages with the CMHC does not qualify for derecognition and the mortgages remain on the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. Additionally, the Bank securitizes credit card and personal loans by selling them to
Bank-sponsored
SEs that are consolidated by the Bank. The Bank also securitizes U.S. residential mortgages with U.S. government-sponsored entities which qualify for derecognition and are removed from the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. Refer to Notes 9 and 10 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
 
TD BANK GROUP
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 49

TABLE 40:  EXPOSURES SECURITIZED BY THE BANK AS ORIGINATOR
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
                                      
 
As at
 
    
 
Significant
unconsolidated SEs
 
 
  
 

Significant
consolidated
SEs
 
 
 
  
 
Non-SE
third-parties
 
    
 
Securitized
assets
 
 
  
 


Carrying
value of
retained
interests
 
 
 
 
  
 
Securitized
assets
 
 
  
 
Securitized
assets
 
 
  
 


Carrying
value of
retained
interests
 
 
 
 
                               
 
October 31, 2021
 
Residential mortgage loans
  
$
23,232
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
1,135
 
  
$
–
 
Consumer instalment and other personal loans
2
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
Credit card loans
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
1,810
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
           
Business and government loans
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
763
 
  
 
9
 
Total exposure
  
$
23,232
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
1,810
 
  
$
1,898
 
  
$
9
 
                                  October 31, 2020  
Residential mortgage loans
   $ 23,583      $ –      $ –      $ 1,688      $ –  
Consumer instalment and other personal loans
2
     –        –        2,862        –        –  
Credit card loans
     –        –        4,173        –        –  
           
Business and government loans
     –        –        –        1,004        14  
Total exposure
   $ 23,583      $ –      $ 7,035      $ 2,692      $ 14  
 
1
Includes all assets securitized by the Bank, irrespective of whether they are
on-balance
or
off-balance
sheet for accounting purposes, except for securitizations through U.S.
government-sponsored
entities.
2
In securitization transactions that the Bank has undertaken for its own assets it has acted as an originating bank and retained securitization exposure from a capital perspective.
Residential Mortgage Loans
The Bank securitizes residential mortgage loans through significant unconsolidated SEs and Canadian
non-SE
third-parties. Residential mortgage loans securitized by the Bank may give rise to full derecognition of the financial assets depending on the individual arrangement of each transaction. In instances where the Bank fully derecognizes residential mortgage loans, the Bank may be exposed to the risks of transferred loans through retained interests.
Consumer Instalment and Other Personal Loans
The Bank securitizes consumer instalment and other personal loans through a consolidated SE. The Bank consolidates the SE as it serves as a financing vehicle for the Bank’s assets, the Bank has power over the key economic decisions of the SE, and the Bank is exposed to the majority of the residual risks of the SE. As at October 31, 2021, the SE did not have any notes outstanding (October 31, 2020 – $2.9 billion). As at October 31, 2021, the Bank’s maximum potential exposure to loss for this conduit was nil (October 31, 2020 – $2.9 billion) with a fair value of nil (October 31, 2020 – $2.9 billion).
Credit Card Loans
The Bank securitizes credit card loans through an SE. The Bank consolidates the SE as it serves as a financing vehicle for the Bank’s assets, the Bank has power over the key economic decisions of the SE, and the Bank is exposed to the majority of the residual risks of the SE. As at October 31, 2021, the Bank had $2 billion of securitized credit card receivables outstanding (October 31, 2020 – $4 billion). Due to the nature of the credit card receivables, their carrying amounts approximate fair value.
Business and Government Loans
The Bank securitizes business and government loans through significant unconsolidated SEs and Canadian
non-SE
third-parties. Business and government loans securitized by the Bank may be derecognized from the Bank’s balance sheet depending on the individual arrangement of each transaction. In instances where the Bank fully derecognizes business and government loans, the Bank may be exposed to the risks of transferred loans through retained interests.
Securitization of Third-Party Originated Assets
Significant Unconsolidated Structured Entities
Multi-Seller Conduits
The Bank administers multi-seller conduits and provides liquidity facilities as well as securities distribution services; it may also provide credit enhancements. Third-party originated assets are securitized through Bank-sponsored SEs, which are not consolidated by the Bank. The Bank’s maximum potential exposure to loss due to its ownership interest in commercial paper and through the provision of liquidity facilities for multi-seller conduits was $10.5 billion as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $10.9 billion). Further, as at October 31, 2021, the Bank had committed to provide an additional $2.1 billion in liquidity facilities that can be used to support future asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) in the purchase of deal-specific assets (October 31, 2020 – $3.2 billion).
All third-party assets securitized by the Bank’s unconsolidated multi-seller conduits were originated in Canada and sold to Canadian securitization structures. Details of the Bank-administered multi-seller ABCP conduits are included in the following table.
 
TABLE 41:  EXPOSURE TO THIRD-PARTY ORIGINATED ASSETS SECURITIZED BY BANK-SPONSORED UNCONSOLIDATED CONDUITS
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
                    
 
As at
 
    
 
October 31, 2021
 
     October 31, 2020  
    
 


Exposure and
ratings profile of
unconsolidated SEs
AAA
1
 
 
 
 
  
 


Expected
weighted-
average life
(years)
2
 
 
 
 
    


Exposure and
ratings profile of
unconsolidated SEs
AAA
1
 
 
 
 
    


Expected
weighted-
average life
(years)
2
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage loans
  
$
5,395
 
  
 
3.5
 
   $ 6,411        3.5  
Automobile loans and leases
  
 
4,349
 
  
 
2.5
 
     3,802        1.8  
Equipment leases
  
 
408
 
  
 
2.6
 
     381        1.4  
         
Trade receivables
  
 
306
 
  
 
1.5
 
     306        1.5  
Total exposure
  
$
10,458
 
  
 
3.0
 
   $ 10,900        2.7  
 
1
The Bank’s total liquidity facility exposure only relates to ‘AAA’ rated assets.
2
Expected weighted-average life for each asset type is based upon each of the conduit’s remaining purchase commitment for revolving pools and the expected weighted-average life of the assets for amortizing pools.
As at October 31, 2021, the Bank held $1.7 billion of ABCP issued by Bank-sponsored multi-seller conduits within the Trading loans, securities, and other category on its Consolidated Balance Sheet (October 31, 2020 – $1.8 billion).
 
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
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OFF-BALANCE
SHEET EXPOSURE TO THIRD-PARTY SPONSORED CONDUITS
The Bank has
off-balance
sheet exposure to third-party sponsored conduits arising from providing liquidity facilities and funding commitments of $2.5 billion as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $4.0 billion). The assets within these conduits are comprised of individual notes backed by automotive loan receivables, credit card receivables, equipment receivables and trade receivables. As at October 31, 2021, these assets have maintained ratings from various credit rating agencies, with a minimum rating of A.
On-balance
sheet exposure to third-party sponsored conduits have been included in the financial statements.
COMMITMENTS
The Bank enters into various commitments to meet the financing needs of the Bank’s clients, to earn fee income, and to lease premises and equipment. Significant commitments of the Bank include financial and performance standby letters of credit, documentary and commercial letters of credit, commitments to extend credit, and obligations under long-term
non-cancellable
leases for premises and equipment. These products may expose the Bank to liquidity, credit, and reputational risks. There are adequate risk management and control processes in place to mitigate these risks. Certain commitments still remain
off-balance
sheet. Note 27 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements provides detailed information about the Bank’s commitments including credit-related arrangements and long-term commitments or leases.
GUARANTEES
In the normal course of business, the Bank enters into various guarantee contracts to support its clients. The Bank’s significant types of guarantee products are financial and performance standby letters of credit, credit enhancements, and indemnification agreements. Certain guarantees remain
off-balance
sheet. Refer to Note 27 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
 
 
GROUP FINANCIAL CONDITION
Related Party Transactions
TRANSACTIONS WITH KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL, THEIR CLOSE FAMILY MEMBERS, AND THEIR RELATED ENTITIES
Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing, and controlling the activities of the Bank, directly or indirectly. The Bank considers certain of its officers and directors to be key management personnel. The Bank makes loans to its key management personnel, their close family members, and their related entities on market terms and conditions with the exception of banking products and services for key management personnel, which are subject to approved policy guidelines that govern all employees.
In addition, the Bank offers deferred share and other plans to
non-employee
directors, executives, and certain other key employees. Refer to Note 23 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements for more details.
In the ordinary course of business, the Bank also provides various banking services to associated and other related corporations on terms similar to those offered to
non-related
parties.
TRANSACTIONS WITH SUBSIDIARIES, SCHWAB, TD AMERITRADE, AND SYMCOR INC.
Transactions between the Bank and its subsidiaries meet the definition of related party transactions. If these transactions are eliminated on consolidation, they are not disclosed as related party transactions.
Transactions between the Bank, Schwab, TD Ameritrade, and Symcor Inc. (Symcor) also qualify as related party transactions. There were no significant transactions between the Bank, Schwab, TD Ameritrade, and Symcor during the year ended October 31, 2021, other than as described in the following sections and in Note 12 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements.
i) TRANSACTIONS WITH SCHWAB AND TD AMERITRADE
The Bank has significant influence over Schwab and accounts for its investment in Schwab using the equity method. Pursuant to the Stockholder Agreement in relation to the Bank’s equity investment in Schwab, subject to certain conditions, the Bank has the right to designate two members of Schwab’s Board of Directors and has representation on two Board Committees. As of October 31, 2021, the Bank’s designated directors were the Bank’s Group President and Chief Executive Officer and the Bank’s Chair of the Board.
A description of significant transactions between the Bank and its affiliates with Schwab and TD Ameritrade is set forth below.
Insured Deposit Account Agreement
The Bank is party to the Schwab IDA Agreement which became effective on the completion of the Schwab transaction on October 6, 2020 and has an initial expiration date of July 1, 2031. Pursuant to the Schwab IDA Agreement, the Bank makes FDIC-insured (up to specified limits) deposit accounts available to clients of Schwab. Schwab provides recordkeeping and support services with respect to the Schwab IDA Agreement. The servicing fee under the Schwab IDA Agreement is set at 15 bps per annum on the aggregate average daily balance in the sweep accounts. Starting on July 1, 2021, deposits under the Schwab IDA Agreement, which were $176 billion (US$142 billion) as at October 31, 2021, can be reduced at Schwab’s option by up to US$10 billion in a year (subject to certain adjustments), with a floor of US$50 billion. The Bank paid fees of $1.6 billion during the year ended October 31, 2021 to Schwab related to sweep deposit accounts (for the period from October 6, 2020 to October 31, 2020 – $136 million). The amount paid by the Bank is based on the average insured deposit balance of $186 billion for the year ended October 31, 2021 (for the period from October 6, 2020 to October 31, 2020 – $194 billion) and yields based on agreed upon market benchmarks, less the actual interest paid to clients of Schwab.
Prior to the Schwab IDA Agreement becoming effective on completion of the Schwab transaction, the Bank was party to an insured deposit account agreement with TD Ameritrade (the “TD Ameritrade IDA Agreement”). Pursuant to the TD Ameritrade IDA Agreement, the Bank made FDIC-insured (up to specified limits) deposit accounts available to clients of TD Ameritrade as either designated sweep vehicles or as
non-sweep
deposit accounts. TD Ameritrade provided marketing and support services with respect to the TD Ameritrade IDA Agreement. The Bank earned a servicing fee of 25 bps per annum on the aggregate average daily balance in the sweep accounts (subject to adjustment based on a specified formula). The Bank paid fees of $1.9 billion during the year ended October 31, 2020 prior to completion of the Schwab transaction (October 31, 2019 – $2.2 billion) to TD Ameritrade related to sweep deposit accounts. The amount paid by the Bank was based on the average insured deposit balance of $176 billion for the year ended October 31, 2020 prior to completion of the Schwab transaction (October 31, 2019 – $140 billion) and yields based on agreed upon market benchmarks, less the actual interest paid to clients of TD Ameritrade.
As at October 31, 2021, amounts receivable from Schwab were $26 million (October 31, 2020 – $75 million). As at October 31, 2021, amounts payable to Schwab were $195 million (October 31, 2020 – $344 million).
The Bank and other financial institutions provided Schwab and its subsidiaries with unsecured revolving loan facilities. The total commitment provided by the Bank was $95 million, which was undrawn as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $305 million undrawn).
 
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
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ii) TRANSACTIONS WITH SYMCOR
The Bank has
one-third
ownership in Symcor, a Canadian provider of business process outsourcing services offering a diverse portfolio of integrated solutions in item processing, statement processing and production, and cash management services. The Bank accounts for Symcor’s results using the equity method of accounting. During the year ended October 31, 2021, the Bank paid $76 million (October 31, 2020 – $78 million; October 31, 2019 – $81 million) for these services. As at October 31, 2021, the amount payable to Symcor was $12 million (October 31, 2020 – $12 million).
The Bank and two other shareholder banks have also provided a $100 million unsecured loan facility to Symcor which was undrawn as at October 31, 2021, and October 31, 2020.
 
 
GROUP FINANCIAL CONDITION
Financial Instruments
As a financial institution, the Bank’s assets and liabilities are substantially composed of financial instruments. Financial assets of the Bank include, but are not limited to, cash, interest-bearing deposits, securities, loans, derivative instruments and securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements; while financial liabilities include, but are not limited to, deposits, obligations related to securities sold short, securitization liabilities, obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements, derivative instruments, and subordinated debt.
The Bank uses financial instruments for both trading and
non-trading
activities. The Bank typically engages in trading activities by the purchase and sale of securities to provide liquidity and meet the needs of clients and, less frequently, by taking trading positions with the objective of earning a profit. Trading financial instruments include, but are not limited to, trading securities, trading deposits, and trading derivatives.
Non-trading
financial instruments include the majority of the Bank’s lending portfolio,
non-trading
securities, hedging derivatives, and the majority of the Bank’s financial liabilities. In accordance with accounting standards related to financial instruments, financial assets or liabilities classified as held-for-trading,
non-trading
FVTPL, designated at FVTPL, FVOCI, and all derivatives are measured at fair value in the Bank’s 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements. DSAC, most loans, and other liabilities are carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate (EIR) method. For details on how fair values of financial instruments are determined, refer to the “Accounting Judgments, Estimates, and Assumptions” – “Fair Value Measurement” section of this document. The use of financial instruments allows the Bank to earn profits in trading, interest, and fee income. Financial instruments also create a variety of risks which the Bank manages with its extensive risk management policies and procedures. The key risks include interest rate, credit, liquidity, market, and foreign exchange risks. For a more detailed description on how the Bank manages its risk, refer to the “Managing Risk” section of this document.
 
 
RISK FACTORS AND MANAGEMENT
Risk Factors That May Affect Future Results
In addition to the risks described in the “Managing Risk” section, there are numerous other risk factors, many of which are beyond the Bank’s control and the effects of which can be difficult to predict, that could cause the Bank’s results to differ significantly from the Bank’s plans, objectives, and estimates or could impact the Bank’s reputation or sustainability of its business model. All forward-looking statements, including those in this MD&A, are, by their very nature, subject to inherent risks and uncertainties, general and specific, which may cause the Bank’s actual results to differ materially from the plan, objectives, estimates or expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements. Some of these factors are discussed below and others are noted in the “Caution Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” section of this document.
TOP AND EMERGING RISKS
TD considers it critical to regularly assess its operating environment and highlight top and emerging risks. These are risks with a potential to have a material effect on the Bank and where the attention of senior leaders is focused due to the potential magnitude or immediacy of their impacts.
Risks are identified, discussed, and actioned by senior leaders and reported quarterly to the Risk Committee and the Board. Specific plans to mitigate top and emerging risks are prepared, monitored, and adjusted as required.
General Business and Economic Conditions
TD and its customers operate in Canada, the U.S., and to a lesser extent in other countries. As a result, the Bank’s earnings are significantly affected by the general business and economic conditions in these regions, which could have an adverse impact on the Bank’s results, business, financial condition or liquidity, and could result in changes to the way the Bank operates. These conditions include short-term and long-term interest rates, inflation, fluctuations in financial markets, and related market liquidity, real estate prices, employment levels, consumer spending and debt levels, evolving consumer trends and business models, business investment, government spending, fiscal policy (including tax policy and rate changes), exchange rates, sovereign debt risks, the strength of the economy, threats of terrorism, civil unrest, natural disasters, extreme weather, reputational risk associated with increased regulatory, public, and media focus, pandemics or other public health emergencies, disruptions to public infrastructure, governmental policy, international trade and political relations, and the amount of business activities conducted in a specific region.
Geopolitical Risk
Government policy, international trade and political relations across the globe may impact overall market and economic stability in the regions where the Bank operates. While the nature and extent of risks may vary, they have the potential to disrupt global economic growth, create volatility in financial markets, interest rates, foreign exchange, commodity prices, credit spreads, fiscal policy and equities that may affect the Bank’s trading and
non-trading
activities, and directly and indirectly influence general business and economic conditions in ways that may have an adverse impact on the Bank and its customers. Geopolitical risks in 2021 included ongoing global tensions resulting in sanctions and countersanctions and related operational complexities, uncertainty related to the post-Brexit relationship between the United Kingdom and European Union, policy changes by the U.S. administration, shifting global dynamics, protectionist measures in response to the
COVID-19
pandemic, increasing instability in the Middle Eastern regions and Afghanistan, and record debt levels in emerging economies.
 
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 52

Impact of pandemics, including the
COVID-19
pandemic
Pandemics, epidemics or outbreaks of an infectious disease in Canada or worldwide have had, and could continue to have, an adverse impact on the Bank’s results, business, financial condition or liquidity, and could result in changes to the way the Bank operates.
The
COVID-19
pandemic has negatively impacted Canadian, U.S., and global economies; disrupted Canadian, United States, and global supply chains; disrupted financial markets; contributed to a decrease in interest rates and yields on Canadian and U.S. treasury securities; resulted in ratings downgrades; forced the closure of many businesses, leading to loss of revenues, increased unemployment necessitated the imposition of quarantines, physical distancing, business closures, travel restrictions, and
sheltering-in-place
requirements in Canada, the United States, and other countries; heightened concerns over household debt levels; and reduced customer spending and consumer confidence. The
COVID-19
pandemic has also disproportionately impacted certain communities, including racialized and other marginalized groups, highlighting underlying societal issues and disparities in financial stability.
The extent to which the
COVID-19
pandemic continues to impact the Bank’s results, business, financial condition or liquidity will depend on future developments in Canada, the U.S. and globally, including the widespread availability, uptake and efficacy of vaccines. Adverse effects to the Bank’s business and operational results may include, decreased demand for products and services; increased vulnerability of the Bank’s customers to negative or unexpected events; increased loan delinquencies; lower asset management fees; lower advisory and underwriting revenue; increased risk of impairment recognition on securities or other assets and potential reductions in income; increased
non-interest
expenses; downgrades to credit ratings; and higher credit losses due to deterioration in the financial condition of borrowers, which may necessitate further increases in provision for credit losses and net charge-offs. In addition, actual stress levels experienced by the Bank’s borrowers may differ from assumptions incorporated in estimates or models used by the Bank during or prior to the pandemic.
Governmental and regulatory authorities implemented significant measures to provide economic assistance to individual households and businesses, stabilize the financial markets, and support economic growth. While, in the short-term, these measures have mitigated some effects of the crisis, over the long-term, they may not be sufficient to fully offset its negative impact or avert continued recessionary conditions. In addition, upon cessation of these measures, the Bank may see an increase in borrower delinquencies or impairments, which could negatively impact its business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations. Furthermore, the Bank’s participation in these assistance programs has exposed the Bank to heightened risk of fraudulent behaviour by persons purporting to be eligible for such programs. Finally, it is unclear what impact, if any, the cost of implementing these programs will have on future fiscal, tax and regulatory policy, and the implications this may have for the Bank, its customers, and the financial services industry.
The pandemic has created additional operational and compliance risks, including the need to implement and execute new programs and procedures for the Bank’s products and services; provide enhanced safety measures for its employees and customers; comply with changing regulatory guidance; address the risk and increased incidence of attempted fraudulent activity and cybersecurity threat behaviour; and protect the integrity and functionality of the Bank’s systems, networks, and data as a larger number of employees work remotely. The Bank is also exposed to human capital risks, and risks arising from mental wellness concerns for employees due to issues related to health and safety matters, and other environmental stressors as a result of measures implemented in response to the
COVID-19
pandemic. Just as the Bank is subject to additional operational and compliance risks, including those listed above, its suppliers and other third parties upon which the Bank relies, have and may continue to be exposed to similar and other risks which could in turn impact the Bank’s operations.
The
COVID-19
pandemic has resulted in, and may continue to result in, disruptions to the way in which the Bank conducts business, including the closure of certain branches and stores, changes in the availability of products and services that customers can access
in-person,
work from home arrangements for certain or a significant portion of staff, as well as disruptions to key suppliers of the Bank’s goods and services. In addition, consumer behaviour has changed during the
COVID-19
pandemic (and may remain so changed even as economic conditions rebound and
COVID-19
restrictions are lifted), and it is unclear how the macroeconomic and business environment, societal and business norms, and fiscal, tax and regulatory policy may change after the pandemic. Such developments could have an adverse impact on the Bank’s business operations, the quality and continuity of services provided to customers, results of operations and financial condition, including making the Bank’s longer-term business, balance sheet and budget planning more difficult or costly. The Bank has experienced, and may continue to experience, increased or different competitive and other challenges. To the extent that the Bank is not able to adapt or compete effectively, it could experience loss of business and its results of operations and financial condition could suffer.
The Bank may be criticized or face increased risk of litigation and governmental and regulatory scrutiny, customer disputes, negative publicity, or exposure to litigation (including class actions, or regulatory and government actions and proceedings) as a result of the effects of the
COVID-19
pandemic on market and economic conditions, including as a result of the Bank’s participation (directly or on behalf of customers) in governmental assistance programs, the Bank’s deferral and other types of customer assistance programs, and the impact or effectiveness of the Bank’s health and safety measures on its customers and employees. The Bank has also received formal and informal inquiries from governmental and regulatory agencies regarding its participation in governmental assistance programs. These risks could increase the Bank’s operational, legal and compliance costs, expose it to financial judgments and fines, and damage its reputation.
The
COVID-19
pandemic has resulted in an increase, and may result in further increases, in certain of the risks outlined in the Risk Factors and Management section of this document, including the Bank’s top and emerging, strategic, credit, market, operational, model, insurance, liquidity, capital adequacy, legal, regulatory compliance and conduct, and reputational risks.
Executing on Long-Term Strategies, Shorter-Term Key Strategic Priorities, and Acquisitions
The Bank has a number of strategies and priorities, including those detailed in each segment’s “Business Segment Analysis” section of this document, which may include large scale strategic or regulatory initiatives that are at various stages of development or implementation. Examples include organic growth strategies, new acquisitions, integration of recently acquired businesses, projects to meet new regulatory requirements, new platforms and technology, and enhancements to existing technology. Risk can be elevated due to the size, scope, velocity, interdependency, and complexity of projects; the limited timeframes to complete the projects; and competing priorities for limited specialized resources.
The Bank regularly explores opportunities to acquire companies or businesses, directly or indirectly through the acquisition strategies of its subsidiaries. In respect of acquisitions, the Bank undertakes transaction assessments and due diligence before completing a merger or an acquisition and closely monitors integration activities and performance post acquisition. However, the Bank’s ability to successfully complete an acquisition is often subject to regulatory and other approvals, and the Bank cannot be certain when or if, or on what terms and conditions, any required approvals will be granted.
While there is significant management attention on the governance, oversight, methodology, tools, and resources needed to manage the Bank’s strategies and priorities, the Bank’s ability to execute on them is dependent on a number of assumptions and factors. These include those set out in the “Key Priorities for 2022”, “Focus for 2022”, “Operating Environment and Outlook”, and “Managing Risk” sections of this document, as well as disciplined resource and expense management
 
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and the Bank’s ability to implement (and the costs associated with the implementation of) enterprise-wide programs to comply with new or enhanced regulations or regulator demands, all of which may not be in the Bank’s control and are difficult to predict.
The Bank may not achieve its financial or strategic objectives, including anticipated cost savings or revenue synergies, following acquisition and integration activities. In addition, from time to time, the Bank may invest in companies without taking a controlling position in those companies, which may subject the Bank to the operating and financial risks of those companies’, the risk that these companies may make decisions that the Bank does not agree with, and the risk that the Bank may have differing objectives than the companies in which the Bank has interests.
As at October 31, 2021, the Bank’s reported investment in Schwab was 13.41% of the outstanding voting and
non-voting
common shares of Schwab, and the Bank is not permitted to own more than 9.9% voting common shares of Schwab. The value of the Bank’s investment in Schwab and its contribution to the Bank’s financial results are vulnerable to poor financial performance or other issues at Schwab affecting its business. In addition, the Bank relies on Schwab for its financial results that are included in the Bank’s financial statements. Although the Bank has director designation rights to the Schwab board of directors and certain other rights under the Stockholder Agreement with Schwab so long as it holds at least a 5% equity interest in Schwab (and currently has designated two directors to serve on the Schwab board), these rights may not mitigate the Bank’s exposure to poor financial performance or other issues at Schwab that may affect the Bank’s financial results.
If any of the Bank’s strategies, priorities, or acquisitions and integration activities are not successfully executed, or do not achieve their financial or strategic objectives, there may be an impact on the Bank’s operations and financial performance and the Bank’s earnings could grow more slowly or decline.
Technology and Cyber Security Risk
Technology and cyber security risks for large financial institutions like the Bank have increased in recent years. This is due, in part, to the proliferation, sophistication and constant evolution of new technologies and attack methodologies used by sociopolitical entities, organized criminals, malicious insiders, or service providers, nation states, hackers and other internal or external parties. The increased risks are also a factor of the Bank’s size and scale of operations, geographic footprint, the complexity of its technology infrastructure, and the Bank’s use of internet and telecommunications technologies to conduct financial transactions, such as its continued development of mobile and internet banking platforms as well as opportunistic threats by actors seeking to exploit the
COVID-19
pandemic via phishing campaigns and cyber espionage.
The Bank’s technologies, systems and networks, and those of the Bank’s customers (including their own devices) and third parties providing services to the Bank, continue to be subject to cyber-attacks, and may be subject to disruption of services, data security or other breaches (including loss or exposure of confidential information, including customer or employee information), identity theft and corporate espionage, or other compromises. While the Bank has not experienced a material service disruption, it has experienced a minimal number of limited service disruptions as a result of cyber-attacks in the past. The Bank’s use of third-party service providers, which are subject to these potential compromises, increases the Bank’s risk of potential attack, breach or disruption as the Bank has less immediate oversight and direct control over their technology infrastructure or information security.
Although the Bank has not experienced any material financial losses relating to technology failure, cyber-attacks or data security or other breaches, the Bank may experience material loss or damage in the future including from cyber-attacks such as targeted and automated online attacks on banking systems and applications, supply chain attacks, ransomware attacks, introduction of malicious software, denial of service attacks, malicious insider or service provider exfiltrating data and phishing attacks
any of which could result in the fraudulent use, disclosure or theft of data or customer or Bank funds. These may include attempts by employees, agents or third-party service providers of the Bank to access or disclose sensitive information or other data of the Bank, its customers or its employees. Attempts to illicitly or misleadingly induce employees, customers, third-party service providers or other users of the Bank’s systems will likely continue, in an effort to obtain sensitive information and gain access to the Bank’s or its customers’ or employees’ data or customer or Bank funds. In addition, the Bank’s customers often use their own devices, such as computers, smartphones, and tablets, which limits the Bank’s ability to mitigate certain risks introduced through these personal devices. The Bank may experience loss or damage arising from technology or cyber security threats.
The Bank regularly reviews external events and regularly assesses its controls and response capabilities to cyber-attacks or data security or other breaches, but these activities may not mitigate all risks, and the Bank may experience loss or damage arising from such attacks. Cyber and technology-related risks have become increasingly difficult to mitigate in totality mainly because the tactics, techniques, and procedures used change frequently and risks can originate from a wide variety of sources that have also become increasingly sophisticated. As a result, the industry and the Bank are susceptible to experiencing potential loss or damage from these attacks. The adoption of certain technologies, such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotics, and process automation call for continued focus and investment to manage the Bank’s risks effectively. It is possible that the Bank, or those with whom the Bank does business, have not anticipated or implemented, or may not anticipate or implement effective measures against all such cyber and technology-related risks, particularly because the tactics, techniques, and procedures used change frequently and risks can originate from a wide variety of sources that have also become increasingly sophisticated. Furthermore, cyber insurance providers are modifying their terms as a result of increased global cyber activity causing pricing uncertainty and coverage term changes across the industry. This has the potential to impact the Bank’s cyber insurance purchased to mitigate risk and may limit the amount of coverage available for financial losses. As such, with any cyber-attack, disruption of services, data, security or other breaches (including loss or exposure of confidential information), identity theft, corporate espionage or other compromise of technology or information systems, hardware or related processes, or any significant issues caused by weakness in information technology infrastructure and systems, the Bank may experience, among other things, financial loss; a loss of customers or business opportunities; disruption to operations; misappropriation or unauthorized release of confidential, financial or personal information; damage to computers or systems of the Bank and those of its customers and counterparties; violations of applicable privacy and other laws; litigation; regulatory penalties or intervention, remediation, investigation or restoration costs; increased costs to maintain and update the Bank’s operational and security systems and infrastructure; and reputational damage. If the Bank were to experience such an incident, it may take a significant amount of time and resources to investigate the incident to obtain full and reliable information necessary to assess the impact. The Bank’s owned and operated applications, processes, products, and services could be subject to failures or disruptions as a result of human error, natural disasters, utility disruptions, pandemics or other public health emergencies, malicious insiders, cyber-attacks or other criminal or terrorist acts, or
non-compliance
with regulations, which may impact the Bank’s operations. Such adverse effects could limit the Bank’s ability to deliver products and services to customers, and/or damage the Bank’s reputation, which in turn could lead to disruptions to its businesses and financial loss.
 
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Model Risk
The pandemic and the associated governmental assistance program have introduced a heightened level of uncertainty in models and impacted model reliability across various business areas. Models impacted by the low interest rate environment were redeveloped. Additionally, appropriate short- and long-term mitigants were identified and executed to improve resilience of models trained on historical data that may become less relevant under the current environment (e.g., IFRS 9 and stress testing models). New model limitations could emerge post-pandemic, and management will continue to reassess whether the identified
COVID-19
related limitations remain relevant and the corresponding mitigants remain appropriate, although such reassessments may not adequately or successfully improve the resilience of such models.
Fraud Activity
Fraud risk is the risk associated with acts designed to deceive others, resulting in loss and/or harm to shareholder value, brand, reputation, employee satisfaction and customers. Fraud Risk arises from numerous sources, including potential or existing customers, agents, third parties, contractors, employees and other internal or external parties, including service providers to the Bank’s customers that store bank account credentials and harvest data based on customers’ web banking information and activities. In deciding whether to extend credit or enter into other transactions with customers or counterparties, the Bank may rely on information furnished by or on behalf of such customers, counterparties or other external parties, including financial statements and financial information and authentication information. The Bank may also rely on the representations of customers, counterparties, and other external parties as to the accuracy and completeness of such information. In order to authenticate customers, whether through the Bank’s phone or digital channels or in its branches and stores, the Bank may also rely on certain authentication methods which could be subject to fraud. The Bank has seen an increase in more complex fraud, including cyber fraud and ongoing
COVID-19
related fraud schemes. The Bank has seen an increase in the threat environment emanating from the
COVID-19
pandemic against both customers and the Bank. Despite the Bank’s investments in fraud prevention and detection programs, capabilities, measures and defences, they have not, and in the future may not successfully mitigate against all fraudulent activity which could result in financial loss or disruptions in the Bank’s businesses. In addition to the risk of material loss (financial loss, misappropriation of confidential information or other assets of the Bank or its customers and counterparties) that could result from fraudulent activity, the Bank could face legal action and customer and market confidence in the Bank could be impacted.
Third-Party Service Providers
The Bank recognizes the value of using third parties to support its businesses, as they provide access to leading applications, processes, products and services, specialized expertise, innovation, economies of scale, and operational efficiencies. However, they may also create reliance upon the provider with respect to continuity, reliability, and security, and their associated processes, people and facilities. As the financial services industry and its supply chain become more complex, the need for robust, holistic, and sophisticated controls and ongoing oversight increases.
The Bank also recognizes that the applications, processes, products, and services of its providers could be subject to failures or disruptions as a result of human error, natural disasters, utility disruptions, pandemics or other public health emergencies, malicious insiders, cyber-attacks or other criminal or terrorist acts, or
non-compliance
with regulations, which could in turn impact the Bank’s operations. Such adverse effects could limit the Bank’s ability to deliver products and services to customers, and/or damage the Bank’s reputation, which in turn could lead to disruptions to its businesses and financial loss.
Introduction of New and Changes to Current Laws and Regulations
The financial services industry is highly regulated. TD’s operations, profitability and reputation could be adversely affected by the introduction of new laws and regulations, changes to, or changes in interpretation or application of current laws and regulations, issuance of judicial decisions, and changes in enforcement pace or activities. These adverse effects could also result from the fiscal, economic, and monetary policies of various central banks, regulatory agencies and governments in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and other countries, and changes in the interpretation or implementation of those policies. Such adverse effects may include incurring additional costs and resources to address initial and ongoing compliance; limiting the types or nature of products and services the Bank can provide and fees it can charge; unfavourably impacting the pricing and delivery of products and services the Bank provides; increasing the ability of new and existing competitors to compete on the basis of pricing, products and services (including, in jurisdictions outside Canada, the favouring of certain domestic institutions); and increasing risks associated with potential
non-compliance.
In addition to the adverse impacts described above, the Bank’s failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could result in sanctions, financial penalties, and changes including restrictions on offering certain products or services or on operating in certain jurisdictions, that could adversely impact its earnings, operations, and damage its reputation.
The global anti-money laundering and economic sanctions landscape continues to experience regulatory change, with significant, complex new laws and regulations that have, or are anticipated to, come into force in the short and medium-term in many of the jurisdictions in which the Bank operates.
The global data and privacy landscape is dynamic and regulatory expectations continue to evolve. New and amended legislation is anticipated in various jurisdictions in which the Bank does business.
Canadian, U.S. and global regulators have been increasingly focused on conduct and operational resilience matters and risks, and heightened expectations generally from regulators could lead to investigations, remediation requirements, and higher compliance costs. While the Bank takes numerous steps to continue to strengthen its conduct programs and its operational resilience, and prevent and detect outcomes which could potentially harm customers, colleagues or the integrity of the markets, such outcomes may not always be prevented or detected.
Local, national and international regulators have increased their focus on environmental, social and governance (ESG) matters, including the impact of climate change and financial and economic inclusion, with significant new and amendments to existing legislation anticipated in some of the jurisdictions in which the Bank does business.
In addition, there may be changes in interpretation or application of current laws and regulations to incorporate environmental, social and governance matters in ways that were not previously anticipated.
Despite the Bank’s monitoring and evaluation of the potential impact of rules, proposals, consent orders and regulatory guidance, governments and regulators around the world may introduce, and the issuance of judicial decisions may result in, unanticipated new regulations that are applicable to the Bank.
Canada
The Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) has proposed regulations relating to
over-the-counter
derivatives reform. The Bank is monitoring this regulatory initiative which, if implemented, could result in increased compliance costs, and compliance with these standards may impact the Bank’s businesses, operations and results.
 
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The CSA also introduced regulatory reforms to enhance the client-registrant relationship, referred to as Client Focused Reforms. Enhanced requirements under the Client Focused Reforms create a higher standard of conduct across all categories of registered dealers and advisors. This will result in new training, operational and systems costs, as well as changes in the types of products and services that are offered through the Bank’s registered affiliates.
In Canada, there are a number of government initiatives underway that could impact financial institutions, including regulatory initiatives with respect to payments evolution and modernization, open banking, consumer protection, protection of customer data, dealing with vulnerable persons, and anti-money laundering. In particular, new legislation related to consumer protection in the banking industry will come into effect in June 2022, and the Bank continues to work towards being compliant by the effective date.
The Government of Canada’s
bail-in
regime, which became effective in September 2018, was implemented through regulations published under the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation Act (the “CDIC Act”) and the Bank Act, providing the final details of conversion and issuance regimes for
bail-in
instruments issued by
D-SIBs
including the Bank (collectively, the
Bail-in
Regulations). Further amendments were introduced to the CDIC Act in 2021 through Bill
C-30
that would support and clarify the scope of the cross-border enforceability of the stay provisions applicable to eligible financial contracts as well as clarify how investors, creditors and other participants may be compensated as a result of actions taken by financial sector authorities to sell, wind-down or restore to viability a failing bank, among other things. The
bail-in
regime could adversely affect the Bank’s cost of funding.
United States
The 2018 U.S.
Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act
(Reform Act) included modifications to aspects of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank), including stress testing. In addition, the applicable U.S. Federal regulatory agencies have adopted regulatory amendments to some of these requirements. In October 2019, the Federal Reserve issued a final rule that implemented the Reform Act’s changes to the application of enhanced prudential standards with respect to U.S. and
non-U.S.
banking organizations (the “Tailoring Rule”) based on the risk profile of the organization. The Bank has incurred, and will continue to incur, operational, capital, liquidity, and compliance costs resulting from these standards. In addition, as a result of the Bank’s designation as a
G-SIB
by the Financial Stability Board, the Bank’s U.S. operations will be subject to certain additional long-term debt and “total loss-absorbing capacity” capital requirements, effective in 2023.
The current U.S. regulatory environment for banking organizations may be further impacted by additional legislative or regulatory developments, including resulting from changes in U.S. executive administration, congressional leadership and/or agency leadership, and regulators focusing on potential racial discrimination and economic inequity, including fair lending. The ultimate consequences of these developments and their impact on the Bank remain uncertain and it remains unclear whether any other legislative or regulatory proposals relating to these requirements will be enacted or adopted.
Europe
In Europe, there remains a number of uncertainties in connection with the future of the United Kingdom – European Union relationship, and reforms implemented through the European Market Infrastructure Regulation and the review of Markets in Financial Instruments Directive and accompanying Regulation could result in higher operational and system costs and potential changes in the types of products and services the Bank can offer to customers in the region.
Regulatory Oversight and Compliance Risk
The Bank and its businesses are subject to extensive regulation and oversight by a number of different regulators and self-regulatory organizations around the world. Regulatory change and changes in regulator expectations occur in all jurisdictions in which the Bank operates. Governments and regulators around the world have demonstrated an increased focus on conduct risk, consumer protection, data control, use and security, capital and liquidity management, internal control frameworks, and money laundering and terrorist financing risks and threats. There is heightened scrutiny by regulators globally on the impact of
COVID-19
on customers as well as the Bank’s operations and its management and oversight of risks associated with the pandemic.
The Bank monitors and evaluates the potential impact of applicable regulatory developments (including enacted and proposed rules, standards, and regulatory guidance). However, while the Bank devotes substantial compliance, legal, and operational business resources to facilitate compliance with these developments by their respective effective dates, and also to the consideration of other governmental and regulator expectations, it is possible that: (i) the Bank may not be able to accurately predict the impact of final rules implementing such developments, the interpretation or enforcement actions taken by governments, regulators and courts regarding such rules, (ii) the Bank may not be able to develop or enhance the platforms, technology, or operational procedures and frameworks necessary to comply with, or adapt to, such rules or expectations in advance of their effective dates, or (iii) regulators and other parties could challenge the Bank’s compliance. This could require the Bank to take further actions or incur more costs than expected and may expose the Bank to enforcement and reputational risk. Regulatory change will continue to increase the Bank’s compliance and operational risks and costs. In addition, if governments or regulators take formal enforcement action against the Bank, the Bank’s operations, business strategies and product and service offerings may be adversely impacted, therefore impacting financial results.
Also, it may be determined that the Bank has not adequately, completely or timely addressed regulatory developments or enforcement actions to which it is subject, in a manner which meets governmental or regulator expectations. The Bank has been subject to regulatory enforcement proceedings and has entered into settlement arrangements with regulators and self-regulatory organizations, and the Bank may continue to face a greater number or wider scope of investigations, enforcement actions, and litigation. In addition, public notifications of enforcement actions are becoming more prevalent which could negatively impact the Bank’s reputation.
The Bank may incur greater than expected costs associated with enhancing its compliance, or may incur fines, penalties or judgments not in its favour associated with
non-compliance,
all of which could also lead to negative impacts on the Bank’s financial performance, operational changes including restrictions on offering certain products or services or on operating in certain jurisdictions, and its reputation.
Level of Competition, Shifts in Consumer Attitudes, and Disruptive Technology
The Bank operates in a highly competitive industry and its performance is impacted by the level of competition. Customer retention and acquisition can be influenced by many factors, including the Bank’s reputation as well as the pricing, market differentiation, and overall customer experience of the Bank’s products and services.
Enhanced competition from incumbents and new entrants may impact the Bank’s pricing of products and services and may cause it to lose revenue and/or market share. Increased competition requires the Bank to make additional short and long-term investments to remain competitive and continue delivering differentiated value to its customers, which may increase expenses. In addition, the Bank operates in environments where laws and regulations that apply to it may not universally apply to its current and emerging competitors, which could include the domestic institutions in jurisdictions outside of Canada or the U.S., or
non-
 
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traditional providers (such as Fintech or big technology competitors) of financial products and services.
Non-depository
or
non-financial
institutions are often able to offer products and services that were traditionally banking products and compete with banks in offering digital financial solutions (primarily mobile or
web-based
services), without facing the same regulatory requirements or oversight. These competitors may also operate at much lower costs relative to revenue or balances than traditional banks. These third parties can seek to acquire customer relationships, react quickly to changes in consumer attitudes, and disintermediate customers from their primary financial institution, which can also increase fraud and privacy risks for customers and financial institutions in general. The nature of disruption is such that it can be difficult to anticipate and/or respond to adequately or quickly, representing inherent risks to certain Bank businesses, including payments. As such, this type of competition could also adversely impact the Bank’s earnings.
The Bank is advancing its artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities, to help further inform the Bank’s business decisions and risk management practices as well as improve customer experiences and efficiency of business operations. AI may not appropriately or sufficiently replicate certain outcomes or accurately predict future events or exposures.
The Bank is also looking at emerging trends, some accelerated by the disruption caused by the
COVID-19
pandemic, that may disrupt traditional interfaces, interaction preferences, or customer expectations. The Bank considers various options to accelerate innovation, including making strategic investments in innovative companies, exploring partnership opportunities, and experimenting with new technologies and concepts internally, but these investments and activities may not be successful. Legislative or regulatory action relating to such new technologies could emerge and continue to evolve, potentially increasing compliance costs and risks.
Environmental and Social Risk (including Climate Change)
As a financial institution, TD is subject to environmental risk and social risk. Environmental risk is the risk of financial loss or reputational damage resulting from environmental factors, including climate change and other environmental degradation (e.g., pollution, resource scarcity, contamination, biodiversity loss and deforestation).
Social risk is the risk of loss, harm, or reputational damage resulting from social issues such as financing relationships with socially sensitive sectors, human rights issues (e.g., discrimination including racial inequality, modern slavery, access to banking, Indigenous Peoples’ rights), and perceptions of our customers, employees, investors and other stakeholders. Organizations, including TD, are under increasing scrutiny to address social and financial inequalities among racialized and other marginalized groups.
Climate risk is the risk of financial loss or reputational damage from materialized credit, market, operational or other risks resulting from the physical and transition risks of climate change to the Bank, its customers or the communities the Bank operates in. This includes physical risks related to the impacts of a changing climate, including changes in frequency or severity of extreme weather events, rising sea levels and temperatures, and transition risks related to impacts associated with legal, regulatory, technological or behavioural changes resulting from the transition to a lower-carbon economy.
The Bank has joined industry and governmental working groups and committees focused on developing or enhancing ESG performance and sustainable finance, and has aligned itself with certain
ESG-focused
initiatives. Among others, in 2020, TD announced its global Climate Action Plan, which includes a target to achieve
net-zero
GHG emissions associated with its operations and financing activities by 2050, aligned to the objectives of the Paris Agreement. In October 2021, the Bank pledged to join the Net-Zero Banking Alliance, a global, industry-led initiative to accelerate and support efforts to address climate change. The Bank also announced a prohibition on providing new project-specific financial services for activities that are directly related to the exploration, development or production of oil and gas within the Arctic Circle. TD supports the Financial Stability Board’s Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) recommendations and has implemented new tools at both the borrower and transaction levels to enhance the Bank’s assessment of environmental and social risks, including climate change. TD is also participating in industry-wide working groups relating to the development of methodologies and approaches for climate scenario analysis.
Environmental and social risks may have financial implications for both the Bank and its stakeholders (i.e., customers, suppliers, shareholders). Strategic, reputational, business, legal and regulatory risks could arise from the Bank’s actual or perceived actions, or inaction, in relation to climate change and other environmental and social risk issues, progress against its environmental or social commitments, or our disclosures on these matters. These risks could also result from environmental and social matters impacting our stakeholders. TD’s participation in ESG memberships or commitments may further bolster these risks, and subject the Bank to increased scrutiny from its stakeholders. Furthermore, the Bank may be subject to liability risk as a result of regulatory orders and/or fines, enforcement of securities disclosure and financial supervisory capital adequacy requirements, and legal action by shareholders and other stakeholders.
OTHER RISK FACTORS
Legal Proceedings
The Bank and its subsidiaries are from time to time named as defendants or are otherwise involved in various class actions and other litigation or disputes with third parties, including regulatory investigations and enforcement proceedings, related to its businesses and operations. The Bank manages the risks associated with these proceedings through a litigation management function. The volume of claims and the amount of damages and penalties claimed in litigation, arbitration and regulatory proceedings may increase in the future. Actions currently pending against the Bank may result in judgments, settlements, fines, penalties, disgorgements, injunctions, business improvement orders, limitations or prohibitions from engaging in business activities, or other results adverse to the Bank, which could materially affect the Bank’s business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, capital and credit ratings; require material changes in the Bank’s operations; result in loss of customers; or cause serious reputational harm to the Bank, which could also affect the Bank’s future business prospects. Moreover, some claims asserted against the Bank may be highly complex and include novel or untested legal theories. The outcome of such proceedings may be difficult to predict or estimate, in some instances, until late in the proceedings, which may last several years. In addition, settlement or other resolution of certain types of matters are often subject to external approval, which may or may not be granted. Although the Bank establishes reserves for these matters according to accounting requirements, the amount of loss ultimately incurred in relation to those matters may substantially differ from the amounts accrued. As a participant in the financial services industry, the Bank will likely continue to experience the possibility of significant litigation and regulatory investigations and enforcement proceedings related to its businesses and operations. Regulators and other government agencies examine the operations of the Bank and its subsidiaries on both a routine- and targeted-exam basis, and they may pursue regulatory settlements or other enforcement actions against the Bank in the future. For additional information relating to the Bank’s material legal proceedings, refer to Note 27 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements.
Ability to Attract, Develop, and Retain Key Talent
The Bank’s future performance is dependent on the availability of qualified talent and the Bank’s ability to attract, develop, and retain key talent. The Bank’s management understands that the competition for talent continues to increase across geographies, industries, and emerging capabilities across a number of sectors including financial services. This competition has intensified and is expected to continue to intensify as a result of the impact of
COVID-19,
including as a result of remote work opportunities and relaxing geographic boundaries. Annually, the Bank undertakes a talent review process to assess critical capability
 
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requirements for all areas of the business. Through this process, an assessment of current executive leadership, technical and core capabilities, as well as talent development opportunities is completed against both near term and future business needs. The outcomes from the process inform plans at both the enterprise and business level to retain, develop, or acquire the talent which are then actioned throughout the course of the year. Although it is the goal of the Bank’s management resource policies and practices to attract, develop, and retain key talent employed by the Bank or an entity acquired by the Bank, the Bank may not be able to do so. The Bank continues to rely on the Bank’s annual talent review program as well as the Bank’s regular, effective management practices to proactively assess and address retention and recruitment risk and emphasize
on-going
communication with talent to ensure appropriate responses on a
case-by-case
basis.
Foreign Exchange Rates, Interest Rates, Credit Spreads, and Equity Prices
Foreign exchange rate, interest rate, credit spread, and equity price movements in Canada, the United States, and other jurisdictions in which the Bank does business impact the Bank’s financial position and its future earnings. Changes in the value of the Canadian dollar relative to the global foreign exchange rates may also affect the earnings of the Bank’s small business, commercial, and corporate customers. A change in the level of interest rates, negative interest rates or a prolonged low interest rate environment affects the interest spread between the Bank’s deposits and other liabilities, and loans, and as a result, impacts the Bank’s net interest income. A change in the level of credit spreads affects the relative valuation of assets and liabilities, and as a result, impacts the Bank’s earnings. A change in equity prices impacts the Bank’s financial position and its future earnings, due to unhedged positions the Bank holds in tradeable equity securities. The Framework and policies manage the Bank’s risk appetite for known market risk.
Interbank Offered Rate (IBOR) Transition
Various interest rates and other indices that are deemed to be “benchmarks” (including IBOR benchmarks) have been, and continue to be, the subject of international regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. As a result of the global benchmark reform initiative, efforts to transition away from IBORs to alternative reference rates (“ARR”) have been continuing in various jurisdictions. The transition from IBORs to ARRs may result in market dislocation and have other adverse consequences to the Bank, its customers, market participants, and the financial services industry.
The Bank has significant contractual rights, obligations and exposures referenced to IBOR benchmarks as such discontinuance of, or changes to, benchmark rates could adversely affect the Bank’s business and results of operations. The Bank has established an enterprise-wide, cross functional initiative with senior management and Board oversight to evaluate and monitor the impact of the market, financial, operational, legal, technology and other risks on its products, services, systems, models, documents, processes, and risk management frameworks with the intention of managing the impact through appropriate mitigating actions. The Bank continues to monitor industry and regulatory developments regarding the orderly wind-down of LIBOR and is incorporating global working group and regulator best practice guidance on transition activities.
In addition to operational challenges, market risks also arise because the new reference rates are likely to differ from the prior benchmark rates resulting in differences in the calculation of the applicable interest rate or payment amount. This could result in different financial performance for previously booked transactions, require alternative hedging strategies, or affect the Bank’s capital and liquidity planning and management. Additionally, any adverse impacts on the value of and return on existing instruments and contracts for the Bank’s clients may present an increased risk of litigation, regulatory intervention, and possible reputational damage.
Accounting Policies and Methods Used by the Bank
The Bank’s accounting policies and estimates are essential to understanding its results of operations and financial condition. Some of the Bank’s policies require subjective, complex judgments and estimates as they relate to matters that are inherently uncertain. Changes in these judgments or estimates and changes to accounting standards and policies could have a materially adverse impact on the Bank’s Consolidated Financial Statements, and its reputation. The Bank has established procedures designed to ensure that accounting policies are applied consistently and that the processes for changing methodologies, determining estimates and adopting new accounting standards are controlled and occur in an appropriate and systematic manner. Significant accounting policies as well as current and future changes in accounting policies are described in Note 2 and Note 4, respectively, and significant accounting judgments, estimates, and assumptions are described in Note 3 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
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RISK FACTORS AND MANAGEMENT
Managing Risk
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Growing profitability in financial results based on balanced revenue, expenses and capital growth services involves selectively taking and managing risks within the Bank’s risk appetite. The Bank’s goal is to earn a stable and sustainable rate of return for every dollar of risk it takes, while putting significant emphasis on investing in its businesses to meet its strategic objectives.
The Bank’s Enterprise Risk Framework (ERF) reinforces the Bank’s risk culture, which emphasizes transparency and accountability, and supports a common understanding among stakeholders of how the Bank manages risk. The ERF addresses: (1) determining the risks arising from the Bank’s strategy and operations; (2) how the Bank defines the types of risk to which it is exposed; (3) risk management governance and organization; and (4) how the Bank manages risk through processes that identify and assess, measure, control, monitor and report risk. The Bank’s risk management resources and processes are designed to both challenge and enable all its businesses to understand the risks they face and to manage them within the Bank’s risk appetite.
RISKS INVOLVED IN TD’S BUSINESSES
The Bank’s Risk Inventory sets out the Bank’s major risk categories and related subcategories to which the Bank’s businesses and operations could be exposed. The Risk Inventory facilitates consistent risk identification and is the starting point in developing risk management strategies and processes. The Bank’s major risk categories are: Strategic Risk; Credit Risk; Market Risk; Operational Risk; Model Risk; Insurance Risk; Liquidity Risk; Capital Adequacy Risk; Legal, Regulatory Compliance and Conduct Risk; and Reputational Risk.
 
RISK APPETITE
The Bank’s RAS is the primary means used to communicate how the Bank views risk and determines the type and amount of risk it is willing to take to deliver on its strategy and enhance shareholder value. In defining its risk appetite, the Bank takes into account its vision, purpose, strategy, shared commitments, and capacity to bear risk under both normal and recessionary conditions. The core risk principles for the Bank’s RAS are as follows:
The Bank takes risks required to build its business, but only if those risks:
1.
Fit the business strategy, and can be understood and managed.
2.
Do not expose the enterprise to any significant single loss events; TD does not ‘bet the Bank’ on any single acquisition, business, or product.
3.
Do not risk harming the TD brand.
The Bank’s Risk Appetite Governance Framework describes the assumptions, responsibilities, and processes established to define, maintain, and govern TD’s risk appetite. The Bank considers current operating conditions and the impact of emerging risks in developing and applying its risk appetite. Adherence to enterprise risk appetite is managed and monitored across the Bank and is informed by the RAS and a broad collection of principles, policies, processes, and tools.
The Bank’s RAS describes, by major risk category, the Bank’s risk principles and establishes both qualitative and quantitative measures, thresholds, and limits, as appropriate. RAS measures consider both normal and stress scenarios and include those that can be aggregated at the enterprise level and disaggregated at the business segment level.
Risk Management is responsible for establishing practices and processes to formulate, monitor, and report on the Bank’s RAS measures. The Risk Management function also monitors and evaluates the effectiveness of these practices and processes, as well as the RAS measures. Compliance with RAS principles and measures is reported regularly to senior management, the Board, and the Risk Committee; other measures are tracked on an ongoing basis by management, and escalated to senior management and the Board, as required. Risk Management regularly assesses management’s performance against the Bank’s RAS measures.
RISK CULTURE
Risk culture is one of the attributes that is integral to TD’s overall organizational culture. It forms part of and is guided by the TD Culture Framework. The central oversight for culture at TD is led by Human Resources (HR) in partnership with Risk Management and Global Compliance. The Risk Committee engages with the Chief Risk Officer (CRO) who leads a diverse team of risk professionals to drive a proactive risk culture.
The Bank’s risk culture starts with the “tone at the top” set by the Board, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), and the Senior Executive Team (SET), and is supported by the Bank’s vision, purpose, and shared commitments. These governing objectives describe the behaviours that the Bank seeks to foster, among its employees, in building a culture where the only risks taken are those that can be understood and managed. The Bank’s risk culture embraces accountability, learning from past experiences, and encourages open communication and transparency on all aspects of risk taking. The Bank’s employees are encouraged to challenge and escalate when they believe the Bank is operating outside of its risk appetite.
Ethical behaviour is a key component of the Bank’s risk culture. The Bank’s Code of Conduct and Ethics guides employees and Directors to make decisions that meet the highest standards of integrity, professionalism, and ethical behaviour. Every Bank employee and Director is expected and required to assess business decisions and actions on behalf of the organization in light of whether it is right, legal, and fair. The Bank’s desired risk culture is reinforced by linking compensation to management’s performance against the Bank’s Risk Appetite and shared behaviours. Performance against risk appetite is a key consideration in determining compensation for executives, including adjustments to incentive awards both at the time of award and again at maturity for deferred compensation. An
 
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annual consolidated assessment of management’s performance against the RAS is prepared by Risk Management, reviewed by the Risk Committee, and is used by the HR Committee as a key input into compensation decisions. All executives are individually assessed against objectives that include consideration of risk and control behaviours. This comprehensive approach allows the Bank to consider whether the actions of executive management resulted in risk and control events within their area of responsibility.
In addition, governance, risk, and oversight functions operate independently from business segments supported by an organizational structure that provides objective oversight and independent challenge. Governance, risk, and oversight function heads, including the CRO, have unfettered access to respective Board committees to raise risk, compliance, and other issues. Lastly, awareness and communication of the Bank’s RAS and the ERF take place across the organization through enterprise risk communication programs, employee orientation and training, and participation in internal risk management conferences. These activities further strengthen the Bank’s risk culture by increasing the knowledge and understanding of the Bank’s expectations for risk taking.
WHO MANAGES RISK
The Bank’s risk governance structure emphasizes and balances independent oversight with clear ownership for risk control within each business segment. Under the Bank’s approach to risk governance, a “three lines of defence” model is employed, in which the first line of defence is the risk owner, the second line provides risk oversight, and the third line is internal audit.
The Bank’s risk governance model includes a senior management committee structure that is designed to support transparent risk reporting and discussions. The Bank’s overall risk and control oversight is provided by the Board and its committees. The CEO and SET determine the Bank’s long-term direction which is then carried out by business segments within the Bank’s risk appetite. Risk Management, headed by the Group Head and CRO, sets enterprise risk strategy and policy and provides independent oversight to support a comprehensive and proactive risk management approach. The CRO, who is also a member of the SET, has unfettered access to the Risk Committee.
The Bank has a subsidiary governance framework to support its overall risk governance structure, including boards of directors, and committees for various subsidiary entities where appropriate. Within the U.S. Retail business segment, risk and control oversight is provided by a separate and distinct Board of Directors which includes a fully independent Board Risk Committee and Board Audit Committee. The U.S. Chief Risk Officer (U.S. CRO) has unfettered access to the Board Risk Committee.
The following section provides an overview of the key roles and responsibilities involved in risk management. The Bank’s risk governance structure is illustrated in the following figure.
RISK GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE
 
The Board of Directors
The Board oversees the Bank’s strategic direction, the implementation of an effective risk culture, and the internal control framework across the enterprise. It accomplishes its risk management mandate both directly and indirectly through its four committees, the Audit, Risk, Corporate Governance, and HR committees. The Board reviews and approves the Bank’s RAS and related measures annually, and monitors the Bank’s risk profile and performance against risk appetite measures.
The Audit Committee
The Audit Committee oversees financial reporting, the adequacy and effectiveness of internal controls, including internal controls over financial reporting, and the activities of the Bank’s Global Anti-Money Laundering (GAML) group, Compliance group, and Internal Audit.
 
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The Risk Committee
The Risk Committee is responsible for reviewing and recommending TD’s RAS for approval by the Board annually. The Risk Committee oversees the management of TD’s risk profile and performance against its risk appetite. In support of this oversight, the committee reviews and approves certain enterprise-wide risk management frameworks and policies that support compliance with TD’s risk appetite, and monitors the management of risks and risk trends.
The Human Resources Committee
The HR Committee is responsible for overseeing the management of the Bank’s culture. In addition to its other responsibilities, it satisfies itself that HR risks are appropriately identified, assessed, and managed in a manner consistent with the risk programs within the Bank, and with the sustainable achievement of the Bank’s business objectives.
The Corporate Governance Committee
The Corporate Governance Committee, in addition to its other responsibilities, develops, and where appropriate, recommends to the Board for approval corporate governance principles, including a code of conduct and ethics, aimed at fostering a healthy governance culture at the Bank, and also acts as the conduct review committee for the Bank, including providing oversight of conduct risk. The committee also has oversight of the Bank’s alignment with its purpose and its strategy, performance and reporting on corporate responsibility for environmental and social matters.
Chief Executive Officer and Senior Executive Team
The CEO and the SET develop and recommend to the Board the Bank’s long-term strategic direction and also develop and recommend for Board approval TD’s risk appetite. The SET members set the “tone at the top” and manage risk in accordance with the Bank’s risk appetite while considering the impact of emerging risks on the Bank’s strategy and risk profile. This accountability includes identifying and reporting significant risks to the Risk Committee.
Executive Committees
The CEO, in consultation with the CRO determines the Bank’s executive committees, which are chaired by SET members. The committees meet regularly to oversee governance, risk, and control activities and to review and monitor risk strategies and associated risk activities and practices.
The Enterprise Risk Management Committee (ERMC), chaired by the CEO, oversees the management of major enterprise governance, risk, and control activities and promotes an integrated and effective risk management culture. The following executive committees have been established to manage specific major risks based on the nature of the risk and related business activity:
•
 
ALCO – chaired by the SET member responsible for Treasury and Balance Sheet Management (TBSM), the Asset/Liability and Capital Committee (ALCO) oversees directly and through its standing subcommittees (the Enterprise Capital Committee (ECC) and Global Liquidity and Funding Forum (GLF)), the management of the Bank’s consolidated
non-trading
market risk and each of its consolidated liquidity, funding, investments, and capital positions.
•
 
OROC – chaired by the Group Head and CRO, the Operational Risk Oversight Committee (OROC) oversees the identification, monitoring, and control of key risks within the Bank’s operational risk profile.
•
 
Disclosure Committee – chaired by the CFO, the Disclosure Committee oversees that appropriate controls and procedures are in place and operating to permit timely, accurate, balanced, and compliant disclosure to regulators with respect to public disclosure, shareholders, and the market.
•
 
ERRC – chaired by the Group Head and CRO, the Enterprise Reputational Risk Committee (ERRC) oversees the management of reputational risk within the Bank’s risk appetite, and also provides a forum for discussion, review, and escalation for
non-traditional
risks.
Risk Management
The Risk Management function, headed by the CRO, provides independent oversight of enterprise-wide risk management, risk governance, and control including the setting of risk strategy and policy to manage risk in alignment with the Bank’s risk appetite and business strategy. Risk Management’s primary objective is to support a comprehensive and proactive approach to risk management that promotes a strong risk culture. Risk Management works with the business segments and other corporate oversight functions to establish policies, standards, and limits that align with the Bank’s risk appetite and monitors and reports on existing and emerging risks and compliance with the Bank’s risk appetite. The CRO leads and directs a diverse team of risk management professionals organized to oversee risks arising from each of the Bank’s major risk categories. There is an established process in place for the identification and assessment of top and emerging risks. In addition, the Bank has clear procedures governing when and how risk events and issues are brought to the attention of senior management and the Risk Committee.
Business Segments
Each business segment has a dedicated risk management function that reports directly to a senior risk executive who, in turn, reports to the CRO. This structure supports an appropriate level of independent oversight while emphasizing accountability for risk within the business segment. Business management is responsible for setting the business-level risk appetite and measures, which are reviewed and challenged by Risk Management, endorsed by the ERMC, and approved by the CEO, to align with the Bank’s risk appetite and manage risk within approved risk limits.
Internal Audit
The Bank’s Internal Audit function provides independent and objective assurance to the Board regarding the reliability and effectiveness of key elements of the Bank’s risk management, internal control, and governance processes.
Compliance
The Compliance Department is responsible for fostering a culture of int
e
grity, ethics, and compliance throughout the Bank; delivering independent regulatory compliance and conduct risk management and oversight throughout the Bank; and, providing reliable and objective guidance and reporting to senior leadership and the Board on the state of regulatory compliance and conduct risk, based on independent monitoring and testing conducted and advising whether the Regulatory Compliance Management controls are sufficiently robust to achieve compliance with applicable regulatory requirements enterprise-wide.
Global Anti-Money Laundering
The GAML Department is responsible for regulatory compliance with Anti-Money Laundering (AML), Anti-Terrorist Financing, Economic Sanctions, and anti-bribery/anti-corruption regulatory compliance and broader prudential risk management across the Bank in alignment with enterprise AML policies so that the money laundering, terrorist financing, economic sanctions, and bribery and corruption risks are appropriately identified and mitigated.
 
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Three Lines of Defence
In order to further the understanding of responsibilities for risk management, the Bank employs the following “three lines of defence” model that describes the respective accountabilities of each line of defence in managing risk across the Bank.
 
THREE LINES OF DEFENCE
FIRST LINE
  
RISK OWNER
IDENTIFY AND
CONTROL
  
• Own, identify, manage, measure, and monitor current and emerging risks in
day-to-day
activities, operations, products, and services.
• Design, implement, and maintain appropriate mitigating controls, and assess the design and operating effectiveness of those controls.
• Assess activities to maintain compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
• Monitor and report on risk profile so that activities are within TD’s risk appetite and policies.
• Implement risk-based approval processes for all new products, activities, processes, and systems.
• Escalate risk issues and develop and implement action plans in a timely manner.
• Deliver training, tools, and advice to support its accountabilities.
• Promote a strong risk management culture.
SECOND LINE
  
RISK OVERSIGHT
SET STANDARDS AND CHALLENGE    
  
• Establish and communicate enterprise governance, risk, and control strategies, frameworks, and policies.
• Provide oversight and independent challenge to the first line through an effective objective assessment, that is evidenced and documented where material, including:
–  Challenge the quality and sufficiency of the first line’s risk activities;
–  Identify and assess current and emerging risks and controls, using a risk-based approach, as appropriate;
–  Monitor the adequacy and effectiveness of internal control activities;
–  Review and discuss assumptions, material risk decisions and outcomes;
–  Aggregate and share results across business lines and control areas to identify similar events, patterns, or broad trends;
–  Identify and assess, and communicate relevant regulatory changes;
–  Develop and implement risk measurement tools so that activities are within TD’s RAS;
–  Monitor and report on compliance with TD’s RAS and policies; and
–  Escalate risk issues in a timely manner.
• Report on the risks of the Bank on an enterprise-wide and disaggregated level to the Board and/or senior management, independently of the business lines or operational management.
• Provide training, tools, and advice to support the first line in carrying out its accountabilities.
• Promote a strong risk management culture.
THIRD LINE
  
INTERNAL AUDIT
INDEPENDENT ASSURANCE
  
• Verify independently that TD’s ERF is designed and operating effectively.
• Validate the effectiveness of the first and second lines in fulfilling their mandates and managing risk.
In support of a strong risk culture, the Bank applies the following principles in governing how it manages risk:
Enterprise-Wide in Scope
– Risk Management will span all areas of the Bank, including third-party alliances and joint venture undertakings to the extent they may impact the Bank, and all boundaries both geographic and regulatory.
Transparent and Effective Communication
– Matters relating to risk will be communicated and escalated in a timely, accurate, and forthright manner.
Enhanced Accountability
– Risks will be explicitly owned, understood, and actively managed by business management and all employees, individually and collectively.
Independent Oversight
– Risk policies, monitoring, and reporting will be established and conducted independently and objectively.
Integrated Risk and Control Culture
– Risk Management disciplines will be integrated into the Bank’s daily routines, decision-making, and strategy formulation.
Strategic Balance
– Risk will be managed to an acceptable level of exposure, recognizing the need to protect and grow shareholder value.
APPROACH TO RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESSES
The Bank’s comprehensive and proactive approach to risk management is comprised of four processes: risk identification and assessment, measurement, control, and monitoring and reporting.
Risk Identification and Assessment
Risk identification and assessment is focused on recognizing and understanding existing risks, risks that may arise from new or evolving business initiatives, aggregate risks, and
non-traditional
or emerging risks from the changing environment. The Bank’s objective is to establish and maintain integrated risk identification and assessment processes that enhance the understanding of risk interdependencies, consider how risk types intersect, and support the identification of emerging risk. To that end, the Bank’s Enterprise-Wide Stress Testing (EWST) program enables senior management, the Board, and its committees to identify and articulate enterprise-wide risks and understand potential vulnerabilities for the Bank.
Risk Measurement
The ability to quantify risks is a key component of the Bank’s risk management process. The Bank’s risk measurement process aligns with regulatory requirements such as capital adequacy, leverage ratios, liquidity measures, stress testing, and maximum credit exposure guidelines established by its regulators. Additionally, the Bank has a process in place to quantify risks to provide accurate and timely measurements of the risks it assumes.
In quantifying risk, the Bank uses various risk measurement methodologies, including
Value-at-Risk
(VaR) analysis, scenario analysis, stress testing, and limits. Other examples of risk measurements include credit exposures, PCL, peer comparisons, trending analysis, liquidity coverage, leverage ratios, capital adequacy metrics, and operational risk event notification metrics. The Bank also requires business segments and corporate oversight functions to assess key risks and internal controls through a structured Risk and Control Self-Assessment program. Internal and external risk events are monitored to assess whether the Bank’s internal controls are effective. This allows the Bank to identify, escalate, and monitor significant risk issues as needed.
 
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Risk Control
The Bank’s risk control processes are established and communicated through Risk Committee and management approved policies, and associated management approved procedures, control limits, and delegated authorities which reflect its risk appetite and risk tolerances.
The Bank’s approach to risk control also includes risk and capital assessments to appropriately capture key risks in its measurement and management of capital adequacy. This involves the review, challenge, and endorsement by senior management committees of the Bank’s Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Programs (ICAAP) and related economic capital practices. The Bank’s performance is measured based on the allocation of risk-based capital to businesses and the cost charged against that capital.
Risk Monitoring and Reporting
The Bank monitors and reports on risk levels on a regular basis against its risk appetite and Risk Management reports on its risk monitoring activities to senior management, the Board and its committees, and appropriate executive and management committees. Complementing regular risk monitoring and reporting, ad hoc risk reporting is provided to senior management, the Risk Committee, and the Board, as appropriate, for new and emerging risks or any significant changes to the Bank’s risk profile. The Bank is developing methodologies and approaches for climate scenario analysis through participation in industry-wide working groups and is working to embed the assessment of climate-related risks and opportunities into relevant Bank processes.
Stress Testing
Stress testing is an integral component of the Bank’s risk management framework and serves as a key component of the Bank’s capital, strategic and financial planning processes. Stress testing at the Bank comprises an annual enterprise-wide stress test featuring a range of severities, prescribed regulatory stress tests in multiple jurisdictions for various legal entities, and various ad hoc stress tests. The results of these stress tests enable management to assess the impact of geopolitical events and changes to economic and other market factors on the Bank’s financial condition and assist in the determination of capital targets, capital risk appetite limits and liquidity adequacy. These exercises also complement the identification and quantification of vulnerabilities, the monitoring of changes in risk profile, the establishment of risk appetite limits and the assessment of the impact of strategic business decisions and potential management actions.
The Bank utilizes a combination of quantitative modelling and qualitative approaches to estimate the impact on the Bank’s performance under hypothetical stress situations. Stress testing engages senior management across the lines of business, Finance, TBSM, Economics, and Risk Management. Stress test results are reviewed, challenged and approved by senior management, governance councils and executive oversight committees. The Bank’s Risk Committee also reviews, challenges and discusses results. The results are submitted, disclosed or shared with regulators as required or requested.
Enterprise-Wide Stress Testing
The Bank conducts an annual EWST as part of a comprehensive capital planning, strategic, and financial exercise that is a key component of the ICAAP framework. The EWST results are considered in establishing the Bank’s capital targets and risk appetite limits. The program is subject to a well-defined governance structure that facilitates oversight and engagement throughout the organization. The Bank’s EWST program involves the development, application, and assessment of severe, but plausible, stress scenarios on the balance sheet, income statement, capital, liquidity, and leverage. It enables management to identify and articulate enterprise-wide risks and understand potential vulnerabilities, and changes to the risk profile of the Bank. Stress scenarios are developed with consideration of the Bank’s key business activities, exposures, concentrations and vulnerabilities. The scenarios cover a wide variety of risk factors meaningful to the Bank’s risk profile in both the North American and global economies including, but not limited to, changes to unemployment, gross domestic product, home prices, and interest rates.
Typical EWSTs feature two scenarios. One is a plausible scenario calibrated to historical recessions in Canada and the U.S. and is used to evaluate downside risks. The other is an extremely high severity, low probability scenario targeted towards stressing
TD-specific
risks and vulnerabilities in support of the ICAAP.
For the 2021 EWST program, the Bank determined that the recession scenario was no longer effective to allow it to evaluate the downside risks given the
COVID-19
pandemic environment. As such, the 2021 EWST program assessed a single scenario with extremely high severity, which featured further economic deterioration with a prolonged recovery driven by ineffective vaccines, more stringent lockdown measures and lack of progress on long-term fiscal plans. The assessment of the scenario concluded that the Bank had sufficient capital to withstand the extremely severe and prolonged stress conditions.
Other Stress Tests
Stress tests are also conducted on certain legal entities and jurisdictions, in line with prescribed regulatory requirements. The Bank’s U.S.-based operating bank subsidiaries’ capital planning process includes activities and results from the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency’s (OCC) Dodd-Frank Act stress testing (DFAST) requirements. The Bank’s U.S. holding company capital planning process includes the stress testing activities and results from the Federal Reserve Board’s capital plan rule and related Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (CCAR) requirements. In addition, certain Bank subsidiaries in Singapore, Ireland, and the United Kingdom conduct stress testing exercises as part of their respective ICAAP. The Bank undertakes other internal and regulatory based stress tests including, but not limited to, liquidity and market risk, which are detailed in the respective sections.
The Bank also conducts scenario and sensitivity analysis as part of the Recovery and Resolution Planning program to assess potential mitigating actions and contingency planning strategies, as required. In addition, the Bank conducts ad hoc stress tests, which include enterprise or targeted portfolio testing, to evaluate potential vulnerabilities to specific changes in economic and market conditions.
Strategic Risk
Strategic risk is the risk of
sub-optimal
outcomes (including financial loss or reputational damage) arising from the Bank
’s
choice of strategies, the improper implementation of chosen strategies, the inability to implement chosen strategies, an inadequate response to disruption to the Bank’s strategies or the taking of tail risk (i.e., low probability events that can result in extremely large quantifiable losses). Strategies include current operations and merger and acquisition activities.
WHO MANAGES STRATEGIC RISK
The CEO manages Strategic Risk supported by the members of the SET and the ERMC. The CEO, together with the SET, defines the overall strategy, in consultation with, and subject to approval by the Board. The Enterprise Strategy and Decision Support group, under the leadership of the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), is charged with developing the Bank’s overall long-term strategy and shorter-term strategic priorities with input and support from senior executives across the Bank.
 
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Each member of the SET is responsible for establishing and managing long-term strategy and shorter-term priorities for their areas of responsibility (business segment or corporate function), and that such strategies are aligned with the Bank’s overall long-term strategy and short-term strategic priorities, and within the
enterprise risk appetite. Each SET member is also accountable to the CEO for identifying, assessing, measuring, controlling, monitoring, and reporting on the effectiveness and risks of their business strategies.
The CEO, SET members, and other senior executives report to the Board on the implementation of the Bank’s strategies, identifying related risks, and explaining how those risks are managed.
The ERMC oversees the identification and monitoring of significant and emerging risks related to the Bank’s strategies so that mitigating actions are taken where appropriate.
HOW TD MANAGES STRATEGIC RISK
The Bank’s enterprise-wide strategies and operating performance, and those of significant business segments and corporate functions, are assessed regularly by the CEO and the members of the SET through an integrated financial and strategic planning process, as well as operating results reviews.
The Bank’s RAS establishes strategic risk limits at the enterprise and business segment-level. Limits include qualitative and quantitative assessments and are established to monitor and control business concentrations, strategic disruption, and environmental and social risks.
The Bank’s annual integrated planning process establishes plans at the enterprise, segment, and strategic business line-levels (subsets of business segments). The plans include key operating trends, long-term strategy, shorter-term strategies, target metrics, key risks and mitigants, ESG considerations, and alignment with enterprise strategy and risk appetite.
Operating results are reviewed on a periodic basis during the year to monitor segment-level performance against the integrated financial and strategic plan. These reviews include an evaluation of the long-term strategy and short-term strategic priorities of each business segment, including the operating environment, competitive position, performance assessment, initiatives for strategy execution and key business risks. The frequency of the operating results reviews depends on the risk profile and size of the business segment or corporate function.
The Bank’s strategic risk, and adherence to its risk appetite, is reviewed by the ERMC in the normal course, as well as by the Board. Additionally, material acquisitions are assessed for their fit with the Bank’s strategy and risk appetite in accordance with the Bank’s Due Diligence Policy. This assessment is reviewed by the SET and Board as part of the decision process.
 
The shaded areas of this MD&A represent a discussion on risk management policies and procedures relating to credit, market, and liquidity risks as required under IFRS 7,
Financial Instruments: Disclosures
, which permits these specific disclosures to be included in the MD&A. Therefore, the shaded areas which include Credit Risk, Market Risk, and Liquidity Risk, form an integral part of the audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended October 31, 2021 and 2020.
Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk of loss if a borrower or counterparty in a transaction fails to meet its agreed payment obligations.
Credit risk is one of the most significant and pervasive risks in banking. Every loan, extension of credit, or transaction that involves the transfer of payments between the Bank and other parties or financial institutions exposes the Bank to some degree of credit risk.
The Bank’s primary objective is to be methodical in its credit risk assessment so that the Bank can understand, select, and manage its exposures to reduce significant fluctuations in earnings.
The Bank’s strategy is to include central oversight of credit risk in each business, and reinforce a culture of transparency, accountability, independence, and balance.
WHO MANAGES CREDIT RISK
The responsibility for credit risk management is enterprise-wide. To reinforce ownership of credit risk, credit risk control functions are integrated into each business, but also report to Risk Management.
Each business segment’s credit risk control unit is responsible for its credit decisions and must comply with established policies, exposure guidelines, credit approval limits, and policy/limit exception procedures. It must also adhere to established enterprise-wide standards of credit assessment and obtain Risk Management’s approval for credit decisions beyond its discretionary authority.
Risk Management is accountable for oversight of credit risk by developing policies that govern and control portfolio risks, and approval of product-specific policies, as required.
The Risk Committee oversees the management of credit risk and annually approves certain significant credit risk policies.
HOW TD MANAGES CREDIT RISK
The Bank’s Credit Risk Management Framework outlines the internal risk and control structure to manage credit risk and includes risk appetite, policies, processes, limits and governance. The Credit Risk Management Framework is maintained by Risk Management and supports alignment with the Bank’s risk appetite for credit risk.
Credit risk policies and credit decision-making strategies, as well as the discretionary limits of officers throughout the Bank for extending lines of credit are centrally approved by Risk Management, and the Board where applicable.
Limits are established to monitor and control country, industry, product, geographic, and group exposure risks in the portfolios in accordance with enterprise-wide policies.
In the Bank’s Retail businesses, the Bank uses established underwriting guidelines (which include collateral and
loan-to-value
constraints) along with approved scoring techniques and standards in extending, monitoring, and reporting personal credit. Credit scores and decision strategies are used in the origination and ongoing management of new and existing retail credit exposures. Scoring models and decision strategies utilize a combination of borrower attributes, including employment status, existing loan exposure and performance, and size of total bank relationship, as well as external data such as credit bureau information, to determine the amount of credit the Bank is prepared to extend to retail customers and to estimate future credit performance. Established policies and procedures are in place to govern the use, and monitor and assess the performance of scoring models and decision strategies to align with expected performance results. Retail credit exposures approved within the regional credit centres are subject to ongoing Retail Risk Management review to assess the effectiveness of credit decisions and risk controls, as well as identify emerging or systemic issues and trends. Material policy exceptions are tracked and reported and larger dollar exposures and material exceptions to policy are escalated to Retail Risk Management.
The Bank’s Commercial Banking and Wholesale Banking businesses use credit risk models and policies to establish borrower and facility risk ratings (BRR and FRR), quantify and monitor the level of risk, and facilitate the associated risk management. Risk ratings are also used to determine the amount of credit exposure the Bank is willing to extend to a particular borrower. Management processes are used to monitor country, industry, and borrower or counterparty risk ratings, which include daily, monthly, quarterly, and annual review requirements for credit exposures. The key parameters used in the Bank’s credit risk models are monitored on an ongoing basis.
 
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Unanticipated economic or political changes in a foreign country could affect cross-border payments for goods and services, loans, dividends, and
trade-related
finance, as well as repatriation of the Bank’s capital in that country. The Bank currently has credit exposure in a number of countries, with the majority of the exposure in North America. The Bank measures country risk using approved risk rating models and qualitative factors that are also used to establish country exposure limits covering all aspects of credit exposure across all businesses. Country risk ratings are managed on an ongoing basis and are subject to a detailed review at least annually.
As part of the Bank’s credit risk strategy, the Bank sets limits on the amount of credit it is prepared to extend to specific industry sectors. The Bank monitors its concentration to any given industry to provide for a diversified loan portfolio and to reduce the risk of undue concentration. The Bank manages this risk using limits based on an internal risk rating score that combines TD’s industry risk rating model and industry analysis, and regularly reviews industry risk ratings to assess whether internal ratings properly reflect the risk of the industry. The Bank assigns a maximum exposure limit or a concentration limit to each major industry segment which is a percentage of its total wholesale and commercial private sector exposure.
The Bank may also set limits on the amount of credit it is prepared to extend to a particular entity or group of entities, also referred to as “entity risk”. All entity risk is approved by the appropriate decision-making authority using limits based on the entity’s BRR and, for certain portfolios, the risk rating of the industry in which the entity operates. This exposure is monitored on a regular basis.
To determine the potential loss that could be incurred under a range of adverse scenarios, the Bank subjects its credit portfolios to stress tests. Stress tests assess vulnerability of the portfolios to the effects of severe but plausible situations, such as an economic downturn or a material market disruption.
The Basel Framework
The objective of the Basel Framework is to improve the consistency of capital requirements internationally and make required regulatory capital more
risk-sensitive.
The Basel Framework sets out several options which represent increasingly more risk-sensitive approaches for calculating credit, market, and operational RWA.
Credit Risk and the Basel Framework
The Bank received approval from OSFI to use the Basel AIRB Approach for credit risk, effective November 1, 2007, with certain exemptions. Effective the third quarter of 2020, OSFI approved the use of the AIRB approach for the
non-retail
portfolio in the U.S. Retail segment. With this approval, the Bank now uses the AIRB approach for all material portfolios.
To continue to qualify using the AIRB Approach for credit risk, the Bank must meet the ongoing conditions and requirements established by OSFI and the Basel Framework. The Bank regularly assesses its compliance with these requirements.
Credit Risk Exposures Subject to the AIRB Approach
Banks that adopt the AIRB Approach to credit risk must report credit risk exposures by counterparty type, each having different underlying risk characteristics. These counterparty types may differ from the presentation in the Bank’s 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements. The Bank’s credit risk exposures are divided into two main portfolios, retail and
non-retail.
Risk Parameters
Under the AIRB Approach, credit risk is measured using the following risk parameters:
•
 
Probability of default (PD) – the likelihood that the borrower will not be able to meet its scheduled repayments within a
one-year
time horizon.
•
 
Loss given default (LGD) – the amount of loss the Bank would likely incur when a borrower defaults on a loan, which is expressed as a percentage of exposure at default (EAD).
•
 
EAD – the total amount the Bank is exposed to at the time of default.
By applying these risk parameters, the Bank can measure and monitor its credit risk to verify that it remains within
pre-determined
thresholds.
Retail Exposures
In the retail portfolio, including individuals and small businesses, the Bank manages exposures on a pooled basis, using predictive credit scoring techniques. There are three
sub-types
of retail exposures: residential secured (for example, individual mortgages and home equity lines of credit), qualifying revolving retail (for example, individual credit cards, unsecured lines of credit, and overdraft protection products), and other retail (for example, personal loans, including secured automobile loans, student lines of credit, and small business banking credit products).
The Bank calculates RWA for its retail exposures using the AIRB Approach. All retail PD, LGD, and EAD parameter models are based exclusively on the internal default and loss performance history for each of the three retail exposure
sub-types.
Account-level PD, LGD, and EAD models are built for each product portfolio and calibrated based on the observed account-level default and loss performance for the portfolio.
Consistent with the AIRB Approach, the Bank defines default for exposures as delinquency of 90 days or more for the majority of retail credit portfolios. LGD estimates used in the RWA calculations reflect economic losses, such as, direct and indirect costs as well as any appropriate discount to account for time between default and ultimate recovery. EAD estimates reflect the historically observed utilization of credit limits at default. PD, LGD, and EAD models are calibrated using established statistical methods, such as logistic and linear regression techniques. Predictive attributes in the models may include account attributes, such as loan size, interest rate, and collateral, where applicable; an account’s previous history and current status; an account’s age on book; a customer’s credit bureau attributes; and a customer’s other holdings with the Bank, and macroeconomic inputs, such as unemployment rate. For secured products such as residential mortgages, property characteristics,
loan-to-value
ratios, and a customer’s equity in the property, play a significant role in PD as well as in LGD models.
All risk parameter estimates are updated on a quarterly basis based on the refreshed model inputs. Parameter estimation is fully automated based on approved formulas and is not subject to manual overrides.
Exposures are then assigned to one of nine
pre-defined
PD segments based on their estimated
long-run
average
one-year
PD.
The predictive power of the Bank’s retail credit models is assessed against the most recently available
one-year
default and loss performance on a quarterly basis. All models are also subject to a comprehensive independent validation as outlined in the “Model Risk Management” section of this disclosure.
Long-run
PD estimates are generated by including key economic indicators, such as interest rates and unemployment rates, and using their
long-run
average over the credit cycle to estimate PD.
LGD estimates are required to reflect a downturn scenario. Downturn LGD estimates are generated by using macroeconomic inputs, such as changes in housing prices and unemployment rates expected in an appropriately severe downturn scenario.
 
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For unsecured products, downturn LGD estimates reflect the observed lower recoveries for exposures defaulted during the 2008 to 2009 recession. For products secured by residential real estate, such as mortgages and home equity lines of credit, downturn LGD reflects the potential impact of a severe housing downturn. EAD estimates similarly reflect a downturn scenario.
The following table maps PD ranges to risk levels:
 
 
 
Risk Assessment
  
PD Segment
  
PD Range
 
 
Low Risk
  
1
  
0.00 to 0.15%
 
 
Normal Risk
  
2
3
  
0.16 to 0.41
0.42 to 1.10
 
 
Medium Risk
  
4
5
  
1.11 to 2.93
2.94 to 4.74
 
 
High Risk
  
6
7
8
  
4.75 to 7.59
7.60 to 18.24
18.25 to 99.99
 
 
Default
  
9
  
100.00
Non-Retail
 
Exposures
In the
 
non-retail
 
portfolio, the Bank manages exposures on an individual borrower basis, using industry and sector-specific credit risk models, and expert judgment. The Bank has categorized
 
non-retail
 
credit risk exposures according to the following Basel counterparty types: corporate, including wholesale and commercial customers, sovereign, and bank. Under the AIRB Approach, CMHC-insured mortgages are considered sovereign risk and are therefore classified as
 
non-retail.
The Bank evaluates credit risk for
 
non-retail
 
exposures by using both a BRR and FRR. The Bank uses this system for all corporate, sovereign, and bank exposures. The Bank determines the risk ratings using industry and sector-specific credit risk models that are based on internal historical data. In Canada, for both the wholesale and commercial lending portfolios, credit risk models are calibrated based on internal data beginning in 1994. In the U.S., credit risk models are calibrated based on internal data beginning in 2007. All borrowers and facilities are assigned an internal risk rating that must be reviewed at least once each year. External data such as rating agency default rates or loss databases are used to validate the parameters.
Internal risk ratings (BRR and FRR) are key to portfolio monitoring and management, and are used to set exposure limits and loan pricing. Internal risk ratings are also used in the calculation of regulatory capital, economic capital, and allowance for credit losses
.
Borrower Risk Rating and PD
Each borrower is assigned a BRR that reflects the PD of the borrower using proprietary models and expert judgment. In assessing borrower risk, the Bank reviews the borrower’s competitive position, financial performance, economic, and industry trends, management quality, and access to f
u
nds. Under the AIRB Approach, borrowers are grouped into BRR grades that have similar PD. Use of projections for model implied risk ratings is not permitted and BRRs may not incorporate a projected reversal, stabilization of negative trends, or the acceleration of existing positive trends. Historic financial results can however be sensitized to account for events that have occurred, or are about to occur, such as additional debt incurred by a borrower since the date of the last set of financial statements. In conducting an assessment of the BRR, all relevant and material information must be taken into account and the information being used must be current. Quantitative rating models are used to rank the
 expected
through-the-cycle
 
PD, and these models are segmented into categories based on industry and borrower size. The quantitative model output can be modified in some cases by expert judgment, as prescribed within the Bank’s credit policies.
To calibrate PDs for each BRR band, the Bank computes yearly transition matrices based on annual cohorts and then estimates the average annual PD for each BRR. The PD is set at the average estimation level plus an appropriate adjustment to cover statistical and model uncertainty. The calibration process for PD is
a
 through-the-cycle
approach. TD’s
 
21-point
 
BRR scale broadly aligns to external ratings as follows:
 
Description
  
Rating Category
  
Standard & Poor’s
  
Moody’s Investor Services
Investment grade
  
0 to 1C
  
AAA to AA-
  
Aaa to Aa3
 
  
2A to 2C
  
A+ to A-
  
A1 to A3
 
  
3A to 3C
  
BBB+ to BBB-
  
Baa1 to Baa3
Non-investment
 
grade
  
4A to 4C
  
BB+ to BB-
  
Ba1 to Ba3
 
  
5A to 5C
  
B+ to B-
  
B1 to B3
Watch and classified
  
6 to 8
  
CCC+ to CC and below
  
Caa1 to Ca and below
Impaired/default
  
9A to 9B
  
Default
  
Default
Facility Risk Rating and LGD
The FRR maps to LGD and takes into account facility-specific characteristics such as collateral, seniority ranking of debt, and loan structure.
Different FRR models are used based on industry and obligor size. Data considered in the calibration of the LGD model includes variables such as collateral coverage, debt structure, and borrower enterprise value. Average LGD and the statistical uncertainty of LGD are estimated for each FRR grade. In some FRR models, lack of historical data requires the model to output a rank-ordering which is then mapped through expert judgment to the quantitative LGD scale.
The AIRB Approach stipulates the use of downturn LGD, where the downturn period, as determined by internal and/or external experience, suggests higher than average loss rates or lower than average recovery. To reflect this, calibrated LGDs take into account both the statistical estimation uncertainty and the higher than average LGDs experienced during downturn periods.
Exposure at Default
The Bank calculates
 
non-retail
 
EAD by first measuring the drawn amount of a facility and then adding a potential increased utilization at default from the undrawn portion, if any. Usage Given Default (UGD) is measured as the percentage of Committed Undrawn exposure that would be expected to be drawn by a borrower defaulting in the next year, in addition to the amount that already has been drawn by the borrower. In the absence of credit mitigation effects or other details, the EAD is set at the drawn amount plus (UGD x Committed Undrawn), where UGD is a percentage between 0% and 100%.
BRR and drawn ratio up to
 
one-year
 
prior to default are predictors for UGD. Consequently, the UGD estimates are calibrated by BRR and drawn ratio, the latter representing the ratio of the drawn to authorized amounts.
 
TD BANK GROUP
 
•
 
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
 
•
 
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
 
Page 66

Historical UGD experience is studied for any downturn impacts, similar to the LGD downturn analysis. The Bank has not found downturn UGD to be significantly different from average UGD, therefore the UGDs are set at the average calibrated level, by drawn ratio and/or BRR, plus an appropriate adjustment for statistical and model uncertainty.
Credit Risk Exposures Subject to the Standardized Approach (SA)
Currently SA to credit risk is used on exempted portfolios which are either immaterial or expected to wind down. Under SA, the assets are multiplied by risk weights prescribed by OSFI to determine RWA. These risk weights are assigned according to certain factors including counterparty type, product type, and the nature/extent of credit risk mitigation. The Bank uses external credit ratings, including Moody’s and S&P to determine the appropriate risk weight for its exposures to sovereigns (governments, central banks, and certain public sector entities) and banks (regulated deposit-taking institutions, securities firms, and certain public sector entities).
The Bank applies the following risk weights to
on-balance
sheet exposures under SA:
 
Sovereign
     0 %
1
 
Bank
     20 %
1
 
   
Corporate
     100 % 
 
1
The risk weight may vary according to the external risk rating.
 
Lower risk weights apply where approved credit risk mitigants exist.
Non-retail
loans that are more than 90 days past due receive a risk weight of 150%. For
off-balance
sheet exposures, specified credit conversion factors are used to convert the notional amount of the exposure into a credit equivalent amount.
Derivative Exposures
Credit risk on derivative financial instruments, also known as counterparty credit risk, is the risk of a financial loss occurring as a result of the failure of a counterparty to meet its obligation to the Bank. Derivative-related credit risks are subject to the same credit approval standards that the Bank uses for assessing loans. These standards include evaluating the creditworthiness of counterparties, measuring and monitoring exposures, including
wrong-way
risk exposures, and managing the size, diversification, and maturity structure of the portfolios.
The Bank uses various qualitative and quantitative methods to measure and manage counterparty credit risk. These include statistical methods to measure the current and future potential risk, as well as ongoing stress testing to identify and quantify exposure under a range of adverse scenarios. The Bank establishes various limits to manage business volumes and concentrations. Risk Management independently measures and monitors counterparty credit risk relative to established credit policies and limits. As part of the credit risk monitoring process, management periodically reviews all exposures, including exposures resulting from derivative financial instruments to higher risk counterparties, and to assess the valuation of underlying financial instruments and the impact evolving market conditions may have on the Bank.
To reduce credit risk exposure, the Bank employs mitigation strategies that include master netting agreements, collateral pledging, central clearing houses and other credit risk mitigation techniques. Master netting agreements allow the Bank to offset and arrive at a net obligation amount, whereas collateral agreements allow the Bank to secure the Bank’s exposure. By taking the opposite position to each trade, central clearing houses also reduce bilateral credit risk.
There are two types of
wrong-way
risk exposures, namely general and specific. General
wrong-way
risk arises when the PD of the counterparties moves in the same direction as a given market risk factor. Specific
wrong-way
risk arises when the exposure to a particular counterparty moves in the same direction as the PD of the counterparty due to the nature of the transactions entered into with that counterparty. These exposures require specific approval within the credit approval process. The Bank measures and manages specific
wrong-way
risk exposures in the same manner as direct loan obligations and controls them by way of approved credit facility limits.
The Bank uses the standardized approach for counterparty credit risk to calculate the EAD amount, which is defined by OSFI as a multiple of the summation of replacement cost and potential future exposure, to
e
stimate the risk and determine regulatory capital requirements for derivative exposures.
Validation of the Credit Risk Rating System
Credit risk rating systems and methodologies are independently validated on a regular basis to verify that they remain accurate predictors of risk. The validation process includes the following considerations:
•  
Risk parameter estimates – PDs, LGDs, and EADs are reviewed and updated against actual loss experience to verify that estimates continue to be reasonable predictors of potential loss.
•  
Model performance – Estimates continue to be discriminatory, stable, and predictive.
•  
Data quality – Data used in the risk rating system is accurate, appropriate, and sufficient.
•  
Assumptions – Key assumptions underlying the development of the model remain valid for the current portfolio and environment.
Risk Management verifies that the credit risk rating system complies with the Bank’s Model Risk Policy. At least annually, the Risk Committee is informed of the performance of the credit risk rating system. The Risk Committee must approve any material changes to the Bank’s credit risk rating system.
Credit Risk Mitigation
The techniques the Bank uses to reduce or mitigate credit risk include written policies and procedures to value and manage financial and
non-financial
security (collateral) and to review and negotiate netting agreements. The amount and type of collateral, and other credit risk mitigation techniques required, are based on the Bank’s own assessment of the borrower’s or counterparty’s credit quality and capacity to pay.
In the Retail and Commercial banking businesses, security for loans is primarily
non-financial
and includes residential real estate, real estate under development, commercial real estate, automobiles, and other business assets, such as accounts receivable, inventory, and fixed assets. In the Wholesale Banking business, a large portion of loans are to investment grade borrowers where no security is pledged.
Non-investment
grade borrowers typically pledge business assets in the same manner as commercial borrowers. Common standards across the Bank are used to value collateral, determine frequency of recalculation, and to document, register, perfect, and monitor collateral.
The Bank also uses collateral, master netting agreements and central clearing houses to mitigate derivative counterparty exposure. Security for derivative exposures is primarily financial and includes cash and negotiable securities issued by highly rated governments and investment grade issuers. This approach includes
pre-defined
discounts and procedures for the receipt, safekeeping, and release of pledged
securities.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 67

In all but exceptional situations, the Bank secures collateral by taking possession and controlling it in a jurisdiction where it can legally enforce its collateral rights. In exceptional situations and when demanded by the Bank’s counterparty, the Bank holds or pledges collateral with an acceptable third-party custodian. The Bank documents all such
third-party
arrangements with industry standard agreements.
Occasionally, the Bank may take guarantees to reduce the risk in credit exposures. For credit risk exposures subject to the AIRB approach, the Bank only recognizes irrevocable guarantees for Commercial Banking and Wholesale Banking credit exposures that are provided by entities with a better risk rating than that of the borrower or counterparty to the transaction.
The Bank makes use of credit derivatives to mitigate credit risk. The credit, legal, and other risks associated with these transactions are controlled through well-established procedures. The Bank’s policy is to enter into these transactions with investment grade financial institutions and transact on a collateralized basis. Credit risk to these counterparties is managed through the same approval, limit, and monitoring processes the Bank uses for all counterparties for which it has credit exposure.
The Bank uses appraisals and automated valuation models (AVMs) to support property values when adjudicating loans collateralized by residential real property. AVMs are computer-based tools used to estimate or validate the market value of residential real property using market comparables and price trends for local market areas. The primary risk associated with the use of these tools is that the value of an individual property may vary significantly from the average for the market area. The Bank has specific risk management guidelines addressing the circumstances when they may be used, and processes to periodically validate AVMs including obtaining third-party appraisals.
Gross Credit Risk Exposure
Gross credit risk exposure, also referred to as EAD, is the total amount the Bank is exposed to at the time of default of a loan and is measured before counterparty-specific provisions or write-offs. Gross credit risk exposure does not reflect the effects of credit risk mitigation and includes both
on-balance
sheet and
off-balance
sheet exposures.
On-balance
sheet exposures consist primarily of outstanding loans, acceptances,
non-trading
securities, derivatives, and certain other repo-style transactions.
Off-balance
sheet exposures consist primarily of undrawn commitments, guarantees, and certain other
repo-style
transactions.
Gross credit risk exposures for the two approaches the Bank uses to measure credit risk are included in the following table.
 
TABLE 42: GROSS CREDIT RISK EXPOSURES – Standardized and Advanced Internal Ratings-Based Approaches
1
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)                                   
As at
 
            
October 31, 2021
             October 31, 2020  
     
Standardized
    
AIRB
    
Total
     Standardized      AIRB      Total  
Retail
                                                     
Residential secured
  
$
4,323
 
  
$
433,144
 
  
$
437,467
 
   $ 3,594      $ 409,564      $ 413,158  
Qualifying revolving retail
  
 
–
 
  
 
151,006
 
  
 
151,006
 
     –        153,820        153,820  
             
Other retail
  
 
3,368
 
  
 
88,894
 
  
 
92,262
 
     3,135        88,185        91,320  
Total retail
  
 
7,691
 
  
 
673,044
 
  
 
680,735
 
     6,729        651,569        658,298  
Non-retail
                                                     
Corporate
  
 
6,066
 
  
 
625,640
 
  
 
631,706
 
     11,774        588,331        600,105  
Sovereign
  
 
1
 
  
 
470,671
 
  
 
470,672
 
     1        528,598        528,599  
             
Bank
  
 
519
 
  
 
136,004
 
  
 
136,523
 
     446        149,117        149,563  
             
Total
non-retail
  
 
6,586
 
  
 
1,232,315
 
  
 
1,238,901
 
     12,221        1,266,046        1,278,267  
Gross credit risk exposures
  
$
    14,277
 
  
$
    1,905,359
 
  
$
    1,919,636
 
   $     18,950      $     1,917,615      $     1,936,565  
 
1
 
Gross credit risk exposures represent EAD and are before the effects of credit risk mitigation. This table excludes securitization, equity, and other credit RWA.
 
Other Credit Risk Exposures
Non-trading
Equity Exposures
The Bank applies the simple risk weight method under the market-based approach to calculate RWA on the
non-trading
equity exposures. Under the simple risk weight method, a 300% risk weight is applied to equity holdings that are publicly traded and a 400% risk weight is applied to all other equity holdings. Equity exposures to sovereigns and holdings made under legislated programs continue to follow the appropriate OSFI prescribed risk weights of 0%, 20% or 100%.
Securitization Exposures
Effective November 1, 2018, the Bank applies risk weights to all securitization exposures under the revised securitization framework published by OSFI. The revised securitization framework includes a hierarchy of approaches to determine capital treatment, and transactions that meet the simple, transparent, and comparable requirements that are eligible for preferential capital treatment.
Effective the second quarter of 2021, the Bank began using the
SEC-IRBA
for qualified exposures. Under
SEC-IRBA,
risk weights are determined using a loss coverage model that quantifies and monitors the level of risk. The
SEC-IRBA
also considers credit enhancements available for loss protection.
For externally rated exposures that do not qualify for
SEC-IRBA,
the Bank uses an External Ratings-Based Approach
(SEC-ERBA).
Risk weights are assigned to exposures using external ratings by external rating agencies, including Moody’s and S&P. The
SEC-ERBA
also takes into account additional factors, including the type of the rating (long-term or short-term), maturity, and the seniority of the position.
For exposures that do not qualify for
SEC-IRBA
or
SEC-ERBA,
and are held by an ABCP issuing conduit, the Bank uses the Internal Assessment Approach (IAA).
Under the IAA, the Bank considers all relevant risk factors in assessing the credit quality of these exposures, including those published by the Moody’s and S&P rating agencies. The Bank also uses loss coverage models and policies to quantify and monitor the level of risk, and facilitate its management. The Bank’s IAA process includes an assessment of the extent by which the enhancement available for loss protection provides coverage of expected losses. The levels of stressed coverage the Bank requires for each internal risk rating are consistent with the rating agencies’ published stressed factor requirements for equivalent external ratings by asset class. Under the IAA, exposures are multiplied by OSFI prescribed risk weights to calculate RWA for capital purposes.
For exposures that do not qualify for
SEC-IRBA,
SEC-ERBA
or the IAA , the Bank uses the Standardized Approach
(SEC-SA).
Under
SEC-SA,
the primary factors that determine the risk weights include the asset class of the underlying loans, the seniority of the position, the level of credit enhancements, and historical delinquency rates.
Irrespective of the approach being used to determine the risk weights, all exposures are assigned an internal risk rating based on the Bank’s assessment, which must be reviewed at least annually. The ratings scale TD uses corresponds to the long-term ratings scales used by the rating agencies.
The Bank’s internal rating process is subject to all of the key elements and principles of the Bank’s risk governance structure, and is managed in the same way as outlined in this “Credit Risk” section.
The Bank uses the results of the internal rating in all aspects of its credit risk management, including performance tracking, control mechanisms, and management reporting.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 68

Market Risk
Trading Market Risk is the risk of loss in financial instruments held in trading positions due to adverse movements in market factors. These market factors include interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, commodity prices, credit spreads, and their respective volatilities.
Non-Trading
Market Risk is the risk of loss on the balance sheet or volatility in earnings from
non-trading
activities such as asset-liability management or investments, due to adverse movements in market factors. These market factors are predominantly interest rates, credit spreads, foreign exchange rates and equity prices.
The Bank is exposed to market risk in its trading and investment portfolios, as well as through its
non-trading
activities. The Bank is an active participant in the market through its trading and investment portfolios, seeking to realize returns for TD through careful management of its positions and inventories. In the Bank’s
non-trading
activities, it is exposed to market risk through the everyday banking transactions that the Bank’s customers execute with TD.
The Bank complied with the Basel III market risk requirements as at October 31, 2021, using the Internal Models Approach.
MARKET RISK LINKAGE TO THE BALANCE SHEET
The following table provides a breakdown of the Bank’s balance sheet into assets and liabilities exposed to trading and
non-trading
market risks. Market risk of assets and liabilities included in the calculation of VaR and other metrics used for regulatory market risk capital purposes is classified as trading market risk.
 
TABLE 43:  MARKET RISK LINKAGE TO THE BALANCE SHEET
1
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
As at
 
 
October 31, 2021
 
 
October 31, 2020
 
 
  
  
 
Balance
sheet
 
 
Trading
market risk
 
 
Non-trading

market risk
 
 
Other
 
 
Balance
sheet
 
 
Trading
market risk
 
 
Non-trading

market risk
 
 
Other
 
 
Non-trading market

risk – primary risk
sensitivity
Assets subject to market risk
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
 
$
159,962
 
 
$
423
 
 
$
159,539
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
164,149
 
 
$
435
 
 
$
163,714
 
 
$
–
 
 
Interest rate
Trading loans, securities, and other
 
 
147,590
 
 
 
138,701
 
 
 
8,889
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
148,318
 
 
 
143,381
 
 
 
4,937
 
 
 
–
 
 
Interest rate
Non-trading
financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
 
 
9,390
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
9,390
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
8,548
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
8,548
 
 
 
–
 
 
Equity,
foreign exchange, interest rate
Derivatives
 
 
54,427
 
 
 
52,352
 
 
 
2,075
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
54,242
 
 
 
51,722
 
 
 
2,520
 
 
 
–
 
 
Equity,
foreign exchange, interest rate
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss
 
 
4,564
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
4,564
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
4,739
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
4,739
 
 
 
–
 
 
Interest rate
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
 
 
79,066
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
79,066
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
103,285
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
103,285
 
 
 
–
 
 
Equity,
foreign exchange, interest rate
Debt securities at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses
 
 
268,939
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
268,939
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
227,679
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
227,679
 
 
 
–
 
 
Foreign exchange,
interest rate
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements
 
 
167,284
 
 
 
7,992
 
 
 
159,292
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
169,162
 
 
 
7,395
 
 
 
161,767
 
 
 
–
 
 
Interest rate
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
 
 
722,622
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
722,622
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
717,523
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
717,523
 
 
 
–
 
 
Interest rate
Customers’ liability under acceptances
 
 
18,448
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
18,448
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
14,941
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
14,941
 
 
 
–
 
 
Interest rate
Investment in Schwab
 
 
11,112
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
11,112
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
12,174
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
12,174
 
 
 
–
 
 
Equity
Other assets
2
 
 
2,677
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,677
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,277
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,277
 
 
 
–
 
 
Interest rate
                   
Assets not exposed to market risk
 
 
82,591
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
82,591
 
 
 
88,828
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
88,828
 
 
 
                   
Total Assets
 
$
1,728,672
 
 
$
199,468
 
 
$
1,446,613
 
 
$
82,591
 
 
$
1,715,865
 
 
$
202,933
 
 
$
1,424,104
 
 
$
88,828
 
 
 
Liabilities subject to market risk
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
 
 
Trading deposits
 
$
22,891
 
 
$
22,731
 
 
$
160
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
19,177
 
 
$
18,089
 
 
$
1,088
 
 
$
–
 
 
Equity, interest rate
Derivatives
 
 
57,122
 
 
 
51,817
 
 
 
5,305
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
53,203
 
 
 
50,237
 
 
 
2,966
 
 
 
–
 
 
Equity,
foreign exchange, interest rate
Securitization liabilities at fair value
 
 
13,505
 
 
 
13,505
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
13,718
 
 
 
13,718
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
Interest rate
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss
 
 
113,988
 
 
 
7
 
 
 
113,981
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
59,665
 
 
 
15
 
 
 
59,650
 
 
 
–
 
 
Interest rate
Deposits
 
 
1,125,125
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,125,125
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,135,333
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,135,333
 
 
 
–
 
 
Interest rate,
foreign exchange
Acceptances
 
 
18,448
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
18,448
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
14,941
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
14,941
 
 
 
–
 
 
Interest rate
Obligations related to securities sold short
 
 
42,384
 
 
 
41,242
 
 
 
1,142
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
34,999
 
 
 
34,307
 
 
 
692
 
 
 
–
 
 
Interest rate
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements
 
 
144,097
 
 
 
5,126
 
 
 
138,971
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
188,876
 
 
 
3,675
 
 
 
185,201
 
 
 
–
 
 
Interest rate
Securitization liabilities at amortized cost
 
 
15,262
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
15,262
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
15,768
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
15,768
 
 
 
–
 
 
Interest rate
Subordinated notes and debentures
 
 
11,230
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
11,230
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
11,477
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
11,477
 
 
 
–
 
 
Interest rate
Other liabilities
2
 
 
16,144
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
16,144
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
18,431
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
18,431
 
 
 
–
 
 
Equity, interest rate
                   
Liabilities and Equity not exposed to market risk
 
 
148,476
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
148,476
 
 
 
150,277
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
150,277
 
 
 
Total Liabilities and Equity
 
$
  1,728,672
 
 
$
  134,428
 
 
$
  1,445,768
 
 
$
  148,476
 
 
$
  1,715,865
 
 
$
  120,041
 
 
$
  1,445,547
 
 
$
  150,277
 
 
 
 
1
 
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in in the current period.
2
 
Relates to retirement benefits, insurance, and structured entity liabilities.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 69

MARKET RISK IN TRADING ACTIVITIES
The overall objective of the Bank’s trading businesses is to provide wholesale banking services, including facilitation and liquidity, to clients of the Bank. The Bank must take on risk in order to provide effective service in markets where its clients trade. In particular, the Bank needs to hold inventory, act as principal to facilitate client transactions, and underwrite new issues. The Bank also trades in order to have
in-depth
knowledge of market conditions to provide the most efficient and effective pricing and service to clients, while balancing the risks inherent in its dealing activities.
WHO MANAGES MARKET RISK IN TRADING ACTIVITIES
Primary responsibility for managing market risk in trading activities lies with Wholesale Banking, with oversight from Market Risk Control within Risk Management. The Market Risk Control Committee meets regularly to conduct a review of the market risk profile, trading results of the Bank’s trading businesses as well as changes to market risk policies. The committee is chaired by the Senior Vice President, Market Risk and Model Development, and includes Wholesale Banking senior management.
There were no significant reclassifications between trading and
non-trading
books during the year ended October 31, 2021.
HOW TD MANAGES MARKET RISK IN TRADING ACTIVITIES
Market risk plays a key part in the assessment of any trading business strategy. The Bank launches new trading initiatives or expands existing ones only if the risk has been thoroughly assessed, and is judged to be within the Bank’s risk appetite and business expertise, and if the appropriate infrastructure is in place to monitor, control, and manage the risk. The Trading Market Risk Framework outlines the management of trading market risk and incorporates risk appetite, risk governance structure, risk identification, measurement, and control. The Trading Market Risk Framework is maintained by Risk Management and supports alignment with the Bank’s Risk Appetite for trading market risk.
Trading Limits
The Bank sets trading limits that are consistent with the approved business strategy for each business and its tolerance for the associated market risk, aligned to its market risk appetite. In setting limits, the Bank takes into account market volatility, market liquidity, organizational experience, and business strategy. Limits are prescribed at the Wholesale Banking level in aggregate, as well as at more granular levels.
The core market risk limits are based on the key risk drivers in the business and includes notional, credit spread, yield curve shift, price, and volatility limits.
Another primary measure of trading limits is VaR, which the Bank uses to monitor and control overall risk levels and to calculate the regulatory capital required for market risk in trading activities. VaR measures the adverse impact that potential changes in market rates and prices could have on the value of a portfolio over a specified period of time.
At the end of each day, risk positions are compared with risk limits, and any excesses are reported in accordance with established market risk policies and procedures.
Calculating VaR
The Bank computes total VaR on a daily basis by combining the General Market Risk (GMR) and Idiosyncratic Debt Specific Risk (IDSR) associated with the Bank’s trading positions.
GMR is determined by creating a distribution of potential changes in the market value of the current portfolio using historical simulation. The Bank values the current portfolio using the market price and rate changes of the most recent 259 trading days for equity, interest rate, foreign exchange, credit, and commodity products. GMR is computed as the threshold level that portfolio losses are not expected to exceed more than one out of every 100 trading days. A
one-day
holding period is used for GMR calculation, which is scaled up to ten days for regulatory capital calculation purposes.
IDSR measures idiosyncratic (single-name) credit spread risk for credit exposures in the trading portfolio using Monte Carlo simulation. The IDSR model is based on the historical behaviour of five-year idiosyncratic credit spreads. Similar to GMR, IDSR is computed as the threshold level that portfolio losses are not expected to exceed more than one out of every 100 trading days. IDSR is measured for a
ten-day
holding period.
The following graph discloses daily
one-day
VaR usage and trading net revenue, reported on a taxable equivalent basis, within Wholesale Banking. Trading net revenue includes trading income and net interest income related to positions within the Bank’s market risk capital trading books. For the year ending October 31, 2021, there were 16 days of trading losses and trading net revenue was positive for 94% of the trading days, reflecting normal trading activity. Losses in the year did not exceed
 
VaR on any trading day.
 
 
 
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•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 70

VaR is a valuable risk measure but it should be used in the context of its limitations, for example:
 
•
 
VaR uses historical data to estimate future events, which limits its forecasting abilities;
 
•
 
it does not provide information on losses beyond the selected confidence level; and
 
•
 
it assumes that all positions can be liquidated during the holding period used for VaR calculation.
The Bank continuously improves its VaR methodologies and incorporates new risk measures in line with market conventions, industry best practices, and regulatory requirements. In 2021, the Bank implemented infrastructure enhancements to its interest rate VaR modelling.
To mitigate some of the shortcomings of VaR, the Bank uses additional metrics designed for risk management and capital purposes. These include Stressed VaR, Incremental Risk Charge (IRC), Stress Testing Framework, as well as limits based on the sensitivity to various market risk factors.
Calculating Stressed VaR (SVaR)
In addition to VaR, the Bank also calculates Stressed VaR, which includes Stressed GMR and Stressed IDSR. Stressed VaR is designed to measure the adverse impact that potential changes in market rates and prices could have on the value of a portfolio over a specified period of stressed market conditions. Stressed VaR is determined using similar techniques and assumptions in GMR and IDSR VaR. However, instead of using the most recent 259 trading days (one year), the Bank uses a selected year of stressed market conditions. In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, Stressed VaR was calculated using the
one-year
period that includes the 2008 financial crisis. The appropriate historical
one-year
period to use for Stressed VaR is determined on a quarterly basis. Stressed VaR is a part of regulatory capital requirements.
Calculating the Incremental Risk Charge
The IRC is applied to all instruments in the trading book subject to migration and default risk. Migration risk represents the risk of changes in the credit ratings of the Bank’s exposures. The Bank applies a Monte Carlo simulation with a
one-year
horizon and a 99.9% confidence level to determine IRC, which is consistent with regulatory requirements. IRC is based on a “constant level of risk” assumption, which requires banks to assign a liquidity horizon to positions that are subject to IRC. IRC is a part of regulatory capital requirements.
The following table presents the end of year, average, high, and low usage of TD’s portfolio metrics
.
 TABLE 44:  PORTFOLIO MARKET RISK MEASURES
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
2021
 
     2020  
     
As at
   
Average
   
High
    
Low
     As at     Average     High      Low  
Interest rate risk
  
$
      11.9
 
 
$
      15.7
 
 
$
      33.5
 
  
$
        6.8
 
   $       20.6     $       19.1     $       36.8      $         7.6  
Credit spread risk
  
 
9.0
 
 
 
14.7
 
 
 
37.2
 
  
 
5.4
 
     37.3       35.1       109.3        6.9  
Equity risk
  
 
9.2
 
 
 
9.5
 
 
 
14.1
 
  
 
6.0
 
     12.0       12.7       42.8        3.5  
Foreign exchange risk
  
 
1.8
 
 
 
1.9
 
 
 
5.3
 
  
 
0.4
 
     4.0       3.9       10.4        0.9  
Commodity risk
  
 
4.7
 
 
 
4.7
 
 
 
9.4
 
  
 
1.9
 
     3.8       3.7       7.9        1.2  
Idiosyncratic debt specific risk
  
 
19.4
 
 
 
26.2
 
 
 
41.9
 
  
 
16.5
 
     48.9       37.0       69.5        10.9  
                 
Diversification effect
1
  
 
(32.9
) 
 
 
(42.8
) 
 
 
n/m
2
 
  
 
n/m
 
     (75.2 )      (64.9 )      n/m        n/m  
Total
Value-at-Risk
(one-day)
  
 
23.1
 
 
 
29.9
 
 
 
44.7
 
  
 
20.6
 
     51.4       46.6       118.8        15.1  
Stressed
Value-at-Risk
(one-day)
  
 
63.9
 
 
 
39.5
 
 
 
63.9
 
  
 
28.5
 
     49.5       57.4       126.9        31.3  
Incremental Risk Capital Charge
(one-year)
  
 
338.3
 
 
 
349.5
 
 
 
424.3
 
  
 
265.1
 
     301.6       325.2       482.9        164.8  
 
    1
  
The aggregate VaR is less than the sum of the VaR of the different risk types due to risk offsets resulting from portfolio diversification.
    2
  
Not meaningful. It is not meaningful to compute a diversification effect because the high and low may occur on different days for different risk types.
Global
roll-out
of
COVID-19
vaccines, gradual relaxation of lockdowns and continued support from regulators resulted in the stabilization of global markets in 2021 and decreased market risk due to decreases in price volatility experienced across all asset classes. Key factors impacting VaR models during the period were credit spread narrowing and new scenario shocks rolling out of the most recent
259-day
trading window. As a result of these factors, VaR gradually decreased and stabilized after the second quarter of 2021.
The Bank has effectively managed market risk by maintaining stable risk exposures, with daily VaR remaining well within approved limits during the year.
Average VaR decreased year over year due to markets stabilizing and
COVID-19
related VaR scenarios dropping out of the
one-year
range of the historical VaR period. Average Stressed VaR decreased year over year driven by credit spread tightening and lower volatility in equity markets, as well as changes in risk exposures.
Average IRC increased year over year driven by widening credit spreads impacting Government and Corporate bond positions.
Validation of VaR Model
The Bank uses a back-testing process to compare the actual and theoretical profit and losses to VaR to verify that they are consistent with the statistical results of the VaR model. The theoretical profit or loss is generated using the daily price movements on the assumption that there is no change in the composition of the portfolio. Validation of the IRC model must follow a different approach since the
one-year
horizon and 99.9% confidence level preclude standard back-testing techniques. Instead, key parameters of the IRC model such as transition and correlation matrices are subject to independent validation by benchmarking against external study results or through analysis using internal or external data.
Stress Testing
The Bank’s trading business is subject to an overall global stress test limit. In addition, global businesses have stress test limits, and each broad risk class has an overall stress test threshold. Stress scenarios are designed to model extreme economic events, replicate worst-case historical experiences, or introduce severe, but plausible, hypothetical changes in key market risk factors. The stress testing program includes scenarios developed using actual historical market data during periods of market disruption, in addition to hypothetical scenarios developed by Risk Management. The events the Bank has modelled include the 1987 equity market crash, the 1998 Russian debt default crisis, the aftermath of September 11, 2001, the 2007 ABCP crisis, the credit crisis of Fall 2008, the Brexit referendum of June 2016, and the
COVID-19
pandemic of 2020.
Stress tests are produced and reviewed regularly with the Market Risk Control Committee.
MARKET RISK IN OTHER WHOLESALE BANKING ACTIVITIES
The Bank is also exposed to market risk arising from its investment portfolio and other
non-trading
portfolios. Risk Management reviews and approves policies and procedures, which are established to monitor, measure, and mitigate these risks.
 
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•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 7
1

Structural
(Non-Trading)
Market Risk
Structural
(Non-Trading)
Market Risk deals with managing the market risks of TD’s traditional banking activities. This generally reflects the market risks arising from personal and commercial banking products (loans and deposits) as well as related funding, investments and high-quality liquid assets (HQLA). It does not include exposures from TD’s Wholesale Banking or Insurance businesses. Structural market risks primarily include interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk.
WHO MANAGES STRUCTURAL
(NON-TRADING)
MARKET RISK
The TBSM group measures and manages the market risks of the Bank’s
non-trading
banking activities outside of Wholesale Banking, with oversight from the ALCO. The Market Risk Control function provides independent oversight, governance, and control over these market risks. The Risk Committee periodically reviews and approves key
non-trading
market risk policies and receives reports on compliance with approved risk limits.
HOW TD MANAGES STRUCTURAL
(NON-TRADING)
MARKET RISK
Non-trading
interest rate risk is viewed as a
non-productive
risk as it has the potential to increase earnings volatility and generate losses without providing long run expected value. As a result, TBSM’s mandate is to structure the asset and liability positions of the balance sheet in order to achieve a target profile that controls the impact of changes in interest rates on the Bank’s net interest income and economic value to be consistent with the Bank’s risk appetite.
Managing Structural Interest Rate Risk
Interest rate risk is the impact that changes in interest rates could have on the Bank’s margins, earnings, and economic value. Interest rate risk management is designed to generate stable and predictable earnings over time. The Bank has adopted a disciplined hedging approach to manage the net interest income from its asset and liability positions. Key aspects of this approach are:
  •  
Evaluating and managing the impact of rising or falling interest rates on net interest income and economic value, and developing strategies to manage overall sensitivity to rates across varying interest rate scenarios;
  •  
Modelling the expected impact of customer behaviour on TD’s products (e.g., how actively customers exercise embedded options, such as prepaying a loan or redeeming a deposit before its maturity date);
  •  
Assigning target-modelled maturity profiles for
non-maturity
assets, liabilities, and equity;
  •  
Measuring the margins of TD’s banking products on a fully-hedged basis, including the impact of financial options that are granted to customers; and
  •  
Developing and implementing strategies to stabilize net interest income from all retail and commercial banking products.
The Bank is exposed to interest rate risk from “mismatched positions” when asset and liability principal and interest cash flows have different interest payment, repricing or maturity dates. The Bank measures this risk based on an assessment of: contractual cash flows, product embedded optionality, customer behaviour expectations and the modelled maturity profiles for
non-maturity
products. To manage this risk, the Bank primarily uses financial derivatives, wholesale investments, funding instruments, and other capital market alternatives.
The Bank also measures its exposure to
non-maturity
liabilities, such as core deposits, by assessing interest rate elasticity and balance permanence using historical data and business judgment. Fluctuations of
non-maturity
deposits can occur because of factors such as interest rate movements, equity market movements, and changes to customer liquidity preferences.
Banking product optionality, whether from freestanding options such as mortgage rate commitments or options embedded within loans and deposits, expose the Bank to a significant financial risk. To manage these exposures, the Bank purchases options or uses a dynamic hedging process designed to replicate the payoff of a purchased option.
  •  
Rate Commitments
: The Bank measures its exposure from freestanding mortgage rate commitment options using an expected funding profile based on historical experience. Customers’ propensity to fund, and their preference for fixed or floating rate mortgage products, is influenced by factors such as market mortgage rates, house prices, and seasonality.
  •  
Asset Prepayment and other Embedded Options
: The Bank models its exposure to written options embedded in other products, such as the right to prepay residential mortgage loans, based on analysis of customer behaviour. Econometric models are used to model prepayments and the effects of prepayment behaviour to the Bank. In general mortgage prepayments are also affected by factors, such as mortgage age, house prices, and GDP growth. The combined impacts from these parameters are also assessed to determine a core liquidation speed which is independent of market incentives. A similar analysis is undertaken for other products with embedded optionality.
Structural Interest Rate Risk Measures
The primary measures for this risk are Economic Value of Shareholders’ Equity (EVE) Sensitivity and Net Interest Income Sensitivity (NIIS).
The EVE Sensitivity measures the impact of a specified interest rate shock to the net present value of the Bank’s banking book assets, liabilities, and certain
off-balance
sheet items. It reflects a measurement of the potential present value impact on shareholders’ equity without an assumed term profile for the management of the Bank’s own equity and excludes product margins.
The NIIS measures the NII change over a twelve-month horizon for a specified change in interest rates for banking book assets, liabilities, and certain
off-balance
sheet items assuming a constant balance sheet over the period.
The Bank’s Market Risk policy sets overall limits on the structural interest rate risk measures. These limits are periodically reviewed and approved by the Risk Committee. In addition to the Board policy limits, book-level risk limits for the Bank’s management of
non-trading
interest rate risk are set by Risk Management. Exposures against these limits are routinely monitored and reported, and breaches of the Board limits, if any, are escalated to both the ALCO and the Risk Committee.
 
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•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 7
2

The following table shows the potential
before-tax
impact of an immediate and sustained 100 bps increase or decrease in interest rates on the Bank’s EVE and NII. Interest rate floors are applied by currency to the decrease in rates such that they do not exceed expected lower bounds, with the most material currencies set to a floor of
-25
bps.
 
TABLE 45:  STRUCTURAL INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY MEASURES
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
                                          
 
As at
 
    
 
October 31, 2021
 
    October 31, 2020  
    
 
EVE
Sensitivity
 
 
 
 
NII
1
Sensitivity
 
 
   
EVE
Sensitivity
 
 
    NII
Sensitivity
 
 
     
Canada
   
U.S.
   
Total
   
Canada
   
U.S.
   
Total
    Total     Total  
Before-tax
impact of
                                                                
100 bps increase in rates
  
$
75
 
 
$
    (1,443
) 
 
$
    (1,368
) 
 
$
872
 
 
$
    985
 
 
$
1,857
 
  $ (1,876 )    $ 1,926  
100 bps decrease in rates
  
 
(189
) 
 
 
527
 
 
 
338
 
 
 
(663
) 
 
 
(438
) 
 
 
(1,101
) 
    277       (872 ) 
 
1
 
Represents the twelve-month NII exposure to an immediate and sustained shock in rates.
As at October 31, 2021, an immediate and sustained 100 bps increase in interest rates would have had a negative impact to the Bank’s EVE of $1,368 million, a decrease of $508 million from last year, and a positive impact to the Bank’s NII of $1,857 million, a decrease of $69 million from last year. An immediate and sustained 100 bps decrease in interest rates would have had a positive impact to the Bank’s EVE of $338 million, an increase of $61 million from last year, and a negative impact to the Bank’s NII of $1,101 million, an increase of $229 million from last year. The year-over-year decrease in up shock EVE Sensitivity is primarily due to decreased sensitivity from loan optionality in the U.S. region and a positive impact from foreign currency translation. The year-over-year increase in down shock NIIS is primarily due to an increase in the effective shock given the increased level of interest rates and the measurement using a
-25
bps floor. This change was also partially offset by deposit hedging activities. As at October 31, 2021, reported EVE and NII Sensitivities remain within the Bank’s risk appetite and established Board limits.
Managing
Non-trading
Foreign Exchange Risk
Foreign exchange risk refers to losses that could result from changes in foreign-currency exchange rates. Assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies create foreign exchange risk.
The Bank is exposed to
non-trading
foreign exchange risk primarily from its investments in foreign operations. When the Bank’s foreign currency assets are greater or less than its liabilities in that currency, they create a foreign currency open position. An adverse change in foreign exchange rates can impact the Bank’s reported net income and shareholders’ equity, and also its capital ratios.
In order to minimize the impact of an adverse foreign exchange rate change on certain capital ratios, the Bank’s net investments in foreign operations are hedged so certain capital ratios change by no more than an acceptable amount for a given change in foreign exchange rates. The Bank does not generally hedge the earnings of foreign subsidiaries which results in changes to the Bank’s consolidated earnings when relevant foreign exchange rates change.
Other
Non-Trading
Market Risks
Other structural market risks monitored on a regular basis include:
  •  
Basis Risk
– The Bank is exposed to risks related to the difference in various market indices.
  •  
Equity Risk
–
The Bank is exposed to equity risk through its equity-linked guaranteed investment certificate product offering. The exposure is managed by purchasing options to replicate the equity payoff. The Bank is also exposed to
non-trading
equity price risk primarily from its share-based compensation plans where certain employees are awarded share units equivalent to the Bank’s common shares as compensation for services provided to the Bank. These share units are recorded as a liability over the vesting period and revalued at each reporting period until settled in cash. Changes in the Bank’s share price can impact
non-interest
expenses. The Bank uses derivative instruments to manage its
non-trading
equity price risk. In addition, the Bank is exposed to equity risk from investment securities designated at FVOCI.
Managing Investment Portfolios
The Bank manages a securities portfolio that is integrated into the overall asset and liability management process. The securities portfolio is comprised of high-quality,
low-risk
securities and managed in a manner appropriate to the attainment of the following goals: (1) to generate a targeted credit of funds to deposits balances that are in excess of loan balances; (2) to provide a sufficient pool of liquid assets to meet deposit and loan fluctuations and overall liquidity management objectives; (3) to provide eligible securities to meet collateral and cash management requirements; and (4) to manage the target interest rate risk profile of the balance sheet. The Risk Committee reviews and approves the Enterprise Investment Policy that sets out limits for the Bank’s investment portfolio. In addition, the Wholesale Banking and Insurance businesses also hold investments that are managed separately.
WHY NET INTEREST MARGIN FLUCTUATES OVER TIME
As previously noted, the Bank’s approach to structural
(non-trading)
market risk is designed to generate stable and predictable earnings over time, regardless of cash flow mismatches and the exercise of options granted to customers. This approach also creates margin certainty on loan and deposit profitability as they are booked. Despite this approach however, the Bank’s NIM is subject to change over time for the following reasons (among others):
  •  
Differences in margins earned on new and renewing products relative to the margin previously earned on matured products;
  •  
The weighted-average margin will shift as the mix of business changes;
  •  
Changes in the basis between various benchmark rates (e.g. Prime, CDOR, or LIBOR);
  •  
The lag in changing product prices in response to changes in wholesale interest rates;
  •  
Changes from the repricing of hedging strategies to manage the investment profile of the Bank’s
non-rate
sensitive deposits; and
  •  
Margin changes from the portion of the Bank’s deposits that are
non-rate
sensitive but not expected to be longer term in nature, resulting in a shorter term investment profile and higher sensitivity to short term rates.
The general level of interest rates will affect the return the Bank generates on its modelled maturity profile for core
non-rate
sensitive deposits and the investment profile for its net equity position as it evolves over time. The general level of interest rates is also a key driver of some modelled option exposures, and will affect the cost of hedging such exposures. The Bank’s approach to managing these factors tends to moderate their impact over time, resulting in a more stable and predictable earnings stream.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 7
3

Operational Risk
Operational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes or technology or from human activities or from external events. This definition includes legal risk but excludes strategic and reputational risk.
Operational risk is inherent in all of the Bank’s business activities, including the practices and controls used to manage other risks such as credit, market, and liquidity risk. Failure to manage operational risk can result in financial loss (direct or indirect), reputational harm, or regulatory censure and penalties.
The Bank seeks to actively mitigate and manage operational risk in order to create and sustain shareholder value, successfully execute the Bank’s business strategies, operate efficiently, and provide reliable, secure, and convenient access to financial services. The Bank maintains a formal enterprise-wide operational risk management framework that emphasizes a strong risk management and internal control culture throughout TD.
In fiscal 2021, operational risk losses remained within the Bank’s risk appetite. Refer to Note 27 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements for further information on material legal or regulatory actions.
WHO MANAGES OPERATIONAL RISK
Operational Risk Management is an independent function that owns and maintains the Bank’s Operational Risk Management Framework. This framework sets out the enterprise-wide gov
e
rnance processes, policies, and practices to identify and assess, measure, control, monitor, escalate, report, and communicate on operational risk. Operational Risk Management is designed to provide appropriate monitoring and reporting of the Bank’s operational risk profile and exposures to senior management through the OROC, the ERMC, and the Risk Committee.
In addition to the framework, Operational Risk Management owns and maintains, or has oversight of the Bank’s operational risk policies including those that govern business continuity and crisis management, third-party management, data management, financial crime and fraud management, project management, and technology and cyber security management.
The senior management of individual business units and corporate areas is responsible for the
day-to-day
management of operational risk following the Bank’s established operational risk management framework and policies and the three lines of defence model. An independent risk management oversight function supports each business segment and corporate area, and monitors and challenges the implementation and use of the operational risk management framework programs according to the nature and scope of the operational risks inherent in the area. The senior executives in each business unit and corporate area participate in a Risk Management Committee that oversees operational risk management issues and initiatives.
Ultimately, every employee has a role to play in managing operational risk. In addition to policies and procedures guiding employee activities, training is available to all staff regarding specific types of operational risks and their role in helping to protect the interests and assets of the Bank.
HOW TD MANAGES OPERATIONAL RISK
The Operational Risk Management Framework outlines the internal risk and control structure to manage operational risk and includes the operational risk appetite, governance processes, and policies. The Operational Risk Management Framework supports alignment with the Bank’s ERF and risk appetite. The framework incorporates sound industry practices and m
e
ets regulatory requirements. Key components of the framework include:
Governance and Policy
Management reporting and organizational structures emphasize accountability, ownership, and effective oversight of each business unit and each corporate area’s operational risk exposures. In addition, the expectations of the Risk Committee and senior management for managing operational risk are set out by enterprise-wide policies and practices.
Risk and Control Self-Assessment
Internal controls are one of the primary methods of safeguarding the Bank’s employees, customers, assets, and information, and in preventing and detecting errors and fraud. Management undertakes comprehensive assessments of key risk exposures and the internal controls in place to reduce or offset these risks. Senior management reviews the results of these evaluations to determine that risk management and internal controls are effective, appropriate, and compliant with the Bank’s policies.
Operational Risk Event Monitoring
In order to reduce the Bank’s exposure to future loss, it is critical that the Bank remains aware of and responds to its own and industry operational risks. The Bank’s policies and processes require that operational risk events be identified, tracked, and reported to the appropriate level of management to facilitate the Bank’s analysis and management of its risks and inform the assessment of suitable corrective and preventative action. The Bank also reviews, analyzes, and benchmarks itself against operational risk losses that have occurred at other financial institutions using information acquired through recognized industry data providers.
Scenario Analysis
Scenario Analysis is a systematic and repeatable process of obtaining expert business and risk opinion to derive assessments of the likelihood and potential loss estimates of high impact operational events that are unexpected and outside the normal course of business. The Bank applies this practice to meet risk measurement and risk management objectives. The process includes the use of relevant external operational loss event data that is assessed considering the Bank’s operational risk profile and control structure. The program raises awareness and educates business owners regarding existing and emerging risks, which may result in the identification and implementation of new scenarios and risk mitigation action plans to minimize tail risk.
Risk Reporting
Risk Management, in partnership with senior management, regularly monitors risk-related measures and the risk profile throughout the Bank to report to senior business management and the Risk Committee. Operational risk measures are systematically tracked, assessed, and reported to promote management accountability and direct the appropriate level of attention to current and emerging issues.
Insurance
TD’s Corporate Insurance team, with oversight from TD Risk Management, utilizes insurance and other risk transfer arrangements to mitigate and reduce potential future losses related to operational risk. Risk Management includes oversight of the effective use of insurance aligned with the Bank’s risk
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 7
4

management strategy and risk appetite. Insurance terms and provisions, including types and amounts of coverage, are regularly assessed so that the Bank’s tolerance for risk and, where applicable, statutory requirements are satisfied. The management process includes conducting regular
in-depth
risk and financial analysis and identifying opportunities to transfer elements of the Bank’s risk to third parties where appropriate. The Bank transacts with external insurers that satisfy its minimum financial rating requirements.
Technology and Cyber Security
Virtually all aspects of the Bank’s business and operations use technology and information to create and support new markets, competitive products, delivery channels, as well as other business operations and opportunities.
The Bank manages these risks to support adequate and proper
day-to-day
op
e
rations; and protect against unauthorized access of the Bank’s technology, infrastructure, systems, information, or data. To enable this, the Bank actively monitors, manages, and continues to enhance its ability to mitigate these technology and cyber security risks through enterprise-wide programs and industry-accepted cyber threat management practices to enable rapid detection and response.
The Bank’s Cybersecurity Subcommittee provides dedicated senior executive oversight, direction and guidance regarding management of risks relating to cybersecurity, including cyber terrorism and activism, cyber fraud, cyber espionage, ransomware extortion, identity theft and data theft. The Cybersecurity Subcommittee endorses actions and makes recommendations to the CEO and the ERMC as appropriate, including in some instances, supporting onward recommendations to the Risk Committee. Together with the Bank’s operational risk management framework, technology and cyber security programs also include enhanced resiliency planning and testing, as well as disciplined change management practices.
Data Management
The Bank’s data assets are governed and managed to preserve value and support business objectives. Inconsistent or inadequate data governance and management practices may compromise the Bank’s data and information assets which could result in financial and reputational impacts. The Bank’s Enterprise Data Governance Office, Corporate and Technology partners develop and implement enterprise-wide standards and practices that describe how data and information assets are created, used, or maintained on behalf of the Bank.
Business Continuity and Crisis Management
The Bank maintains an enterprise-wide Business Continuity and Crisis Management Program that supports management’s ability to operate the Bank’s businesses and operations (including providing customers access to products and services) in the event of a business disruption incident. All areas of the Bank are required to maintain and regularly test business continuity plans to maintain resilience and facilitate the continuity and recovery of business operations. The Bank’s Program is supported by formal crisis management measures so that the appropriate level of leadership, oversight and management is applied to incidents affecting the Bank.
Third-Party Management
A third-party supplier/vendor is an entity that supplies products, services or other business activities, functions or processes to or on behalf of the Bank. While these relationships bring benefits to the Bank’s businesses and customers, the Bank also needs to manage and minimize any risks related to the activity. The Bank does this through an enterprise third-party risk management program that is designed to manage third-party activities throughout the life cycle of an arrangement and provide a level of risk management and senior management oversight which is appropriate to the size, risk, and criticality of the third-party arrangement.
Change Delivery/Project Management
The Bank has established a disciplined approach to delivering change across the enterprise coordinated by the Enterprise Project Delivery Excellence group. This approach involves senior management governance and oversight of the Bank’s change portfolio and leverages leading industry practices to guide the Bank’s use of a standardized delivery methodology, defined accountabilities and capabilities, and portfolio reporting and management tools to support successful delivery.
Fraud Management
The Bank develops and implements enterprise-wide fraud management strategies, policies, and practices that are designed to minimize the number, size and scope of fraudulent activities perpetrated against it. The Bank employs prevention, detection and monitoring capabilities across the enterprise that are designed to help protect customers, shareholders, and employees from increasingly sophisticated fraud risk. Fraud risk is managed by establishing and communicating appropriate policies, procedures, employee education in fraud risks, and monitoring activity to help maintain adherence to the Fraud Risk Management Framework. The Fraud Risk Framework describes the governance, policies, and processes that TD’s businesses employ to proactively manage and govern fraud risk within TD’s risk appetite which is embedded in the Bank’s day to day operations and culture.
Operational Risk Capital Measurement
The Bank’s operational risk capital is determined using the Basel II Standardized Approach (TSA). Under this approach, the Bank applies prescribed factors to a three-year average of annual gross income for each of eight different business lines representing the different activities of the institution such as Retail Banking, Commercial Banking, and Asset Management.
Model Risk
Model risk is the potential for adverse consequences arising from decisions based on incorrect or misused models and other estimation approaches and their outputs. It can lead to financial loss, reputational risk, or incorrect business and strategic decisions.
WHO MANAGES MODEL RISK
Primary accountability for the management of model risk resides with the senior management of individual businesses with respect to the models they use. The Model Risk Governance Committee provides oversight of governance, risk, and control matters, by providing a platform to guide, challenge, and advise decision makers and model owners in model risk related matters. Model Risk Management monitors and reports on existing and emerging model risks, and provides periodic assessments to senior management, Risk Management, the Risk Committee, and regulators on the state of model risk at TD and alignment with the Bank’s Model Risk Appetite. The Risk Committee approves the Bank’s Model Risk Management Framework and Model Risk Policy.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 7
5

HOW TD MANAGES MODEL RISK
The Bank manages model risk in accordance with management approved model risk policies and supervisory guidance which encompass the life cycle of a model, including proof of concept, development, validation, implementation, usage, and ongoing model monitoring. The Bank’s Model Risk Management Framework also captures key processes that may be partially or wholly qualitative, or based on expert judgment.
Business segments identify the need for a new model or process and are responsible for model development and documentation according to the Bank’s policies and standards. During model development, controls with respect to code generation, acceptance testing, and usage are established and documented to a level of detail and comprehensiveness matching the materiality and complexity of the model. Once models are implemented, business owners are responsible for ongoing monitoring and usage in accordance with the Bank’s Model Risk Policy. In cases where a model is deemed obsolete or unsuitable for its originally intended purposes, it is decommissioned in accordance with the Bank’s policies.
Model Risk Management and Model Validation provide oversight, maintain a centralized inventory of all models as defined in the Bank’s Model Risk Policy, validate and approve new and existing models on a
pre-determined
schedule depending on model complexity, materiality and criticality, set model monitoring standards, and provide training to all stakeholders. The validation process varies in rigour, depending on the model risk rating, but at a minimum contains a detailed determination of:
•  
the conceptual soundness of model methodologies and underlying quantitative and qualitative assumptions;
•  
the risk associated with a model based on complexity, materiality and criticality;
•  
the sensitivity of a model to model assumptions and changes in data inputs including stress testing; and
•  
the limitations of a model and the compensating risk mitigation mechanisms in place to address the limitations.
When appropriate, validation includes a benchmarking exercise which may include the building of an independent model based on an alternative modelling approach. The results of the benchmark model are compared to the model being assessed to validate the appropriateness of the model’s methodology and its use. As with traditional model approaches, machine-learning models are also subject to the same rigorous standards and risk management practices.
At the conclusion of the validation process, a model will either be approved for use or will be rejected and require redevelopment or other courses of action. Models identified as obsolete or no longer appropriate for use through changes in industry practice, the business environment, or Bank strategies are subject to decommissioning.
The Bank has policies and procedures in place designed to properly discern models from
non-models
so that the level of independent challenge and oversight corresponds to the materiality and complexity of models.
 
Insurance Risk
Insurance risk is the risk of financial loss due to actual experience emerging differently from expectations in insurance product pricing and/or design, underwriting and, claims or reserving either at the inception of an insurance contract, during the lifecycle of the claim or at the valuation date. Unfavourable experience could emerge due to adverse fluctuations in timing, actual size, and/or frequency of claims (for example, driven by
non-life
premium risk,
non-life
reserving risk, catastrophic risk, mortality risk, morbidity risk, and longevity risk), policyholder behaviour, or associated expenses.
Insurance contracts provide financial protection by transferring insured risks to the issuer in exchange for premiums. The Bank is engaged in insurance businesses relating to property and casualty insurance, life and health insurance, and reinsurance, through various subsidiaries; it is through these businesses that the Bank is exposed to insurance risk.
WHO MANAGES INSURANCE RISK
Senior management within the insurance business units has primary responsibility for managing insurance risk with oversight by the CRO for Insurance, who reports into Risk Management. The Audit Committee acts as the Audit and Conduct Review Committee for the Canadian insurance company subsidiaries. The insurance company subsidiaries also have their own boards of directors who provide additional risk management oversight.
HOW TD MANAGES INSURANCE RISK
The Bank’s risk governance practices are designed to support independent oversight and control of risk within the insurance business. The TD Insurance Risk Committee and its subcommittees provide critical oversight of the risk management activities within the insurance business and monitor compliance with insurance risk policies. The Bank’s Insurance Risk Management Framework and Insurance Risk Policy collectively outline the internal risk and control structure to manage insurance risk and include risk appetite, policies, processes, as well as limits and governance. These documents are maintained by Risk Management and support alignment with the Bank’s risk appetite for insurance risk.
The assessment of policy (premium and claims) liabilities is central to the insurance operation. The Bank establishes reserves to cover estimated future payments (including loss adjustment expenses) on all claims or terminations/surrenders of premium arising from insurance contracts underwritten. The reserves cannot be established with complete certainty, and represent management’s best estimate for future payments. As such, the Bank regularly monitors estimates against actual and emerging experience and adjusts reserves as appropriate if experience emerges differently than anticipated. Claim and premium liabilities are governed by the Bank’s general insurance and life and health reserving policies.
Sound product design is an essential element of managing risk. The Bank’s exposure to insurance risk is mostly short-term in nature as the principal underwriting risk relates to automobile and home insurance for individuals.
Insurance market cycles, as well as changes in insurance legislation, the regulatory environment, judicial environment, trends in court awards, climate patterns, pandemics or other applicable public health emergencies, and the economic environment may impact the performance of the insurance business. Consistent pricing policies and underwriting standards are maintained.
There is also exposure to concentration risk associated with general insurance and life and health coverage. Exposure to insurance risk concentration is managed through established underwriting guidelines, limits, and authorization levels that govern the acceptance of risk. Concentration of insurance risk is also mitigated through the purchase of reinsurance. The insurance business’ reinsurance programs are governed by catastrophe and reinsurance risk management policies.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 7
6

Strategies are in place to manage the risk to the Bank’s reinsurance business. Underwriting risk on business assumed is managed through a policy that limits exposure to certain types of business and countries. The vast majority of reinsurance treaties are annually renewable, which minimizes long-term risk. Pandemic exposure is reviewed and estimated annually within the reinsurance business to manage concentration risk.
Liquidity Risk
The risk of having insufficient cash or collateral to meet financial obligations and an inability to, in a timely manner, raise funding or monetize assets at a
non-distressed
price. Financial obligations can arise from deposit withdrawals, debt maturities, commitments to provide credit or liquidity support or the need to pledge additional collateral.
TD’S LIQUIDITY RISK APPETITE
The Bank maintains a prudent and disciplined approach to managing its potential exposure to liquidity risk. The Bank targets a
90-day
survival horizon under a combined bank-specific and market-wide stress scenario, and a minimum buffer over regulatory requirements prescribed by the OSFI LAR guidelines. Under the LAR guidelines, Canadian banks are required to maintain a Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) at the minimum of 100% other than during periods of financial stress and to maintain a Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) at the minimum of 100%. The Bank’s funding program emphasizes maximizing deposits as a core source of funding, and having ready access to wholesale funding markets across diversified terms, funding types, and currencies that is designed to ensure low exposure to a sudden contraction of wholesale funding capacity and to minimize structural liquidity gaps. The Bank also maintains a contingency funding plan to enhance preparedness for recovery from potential liquidity stress events. The Bank’s strategies and actions comprise an integrated liquidity risk management program that is designed to ensure low exposure to liquidity risk and compliance with regulatory requirements.
LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY
The Bank’s ALCO oversees the Bank’s liquidity risk management program. It ensures there are effective management structures and practices in place to properly measure and manage liquidity risk. The GLF, a subcommittee of the ALCO comprised of senior management from TBSM, Risk Management and Wholesale Banking, identifies and monitors the Bank’s liquidity risks. The management of liquidity risk is the responsibility of the SET member responsible for TBSM, while oversight and challenge is provided by the ALCO and independently by Risk Management. The Risk Committee regularly reviews the Bank’s liquidity position and approves the Bank’s Liquidity Risk Management Framework
bi-annually
and the related policies annually.
The Bank has established TDGUS as TD’s U.S. Intermediate Holding Company (IHC), as well as a Combined U.S. Operations (CUSO) reporting unit that consists of the IHC and TD’s U.S. branch and agency network. Both TDGUS and CUSO are managed to the U.S. Enhanced Prudential Standards liquidity requirements in addition to the Bank’s liquidity management framework.
The following areas are responsible for measuring, monitoring, and managing liquidity risks for major business segments:
 
•
 
Risk Management is responsible for maintaining the liquidity risk management policy and asset pledging policy, along with associated limits, standards, and processes which are established to ensure that consistent and efficient liquidity management approaches are applied across all of the Bank’s operations. Risk Management jointly owns the liquidity risk management framework along with the SET member responsible for TBSM. Enterprise Market Risk Control provides oversight of liquidity risk across the enterprise and provides independent risk assessment and effective challenge of liquidity risk management. Capital Markets Risk Management is responsible for independent liquidity risk metric reporting;
 
•
 
TBSM Liquidity Management manages the liquidity position of the Canadian Retail (including wealth businesses), Corporate, Wholesale Banking, and U.S. Retail segments, as well as the liquidity position of CUSO; and
 
•
 
Other regional operations, including those within TD’s insurance business, foreign branches, and/or subsidiaries are responsible for managing their liquidity risk in compliance with their own policies, and local regulatory requirements, while maintaining alignment with the enterprise framework.
HOW TD MANAGES LIQUIDITY RISK
The Bank manages the liquidity profile of its businesses to be within the defined liquidity risk appetite, and maintains target requirements for liquidity survivability using a combination of internal and regulatory measures. The Bank’s overall liquidity requirement is defined as the amount of liquid assets the Bank needs to hold to be able to cover expected future cash flow requirements, plus a prudent reserve against potential cash outflows in the event of a capital markets disruption or other events that could affect the Bank’s access to funding or destabilize its deposit base.
The Bank maintains an internal view for measuring and managing liquidity that uses an assumed Severe Combined Stress Scenario (SCSS). The SCSS considers potential liquidity requirements during a crisis resulting from a loss of confidence in the Bank’s ability to meet obligations as they come due. In addition to this bank-specific event, the SCSS also incorporates the impact of a stressed market-wide liquidity event that results in a significant reduction in the availability of funding for all institutions and a decrease in the marketability of assets. The Bank’s liquidity policy stipulates that the Bank must maintain a sufficient level of liquid assets to support business growth, and to cover identified stressed liquidity requirements under the SCSS, for a period of up to 90 days. The Bank calculates stressed liquidity requirements for the SCSS related to the following conditions:
 
•
 
wholesale funding maturing in the next 90 days (assumes maturing debt will be repaid instead of rolled over);
 
•
 
accelerated attrition or
“run-off”
of deposit balances;
 
•
 
increased utilization of available credit and liquidity facilities; and
 
•
 
increased collateral requirements associated with downgrades in the Bank’s credit ratings and adverse movement in reference rates for derivative and securities financing transactions.
The Bank also manages its liquidity to comply with the regulatory liquidity requirements in the OSFI LAR (the LCR, the NSFR, and the Net Cumulative Cash Flow (NCCF) monitoring tool). The LCR requires that banks maintain a minimum liquidity coverage of 100% over a
30-day
stress period, the NSFR requires that banks maintain available stable funding in excess of required stable funding for periods up to one year (a minimum NSFR of 100%), and the NCCF monitors the Bank’s detailed cash flow gaps for various time bands. As a result, the Bank’s liquidity is managed to the higher of its internal liquidity requirements and target buffers over the regulatory minimums.
The Bank considers potential regulatory restrictions on liquidity transferability in the calculation of enterprise liquidity positions. Accordingly, surplus liquidity domiciled in regulated subsidiaries may be excluded from consolidated liquidity positions as appropriate.
The Bank’s Funds Transfer Pricing process considers liquidity risk as a key determinant of the cost or credit of funds to the retail and wholesale banking businesses. Liquidity costs applied to loans and trading assets are determined based on the cash flow or stressed liquidity profile, while deposits are assessed based on the required liquidity reserves and balance stability. Liquidity costs are also applied to other contingent obligations like undrawn lines of credit provided to customers.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 7
7

LIQUID ASSETS
The unencumbered liquid assets the Bank holds to meet its liquidity requirements must be high-quality securities that the Bank believes can be monetized quickly in stress conditions with minimum loss in market value. The liquidity value of unencumbered liquid assets considers estimated market or trading depths, settlement timing, and/or other identified impediments to potential sale or pledging. Overall, the Bank expects any reduction in market value of its liquid asset portfolio to be modest given the underlying high credit quality and demonstrated liquidity.
Assets held by the Bank to meet liquidity requirements are summarized in the following tables. The tables do not include assets held within the Bank’s insurance businesses as these are used to support insurance-specific liabilities and capital requirements.
 
TABLE 46:  SUMMARY OF LIQUID ASSETS BY TYPE AND CURRENCY
1,2,3
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)           
As at
 
    
Bank-owned
liquid assets
    
Securities
received as
collateral from
securities
financing and
derivative
transactions
    
Total
liquid assets
    
% of
total
   
Encumbered
liquid assets
    
Unencumbered
liquid assets
 
     
October 31, 2021
 
Cash and central bank reserves
  
$
70,271
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
70,271
 
  
 
8
 % 
 
$
798
 
  
$
69,473
 
Canadian government obligations
  
 
26,176
 
  
 
92,825
 
  
 
119,001
 
  
 
14
 
 
 
83,456
 
  
 
35,545
 
National Housing Act Mortgage-Backed Securities (NHA MBS)
  
 
23,615
 
  
 
2
 
  
 
23,617
 
  
 
3
 
 
 
1,104
 
  
 
22,513
 
Obligations of provincial governments, public sector entities and multilateral development banks
4
  
 
30,213
 
  
 
24,808
 
  
 
55,021
 
  
 
6
 
 
 
37,142
 
  
 
17,879
 
Corporate issuer obligations
  
 
9,062
 
  
 
3,775
 
  
 
12,837
 
  
 
1
 
 
 
2,542
 
  
 
10,295
 
             
Equities
  
 
14,558
 
  
 
3,589
 
  
 
18,147
 
  
 
2
 
 
 
9,110
 
  
 
9,037
 
Total Canadian dollar-denominated
  
 
173,895
 
  
 
124,999
 
  
 
298,894
 
  
 
34
 
 
 
134,152
 
  
 
164,742
 
Cash and central bank reserves
  
 
84,956
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
84,956
 
  
 
10
 
 
 
120
 
  
 
84,836
 
U.S. government obligations
  
 
83,386
 
  
 
44,924
 
  
 
128,310
 
  
 
15
 
 
 
34,903
 
  
 
93,407
 
U.S. federal agency obligations, including U.S. federal agency mortgage-backed obligations
  
 
74,898
 
  
 
5,082
 
  
 
79,980
 
  
 
9
 
 
 
18,949
 
  
 
61,031
 
Obligations of other sovereigns, public sector entities and multilateral development banks
4
  
 
63,400
 
  
 
60,623
 
  
 
124,023
 
  
 
14
 
 
 
57,530
 
  
 
66,493
 
Corporate issuer obligations
  
 
79,108
 
  
 
3,143
 
  
 
82,251
 
  
 
9
 
 
 
10,268
 
  
 
71,983
 
             
Equities
  
 
41,961
 
  
 
33,280
 
  
 
75,241
 
  
 
9
 
 
 
38,077
 
  
 
37,164
 
             
Total
non-Canadian
dollar-denominated
  
 
427,709
 
  
$
147,052
 
  
$
574,761
 
  
 
66
 % 
 
$
159,847
 
  
$
414,914
 
Total
  
$
601,604
 
  
$
272,051
 
  
$
873,655
 
  
 
100
 % 
 
$
293,999
 
  
$
579,656
 
   
      October 31, 2020  
Cash and central bank reserves
   $ 94,640      $ –      $ 94,640        11  %    $ 1,689      $ 92,951  
Canadian government obligations
     39,008        83,258        122,266        14       80,934        41,332  
NHA MBS
     30,763        23        30,786        3       2,294        28,492  
Obligations of provincial governments, public sector entities and multilateral development banks
4
     22,999        24,441        47,440        6       34,990        12,450  
Corporate issuer obligations
     11,310        2,841        14,151        1       2,331        11,820  
             
Equities
     13,146        2,618        15,764        2       8,248        7,516  
Total Canadian dollar-denominated
     211,866        113,181        325,047        37       130,486        194,561  
Cash and central bank reserves
     69,183        –        69,183        8       51        69,132  
U.S. government obligations
     82,701        53,755        136,456        15       53,585        82,871  
U.S. federal agency obligations, including U.S. federal agency mortgage-backed obligations
     74,131        9,566        83,697        9       21,495        62,202  
Obligations of other sovereigns, public sector entities and multilateral development banks
4
     61,171        55,449        116,620        14       49,771        66,849  
Corporate issuer obligations
     78,238        2,108        80,346        9       8,297        72,049  
             
Equities
     31,258        38,684        69,942        8       36,716        33,226  
             
Total
non-Canadian
dollar-denominated
     396,682        159,562        556,244        63       169,915        386,329  
Total
   $     608,548      $     272,743      $     881,291        100  %    $     300,401      $     580,890  
 
    1
  
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
    
2
  
Positions stated include gross asset values pertaining to securities financing transactions.
    3
  
Liquid assets include collateral received that can be
re-hypothecated
or otherwise redeployed.
    4
  
Includes debt obligations issued or guaranteed by these entities.
Total unencumbered liquid assets declined $1.2
 
billion from October 31, 2020, without any material shifts in the liquid assets portfolio year-over-year. Unencumbered liquid assets are held in The Toronto-Dominion Bank and multiple domestic and foreign subsidiaries and branches and are summarized in the following table.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 7
8

 
TABLE 47:  SUMMARY OF UNENCUMBERED LIQUID ASSETS BY BANK, SUBSIDIARIES, AND BRANCHES
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)           
As at
 
     
October 31
2021
     October 31
2020
 
The Toronto-Dominion Bank (Parent)
  
$
204,543
 
   $ 230,369  
Bank subsidiaries
  
 
360,569
 
     334,308  
     
Foreign branches
  
 
14,544
 
     16,213  
Total
  
$
    579,656
 
   $     580,890  
The Bank’s monthly average liquid assets (excluding those held in insurance subsidiaries) for the years ended October 31, 2021, and October 31, 2020, are summarized in the following table.
 
TABLE 48:  SUMMARY OF AVERAGE LIQUID ASSETS BY TYPE AND CURRENCY
1,2,3
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
Average for the years ended
 
 
  
Bank-owned

liquid assets
 
  
Securities
received as
collateral from
securities
financing and
derivative
transactions
 
  
Total
liquid assets
 
  
% of
Total
 
 
Encumbered
liquid assets
 
  
Unencumbered
liquid assets
 
     
  
  
  
 
  
October 31, 2021
 
Cash and central bank reserves
  
$
82,308
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
82,308
 
  
 
10
 % 
 
$
1,204
 
  
$
81,104
 
Canadian government obligations
  
 
30,023
 
  
 
83,729
 
  
 
113,752
 
  
 
13
 
 
 
76,942
 
  
 
36,810
 
NHA MBS
  
 
26,657
 
  
 
8
 
  
 
26,665
 
  
 
3
 
 
 
2,048
 
  
 
24,617
 
Obligations of provincial governments, public sector entities and multilateral development banks
4
  
 
26,500
 
  
 
24,188
 
  
 
50,688
 
  
 
6
 
 
 
34,820
 
  
 
15,868
 
Corporate issuer obligations
  
 
8,392
 
  
 
3,373
 
  
 
11,765
 
  
 
1
 
 
 
2,658
 
  
 
9,107
 
             
Equities
  
 
14,575
 
  
 
3,795
 
  
 
18,370
 
  
 
2
 
 
 
10,449
 
  
 
7,921
 
             
Total Canadian dollar-denominated
  
 
188,455
 
  
 
115,093
 
  
 
303,548
 
  
 
35
 
 
 
128,121
 
  
 
175,427
 
Cash and central bank reserves
  
 
103,436
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
103,436
 
  
 
12
 
 
 
30
 
  
 
103,406
 
U.S. government obligations
  
 
67,427
 
  
 
49,317
 
  
 
116,744
 
  
 
13
 
 
 
45,680
 
  
 
71,064
 
U.S. federal agency obligations, including U.S. federal agency mortgage-backed obligations
  
 
71,426
 
  
 
5,304
 
  
 
76,730
 
  
 
9
 
 
 
17,032
 
  
 
59,698
 
Obligations of other sovereigns, public sector entities and multilateral development banks
4
  
 
63,312
 
  
 
58,483
 
  
 
121,795
 
  
 
14
 
 
 
54,825
 
  
 
66,970
 
Corporate issuer obligations
  
 
74,911
 
  
 
2,755
 
  
 
77,666
 
  
 
9
 
 
 
9,325
 
  
 
68,341
 
             
Equities
  
 
42,260
 
  
 
34,726
 
  
 
76,986
 
  
 
8
 
 
 
36,517
 
  
 
40,469
 
             
Total
non-Canadian
dollar-denominated
  
 
422,772
 
  
 
150,585
 
  
 
573,357
 
  
 
65
 
 
 
163,409
 
  
 
409,948
 
Total
  
$
611,227
 
  
$
265,678
 
  
$
876,905
 
  
 
100
 % 
 
$
291,530
 
  
$
585,375
 
     
  
  
  
 
  
October 31, 2020
 
Cash and central bank reserves
  
$
51,894
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
51,894
 
  
 
7
 % 
 
$
1,755
 
  
$
50,139
 
Canadian government obligations
  
 
27,938
 
  
 
80,484
 
  
 
108,422
 
  
 
14
 
 
 
66,335
 
  
 
42,087
 
NHA MBS
  
 
36,761
 
  
 
15
 
  
 
36,776
 
  
 
4
 
 
 
2,207
 
  
 
34,569
 
Obligations of provincial governments, public sector entities and multilateral development banks
4
  
 
20,495
 
  
 
25,586
 
  
 
46,081
 
  
 
6
 
 
 
34,365
 
  
 
11,716
 
Corporate issuer obligations
  
 
11,537
 
  
 
3,646
 
  
 
15,183
 
  
 
2
 
 
 
3,249
 
  
 
11,934
 
             
Equities
  
 
11,566
 
  
 
3,259
 
  
 
14,825
 
  
 
2
 
 
 
10,014
 
  
 
4,811
 
             
Total Canadian dollar-denominated
  
 
160,191
 
  
 
112,990
 
  
 
273,181
 
  
 
35
 
 
 
117,925
 
  
 
155,256
 
Cash and central bank reserves
  
 
63,235
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
63,235
 
  
 
8
 
 
 
40
 
  
 
63,195
 
U.S. government obligations
  
 
55,676
 
  
 
50,406
 
  
 
106,082
 
  
 
13
 
 
 
49,734
 
  
 
56,348
 
U.S. federal agency obligations, including U.S. federal agency mortgage-backed obligations
  
 
69,063
 
  
 
9,950
 
  
 
79,013
 
  
 
10
 
 
 
21,202
 
  
 
57,811
 
Obligations of other sovereigns, public sector entities and multilateral development banks
4
  
 
56,316
 
  
 
50,072
 
  
 
106,388
 
  
 
14
 
 
 
43,621
 
  
 
62,767
 
Corporate issuer obligations
  
 
83,132
 
  
 
2,005
 
  
 
85,137
 
  
 
11
 
 
 
7,520
 
  
 
77,617
 
             
Equities
  
 
35,914
 
  
 
35,264
 
  
 
71,178
 
  
 
9
 
 
 
37,253
 
  
 
33,925
 
             
Total
non-Canadian
dollar-denominated
  
 
363,336
 
  
 
147,697
 
  
 
511,033
 
  
 
65
 
 
 
159,370
 
  
 
351,663
 
Total
  
$
    523,527
 
  
$
    260,687
 
  
$
    784,214
 
  
 
100
 % 
 
$
    277,295
 
  
$
    506,919
 
 
1
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
2
Liquid assets include collateral received that can be
re-hypothecated
or otherwise redeployed.
3
Positions stated include gross asset values pertaining to securities financing transactions.
4
Includes debt obligations issued or guaranteed by these entities.
Average unencumbered liquid assets held in The Toronto-Dominion Bank and multiple domestic and foreign subsidiaries (excluding insurance subsidiaries) and branches are summarized in the following table.
 
TABLE 49:  SUMMARY OF AVERAGE UNENCUMBERED LIQUID ASSETS BY BANK, SUBSIDIARIES, AND BRANCHES
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
Average for the years ended
 
  
  
October 31, 2021
 
  
October 31, 2020
 
The Toronto-Dominion Bank (Parent)
  
$
    213,662
 
  
$
    194,726
 
Bank subsidiaries
  
 
347,779
 
  
 
290,573
 
     
Foreign branches
  
 
23,934
 
  
 
21,620
 
Total
  
$
585,375
 
  
$
506,919
 
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 
79

ASSET ENCUMBRANCE
In the course of the Bank’s
day-to-day
operations, assets are pledged to obtain funding, support trading and brokerage businesses, and participate in clearing and/or settlement systems. A summary of encumbered and unencumbered assets (excluding assets held in insurance subsidiaries) is presented in the following table to identify assets that are used or available for potential funding needs.
 
TABLE 50:  ENCUMBERED AND UNENCUMBERED ASSETS
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
As at
 
 
  
Total Assets
 
  
Encumbered
2
 
  
Unencumbered
 
  
  
Bank-owned

assets
 
  
Securities
received as
collateral from
securities
financing and
derivative
transactions
3
 
 
Total
Assets
 
  
Pledged as
Collateral
4
 
  
Other
5
 
  
Available as
Collateral
6
 
  
Other
7
 
 
  
October 31, 2021
 
Cash and due from banks
  
$
5,931
 
  
$
–
 
 
$
5,931
 
  
$
223
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
5,708
 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
  
 
159,962
 
  
 
–
 
 
 
159,962
 
  
 
6,478
 
  
 
102
 
  
 
150,262
 
  
 
3,120
 
Securities, trading loans, and other
8
  
 
509,549
 
  
 
354,874
 
 
 
864,423
 
  
 
355,391
 
  
 
12,433
 
  
 
474,164
 
  
 
22,435
 
Derivatives
  
 
54,427
 
  
 
–
 
 
 
54,427
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
54,427
 
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements
9
  
 
167,284
 
  
 
(167,284
) 
 
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
10
  
 
722,622
 
  
 
(17,337
) 
 
 
705,285
 
  
 
37,935
 
  
 
47,763
 
  
 
56,810
 
  
 
562,777
 
Customers’ liabilities under acceptances
  
 
18,448
 
  
 
–
 
 
 
18,448
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
18,448
 
               
Other assets
11
  
 
90,449
 
  
 
–
 
 
 
90,449
 
  
 
475
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
89,974
 
Total assets
  
$
    1,728,672
 
  
$
    170,253
 
 
$
    1,898,925
 
  
$
    400,502
 
  
$
    60,298
 
  
$
    681,236
 
  
$
    756,889
 
             
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
 
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
October 31, 2020
 
Total assets
  
$
1,715,865
 
  
$
151,950
 
 
$
1,867,815
 
  
$
393,439
 
  
$
74,188
 
  
$
686,464
 
  
$
713,724
 
 
1
Certain comparative amounts have been restated to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
2
Asset encumbrance has been analyzed on an individual asset basis. Where a particular asset has been encumbered and TD has holdings of the asset both
on-balance
sheet and
off-balance
sheet, for the purpose of this disclosure, the
on-
and
off-balance
sheet holdings are encumbered in alignment with the business practice.
3
Assets received as collateral through
off-balance
transactions such as reverse repurchase agreements, securities borrowing, margin loans, and other client activity.
4
Represents assets that have been posted externally to support the Bank’s
day-to-day
operations, including securities financing transactions, clearing and payments, and derivative transactions. Also includes assets that have been pledged supporting Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) activity.
5
Assets supporting TD’s long-term funding activities, assets pledged against securitization liabilities, and assets held by consolidated securitization vehicles or in pools for covered bond issuance.
6
Assets that are considered readily available in their current legal form to generate f
u
nding or support collateral needs. This category includes reported FHLB assets that remain unutilized and DSAC that are available for collateral purposes however not regularly utilized in practice.
7
Assets that cannot be used to support funding or collateral requirements in their current form. This category includes those assets that are potentially eligible as funding program collateral or for pledging to central banks (for example, CMHC insured mortgages that can be securitized into NHA MBS).
8
Securities include trading loans, securities,
non-trading
financial assets at FVTPL and other financial assets designated at FVTPL, securities at FVOCI, and DSAC.
9
Assets reported in the “Bank-owned assets” column represent the value of the loans extended and not the value of the collateral received. The loan value from the reverse repurchase transactions is deducted from the “Securities received as collateral from securities financing and derivative transactions” column to avoid double-counting with the
on-balance
sheet assets.
10
The loan value from the margin loans/client activity is deducted from the “Securities received as collateral from securities financing and derivative transactions” column to avoid double-counting with the
on-balance
sheet assets.
11
Other assets include investment in Schwab, goodwill, other intangibles, land, buildings, equipment, and other depreciable assets, deferred tax assets, amounts receivable from brokers, dealers, and clients, and other assets on the balance sheet not reported in the above categories.
LIQUIDITY STRESS TESTING AND CONTINGENCY FUNDING PLANS
In addition to the SCSS, the Bank performs liquidity stress testing on multiple alternate scenarios. These scenarios are a mix of
TD-specific
events and market-wide stress events designed to test the impact from risk factors material to the Bank’s risk profile. Liquidity assessments are also part of the Bank’s EWST program.
The Bank has liquidity contingency funding plans (CFP) in place at the overall Bank level and for subsidiaries operating in foreign jurisdictions (“Regional CFPs”). The Bank’s CFP provides a documented framework for managing unexpected liquidity situations and thus is an integral component of the Bank’s overall liquidity risk management program. It outlines different contingency levels based on the severity and duration of the liquidity situation, and identifies recovery actions appropriate for each level. For each recovery action, it provides key operational steps required to execute the action. Regional CFPs identify recovery actions to address region-specific stress events. The actions and governance structure outlined in the Bank’s CFP are aligned with the Bank’s Crisis Management Recovery Plan.
CREDIT RATINGS
Credit ratings impact the Bank’s borrowing costs and ability to raise funds. Rating downgrades could potentially result in higher financing costs, increased requirements to pledge collateral, reduced access to capital markets, and could also affect the Bank’s ability to enter into derivative transactions.
Credit ratings and outlooks provided by rating agencies reflect their views and are subject to change from
time-to-time,
based on a number of factors including the Bank’s financial strength, competitive position, and liquidity, as well as factors not entirely within the Bank’s control, including the methodologies used by rating agencies and conditions affecting the overall financial services industry.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
 
Page 80

TABLE 51:  CREDIT RATINGS
1
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
As at
 
   
 
  
October 31, 2021
 
       
  
  
Moody’s
 
  
S&P
 
  
DBRS
 
Deposits/Counterparty
2
  
 
Aa1
 
  
 
AA-
 
  
 
AA (high)
 
Legacy Senior Debt
3
  
 
Aa2
 
  
 
AA-
 
  
 
AA (high)
 
Senior Debt
4
  
 
A1
 
  
 
A
 
  
 
AA
 
Covered Bonds
  
 
Aaa
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
AAA
 
Subordinated Debt
  
 
A2
 
  
 
A
 
  
 
AA (low)
 
Subordinated Debt – NVCC
  
 
A2 (hyb)
 
  
 
A-
 
  
 
A
 
Preferred Shares – NVCC
  
 
Baa1 (hyb)
 
  
 
BBB
 
  
 
    Pfd-2 (high)
 
Limited Recourse Capital Notes – NVCC
  
 
Baa1 (hyb)
 
  
 
BBB
 
  
 
A (low)
 
Short-Term Debt (Deposits)
  
 
P-1
 
  
 
A-1+
 
  
 
R-1
(high)
 
       
Outlook
  
 
Stable
 
  
 
    Stable
 
  
 
Stable
 
 
1
The above ratings are for The Toronto-Dominion Bank legal entity. Subsidiaries’ ratings are available on the Bank’s website at http://www.td.com/investor/credit.jsp. Credit ratings are not recommendations to purchase, sell, or hold a financial obligation in as much as they do not comment on market price or suitability for a particular investor. Ratings are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating organization.
2
Represents Moody’s Long-Term Deposits Ratings and Counterparty Risk Rating, S&P’s Issuer Credit Rating, and DBRS’ Long-Term Issuer Rating.
3
Includes (a) Senior debt issued prior to September 23, 2018; and (b) Senior debt issued on or after September 23, 2018 which is excluded from the bank recapitalization
“bail-in”
regime, including debt with an original
term-to-maturity
of less
than 400 days and most structured notes.
4
Subject to conversion under the bank recapitalization
“bail-in”
regime.
The Bank regularly reviews the level of increased collateral its trading counterparties would require in the event of a downgrade of TD’s credit rating. The Bank holds liquid assets to ensure it is able to provide additional collateral required by trading counterparties in the event of a three-notch downgrade in the Bank’s legacy senior debt ratings. The following table presents the additional collateral that could have been contractually required to be posted to OTC derivative counterparties as of the reporting date in the event of one, two, and three-notch downgrades of the Bank’s credit ratings.
 
TABLE 52:  ADDITIONAL COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR RATING DOWNGRADES
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
Average for the years ended
 
     
  
  
October 31, 2021
 
  
October 31, 2020
 
One-notch
downgrade
  
$
    206
 
  
$
    212
 
Two-notch
downgrade
  
 
264
 
  
 
275
 
     
Three-notch downgrade
  
 
1,037
 
  
 
1,013
 
 
1
 
The above collateral requirements are based on each OTC trading counterparty’s Credit Support Annex and the Bank’s credit rating across applicable rating agencies.
LIQUIDITY COVERAGE RATIO
The LCR is a Basel III metric calculated as the ratio of the stock of unencumbered HQLA over the net cash outflow requirements in the next 30 days under a hypothetical liquidity stress event.
Other than during periods of financial stress, the Bank must maintain the LCR above 100% in accordance with the OSFI LAR requirement. The Bank’s LCR is calculated according to the scenario parameters in the LAR guideline, including prescribed HQLA eligibility criteria and haircuts, deposit
run-off
rates, and other outflow and inflow rates. HQLA held by the Bank that are eligible for the LCR calculation under the LAR are primarily central bank reserves, sovereign-issued or sovereign-guaranteed securities, and high-quality securities issued by
non-financial
entities.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
 
Page 81

The following table summarizes the Bank’s average daily LCR as of the relevant dates.
 
TABLE 53:  AVERAGE BASEL III LIQUIDITY COVERAGE RATIO
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
Average for the three months ended
 
   
 
  
October 31, 2021
 
  
  
Total unweighted
value (average)
2
 
 
Total weighted
value (average)
3
 
High-quality liquid assets
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total high-quality liquid assets
  
$
n/a
4
 
 
$
334,370
 
Cash outflows
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail deposits and deposits from small business customers, of which:
  
$
  665,403
 
 
$
78,420
 
Stable deposits
5
  
 
251,668
 
 
 
7,550
 
Less stable deposits
  
 
413,735
 
 
 
70,870
 
Unsecured wholesale funding, of which:
  
 
346,992
 
 
 
157,528
 
Operational deposits (all counterparties) and deposits in networks of cooperative banks
6
  
 
165,202
 
 
 
39,819
 
Non-operational
deposits (all counterparties)
  
 
142,198
 
 
 
78,117
 
Unsecured debt
  
 
39,592
 
 
 
39,592
 
Secured wholesale funding
  
 
n/a
 
 
 
19,373
 
Additional requirements, of which:
  
 
259,446
 
 
 
70,541
 
Outflows related to derivative exposures and other collateral requirements
  
 
32,035
 
 
 
21,647
 
Outflows related to loss of funding on debt products
  
 
7,332
 
 
 
7,332
 
Credit and liquidity facilities
  
 
220,079
 
 
 
41,562
 
Other contractual funding obligations
  
 
16,459
 
 
 
10,406
 
     
Other contingent funding obligations
7
  
 
592,439
 
 
 
10,223
 
Total cash outflows
  
$
n/a
 
 
$
  346,491
 
     
Cash inflows
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Secured lending
  
$
204,784
 
 
$
21,477
 
Inflows from fully performing exposures
  
 
14,308
 
 
 
6,654
 
     
Other cash inflows
  
 
52,402
 
 
 
52,402
 
Total cash inflows
  
$
271,494
 
 
$
80,533
 
   
 
  
Average for the three months ended
 
  
  
October 31, 2021
 
 
July 31, 2021
 
  
  
Total adjusted
value
 
 
Total adjusted
value
 
Total high-quality liquid assets
8
  
$
334,370
 
 
$
329,875
 
Total net cash outflows
9
  
 
265,958
 
 
 
265,517
 
     
Liquidity coverage ratio
  
 
126
 % 
 
 
124
 % 
 
1
The LCR for the quarter ended October 31, 2021, is calculated as an average of the 61 daily data points in the quarter.
2
Unweighted inflow and outflow values are outstanding balances maturing or callable within 30 days.
3
Weighted values are calculated after the application of respective HQLA haircuts or inflow and outflow rates, as prescribed by the OSFI LAR guideline.
4
Not applicable as per the LCR common disclosure template.
5
 
As defined by the OSFI LAR guideline, stable deposits from retail and small and
medium-sized
enterprise (SME) customers are deposits that are insured, and are either held in transactional accounts or the depositors have an established relationship with the Bank that makes deposit withdrawal highly unlikely.
6
Operational deposits from
non-SME
business customers are deposits kept with the Bank in order to facilitate their access and ability to conduct payment and settlement activities. These activities include clearing, custody, or cash management services.
7
Includes uncommitted credit and liquidity facilities, stable value money market mutual funds, outstanding debt securities with remaining maturity greater than 30 days, and other contractual cash outflows. With respect to outstanding debt securities with remaining maturity greater than 30 days, TD has no contractual obligation to buyback these outstanding TD debt securities, and as a result, a 0% outflow rate is applied under the OSFI LAR guideline.
8
Adjusted Total HQLA includes both asset haircuts and applicable caps, as prescribed by the OSFI LAR guideline (HQLA assets after haircuts are capped at 40% for Level 2 and 15% for Level 2B).
9
 
Adjusted Total Net Cash Outflows include both inflow and outflow rates and applicable caps, as prescribed by the OSFI LAR guideline (inflows are capped at 75% of outflows).
The Bank’s average LCR of 126% for the quarter ended October 31, 2021 continues to meet the regulatory requirements.
The Bank holds a variety of liquid assets commensurate with the liquidity needs of the organization. Many of these assets qualify as HQLA under the OSFI LAR guideline. The average HQLA of the Bank for the quarter ended October 31, 2021 was $334 billion (July 31, 2021 – $330 billion), with Level 1 assets representing 86% (July 31, 2021 – 86%). The Bank’s reported HQLA excludes excess HQLA from the U.S. Retail operations, as required by the OSFI LAR guideline, to reflect liquidity transfer considerations between U.S. Retail and its affiliates as a result of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board’s regulations. By excluding excess HQLA, the U.S. Retail LCR is effectively capped at 100% prior to total Bank consolidation.
NET STABLE FUNDING RATIO
The NSFR is a Basel III metric calculated as the ratio of total available stable funding (ASF) over total required stable funding (RSF) in accordance with OSFI’s LAR guideline. The Bank must maintain an NSFR ratio equal to or above 100% in accordance with the LAR guideline. The Bank’s ASF comprises the Bank’s liability and capital instruments (including but not limited to deposits and wholesale funding). The Bank’s RSF comprises the Bank’s assets and
off-balance
sheet activities and is a function of the liquidity characteristics and maturity profile of these assets.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
 
Page 82

TABLE 54:  NET STABLE FUNDING RATIO
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
As at
 
 
  
October 31, 2021
 
 
  
Unweighted value by residential maturity
 
  
 
 
  
  
No
maturity
1
 
  
Less than
6 months
 
  
6 months to
less than
1 year
 
  
More than
1 year
 
  
Weighted
value
2
 
Available Stable Funding Item
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
Capital
  
$
      96,948
 
  
$
n/a
 
  
$
n/a
 
  
$
      10,894
 
  
$
    107,841
 
Regulatory capital
  
 
96,948
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
10,894
 
  
 
107,841
 
Other capital instruments
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
Retail deposits and deposits from small business customers:
  
 
655,111
 
  
 
29,603
 
  
 
9,935
 
  
 
15,185
 
  
 
583,070
 
Stable deposits
3
  
 
257,963
 
  
 
9,989
 
  
 
4,919
 
  
 
8,079
 
  
 
267,305
 
Less stable deposits
  
 
397,148
 
  
 
19,614
 
  
 
5,016
 
  
 
7,106
 
  
 
315,765
 
Wholesale funding:
  
 
263,853
 
  
 
    253,362
 
  
 
54,612
 
  
 
85,529
 
  
 
264,750
 
Operational deposits
4
  
 
139,051
 
  
 
2,304
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
70,677
 
Other wholesale funding
  
 
124,802
 
  
 
251,058
 
  
 
54,612
 
  
 
85,529
 
  
 
194,073
 
Liabilities with matching interdependent assets
5
  
 
–
 
  
 
2,105
 
  
 
1,634
 
  
 
20,696
 
  
 
–
 
Other liabilities:
  
 
55,515
 
  
     
  
     
  
 
67,117
 
  
 
2,565
 
NSFR derivative liabilities
  
 
n/a
 
  
     
  
     
  
 
3,453
 
  
 
n/a
 
           
All other liabilities and equity not included in the above categories
  
 
55,515
 
  
 
60,052
 
  
 
2,093
 
  
 
1,519
 
  
 
2,565
 
           
Total Available Stable Funding
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
$
958,226
 
           
Required Stable Funding Item
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
Total NSFR high-quality liquid assets
  
$
n/a
 
  
$
n/a
 
  
$
n/a
 
  
$
n/a
 
  
$
53,325
 
Deposits held at other financial institutions for operational purposes
  
 
–
 
  
 
34
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
17
 
Performing loans and securities
  
 
84,982
 
  
 
175,344
 
  
 
    102,164
 
  
 
562,673
 
  
 
606,455
 
Performing loans to financial institutions secured by Level 1 HQLA
  
 
–
 
  
 
57,545
 
  
 
19,736
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
18,565
 
Performing loans to financial institutions secured by
non-Level
1
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
HQLA and unsecured performing loans to financial institutions
  
 
–
 
  
 
41,428
 
  
 
2,961
 
  
 
3,055
 
  
 
8,944
 
Performing loans to
non-financial
corporate clients, loans to retail and small business customers, and loans to sovereigns, central banks and PSEs, of which:
  
 
30,659
 
  
 
40,475
 
  
 
32,548
 
  
 
231,451
 
  
 
262,935
 
With a risk weight of less than or equal to 35% under the Basel II standardized approach for credit risk
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
24,685
 
  
 
17,577
 
  
 
167
 
  
 
21,560
 
Performing residential mortgages, of which:
  
 
30,826
 
  
 
26,083
 
  
 
38,271
 
  
 
260,451
 
  
 
228,378
 
With a risk weight of less than or equal to 35% under the Basel II standardized approach for credit risk
6
  
 
30,826
 
  
 
26,083
 
  
 
38,271
 
  
 
260,451
 
  
 
228,378
 
Securities that are not in default and do not qualify as HQLA, including exchange-traded equities
  
 
23,497
 
  
 
9,813
 
  
 
8,648
 
  
 
67,716
 
  
 
87,633
 
Assets with matching interdependent liabilities
5
  
 
–
 
  
 
1,840
 
  
 
2,199
 
  
 
20,397
 
  
 
–
 
Other assets:
  
 
62,252
 
  
     
  
     
  
 
96,243
 
  
 
81,845
 
Physical traded commodities, including gold
  
 
15,045
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
13,078
 
Assets posted as initial margin for derivative contracts and contributions to default funds of CCPs
  
 
n/a
 
  
     
  
     
  
 
10,568
 
  
 
8,982
 
NSFR derivative assets
  
 
n/a
 
  
     
  
     
  
 
6,773
 
  
 
3,320
 
NSFR derivative liabilities before deduction of variation margin posted
  
 
n/a
 
  
     
  
     
  
 
16,417
 
  
 
821
 
All other assets not included in the above categories
  
 
47,207
 
  
 
56,234
 
  
 
1,457
 
  
 
4,794
 
  
 
55,644
 
           
Off-balance
sheet items
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
634,590
 
  
 
22,158
 
           
Total Required Stable Funding
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
$
763,800
 
Net Stable Funding Ratio
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
125
 % 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
As at
 
  
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
July 31, 2021
 
Total Available Stable Funding
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
$
947,741
 
Total Required Stable Funding
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
$
752,494
 
Net Stable Funding Ratio
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
126
 % 
 
1
Items in the “no maturity” time bucket do not have a stated maturity. These may include, but are not limited to, items such as capital with perpetual maturity,
non-maturity
deposits, short positions, open maturity positions,
non-HQLA
equities, and physical traded commodities.
2
Weighted values are calculated after the application of respective NSFR weights, as prescribed by the OSFI LAR guideline.
3
As defined by the OSFI LAR guideline, stable deposits from retail and SME customers are deposits that are insured and are either held in transactional accounts or the depositors have an established relationship with the Bank that makes deposit withdrawals highly unlikely.
4
Operational deposits from
non-SME
business customers are deposits kept with the Bank in order to facilitate their access and ability to conduct payment and settlement activities. These activities include clearing, custody, or cash management services.
5
Interdependent asset and liability items are deemed by OSFI to be interdependent and have RSF and ASF risk factors adjusted to zero. Interdependent liabilities cannot fall due while the asset is still on balance sheet, cannot be used to fund any other assets and principal payments from the asset cannot be used for anything other than repaying the liability. As such, the only interdependent assets and liabilities that qualify for this treatment at the Bank are the liabilities arising from the Canada Mortgage Bonds (CMB) Program and their corresponding encumbered assets.
6
Includes Residential Mortgages and HELOCs.
The Bank’s NSFR for the quarter ended October 31, 2021 is at 125% (July 31, 2021 – 126%) and has met the regulatory requirements. The NSFR changes quarter-to-quarter based on a number of factors including deposit and loan growth, changes in capital levels, wholesale funding issuance and maturities, and changes in the maturity profile of wholesale funding.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 8
3

FUNDING
The Bank has access to a variety of unsecured and secured funding sources. The Bank’s funding activities are conducted in accordance with the liquidity management policy that requires assets be funded to the appropriate term and to a prudent diversification profile.
The Bank’s primary approach to managing funding activities is to maximize the use of deposits raised through personal and commercial banking channels. The following table illustrates the Bank’s large base of personal and commercial, wealth, and Schwab sweep deposits (collectively, “P&C deposits”) that make up over 75% of the Bank’s total funding.
 
TABLE 55:  SUMMARY OF DEPOSIT FUNDING
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
As at
 
 
  
 
October 31, 2021
 
     October 31, 2020  
P&C deposits – Canadian Retail
  
$
519,466
 
   $ 471,543  
     
P&C deposits
– U.S. Retail
1
  
 
472,742
 
     477,738  
Total
  
$
992,208
 
   $ 949,281  
1
 
P&C deposits in U.S. Retail are presented on a CAD equivalent basis and therefore period-over-period movements reflect both underlying growth and changes in the foreign exchange rate.
WHOLESALE FUNDING
The Bank actively maintains various registered external wholesale term (greater than 1 year) funding programs to provide access to diversified funding sources, including asset securitization, covered bonds, and unsecured wholesale debt. The Bank raises term funding through Senior Notes, NHA MBS, CMBs, and notes backed by credit card receivables (Evergreen Credit Card Trust) and home equity lines of credit (Genesis Trust II). The Bank’s wholesale funding is diversified by geography, by currency, and by funding types. The Bank raises short-term (1 year and less) funding using certificates of deposit, commercial paper and bankers’ acceptances.
The following table summarizes the registered term funding and capital programs by geography, with the related program size.
 
     
Canada
 
United States
 
Europe
 
Capital Securities Program ($15 billion)
 
Canadian Senior Medium-Term Linked Notes Program ($4 billion)
 
HELOC ABS Program (Genesis Trust II) ($7 billion)
 
 
 
U.S. SEC
(F-3)
Registered Capital and Debt Program (US$45 billion)
 
 
United Kingdom Listing Authority (UKLA) Registered Legislative Covered Bond Program ($80 billion)
 
UKLA Registered European Medium-Term Note Program (US$20 billion)
The following table presents a breakdown of the Bank’s term debt by currency and funding type. Term funding as at October 31, 2021, was $100.7 billion (October 31, 2020 – $121.1 billion).
Note that Table 56: Long-Term Funding and Table 57: Wholesale Funding do not include any funding accessed via repurchase transactions or securities financing.
 
TABLE 56:  LONG-TERM FUNDING
 
    
As at
 
Long-term funding by currency
  
October 31, 2021
    October 31, 2020  
Canadian dollar
  
 
37
 % 
    32  % 
U.S. dollar
  
 
38
 
    40  
Euro
  
 
18
 
    20  
British pound
  
 
4
 
    4  
     
Other
  
 
3
 
    4  
Total
  
 
100
 % 
    100  % 
     
 
Long-term funding by type
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior unsecured medium-term notes
  
 
59
 % 
    50  % 
Covered bonds
  
 
24
 
    33  
Mortgage securitization
1
  
 
15
 
    13  
     
Term asset backed securities
  
 
2
 
    4  
Total
  
 
100
 % 
    100  % 
 
1
Mortgage securitization excludes the residential mortgage trading business.
 
The Bank maintains depositor concentration limits in respect of short-term wholesale deposits so that it is not overly reliant on individual depositors for funding. The Bank further limits short-term wholesale funding maturity concentration in an effort to mitigate refinancing risk during a stress event.​​​​​​​
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
 
Page 84

The following table represents the remaining maturity of various sources of funding outstanding as at October 31, 2021, and October 31, 2020.
 
TABLE 57:  WHOLESALE FUNDING
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
As at
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
October 31
2021
 
  
October 31
2020
 
  
  
Less than
1 month
 
  
1 to 3
months
 
  
3 to 6
months
 
  
6 months
to 1 year
 
  
Up to 1
year
 
  
Over 1 to
2 years
 
  
Over
2 years
 
  
Total
 
  
Total
 
Deposits from banks
2
  
$
11,428
 
  
$
2,794
 
  
$
2,947
 
  
$
1,321
 
  
$
18,490
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
13
 
  
$
18,503
 
  
$
18,013
 
Bearer deposit notes
  
 
139
 
  
 
234
 
  
 
218
 
  
 
9
 
  
 
600
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
600
 
  
 
1,595
 
Certificates of deposit
  
 
6,860
 
  
 
8,757
 
  
 
12,193
 
  
 
24,142
 
  
 
51,952
 
  
 
1,127
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
53,079
 
  
 
41,923
 
Commercial paper
  
 
12,754
 
  
 
5,958
 
  
 
20,091
 
  
 
18,671
 
  
 
57,474
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
57,474
 
  
 
48,367
 
Covered bonds
  
 
–
 
  
 
2,586
 
  
 
1,788
 
  
 
3,851
 
  
 
8,225
 
  
 
7,938
 
  
 
8,923
 
  
 
25,086
 
  
 
40,537
 
Mortgage securitization
3
  
 
–
 
  
 
882
 
  
 
1,428
 
  
 
1,693
 
  
 
4,003
 
  
 
6,262
 
  
 
18,502
 
  
 
28,767
 
  
 
29,486
 
Legacy senior unsecured medium-term notes
4
  
 
–
 
  
 
2,252
 
  
 
3,729
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
5,981
 
  
 
8,784
 
  
 
2,194
 
  
 
16,959
 
  
 
35,925
 
Senior unsecured medium-term notes
5
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
11,679
 
  
 
30,030
 
  
 
41,709
 
  
 
25,006
 
Subordinated notes and debentures
6
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
11,230
 
  
 
11,230
 
  
 
11,477
 
Term asset backed securitization
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
530
 
  
 
530
 
  
 
618
 
  
 
661
 
  
 
1,809
 
  
 
4,171
 
                   
Other
7
  
 
8,235
 
  
 
419
 
  
 
2,839
 
  
 
1,061
 
  
 
12,554
 
  
 
192
 
  
 
1,832
 
  
 
14,578
 
  
 
13,912
 
Total
  
$
39,416
 
  
$
23,882
 
  
$
45,233
 
  
$
51,278
 
  
$
159,809
 
  
$
36,600
 
  
$
73,385
 
  
$
269,794
 
  
$
270,412
 
 
Of which:
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
  
     
Secured
  
$
–
 
  
$
3,468
 
  
$
3,216
 
  
$
6,074
 
  
$
12,758
 
  
$
14,820
 
  
$
28,092
 
  
$
55,670
 
  
$
74,203
 
                   
Unsecured
  
 
39,416
 
  
 
20,414
 
  
 
42,017
 
  
 
45,204
 
  
 
147,051
 
  
 
21,780
 
  
 
45,293
 
  
 
214,124
 
  
 
196,209
 
Total
  
$
    39,416
 
  
$
    23,882
 
  
$
    45,233
 
  
$
    51,278
 
  
$
    159,809
 
  
$
    36,600
 
  
$
    73,385
 
  
$
    269,794
 
  
$
    270,412
 
 
1
 
Excludes Bankers’ acceptances, which are disclosed in the Remaining Contractual Maturity table within the “Managing Risk” section of this document.
2
 
Includes fixed-term deposits with banks.
3
 
Includes mortgaged backed securities issued to external investors and Wholesale Banking residential mortgage trading business.
4
 
Includes a) senior debt issued prior to September 23, 2018; and b) senior debt issued on or after September 23, 2018 which is excluded from the bank recapitalization
“bail-in”
regime, including debt with an original
term-to-maturity
of less than 400 days.
5
 
Comprised of senior debt subject to conversion under the bank recapitalization
“bail-in”
regime. Excludes $1.4 billion of structured notes subject to conversion under the
“bail-in”
regime (October 31, 2020 – $2.6 billion).
6
 
Subordinated notes and debentures are not considered wholesale funding as they may be raised primarily for capital management purposes.
7
Includes fixed-term deposits from
non-bank
institutions (unsecured) of $14.6 billion (October 31, 2020 – $13.9 billion).
Excluding the Wholesale Banking residential mortgage trading business, the Bank’s total 2021 mortgage-backed securities issued to external investors was $1.8 billion (2020 – $4.0 billion), and other asset-backed securities issued was $0.7 billion (2020 – nil). The Bank also issued $20.5 billion of unsecured medium-term notes (2020 – $11.1 billion) and nil covered bonds (2020 – $4.4 billion), in vari
o
us currencies and markets during the year ended October 31, 2021.
REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS CONCERNING LIQUIDITY AND FUNDING
In March 2021, OSFI launched a public consultation on the domestic implementation of Basel III requirements. As part of this work, OSFI has also proposed changes to the LAR. The primary changes proposed to the LAR involve enhancements to the Net Cumulative Cash Flow supervisory tool to improve the risk sensitivity of the metric. In November 2021, OSFI provided updated guidance to the calibration of the proposal, pursuant to the feedback received as part of the consultation process. Significant proposed changes include the addition of contingencies for undrawn loan commitments, the removal of certain loan cash inflows, and the adjustment of deposit runoff factors. OSFI expects to publish a finalized rule in January 202
2
, and the effective date of the changes will be April 2023.
 
MATURITY ANALYSIS OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES, AND
OFF-BALANCE
SHEET COMMITMENTS
The following table summarizes
on-balance
sheet and
off-balance
sheet categories by remaining contractual maturity.
Off-balance
sheet commitments include contractual obligations to make future payments on certain lease-related commitments, certain purchase obligations, and other liabilities. The values of credit instruments reported in the following table represent the maximum amount of additional credit that the Bank could be obligated to extend should such instruments be fully drawn or utilized. Since a significant portion of guarantees and commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total of the contractual amounts is not representative of expected future liquidity requirements. These contractual obligations have an impact on the Bank’s short-term and long-term liquidity and capital resource needs.
The maturity analysis presented does not depict the degree of the Bank’s maturity transformation or the Bank’s exposure to interest rate and liquidity risk. The Bank ensures that assets are appropriately funded to protect against borrowing cost volatility and potential reductions to funding market availability. The Bank utilizes stable
non-maturity
deposits (chequing and savings accounts) and term deposits as the primary source of long-term funding for the Bank’s
non-trading
assets including personal and business term loans and the stable balance of revolving lines of credit. The Bank issues long-term funding based primarily on the projected net growth of
non-trading
assets and raises short term funding primarily to finance trading assets. The liquidity of trading assets under stressed market conditions is considered when determining the appropriate term of the funding.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 8
5

 
TABLE 58:   REMAINING CONTRACTUAL MATURITY
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)  
As at
 
   
   
October 31, 2021
 
    
Less than
1 month
   
1 to 3
months
   
3 to 6
months
   
6 to 9
months
   
9 months
to 1 year
   
Over 1 to
2 years
   
Over 2 to
5 years
   
Over
5 years
   
No
specific
maturity
   
Total
 
                     
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
 
$
5,931
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
5,931
 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
 
 
158,039
 
 
 
373
 
 
 
185
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,365
 
 
 
159,962
 
Trading loans, securities, and other
1
 
 
2,020
 
 
 
4,382
 
 
 
5,059
 
 
 
2,275
 
 
 
2,874
 
 
 
12,293
 
 
 
21,299
 
 
 
23,119
 
 
 
74,269
 
 
 
147,590
 
Non-trading
financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
 
 
58
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
543
 
 
 
1,250
 
 
 
53
 
 
 
745
 
 
 
3,803
 
 
 
1,931
 
 
 
1,004
 
 
 
9,390
 
Derivatives
 
 
6,146
 
 
 
9,393
 
 
 
5,289
 
 
 
2,885
 
 
 
1,818
 
 
 
7,172
 
 
 
10,895
 
 
 
10,829
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
54,427
 
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss
 
 
441
 
 
 
311
 
 
 
187
 
 
 
167
 
 
 
363
 
 
 
851
 
 
 
624
 
 
 
1,620
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
4,564
 
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
 
 
1,030
 
 
 
6,532
 
 
 
11,881
 
 
 
3,381
 
 
 
2,914
 
 
 
4,089
 
 
 
21,983
 
 
 
22,658
 
 
 
4,598
 
 
 
79,066
 
Debt securities at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses
 
 
1,235
 
 
 
6,567
 
 
 
8,180
 
 
 
4,889
 
 
 
4,030
 
 
 
27,819
 
 
 
79,375
 
 
 
136,846
 
 
 
(2
) 
 
 
268,939
 
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements
2
 
 
92,356
 
 
 
30,580
 
 
 
22,332
 
 
 
14,191
 
 
 
7,441
 
 
 
140
 
 
 
244
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
167,284
 
Loans
                                                                               
Residential mortgages
 
 
930
 
 
 
2,389
 
 
 
5,050
 
 
 
10,061
 
 
 
10,077
 
 
 
34,004
 
 
 
166,855
 
 
 
38,974
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
268,340
 
Consumer instalment and other personal
 
 
641
 
 
 
987
 
 
 
2,029
 
 
 
4,049
 
 
 
3,254
 
 
 
14,333
 
 
 
81,413
 
 
 
27,126
 
 
 
56,032
 
 
 
189,864
 
Credit card
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
30,738
 
 
 
30,738
 
                     
Business and government
 
 
27,691
 
 
 
5,390
 
 
 
6,707
 
 
 
10,533
 
 
 
8,503
 
 
 
23,332
 
 
 
71,025
 
 
 
61,647
 
 
 
25,242
 
 
 
240,070
 
                     
Total loans
 
 
29,262
 
 
 
8,766
 
 
 
13,786
 
 
 
24,643
 
 
 
21,834
 
 
 
71,669
 
 
 
319,293
 
 
 
127,747
 
 
 
112,012
 
 
 
729,012
 
                     
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(6,390
) 
 
 
(6,390
) 
                     
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
 
 
29,262
 
 
 
8,766
 
 
 
13,786
 
 
 
24,643
 
 
 
21,834
 
 
 
71,669
 
 
 
319,293
 
 
 
127,747
 
 
 
105,622
 
 
 
722,622
 
Customers’ liability under acceptances
 
 
16,039
 
 
 
2,327
 
 
 
76
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
18,448
 
Investment in Schwab
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
11,112
 
 
 
11,112
 
Goodwill
3
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
16,232
 
 
 
16,232
 
Other intangibles
3
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,123
 
 
 
2,123
 
Land, buildings, equipment, and other depreciable assets
3
 
 
–
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
19
 
 
 
466
 
 
 
3,664
 
 
 
5,011
 
 
 
9,181
 
Deferred tax assets
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,265
 
 
 
2,265
 
Amounts receivable from brokers, dealers, and clients
 
 
32,357
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
32,357
 
                     
Other assets
 
 
3,100
 
 
 
1,049
 
 
 
2,204
 
 
 
159
 
 
 
150
 
 
 
74
 
 
 
112
 
 
 
73
 
 
 
10,258
 
 
 
17,179
 
Total assets
 
$
348,014
 
 
$
70,286
 
 
$
69,732
 
 
$
53,846
 
 
$
41,485
 
 
$
124,871
 
 
$
458,094
 
 
$
328,487
 
 
$
233,857
 
 
$
1,728,672
 
                     
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading deposits
 
$
1,697
 
 
$
5,373
 
 
$
4,867
 
 
$
2,953
 
 
$
1,196
 
 
$
2,135
 
 
$
3,516
 
 
$
1,154
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
22,891
 
Derivatives
 
 
7,387
 
 
 
9,392
 
 
 
4,581
 
 
 
2,969
 
 
 
2,244
 
 
 
7,403
 
 
 
10,792
 
 
 
12,354
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
57,122
 
Securitization liabilities at fair value
 
 
–
 
 
 
538
 
 
 
1,013
 
 
 
514
 
 
 
301
 
 
 
2,814
 
 
 
5,737
 
 
 
2,588
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
13,505
 
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss
 
 
23,923
 
 
 
12,526
 
 
 
33,712
 
 
 
28,017
 
 
 
14,678
 
 
 
1,127
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
113,988
 
Deposits
4,5
                                                                               
Personal
 
 
5,799
 
 
 
9,750
 
 
 
8,491
 
 
 
5,999
 
 
 
6,148
 
 
 
7,611
 
 
 
7,254
 
 
 
29
 
 
 
582,417
 
 
 
633,498
 
Banks
 
 
8,903
 
 
 
338
 
 
 
135
 
 
 
25
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
11,508
 
 
 
20,917
 
                     
Business and government
 
 
15,795
 
 
 
12,080
 
 
 
8,268
 
 
 
5,433
 
 
 
1,311
 
 
 
28,880
 
 
 
37,255
 
 
 
6,079
 
 
 
355,609
 
 
 
470,710
 
                     
Total deposits
 
 
30,497
 
 
 
22,168
 
 
 
16,894
 
 
 
11,457
 
 
 
7,459
 
 
 
36,493
 
 
 
44,511
 
 
 
6,112
 
 
 
949,534
 
 
 
1,125,125
 
Acceptances
 
 
16,039
 
 
 
2,327
 
 
 
76
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
18,448
 
Obligations related to securities sold short
1
 
 
1,096
 
 
 
729
 
 
 
1,753
 
 
 
1,648
 
 
 
432
 
 
 
4,574
 
 
 
12,640
 
 
 
17,505
 
 
 
2,007
 
 
 
42,384
 
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements
2
 
 
120,938
 
 
 
13,904
 
 
 
7,255
 
 
 
1,700
 
 
 
272
 
 
 
28
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
144,097
 
Securitization liabilities at amortized cost
 
 
–
 
 
 
344
 
 
 
414
 
 
 
475
 
 
 
403
 
 
 
3,448
 
 
 
7,043
 
 
 
3,135
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
15,262
 
Amounts payable to brokers, dealers, and clients
 
 
28,993
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
28,993
 
Insurance-related liabilities
 
 
158
 
 
 
273
 
 
 
405
 
 
 
405
 
 
 
425
 
 
 
982
 
 
 
1,673
 
 
 
872
 
 
 
2,483
 
 
 
7,676
 
Other liabilities
 
 
9,008
 
 
 
3,106
 
 
 
925
 
 
 
228
 
 
 
767
 
 
 
1,522
 
 
 
1,796
 
 
 
4,815
 
 
 
5,966
 
 
 
28,133
 
                     
Subordinated notes and debentures
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
200
 
 
 
11,030
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
11,230
 
                     
Equity
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
99,818
 
 
 
99,818
 
Total liabilities and equity
 
$
  239,736
 
 
$
  70,680
 
 
$
  71,895
 
 
$
  50,368
 
 
$
  28,181
 
 
$
  60,526
 
 
$
    87,909
 
 
$
    59,569
 
 
$
  1,059,808
 
 
$
  1,728,672
 
Off-balance
sheet commitments
                                                                               
Credit and liquidity commitments
6,7
 
$
14,788
 
 
$
24,189
 
 
$
23,482
 
 
$
19,887
 
 
$
15,616
 
 
$
38,639
 
 
$
115,624
 
 
$
3,789
 
 
$
1,327
 
 
$
257,341
 
Other commitments
8
 
 
59
 
 
 
170
 
 
 
185
 
 
 
244
 
 
 
170
 
 
 
591
 
 
 
1,303
 
 
 
541
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
3,263
 
                     
Unconsolidated structured entity commitments
 
 
–
 
 
 
859
 
 
 
20
 
 
 
557
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
127
 
 
 
510
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,073
 
Total
off-balance
sheet commitments
 
$
14,847
 
 
$
25,218
 
 
$
23,687
 
 
$
20,688
 
 
$
15,786
 
 
$
39,357
 
 
$
117,437
 
 
$
4,330
 
 
$
1,327
 
 
$
262,677
 
 
1
Amount has been recorded according to the remaining contractual maturity of the underlying security.
2
  
Certain contracts considered short-term are presented in ‘less than 1 month’ category.
3
  
Certain
non-financial
assets have been recorded as having ‘no specific maturity’.
4
  
As
the timing of demand deposits and notice deposits is
non-specific
and callable by the depositor, obligations have been included as having ‘no specific maturity’.
5
  
Includes
$25 billion of covered bonds with remaining contractual maturities of $2 billion in ‘over 1 months to 3 months’, $2 billion in ‘over 3 months to 6 months’, $4 billion in ‘over 6 months to 9 months’, $8 billion in ‘over 1 to 2 years’, $7 billion in ‘over 2 to 5 years’, and $2 billion in ‘over 5 years’.
6  
Includes
$326 million in commitments to extend credit to private equity
 
investments.
7 Commitments to extend credit exclude personal lines of credit and credit card lines, which are unconditionally cancellable at the Bank’s discretion at any time.
8 Includes various purchase commitments as well as commitments for leases not yet commenced, and lease-related payments.
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
  
 
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 8
6

 
TABLE 58:  REMAINING CONTRACTUAL MATURITY
(continued)
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)  
As at
 
   
    October 31, 2020  
     Less than
1
 
month
    1 to 3
months
    3 to 6
months
    6 to 9
months
    9 months
to 1 year
    Over 1 to
2
 
years
   
Over 2 to
5
 
years
   
Over
5
 
years
   
No
specific
maturity
    Total  
                     
Assets
                                                                               
Cash and due from banks
  $ 6,437     $ 8     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ –     $ 6,445  
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
    161,326       656       –       –       –       –       –       –       2,167       164,149  
Trading loans, securities, and other
1
    4,363       6,920       7,866       6,913       3,867       9,732       23,624       27,554       57,479       148,318  
Non-trading
financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
    80       –       600       2,271       69       1,430       1,425       1,879       794       8,548  
Derivatives
    5,299       7,167       4,554       2,810       2,525       6,314       10,004       15,569       –       54,242  
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss
    820       183       631       234       107       930       1,253       581       –       4,739  
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
    2,501       2,799       8,490       6,101       4,886       25,305       23,667       26,957       2,579       103,285  
Debt securities at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses
    6,444       23,449       16,052       5,855       5,498       12,386       62,145       95,852       (2 )      227,679  
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements
2
    98,721       30,246       23,879       11,776       4,204       29       307       –       –       169,162  
Loans
                                                                               
Residential mortgages
    472       2,845       7,286       9,994       10,481       38,182       138,912       44,047       –       252,219  
Consumer instalment and other personal
    706       1,423       3,437       3,941       3,893       14,594       68,961       28,038       60,467       185,460  
Credit card
    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       32,334       32,334  
Business and government
    27,193       4,938       8,973       11,653       8,672       35,439       70,478       65,144       23,309       255,799  
                     
Total loans
    28,371       9,206       19,696       25,588       23,046       88,215       278,351       137,229       116,110       725,812  
                     
Allowance for loan losses
    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       (8,289 )      (8,289 ) 
                     
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
    28,371       9,206       19,696       25,588       23,046       88,215       278,351       137,229       107,821       717,523  
Customers’ liability under acceptances
    12,699       2,036       204       2       –       –       –       –       –       14,941  
Investment in Schwab
    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       12,174       12,174  
Goodwill
3
    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       17,148       17,148  
Other intangibles
3
    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       2,125       2,125  
Land, buildings, equipment, and other depreciable assets
3,4
    –       1       6       91       9       29       299       4,384       5,317       10,136  
Deferred tax assets
    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       2,444       2,444  
Amounts receivable from brokers, dealers, and clients
    33,951       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       33,951  
                     
Other assets
    3,521       1,060       643       2,783       470       150       125       171       9,933       18,856  
Total assets
  $ 364,533     $ 83,731     $ 82,621     $ 64,424     $ 44,681     $   144,520     $ 401,200     $   310,176     $ 219,979     $ 1,715,865  
                     
Liabilities
                                                                               
Trading deposits
  $ 1,802     $ 2,429     $ 2,065     $ 3,057     $ 1,639     $ 3,510     $ 3,455     $ 1,220     $ –     $ 19,177  
Derivatives
    4,718       6,783       3,997       1,917       2,012       5,438       11,084       17,254       –       53,203  
Securitization liabilities at fair value
    –       608       243       652       345       2,495       6,706       2,669       –       13,718  
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss
    18,654       7,290       12,563       15,892       5,251       –       4       11       –       59,665  
Deposits
5,6
                                                                               
Personal
    6,240       8,996       9,139       9,550       7,288       10,095       7,923       37       565,932       625,200  
Banks
    12,870       1,592       313       56       28       –       4       5       14,101       28,969  
                     
Business and government
    25,387       24,703       24,841       15,274       7,214       14,378       52,852       3,386       313,129       481,164  
                     
Total deposits
    44,497       35,291       34,293       24,880       14,530       24,473       60,779       3,428       893,162       1,135,333  
Acceptances
    12,699       2,036       204       2       –       –       –       –       –       14,941  
Obligations related to securities sold short
1
    698       1,095       993       823       707       4,888       9,789       14,986       1,020       34,999  
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements
2
    122,433       23,944       30,879       1,791       4,952       4,873       4       –       –       188,876  
Securitization liabilities at amortized cost
    –       1,055       221       422       404       1,642       8,799       3,225       –       15,768  
Amounts payable to brokers, dealers, and clients
    35,143       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       35,143  
Insurance-related liabilities
    306       350       382       316       305       963       1,676       1,033       2,259       7,590  
Other liabilities
4
    7,672       3,630       1,744       701       1,048       1,304       1,402       5,633       7,342       30,476  
                     
Subordinated notes and debentures
    –       –       –       –       –       –       200       11,277       –       11,477  
                     
Equity
    –       –       –       –       –       –       –       –       95,499       95,499  
Total liabilities and equity
  $   248,622     $   84,511     $   87,584     $   50,453     $   31,193     $ 49,586     $   103,898     $ 60,736     $   999,282     $   1,715,865  
Off-balance
sheet commitments
                                                                               
Credit and liquidity commitments
7,8
  $ 19,568     $ 23,526     $ 25,918     $ 20,089     $ 14,289     $ 43,760     $ 107,951     $ 4,343     $ 1,309     $ 260,753  
Other commitments
9
    77       169       183       188       165       657       875       553       –       2,867  
                     
Unconsolidated structured entity commitments
    903       342       1,367       227       408       –       –       –       –       3,247  
Total
off-balance
sheet commitments
  $ 20,548     $ 24,037     $ 27,468     $ 20,504     $ 14,862     $ 44,417     $ 108,826     $ 4,896     $ 1,309     $ 266,867  
 
 
1
Amount has been recorded according to the remaining contractual maturity of the underlying security.
 
2
Certain contracts considered short-term are presented in ‘less than 1 month’ category.
 
3
Certain
non-financial
assets have been recorded as having ‘no specific maturity’.
 
4
Upon adoption of IFRS 16, ROU assets recognized are included in ‘Land, buildings, equipment, and other depreciable assets’ and lease liabilities recognized are included in ‘Other liabilities’.
 
5
As the timing of demand deposits and notice deposits is
non-specific
and callable by the depositor, obligations have been included as having ‘no specific maturity’.
 
6
Includes $41 billion of covered bonds with remaining contractual maturities of $2 billion in ‘over 1 months to 3 months’, $3 billion in ‘over 3 months to 6 months’, $5 billion in ‘over 6 months to 9 months’, $4 billion in ‘over 9 months to 1 year’, $9 billion in ‘over 1 to 2 years’, $16 billion in ‘over 2 to 5 years’, and $2 billion in ‘over 5 years’.
 
7
Includes $290 million in commitments to extend credit to private equity investments.
 
8
Commitments to extend credit exclude personal lines of credit and credit card lines, which are unconditionally cancellable at the Bank’s discretion at any time.
 
9
Includes various purchase commitments as well as commitments for leases not yet commenced, and lease-related payments.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 8
7

Capital Adequacy Risk
Capital adequacy risk is the risk of insufficient level and composition of capital being available in relation to the amount of capital required to carry out the Bank’s strategy and/or satisfy regulatory and internal capital adequacy requirements under normal and stress conditions.
Capital is held to protect the viability of the Bank in the event of unexpected financial losses. Capital represents the loss-absorbing funding required to provide a cushion to protect depositors and other creditors from unexpected losses.
Managing capital levels requires that the Bank holds sufficient capital, in normal and stress environments, to avoid the risk of breaching minimum capital levels prescribed by regulators and internal Board limits.
WHO MANAGES CAPITAL ADEQUACY RISK
The Board oversees the Bank’s capital adequacy and capital management by reviewing adherence to capital targets and approving the annual capital plan and the Global Capital Management Policy. The Risk Committee reviews and approves the Capital Adequacy Risk Management Framework. The CRO and the SET member responsible for TBSM oversee that the Bank’s ICAAP is effective in meeting capital adequacy requirements.
The ALCO recommends and maintains the Capital Adequacy Risk Management Framework and the Global Capital Management Policy in support of the effective and prudent management of the Bank’s capital position and maintenance of adequate capital. It oversees the allocation of capital limits for business segments and reviews adherence to capital targets.
TBSM is responsible for forecasting and monitoring compliance with capital targets, on a consolidated basis, with oversight provided by ALCO. TBSM updates the capital forecast, including appropriate changes to capital issuance, repurchase and redemption. The capital forecast is reviewed by ALCO. TBSM also leads the ICAAP and EWST processes. The Bank’s business segments are responsible for managing to the allocated capital limits.
Additionally, regulated subsidiaries of the Bank, including certain insurance subsidiaries and subsidiaries in the U.S. and other jurisdictions, manage their capital adequacy risk in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements. Capital management policies and procedures of subsidiaries are also required to conform with those of the Bank. U.S. regulated subsidiaries of the Bank are required to follow several regulatory guidelines, rules and expectations related to capital planning and stress testing including the U.S. Federal Reserve Board’s Regulation YY establishing Enhanced Prudential Standards for Foreign Banking Organizations, applicable to U.S. Bank Holding Companies. Refer to the sections on “Future Regulatory Capital Developments”, “Enterprise-Wide Stress Testing”, and “Risk Factors That May Affect Future Results” for further details.
HOW TD MANAGES CAPITAL ADEQUACY RISK
Capital resources are managed in a manner designed so that the Bank’s capital position can support business strategies under both current and future business operating environments. The Bank manages its operations within the capital constraints defined by both internal and regulatory capital requirements, so that it meets the higher of these requirements.
Regulatory capital requirements represent minimum capital levels. The Board approves capital targets that provide a sufficient buffer so that the Bank meets minimum capital requirements under stress conditions. The purpose of these capital targets is to reduce the risk of a breach of minimum capital requirements, due to an unexpected stress event, allowing management the opportunity to react to declining capital levels before minimum capital requirements are breached. Capital targets are defined in the Global Capital Management Policy.
A periodic monitoring process is undertaken to plan and forecast capital requirements. As part of the annual planning process, business segments are allocated individual RWA and Leverage exposure limits. Capital generation and usage are monitored and reported to the ALCO.
The Bank assesses the sensitivity of its forecast capital requirements and new capital formations to various economic conditions through its EWST process. The results of the EWST are considered in the determination of capital targets and capital risk appetite limits.
The Bank also determines its internal capital requirements through the ICAAP process using models to measure the risk-based capital required based on its own tolerance for the risk of unexpected losses. This risk tolerance is calibrated to the required confidence level so that the Bank will be able to meet its obligations, even after absorbing severe unexpected losses over a
one-year
period.
In addition, the Bank has a Capital Contingency Plan that is designed to prepare management to maintain capital adequacy through periods of bank-specific or systemic market stress. The Capital Contingency Plan outlines the governance and procedures to be followed if the Bank’s consolidated capital levels are forecast to fall below capital targets or when there are capital concerns from disruptive events or trends. It also outlines potential management actions that may be taken to prevent such a breach from occurring.
Legal, Regulatory Compliance and Conduct Risk
Legal, Regulatory Compliance and Conduct (LRCC) risk is the risk associated with the Bank’s failure to comply with applicable laws, rules, regulations, regulatory guidance, contractual obligations, TD’s Code of Conduct and Ethics, or standards of fair business conduct or market conduct, which can lead to financial loss, fines, sanctions, liabilities, or reputational harm that could be material to the Bank.
The Bank is exposed to LRCC risk in virtually all of its activities. Failure to mitigate LRCC risk and meet regulatory and legal requirements can impact the Bank’s ability to meet strategic objectives, poses a risk of censure or penalty, may lead to litigation, and puts the Bank’s reputation at risk. Financial penalties, reputational damage, and other costs associated with legal proceedings, and unfavourable judicial or regulatory determinations may also adversely affect the Bank’s business, results of operations and financial condition. LRCC risk differs from other banking risks, such as credit risk or market risk, in that it is typically not a risk actively or deliberately assumed by management in expectation of a return and also because LRCC risk generally cannot be effectively mitigated by trying to limit its impact to any one business or jurisdiction, as realized LRCC risk may adversely impact unrelated business or jurisdictions. LRCC risk is inherent in the normal course of operating the Bank’s businesses.
WHO MANAGES LEGAL, REGULATORY COMPLIANCE, AND CONDUCT RISK
The proactive and effective management of LRCC risk is complex given the breadth and pervasiveness of exposure. The LRCC Risk Management Framework applies enterprise-wide to the Bank and to all its corporate functions, business segments, its governance, risk, and oversight functions, and to its subsidiaries. All the Bank’s businesses are responsible for operating their business in compliance with LRCC Requirements applicable to their jurisdiction and specific business requirements, and for adhering to LRCC requirements in their business operations, including setting the appropriate tone for LRCC risk management. This accountability involves assessing the risk, designing and implementing controls, and monitoring and reporting on their ongoing effectiveness to safeguard the businesses from operating outside of the Bank’s risk appetite. The Compliance, GAML and Regulatory Risk Departments provide objective guidance, and oversight with respect to managing LRCC risk. The Legal and Regulatory Relationships and Government Affairs groups provide advice with respect to managing LRCC risk. Representatives of these groups interact regularly with senior executives of the Bank’s businesses. Also, the senior management of the Legal, Compliance, and GAML Departments have established regular meetings with and reporting to the Audit Committee, which oversees the establishment and maintenance of policies and programs reasonably designed to achieve and maintain the Bank’s compliance with the applicable laws and regulations. Senior
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
 
Page 88

management of the Compliance Department also reports regularly to the Corporate Governance Committee, which oversees conduct risk management in the Bank. In addition, senior management of the Regulatory Risk group has established periodic reporting to the Board and its committees.
HOW TD MANAGES LEGAL, REGULATORY COMPLIANCE AND CONDUCT RISK
Effective management of LRCC risk is a result of enterprise-wide collaboration and requires (a) independent and objective identification and assessment of LRCC risk, (b) objective guidance and advisory services and/or independent challenge and oversight to identify, assess, control, and monitor LRCC risk, and (c) an approved set of frameworks, policies, procedures, guidelines, and practices. While each business line is accountable for operating in compliance with applicable laws and regulations and for effectively managing LRCC risk, each of the Legal, Compliance, GAML, and Regulatory Risk Departments plays a critical role in the management of LRCC risk at the Bank. Depending on the circumstances, they play different roles at different times: ‘trusted advisor’, provider of objective guidance, independent challenge, and oversight and control (including ‘gatekeeper’ or approver).
In particular, the Compliance Department performs the following functions: it acts as an independent Regulatory Compliance and Conduct Risk management oversight function; it fosters a culture of integrity, ethics and compliance across the organization to manage and mitigate Regulatory Compliance and Conduct Risks; it assesses the adequacy of, adherence to, and effectiveness of the Bank’s
day-to-day
Regulatory Compliance Management (RCM) controls; it is accountable for leading the enterprise Conduct Risk governance and oversight; and it supports the Global Chief Compliance Officer in providing an opinion to the Audit Committee as to whether the RCM controls are sufficiently robust in achieving compliance with applicable regulatory requirements. The Compliance Department works in partnership with Human Resources and Operational Risk Management to provide oversight and challenge to the businesses in their management of conduct risk.
The GAML Department acts as an independent regulatory compliance and risk management oversight function and is responsible for regulatory compliance and the broader prudential risk management components of the AML, Anti-Terrorist Financing, Sanctions, and Anti-Bribery/Anti-Corruption programs (collectively, the “GAML Programs”), including their design, content, and enterprise-wide implementation; develops standards, monitors, evaluates, and reports on GAML program controls, design, and execution; and reports on the overall adequacy and effectiveness of the GAML Programs, including program design and operation. In addition, the Compliance and GAML Departments have developed methodologies and processes to measure and aggregate regulatory compliance risks and conduct risks on an ongoing basis as a baseline to assess whether the Bank’s internal controls are effective in adequately mitigating such risks and determine whether individual or aggregate business activities are conducted within the Bank’s risk appetite.
The Legal Department acts as an independent provider of legal services and advice and protects the Bank from unacceptable legal risk. The Legal Department has also developed methodologies for measuring litigation risk for adherence to the Bank’s risk appetite.
Processes employed by the Legal, Compliance, and GAML Departments (including policies and frameworks, training and education, and the Code of Conduct and Ethics) support the responsibility of each business to adhere to LRCC Requirements.
Finally, the Bank’s Regulatory Risk and Government Affairs groups also create and facilitate communication with elected officials and regulators, monitor legislation and regulations, support business relationships with governments, coordinate regulatory examinations and regulatory findings remediation, support regulatory discussions on new or proposed products or business initiatives, and advance the public policy objectives of the Bank.
Reputational Risk
Reputational risk is the potential that stakeholder perceptions, whether true or not, regarding the Bank’s business practices, actions or inactions, will or may cause a significant decline in the Bank’s value, brand, liquidity or customer base, or require costly measures to address.
A company’s reputation is a valuable business asset that is essential to optimizing shareholder value and therefore, is constantly at risk. Reputational risk can arise as a consequence of negative perceptions about the Bank’s business practices involving any aspect of the Bank’s operations and usually involves concerns about business ethics and integrity, competence, or the quality or suitability of products and services. Since all risk categories can have an impact on a company’s reputation, reputational risk is not managed in isolation from the Bank’s other major risk categories and can ultimately impact its brand, earnings, and capital.
WHO MANAGES REPUTATIONAL RISK
Responsibility for managing risks to the Bank’s reputation ultimately lies with the SET and the executive committees that examine reputational risk as part of their regular mandate. The ERRC is the most senior executive committee for the review of reputational risk matters at TD. The mandate of the ERRC is to oversee the management of reputational risk within the Bank’s risk appetite. Its main accountability is to review and assess business and corporate initiatives and activities where significant reputational risk profiles have been identified and escalated. The ERRC also provides a forum for discussion, review, and escalation for
non-traditional
risks.
At the same time, every employee and representative of the Bank has a responsibility to contribute in a positive way to the Bank’s reputation and the management of reputational risk. This means that every Bank employee is responsible for following ethical practices at all times, complying with applicable policies, legislation, and regulations and are also supporting positive interactions with the Bank’s stakeholders. Reputational risk is most effectively managed when everyone at the Bank works continuously to protect and enhance the Bank’s reputation.
HOW TD MANAGES REPUTATIONAL RISK
The Bank’s approach to the management of reputational risk combines the experience and knowledge of individual business segments, corporate shared service areas and governance, risk and oversight functions. It is based on enabling the Bank’s businesses to understand their risks and developing the policies, processes, and controls required to manage these risks appropriately and in line with the Bank’s strategy and reputational risk appetite. The Bank’s Reputational Risk Management Framework provides a comprehensive overview of its approach to the management of this risk. Amongst other significant policies, the Bank’s Enterprise Reputational Risk Management Policy is approved by the Group Head and CRO and sets out the requirements under which business segments and corporate shared services are required to manage reputational risk. These requirements include implementing procedures and designating a business-level committee (where required by the Policy) to review and assess reputational risks and escalation to the ERRC as appropriate.
The Bank also has an enterprise-wide New Business and Product Approval (NBPA) Policy that is approved by the CRO and establishes standard practices to support consistent processes for approving new businesses, products, and services across the Bank. The policy is supported by business segment specific processes, which involve independent review from oversight functions, and consideration of all aspects of a new product, including reputational risk.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
 
Page 89

Environmental and Social Risk
Environmental and social risk is the risk of financial loss or reputational damage resulting from the Bank’s inability to adapt to changing environmental or social issues, including climate change, that impact or are associated with the Bank’s operations, business activities, products, clients or the communities the Bank operates in.
Management of environmental and social (E&S) risk is an enterprise-wide priority. Key E&S risks include: (1) direct risks associated with the ownership and operation of the Bank’s businesses, which include management and operation of company-owned or managed real estate, business operations, and associated services; (2) indirect risks associated with environmental and social issues or events (including climate change) that may impact the Bank’s customers and clients, or the communities in which the Bank operates; (3) identification and management of new or emerging environmental and social regulatory issues; and (4) failure to understand and appropriately leverage environmental or social-related trends to meet customer and consumer demands for products and services.
WHO MANAGES ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISK
The Bank integrates environmental and social risk management capabilities into each business to reinforce ownership and support of the business in assessing, reporting and escalating these risks. The ESG strategy and E&S risks are managed within a governance structure that balances broad engagement across the organization while also providing
line-of-sight
accountability. The Senior Vice President, Sustainability and Corporate Citizenship and the Senior Vice President, Enterprise and Operational Risk Management hold senior executive accountability for environmental and social strategy and risk management, respectively. In addition, the Global Head, Diversity and Inclusion is consulted on emerging social risks related to diversity and inclusion. The Sustainability and Corporate Citizenship team supports the development of the Bank’s environmental, social and related governance strategy, performance standards and targets, and reports on performance. The Bank’s Environmental and Social Risk Management group, operating under Operational Risk Management, has environmental and social risk oversight accountabilities, including establishing risk frameworks, policies, processes and governance to identify, assess, control, monitor and report on environmental and social risks, including climate-related risks, to the Bank. The ESG Credit Risk team under Credit Risk Management is focused on applying enterprise-level environmental and social risk frameworks and associated monitoring and control activities to the Bank’s lending portfolio. The Bank’s various business-specific and enterprise risk committees are also involved in monitoring material risks and acting as governance bodies for escalation and oversight of emerging environmental and social risk issues.
HOW TD MANAGES ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL RISK
The Bank manages E&S risks through an enterprise-wide Environmental and Social Risk Framework which is supported by business segment level policies and procedures across the Bank, and is aligned with the Bank’s risk appetite for environmental and social risk.
The Bank’s environmental and social metrics, targets, and performance are publicly reported within its annual ESG Report. Key performance measures are reported according to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), with select metrics that are independently assured.
TD’s Environmental and Social Credit Risk Process for
Non-Retail
Credit Business Lines contains a set of due diligence tools that are applied to all material
non-retail
lending activities, which include general-corporate-purpose, project and fixed asset financing. This process includes assessment of the Bank’s clients’ policies, procedures, and performance on significant environmental and social issues, such as air, land and water risk, biodiversity, stakeholder engagement, and the free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) of Indigenous Peoples. The Bank also assesses borrower activities against a list of prohibited business activities and transactions based on environmental and social risks. In addition, within Wholesale and Commercial Banking, sector-specific guidelines are in place to assess clients within environmentally sensitive sectors. In the area of project finance, the Bank has been a signatory to the Equator Principles since 2007 and reports on Equator Principles projects within its annual ESG Report. The Equator Principles help financial institutions determine, assess, manage and report environmental and social risk in respect of projects that are in scope of the Equator Principles. The Bank uses a comprehensive set of tools and guidance documents to identify and categorize Equator Principle deals appropriately.
Climate Risk
Climate risk is the risk of financial loss or reputational damage from materialized credit, market, operational or other risks resulting from the physical and transition risks of climate change to the Bank, its clients or the communities in which the Bank operates. In its 2020 Managing Climate-Related Risks and Opportunities: Update on TCFD report, the Bank disclosed its alignment with the Financial Stability Board’s TCFD recommendations which seek to provide a more consistent approach for assessing and reporting climate-related risks, including physical and transition risks and opportunities. TD is developing methodologies and approaches, including building related tools and capabilities for quantitative measurement for climate scenario analysis, through participation in industry-wide working groups. The Bank is a member of the United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative (UNEP FI) and is participating in TCFD pilot studies led by UNEP FI that seek to develop harmonized industry-wide approaches for climate scenario analysis in bank lending, investments, and insurance portfolios.
TD Asset Management (TDAM) is a signatory to the United Nations Principles for Responsible Investment (UN PRI). Under the UN PRI, investors commit to incorporate ESG issues into investment analysis and decision-making. TDAM has adopted its Sustainable Investing Policy across its operations since 2009. The Policy provides a high-level overview of how TDAM fulfils its commitment to the six guiding principles set out by the UN PRI. In 2015, TD Insurance became a signatory to the UNEP FI Principles for Sustainable Insurance, which provides a global framework for managing ESG risks within the insurance industry.
Codes of Conduct and Human Rights
The Bank has several policies, including the Bank’s Code of Conduct and Ethics that reflect the Bank’s commitment to manage its business responsibly and in compliance with applicable laws. For additional information on the Code of Conduct and Ethics, refer to the “Legal, Regulatory Compliance and Conduct Risk” section above. The Bank has a Statement on Human Rights that reflects TD’s commitment to manage its business responsibly and in accordance with its corporate responsibility to respect human rights as set out in the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.
In addition, when registering suppliers, the Bank requests that suppliers confirm that they operate in accordance with the expectations described in TD’s Supplier Code of Conduct, which includes the protection of human rights. The Bank may apply enhanced due diligence to sourcing products and services when social, ethical, environmental and geographical factors suggest higher risk. The Bank’s North American Supplier Diversity Program seeks to promote a level playing field and encourage the inclusion of women, Black, Indigenous and other minorities, the LGBTQ2+ community, people with disabilities, veterans and other diverse groups in its procurement process. To reflect this goal, in 2021, TD’s Chief Procurement Officer released a Statement on Supplier Diversity recognizing diversity and inclusion as both a core value and a business imperative.
 
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The Bank also has policies and practices in place to address the risk of slavery and human trafficking in our business activities. TD publicly reports under section 54(1) of the
United Kingdom Modern Slavery Act 2015
through the Bank’s annual Slavery and Human Trafficking Statement, and the Bank’s Supplier Code of Conduct reflects our commitment to respect human rights.
The Bank proactively monitors and assesses industry, regulatory and legislative developments and assesses the potential impacts of climate change and related risks on its operations, lending portfolios, investments, and businesses. TD also maintains an ‘open door’ approach with environmental and community organizations, industry associations, and responsible investment organizations.
Additional information on TD’s environmental and social risk management and performance is included in the Bank’s ESG Report, which is available on the Bank’s website.
 
 
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND POLICIES
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The Bank’s accounting policies and estimates are essential to understanding its results of operations and financial condition. A summary of the Bank’s significant accounting policies and estimates are presented in the Notes of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements. The Bank’s critical accounting policies are reviewed with the Audit Committee on a periodic basis. Critical accounting policies that require management’s judgment and estimates include the classification and measurement of financial assets, accounting for impairments of financial assets, accounting for leases, the determination of fair value of financial instruments, accounting for derecognition, the valuation of goodwill and other intangibles, accounting for employee benefits, accounting for income taxes, accounting for provisions, accounting for insurance, the consolidation of structured entities, and accounting for revenue from contract with customers.
The Bank’s 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS. For details of the Bank’s accounting policies under IFRS, refer to Note 2 of the Bank’s 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements.
ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS, ESTIMATES, AND ASSUMPTIONS
The estimates used in the Bank’s accounting policies are essential to understanding its results of operations and financial condition. Some of the Bank’s policies require subjective, complex judgments and estimates as they relate to matters that are inherently uncertain. Changes in these judgments or estimates and changes to accounting standards and policies could have a materially adverse impact on the Bank’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The Bank has established procedures to ensure that accounting policies are applied consistently and that the processes for changing methodologies, determining estimates, and adopting new accounting standards are well-controlled and occur in an appropriate and systematic manner.
CLASSIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT OF FINANCIAL ASSETS
Business Model Assessment
The Bank determines its business models based on the objective under which its portfolios of financial assets are managed. Refer to Note 2 of the Bank’s 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements for details on the Bank’s business models. In determining its business models, the Bank considers the following:
•  
Management’s intent and strategic objectives and the operation of the stated policies in practice;
•  
The primary risks that affect the performance of the business model and how these risks are managed;
•  
How the performance of the portfolio is evaluated and reported to management; and
•  
The frequency and significance of financial asset sales in prior periods, the reasons for such sales and the expected future sales activities.
Sales in themselves do not determine the business model and are not considered in isolation. Instead, sales provide evidence about how cash flows are realized. A
held-to-collect
business model will be reassessed by the Bank to determine whether any sales are consistent with an objective of collecting contractual cash flows if the sales are more than insignificant in value or more than infrequent.
Solely Payments of Principal and Interest Test
In assessing whether contractual cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI), the Bank considers the contractual terms of the instrument. This includes assessing whether the financial asset contains a contractual term that could change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows such that they would not be consistent with a basic lending arrangement. In making the assessment, the Bank considers the primary terms as follows and assesses if the contractual cash flows of the instruments continue to meet the SPPI test:
•  
Performance-linked features;
•  
Terms that limit the Bank’s claim to cash flows from specified assets
(non-recourse
terms);
•  
Prepayment and extension terms;
•  
Leverage features; and
•  
Features that modify elements of the time value of money.
IMPAIRMENT OF FINANCIAL ASSETS
Significant Increase in Credit Risk
For retail exposures, criteria for assessing significant increase in credit risk are defined at the appropriate product or portfolio level and vary based on the exposure’s credit risk at origination. The criteria include relative changes in PD, absolute PD backstop, and delinquency backstop when contractual payments are more than 30 days past due. Significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition has occurred when one of the criteria is met.
For
non-retail
exposures, BRR is determined on an individual borrower basis using industry and sector specific credit risk models that are based on historical data. Current and forward-looking information that is specific to the borrower, industry, and sector is considered based on expert credit judgment. Criteria for assessing significant increase in credit risk are defined at the appropriate segmentation level and vary based on the BRR of the exposure at origination. Criteria include relative changes in BRR, absolute BRR backstop, and delinquency backstop when contractual payments are more than 30 days past due. Significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition has occurred when one of the criteria is met. Refer to the “Impact of
COVID-19”
section of this document for considerations as a result of
COVID-19.
 
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Measurement of Expected Credit Loss
For retail exposures, ECLs are calculated as the product of PD, LGD, and EAD at each time step over the remaining expected life of the financial asset and discounted to the reporting date based on the EIR. PD estimates represent the forward-looking PD, updated quarterly based on the Bank’s historical experience, current conditions, and relevant forward-looking expectations over the expected life of the exposure to determine the lifetime PD curve. LGD estimates are determined based on historical
charge-off
events and recovery payments, current information about attributes specific to the borrower, and direct costs. Expected cash flows from collateral, guarantees, and other credit enhancements are incorporated in LGD if integral to the contractual terms. Relevant macroeconomic variables are incorporated in determining expected LGD. EAD represents the expected balance at default across the remaining expected life of the exposure. EAD incorporates forward-looking expectations about repayments of drawn balances and expectations about future draws where applicable.
For non-retail exposures, ECLs are calculated based on the present value of cash shortfalls determined as the difference between contractual cash flows and expected cash flows over the remaining expected life of the financial instrument. Lifetime PD is determined by mapping the exposure’s BRR to forward-looking PD over the expected life. LGD estimates are determined by mapping the exposure’s FRR to expected LGD which takes into account facility-specific characteristics such as collateral, seniority ranking of debt, and loan structure. Relevant macroeconomic variables are incorporated in determining expected PD and LGD. Expected cash flows are determined by applying the expected LGD to the contractual cash flows to calculate cash shortfalls over the expected life of the exposure.
Forward-Looking Information
In calculating ECLs, the Bank employs internally developed models that utilize parameters for PD, LGD, and EAD. Forward-looking macroeconomic factors including at the regional level are incorporated in the risk parameters as relevant. Additional risk factors that are industry or segment specific are also incorporated, where relevant. Forward-looking macroeconomic forecasts are generated by TD Economics as part of the ECL process: A base economic forecast is accompanied with upside and downside estimates of possible economic conditions by considering the sources of uncertainty around the base forecast. All macroeconomic forecasts are updated quarterly for each variable on a regional basis where applicable and incorporated as relevant into the quarterly modelling of base, upside and downside risk parameters used in the calculation of ECL scenarios and probability weighted ECLs. TD Economics will apply judgment to recommend probability weights to each forecast on a quarterly basis. The proposed macroeconomic forecasts and probability weightings are subject to robust management review and challenge process by a cross-functional committee that includes representation from TD Economics, Risk, Finance, and Business. ECLs calculated under each of the three forecasts are applied against the respective probability-weightings to determine the probability-weighted ECLs. Refer to the “Impact of
COVID-19”
section of this document for considerations as a result of
COVID-19
and Note 8 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for further details on the macroeconomic variables and ECL sensitivity.
Expert Credit Judgment
ECLs are recognized on the initial recognition of financial assets. Allowance for credit losses represents management’s best estimate of the risk of default and ECLs on the financial assets, including any
off-balance
sheet exposures, at the balance sheet date. Management exercises expert credit judgment in assessing if an exposure has experienced significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition and in determining the amount of ECLs at each reporting date by considering reasonable and supportable information that is not already included in the quantitative models. Refer to the “Impact of
COVID-19”
section of this document for considerations as a result of
COVID-19.
Management’s judgment is used to determine the point within the range that is the best estimate for the qualitative component contributing to ECLs, based on an assessment of business and economic conditions, historical loss experience, loan portfolio composition, and other relevant indicators and forward-looking information that are not fully incorporated into the model calculation. Changes in these assumptions would have a direct impact on the provision for credit losses and may result in a change in the allowance for credit losses.
Impact of
COVID-19
The Bank introduced relief programs in 2020 that allowed borrowers to temporarily defer payments of principal and/or interest on their loans and supported various government-assistance programs which reduced the Bank’s exposure to expected losses. Under these relief programs and notwithstanding any other changes in credit risk, opting into a payment deferral program did not in and of itself trigger a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition (which would result in stage migration) and did not result in additional days past due. The majority of these relief programs have now ended.
As a result of
COVID-19,
there is a higher degree of uncertainty in determining reasonable and supportable forward-looking information. Management exercises expert credit judgment in assessing if an exposure has experienced significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition and in determining the amount of ECLs at each reporting date, by considering reasonable and supportable information that is not already included in the quantitative models. The current environment is subject to rapid change and to the extent that certain effects of
COVID-19 are not
fully incorporated into the model calculations, increased temporary quantitative and qualitative adjustments have been applied. This includes borrower credit scores, industry and geography specific
COVID-19
impacts, payment support initiatives introduced by the Bank and governments, and the persistence of the economic shutdown, the effects of which are not yet fully reflected in the quantitative models. The Bank has performed certain additional qualitative portfolio and loan level assessments of significant increase in credit risk.
LEASES
The Bank applies judgment in determining the appropriate lease term on a
lease-by-lease
basis. All facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive to exercise a renewal option or not to exercise a termination option including investments in major leaseholds, branch performance and past business practice are considered. The periods covered by renewal or termination options are only included in the lease term if it is reasonably certain that the Bank will exercise the options; management considers “reasonably certain” to be a high threshold. Changes in the economic environment or changes in the industry may impact the
Bank’s assessment of lease term, and any changes in the Bank’s estimate of lease terms may have a material impact on the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet and Consolidated Statement of Income.
In determining the carrying amount of ROU assets and lease liabilities, the Bank is required to estimate the incremental borrowing rate specific to each leased asset or portfolio of leased assets if the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. The Bank determines the incremental borrowing rate of each leased asset or portfolio of leased assets by incorporating the Bank’s creditworthiness, the security, term, and value of the ROU asset, and the economic environment in which the leased asset operates. The incremental borrowing rates are subject to change mainly due to changes in the macroeconomic environment.
 
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FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets at the balance sheet date is based on their quoted market prices. For all other financial instruments not traded in an active market, fair value may be based on other observable current market transactions involving the same or similar instruments, without modification or repackaging, or is based on a valuation technique which maximizes the use of observable market inputs. Observable market inputs may include interest rate yield curves, foreign exchange rates, and option volatilities. Valuation techniques include comparisons with similar instruments where observable market prices exist, discounted cash flow analysis, option pricing models, and other valuation techniques commonly used by market participants.
For certain complex or illiquid financial instruments, fair value is determined using valuation techniques in which current market transactions or observable market inputs are not available. Determining which valuation technique to apply requires judgment. The valuation techniques themselves also involve some level of estimation and judgment. The judgments include liquidity considerations and model inputs such as volatilities, correlations, spreads, discount rates,
pre-payment
rates, and prices of underlying instruments. Any imprecision in these estimates can affect the resulting fair value.
Judgment is used in recording valuation adjustments to model fair values to account for system limitations or measurement uncertainty, such as when valuing complex and less actively traded financial instruments. Valuation adjustments reflect the Bank’s assessment of factors that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Bank recognizes various types of valuation adjustments including, but not limited to, adjustments for
bid-offer
spreads, adjustments for the unobservability of inputs used in pricing models, and adjustments for assumptions about risk, such as the creditworthiness of either counterparty and market implied unsecured funding costs and benefits for OTC derivatives. If the market for a complex financial instrument develops, the pricing for this instrument may become more transparent, resulting in refinement of valuation models. For example, IBOR reform may also have an impact on the fair value of products that reference or use valuation models with IBOR inputs.
The Bank recognized valuation adjustments of $226 million as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $543 million) against the fair value of financial instruments, related mainly to credit risk, funding risk, and
bid-offer
spreads on derivatives.
An analysis of fair values of financial instruments and further details as to how they are measured are provided in Note 5 of the Bank’s 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements.
DERECOGNITION OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Certain assets transferred may qualify for derecognition from the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. To qualify for derecognition certain key determinations must be made. A decision must be made as to whether the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets have been retained or transferred and the extent to which the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets have been retained or transferred. If the Bank neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, a decision must be made as to whether the Bank has retained control of the financial asset. Upon derecognition, the Bank will record a gain or loss on sale of those assets which is calculated as the difference between the carrying amount of the asset transferred and the sum of any cash proceeds received, including any financial asset received or financial liability assumed, and any cumulative gain or loss allocated to the transferred asset that had been recognized in AOCI. In determining the fair value of any financial asset received, the Bank estimates future cash flows by relying on estimates of the amount of interest that will be collected on the securitized assets, the yield to be paid to investors, the portion of the securitized assets that will be prepaid before their scheduled maturity, ECLs, the cost of servicing the assets, and the rate at which to discount these expected future cash flows. Actual cash flows may differ significantly from those estimated by the Bank. Retained interests are classified as trading securities and are initially recognized at relative fair value on the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. Subsequently, the fair value of retained interests recognized by the Bank is determined by estimating the present value of future expected cash flows. Differences between the actual cash flows and the Bank’s estimate of future cash flows are recognized in trading income. These assumptions are subject to periodic review and may change due to significant changes in the economic environment.
GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES
The recoverable amount of the Bank’s CGUs is determined from internally developed valuation models that consider various factors and assumptions such as forecasted earnings, growth rates, discount rates, and terminal growth rates. Management is required to use judgment in estimating the recoverable amount of CGUs, and the use of different assumptions and estimates in the calculations could influence the determination of the existence of impairment and the valuation of goodwill. Management believes that the assumptions and estimates used are reasonable and supportable. Where possible, assumptions generated internally are compared to relevant market information. The carrying amounts of the Bank’s CGUs are determined by management using risk-based capital models to adjust net assets and liabilities by CGU. These models consider various factors including market risk, credit risk, and operational risk, including investment capital (comprised of goodwill and other intangibles). Any capital not directly attributable to the CGUs is held within the Corporate segment. The Bank’s capital oversight committees provide oversight to the Bank’s capital allocation methodologies.
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
The projected benefit obligation and expense related to the Bank’s pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans are determined using multiple assumptions that may significantly influence the value of these amounts. Actuarial assumptions including discount rates, compensation increases, health care cost trend rates, and mortality rates are management’s best estimates and are reviewed annually with the Bank’s actuaries. The Bank develops each assumption using relevant historical experience of the Bank in conjunction with market-related data and considers if the market-related data indicates there is any prolonged or significant impact on the assumptions. The discount rate used to value the projected benefit obligation is determined by reference to market yields on high-quality corporate bonds with terms matching the plans’ specific cash flows. The other assumptions are also long-term estimates. All assumptions are subject to a degree of uncertainty. Differences between actual experiences and the assumptions, as well as changes in the assumptions resulting from changes in future expectations, result in actuarial gains and losses which are recognized in other comprehensive income during the year and also impact expenses in future periods.
INCOME TAXES
The Bank is subject to taxation in numerous jurisdictions. There are many transactions and calculations in the ordinary course of business for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Bank maintains provisions for uncertain tax positions that it believes appropriately reflect the risk of tax positions under discussion, audit, dispute, or appeal with tax authorities, or which are otherwise considered to involve uncertainty. These provisions are made using the Bank’s best estimate of the amount expected to be paid based on an assessment of all relevant factors, which are reviewed at the end of each reporting period. However, it is possible that at some future date, an additional liability could result from audits by the relevant taxing authorities.
Deferred tax assets are recognized only when it is probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available in future periods against which deductible temporary differences may be utilized. The amount of the deferred tax asset recognized and considered realizable could, however, be reduced if projected income is not achieved due to various factors, such as unfavourable business conditions. If projected income is not expected to be achieved, the Bank would decrease its deferred tax assets to the amount that it believes can be realized. The magnitude of the decrease is significantly influenced by the Bank’s forecast of future profit generation, which determines the extent to which it will be able to utilize the deferred tax assets.
 
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PROVISIONS
Provisions arise when there is some uncertainty in the timing or amount of a loss in the future. Provisions are based on the Bank’s best estimate of all expenditures required to settle its present obligations, considering all relevant risks and uncertainties, as well as, when material, the effect of the time value of money.
Many of the Bank’s provisions relate to various legal actions that the Bank is involved in during the ordinary course of business. Legal provisions require the involvement of both the Bank’s management and legal counsel when assessing the probability of a loss and estimating any monetary impact. Throughout the life of a provision, the Bank’s management or legal counsel may learn of additional information that may impact its assessments about the probability of loss or about the estimates of amounts involved. Changes in these assessments may lead to changes in the amount recorded for provisions. In addition, the actual costs of resolving these claims may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts recognized. The Bank reviews its legal provisions on a
case-by-case
basis after considering, among other factors, the progress of each case, the Bank’s experience, the experience of others in similar cases, and the opinions and views of legal counsel.
Certain of the Bank’s provisions relate to restructuring initiatives initiated by the Bank. Restructuring provisions require management’s best estimate, including forecasts of economic conditions. Throughout the life of a provision, the Bank may become aware of additional information that may impact the assessment of amounts to be incurred. Changes in these assessments may lead to changes in the amount recorded for provisions.
INSURANCE
The assumptions used in establishing the Bank’s insurance claims and policy benefit liabilities are based on best estimates of possible outcomes.
For property and casualty insurance, the ultimate cost of claims liabilities is estimated using a range of standard actuarial claims projection techniques in accordance with Canadian accepted actuarial practices. Additional qualitative judgment is used to assess the extent to which past trends may or may not apply in the future, in order to arrive at the estimated ultimate claims cost that present the most likely outcome taking into account all the uncertainties involved.
For life and health insurance, actuarial liabilities consider all future policy cash flows, including premiums, claims, and expenses required to administer the policies. Critical assumptions used in the measurement of life and health insurance contract liabilities are determined by the appointed actuary.
Further information on insurance risk assumptions is provided in Note 22 of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements.
CONSOLIDATION OF STRUCTURED ENTITIES
Management judgment is required when assessing whether the Bank should consolidate an entity. For instance, it may not be feasible to determine if the Bank controls an entity solely through an assessment of voting rights for certain structured entities. In this case, judgment is required to establish whether the Bank has decision-making power over the key relevant activities of the entity and whether the Bank has the ability to use that power to absorb significant variable returns from the entity. If it is determined that the Bank has both decision-making power and significant variable returns from the entity, judgment is also used to determine whether any such power is exercised by the Bank as principal, on its own behalf, or as agent, on behalf of another counterparty.
Assessing whether the Bank has decision-making power includes understanding the purpose and design of the entity in order to determine its key economic activities. In this context, an entity’s key economic activities are those which predominantly impact the economic performance of the entity. When the Bank has the current ability to direct the entity’s key economic activities, it is considered to have decision-making power over the entity.
The Bank also evaluates its exposure to the variable returns of a structured entity in order to determine if it absorbs a significant proportion of the variable returns the entity is designed to create. As part of this evaluation, the Bank considers the purpose and design of the entity in order to determine whether it absorbs variable returns from the structured entity through its contractual holdings, which may take the form of securities issued by the entity, derivatives with the entity, or other arrangements such as guarantees, liquidity facilities, or lending commitments.
If the Bank has decision-making power over the entity and absorbs significant variable returns from the entity, it then determines if it is acting as principal or agent when exercising its decision-making power. Key factors considered include the scope of its decision-making powers; the rights of other parties involved with the entity, including any rights to remove the Bank as decision-maker or rights to participate in key decisions; whether the rights of other parties are exercisable in practice; and the variable returns absorbed by the Bank and by other parties involved with the entity. When assessing consolidation, a presumption exists that the Bank exercises decision-making power as principal if it is also exposed to significant variable returns, unless an analysis of the factors above indicates otherwise.
The decisions above are made with reference to the specific facts and circumstances relevant for the structured entity and related transaction(s) under consideration.
REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
The Bank applies judgment to determine the timing of satisfaction of performance obligations which affects the timing of revenue recognition, by evaluating the pattern in which the Bank transfers control of services promised to the customer. A performance obligation is satisfied over time when the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as the Bank performs the service. For performance obligations satisfied over time, revenue is generally recognized using the time-elapsed method which is based on time elapsed in proportion to the period over which the service is provided, for example, personal deposit account bundle fees. The time-elapsed method is a faithful depiction of the transfer of control for these services as control is transferred evenly to the customer when the Bank provides a stand-ready service or effort is expended evenly by the Bank to provide a service over the contract period. In contracts where the Bank has a right to consideration from a customer in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the Bank’s performance completed to date, the Bank recognizes revenue in the amount to which it has a right to invoice.
The Bank satisfies a performance obligation at a point in time if the customer obtains control of the promised services at that date. Determining when control is transferred requires the use of judgment. For transaction-based services, the Bank determines that control is transferred to the customer at a point in time when the customer obtains substantially all of the benefits from the service rendered and the Bank has a present right to payment, which generally coincides with the moment the transaction is executed.
The Bank exercises judgment in determining whether costs incurred in connection with acquiring new revenue contracts would meet the requirement to be capitalized as incremental costs to obtain or fulfil a contract with customers.
 
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ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND POLICIES
Current and Future Changes in Accounting Policies
CURRENT CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICY
The following new standards and changes in accounting policies have been adopted by the Bank on November 1, 2020.
Interest Rate Benchmark Reform Phase 2
On August 27, 2020, the IASB issued
Interest Rate Benchmark Reform – Phase 2, Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16
(Interest Rate Benchmark Reform Phase 2). The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Bank early adopted these amendments on November 1, 2020 and no transition adjustment was required.
Interest Rate Benchmark Reform Phase 2 addresses issues affecting financial reporting when changes are made to contractual cash flows of financial instruments or hedging relationships as a result of IBOR reform. The amendments permit modification to financial assets, financial liabilities and lessee lease liabilities required as a direct consequence of IBOR reform and made on an economically equivalent basis to be accounted for by updating the EIR prospectively. If the modification does not meet the practical expedient requirements, existing IFRS requirements are applied. Reliefs are also provided for an entity’s hedge accounting relationships in circumstances where changes to hedged items and hedging instruments arise as a result of IBOR reform. The amendments enable entities to amend the formal designation and documentation of a hedging relationship to reflect these changes without discontinuing the hedging relationship or designating a new hedging relationship. Permitted changes include redefining the hedged risk to reference an ARR (contractually or
non-contractually
specified), amending the description of the hedged item and hedging instrument to reflect the ARR, and amending the description of how the entity will assess hedge effectiveness. Hedging relationships within the scope of Interest Rate Benchmark Reform Phase 2 are the same as those within the scope of Interest Rate Benchmark Reform Phase 1. Interest Rate Benchmark Reform Phase 2 also amended IFRS 7, introducing expanded qualitative and quantitative disclosures about the risks arising from IBOR reform, how an entity is managing those risks, its progress in completing the transition to ARRs, and how it is managing the transition.
The global benchmark rate reform initiative to transition from IBORs to ARRs may result in market dislocation and have other adverse consequences to the Bank, its customers, market participants, and the financial services industry. Market risks arise because the new reference rates are likely to differ from the existing benchmark rates which could result in different financial performance for previously booked transactions, require alternative hedging strategies, or affect the Bank’s capital and liquidity planning and management. In order to manage these risks, the Bank has established an enterprise-wide, cross functional initiative with senior management and Board oversight to evaluate and monitor the impact of the market, financial, operational, legal, technology and other risks on its products, services, systems, models, documents, processes, and risk management frameworks with the intention of managing the impact through appropriate mitigating actions.
The Bank is progressing on its transition plan and continues to monitor industry and regulatory developments while incorporating global working group and regulator best practice guidance on transition activities. Details related to certain market developments are noted below:
•  
To help support the transition of legacy derivative contracts, the Bank’s registered swap dealer and four additional Bank affiliates have adhered to the International Swaps and Derivatives Association IBOR Fallbacks Protocol (ISDA Protocol). The ISDA Protocol, which took effect on January 25, 2021, provides an efficient transition mechanism for mutually adhering counterparties to incorporate prescribed fallback rates into legacy derivative contracts.
•  
London Clearing House and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) Group have established a process with market participants to convert outstanding London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) swaps into corresponding market standard
ARR-based
contracts.
•  
In July 2021, the Alternative Reference Rates Committee formally recommended CME Group’s forward-looking Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) term rates, following completion of a key change in interdealer trading conventions on July 26, 2021 under the SOFR First initiative.
In March 2021, the ICE Benchmark Administration (IBA) announced that the publication of LIBOR settings will cease immediately after December 31, 2021 for all sterling, Japanese yen, Swiss franc, and euro settings as well as the
1-week
and
2-month
US LIBOR settings. The remaining US LIBOR settings will cease to be published immediately after June 30, 2023. In September 2021, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) confirmed that they will require the IBA to publish certain settings of sterling and Japanese yen LIBOR on a
non-representative
synthetic basis after December 31, 2021 to support an orderly wind down of legacy exposures in the marketplace. To support the global regulatory objective to transition away from LIBOR benchmarks, global regulators have issued guidance and policy statements to supervised institutions restricting the use of US LIBOR as a reference rate in new contracts written after December 31, 2021, subject to limited exceptions.
Hedging Relationships
On November 1, 2020, the Bank changed its accounting policy on a retrospective basis for the presentation of fair value changes on hedging instruments designated in certain fair value hedge accounting relationships, reclassifying the component excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness from
non-interest
income to net interest income. With the reclassification, changes in the fair value of the hedged item and related hedging instrument (excluding hedge ineffectiveness) are presented in the same lines on the Consolidated Statement of Income. For the comparative years ended October 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019, the Bank reclassified losses of $1,114 million and $110 million, respectively, from
Non-interest
income to Net interest income on the Consolidated Statement of Income to conform with the presentation adopted in the current year.
Business Combinations
In October 2018, the IASB issued narrow-scope amendments to IFRS 3,
Business Combinations
. The amendments provide additional guidance on the definition of a business which determines whether an acquisition is of a business or a group of assets. An acquirer recognizes goodwill only when acquiring a business, not when acquiring a group of assets. The Bank adopted these amendments on November 1, 2020 prospectively and they did not have a significant impact on the Bank.
Revised Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting
In March 2018, the IASB issued the revised Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (Revised Conceptual Framework), which provides a set of concepts to assist the IASB in developing standards and to help preparers consistently apply accounting policies where specific accounting standards do not exist. The framework is not an accounting standard and does not override the requirements that exist in other IFRS standards. The Revised Conceptual Framework describes that financial information must be relevant and faithfully represented to be useful, provides revised definitions and recognition criteria for assets and liabilities, and confirms that different measurement bases are useful and permitted. The Bank adopted the Revised Conceptual Framework prospectively on November 1, 2020 and it did not have a significant impact on the Bank.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 95

FUTURE CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The following standard has been issued, but is not yet effective on the date of issuance of the Bank’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The Bank is currently assessing the impact of applying the standard on the Consolidated Financial Statements and will adopt the standard when it becomes effective.
Insurance Contracts
The IASB issued IFRS 17,
Insurance Contracts
(IFRS 17) which replaces the guidance in IFRS 4,
Insurance Contracts,
and establishes principles for recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of insurance contracts. Insurance contracts are aggregated into groups which are measured at the risk adjusted present value of cash flows in fulfilling the contracts. Revenue is recognized as insurance contract services are provided over the coverage period. Losses are recognized immediately if the contract group is expected to be onerous.
The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023, which will be November 1, 2023 for the Bank. OSFI’s related Advisory precludes early adoption. The standard will be applied retrospectively with restatement of comparatives unless impracticable.
The adoption of IFRS 17 is a significant initiative for the Bank and is supported by a robust governance structure. The Executive Steering Committee includes representation from the Insurance business, Finance, Actuaries, Risk, Technology, and project management teams. Updates are also provided to the TD insurance subsidiary boards, Risk Committee and Audit Committee of the Bank.
The Bank is proceeding with implementation of the software solution, including data preparation, system testing and configuration. In addition, the Bank is participating in industry consultations, including OSFI’s draft regulatory capital requirements.
 
 
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AND POLICIES
Controls and Procedures
DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Bank’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Bank’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in the rules of the SEC and Canadian Securities Administrators, as of October 31, 2021. Based on that evaluation, the Bank’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Bank’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of October 31, 2021.
MANAGEMENT’S REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
The Bank’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Bank. The Bank’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records, that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Bank; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with IFRS, and that receipts and expenditures of the Bank are being made only in accordance with authorizations of the Bank’s management and directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Bank’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
The Bank’s management has used the criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission to assess, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting. Based on this assessment, management has concluded that as at October 31, 2021, the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on the applicable criteria. The effectiveness of the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting has been audited by the independent auditors, Ernst & Young LLP, a registered public accounting firm that has also audited the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bank as of, and for the year ended October 31, 2021. Their Report on Internal Controls under Standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), included in the Consolidated Financial Statements, expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2021.
CHANGES IN INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
During the year and quarter ended October 31, 2021, there have been no changes in the Bank’s policies and procedures and other processes that comprise its internal control over financial reporting, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 96

 
Additional Financial Information
Unless otherwise indicated, all amounts are expressed in Canadian dollars and have been primarily derived from the Bank’s annual Consolidated Financial Statements, prepared in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB.
 
TABLE 59:  INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO – Securities Maturity Schedule
1,2
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)                                                           
As at
 
    
Remaining terms to maturities
3
                   
    
Within
1 year
   
Over 1
year to
3 years
   
Over 3
years to
5 years
   
Over 5
years to
10 years
   
Over 10
years
   
With no
specific
maturity
    Total            Total  
                                               
October 31
2021
    October 31
2020
    October 31
2019
 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Government and government-related securities
                  
Canadian government debt
                  
Federal
                  
Fair value
  
$
2,596
 
 
$
2,005
 
 
$
4,811
 
 
$
2,684
 
 
$
423
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
12,519
 
  $ 14,126     $ 9,663  
Amortized cost
  
 
2,592
 
 
 
1,990
 
 
 
4,763
 
 
 
2,663
 
 
 
420
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
12,428
 
    13,967       9,603  
Yield
  
 
1.88
 % 
 
 
1.09
 % 
 
 
1.06
 % 
 
 
1.45
 % 
 
 
2.72
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
1.37
 % 
    1.79  %      2.15  % 
Provinces
                  
Fair value
  
 
1,120
 
 
 
2,596
 
 
 
3,635
 
 
 
9,940
 
 
 
852
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
18,143
 
    16,502       12,927  
Amortized cost
  
 
1,118
 
 
 
2,570
 
 
 
3,559
 
 
 
9,839
 
 
 
849
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
17,935
 
    16,342       12,890  
Yield
  
 
2.18
 % 
 
 
2.02
 % 
 
 
1.90
 % 
 
 
2.11
 % 
 
 
1.95
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
2.05
 % 
    2.95  %      3.20  % 
U.S. federal government debt
                  
Fair value
  
 
8,344
 
 
 
1,313
 
 
 
2,206
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
11,863
 
    22,168       25,176  
Amortized cost
  
 
8,340
 
 
 
1,299
 
 
 
2,196
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
11,835
 
    22,074       25,166  
Yield
  
 
1.83
 % 
 
 
2.05
 % 
 
 
1.64
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
1.82
 % 
    1.75  %      1.67  % 
U.S. states, municipalities, and agencies
                  
Fair value
  
 
2,151
 
 
 
1,383
 
 
 
419
 
 
 
13
 
 
 
3,471
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
7,437
 
    10,866       15,561  
Amortized cost
  
 
2,150
 
 
 
1,382
 
 
 
414
 
 
 
13
 
 
 
3,438
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
7,397
 
    10,801       15,537  
Yield
  
 
1.38
 % 
 
 
2.18
 % 
 
 
2.52
 % 
 
 
0.89
 % 
 
 
1.07
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
1.45
 % 
    1.54  %      2.33  % 
Other OECD government-guaranteed debt
                  
Fair value
  
 
5,302
 
 
 
286
 
 
 
784
 
 
 
192
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
6,564
 
    10,756       14,407  
Amortized cost
  
 
5,296
 
 
 
285
 
 
 
780
 
 
 
190
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
6,551
 
    10,720       14,394  
Yield
  
 
1.60
 % 
 
 
1.89
 % 
 
 
1.55
 % 
 
 
2.13
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
1.62
 % 
    1.58  %      1.68  % 
Canadian mortgage-backed securities
                  
Fair value
  
 
1,161
 
 
 
93
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,254
 
    3,865       5,437  
Amortized cost
  
 
1,159
 
 
 
92
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,251
 
    3,855       5,407  
Yield
  
 
1.66
 % 
 
 
1.67
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
1.66
 % 
    1.57  %      1.63  % 
Other debt securities
                  
Asset-backed securities
                  
Fair value
  
 
1,682
 
 
 
538
 
 
 
1,432
 
 
 
684
 
 
 
2,645
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
6,981
 
    10,006       15,888  
Amortized cost
  
 
1,683
 
 
 
538
 
 
 
1,425
 
 
 
683
 
 
 
2,628
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
6,957
 
    10,051       15,890  
Yield
  
 
0.34
 % 
 
 
1.92
 % 
 
 
2.31
 % 
 
 
1.87
 % 
 
 
0.83
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
1.20
 % 
    1.57  %      2.27  % 
Non-agency
CMO
4
                  
Fair value
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    –       247  
Amortized cost
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    –       247  
Yield
  
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
    –  %      2.52  % 
Corporate and other debt
                  
Fair value
  
 
1,825
 
 
 
2,386
 
 
 
2,146
 
 
 
1,723
 
 
 
24
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
8,104
 
    9,895       7,834  
Amortized cost
  
 
1,820
 
 
 
2,358
 
 
 
2,135
 
 
 
1,711
 
 
 
30
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
8,054
 
    9,853       7,832  
Yield
  
 
2.42
 % 
 
 
1.90
 % 
 
 
1.70
 % 
 
 
1.94
 % 
 
 
0.60
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
1.97
 % 
    2.58  %      2.56  % 
Equity securities
                  
Common shares
                  
Fair value
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
4,117
 
 
 
4,117
 
    2,387       1,598  
Amortized cost
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
3,887
 
 
 
3,887
 
    2,641       1,594  
Yield
  
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
3.34
 % 
 
 
3.34
 % 
    2.03  %      3.07  % 
Preferred shares
                  
Fair value
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
482
 
 
 
482
 
    212       242  
Amortized cost
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
470
 
 
 
470
 
    303       302  
Yield
  
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
5.04
 % 
 
 
5.04
 % 
    3.38  %      4.07  % 
Total securities at fair value through other comprehensive income
                  
Fair value
  
$
    24,181
 
 
$
    10,600
 
 
$
    15,433
 
 
$
    15,236
 
 
$
    7,415
 
 
$
    4,599
 
 
$
    77,464
 
  $     100,783     $     108,980  
Amortized cost
  
 
24,158
 
 
 
10,514
 
 
 
15,272
 
 
 
15,099
 
 
 
7,365
 
 
 
4,357
 
 
 
76,765
 
    100,607       108,862  
Yield
  
 
1.69
 % 
 
 
1.83
 % 
 
 
1.61
 % 
 
 
1.96
 % 
 
 
1.18
 % 
 
 
3.52
 % 
 
 
1.80
 % 
    1.98  %      2.17  % 
 
1
 
Yields represent the weighted-average yield of each security owned at the end of the period. The effective yield includes the contractual interest or stated dividend rate and is adjusted for the amortization of premiums and discounts; the effect of related hedging activities is excluded.
2
 
There were no securities from a single issuer where the book value was greater than 10% as at October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
3
 
Represents contractual maturities. Actual maturities may differ due to prepayment privileges in the applicable contract.
4
 
Collateralized mortgage obligation (CMO).
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 97

TABLE 59:  INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO – Securities Maturity Schedule
(continued)
1,2
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)                                                           
As at
 
    
Remaining terms to maturities
3
                   
    
Within
1 year
   
Over 1
year to
3 years
   
Over 3
years to
5 years
   
Over 5
years to
10 years
   
Over 10
years
   
With no
specific
maturity
   
Total
           Total  
                                               
October 31
2021
    October 31
2020
    October 31
2019
 
Debt securities at amortized cost
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Government and government-related securities
                  
Canadian government debt
                  
Federal
                  
Fair value
  
$
13,070
 
 
$
1,082
 
 
$
5,435
 
 
$
1,278
 
 
$
1,787
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
22,652
 
  $ 17,989     $ 4,759  
Amortized cost
  
 
13,060
 
 
 
1,079
 
 
 
5,392
 
 
 
1,288
 
 
 
1,774
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
22,593
 
    17,981       4,771  
Yield
  
 
0.24
 % 
 
 
2.11
 % 
 
 
1.21
 % 
 
 
1.55
 % 
 
 
2.94
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
0.85
 % 
    0.48  %      2.19  % 
Provinces
                  
Fair value
  
 
65
 
 
 
925
 
 
 
2,502
 
 
 
7,435
 
 
 
22
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
10,949
 
    5,666       2,268  
Amortized cost
  
 
65
 
 
 
923
 
 
 
2,492
 
 
 
7,428
 
 
 
22
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
10,930
 
    5,627       2,271  
Yield
  
 
1.84
 % 
 
 
2.21
 % 
 
 
1.27
 % 
 
 
1.69
 % 
 
 
2.19
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
1.64
 % 
    3.05  %      3.92  % 
U.S. federal government and agencies debt
                  
Fair value
  
 
1,007
 
 
 
25,131
 
 
 
7,287
 
 
 
24,450
 
 
 
14,862
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
72,737
 
    53,574       2,809  
Amortized cost
  
 
1,007
 
 
 
24,680
 
 
 
7,462
 
 
 
24,708
 
 
 
14,993
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
72,850
 
    53,420       2,806  
Yield
  
 
0.12
 % 
 
 
0.39
 % 
 
 
0.67
 % 
 
 
1.04
 % 
 
 
2.07
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
0.98
 % 
    0.30  %      1.67  % 
U.S. states, municipalities, and agencies
                  
Fair value
  
 
583
 
 
 
6,245
 
 
 
11,034
 
 
 
22,318
 
 
 
22,381
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
62,561
 
    60,755       40,349  
Amortized cost
  
 
579
 
 
 
6,127
 
 
 
10,990
 
 
 
22,458
 
 
 
22,299
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
62,453
 
    60,425       40,408  
Yield
  
 
2.28
 % 
 
 
2.27
 % 
 
 
2.64
 % 
 
 
1.39
 % 
 
 
0.51
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
1.39
 % 
    1.37  %      2.42  % 
Other OECD government-guaranteed debt
                  
Fair value
  
 
7,489
 
 
 
14,757
 
 
 
13,467
 
 
 
3,315
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
39,028
 
    37,518       28,190  
Amortized cost
  
 
7,483
 
 
 
15,754
 
 
 
13,123
 
 
 
3,373
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
39,733
 
    37,140       28,019  
Yield
  
 
0.12
 % 
 
 
0.45
 % 
 
 
0.41
 % 
 
 
0.66
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
0.39
 % 
    0.47  %      0.63  % 
Other debt securities
                  
Asset-backed securities
                  
Fair value
  
 
654
 
 
 
4,994
 
 
 
8,200
 
 
 
6,504
 
 
 
12,854
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
33,206
 
    27,126       28,698  
Amortized cost
  
 
654
 
 
 
4,989
 
 
 
8,204
 
 
 
6,512
 
 
 
12,813
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
33,172
 
    27,197       28,763  
Yield
  
 
0.10
 % 
 
 
1.15
 % 
 
 
1.39
 % 
 
 
1.46
 % 
 
 
0.93
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
1.17
 % 
    1.86  %      2.69  % 
Non-agency
CMO
                  
Fair value
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
16,376
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
16,376
 
    17,310       16,384  
Amortized cost
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
16,214
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
16,214
 
    16,992       16,236  
Yield
  
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
2.77
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
2.77
 % 
    2.85  %      2.83  % 
Canadian issuers
                  
Fair value
  
 
–
 
 
 
89
 
 
 
1,101
 
 
 
934
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,128
 
    889       99  
Amortized cost
  
 
–
 
 
 
88
 
 
 
1,110
 
 
 
931
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,133
 
    887       99  
Yield
  
 
–
 % 
 
 
0.83
 % 
 
 
1.25
 % 
 
 
1.58
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
1.37
 % 
    2.79  %      2.56  % 
Other issuers
                  
Fair value
  
 
1,941
 
 
 
2,997
 
 
 
1,841
 
 
 
2,036
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
8,815
 
    8,046       7,189  
Amortized cost
  
 
1,938
 
 
 
2,993
 
 
 
1,867
 
 
 
2,063
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
8,861
 
    8,010       7,124  
Yield
  
 
0.61
 % 
 
 
0.76
 % 
 
 
0.32
 % 
 
 
1.21
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
0.74
 % 
    0.69  %      1.07  % 
Total debt securities at amortized cost
                  
Fair value
  
$
    24,809
 
 
$
    56,220
 
 
$
    50,867
 
 
$
    68,270
 
 
$
    68,286
 
 
$
    –
 
 
$
    268,452
 
  $     228,873     $     130,745  
Amortized cost
  
 
24,786
 
 
 
56,633
 
 
 
50,640
 
 
 
68,761
 
 
 
68,119
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
268,939
 
    227,679       130,497  
Yield
  
 
0.28
 % 
 
 
0.76
 % 
 
 
1.23
 % 
 
 
1.27
 % 
 
 
1.54
 % 
 
 
–
 % 
 
 
1.13
 % 
    1.10  %      2.07  % 
 
1
Yields represent the weighted-average yield of each security owned at the end of the period. The effective yield includes the contractual interest or stated dividend rate and is adjusted for the amortization of premiums and discounts; the effect of related hedging activities is excluded.
2
There were no securities from a single issuer where the book value was greater than 10% as at October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
3
Represents contractual maturities. Actual maturities may differ due to prepayment privileges in the applicable contract.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 98

TABLE 60: LOAN PORTFOLIO – Maturity Schedule
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
As at
 
  
 
Remaining
term-to-maturity
 
              
  
 
Under
1 year
 
 
  
 

1 to

5 years
 

 
  
 
Over
5 years
 
 
  
 
Total
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
     Total  
                             
October 31
2021
     October 31
2020
     October 31
2019
     October 31
2018
     October 31
2017
 
Canada
                       
Residential mortgages
  
$
27,056
 
  
$
200,688
 
  
$
3,931
 
  
$
231,675
 
   $ 213,239      $ 200,952      $ 193,829      $ 190,325  
Consumer instalment and other personal
                       
HELOC
  
 
40,139
 
  
 
61,757
 
  
 
37
 
  
 
101,933
 
     94,838        91,053        86,159        74,937  
Indirect Auto
  
 
846
 
  
 
13,492
 
  
 
13,242
 
  
 
27,580
 
     27,350        25,697        24,216        22,282  
Other
  
 
17,753
 
  
 
889
 
  
 
615
 
  
 
19,257
 
     18,277        18,453        18,570        17,347  
Credit card
  
 
15,149
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
15,149
 
     15,552        18,428        18,046        18,028  
Total personal
  
 
100,943
 
  
 
276,826
 
  
 
17,825
 
  
 
395,594
 
     369,256        354,583        340,820        322,919  
Real estate
                       
Residential
  
 
9,211
 
  
 
9,314
 
  
 
6,191
 
  
 
24,716
 
     22,698        19,801        18,336        17,951  
Non-residential
  
 
9,360
 
  
 
5,949
 
  
 
3,532
 
  
 
18,841
 
     17,514        15,827        13,540        12,721  
Total real estate
  
 
18,571
 
  
 
15,263
 
  
 
9,723
 
  
 
43,557
 
     40,212        35,628        31,876        30,672  
Total business and government (including real estate)
  
 
70,572
 
  
 
36,725
 
  
 
14,805
 
  
 
122,102
 
     115,472        112,600        104,501        90,793  
Total loans – Canada
  
 
171,515
 
  
 
313,551
 
  
 
32,630
 
  
 
517,696
 
     484,728        467,183        445,321        413,712  
United States
                       
Residential mortgages
  
 
1,350
 
  
 
293
 
  
 
34,930
 
  
 
36,573
 
     38,832        34,501        31,128        31,460  
Consumer instalment and other personal
                       
HELOC
  
 
7,714
 
  
 
49
 
  
 
963
 
  
 
8,726
 
     10,937        11,526        12,334        12,434  
Indirect Auto
  
 
338
 
  
 
18,933
 
  
 
12,279
 
  
 
31,550
 
     33,087        32,454        29,870        29,182  
Other
  
 
180
 
  
 
585
 
  
 
4
 
  
 
769
 
     943        1,115        878        854  
Credit card
  
 
15,584
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
15,584
 
     16,777        18,129        16,964        14,972  
Total personal
  
 
25,166
 
  
 
19,860
 
  
 
48,176
 
  
 
93,202
 
     100,576        97,725        91,174        88,902  
Real estate
                       
Residential
  
 
1,712
 
  
 
3,129
 
  
 
4,401
 
  
 
9,242
 
     10,200        8,880        8,078        7,346  
Non-residential
  
 
3,599
 
  
 
10,823
 
  
 
7,100
 
  
 
21,522
 
     25,229        24,255        22,521        22,274  
Total real estate
  
 
5,311
 
  
 
13,952
 
  
 
11,501
 
  
 
30,764
 
     35,429        33,135        30,599        29,620  
Total business and government (including real estate)
  
 
29,383
 
  
 
54,854
 
  
 
43,514
 
  
 
127,751
 
     148,501        133,659        127,523        122,691  
Total loans – United States
  
 
54,549
 
  
 
74,714
 
  
 
91,690
 
  
 
220,953
 
     249,077        231,384        218,697        211,593  
Other International
                       
Personal
  
 
34
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
34
 
     12        12        14        14  
Business and government
  
 
8,573
 
  
 
1,654
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
10,227
 
     9,206        5,781        5,469        4,478  
Total loans – Other international
  
 
8,607
 
  
 
1,654
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
10,261
 
     9,218        5,793        5,483        4,492  
Other loans
                       
Debt securities classified as loans
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
     n/a        n/a        n/a        3,209  
Acquired credit-impaired loans
  
 
6
 
  
 
19
 
  
 
127
 
  
 
152
 
     232        313        453        665  
Total other loans
  
 
6
 
  
 
19
 
  
 
127
 
  
 
152
 
     232        313        453        3,874  
Total loans
  
$
    234,677
 
  
$
    389,938
 
  
$
    124,447
 
  
$
    749,062
 
   $     743,255      $     704,673      $     669,954      $     633,671  
 
TABLE 61: LOAN PORTFOLIO – Rate Sensitivity
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
 
                    
 
As at
 
         
  
 
October 31, 2021
 
     October 31, 2020        October 31, 2019        October 31, 2018        October 31, 2017  
     
1 to
5 years
    
Over
5 years
    
1 to
5 years
    
Over
5 years
    
1 to
5 years
    
Over
5 years
    
1 to
5 years
    
Over
5 years
    
1 to
5 years
    
Over
5 years
 
Fixed rate
  
$
277,593
 
  
$
94,752
 
   $ 269,533      $ 97,698      $ 228,904      $ 91,698      $ 218,098      $ 84,450      $ 197,483      $ 84,080  
Variable rate
  
 
112,345
 
  
 
29,695
 
     97,391        35,943        99,430        34,991        95,861        34,018        79,447        36,093  
Total
  
$
    389,938
 
  
$
    124,447
 
   $     366,924      $     133,641      $     328,334      $     126,689      $     313,959      $     118,468      $     276,930      $     120,173  
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 99

The changes in the Bank’s allowance for loan losses for the years ended October 31 are shown in the following table.
 
TABLE 62:  ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
 
2021
 
    2020       2019       2018       2017  
Allowance for loan losses – Balance at beginning of year
  
$
8,290
 
  $ 4,447     $ 3,549     $ 3,475     $ 3,873  
Provision for credit losses
  
 
(225
) 
    7,239       3,030       2,472       2,216  
Write-offs
          
Canada
          
Residential mortgages
  
 
13
 
    13       17       15       22  
Consumer instalment and other personal
          
HELOC
  
 
8
 
    9       11       8       11  
Indirect Auto
  
 
207
 
    303       284       251       337  
Other
  
 
186
 
    267       256       216       216  
Credit card
  
 
402
 
    620       585       557       595  
Total personal
  
 
816
 
    1,212       1,153       1,047       1,181  
Real estate
          
Residential
  
 
–
 
    2       2       2       1  
Non-residential
  
 
1
 
    1       1       1       2  
Total real estate
  
 
1
 
    3       3       3       3  
Total business and government (including real estate)
  
 
144
 
    127       96       75       75  
Total Canada
  
 
960
 
    1,339       1,249       1,122       1,256  
United States
          
Residential mortgages
  
 
3
 
    13       14       16       19  
Consumer instalment and other personal
          
HELOC
  
 
1
 
    9       15       22       39  
Indirect Auto
  
 
285
 
    476       450       387       315  
Other
  
 
161
 
    197       204       192       152  
Credit card
  
 
609
 
    1,100       1,114       958       777  
Total personal
  
 
1,059
 
    1,795       1,797       1,575       1,302  
Real estate
          
Residential
  
 
5
 
    5       2       1       3  
Non-residential
  
 
3
 
    11       7       10       6  
Total real estate
  
 
8
 
    16       9       11       9  
Total business and government (including real estate)
  
 
154
 
    302       129       79       91  
Total United States
  
 
1,213
 
    2,097       1,926       1,654       1,393  
Other International
          
Personal
  
 
–
 
    –       –       –       –  
Business and government
  
 
–
 
    –       –       –       –  
Total other international
  
 
–
 
    –       –       –       –  
Other loans
          
Debt securities classified as loans
  
 
n/a
 
    n/a       n/a       n/a       9  
Acquired credit-impaired loans
2,3
  
 
–
 
    1       3       2       1  
Total other loans
  
 
–
 
    1       3       2       10  
Total write-offs against portfolio
  
 
2,173
 
    3,437       3,178       2,778       2,659  
Recoveries
          
Canada
          
Residential mortgages
  
 
1
 
    1       –       1       2  
Consumer instalment and other personal
          
HELOC
  
 
1
 
    –       –       1       1  
Indirect Auto
  
 
55
 
    68       54       58       90  
Other
  
 
49
 
    39       36       37       41  
Credit card
  
 
97
 
    91       87       87       98  
Total personal
  
 
203
 
    199       177       184       232  
Real estate
          
Residential
  
 
–
 
    –       –       –       1  
Non-residential
  
 
–
 
    1       –       –       –  
Total real estate
  
 
–
 
    1       –       –       1  
Total business and government (including real estate)
  
 
18
 
    15       20       17       20  
Total Canada
  
 
221
 
    214       197       201       252  
United States
          
Residential mortgages
  
 
5
 
    2       1       2       4  
Consumer instalment and other personal
          
HELOC
  
 
7
 
    5       4       4       11  
Indirect Auto
  
 
182
 
    141       132       116       100  
Other
  
 
23
 
    25       26       35       24  
Credit card
  
 
206
 
    216       210       173       154  
Total personal
  
 
423
 
    389       373       330       293  
Real estate
          
Residential
  
 
1
 
    2       2       2       2  
Non-residential
  
 
4
 
    2       2       7       8  
Total real estate
  
 
5
 
    4       4       9       10  
Total business and government (including real estate)
  
 
26
 
    28       23       42       58  
Total United States
  
 
449
 
    417       396       372       351  
Other International
          
Personal
  
 
–
 
    –       –       –       –  
Business and government
  
 
–
 
    –       –       –       –  
Total other international
  
 
–
 
    –       –       –       –  
Other loans
          
Debt securities classified as loans
  
 
n/a
 
    n/a       n/a       n/a       –  
Acquired credit-impaired loans
2,3
  
 
5
 
    9       16       16       22  
Total other loans
  
 
5
 
    9       16       16       22  
Total recoveries on portfolio
  
 
675
 
    640       609       589       625  
Net write-offs
  
 
(1,498
) 
    (2,797 )      (2,569 )      (2,189 )      (2,034 ) 
Disposals
  
 
(4
) 
    (22 )      (3 )      (46 )      (83 ) 
Foreign exchange and other adjustments
  
 
(404
) 
    (75 )      (4 )      49       (122 ) 
Total allowance for loan losses, including
off-balance
sheet positions
  
 
6,159
 
    8,792       4,003       3,761       3,850  
Less: Change in allowance for
off-balance
sheet positions
4,5
  
 
(231
) 
    502       (444 )      212       67  
Total allowance for loan losses, at end of period
5
  
$
    6,390
 
  $     8,290     $     4,447     $     3,549     $     3,783  
Ratio of net write-offs in the period to average loans outstanding
  
 
0.20 
% 
    0.41  %      0.38  %      0.34  %      0.33  % 
 
1
Opening balance of allowance for loan losses effective November 1, 2017 was booked in accordance with IFRS 9. Allowance for loan losses prior to November 1, 2017 was booked in accordance with IAS 39.
2
Includes all FDIC covered loans and other ACI loans.
3
Other adjustments are required as a result of the accounting for FDIC covered loans.
4
The allowance for loan losses for
off-balance
sheet positions is recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
5
In the fourth quarter of 2019, the Bank revised its allocation methodology for the reporting of Allowance for Credit Losses for
off-balance
sheet instruments for certain retail portfolios.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 100

TABLE 63:  AVERAGE DEPOSITS
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
                                 
 
For the years ended
 
 
 
October 31, 2021
 
    October 31, 2020       October 31, 2019  
   
 
Average
balance
 
 
 
 

Total
interest
expense
 
 
 
 
 
Average
rate paid
 
 
   
Average
balance
 
 
   

Total
interest
expense
 
 
 
   
Average
rate paid
 
 
   
Average
balance
 
 
   

Total
interest
expense
 
 
 
   
Average
rate paid
 
 
Deposits booked in Canada
2
                 
Non-interest-bearing
demand deposits
 
$
21,994
 
 
$
–
 
 
 
–
 % 
  $ 17,331     $ –       –  %    $ 14,058     $ –       –  % 
Interest-bearing demand deposits
 
 
115,541
 
 
 
820
 
 
 
0.71
 
    95,184       1,057       1.11       75,709       1,579       2.09  
Notice deposits
 
 
307,910
 
 
 
175
 
 
 
0.06
 
    256,708       384       0.15       222,249       786       0.35  
Term deposits
 
 
232,258
 
 
 
2,152
 
 
 
0.93
 
    251,314       4,189       1.67       246,078       5,598       2.27  
Total deposits booked in Canada
 
 
677,703
 
 
 
3,147
 
 
 
0.46
 
    620,537       5,630       0.91       558,094       7,963       1.43  
                 
Deposits booked in the United States
                 
Non-interest-bearing
demand deposits
 
 
12,276
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    10,899       –       –       9,745       1       0.01  
Interest-bearing demand deposits
 
 
21,524
 
 
 
42
 
 
 
0.20
 
    10,075       50       0.50       5,147       43       0.84  
Notice deposits
 
 
444,995
 
 
 
330
 
 
 
0.07
 
    405,965       1,678       0.41       330,301       3,862       1.17  
Term deposits
 
 
48,200
 
 
 
162
 
 
 
0.34
 
    64,182       837       1.30       59,534       1,435       2.41  
Total deposits booked in the United States
 
 
526,995
 
 
 
534
 
 
 
0.10
 
    491,121       2,565       0.52       404,727       5,341       1.32  
                 
Deposits booked in the other international
                 
Non-interest-bearing
demand deposits
 
 
25
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    14       –       –       162       –       –  
Interest-bearing demand deposits
 
 
38
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    2,415       4       0.17       627       1       0.16  
Notice deposits
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    –       –       –       –       –       –  
Term deposits
 
 
28,474
 
 
 
61
 
 
 
0.21
 
    25,280       248       0.98       26,449       427       1.61  
Total deposits booked in other international
 
 
28,537
 
 
 
61
 
 
 
0.21
 
    27,709       252       0.91       27,238       428       1.57  
Total average deposits
 
$
    1,233,235
 
 
$
    3,742
 
 
 
0.30
 % 
  $   1,139,367     $     8,447       0.74  %    $     990,059     $     13,732       1.39  % 
 
1
 
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
2
 
As at October 31, 2021, deposits by foreign depositors in TD’s Canadian bank offices amounted to $147 billion (October 31, 2020 – $154 billion, October 31, 2019 – $152 billion).
 
TABLE 64:  DEPOSITS – Denominations of $100,000 or greater
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
                                      
 
As at
 
  
 
Remaining
term-to-maturity
 
  
  
 
Within 3
months
 
 
  
 
3 months to
6 months
 
 
  
 
6 months to
12 months
 
 
  
 
Over
12 months
 
 
  
 
Total
 
    
 
October 31, 2021
 
Canada
  
$
62,340
 
  
$
32,675
 
  
$
30,006
 
  
$
81,021
 
  
$
206,042
 
United States
  
 
12,023
 
  
 
9,857
 
  
 
18,219
 
  
 
2,895
 
  
 
42,994
 
Other international
  
 
15,177
 
  
 
8,300
 
  
 
10,908
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
34,385
 
Total
  
$
89,540
 
  
$
50,832
 
  
$
59,133
 
  
$
83,916
 
  
$
283,421
 
       October 31, 2020  
Canada
   $ 72,278      $ 30,196      $ 36,774      $ 79,758      $ 219,006  
United States
     19,326        9,577        17,495        3,288        49,686  
Other international
     11,261        4,135        3,039        –        18,435  
Total
   $ 102,865      $ 43,908      $ 57,308      $ 83,046      $ 287,127  
       October 31, 2019  
Canada
   $ 64,039      $ 17,069      $ 43,559      $ 97,659      $ 222,326  
United States
     19,616        12,220        28,143        2,755        62,734  
Other international
     17,234        2,880        3,601        –        23,715  
Total
   $     100,889      $     32,169      $     75,303      $     100,414      $     308,775  
 
1
Deposits in Canada, U.S., and Other international include wholesale and retail deposits.
 
TABLE 65:  SHORT-TERM BORROWINGS
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
                  
 
As at
 
    
 
October 31
2021
 
 
   
October 31
2020
 
 
   
October 31
2019
 
 
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements
      
Balance at
year-end
  
$
    144,097
 
  $     188,876     $     125,856  
Average balance during the year
  
 
181,950
 
    165,653       119,782  
Maximum
month-end
balance
  
 
182,144
 
    198,705       126,115  
Weighted-average rate at October 31
  
 
0.23
 % 
    0.27  %      1.54  % 
Weighted-average rate during the year
  
 
0.18
 
    0.72       1.98  
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 101

TABLE 66:  NET INTEREST INCOME ON AVERAGE INTEREST-EARNING BALANCES
1,2,3
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2021
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    2020    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    2019  
 
 
 

Average

balance
 

 
 
 
Interest
4
 
 
 

Average

rate
 

 
   
Average
balance
 
 
    Interest
4
     
Average
rate
 
 
   
Average
balance
 
 
    Interest
4
     
Average
rate
 
 
Interest-earning assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits with Banks
                 
Canada
 
$
86,745
 
 
$
191
 
 
 
0.22
% 
  $ 50,740     $ 142       0.28  %    $ 6,846     $ 128       1.87  % 
U.S.
 
 
90,459
 
 
 
108
 
 
 
0.12
 
    55,810       194       0.35       24,078       532       2.21  
Securities
                 
Trading
                 
Canada
 
 
82,474
 
 
 
1,734
 
 
 
2.10
 
    70,972       1,985       2.80       62,433       1,973       3.16  
U.S.
 
 
16,135
 
 
 
232
 
 
 
1.44
 
    22,997       386       1.68       20,254       506       2.50  
Non-trading
                 
Canada
 
 
76,788
 
 
 
840
 
 
 
1.09
 
    64,357       1,257       1.95       46,854       1,387       2.96  
U.S.
 
 
227,702
 
 
 
1,877
 
 
 
0.82
 
    199,395       2,948       1.48       169,275       4,641       2.74  
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements
                 
Canada
 
 
76,690
 
 
 
214
 
 
 
0.28
 
    76,533       752       0.98       66,015       1,250       1.89  
U.S.
 
 
40,788
 
 
 
124
 
 
 
0.30
 
    47,797       592       1.24       45,423       1,381       3.04  
Loans
                 
Residential mortgages
5
                 
Canada
 
 
234,147
 
 
 
5,022
 
 
 
2.14
 
    217,734       5,622       2.58       207,289       6,089       2.94  
U.S.
 
 
36,641
 
 
 
1,200
 
 
 
3.28
 
    37,871       1,374       3.63       32,821       1,253       3.82  
Consumer instalment and other personal
                 
Canada
 
 
142,990
 
 
 
5,319
 
 
 
3.72
 
    135,265       5,450       4.03       130,719       5,762       4.41  
U.S.
 
 
40,819
 
 
 
1,498
 
 
 
3.67
 
    44,886       1,934       4.31       43,372       2,004       4.62  
Credit card
                 
Canada
 
 
15,338
 
 
 
1,926
 
 
 
12.56
 
    17,512       2,245       12.82       19,197       2,422       12.62  
U.S.
 
 
14,559
 
 
 
2,234
 
 
 
15.34
 
    16,976       2,764       16.28       17,679       2,913       16.48  
Business and government
5
                 
Canada
 
 
112,195
 
 
 
2,461
 
 
 
2.19
 
    116,263       2,975       2.56       100,408       3,506       3.49  
U.S.
 
 
129,583
 
 
 
3,882
 
 
 
3.00
 
    141,387       4,352       3.08       125,914       4,800       3.81  
International
6
 
 
126,147
 
 
 
719
 
 
 
0.57
 
    106,613       861       0.81       105,401       1,397       1.33  
Total interest-earning assets
7
 
 
1,550,200
 
 
 
29,581
 
 
 
1.91
 
    1,423,108       35,833       2.52       1,223,978       41,944       3.43  
                 
Interest-bearing liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
                 
Personal
8
                 
Canada
 
 
283,118
 
 
 
564
 
 
 
0.20
 
    252,704       1,167       0.46       224,374       1,624       0.72  
U.S.
 
 
314,428
 
 
 
129
 
 
 
0.04
 
    297,021       1,318       0.44       246,986       3,246       1.31  
Banks
9,10
                 
Canada
 
 
16,526
 
 
 
19
 
 
 
0.11
 
    14,376       77       0.54       11,414       169       1.48  
U.S.
 
 
544
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
0.18
 
    1,424       3       0.21       2,346       44       1.88  
Business and government
9,10
                 
Canada
 
 
313,980
 
 
 
2,564
 
 
 
0.82
 
    303,449       4,386       1.45       279,571       6,170       2.21  
U.S.
 
 
134,326
 
 
 
404
 
 
 
0.30
 
    127,150       1,244       0.98       101,874       2,051       2.01  
Subordinated notes and debentures
 
 
11,372
 
 
 
374
 
 
 
3.29
 
    11,922       426       3.57       9,589       395       4.12  
Obligations related to securities sold short and under repurchase agreements
                 
Canada
 
 
105,769
 
 
 
592
 
 
 
0.56
 
    95,110       1,044       1.10       60,173       1,281       2.13  
U.S.
 
 
56,450
 
 
 
168
 
 
 
0.30
 
    61,484       583       0.95       57,028       1,602       2.81  
Securitization liabilities
11
 
 
29,105
 
 
 
343
 
 
 
1.18
 
    28,220       379       1.34       27,023       522       1.93  
Other liabilities
                 
Canada
 
 
4,920
 
 
 
97
 
 
 
1.97
 
    7,267       173       2.38       5,669       154       2.72  
U.S.
 
 
5,706
 
 
 
92
 
 
 
1.61
 
    3,047       99       3.25       35       4       11.43  
International
9,10
 
 
86,877
 
 
 
103
 
 
 
0.12
 
    70,007       437       0.62       67,833       861       1.27  
Total interest-bearing liabilities
7
 
 
1,363,121
 
 
 
5,450
 
 
 
0.40
 
    1,273,181       11,336       0.89       1,093,915       18,123       1.66  
Total interest-earning assets, net interest income, and net interest margin
 
$
    1,550,200
 
 
$
    24,131
 
 
 
1.56
 % 
  $     1,423,108     $     24,497       1.72  %    $     1,223,978     $     23,821       1.95  % 
Add: non-interest earning assets
 
 
180,360
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    181,000       –       –       165,884       –       –  
Total assets, net interest income and margin
 
$
    1,730,560
 
 
$
    24,131
 
 
 
1.39
 % 
  $ 1,604,108     $     24,497       1.53  %    $     1,389,862     $     23,821       1.71  % 
 
1
 
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
2
 
Net interest income includes dividends on securities.
3
 
Geographic classification of assets and liabilities is based on the domicile of the booking point of assets and liabilities.
4
 
Interest income includes loan fees earned by the Bank, which are recognized in net interest income over the life of the loan through the effective interest rate method (EIRM).
5
 
Includes average trading loans of $13 billion (2020 – $13 billion, 2019 – $12 billion).
6
 
Comprised of interest-bearing deposits with Banks, securities, securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements, and business and government loans.
7
Average interest-earning assets and average interest-bearing liabilities are
non-GAAP
financial measures that depict the Bank’s financial position, and are calculated using daily balances. For additional information about the Bank’s use of
non-GAAP
financial measures, refer to
“Non-GAAP
and Other Financial Measures” in the “Financial Results Overview” section of this document.
8
Includes charges incurred on the Schwab IDA Agreement of $1.6 billion (2020 – charge on the TD Ameritrade IDA agreement – $1.9 billion and Schwab IDA Agreement – $136 million, 2019 – charges on TD Ameritrade IDA Agreement – $2.2 billion).
9
 
Includes average trading deposits with a fair value of $34 billion (2020 – $24 billion, 2019 – $61 billion).
10
 
Includes average deposit designated at FVTPL of $76 billion (2020 – $95 billion, 2019 – $59 billion).
11
 
Includes average securitization liabilities at fair value of $14 billion (2020 – $13 billion, 2019 – $13 billion) and average securitization liabilities at amortized cost of $15 billion (2020 – $15 billion, 2019 – $14 billion).
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 102

The following table presents an analysis of the change in net interest income of volume and interest rate changes. In this analysis, changes due to volume/ interest rate variance have been allocated to average interest rate.
 
TABLE 67:  ANALYSIS OF CHANGE IN NET INTEREST INCOME
1,2,3
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
2021 vs. 2020
 
    2020 vs. 2019  
  
 
Increase (decrease) due to changes in
 
    Increase (decrease) due to changes in  
 
  
 
Average volume
 
 
 
Average rate
 
 
 
Net change
 
    Average volume       Average rate       Net change  
Interest-earning assets
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
            
Canada
  
$
102
 
 
$
(53
) 
 
$
49
 
  $ 823     $ (809 )    $ 14  
U.S.
  
 
121
 
 
 
(207
) 
 
 
(86
) 
    702       (1,040 )      (338 ) 
Securities
            
Trading
            
Canada
  
 
321
 
 
 
(572
) 
 
 
(251
) 
    270       (258 )      12  
U.S.
  
 
(115
) 
 
 
(39
) 
 
 
(154
) 
    69       (189 )      (120 ) 
Non-trading
            
Canada
  
 
243
 
 
 
(660
) 
 
 
(417
) 
    518       (648 )      (130 ) 
U.S.
  
 
418
 
 
 
(1,489
) 
 
 
(1,071
) 
    826       (2,519 )      (1,693 ) 
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements
            
Canada
  
 
2
 
 
 
(540
) 
 
 
(538
) 
    199       (697 )      (498 ) 
U.S.
  
 
(87
) 
 
 
(381
) 
 
 
(468
) 
    72       (861 )      (789 ) 
Loans
            
Residential mortgages
            
Canada
  
 
424
 
 
 
(1,024
) 
 
 
(600
) 
    307       (774 )      (467 ) 
U.S.
  
 
(45
) 
 
 
(129
) 
 
 
(174
) 
    193       (72 )      121  
Consumer instalment and other personal
            
Canada
  
 
311
 
 
 
(442
) 
 
 
(131
) 
    200       (512 )      (312 ) 
U.S.
  
 
(175
) 
 
 
(261
) 
 
 
(436
) 
    70       (140 )      (70 ) 
Credit card
            
Canada
  
 
(279
) 
 
 
(40
) 
 
 
(319
) 
    (212 )      35       (177 ) 
U.S.
  
 
(394
) 
 
 
(136
) 
 
 
(530
) 
    (116 )      (33 )      (149 ) 
Business and government
            
Canada
  
 
(104
) 
 
 
(410
) 
 
 
(514
) 
    554       (1,085 )      (531 ) 
U.S.
  
 
(364
) 
 
 
(106
) 
 
 
(470
) 
    590       (1,038 )      (448 ) 
International
  
 
104
 
 
 
(246
) 
 
 
(142
) 
    (41 )      (495 )      (536 ) 
Total interest income
  
 
    483
 
 
 
    (6,735
) 
 
 
    (6,252
) 
        5,024           (11,135 )          (6,111 ) 
            
Interest-bearing liabilities
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
            
Personal
            
Canada
  
 
140
 
 
 
(743
) 
 
 
(603
) 
    205       (662 )      (457 ) 
U.S.
  
 
77
 
 
 
(1,266
) 
 
 
(1,189
) 
    658       (2,586 )      (1,928 ) 
Banks
            
Canada
  
 
11
 
 
 
(69
) 
 
 
(58
) 
    44       (136 )      (92 ) 
U.S.
  
 
(2
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(2
) 
    (17 )      (24 )      (41 ) 
Business and government
            
Canada
  
 
152
 
 
 
(1,974
) 
 
 
(1,822
) 
    527       (2,311 )      (1,784 ) 
U.S.
  
 
70
 
 
 
(910
) 
 
 
(840
) 
    509       (1,316 )      (807 ) 
Subordinated notes and debentures
  
 
(20
) 
 
 
(32
) 
 
 
(52
) 
    97       (66 )      31  
Obligations related to securities sold short and under repurchase agreements
            
Canada
  
 
117
 
 
 
(569
) 
 
 
(452
) 
    744       (981 )      (237 ) 
U.S.
  
 
(48
) 
 
 
(367
) 
 
 
(415
) 
    125       (1,144 )      (1,019 ) 
Securitization liabilities
  
 
12
 
 
 
(48
) 
 
 
(36
) 
    23       (166 )      (143 ) 
Other liabilities
            
Canada
  
 
(56
) 
 
 
(20
) 
 
 
(76
) 
    43       (24 )      19  
U.S.
  
 
87
 
 
 
(94
) 
 
 
(7
) 
    366       (271 )      95  
International
  
 
79
 
 
 
(413
) 
 
 
(334
) 
    20       (444 )      (424 ) 
Total interest expense
  
 
619
 
 
 
(6,505
) 
 
 
(5,886
) 
    3,344       (10,131 )      (6,787 ) 
Net interest income
  
$
(136
) 
 
$
(230
) 
 
$
(366
) 
  $ 1,680     $ (1,004 )    $ 676  
 
1
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
2
Geographic classification of assets and liabilities is based on the domicile of the booking point of assets and liabilities.
3
 
Interest income includes loan fees earned by the Bank, which are recognized in net interest income over the life of the loan through the EIRM.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 103

 
GLOSSARY
Financial and Banking Terms
 
Adjusted Results:
Non-GAAP
financial measures used to assess each of the Bank’s businesses and to measure the Bank’s overall performance. To arrive at adjusted results, the Bank adjusts for “items of note”, from reported results. The items of note relate to items which management does not believe are indicative of underlying business performance.
Allowance for Credit Losses:
Represent expected credit losses (ECLs) on financial assets, including any
off-balance
sheet exposures, at the balance sheet date. Allowance for credit losses consists of Stage 3 allowance for impaired financial assets and Stage 2 and Stage 1 allowance for performing financial assets and
off-balance
sheet instruments. The allowance is increased by the provision for credit losses, decreased by write-offs net of recoveries and disposals, and impacted by foreign exchange.
Amortized Cost:
The amount at which a financial asset or financial liability is measured at initial recognition minus principal repayments, plus or minus the cumulative amortization, using EIRM, of any differences between the initial amount and the maturity amount, and minus any reduction for impairment.
Assets under Administration (AUA):
Assets that are beneficially owned by customers where the Bank provides services of an administrative nature, such as the collection of investment income and the placing of trades on behalf of the clients (where the client has made his or her own investment selection). The majority of these assets are not reported on the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Assets under Management (AUM):
Assets that are beneficially owned by customers, managed by the Bank, where the Bank has discretion to make investment selections on behalf of the client (in accordance with an investment policy). In addition to the TD family of mutual funds, the Bank manages assets on behalf of individuals, pension funds, corporations, institutions, endowments and foundations. These assets are not reported on the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. Some assets under management that are also administered by the Bank are included in assets under administration.
Asset-Backed Commercial Paper (ABCP):
A form of commercial paper that is collateralized by other financial assets. Institutional investors usually purchase such instruments in order to diversify their assets and generate short-term gains.
Asset-Backed Securities (ABS):
A security whose value and income payments are derived from and collateralized (or “backed”) by a specified pool of underlying assets.
Average Common Equity:
Average common equity for the business segments reflects the average allocated capital. The Bank’s methodology for allocating capital to its business segments is largely aligned with the common equity capital requirements under Basel III.
Average Interest
-Earning
Assets:
A
non-GAAP
financial measure that depicts the Bank’s financial position, and is calculated as the average carrying value of deposits with banks, loans and securities based on daily balances for the period ending October 31 in each fiscal year.
Basic Earnings per Share (EPS)
: A performance measure calculated by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Adjusted basic EPS is calculated in the same manner using adjusted net income.
Basis Points (bps):
A unit equal to 1/100 of 1%. Thus, a 1% change is equal to 100 basis points.
Book Value per Share:
A measure calculated by dividing common shareholders’ equity by number of common shares at the end of the period.
Carrying Value:
The value at which an asset or liability is carried at on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligation (CMO):
They are collateralized debt obligations consisting of mortgage-backed securities that are separated and issued as different classes of mortgage pass-through securities with different terms, interest rates, and risks. CMOs by private issuers are collectively referred to as
non-agency
CMOs.
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) Capital:
This is a primary Basel III capital measure comprised mainly of common equity, retained earnings and qualifying
non-controlling
interest in subsidiaries. Regulatory deductions made to arrive at the CET1 Capital include goodwill and intangibles, unconsolidated investments in banking, financial, and insurance entities, deferred tax assets, defined benefit pension fund assets, and shortfalls in allowances.
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) Capital Ratio:
CET1 Capital ratio represents the predominant measure of capital adequacy under Basel III and equals CET1 Capital divided by RWA.
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR):
A measure of growth over multiple time periods from the initial investment value to the ending investment value assuming that the investment has been compounding over the time period.
Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA):
CVA represents a capital charge that measures credit risk due to default of derivative counterparties. This charge requires banks to capitalize for the potential changes in counterparty credit spread for the derivative portfolios.
Diluted EPS
: A performance measure calculated by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding adjusting for the effect of all potentially dilutive common shares. Adjusted diluted EPS is calculated in the same manner using adjusted net income.
Dividend Payout Ratio
: A ratio represents the percentage of Bank’s earnings being paid to common shareholders in the form of dividends and is calculated by dividing common dividends by net income available to common shareholders. Adjusted dividend payout ratio is calculated in the same manner using adjusted net income.
Dividend Yield:
A ratio calculated as the dividend per common share for the year divided by the daily average closing stock price during the year.
Effective Income Tax Rate:
A rate and performance indicator calculated by dividing the provision for income taxes as a percentage of net income before taxes. Adjusted effective income tax rate is calculated in the same manner using adjusted results.
Effective Interest Rate (EIR):
The rate that discounts expected future cash flows for the expected life of the financial instrument to its carrying value. The calculation takes into account the contractual interest rate, along with any fees or incremental costs that are directly attributable to the instrument and all other premiums or discounts.
Effective Interest Rate Method (EIRM):
A technique for calculating the actual interest rate in a period based on the amount of a financial instrument’s book value at the beginning of the accounting period. Under EIRM, the effective interest rate, which is a key component of the calculation, discounts the expected future cash inflows and outflows expected over the life of a financial instrument.
Efficiency Ratio:
The efficiency ratio measures operating efficiency and is calculated by taking the
non-interest
expenses as a percentage of total revenue. A lower ratio indicates a more efficient business operation. Adjusted efficiency ratio is calculated in the same manner using adjusted
non-interest
expenses and total revenue.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
  Page 104

 
 
Enhanced Disclosure Task Force (EDTF):
Established by the Financial Stability Board in May 2012, comprised of banks, analysts, investors, and auditors, with the goal of enhancing the risk disclosures of banks and other financial institutions.
Expected Credit Losses (ECLs):
ECLs are the probability-weighted present value of expected cash shortfalls over the remaining expected life of the financial instrument and considers reasonable and supportable information about past events, current conditions, and forecasts of future events and economic conditions that impact the Bank’s credit risk assessment.
Fair Value:
The price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, under current market conditions.
Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI):
Under IFRS 9, if the asset passes the contractual cash flows test (named SPPI), the business model assessment determines how the instrument is classified. If the instrument is being held to collect contractual cash flows, that is, if it is not expected to be sold, it is measured as amortized cost. If the business model for the instrument is to both collect contractual cash flows and potentially sell the asset, it is measured at FVOCI.
Fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL):
Under IFRS 9, the classification is dependent on two tests, a contractual cash flow test (named SPPI) and a business model assessment. Unless the asset meets the requirements of both tests, it is measured at fair value with all changes in fair value reported in profit or loss.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC):
A U.S. government corporation which provides deposit insurance guaranteeing the safety of a depositor’s accounts in member banks. The FDIC also examines and supervises certain financial institutions for safety and soundness, performs certain consumer-protection functions, and manages banks in receiverships (failed banks).
Forward Contracts:
Over-the-counter
contracts between two parties that oblige one party to the contract to buy and the other party to sell an asset for a fixed price at a future date.
Futures:
Exchange-traded contracts to buy or sell a security at a predetermined price on a specified future date.
Hedging:
A risk management technique intended to mitigate the Bank’s exposure to fluctuations in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, or other market factors. The elimination or reduction of such exposure is accomplished by engaging in capital markets activities to establish offsetting positions.
Impaired Loans:
Loans where, in management’s opinion, there has been a deterioration of credit quality to the extent that the Bank no longer has reasonable assurance as to the timely collection of the full amount of principal and interest.
Loss Given Default (LGD):
It is the amount of the loss the Bank would likely incur when a borrower defaults on a loan, which is expressed as a percentage of exposure at default.
Mark-to-Market
(MTM):
A valuation that reflects current market rates as at the balance sheet date for financial instruments that are carried at fair value.
Master Netting Agreements:
Legal agreements between two parties that have multiple derivative contracts with each other that provide for the net settlement of all contracts through a single payment, in a single currency, in the event of default or termination of any one contract.
Net Corporate Expenses:
Non-interest
expenses related to corporate service and control groups which are not allocated to a business segment.
Net Interest Margin:
A
non-GAAP
ratio calculated as net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets to measure performance. This metric is an indicator of the profitability of the Bank’s earning assets less the cost of funding.
Non-Viability
Contingent Capital (NVCC):
Instruments (preferred shares and subordinated debt) that contain a feature or a provision that allows the financial institution to either permanently convert these instruments into common shares or fully write-down the instrument, in the event that the institution is no longer viable.
Notional:
A reference amount on which payments for derivative financial instruments are based.
Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada (OSFI):
The regulator of Canadian federally chartered financial institutions and federally administered pension plans.
Options:
Contracts in which the writer of the option grants the buyer the future right, but not the obligation, to buy or to sell a security, exchange rate, interest rate, or other financial instrument or commodity at a predetermined price at or by a specified future date.
Price-Earnings Ratio
: A ratio calculated by dividing the closing share price by EPS based on a trailing four quarters to indicate market performance. Adjusted price-earnings ratio is calculated in the same manner using adjusted EPS.
Probability of Default (PD):
It is the likelihood that a borrower will not be able to meet its scheduled repayments.
Provision for Credit Losses (PCL):
Amount added to the allowance for credit losses to bring it to a level that management considers adequate to reflect expected credit-related losses on its portfolio.
Return on Common Equity (ROE):
The consolidated Bank ROE is calculated as net income available to common shareholders as a percentage of average common shareholders’ equity, utilized in assessing the Bank’s use of equity. ROE for the business segments is calculated as the segment net income attributable to common shareholders as a percentage of average allocated capital. Adjusted ROE is calculated in the same manner using adjusted net income.
Return on Risk-weighted Assets:
Net income available to common shareholders as a percentage of average risk-weighted assets.
Return on Tangible Common Equity (ROTCE):
A
non-GAAP
financial measure calculated as reported net income available to common shareholders after adjusting for the
after-tax
amortization of acquired intangibles, which are treated as an item of note, as a percentage of average Tangible common equity. Adjusted ROTCE is calculated in the same manner using adjusted net income. Both measures can be utilized in assessing the Bank’s use of equity.
Risk-Weighted Assets (RWA):
Assets calculated by applying a regulatory risk-weight factor to on and
off-balance
sheet exposures. The risk-weight factors are established by the OSFI to convert on and
off-balance
sheet exposures to a comparable risk level.
Securitization:
The process by which financial assets, mainly loans, are transferred to structures, which normally issue a series of asset-backed securities to investors to fund the purchase of loans.
Solely Payments of Principal and Interest (SPPI):
IFRS 9 requires that the following criteria be met in order for a financial instrument to be classified at amortized cost:
•   The entity’s business model relates to managing financial assets (such as bank trading activity), and, as such, an asset is held with the intention of collecting its contractual cash flows; and
•   An asset’s contractual cash flows represent SPPI.
 
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS
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Swaps:
Contracts that involve the exchange of fixed and floating interest rate payment obligations and currencies on a notional principal for a specified period of time.
Tangible common equity (TCE):
A
non-GAAP
financial measure calculated as common shareholders’ equity less goodwill, imputed goodwill, and intangibles on an investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade and other acquired intangible assets, net of related deferred tax liabilities. It can be utilized in assessing the Bank’s use of equity.
Taxable Equivalent Basis (TEB):
A calculation method (not defined in GAAP) that increases revenues and the provision for income taxes on certain
tax-exempt
securities to an equivalent
before-tax
basis to facilitate comparison of net interest income from both taxable and
tax-exempt
sources.
Tier 1 Capital Ratio:
Tier 1 Capital represents the more permanent forms of capital, consisting primarily of common shareholders’ equity, retained earnings, preferred shares and innovative instruments. Tier 1 Capital ratio is calculated as Tier 1 Capital divided by RWA.
Total Capital Ratio:
Total Capital is defined as the total of net Tier 1 and Tier 2 Capital. Total Capital ratio is calculated as Total Capital divided by RWA.
Total Shareholder Return (TSR):
The change in market price plus dividends paid during the year as a percentage of the prior year’s closing market price per common share.
Trading-Related Revenue:
A
non-GAAP
financial measure that is the total of trading income (loss), net interest income on trading positions, and income from financial instruments designated at FVTPL that are managed within a trading portfolio. Trading-related revenue (TEB) in the Wholesale Banking segment, which is part of the total Bank’s trading-related revenue, is also a
non-GAAP
financial measure and is calculated in the same manner, including TEB adjustments. Both are used for measuring trading performance.
Value-at-Risk
(VaR):
A metric used to monitor and control overall risk levels and to calculate the regulatory capital required for market risk in trading activities. VaR measures the adverse impact that potential changes in market rates and prices could have on the value of a portfolio over a specified period of time.
 
 
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2021 ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
0.666750000000

Exhibit 99.3
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
    
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
 
 
 
7
 
 
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
Consolidated Financial Statements
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
12
 
 
 
13
 
 
 
14
 
 
 
 
 
15
 
 
 
 
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 1
  Nature of Operations   
 
16
 
Note 2
  Summary of Significant Accounting Policies   
 
16
 
Note 3
  Significant Accounting Judgments, Estimates, and Assumptions   
 
27
 
Note 4
  Current and Future Changes in Accounting Policies   
 
30
 
Note 5
  Fair Value Measurements   
 
32
 
Note 6
  Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities   
 
42
 
Note 7
  Securities   
 
43
 
Note 8
  Loans, Impaired Loans, and Allowance for Credit Losses   
 
46
 
Note 9
  Transfers of Financial Assets   
 
54
 
Note 10
  Structured Entities   
 
55
 
Note 11
  Derivatives   
 
58
 
Note 12
  Investment in Associates and Joint Ventures   
 
66
 
Note 13
  Significant Acquisitions and Disposals   
 
67
 
Note 14
  Goodwill and Other Intangibles   
 
68
 
Note 15
  Land, Buildings, Equipment, and Other Depreciable Assets   
 
70
 
Note 16
  Other Assets   
 
71
 
Note 17
  Deposits   
 
71
 
Note 18
  Other Liabilities   
 
72
 
Note 19
  Subordinated Notes and Debentures   
 
72
 
Note 20
  Capital Trust Securities   
 
73
 
Note 21
  Equity   
 
73
 
Note 22
  Insurance   
 
75
 
Note 23
  Share-Based Compensation   
 
78
 
Note 24
  Employee Benefits   
 
79
 
Note 25
  Income Taxes   
 
85
 
Note 26
  Earnings Per Share   
 
86
 
Note 27
  Provisions, Contingent Liabilities, Commitments, Guarantees, Pledged Assets, and Collateral   
 
87
 
Note 28
  Related Party Transactions   
 
90
 
Note 29
  Segmented Information   
 
92
 
Note 30
  Interest Income and Expense   
 
94
 
Note 31
  Credit Risk   
 
95
 
Note 32
  Regulatory Capital   
 
96
 
Note 33
  Risk Management   
 
97
 
Note 34
  Information on Subsidiaries   
 
98
 
 
 
TD BANK GROUP
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 1

FINANCIAL RESULTS
Consolidated Financial Statements
MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The management of The Toronto-Dominion Bank and its subsidiaries (the “Bank”) is responsible for the integrity, consistency, objectivity, and reliability of the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bank and related financial information as presented. International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, as well as the requirements of the
Bank Act
(Canada), and related regulations have been applied and management has exercised its judgment and made best estimates where appropriate.
The Bank’s accounting system and related internal controls are designed, and supporting procedures maintained, to provide reasonable assurance that financial records are complete and accurate, and that assets are safeguarded against loss from unauthorized use or disposition. These supporting procedures include the careful selection and training of qualified staff, the establishment of organizational structures providing a well-defined division of responsibilities and accountability for performance, and the communication of policies and guidelines of business conduct throughout the Bank.
Management has assessed the effectiveness of the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting as at October 31, 2021, using the framework found in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 2013 Framework. Based upon this assessment, management has concluded that as at October 31, 2021, the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting is effective.
The Bank’s Board of Directors, acting through the Audit Committee, which is composed entirely of independent directors, oversees management’s responsibilities for financial reporting. The Audit Committee reviews the Consolidated Financial Statements and recommends them to the Board for approval. Other responsibilities of the Audit Committee include monitoring the Bank’s system of internal control over the financial reporting process and making recommendations to the Board and shareholders regarding the appointment of the external auditor.
The Bank’s Chief Auditor, who has full and free access to the Audit Committee, conducts an extensive program of audits. This program supports the system of internal control and is carried out by a professional staff of auditors.
The Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada, makes such examination and enquiry into the affairs of the Bank as deemed necessary to ensure that the provisions of the
Bank Act
, having reference to the safety of the depositors, are being duly observed and that the Bank is in sound financial condition.
Ernst & Young LLP, the independent auditors appointed by the shareholders of the Bank, have audited the effectiveness of the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting as at October 31, 2021, in addition to auditing the Bank’s Consolidated Financial Statements as of the same date. Their reports, which expressed an unqualified opinion, can be found on the following pages of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Ernst & Young LLP have full and free access to, and meet periodically with, the Audit Committee to discuss their audit and matters arising therefrom, such as, comments they may have on the fairness of financial reporting and the adequacy of internal controls.
 
     
Bharat B. Masrani
  
Kelvin Tran
Group President and    Senior Executive Vice President and
Chief Executive Officer            Chief Financial Officer
Toronto, Canada
December 1, 2021
 
     
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Directors of The Toronto-Dominion Bank
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheet of The Toronto-Dominion Bank (TD) as of October 31, 2021 and 2020, the related Consolidated Statement of Income, Comprehensive Income, Changes in Equity, and Cash Flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended October 31, 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”).
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of TD as at October 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its consolidated cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended October 31, 2021, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), TD’s internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2021, based on the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) and our report dated December 1, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of TD’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on TD’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to TD in accordance with U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements, and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
 
    
Allowance for credit losses
Description
of the Matter
  
TD describes its significant accounting judgments, estimates, and assumptions in relation to the allowance for credit losses in Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements. As disclosed in Note 7 and Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements, TD recognized $7,255 million in allowances for credit losses on its consolidated balance sheet using an expected credit loss model (ECL). The ECL is an unbiased and probability-weighted estimate of credit losses expected to occur in the future, which is based on the probability of default (PD), loss given default (LGD) and exposure at default (EAD) or the expected cash shortfall relating to the underlying financial asset. The ECL is determined by evaluating a range of possible outcomes incorporating the time value of money and reasonable and supportable information about past events, current conditions, and future economic forecasts. ECL allowances are measured at amounts equal to either
(i) 12-month
ECL; or (ii) lifetime ECL for those financial instruments that have experienced a significant increase in credit risk (SICR) since initial recognition or when there is objective evidence of impairment.
 
Auditing the allowance for credit losses was complex and required the application of significant judgment and involvement of specialists because of the sophistication of the models, the forward-looking nature of the key assumptions, and the inherent interrelationship of the critical variables used in measuring the ECL. Key areas of judgment include evaluating: (i) the models and methodologies used for measuring both the
12-month
and lifetime expected credit losses; (ii) the assumptions used in the ECL scenarios including forward-looking information (FLI) and assigning probability weighting; (iii) the determination of SICR; and (iv) the assessment of the qualitative component applied to the modelled ECL based on management’s expert credit judgment. Management has applied a significant level of judgment in the areas noted above in determining the impact of
COVID-19
on the allowance for credit losses. Specifically, management has applied judgement in assessing the impact of
COVID-19
on expected credit losses by considering migration in borrower credit scores, industry and geographic specific
COVID-19
impacts, payment support initiatives introduced by TD and governments, and the persistence of the economic shutdown.
 
 
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 7

How We
Addressed the
Matter in Our Audit
  
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of management’s controls over the allowance for credit losses. The controls we tested included, amongst others, the development and validation of models and selection of appropriate inputs including economic forecasting, determination of
non-retail
borrower risk ratings, the integrity of the data used including the associated controls over relevant information technology (IT) systems, and the governance and oversight over the modelled results and the use of expert credit judgment.
 
To test the allowance for credit losses, our audit procedures included, amongst others, involving our credit risk specialists to assess whether the methodology and assumptions, including management’s SICR triggers, used in significant models that estimate the ECL across various portfolios are consistent with the requirements of IFRS and industry standards. This included reperforming the model validation procedures for a sample of models to evaluate whether management’s conclusions were appropriate. With the assistance of our economic specialists, we evaluated the models, methodology and process used by management to develop the FLI variable forecasts for each scenario and the scenario probability weights. For a sample of FLI variables, we compared management’s FLI to independently derived forecasts and publicly available information. On a sample basis, we recalculated the ECL to test the mathematical accuracy of management’s models. We tested the completeness and accuracy of data used in measuring the ECL by agreeing to source documents and systems and evaluated a sample of management’s
non-retail
borrower risk ratings against TD’s risk rating policy. With the assistance of our credit risk specialists, we also evaluated management’s methodology and governance over the application of expert credit judgment by evaluating that the amounts recorded were reflective of underlying credit quality and macroeconomic trends, including the impact of
COVID-19.
We also assessed the adequacy of disclosures related to the allowance for credit losses.
   
    
Fair value measurement of derivatives
Description of
the Matter
  
TD describes its significant accounting judgments, estimates, and assumptions in relation to the fair value measurement of derivatives in Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements. As disclosed in Note 5 of the consolidated financial statements, TD has derivative assets of $54,427 million and derivative liabilities of $57,122 million recorded at fair value. Of these derivatives, certain trades are complex and illiquid and require valuation techniques that may include complex models and
non-observable
inputs, requiring management’s estimation and judgment.
 
Auditing the valuation of certain derivatives required the application of significant auditor judgment and involvement of valuation specialists in assessing the complex models and
non-observable
inputs used, including any significant valuation adjustments applied. Certain valuation inputs used to determine fair value that may be
non-observable
include volatilities, correlations, and credit spreads. The valuation of certain derivatives is sensitive to these inputs as they are forward-looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions.
   
How We
Addressed the
Matter in Our
Audit
  
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of management’s controls, including those related to technology, over the valuation of TD’s derivative portfolio. The controls we tested included, amongst others, the controls over the suitability and mechanical accuracy of models used in the valuation of derivatives, controls over management’s independent assessment of fair values, including the integrity of data used in the valuation such as the significant inputs noted above, controls over relevant IT systems, and controls over the review of significant valuation adjustments applied.
 
To test the valuation of these derivatives, our audit procedures included, amongst others, an evaluation of the methodologies and significant inputs used by TD. With the assistance of our valuation specialists, we performed an independent valuation for a sample of derivatives to assess the modelling assumptions and significant inputs used to estimate the fair value, which involved obtaining significant inputs from independent external sources. For a sample of valuation adjustments, we utilized the assistance of our valuation specialists to evaluate the methodology applied against industry practice and performed a recalculation of these adjustments. We also assessed the adequacy of the disclosures related to the fair value measurement of derivatives.
   
    
Valuation of provision for unpaid claims
Description of
the Matter
  
TD describes its significant accounting judgments, estimates, and assumptions in relation to the valuation of provisions for unpaid claims in Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements. As disclosed in Note 22 to the consolidated financial statements, TD has recognized $7,676 million in insurance-related liabilities on its consolidated balance sheet. The insurance-related liabilities include a provision for unpaid claims, which is determined in accordance with accepted actuarial practices.
 
Auditing the provision for unpaid claims involved the application of models, methodologies and assumptions that require significant judgment. The main assumption underlying the claims liability estimates is the amount and timing related to incurred insured events including those not yet reported by the claimants. It also considers variables such as discount rate, margin for adverse deviation, past loss experience, current claim trends and the impact changes in the prevailing social, economic and legal environment may have on claims.
   
How We
Addressed the
Matter in Our
Audit
  
We evaluated the objectivity, independence and expertise of the actuarial valuator appointed by management. Also, we obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of management’s controls over the valuation of the provision for unpaid claims. The controls we tested included, amongst others, the controls related to TD’s claims and actuarial processes including over the completeness and accuracy of data flow through the claims administration systems, and the overall review of the provision for unpaid claims by management.
 
To test the valuation for unpaid claims, our audit procedures included, amongst others, involving our actuarial specialists to independently calculate the provision for unpaid claims on a sample basis. This included assessing the accuracy of TD’s data by agreeing to source systems on a sample basis and benchmarking the assumptions against industry trends. We involved our actuarial specialists in assessing TD’s actuary’s methodologies and significant assumptions, including comparing the rationale for the judgments applied against accepted actuarial practice. We performed data integrity testing of incurred claims, paid claims, and earned premiums used in the estimation of the provision for unpaid claims.
 
 
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
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CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 8

    
Measurement of provision for uncertain tax positions
Description of
the Matter
  
TD describes its significant accounting judgments, estimates, and assumptions in relation to income taxes in Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements. As a financial institution operating in multiple jurisdictions, TD is subject to complex and constantly evolving tax legislation. Uncertainty in a tax position may arise as tax laws are subject to interpretation. TD uses significant judgment in i) determining whether it is probable that TD will have to make a payment to tax authorities upon their examination of certain uncertain tax positions and ii) measuring the amount of the liability.
 
Auditing the recognition and measurement of TD’s provision for uncertain tax positions involved the application of judgment and is based on interpretation of tax legislation and jurisprudence.
   
How We
Addressed the
Matter in Our
Audit
  
We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design, and tested the operating effectiveness of management’s controls over the recognition and measurement of TD’s provision for uncertain tax positions. This includes controls over the assessment of the technical merits of tax positions and management’s process to measure the provision for uncertain tax positions.
 
With the assistance of our tax professionals, we assessed the technical merits and the amount recorded for uncertain tax positions. This included using our knowledge of, and experience with, the application of tax laws by the relevant income tax authorities to evaluate TD’s interpretations and assessment of tax laws with respect to uncertain tax positions. We assessed the implications of correspondence received by TD from the relevant tax authorities and evaluated income tax opinions or other third-party advice obtained. We also assessed the adequacy of the disclosures related to uncertain tax positions.
Ernst & Young LLP 
Chartered Professional Accountants
Licensed Public Accountants
We have served as TD’s sole auditor since 2006. Prior to 2006, we or our predecessor firm have served as joint auditor with various other firms since 1955.
Toronto, Canada
December 1, 2021
 
TD BANK GROUP
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 9

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Shareholders and Directors of The Toronto-Dominion Bank
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited The Toronto-Dominion Bank’s (TD) internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, TD maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2021, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Consolidated Balance Sheet of TD as at October 31, 2021 and 2020, and the Consolidated Statements of Income, Comprehensive Income, Changes in Equity and Cash Flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended October 31, 2021, and the related notes, and our report dated December 1, 2021, expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
TD’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting contained in the accompanying Management’s Discussion and Analysis. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on TD’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to TD in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Ernst & Young LLP 
Chartered Professional Accountants
Licensed Public Accountants
Toronto, Canada
December 1, 2021
 
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
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CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
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Consolidated Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
 
(As at and in millions of Canadian dollars)   
October 31,
2021
   
October 31,
2020
 
ASSETS
                
Cash and due from banks
  
$
5,931
 
  $ 6,445  
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
  
 
159,962
 
    164,149  
    
 
165,893
 
    170,594  
Trading loans, securities, and other
(Note 5)
  
 
147,590
 
    148,318  
Non-trading
financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
(Note 5)
  
 
9,390
 
    8,548  
Derivatives
(Notes 5, 11)
  
 
54,427
 
    54,242  
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss
(Notes 5, 7)
  
 
4,564
 
    4,739  
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
(Note 5)
  
 
79,066
 
    103,285  
    
 
295,037
 
    319,132  
Debt securities at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses (Notes 5, 7)
  
 
268,939
 
    227,679  
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements
  
 
167,284
 
    169,162  
Loans (Notes 5, 8)
                
Residential mortgages
  
 
268,340
 
    252,219  
Consumer instalment and other personal
  
 
189,864
 
    185,460  
Credit card
  
 
30,738
 
    32,334  
Business and government
  
 
240,070
 
    255,799  
    
 
729,012
 
    725,812  
Allowance for loan losses
(Note 8)
  
 
(6,390
) 
    (8,289 ) 
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
  
 
722,622
 
    717,523  
Other
                
Customers’ liability under acceptances
  
 
18,448
 
    14,941  
Investment in Schwab
(Note 12)
  
 
11,112
 
    12,174  
Goodwill
(Note 14)
  
 
16,232
 
    17,148  
Other intangibles
(Note 14)
  
 
2,123
 
    2,125  
Land, buildings, equipment, and other depreciable assets
(Note 15)
  
 
9,181
 
    10,136  
Deferred tax assets
(Note 25)
  
 
2,265
 
    2,444  
Amounts receivable from brokers, dealers, and clients
  
 
32,357
 
    33,951  
Other assets
(Note 16)
  
 
17,179
 
    18,856  
    
 
108,897
 
    111,775  
Total assets
  
$
1,728,672
 
  $ 1,715,865  
     
LIABILITIES
                
Trading deposits
(Notes 5, 17)
  
$
22,891
 
  $ 19,177  
Derivatives
(Notes 5, 11)
  
 
57,122
 
    53,203  
Securitization liabilities at fair value
(Notes 5, 9)
  
 
13,505
 
    13,718  
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss
(Notes 5, 17)
  
 
113,988
 
    59,665  
    
 
207,506
 
    145,763  
Deposits (Notes 5, 17)
                
Personal
  
 
633,498
 
    625,200  
Banks
  
 
20,917
 
    28,969  
Business and government
  
 
470,710
 
    481,164  
    
 
1,125,125
 
    1,135,333  
Other
                
Acceptances
  
 
18,448
 
    14,941  
Obligations related to securities sold short
(Note 5)
  
 
42,384
 
    34,999  
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements
  
 
144,097
 
    188,876  
Securitization liabilities at amortized cost
(Notes 5, 9)
  
 
15,262
 
    15,768  
Amounts payable to brokers, dealers, and clients
  
 
28,993
 
    35,143  
Insurance-related liabilities
(Note 22)
  
 
7,676
 
    7,590  
Other liabilities
(Note 18)
  
 
28,133
 
    30,476  
    
 
284,993
 
    327,793  
Subordinated notes and debentures (Notes 5, 19)
  
 
11,230
 
    11,477  
Total liabilities
  
 
1,628,854
 
    1,620,366  
     
EQUITY
                
Shareholders’ Equity
                
Common shares
(Note 21)
  
 
23,066
 
    22,487  
Preferred shares and other equity instruments
(Note 21)
  
 
5,700
 
    5,650  
Treasury – common shares
(Note 21)
  
 
(152
) 
    (37 ) 
Treasury – preferred shares and other equity instruments
(Note 21)
  
 
(10
) 
    (4 ) 
Contributed surplus
  
 
173
 
    121  
Retained earnings
  
 
63,944
 
    53,845  
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
  
 
7,097
 
    13,437  
Total equity
  
 
99,818
 
    95,499  
Total liabilities and equity
  
$
    1,728,672
 
  $     1,715,865  
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
   
Bharat B. Masrani
  
Alan N. MacGibbon
    Group President and Chief Executive Officer    Chair, Audit Committee
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 11

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)   
For the years ended October 31
 
     
2021
    2020     2019  
Interest income
1
(Note 30)
                        
Loans
  
$
23,959
 
  $ 28,337     $ 31,870  
Securities
                        
    Interest
  
 
3,721
 
    5,432       7,844  
    Dividends
  
 
1,594
 
    1,714       1,547  
Deposits with banks
  
 
307
 
    350       683  
 
  
 
29,581
 
    35,833       41,944  
Interest expense (Note 30)
                        
Deposits
  
 
3,742
 
    8,447       13,732  
Securitization liabilities
  
 
343
 
    379       522  
Subordinated notes and debentures
  
 
374
 
    426       395  
Other
  
 
991
 
    2,084       3,474  
 
  
 
5,450
 
    11,336       18,123  
Net interest income
  
 
24,131
 
    24,497       23,821  
Non-interest
income
                        
Investment and securities services
  
 
6,179
 
    5,341       4,872  
Credit fees
  
 
1,453
 
    1,400       1,289  
Net securities gain (loss)
(Note 7)
  
 
14
 
    40       78  
Trading income (loss)
  
 
313
 
    1,404       1,047  
Income (loss) from
non-trading
financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss
  
 
228
 
    14       121  
Income (loss) from financial instruments designated at fair value through profit or loss
  
 
(401
) 
    55       8  
Service charges
  
 
2,655
 
    2,593       2,885  
Card services
  
 
2,435
 
    2,154       2,465  
Insurance revenue
(Note 22)
  
 
4,877
 
    4,565       4,282  
Other income (loss)
(Note 12)
  
 
809
 
    1,583       197  
 
  
 
18,562
 
    19,149       17,244  
Total revenue
  
 
42,693
 
    43,646       41,065  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses (Note 8)
  
 
(224
) 
    7,242       3,029  
Insurance claims and related expenses (Note 22)
  
 
2,707
 
    2,886       2,787  
Non-interest
expenses
                        
Salaries and employee benefits
  
 
12,378
 
    11,893       11,256  
Occupancy, including depreciation
  
 
1,882
 
    1,990       1,835  
Technology and equipment, including depreciation
  
 
1,694
 
    1,634       1,481  
Amortization of other intangibles
  
 
706
 
    817       800  
Communication and marketing
  
 
1,203
 
    1,187       1,202  
Restructuring charges (recovery)
  
 
47
 
    (16 )      175  
Brokerage-related and
sub-advisory
fees
  
 
427
 
    362       336  
Professional, advisory and outside services
  
 
1,620
 
    1,451       1,666  
Other
  
 
3,119
 
    2,286       3,269  
 
  
 
23,076
 
    21,604       22,020  
Income before income taxes and share of net income from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade
  
 
17,134
 
    11,914       13,229  
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes (Note 25)
  
 
3,621
 
    1,152       2,735  
Share of net income from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade (Note 12)
  
 
785
 
    1,133       1,192  
Net income
  
 
14,298
 
    11,895       11,686  
Preferred dividends and distributions on other equity instruments
  
 
249
 
    267       252  
Net income available to common shareholders and
non-controlling
interests in subsidiaries
  
$
14,049
 
  $ 11,628     $ 11,434  
Attributable to:
                        
    Common shareholders
  
$
14,049
 
  $ 11,628     $ 11,416  
    Non-controlling
interests in subsidiaries
  
 
–
 
    –       18  
Earnings per share
(Canadian dollars)
(Note 26)
                        
Basic
  
$
7.73
 
  $ 6.43     $ 6.26  
Diluted
  
 
7.72
 
    6.43       6.25  
Dividends per common share
(Canadian dollars)
  
 
3.16
 
    3.11       2.89  
 
1
  Includes $26,217 million for the year ended October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $32,476 million; October 31, 2019 – $34,828 million), which has been calculated based on the effective interest rate method (EIRM).
   
 
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current year.
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
 
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 12

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
For the years ended October 31
 
     
2021
    2020     2019  
Net income
  
$
14,298
 
  $ 11,895     $ 11,686  
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes
                        
Items that will be subsequently reclassified to net income
                        
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
                        
Change in unrealized gains (losses)
  
 
25
 
    257       73  
Reclassification to earnings of net losses (gains)
  
 
(59
) 
    (6 )      (31 ) 
Changes in allowance for credit losses recognized in earnings
  
 
1
 
    2       (1 ) 
 
  
 
(33
) 
    253       41  
Net change in unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) on investments in foreign operations, net of hedging activities
                        
Unrealized gains (losses)
  
 
(6,082
) 
    855       (165 ) 
Reclassification to earnings of net losses (gains)
  
 
–
 
    (1,531 )      –  
Net gains (losses) on hedges
  
 
1,955
 
    (291 )      132  
Reclassification to earnings of net losses (gains) on hedges
  
 
–
 
    1,531       –  
 
  
 
(4,127
) 
    564       (33 ) 
Net change in gains (losses) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
                        
Change in gains (losses)
  
 
(2,411
) 
    3,565       3,459  
Reclassification to earnings of losses (gains)
  
 
515
 
    (1,236 )      517  
 
  
 
(1,896
) 
    2,329       3,976  
Share of other comprehensive income (loss) from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade
  
 
(768
) 
    (27 )      39  
Items that will not be subsequently reclassified to net income
                        
Actuarial gains (losses) on employee benefit plans
  
 
1,787
 
    (390 )      (921 ) 
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities designated at fair value through other comprehensive income
  
 
433
 
    (212 )      (95 ) 
Gains (losses) from changes in fair value due to credit risk on financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss
  
 
51
 
    (51 )      14  
 
  
 
2,271
 
    (653 )      (1,002 ) 
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes
  
 
(4,553
) 
    2,466       3,021  
Total comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes
  
$
9,745
 
  $ 14,361     $ 14,707  
Attributable to:
                        
Common shareholders
  
$
9,496
 
  $ 14,094     $ 14,437  
Preferred shareholders and other equity instrument holders
  
 
249
 
    267       252  
Non-controlling
interests in subsidiaries
  
 
–
 
    –       18  
1
 
The amounts are net of income tax provisions (recoveries) presented in the following table.
 
Income Tax Provisions (Recoveries) in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
For the years ended October 31
 
 
  
 
2021
 
    2020       2019  
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
  
$
2
 
  $ 78     $ 21  
Less: Reclassification to earnings of net losses (gains) in respect of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive
 income
  
 
16
 
    1       (1 ) 
Changes in allowance for credit losses on financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income recognized in earnings
  
 
–
 
    1       –  
Net gains (losses) on hedges of investments in foreign operations
  
 
693
 
    (102 )      48  
Less: Reclassification to earnings of net losses (gains) on hedges of investments in foreign
operations
  
 
–
 
    (545 )      –  
Change in gains (losses) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges
  
 
(761
) 
    947       1,235  
Less: Reclassification to earnings of losses (gains) on cash flow hedges
  
 
(92
) 
    121       (157 ) 
Actuarial gains (losses) on employee benefit plans
  
 
635
 
    (140 )      (324 ) 
Change in net unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities designated at fair value through other comprehensive income
  
 
154
 
    (78 )      (35 ) 
Gains (losses) from changes in fair value due to credit risk on financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss
  
 
18
 
    (18 )      4  
Total income taxes
  
$
817
 
  $ 1,111     $ 1,107  
Certain comparative amounts have been restated to conform with the presentation adopted in the current year.
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 13

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
For the years ended October 31
 
 
  
 
2021
 
    2020       2019  
Common shares (Note 21)
                        
Balance at beginning of year
  
$
22,487
 
  $ 21,713     $ 21,221  
Proceeds from shares issued on exercise of stock options
  
 
165
 
    79       124  
Shares issued as a result of dividend reinvestment plan
  
 
414
 
    838       357  
Shares issued in connection with acquisitions
  
 
–
 
    –       366  
Purchase of shares for cancellation and other
  
 
–
 
    (143 )      (355 ) 
Balance at end of year
  
 
23,066
 
    22,487       21,713  
Preferred shares and other equity instruments (Note 21)
                        
Balance at beginning of year
  
 
5,650
 
    5,800       5,000  
Issue of shares and other equity instruments
  
 
1,750
 
    –       800  
Redemption of shares and other equity instruments
  
 
(1,700
) 
    (150 )      –  
Balance at end of year
  
 
5,700
 
    5,650       5,800  
Treasury – common shares (Note 21)
                        
Balance at beginning of year
  
 
(37
) 
    (41 )      (144 ) 
Purchase of shares
  
 
(10,859
) 
    (8,752 )      (9,782 ) 
Sale of shares
  
 
10,744
 
    8,756       9,885  
Balance at end of year
  
 
(152
) 
    (37 )      (41 ) 
Treasury – preferred shares and other equity instruments (Note 21)
                        
Balance at beginning of year
  
 
(4
) 
    (6 )      (7 ) 
Purchase of shares and other equity instruments
  
 
(205
) 
    (122 )      (151 ) 
Sale of shares and other equity instruments
  
 
199
 
    124       152  
Balance at end of year
  
 
(10
) 
    (4 )      (6 ) 
Contributed surplus
                        
Balance at beginning of year
  
 
121
 
    157       193  
Net premium (discount) on sale of treasury instruments
  
 
–
 
    (31 )      (22 ) 
Issuance of stock options, net of options exercised
  
 
6
 
    –       (8 ) 
Other
  
 
46
 
    (5 )      (6 ) 
Balance at end of year
  
 
173
 
    121       157  
Retained earnings
                        
Balance at beginning of year
  
 
53,845
 
    49,497       46,145  
Impact on adoption of IFRS 16,
Leases
  
 
n/a
1
 
    (553 )
 
    n/a  
Impact on adoption of IFRS 15,
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
  
 
n/a
 
    n/a       (41 )
 
Net income attributable to equity instrument holders
  
 
14,298
 
    11,895       11,668  
Common dividends
  
 
(5,741
) 
    (5,614 )      (5,262 ) 
Preferred dividends and distributions on other equity instruments
  
 
(249
) 
    (267 )      (252 ) 
Net premium on repurchase of common shares and redemption of preferred shares and other equity instruments
  
 
(1
) 
    (710 )      (1,880 ) 
Share and other equity instrument issue expenses
  
 
(5
) 
    –       (9 ) 
Actuarial gains (losses) on employee benefit plans
  
 
1,787
 
    (390 )      (921 ) 
Realized gains (losses) on equity securities designated at fair value through other comprehensive income
  
 
10
 
    (13 )      49  
Balance at end of year
  
 
63,944
 
    53,845       49,497  
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
                        
Net unrealized gain (loss) on
financial assets
 at fair value through other comprehensive income:
                        
Balance at beginning of year
  
 
543
 
    290       249  
Other comprehensive income (loss)
  
 
(34
) 
    251       42  
Allowance for credit losses
  
 
1
 
    2       (1 ) 
Balance at end of year
  
 
510
 
    543       290  
Net unrealized gain (loss) on equity securities designated at fair value through other comprehensive income:
                        
Balance at beginning of year
  
 
(252
) 
    (40 )      55  
Other comprehensive income (loss)
  
 
443
 
    (225 )      (46 ) 
Reclassification of loss (gain) to retained earnings
  
 
(10
) 
    13       (49 ) 
Balance at end of year
  
 
181
 
    (252 )      (40 ) 
Gain (loss) from changes in fair value due to credit risk on financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss:
                        
Balance at beginning of year
  
 
(37
) 
    14       –  
Other comprehensive income (loss)
  
 
51
 
    (51 )      14  
Balance at end of year
  
 
14
 
    (37 )      14  
Net unrealized foreign currency translation gain (loss) on investments in foreign operations, net of hedging activities:
                        
Balance at beginning of year
  
 
9,357
 
    8,793       8,826  
Other comprehensive income (loss)
  
 
(4,127
) 
    564       (33 ) 
Balance at end of year
  
 
5,230
 
    9,357       8,793  
Net gain (loss) on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
                        
Balance at beginning of year
  
 
3,826
 
    1,497       (2,479 ) 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
  
 
(1,896
) 
    2,329       3,976  
Balance at end of year
  
 
1,930
 
    3,826       1,497  
Share of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) from Investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade
  
 
(768
) 
    –       27  
Total accumulated other comprehensive income
  
 
7,097
 
    13,437       10,581  
Total shareholders’ equity
  
 
99,818
 
    95,499       87,701  
Non-controlling
interests in subsidiaries
                        
Balance at beginning of year
  
 
–
 
    –       993  
Net income attributable to
non-controlling
interests in subsidiaries
  
 
–
 
    –       18  
Redemption of
non-controlling
interests in subsidiaries
  
 
–
 
    –       (1,000 ) 
Other
  
 
–
 
    –       (11 ) 
Balance at end of year
  
 
–
 
    –       –  
Total equity
  
$
99,818
 
  $ 95,499     $ 87,701  
1
Not applicable.
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current year.
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 14

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
For the years ended October 31
 
 
  
 
2021
 
 
 
2020
 
 
 
2019
 
Cash flows from (used in) operating activities
  
 
 
Net income
  
$
14,298
 
  $ 11,895     $ 11,686  
Adjustments to determine net cash flows from (used in) operating activities
                        
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses
(Note 8)
  
 
(224
) 
    7,242       3,029  
Depreciation
(Note 15)
  
 
1,360
 
    1,324       605  
Amortization of other intangibles
  
 
706
 
    817       800  
Net securities losses (gains)
(Note 7)
  
 
(14
) 
    (40 )      (78 ) 
Share of net income from investment in Schwab and TD Ameritrade
(Note 12)
  
 
(785
) 
    (1,133 )      (1,192 ) 
Net gain on sale of the investment in TD Ameritrade
(Note 12)
  
 
–
 
    (1,491 )      –  
Deferred taxes
(Note 25)
  
 
258
 
    (1,065 )      (33 ) 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities
                        
Interest receivable and payable
(Notes 16, 18)
  
 
(288
) 
    (108 )      (26 ) 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
  
 
(44,779
) 
    63,020       32,467  
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements
  
 
1,878
 
    (3,227 )      (38,556 ) 
Securities sold short
  
 
7,030
 
    5,343       (9,822 ) 
Trading loans and securities
  
 
1,177
 
    (2,318 )      (18,103 ) 
Loans net of securitization and sales
  
 
(3,660
) 
    (39,641 )      (41,693 ) 
Deposits
  
 
(6,494
) 
    240,648       (52,281 ) 
Derivatives
  
 
3,734
 
    (2,196 )      9,883  
Non-trading
financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
  
 
(842
) 
    (2,045 )      (2,397 ) 
Financial assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss
  
 
54,498
 
    (46,165 )      104,693  
Securitization liabilities
  
 
(719
) 
    2,342       (157 ) 
Current taxes
  
 
239
 
    280       (771 ) 
Brokers, dealers, and clients amounts receivable and payable
  
 
(4,592
) 
    (1,979 )      1,726  
Other, including unrealized foreign currency translation (gains) losses
  
 
27,348
 
    (1,896 )      1,050  
Net cash from (used in) operating activities
  
 
50,129
 
    229,607       830  
Cash flows from (used in) financing activities
                        
Issuance of subordinated notes and debentures
(Note 19)
  
 
–
 
    3,000       1,749  
Redemption or repurchase of subordinated notes and debentures
  
 
(7
) 
    (2,530 )      24  
Common shares issued, net
  
 
145
 
    68       105  
Preferred shares and other equity instruments issued
  
 
1,745
 
    –       791  
Repurchase of common shares
(Note 21)
  
 
–
 
    (847 )      (2,235 ) 
Redemption of preferred shares and other equity instruments
(Note 21)
  
 
(700
) 
    (156 )      –  
Sale of treasury shares and other equity instruments
  
 
10,943
 
    8,849       10,015  
Purchase of treasury shares and other equity instruments
(Note 21)
  
 
(11,064
) 
    (8,874 )      (9,933 ) 
Dividends paid on shares and distributions paid on other equity instruments
  
 
(5,555
) 
    (3,660 )      (5,157 ) 
Redemption of
non-controlling
interests in subsidiaries
  
 
–
 
    –       (1,000 ) 
Distributions to
non-controlling
interests in subsidiaries
  
 
–
 
    –       (11 ) 
Repayment of lease liabilities
1
  
 
(543
) 
    (596 )      n/a  
Net cash from (used in) financing activities
  
 
(5,036
) 
    (4,746 )      (5,652 ) 
Cash flows from (used in) investing activities
                        
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
  
 
(729
) 
    (138,266 )      5,169  
Activities in financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
                        
Purchases
  
 
(21,056
) 
    (50,569 )      (24,898 ) 
Proceeds from maturities
  
 
33,541
 
    49,684       37,835  
Proceeds from sales
  
 
5,363
 
    11,005       10,158  
Activities in debt securities at amortized cost
                        
Purchases
  
 
(153,896
) 
    (146,703 )      (51,202 ) 
Proceeds from maturities
  
 
92,131
 
    51,400       28,392  
Proceeds from sales
  
 
2,365
 
    1,391       1,418  
Net purchases of land, buildings, equipment, other depreciable assets, and other intangibles
  
 
(1,129
) 
    (1,261 )      (1,385 ) 
Net cash acquired from (paid for) divestitures and acquisitions
(Note 13)
  
 
(1,858
) 
    –       (540 ) 
Net cash from (used in) investing activities
  
 
(45,268
) 
    (223,319 )      4,947  
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and due from banks
  
 
(339
) 
    40       3  
Net increase (decrease) in cash and due from banks
  
 
(514
) 
    1,582       128  
Cash and due from banks at beginning of year
  
 
6,445
 
    4,863       4,735  
Cash and due from banks at end of year
  
$
5,931
 
  $ 6,445     $ 4,863  
Supplementary disclosure of cash flows from operating activities
                        
Amount of income taxes paid (refunded) during the year
  
$
4,071
 
  $ 2,285     $
 
3,589  
Amount of interest paid during the year
  
 
5,878
 
    11,587       18,013  
Amount of interest received during the year
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
28,127
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
34,262
     
 
 
 
 
 
40,261
 
Amount of dividends received during the year
  
 
1,614
 
    1,675       1,583  
 
1
Prior to the adoption of IFRS 16, payments on finance lease liabilities were included in “Net cash from (used in) operating activities”.
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current year.
The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 15

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
NOTE 1:  NATURE OF OPERATIONS
CORPORATE INFORMATION
The Toronto-Dominion Bank is a bank chartered under the
Bank Act
. The shareholders of a bank are not, as shareholders, liable for any liability, act, or default of the bank except as otherwise provided under the
Bank Act
. The Toronto-Dominion Bank and its subsidiaries are collectively known as TD Bank Group (“TD” or the “Bank”). The Bank was formed through the amalgamation on February 1, 1955, of The Bank of Toronto (chartered in 1855) and The Dominion Bank (chartered in 1869). The Bank is incorporated and domiciled in Canada with its registered and principal business offices located at 66 Wellington Street West, Toronto, Ontario. TD serves customers in three business segments operating in a number of locations in key financial centres around the globe: Canadian Retail, U.S. Retail, and Wholesale Banking.
BASIS OF PREPARATION
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and accounting principles followed by the Bank have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), including the accounting requirements of the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada (OSFI). The Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in Canadian dollars, unless otherwise indicated.
These Consolidated Financial Statements were prepared using the accounting policies as described in Notes 2 and 4. Certain comparative amounts have been revised to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements requires that management make judgments, estimates, and assumptions regarding the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, as further described in Note 3. Accordingly, actual results may differ from estimated amounts as future confirming events occur.
The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bank were approved and authorized for issue by the Bank’s Board of Directors, in accordance with a recommendation of the Audit Committee, on December 1, 2021.
Certain disclosures are included in the shaded sections of the “Managing Risk” section of the accompanying 2021 Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A), as permitted by IFRS, and form an integral part of the Consolidated Financial Statements
.
 
NOTE 2:  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
BASIS OF CONSOLIDATION
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the assets, liabilities, results of operations, and cash flows of the Bank and its subsidiaries including certain structured entities which it controls.
The Bank’s Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared using uniform accounting policies for like transactions and events in similar circumstances. All intercompany transactions, balances, and unrealized gains and losses on transactions are eliminated on consolidation.
Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are corporations or other legal entities controlled by the Bank, generally through directly holding more than half of the voting power of the entity. Control of subsidiaries is determined based on the power exercisable through ownership of voting rights and is generally aligned with the risks and/or returns (collectively referred to as “variable returns”) absorbed from subsidiaries through those voting rights. As a result, the Bank controls and consolidates subsidiaries when it holds the majority of the voting rights of the subsidiary, unless there is evidence that another investor has control over the subsidiary. The existence and effect of potential voting rights that are currently exercisable or convertible are considered in assessing whether the Bank controls an entity. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date the Bank obtains control and continue to be consolidated until the date when control ceases to exist.
The Bank may consolidate certain subsidiaries where it owns 50% or less of the voting rights. Most of those subsidiaries are structured entities as described in the following section.
Structured Entities
Structured entities are entities that are created to accomplish a narrow and well-defined objective. Structured entities may take the form of a corporation, trust, partnership, or unincorporated entity. They are often created with legal arrangements that impose limits on the
decision-making
powers of their governing board, trustee, or management over the operations of the entity. Typically, structured entities may not be controlled directly through holding more than half of the voting power of the entity as the ownership of voting rights may not be aligned with the variable returns absorbed from the entity. As a result, structured entities are consolidated when the substance of the relationship between the Bank and the structured entity indicates that the entity is controlled by the Bank. When assessing whether the Bank has to consolidate a structured entity, the Bank evaluates three primary criteria in order to conclude whether, in substance:
•  
The Bank has the power to direct the activities of the structured entity that have the most significant impact on the entity’s risks and/or returns;
•  
The Bank is exposed to significant variable returns arising from the entity; and
•  
The Bank has the ability to use its power to affect the risks and/or returns to which it is exposed.
Consolidation conclusions are reassessed at the end of each financial reporting period. The Bank’s policy is to consider the impact on consolidation of all significant changes in circumstances, focusing on the following:
•  
Substantive changes in ownership, such as the purchase or disposal of more than an insignificant additional interest in an entity;
•  
Changes in contractual or governance arrangements of an entity;
•  
Additional activities undertaken, such as providing a liquidity facility beyond the original terms or entering into a transaction not originally contemplated; or
•  
Changes in the financing structure of an entity.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 16

Investments in Associates and Joint Ventures
Entities over which the Bank has significant influence are associates and entities over which the Bank has joint control are joint ventures. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of an investee, but is not control or joint control over these entities. Significant influence is presumed to exist where the Bank holds between 20% and 50% of the voting rights of an entity. Significant influence may also exist where the Bank holds less than 20% of the voting rights and has influence over financial and operating policy-making processes, through board representation and significant commercial arrangements. Associates and joint ventures are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Investments in associates and joint ventures are carried on the Consolidated Balance Sheet initially at cost and increased or decreased to recognize the Bank’s share of the profit or loss of the associate or joint venture, capital transactions, including the receipt of any dividends, and write-downs to reflect any impairment in the value of such entities. These increases or decreases, together with any gains and losses realized on disposition, are reported on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The carrying amount of the investments also includes the Bank’s share of the investee’s other comprehensive income or loss, which is reported in the relevant section of the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
At each balance sheet date, the Bank assesses whether there is any objective evidence that the investment in an associate or joint venture is impaired. The Bank calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the higher of fair value or
value-in-use
and its carrying value.
Non-controlling
Interests
When the Bank does not own all of the equity of a consolidated entity, the minority shareholders’ interest is presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as
Non-controlling
interests in subsidiaries within total equity, separate from the equity of the Bank’s shareholders’ equity. The income attributable to the minority interest holders, net of tax, is presented as a separate line item on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
CASH AND DUE FROM BANKS
Cash and due from banks consist of cash and amounts due from banks which are issued by investment grade financial institutions. These amounts are due on demand or have an original maturity of three months or less.
REVENUE RECOGNITION
Revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration the Bank expects to be entitled to in exchange for transferring services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Bank recognizes revenue when it transfers control of a good or a service to a customer at a point in time or over time. The determination of when performance obligations are satisfied requires the use of judgment. Refer to Note 3 for further details.
The Bank identifies contracts with customers subject to IFRS 15, which create enforceable rights and obligations. The Bank determines the performance obligations based on distinct services promised to the customers in the contracts. The Bank’s contracts generally have a term of one year or less, consist of a single performance obligation, and the performance obligations generally reflect services.
For each contract, the Bank determines the transaction price, which includes estimating variable consideration and assessing whether the price is constrained. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal of the amount will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the amount of variable consideration is subsequently resolved. As such, the estimate of the variable consideration is constrained until the end of the invoicing period. The uncertainty is generally resolved at the end of the reporting period and as such, no significant judgment is required when recognizing variable consideration in revenues.
The Bank’s receipt of payment from customers generally occurs subsequent to the satisfaction of performance obligations or a short time thereafter. As such, the Bank has not recognized any material contract assets (unbilled receivables) or contract liabilities (deferred revenues) and there is no significant financing component associated with the consideration due to the Bank.
When another party is involved in the transfer of services to a customer, an assessment is made to evaluate whether the Bank is the principal such that revenues are reported on a gross basis or the agent such that revenues are reported on a net basis. The Bank is the principal when it controls the services in the contract promised to the customer before they are transferred. Control is demonstrated by the Bank being primarily responsible for fulfilling the transfer of the services to the customer, having discretion in establishing pricing of the services, or both.
Investment and securities services
Investment and securities services income include asset management fees, administration and commission fees, and investment banking fees. The Bank recognizes asset management and administration fees based on time elapsed, which depicts the rendering of investment management and related services over time. The fees are primarily calculated based on average daily or point in time assets under management (AUM) or assets under administration (AUA) depending on the investment mandate.
Commission fees include sales, trailer and brokerage commissions. Sales and brokerage commissions are generally recognized at a point in time when the transaction is executed. Trailer commissions are recognized over time and are generally calculated based on the average daily net asset value of the fund during the period.
Investment banking fees include advisory fees and underwriting fees and are generally recognized at a point in time upon successful completion of the engagement.
Credit fees
Credit fees include liquidity fees, restructuring fees, letter of credit fees, and loan syndication fees. Liquidity, restructuring, and letter of credit fees are recognized in income over the period in which the service is provided. Loan syndication fees are generally recognized at a point in time upon completion of the financing placement.
Service charges
Service charges income is earned on personal and commercial deposit accounts and consists of account fees and transaction-based service charges. Account fees relate to account maintenance activities and are recognized in income over the period in which the service is provided. Transaction-based service charges are recognized as earned at a point in time when the transaction is complete.
Card services
Card services income includes interchange income as well as card fees such as annual and transactional fees. Interchange income is recognized at a point in time when the transaction is authorized and funded. Card fees are recognized as earned at the transaction date with the exception of annual fees, which are recognized over a twelve-month period.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 17

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Interest Rate Benchmark Reform Phase 1
The Bank adopted
Interest Rate Benchmark Reform, Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7
(Interest Rate Benchmark Reform Phase 1), including the applicable amendments to IFRS 7 relating to hedge accounting, in the fourth quarter of 2019. Under these amendments, it is assumed that the hedged interest rate benchmark is not altered and thus hedge accounting continues through to the date of replacement of the existing interest rate benchmark with its alternative reference rate (ARR). The Bank is not required to discontinue hedge accounting if the actual results of the hedge do not meet the effectiveness requirements as a result of interbank offered rate (IBOR) reform. Refer to Note 11 for disclosures related to the Bank’s hedge accounting relationships impacted by IBOR reform.
Refer to Note 4 for details of
Interest Rate Benchmark Reform – Phase 2, Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16
(Interest Rate Benchmark Reform Phase 2), issued on August 27, 2020 and early adopted by the Bank on November 1, 2020.
Classification and Measurement of Financial Assets
The Bank classifies its financial assets into the following categories:
•  
Amortized cost;
•  
Fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI);
•  
Held-for-trading;
•  
Non-trading
fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL); and
•  
Designated at FVTPL.
The Bank recognizes financial assets on a settlement date basis, except for derivatives and securities, which are recognized on a trade date basis.
Debt Instruments
The classification and measurement for debt instruments is based on the Bank’s business models for managing its financial assets and whether the contractual cash flows represent solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI). Refer to Note 3 for judgment with respect to the determination of the Bank’s business models and whether contractual cashflows represent SPPI.
The Bank has determined its business models as follows:
•  
Held-to-collect:
the objective is to collect contractual cash flows;
•  
Held-to-collect-and-sell:
the objective is both to collect contractual cash flows and sell the financial assets; and
•  
Held-for-sale
and other business models: the objective is neither of the above.
The Bank performs the SPPI test for financial assets held within the
held-to-collect
and
held-to-collect-and-sell
business models. If these financial assets have contractual cash flows which are inconsistent with a basic lending arrangement, they are classified as
non-trading
financial assets measured at FVTPL. In a basic lending arrangement, interest includes only consideration for time value of money, credit risk, other basic lending risks, and a reasonable profit margin.
Debt Securities and Loans Measured at Amortized Cost
Debt securities and loans held within a
held-to-collect
business model where their contractual cash flows pass the SPPI test are measured at amortized cost. The carrying amount of these financial assets is adjusted by an allowance for credit losses recognized and measured as described in the
Impairment – Expected Credit Loss Model
section of this Note, as well as any write-offs and unearned income which includes prepaid interest, loan origination fees and costs, commitment fees, loan syndication fees, and unamortized discounts or premiums. Interest income is recognized using EIRM. The effective interest rate (EIR) is the rate that discounts expected future cash flows for the expected life of the financial instrument to its carrying value. The calculation takes into account the contractual interest rate, along with any fees or incremental costs that are directly attributable to the instrument and all other premiums or discounts. Loan origination fees and costs are considered to be adjustments to the loan yield and are recognized in interest income over the term of the loan. Commitment fees are recognized in credit fees over the commitment period when it is unlikely that the commitment will be called upon; otherwise, they are recognized in interest income over the term of the resulting loan. Loan syndication fees are recognized in credit fees upon completion of the financing placement unless the yield on any loan retained by the Bank is less than that of other comparable lenders involved in the financing syndicate. In such cases, an appropriate portion of the fee is recognized as a yield adjustment in interest income over the term of the loan.
Debt Securities and Loans Measured at Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income
Debt securities and loans held within a
held-to-collect-and-sell
business model where their contractual cash flows pass the SPPI test are measured at FVOCI. Fair value changes are recognized in other comprehensive income, except for impairment gains or losses, interest income and foreign exchange gains and losses on the instrument’s amortized cost, which are recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income. The expected credit loss (ECL) allowance is recognized and measured as described in the
Impairment – Expected Credit Loss Model
section of this Note. When the financial asset is derecognized, the cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified from equity to income and recognized in net securities gain (loss). Interest income from these financial assets is included in interest income using EIRM.
Financial Assets
Held-for-Trading
The
held-for-sale
business model includes financial assets held within a trading portfolio, which have been originated, acquired, or incurred principally for the purpose of selling in the near term, or if they form part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that are managed together and for which there is evidence of short-term profit-taking. Financial assets held within this business model consist of trading securities, trading loans, as well as certain securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements.
Trading portfolio assets are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value as well as any gains or losses realized on disposal recognized in trading income (loss). Transaction costs are expensed as incurred. Dividends are recognized on the
ex-dividend
date and interest is recognized on an accrual basis. Both dividends and interest are included in interest income.
Non-Trading
Financial Assets Measured at Fair Value through Profit or Loss
Non-trading
financial assets measured at FVTPL include financial assets held within the
held-for-sale
and other business models, for example debt securities and loans managed on a fair value basis. Financial assets held within the
held-to-collect
or
held-to-collect-and-sell
business models that do not pass the SPPI test are also classified as
non-trading
financial assets measured at FVTPL. Changes in fair value as well as any gains or losses realized on disposal are recognized in income (loss) from
non-trading
financial instruments at FVTPL. Interest income from debt instruments is included in interest income on an accrual basis.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 18

Financial Assets Designated at Fair Value through Profit or Loss
Debt instruments in a
held-to-collect
or
held-to-collect-and-sell
business model can be designated at initial recognition as measured at FVTPL, provided the designation can eliminate or significantly reduce an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise from measuring these financial assets on a different basis. The FVTPL designation is available only for those financial instruments for which a reliable estimate of fair value can be obtained. Once financial assets are designated at FVTPL, the designation is irrevocable. Changes in fair value as well as any gains or losses realized on disposal are recognized in income (loss) from financial instruments designated at FVTPL. Interest income from these financial assets is included in interest income on an accrual basis.
Customers’ Liability under Acceptances
Acceptances represent a form of negotiable short-term debt issued by customers, which the Bank guarantees for a fee. Revenue is recognized on an accrual basis. The potential obligation of the Bank is reported as a liability under Acceptances on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Bank’s recourse against the customer in the event of a call on any of these commitments is reported as an asset of the same amount.
Equity Instruments
Equity investments are required to be measured at FVTPL, except where the Bank has elected at initial recognition to irrevocably designate an equity investment, held for purposes other than trading, at FVOCI. If such an election is made, the fair value changes, including any associated foreign
e
xchange gains or losses, are recognized in other comprehensive income and are not subsequently reclassified to net income, including upon disposal. Realized gains and losses are transferred directly to retained earnings upon disposal. Consequently, there is no review required for impairment. Dividends will normally be recognized in interest income unless the dividends represent a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Gains and losses on trading and
non-trading
equity investments measured at FVTPL are included in trading income (loss) and income (loss) from
non-trading
financial instruments at FVTPL, respectively.
Classification and Measurement for Financial Liabilities
The Bank classifies its financial liabilities into the following categories:
•
 
Held-for-trading;
•
 
Designated at FVTPL; and
•
 
Other liabilities.
Financial Liabilities
Held-for-Trading
Financial liabilities are held within a trading portfolio if they have been incurred principally for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term, or form part of a portfolio of identified financial instruments that are managed together and for which there is evidence of a recent actual pattern of short-term profit-taking. Financial liabilities
held-for-trading
are primarily trading deposits, securitization liabilities at fair value, obligations related to securities sold short and certain obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements.
Trading portfolio liabilities are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value as well as any gains or losses realized on disposal recognized in trading income (loss). Transaction costs are expensed as incurred. Interest is recognized on an accrual basis and included in interest expense.
Financial Liabilities Designated at Fair Value through Profit or Loss
Certain financial liabilities may be designated at FVTPL at initial recognition. To be designated at FVTPL, financial liabilities must meet one of the following criteria: (1) the designation eliminates or significantly reduces a measurement or recognition inconsistency; (2) the financial liabilities or a group of financial assets and financial liabilities are managed, and its performance is evaluated, on a fair value basis in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy; or (3) the instrument contains one or more embedded derivatives unless a) the embedded derivative does not significantly modify the cash flows that otherwise would be required by the contract, or b) it is clear with little or no analysis that separation of the embedded derivative from the financial instrument is prohibited. In addition, the FVTPL designation is available only for those financial instruments for which a reliable estimate of fair value can be obtained. Once financial liabilities are designated at FVTPL, the designation is irrevocable.
Financial liabilities designated at FVTPL are carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, with changes in fair value as well as any gains or losses realized on disposal recognized in income (loss) from financial instruments designated at FVTPL, except for the amount of change in fair value attributable to changes in the Bank’s own credit risk, which is presented in other comprehensive income. Amounts recognized in other comprehensive income are not subsequently reclassified to net income upon derecognition of the financial liability; instead, they are transferred directly to retained earnings.
Changes in fair value attributable to changes in the Bank’s own credit risk are measured as the difference between: (i) the period-over-period change in the present value of the expected cash flows using an
all-in
discount curve reflecting both the interest rate benchmark curve and the Bank’s own credit risk; and (ii) the period-over-period change in the present value of the same expected cash flows using a discount curve based solely on the interest rate benchmark curve.
For loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts that are designated at FVTPL, the full change in fair value of the liability is recognized in income (loss) from financial instruments designated at FVTPL.
Interest is recognized on an accrual basis in interest expense
.
Other Financial Liabilities
Deposits
Deposits, other than deposits included in a trading portfolio and deposits designated at FVTPL, are accounted for at amortized cost. Accrued interest on deposits is included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Interest, including capitalized transaction costs, is recognized on an accrual basis using EIRM as Interest expense on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Subordinated Notes and Debentures
Subordinated notes and debentures are accounted for at amortized cost. Accrued interest on subordinated notes and debentures is included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Interest, including capitalized transaction costs, is recognized on an accrual basis using EIRM as Interest expense on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Reclassification of Financial Assets and Liabilities
Financial assets and financial liabilities are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition, except for financial assets for which the Bank changes its business model for managing financial assets. Such reclassifications of financial assets are expected to be rare in practice.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 19

Impairment – Expected Credit Loss Model
The ECL model applies to financial assets, including loans and debt securities measured at amortized cost, loans and debt securities measured at FVOCI, loan commitments, and financial guarantees that are not measured at FVTPL.
The ECL model consists of three stages: Stage 1 – Twelve-month ECLs for performing financial assets, Stage 2 – Lifetime ECLs for financial assets that have experienced a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, and Stage 3 – Lifetime ECLs for financial assets that are credit-impaired. ECLs are the difference between all the contractual cash flows that are due to the Bank in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows the Bank expects to receive, discounted at the original EIR. If a significant increase in credit risk has occurred since initial recognition, impairment is measured as lifetime ECLs. Otherwise, impairment is measured as twelve-month ECLs which represent the portion of lifetime ECLs that are expected to occur based on default events that are possible within twelve months after the reporting date. If credit quality improves in a subsequent period such that the increase in credit risk since initial recognition is no longer considered significant, the loss allowance reverts to being measured based on twelve-month ECLs.
Significant Increase in Credit Risk
For retail exposures, significant increase in credit risk is assessed based on changes in the twelve-month probability of default (PD) since initial recognition, using a combination of individual and collective information that incorporates borrower and account specific attributes and relevant forward-looking macroeconomic variables.
For
non-retail
exposures, significant increase in credit risk is assessed based on changes in the internal risk rating (borrower risk ratings (BRR)) since initial recognition. Refer to the shaded areas of the “Managing Risk” section of the 2021 MD&A for further details on the Bank’s
21-point
BRR scale to risk levels.
For both retail and non-retail exposures, delinquency backstop when contractual payments are more than 30 days past due is also used in assessing significant increase in credit risk.
The Bank defines default as delinquency of 90 days or more for most retail products and BRR 9 for
non-retail
exposures. Exposures are considered credit-impaired and migrate to Stage 3 when the definition of default is met or when there is objective evidence that there has been a deterioration of credit quality to the extent the Bank no longer has reasonable assurance as to the timely collection of the full amount of principal and interest.
When assessing whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition of a financial asset, the Bank considers all reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort about past events, current conditions, and forecast of future economic conditions. Refer to Note 3 for additional details.
Measurement of Expected Credit Losses
ECLs are measured as the probability-weighted present value of expected cash shortfalls over the remaining expected life of the financial instrument and consider reasonable and supportable information about past events, current conditions, and forecasts of future events and economic conditions that impact the Bank’s credit risk assessment. Expected life is the maximum contractual period the Bank is exposed to credit risk, including extension options for which the borrower has unilateral right to exercise. For certain financial instruments that include both a loan and an undrawn commitment, and the Bank’s contractual ability to demand repayment and cancel the undrawn commitment does not limit the Bank’s exposure to credit losses to the contractual notice period, ECLs are measured over the period the Bank is exposed to credit risk. For example, ECLs for credit cards are measured over the borrowers’ expected behavioural life, incorporating survivorship assumptions and borrower-specific attributes.
The Bank leverages its Advanced Internal Ratings-Based (AIRB) models used for regulatory capital purposes and incorporates adjustments where appropriate to calculate ECLs.
Forward-Looking Information and Expert Credit Judgment
Forward-looking information is considered when determining significant increase in credit risk and measuring ECLs. Forward-looking macroeconomic factors are incorporated in the risk parameters as relevant.
Qualitative factors that are not already considered in the quantitative models are incorporated by applying expert credit judgment in determining the final ECLs. Refer to Note 3 for additional details.
Modified Loans
In cases where a borrower experiences financial difficulties, the Bank may grant certain concessionary modifications to the terms and conditions of a loan. Modifications may include payment deferrals, extension of amortization periods, rate reductions, principal forgiveness, debt consolidation, forbearance and other modifications intended to minimize the economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral. The Bank has policies in place to determine the appropriate remediation strategy based on the individual borrower.
If the Bank determines that a modification results in expiry of cash flows, the original asset is derecognized while a new asset is recognized based on the new contractual terms. Significant increase in credit risk is assessed relative to the risk of default on the date of modification.
If the Bank determines that a modification does not result in derecognition, significant increase in credit risk is assessed based on the risk of default at initial recognition of the original asset. Expected cash flows arising from the modified contractual terms are considered when calculating ECLs for the modified asset. For loans that were modified while having lifetime ECLs, the loans can revert to having twelve-month ECLs after a period of performance and improvement in the borrower’s financial condition.
Allowance for Loan Losses, Excluding Acquired Credit-Impaired Loans
The allowance for loan losses represents management’s calculation of probability-weighted ECLs in the lending portfolios, including any
off-balance
sheet exposures, at the balance sheet date. The allowance for loan losses for lending portfolios reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, which includes credit-related allowances for residential mortgages, consumer instalment and other personal, credit card, business and government loans, and customers’ liability under acceptances, is deducted from Loans on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The allowance for loan losses for loans measured at FVOCI is presented on the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity. The allowance for loan losses for
off-balance
sheet instruments, which relates to certain guarantees, letters of credit, and undrawn lines of credit, is recognized in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Allowances for lending portfolios reported on the balance
sheet and
off-balance
sheet exposures are calculated using the same methodology. The allowance is increased by the provision for credit losses and decreased by write-offs net of recoveries and disposals. Each quarter, allowances are reassessed and adjusted based on any changes in management’s estimate of ECLs. Loan losses on impaired loans in Stage 3 continue to be recognized by means of an allowance for loan losses until a loan is written off.
A loan is written off against the related allowance for loan losses when there is no realistic prospect of recovery.
Non-retail
loans are generally written off when all reasonable collection efforts have been exhausted, such as when a loan is sold, when all security has been realized, or when all security has been resolved with the receiver or bankruptcy court.
Non-real
estate retail loans are generally written off when contractual payments are 180 days past due, or when a loan is
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
 
Page 20

 
sold. Real-estate secured retail loans are generally written off when the security is realized. The time period over which the Bank performs collection activities on the contractual amount outstanding of financial assets that are written off varies from one jurisdiction to another and generally spans between less than one year to five years.​​​​​​​

Allowance for Credit Losses on Debt Securities
The allowance for credit losses on debt securities represents management’s calculation of probability-weighted ECLs. Debt securities measured at amortized cost are presented net of the allowance for credit losses on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The allowance for credit losses on debt securities measured at FVOCI are presented on the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity. The allowance for credit losses is increased by the provision for credit losses and decreased by write-offs net of recoveries and disposals. Each quarter, allowances are reassessed and adjusted based on any changes in management’s estimate of ECLs.
Acquired Performing Loans
Acquired performing loans are initially measured at fair value, which considers incurred and expected future credit losses estimated at the acquisition date and also reflects adjustments based on the acquired loan’s interest rate in comparison to current market rates. On acquisition, twelve-month ECLs are recognized on the acquired performing loans, resulting in the carrying amount being lower than fair value. Acquired performing loans are subsequently accounted for at amortized cost based on their contractual cash flows and any acquisition related discount or premium, including credit-related discounts, is considered to be an adjustment to the loan yield and is recognized in interest income using EIRM over the term of the loan, or the expected life of the loan for acquired performing loans with revolving terms.
Acquired Credit-Impaired Loans
When loans are acquired with evidence of incurred credit loss where it is probable at the purchase date that the Bank will be unable to collect all contractually required principal and interest payments, they are generally considered to be acquired credit-impaired (ACI) loans, with no ECLs recognized on acquisition. ACI loans are identified as impaired at acquisition based on specific risk characteristics of the loans, including past due status, performance history, and recent borrower credit scores. ACI loans are accounted for based on the present value of expected cash flows as opposed to their contractual cash flows. The Bank determines the fair value of these loans at the acquisition date by discounting expected cash flows at a discount rate that reflects factors a market participant would use when determining fair value, including management assumptions relating to default rates, loss severities, the amount and timing of prepayments, and other factors that are reflective of current market conditions. With respect to certain individually significant ACI loans, accounting is applied individually at the loan level. The remaining ACI loans are aggregated provided they are acquired in the same fiscal quarter and have common risk characteristics. Aggregated loans are accounted for as a single asset with aggregated cash flows and a single composite interest rate. Subsequent to acquisition, the Bank regularly reassesses and updates its cash flow estimates for changes to assumptions relating to default rates, loss severities, the amount and timing of prepayments, and other factors that are reflective of current market conditions. Probable decreases in expected cash flows trigger the recognition of additional impairment, which is measured based on the present value of the revised expected cash flows discounted at the loan’s EIR as compared to the carrying value of the loan. The ECL in excess of the initial credit-related discount is recorded through the provision for credit losses. Interest income on ACI loans is calculated by multiplying the credit-adjusted EIR to the amortized cost of ACI loans.
SHARE CAPITAL AND OTHER EQUITY INSTRUMENTS
The Bank classifies financial instruments that it issues as either financial liabilities, equity instruments, or compound instruments.
Issued instruments that are mandatorily redeemable or convertible into a variable number of the Bank’s common shares at the holder’s option are classified as liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Dividend or interest payments on these instruments are recognized in Interest expense on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Issued instruments are classified as equity when there is no contractual obligation to transfer cash or other financial assets. Further, issued instruments that are not mandatorily redeemable or that are not convertible into a variable number of the Bank’s common shares at the holder’s option are classified as equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of equity instruments are included in equity as a deduction from the proceeds, net of tax. Dividends and distributions on these instruments are recognized as a reduction in equity.
Compound instruments are comprised of both liability and equity components in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement. The liability component is initially measured at fair value with any residual amount assigned to the equity component. Transaction costs are allocated proportionately to the liability and equity components.
Common shares, preferred shares, or other equity instruments issued and held by the Bank are classified as treasury instruments in equity, and the cost of these instruments is recorded as a reduction in equity. Upon the sale of treasury instruments, the difference between the sale proceeds and the cost of the instruments is recorded in or against contributed surplus.
GUARANTEES
The Bank issues guarantee contracts that require payments to be made to guaranteed parties based on: (1) changes in the underlying economic characteristics relating to an asset or liability of the guaranteed party; (2) failure of another party to perform under an obligating agreement; or (3) failure of another third party to pay its indebtedness when due. Guarantees are initially measured and recorded at their fair value. The fair value of a guarantee liability at initial recognition is normally equal to the present value of the guarantee fees received over the life of contract. The Bank’s release from risk is recognized over the term of the guarantee using a systematic and rational amortization method.
If a guarantee meets the definition of a derivative, it is carried at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and reported as a derivative asset or derivative liability at fair value. Guarantees that are considered derivatives are
over-the-counter
(OTC) credit derivative contracts designed to transfer the credit risk in an underlying financial instrument from one counterparty to another.
DERIVATIVES
Derivatives are instruments that derive their value from changes in underlying interest rates, foreign exchange rates, credit spreads, commodity prices, equities, or other financial or
non-financial
measures. Such instruments include interest rate, foreign exchange, equity, commodity, and credit derivative contracts. The Bank uses these instruments for trading and
non-trading
purposes. Derivatives are carried at their fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Derivatives
Held-for-Trading
Purposes
The Bank enters into trading derivative contracts to meet the needs of its customers, to provide liquidity and market-making related activities, and in certain cases, to manage risks related to its trading portfolios. The realized and unrealized gains or losses on trading derivatives are recognized in trading income (loss). 
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
 
Page 21

Derivatives Held for
Non-trading
Purposes
Non-trading
derivatives are primarily used to manage interest rate, foreign exchange, and other market risks of the Bank’s traditional banking activities. When derivatives are held for
non-trading
purposes and when the transactions meet the hedge accounting requirements of IAS 39,
Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement
(IAS 39), they are presented as
non-trading
derivatives and receive hedge accounting treatment, as appropriate. Certain derivative instruments that are held for economic hedging purposes, and do not meet the hedge accounting requirements of IAS 39, are also presented as
non-trading
derivatives with the change in fair value of these derivatives recognized in
non-interest
income.
Hedging Relationships
Hedge Accounting
The Bank has an accounting policy choice to apply the h
e
dge accounting requirements of IFRS 9 or IAS 39. The Bank has made the decision to continue applying the IAS 39 hedge accounting requirements and complies with the revised annual hedge accounting disclosures as required by the related amendments to IFRS 7,
Financial Instruments: Disclosures
(IFRS 7).
At the inception of a hedging relationship, the Bank documents the relationship between the hedging instrument and the hedged item, its risk management objective, and its strategy for undertaking the hedge. The Bank also requires a documented assessment, both at hedge inception and on an ongoing basis, of whether or not the derivatives that are used in hedging relationships are highly effective in offsetting the changes attributable to the hedged risks in the fair values or cash flows of the hedged items. In order to be considered effective, the hedging instrument and the hedged item must be highly and inversely correlated such that the changes in the fair value of the hedging instrument will substantially offset the effects of the hedged exposure throughout the term of the hedging relationship. If a hedging relationship becomes ineffective, it no longer qualifies for hedge accounting and any subsequent change in the fair value of the hedging instrument is recognized in
Non-interest
income on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Changes in fair value relating to the derivative component excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, are recognized in Net interest income or
Non-interest
income, as applicable, on the Consolidated Statement of Income. On November 1, 2020, the Bank changed its accounting policy on a retrospective basis for the presentation of the excluded component in certain fair value hedge accounting relationships. Refer to Note 4 for further details.
When derivatives are designated as hedges, the Bank classifies them either as: (1) hedges of the changes in fair value of recognized assets or liabilities or firm commitments (fair value hedges); (2) hedges of the variability in highly probable future cash flows attributable to a recognized asset or liability, or a forecast transaction (cash flow hedges); or (3) hedges of net investments in a foreign operation (net investment hedges)
.
Interest Rate Benchmark Reform
A hedging relationship is affected by IBOR reform if the reform gives rise to uncertainties about (a) the interest rate benchmark (contractually or
non-contractually
specified) designated as a hedged risk; and/or (b) the timing or the amount of interest rate benchmark-based cash flows of the hedged item or of the hedging instrument.
For such hedging relationships, the following temporary exceptions apply during the period of uncertainty:
•
 
when assessing whether a forecast transaction is highly probable or expected to occur, it is assumed that the interest rate benchmark on which the hedged cash flows (contractually or non-contractually specified) are based is not altered as a result of IBOR reform;
•
 
when assessing whether a hedge is expected to be highly effective, it is assumed that the interest rate benchmark on which the hedged cash flows and/or the hedged risk (contractually or non-contractually specified) are based, or the interest rate benchmark on which the cash flows of the hedging instrument are based, is not altered as a result of IBOR reform;
•
 
a hedge is not required to be discontinued if the actual results of the hedge are outside of a range of 80–125 per cent as a result of IBOR reform;
•
 
for a hedge of a
non-contractually
specified benchmark portion of interest rate risk, the requirement that the risk component is separately identifiable need only be met at the inception of the hedging relationship.
Fair Value Hedges
The Bank’s fair value hedges principally consist of interest rate swaps that are used to protect against changes in the fair value of fixed-rate financial instruments due to movements in market interest rates.
Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedging instruments are recognized in Net interest income on the Consolidated Statement of Income, along with changes in the fair value of the assets, liabilities, or group thereof that are attributable to the hedged risk. Any change in fair value relating to the ineffective portion of the hedging relationship is recognized immediately in
non-interest
income.
The cumulative adjustment to the carrying amount of the hedged item (the basis adjustment) is amortized to Net interest income on the Consolidated Statement of Income based on a recalculated EIR over the remaining expected life of the hedged item, with amortization beginning no later than when the hedged item ceases to be adjusted for changes in its fair value attributable to the hedged risk. Where the hedged item has been derecognized, the basis adjustment is immediately released to Net interest income or
Non-interest
income, as applicable, on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Cash Flow Hedges
The Bank is exposed to variability in future cash flows attributable to interest rate, foreign exchange rate, and equity price risks. The amounts and timing of future cash flows are projected for each hedged exposure on the basis of their contractual terms and other relevant factors, including estimates of prepayments and defaults.
The effective portion of the change in the fair value of the derivative that is designated and qualifies as a cash flow hedge is initially recognized in other comprehensive income. The change in fair value of the derivative relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in
non-interest
income. Amounts in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) are reclassified to Net interest income or Non-interest income, as applicable, on the Consolidated Statement of Income in the same period during which the hedged item affects income.
When a hedging instrument expires or is sold, or when a hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, any cumulative gain or loss existing in AOCI at that time remains in AOCI until the forecast transaction impacts the Consolidated Statement of Income. When a forecast transaction is no longer expected to occur, the cumulative gain or loss that was reported in AOCI is immediately reclassified to Net interest income or
Non-interest
income, as applicable, on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Net Investment Hedges
Hedges of net investments in foreign operations are accounted for similar to cash flow hedges. The change in fair value on the hedging instrument relating to the effective portion is recognized in other comprehensive income. The change in fair value of the hedging instrument relating to the ineffective portion is recognized immediately in
non-interest
income. Gains and losses in AOCI are reclassified to the Consolidated Statement of Income upon the disposal or partial disposal of the investment in the foreign operation. The Bank designates derivatives and
non-derivatives
(such as foreign currency deposit liabilities) as hedging instruments in net investment hedges.
 
TD BANK GROUP
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 22

Embedded Derivatives
Derivatives may be embedded in financial liabilities or other host contracts. Embedded derivatives are treated as separate derivatives when their economic characteristics and risks are not closely related to those of the host instrument, a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative would meet the definition of a derivative, and the combined contract is not measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in income, such as
held-for-trading
or designated at FVTPL. These embedded derivatives, which are bifurcated from the host contract, are recognized as Derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and measured at fair value with subsequent changes in fair value recognized in
Non-interest
income on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
TRANSLATION AND PRESENTATION OF FOREIGN CURRENCIES
The Bank’s Consolidated Financial Statements are presented in Canadian dollars. Items included in the financial statements of each of the Bank’s entities are measured using their functional currency, which is the currency of the primary economic environment in which they operate.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a currency that differs from an entity’s functional currency are translated into the functional currency of the entity at exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date.
Non-monetary
assets and liabilities are translated at historical exchange rates. Income and expenses are translated into an entity’s functional currency at average exchange rates for the period. Translation gains and losses are included in
non-interest
income except for equity investments designated at FVOCI where unrealized translation gains and losses are recorded in other comprehensive income.
Foreign operations are those with a functional currency other than Canadian dollars. For the purpose of translation into the Bank’s presentation currency, all assets and liabilities are first measured in the functional currency of the foreign operation and subsequently, translated at exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date. Income and expenses are translated at average exchange rates for the period. Unrealized translation gains and losses relating to these foreign operations, net of gains or losses arising from net investment hedges and applicable income taxes, are included in other comprehensive income. Translation gains and losses in AOCI are recognized on the Consolidated Statement of Income upon the disposal or partial disposal of the foreign operation. The investment balance of foreign entities accounted for by the equity method, including the Bank’s investment in The Charles Schwab Corporation and TD Ameritrade, is translated into Canadian dollars using exchange rates prevailing at the balance sheet date with exchange gains or losses recognized in other comprehensive income.
OFFSETTING OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amount presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, only if the Bank currently has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts, and intends either to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. In all other situations, assets and liabilities are presented on a gross basis.
DETERMINATION OF FAIR VALUE
The fair value of a financial instrument on initial recognition is normally the transaction price, such as the fair value of the consideration given or received. The best evidence of fair value is quoted prices in active markets. When there is no active market for the instrument, the fair value may be based on other observable current market transactions involving the same or similar instrument, without modification or repackaging, or is based on a valuation technique which maximizes the use of observable market inputs.
When financial assets and liabilities have offsetting market risks or credit risks, the Bank applies a measurement exception, as described in Note 5 under Portfolio Exception. The value determined from application of the portfolio exception must be allocated to the individual financial instruments within the group to arrive at the fair value of an individual financial instrument. Balance sheet offsetting presentation requirements, as described above under the
Offsetting of Financial Instruments
section of this Note, are then applied, if applicable.
Valuation adjustments reflect the Bank’s assessment of factors that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. The Bank recognizes various types of valuation adjustments including, but not limited to, adjustments for
bid-offer
spreads, adjustments for the unobservability of inputs used in pricing models, and adjustments for assumptions about risk, such as the creditworthiness of either counterparty and market implied unsecured funding costs and benefits for OTC derivatives.
If there is a difference between the initial transaction price and the value based on a valuation technique, the difference is referred to as inception profit or loss. Inception profit or loss is recognized upon initial recognition of the instrument only if the fair value is based on observable inputs. When an instrument is measured using a valuation technique that utilizes significant
non-observable
inputs, it is initially valued at the transaction price, which is considered the best estimate of fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, any difference between the transaction price and the value determined by the valuation technique at initial recognition is recognized as
non-observable
inputs become observable.
If the fair value of a financial asset measured at fair value becomes negative, it is recognized as a financial liability until either its fair value becomes positive, at which time it is recognized as a financial asset, or until it is extinguished.
DERECOGNITION OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Financial Assets
The Bank derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to that asset have expired. Derecognition may also be appropriate where the contractual right to receive future cash flows from the asset have been transferred, or where the Bank retains the rights to future cash flows from the asset, but assumes an obligation to pay those cash flows to a third party subject to certain criteria.
When the Bank transfers a financial asset, it is necessary to assess the extent to which the Bank has retained the risks and rewards of ownership of the transferred asset. If substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset have been retained, the Bank continues to recognize the financial asset and also recognizes a financial liability for the consideration received. Certain transaction costs incurred are also capitalized and amortized using EIRM. If substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset have been transferred, the Bank will derecognize the financial asset and recognize separately as assets or liabilities any rights and obligations created or retained in the transfer. The Bank determines whether substantially all the risks and rewards have been transferred by quantitatively comparing the variability in cash flows before and after the transfer. If the variability in cash flows does not change significantly as a result of the transfer, the Bank has retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership.
If the Bank neither transfers nor retains substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, the Bank derecognizes the financial asset where it has relinquished control of the financial asset. The Bank is considered to have relinquished control of the financial asset where the transferee has the practical ability to sell the transferred financial asset. Where the Bank has retained control of the financial asset, it continues to recognize the financial asset to the extent of its continuing involvement in the financial asset. Under these circumstances, the Bank usually retains the rights to future cash flows relating to the asset through a residual interest and is exposed to some degree of risk associated with the financial asset.
The derecognition criteria are also applied to the transfer of part of an asset, rather than the asset as a whole, or to a group of similar financial assets in their entirety, when applicable. If transferring a part of an asset, it must be a specifically identified cash flow, a fully proportionate share of the asset, or a fully proportionate share of a specifically identified cash flow.
 
TD BANK GROUP
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 23

Securitization
Securitization is the process by which financial assets are transformed into securities. The Bank securitizes financial assets by transferring those financial assets to a third party and as part of the securitization, certain financial assets may be retained and may consist of an interest-only strip and, in some cases, a cash reserve account (collectively referred to as “retained interests”). If the transfer qualifies for derecognition, a gain or loss is recognized immediately in other income after the effects of hedges on the assets sold, if applicable. The amount of the gain or loss is calculated as the difference between the carrying amount of the asset transferred and the sum of any cash proceeds received, the fair value of any financial asset received or financial liability assumed, and any cumulative gain or loss allocated to the transferred asset that had been recognized in AOCI. To determine the value of the retained interest initially recorded, the previous carrying value of the transferred asset is allocated between the amount derecognized from the balance sheet and the retained interest recorded, in proportion to their relative fair values on the date of transfer. Subsequent to initial recognition, as market prices are generally not available for retained interests, fair value is determined by estimating the present value of future expected cash flows using management’s best estimates of key assumptions that market participants would use in determining fair value. Refer to Note 3 for assumptions used by management in determining the fair value of retained interests. Retained interest is classified as trading securities with subsequent changes in fair value recorded in trading income.
Where the Bank retains the servicing rights, the benefits of servicing are assessed against market expectations. When the benefits of servicing are more than adequate, a servicing asset is recognized. Similarly, when the benefits of servicing are less than adequate, a servicing liability is recognized. Servicing assets and servicing liabilities are initially recognized at fair value and subsequently carried at amortized cost.
Financial Liabilities
The Bank derecognizes a financial liability when the obligation under the liability is discharged, cancelled, or expires. If an existing financial liability is replaced by another financial liability from the same lender on substantially different terms or where the terms of the existing liability are substantially modified, the original liability is derecognized and a new liability is recognized with the difference in the respective carrying amounts recognized on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Securities Purchased Under Reverse Repurchase Agreements, Securities Sold Under Repurchase Agreements, and Securities Borrowing and Lending
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements involve the purchase of securities by the Bank under agreements to resell the securities at a future date. These agreements are treated as collateralized lending transactions whereby the Bank takes possession of the purchased securities, but does not acquire the risks and rewards of ownership. The Bank monitors the market value of the purchased securities relative to the amounts due under the reverse repurchase agreements, and when necessary, requires transfer of additional collateral. In the event of counterparty default, the agreements provide the Bank with the right to liquidate the collateral held and offset the proceeds against the amount owing from the counterparty.
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities by the Bank to counterparties under agreements to repurchase the securities at a future date. These agreements do not result in the risks and rewards of ownership being relinquished and are treated as collateralized borrowing transactions. The Bank monitors the market value of the securities sold relative to the amounts due under the repurchase agreements, and when necessary, transfers additional collateral and may require counterparties to return collateral pledged. Certain transactions that do not meet derecognition criteria are also included in obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements. Refer to Note 9 for further details.
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements are initially recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at the respective prices at which the securities were originally acquired or sold, plus accrued interest. Subsequently, the agreements are measured at amortized cost on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, plus accrued interest, except when they are
held-for-trading
or are designated at FVTPL.
Interest earned on reverse repurchase agreements and interest incurred on repurchase agreements is determined using EIRM and is included in Interest income and Interest expense, respectively, on the Consolidated Statement of Income. Changes in fair value on reverse repurchase agreements and repurchase agreements that are
held-for-trading
or are designated at FVTPL are included in Trading income (loss) or in Income (loss) from financial instruments designated at FVTPL on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
In securities lending transactions, the Bank lends securities to a counterparty and receives collateral in the form of cash or securities. If cash collateral is received, the Bank records the cash along with an obligation to return the cash as Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Where securities are received as collateral, the Bank does not record the collateral on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
In securities borrowing transactions, the Bank borrows securities from a counterparty and pledges either cash or securities as collateral. If cash is pledged as collateral, the Bank records the transaction as Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Securities pledged as collateral remain on the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Where securities are pledged or received as collateral, security borrowing fees and security lending income are recorded in
Non-interest
income on the Consolidated Statement of Income over the term of the transaction. Where cash is pledged or received as collateral, interest received or incurred is included in Interest income and Interest expense, respectively, on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Physical commodities purchased or sold with an agreement to sell or repurchase the physical commodities at a later date at a fixed price, are also included in securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements, respectively, if the derecognition criteria are not met. These instruments are measured at fair value.
GOODWILL
Goodwill represents the excess purchase price paid over the net fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination. Goodwill is carried at its initial cost less accumulated impairment losses.
Goodwill is allocated to a cash-generating unit (CGU) or a group of CGUs that is expected to benefit from the synergies of the business combination, regardless of whether any assets acquired and liabilities assumed are assigned to the CGU or group of CGUs. A CGU is the smallest identifiable group of assets that generates cash flows largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. Each CGU or group of CGUs, to which goodwill is allocated, represents the lowest level within the Bank at which the goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes and is not larger than an operating segment. If the composition of a CGU or group of CGUs to which goodwill has been allocated changes as a result of the sale of a business, restructuring or other changes, the goodwill is reallocated to the units affected using a relative value approach, unless the Bank can demonstrate that some other method better reflects the goodwill associated with the units affected.
Goodwill is assessed for impairment at least annually and when an event or change in circumstances indicates that the carrying amount may be impaired. When impairment indicators are present, the recoverable amount of the CGU or group of CGUs, which is the higher of its estimated fair value less costs of disposal and its
value-in-use,
is determined. If the carrying amount of the CGU or group of CGUs is higher than its recoverable amount, an impairment loss exists. The impairment loss is recognized on the Consolidated Statement of Income and cannot be reversed in future periods.
 
TD BANK GROUP
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 24

INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets represent identifiable
non-monetary
assets and are acquired either separately or through a business combination, or internally generated software. The Bank’s intangible assets consist primarily of core deposit intangibles, credit card related intangibles, and software intangibles. Intangible assets are initially recognized at fair value and are amortized over their estimated useful lives (3 to 20 years) proportionate to their expected economic benefits, except for software which is amortized over its estimated useful life (3 to 7 years) on a straight-line basis.
The Bank assesses its intangible assets for impairment on a quarterly basis. When impairment indicators are present, the recoverable amount of the asset, which is the higher of its estimated fair value less costs of disposal and its
value-in-use,
is determined. If the carrying amount of the asset is higher than its recoverable amount, the asset is written down to its recoverable amount. Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Bank estimates the recoverable amount of the CGU to which the asset belongs. If the CGU is not impaired, the useful life of the intangible asset is assessed with any changes applied on a prospective basis. An impairment loss is recognized on the Consolidated Statement of Income in the period in which the impairment is identified. Impairment losses recognized previously are assessed and reversed if the circumstances leading to the impairment are no longer present. Reversal of any impairment loss will not exceed the carrying amount of the intangible asset that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior periods.
LAND, BUILDINGS, EQUIPMENT, AND OTHER DEPRECIABLE ASSETS
Land is recognized at cost. Buildings, computer equipment, furniture and fixtures, other equipment, and leasehold improvements are recognized at cost less accumulated depreciation and provisions for impairment, if any. Gains or losses on disposal are included in
Non-interest
income on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
The Bank adopted IFRS 16,
Leases
(IFRS 16)
,
on November 1, 2019. Refer to the Leases section of this Note for further details.
The Bank records the obligation associated with the retirement of a long-lived asset at fair value in the period in which it is incurred and can be reasonably estimated, and records a corresponding increase to the carrying amount of the asset. The asset is depreciated on a straight-line basis over its remaining useful life while the liability is accreted to reflect the passage of time until the eventual settlement of the obligation.
Depreciation is recognized on a straight-line basis over the useful lives of the assets estimated by asset category, as follows:
 
Asset
  
 
Useful Life
 
Buildings
     15 to 40 years  
Computer equipment
     2 to 8 years  
Furniture and fixtures
     3 to 15 years  
Other equipment
     5 to 15 years  
   
Leasehold improvements
    
Lesser of the remaining lease term and the remaining useful life of the asset  
 
The Bank assesses its depreciable assets for changes in useful life or impairment on a quarterly basis. Where an impairment indicator exists and the depreciable asset does not generate separate cash flows on a stand-alone basis, impairment is assessed based on the recoverable amount of the CGU to which the depreciable asset belongs. If the CGU is not impaired, the useful life of the depreciable asset is assessed with any changes applied on a prospective basis. Any impairment loss is recognized on the Consolidated Statement of Income in the period in which the impairment is identified. Impairment losses previously recognized are assessed and reversed if the circumstances leading to their impairment are no longer present. Reversal of any impairment loss will not exceed the carrying amount of the depreciable asset that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior periods.
NON-CURRENT
ASSETS
HELD-FOR-SALE
Individual
non-current
assets or disposal groups are classified as
held-for-sale
if they are available for immediate sale in their present condition subject only to terms that are usual and customary for sales of such assets or disposal groups, and their sale must be highly probable to occur within one year. For a sale to be highly probable, management must be committed to a sales plan and initiate an active program to market the sale of the
non-current
assets or disposal groups.
Non-current
assets or disposal groups classified as
held-for-sale
are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Write-downs on premises related
non-current
assets and write-downs on equipment on initial classification as
held-for-sale
are included in the line items Occupancy, including depreciation and Equipment, including depreciation, respectively; both of which are included in
Non-interest
expenses on the Consolidated Statement of Income. Subsequently, a
non-current
asset or disposal group that is
held-for-sale
is no longer depreciated or amortized, and any subsequent write-downs in fair value less costs to sell or such increases not in excess of cumulative write-downs, are recognized in Other income on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
The Bank grants share options to certain employees as compensation for services provided to the Bank. The Bank uses a binomial tree-based valuation option pricing model to estimate fair value for all share option compensation awards. The cost of the share options is based on the fair value estimated at the grant date and is recognized as compensation expense and contributed surplus over the service period required for employees to become fully entitled to the awards. This period is generally equal to the vesting period in addition to a period prior to the grant date. For the Bank’s share options, this period is generally equal to five years. When options are exercised, the amount initially recognized in the contributed surplus balance is reduced, with a corresponding increase in common shares.
The Bank has various other share-based compensation plans where certain employees are awarded share units equivalent to the Bank’s common shares as compensation for services provided to the Bank. The obligation related to share units is included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Compensation expense is recognized based on the fair value of the share units at the grant date adjusted for changes in fair value between the grant date and the vesting date, net of hedging activities, over the service period required for employees to become fully entitled to the awards. This period is generally equal to the vesting period, in addition to a period prior to the grant date. For the Bank’s share units, this period is generally equal to four years.
 
TD BANK GROUP
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
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EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
Defined Benefit Plans
Actuarial valuations are prepared at least every three years to determine the present value of the projected benefit obligation related to the Bank’s defined benefit plans. In periods between actuarial valuations, an extrapolation is performed based on the most recent valuation completed. All actuarial gains and losses are recognized immediately in other comprehensive income, with cumulative gains and losses reclassified to retained earnings. Pension and post-retirement defined benefit plan expenses are determined based upon separate actuarial valuations using the projected benefit method
pro-rated
on service and management’s best estimates of discount rate, compensation increases, health care cost trend rate, and mortality rates, which are reviewed annually with the Bank’s actuaries. The discount rate used to value liabilities is determined by reference to market yields on high-quality corporate bonds with terms matching the plans’ specific cash flows
.
The expense recognized includes the cost of benefits for employee service provided in the current year, net interest expense or income on the net defined benefit liability or asset, past service costs related to plan amendments, curtailments or settlements, and administrative costs. Plan amendment costs are recognized in the period of a plan amendment, irrespective of its vested status. Curtailments and settlements are recognized by the Bank when the curtailment or settlement occurs. A curtailment occurs when there is a significant reduction in the number of employees covered by the plan. A settlement occurs when the Bank enters into a transaction that eliminates all further legal or constructive obligation for part or all of the benefits provided under a defined benefit plan.
The fair value of plan assets and the present value of the projected benefit obligation are measured as at October 31. The net defined benefit asset or liability represents the difference between the cumulative actuarial gains and losses, expenses, and recognized contributions and is reported in other assets or other liabilities.
Net defined benefit assets recognized by the Bank are subject to a ceiling which limits the asset recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet to the amount that is recoverable through refunds of contributions or future contribution holidays. In addition, where a regulatory funding deficit exists related to a defined benefit plan, the Bank is required to record a liability equal to the present value of all future cash payments required to eliminate that deficit.
Defined Contribution Plans
For defined contribution plans, annual pension expense is equal to the Bank’s contributions to those plans.
INSURANCE
Premiums for short-duration insurance contracts are deferred as unearned premiums and reported in
Non-interest
income on the Consolidated Statement of Income on a straight-line basis over the contractual term of the underlying policies, usually twelve months. Such premiums are recognized net of amounts ceded for reinsurance and apply primarily to property and casualty contracts. Unearned premiums are reported in insurance-related liabilities, gross of premiums ceded to reinsurers which are recognized in other assets. Premiums from life and health insurance policies are recognized as income when earned in insurance revenue.
For property and casualty insurance, insurance claims and policy benefit liabilities represent current claims and estimates for future claims related to insurable events occurring at or before the Consolidated Balance Sheet date. These are determined by the appointed actuary in accordance with accepted actuarial practices and are reported as other liabilities. Expected claims and policy benefit liabilities are determined on a
case-by-case
basis and consider such variables as past loss experience, current claims trends and changes in the prevailing social, economic, and legal environment. These liabilities are continually reviewed, and as experience develops and new information becomes known, the liabilities are adjusted as necessary. In addition to reported claims information, the liabilities recognized by the Bank include a provision to account for the future development of insurance claims, including insurance claims incurred but not reported by policyholders (IBNR). IBNR liabilities are evaluated based on historical development trends and actuarial methodologies for groups of claims with similar attributes. For life and health insurance, actuarial liabilities represent the present values of future policy cash flows as determined using standard actuarial valuation practices. Actuarial liabilities are reported in insurance-related liabilities with changes reported in insurance claims and related expenses.
PROVISIONS
Provisions are recognized when the Bank has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, the amount of which can be reliably estimated, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation.
Provisions are measured based on management’s best estimate of the consideration required to settle the obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditure expected to be required to settle the obligation, using a discount rate that reflects the current market assessment of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation.
INCOME TAXES
Income tax is comprised of current and deferred tax. Income tax is recognized in the Provision for (recovery of) income taxes on the Consolidated Statement of Income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the related taxes are also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.
Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and the amounts attributed to such assets and liabilities for tax purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the tax rates that are expected to apply when the assets or liabilities are reported for tax purposes. Deferred tax assets are recognized only when it is probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available in future periods against which deductible temporary differences may be utilized. Deferred tax liabilities are not recognized on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, branches, and associates, and interests in joint ventures if the Bank controls the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
The Bank records a provision for uncertain tax positions if it is probable that the Bank will have to make a payment to tax authorities upon their examination of a tax position. This provision is measured at the Bank’s best estimate of the amount expected to be paid. Provisions are reversed in provision for (recovery of) income taxes in the period in which management determines they are no longer required or as determined by statute.
LEASES
An arrangement contains a lease if there is an identified asset and the Bank has a right to control that asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. A
right-of-use
(ROU) asset and lease liability is recognized for all leases except for short term leases and low value leases, as described below. At the lease commencement date, the lease liability is initially recognized at the present value of the future lease payments over the remaining lease term and is discounted using the Bank’s incremental borrowing rate. The ROU asset is recognized at cost, comprising an amount equal to the lease liability, subject to certain adjustments. Subsequently, the ROU asset is measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment and adjusted for any remeasurement of lease liabilities, while the lease liability is accreted using the Bank’s incremental borrowing rate. The lease liability is remeasured when there is a modification, a change in the lease term, a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments) or changes in the Bank’s assumptions or strategies relating to the exercise of purchase, extension, or termination options.
 
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The Bank’s leases consist primarily of real estate, equipment and other asset leases. ROU assets are recorded in Land, Buildings, Equipment, and Other depreciable assets, and lease liabilities are included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Interest expense on lease liabilities is included in Net interest income and depreciation expense on the ROU assets is recognized in
Non-interest
expense on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
Short-term leases, which have a lease term of twelve months or less, and leases of
low-value
assets are exempt, and their payments are recognized in
Non-interest
expense on a straight-line basis within the Bank’s Consolidated Statement of Income
.
 
NOTE 3:  SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS, ESTIMATES, AND ASSUMPTIONS
The estimates used in the Bank’s accounting policies are essential to understanding its results of operations and financial condition. Some of the Bank’s policies require subjective, complex judgments and estimates as they relate to matters that are inherently uncertain. Changes in these judgments or estimates and changes to accounting standards and policies could have a materially adverse impact on the Bank’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The Bank has established procedures to ensure that accounting policies are applied consistently and that the processes for changing methodologies, determining estimates, and adopting new accounting standards are well-controlled and occur in an appropriate and systematic manner.
CLASSIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT OF FINANCIAL ASSETS
Business Model Assessment
The Bank determines its business models based on the objective under which its portfolios of financial assets are managed. Refer to Note 2 for details on the Bank’s business models. In determining its business models, the Bank considers the following:
•  
Management’s intent and strategic objectives and the operation of the stated policies in practice;
•  
The primary risks that affect the performance of the business model and how these risks are managed;
•  
How the performance of the portfolio is evaluated and reported to management; and
•  
The frequency and significance of financial asset sales in prior periods, the reasons for such sales and the expected future sales activities.
Sales in themselves do not determine the business model and are not considered in isolation. Instead, sales provide evidence about how cash flows are realized. A
held-to-collect
business model will be reassessed by the Bank to determine whether any sales are consistent with an objective of collecting contractual cash flows if the sales are more than insignificant in value or more than infrequent
.
Solely Payments of Principal and Interest Test
In assessing whether contractual cash flows represent SPPI, the Bank considers the contractual terms of the instrument. This includes assessing whether the financial asset contains a contractual term that could change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows such that they would not be consistent with a basic lending arrangement. In making the assessment, the Bank considers the primary terms as follows and assesses if the contractual cash flows of the instruments continue to meet the SPPI test:
•  
Performance-linked features;
•  
Terms that limit the Bank’s claim to cash flows from specified assets
(non-recourse
terms);
•  
Prepayment and extension terms;
•  
Leverage features; and
•  
Features that modify elements of the time value of money.
IMPAIRMENT OF FINANCIAL ASSETS
Significant Increase in Credit Risk
For retail exposures, criteria for assessing significant increase in credit risk are defined at the appropriate product or portfolio level and vary based on the exposure’s credit risk at origination. The criteria include relative changes in PD, absolute PD backstop, and delinquency backstop when contractual payments are more than 30 days past due. Significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition has occurred when one of the criteria is met.
For
non-retail
exposures, BRR is determined on an individual borrower basis using industry and sector specific credit risk models that are based on historical data. Current and forward-looking information that is specific to the borrower, industry, and sector is considered based on expert credit judgment. Criteria for assessing significant increase in credit risk are defined at the appropriate segmentation level and vary based on the BRR of the exposure at origination. Criteria include relative changes in BRR, absolute BRR backstop, and delinquency backstop when contractual payments are more than 30 days past due. Significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition has occurred when one of the criteria is met. Refer to the
Impact of
COVID-19
section of this Note for considerations as a result of
COVID-19.
Measurement of Expected Credit Loss
For retail exposures, ECLs are calculated as the product of PD, loss given default (LGD), and exposure at default (EAD) at each time step over the remaining expected life of the financial asset and discounted to the reporting date based on the EIR. PD estimates represent the forward-looking PD, updated quarterly based on the Bank’s historical experience, current conditions, and relevant forward-looking expectations over the expected life of the exposure to determine the lifetime PD curve. LGD estimates are determined based on historical
charge-off
events and recovery payments, current information about attributes specific to the borrower, and direct costs. Expected cash flows from collateral, guarantees, and other credit enhancements are incorporated in LGD if integral to the contractual terms. Relevant macroeconomic variables are incorporated in determining expected LGD. EAD represents the expected balance at default across the remaining expected life of the exposure. EAD incorporates forward-looking expectations about repayments of drawn balances and future draws where applicable.
For
non-retail
exposures, ECLs are calculated based on the present value of cash shortfalls determined as the difference between contractual cash flows and expected cash flows over the remaining expected life of the financial instrument. Lifetime PD is determined by mapping the exposure’s BRR to forward-looking PD over the expected life. LGD estimates are determined by mapping the exposure’s facility risk rating (FRR) to expected LGD which takes into account facility-specific characteristics such as collateral, seniority ranking of debt, and loan structure. Relevant macroeconomic variables are incorporated in determining expected PD and LGD. Expected cash flows are determined by applying the expected LGD to the contractual cash flows to calculate cash shortfalls over the expected life of the exposure.
 
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CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
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Forward-Looking Information
In calculating ECLs, the Bank employs internally developed models that utilize parameters for PD, LGD, and EAD. Forward-looking macroeconomic factors including at the regional level are incorporated in the risk parameters as relevant. Additional risk factors that are industry or segment specific are also incorporated, where relevant. Forward-looking macroeconomic forecasts are generated by TD Economics as part of the ECL process: A base economic forecast is accompanied with upside and downside estimates of realistically possible economic conditions by considering the sources of uncertainty around the base forecast. All macroeconomic forecasts are updated quarterly for each variable on a regional basis where applicable and incorporated as relevant into the quarterly modelling of base, upside and downside risk parameters used in the calculation of ECL scenarios and probability-weighted ECLs. TD Economics will apply judgment to recommend probability weights to each forecast on a quarterly basis. The proposed macroeconomic forecasts and probability weightings are subject to robust management review and challenge process by a cross-functional committee that includes representation from TD Economics, Risk, Finance, and Business. ECLs calculated under each of the three forecasts are applied against the respective probability weightings to determine the probability-weighted ECLs. Refer to the
Impact of
COVID-19
section of this Note for considerations as a result of
COVID-19
and Note 8 for further details on the macroeconomic variables and ECL sensitivity.
Expert Credit Judgment
ECLs are recognized on the initial recognition of financial assets. Allowance for credit losses represents management’s best estimate of the risk of default and ECLs on the financial assets, including any
off-balance
sheet exposures, at the balance sheet date. Management exercises expert credit judgment in assessing if an exposure has experienced significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition and in determining the amount of ECLs at each reporting date by considering reasonable and supportable information that is not already included in the quantitative models. Refer to the
Impact of
COVID-19
section of this Note for considerations as a result of
COVID-19.
Management’s judgment is used to determine the point within the range that is the best estimate for the qualitative component contributing to ECLs, based on an assessment of business and economic conditions, historical loss experience, loan portfolio composition, and other relevant indicators and forward-looking information that are not fully incorporated into the model calculation. Changes in these assumptions would have a direct impact on the provision for credit losses and may result in a change in the allowance for credit losses.
Impact of
COVID-19
The Bank introduced relief programs in 2020 that allowed borrowers to temporarily defer payments of principal and/or interest on their loans and supported various government assistance programs which reduced the Bank’s exposure to expected losses. Under these relief programs and notwithstanding any other changes in credit risk, opting into a payment deferral program did not in and of itself trigger a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition (which would result in stage migration) and did not result in additional days past due. The majority of these relief programs have now ended.
As a result of
COVID-19,
there is a higher degree of uncertainty in determining reasonable and supportable forward-looking information. Management exercises expert credit judgment in assessing if an exposure has experienced significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition and in determining the amount of ECLs at each reporting date, by considering reasonable and supportable information that is not already included in the quantitative models. The current environment is subject to rapid change and to the extent that certain effects of
COVID-19
are not fully incorporated into the model calculations, increased temporary quantitative and qualitative adjustments have been applied. This includes borrower credit scores, industry and geography specific
COVID-19
impacts, payment support initiatives introduced by the Bank and governments, and the persistence of the economic shutdown, the effects of which are not yet fully reflected in the quantitative models. The Bank has performed certain additional qualitative portfolio and loan level assessments of significant increase in credit risk.
LEASES
The Bank applies judgment in determining the appropriate lease term on a
lease-by-lease
basis. All facts and circumstances that create an economic incentive to exercise a renewal option or not to exercise a termination option including investments in major leaseholds, branch performance and past business practice are considered. The periods covered by renewal or termination options are only included in the lease term if it is reasonably certain that the Bank will exercise the options; management considers “reasonably certain” to be a high threshold. Changes in the economic environment or changes in the industry may impact the Bank’s assessment of lease term, and any changes in the Bank’s estimate of lease terms may have a material impact on the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet and Consolidated Statement of Income.
In determining the carrying amount of ROU assets and lease liabilities, the Bank is required to estimate the incremental borrowing rate specific to each leased asset or portfolio of leased assets if the interest rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. The Bank determines the incremental borrowing rate of each leased asset or portfolio of leased assets by incorporating the Bank’s creditworthiness, the security, term, and value of the ROU asset, and the economic environment in which the leased asset operates. The incremental borrowing rates are subject to change mainly due to changes in the macroeconomic environment.
FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The fair value of financial instruments traded in active markets at the balance sheet date is based on their quoted market prices. For all other financial instruments not traded in an active market, fair value may be based on other observable current market transactions involving the same or similar instruments, without modification or repackaging, or is based on a valuation technique which maximizes the use of observable market inputs. Observable market inputs may include interest rate yield curves, foreign exchange rates, and option volatilities. Valuation techniques include comparisons with similar instruments where observable market prices exist, discounted cash flow analysis, option pricing models, and other valuation techniques commonly used by market participants.
For certain complex or illiquid financial instruments, fair value is determined using valuation techniques in which current market transactions or observable market inputs are not available. The judgments include determining which valuation techniques to apply, liquidity considerations, and model inputs such as volatilities, correlations, spreads, discount rates,
pre-payment
rates, and prices of underlying instruments. Any imprecision in these estimates can affect the resulting fair value.
Judgment is also used in recording valuation adjustments to model fair values to account for system limitations or measurement uncertainty, such as when valuing complex and less actively traded financial instruments. If the market for a complex financial instrument develops, the pricing for this instrument may become more transparent, resulting in refinement of valuation models. For example, IBOR reform may also have an impact on the fair value of products that reference or use valuation models with IBOR inputs.
An analysis of fair values of financial instruments and further details as to how they are measured are provided in Note 5.
 
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
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CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
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DERECOGNITION OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
Certain assets transferred may qualify for derecognition from the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. To qualify for derecognition certain key determinations must be made. A decision must be made as to whether the rights to receive cash flows from the financial assets have been retained or transferred and the extent to which the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial assets have been retained or transferred. If the Bank neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset, a decision must be made as to whether the Bank has retained control of the financial asset. Upon derecognition, the Bank will record a gain or loss on sale of those assets which is calculated as the difference between the carrying amount of the asset transferred and the sum of any cash proceeds received, including any financial asset received or financial liability assumed, and any cumulative gain or loss allocated to the transferred asset that had been recognized in AOCI. In determining the fair value of any financial asset received, the Bank estimates future cash flows by relying on estimates of the amount of interest that will be collected on the securitized assets, the yield to be paid to investors, the portion of the securitized assets that will be prepaid before their scheduled maturity, ECLs, the cost of servicing the assets, and the rate at which to discount these expected future cash flows. Actual cash flows may differ significantly from those estimated by the Bank. Retained interests are classified as trading securities and are initially recognized at relative fair value on the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. Subsequently, the fair value of retained interests recognized by the Bank is determined by estimating the present value of future expected cash flows. Differences between the actual cash flows and the Bank’s estimate of future cash flows are recognized in trading income. These assumptions are subject to periodic review and may change due to significant changes in the economic environment.
GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES
The recoverable amount of the Bank’s CGUs is determined from internally developed valuation models that consider various factors and assumptions such as forecasted earnings, growth rates, discount rates, and terminal growth rates. Management is required to use judgment in estimating the recoverable amount of CGUs, and the use of different assumptions and estimates in the calculations could influence the determination of the existence of impairment and the valuation of goodwill. Management believes that the assumptions and estimates used are reasonable and supportable. Where possible, assumptions generated internally are compared to relevant market information. The carrying amounts of the Bank’s CGUs are determined by management using risk-based capital models to adjust net assets and liabilities by CGU. These models consider various factors including market risk, credit risk, and operational risk, including investment capital (comprised of goodwill and other intangibles). Any capital not directly attributable to the CGUs is held within the Corporate segment. The Bank’s capital oversight committees provide oversight to the Bank’s capital allocation methodologies.
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
The projected benefit obligation and expense related to the Bank’s pension and post-retirement defined benefit plans are determined using multiple assumptions that may significantly influence the value of these amounts. Actuarial assumptions including discount rates, compensation increases, health care cost trend rates, and mortality rates are management’s best estimates and are reviewed annually with the Bank’s actuaries. The Bank develops each assumption using relevant historical experience of the Bank in conjunction with market-related data and considers if the market-related data indicates there is any prolonged or significant impact on the assumptions. The discount rate used to value the projected benefit obligation is determined by reference to market yields on high-quality corporate bonds with terms matching the plans’ specific cash flows. The other assumptions are also long-term estimates. All assumptions are subject to a degree of uncertainty. Differences between actual experiences and the assumptions, as well as changes in the assumptions resulting from changes in future expectations, result in actuarial gains and losses which are recognized in other comprehensive income during the year and also impact expenses in future periods.
INCOME TAXES
The Bank is subject to taxation in numerous jurisdictions. There are many transactions and calculations in the ordinary course of business for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Bank maintains provisions for uncertain tax positions that it believes appropriately reflect the risk of tax positions under discussion, audit, dispute, or appeal with tax authorities, or which are otherwise considered to involve uncertainty. These provisions are made using the Bank’s best estimate of the amount expected to be paid based on an assessment of all relevant factors, which are reviewed at the end of each reporting period. However, it is possible that at some future date, an additional liability could result from audits by the relevant taxing authorities.
Deferred tax assets are recognized only when it is probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available in future periods against which deductible temporary differences may be utilized. The amount of the deferred tax asset recognized and considered realizable could, however, be reduced if projected income is not achieved due to various factors, such as unfavourable business conditions. If projected income is not expected to be achieved, the Bank would decrease its deferred tax assets to the amount that it believes can be realized. The magnitude of the decrease is significantly influenced by the Bank’s forecast of future profit generation, which determines the extent to which it will be able to utilize the deferred tax assets.
PROVISIONS
Provisions arise when there is some uncertainty in the timing or amount of a loss in the future. Provisions are based on the Bank’s best estimate of all expenditures required to settle its present obligations, considering all relevant risks and uncertainties, as well as, when material, the effect of the time value of money.
Many of the Bank’s provisions relate to various legal actions that the Bank is involved in during the ordinary course of business. Legal provisions require the involvement of both the Bank’s management and legal counsel when assessing the probability of a loss and estimating any monetary impact. Throughout the life of a provision, the Bank’s management or legal counsel may learn of additional information that may impact its assessments about the probability of loss or about the estimates of amounts involved. Changes in these assessments may lead to changes in the amount recorded for provisions. In addition, the actual costs of resolving these claims may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts recognized. The Bank reviews its legal provisions on a
case-by-case
basis after considering, among other factors, the progress of each case, the Bank’s experience, the experience of others in similar cases, and the opinions and views of legal counsel.
Certain of the Bank’s provisions relate to restructuring initiatives initiated by the Bank. Restructuring provisions require management’s best estimate, including forecasts of economic conditions. Throughout the life of a provision, the Bank may become aware of additional information that may impact the assessment of amounts to be incurred. Changes in these assessments may lead to changes in the amount recorded for provisions.
INSURANCE
The assumptions used in establishing the Bank’s insurance claims and policy benefit liabilities are based on best estimates of possible outcomes.
For property and casualty insurance, the ultimate cost of claims liabilities is estimated using a range of standard actuarial claims projection techniques in accordance with Canadian accepted actuarial practices. Additional qualitative judgment is used to assess the extent to which past trends may or may not apply in the future, in order to arrive at the estimated ultimate claims cost that present the most likely outcome taking into account all the uncertainties involved.
For life and health insurance, actuarial liabilities consider all future policy cash flows, including premiums, claims, and expenses required to administer the policies. Critical assumptions used in the measurement of life and health insurance contract liabilities are determined by the appointed actuary.
Further information on insurance risk assumptions is provided in Note 22.
 
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
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CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
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CONSOLIDATION OF STRUCTURED ENTITIES
Management judgment is required when assessing whether the Bank should consolidate an entity. For instance, it may not be feasible to determine if the Bank controls an entity solely through an assessment of voting rights for certain structured entities. In this case, judgment is required to establish whether the Bank has decision-making power over the key relevant activities of the entity and whether the Bank has the ability to use that power to absorb significant variable returns from the entity. If it is determined that the Bank has both decision-making power and significant variable returns from the entity, judgment is also used to determine whether any such power is exercised by the Bank as principal, on its own behalf, or as agent, on behalf of another counterparty.
Assessing whether the Bank has decision-making power includes understanding the purpose and design of the entity in order to determine its key economic activities. In this context, an entity’s key economic activities are those which predominantly impact the economic performance of the entity. When the Bank has the current ability to direct the entity’s key economic activities, it is considered to have decision-making power over the entity.
The Bank also evaluates its exposure to the variable returns of a structured entity in order to determine if it absorbs a significant proportion of the variable returns the entity is designed to create. As part of this evaluation, the Bank considers the purpose and design of the entity in order to determine whether it absorbs variable returns from the structured entity through its contractual holdings, which may take the form of securities issued by the entity, derivatives with the entity, or other arrangements such as guarantees, liquidity facilities, or lending commitments.
If the Bank has decision-making power over the entity and absorbs significant variable returns from the entity, it then determines if it is acting as principal or agent when exercising its decision-making power. Key factors considered include the scope of its decision-making powers; the rights of other parties involved with the entity, including any rights to remove the Bank as decision-maker or rights to participate in key decisions; whether the rights of other parties are exercisable in practice; and the variable returns absorbed by the Bank and by other parties involved with the entity. When assessing consolidation, a presumption exists that the Bank exercises decision-making power as principal if it is also exposed to significant variable returns, unless an analysis of the factors above indicates otherwise.
The decisions above are made with reference to the specific facts and circumstances relevant for the structured entity and related transaction(s) under consideration.
REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
The Bank applies judgment to determine the timing of satisfaction of performance obligations which affects the timing of revenue recognition, by evaluating the pattern in which the Bank transfers control of services promised to the customer. A performance obligation is satisfied over time when the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits as the Bank performs the service. For performance obligations satisfied over time, revenue is generally recognized using the time-elapsed method which is based on time elapsed in proportion to the period over which the service is provided, for example, personal deposit account bundle fees. The time-elapsed method is a faithful depiction of the transfer of control for these services as control is transferred evenly to the customer when the Bank provides a stand-ready service or effort is expended evenly by the Bank to provide a service over the contract period. In contracts where the Bank has a right to consideration from a customer in an amount that corresponds directly with the value to the customer of the Bank’s performance completed to date, the Bank recognizes revenue in the amount to which it has a right to invoice.
The Bank satisfies a performance obligation at a point in time if the customer obtains control of the promised services at that date. Determining when control is transferred requires the use of judgment. For transaction-based services, the Bank determines that control is transferred to the customer at a point in time when the customer obtains substantially all of the benefits from the service rendered and the Bank has a present right to payment, which generally coincides with the moment the transaction is executed.
The Bank exercises judgment in determining whether costs incurred in connection with acquiring new revenue contracts would meet the requirement to be capitalized as incremental costs to obtain or fulfil a contract with customers
.
 
NOTE 4:  CURRENT AND FUTURE CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES
CURRENT CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICY
The following new standards and changes in accounting policies have been adopted by the Bank on November 1, 2020.
Interest Rate Benchmark Reform Phase 2
On August 27, 2020, the IASB issued
Interest Rate Benchmark Reform – Phase 2, Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16
(Interest Rate Benchmark Reform Phase 2). The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Bank early adopted these amendments on November 1, 2020 and no transition adjustment was required.
Interest Rate Benchmark Reform Phase 2 addresses issues affecting financial reporting when changes are made to contractual cash flows of financial instruments or hedging relationships as a result of IBOR reform. The amendments permit modification to financial assets, financial liabilities and lessee lease liabilities required as a direct consequence of IBOR reform and made on an economically equivalent basis to be accounted for by updating the EIR prospectively. If the modification does not meet the practical expedient requirements, existing IFRS requirements are applied. Reliefs are also provided for an entity’s hedge accounting relationships in circumstances where changes to hedged items and hedging instruments arise as a result of IBOR reform. The amendments enable entities to amend the formal designation and documentation of a hedging relationship to reflect these changes without discontinuing the hedging relationship or designating a new hedging relationship. Permitted changes include redefining the hedged risk to reference an ARR (contractually or
non-contractually
specified), amending the description of the hedged item and hedging instrument to reflect the ARR, and amending the description of how the entity will assess hedge effectiveness. Hedging relationships within the scope of Interest Rate Benchmark Reform Phase 2 are the same as those within the scope of Interest Rate Benchmark Reform Phase 1. Interest Rate Benchmark Reform Phase 2 also amended IFRS 7, introducing expanded qualitative and quantitative disclosures about the risks arising from IBOR reform, how an entity is managing those risks, its progress in completing the transition to ARRs, and how it is managing the transition.
The global benchmark rate reform initiative to transition from IBORs to ARRs may result in market dislocation and have other adverse consequences to the Bank, its customers, market participants, and the financial services industry. Market risks arise because the new reference rates are likely to differ from the existing benchmark rates which could result in different financial performance for previously booked transactions, require alternative hedging strategies, or affect the Bank’s capital and liquidity planning and management. In order to manage these risks, the Bank has established an enterprise-wide, cross functional initiative with senior management and Board oversight to evaluate and monitor the impact of the market, financial, operational, legal, technology and other risks on its products, services, systems, models, documents, processes, and risk management frameworks with the intention of managing the impact through appropriate mitigating actions.
 
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The Bank is progressing on its transition plan and continues to monitor industry and regulatory developments while incorporating global working group and regulator best practice guidance on transition activities. Details related to certain market developments are noted below:
•
 
To help support the transition of legacy derivative contracts, the Bank’s registered swap dealer and four additional Bank affiliates have adhered to the International Swaps and Derivatives Association IBOR Fallbacks Protocol (ISDA Protocol). The ISDA Protocol, which took effect on January 25, 2021, provides an efficient transition mechanism for mutually adhering counterparties to incorporate prescribed fallback rates into legacy derivative contracts.
•
 
London Clearing House and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) Group have established a process with market participants to convert outstanding London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR) swaps into corresponding market standard ARR-based contracts.
•
 
In July 2021, the Alternative Reference Rates Committee formally recommended CME Group’s forward-looking Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) term rates, following completion of a key change in interdealer trading conventions on July 26, 2021 under the SOFR First initiative.
In March 2021, the ICE Benchmark Administration (IBA) announced that the publication of LIBOR settings will cease immediately after December 31, 2021 for all sterling, Japanese yen, Swiss franc, and euro settings as well as the 1-week and 2-month US LIBOR settings. The remaining US LIBOR settings will cease to be published immediately after June 30, 2023. In September 2021, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) confirmed that they will require the IBA to publish certain settings of sterling and Japanese yen LIBOR on a non-representative synthetic basis after December 31, 2021 to support an orderly wind down of legacy exposures in the marketplace. To support the global regulatory objective to transition away from LIBOR benchmarks, global regulators have issued guidance and policy statements to supervised institutions restricting the use of US LIBOR as a reference rate in new contracts written after December 31, 2021, subject to limited exceptions.
The following table discloses the Bank’s exposures to significant interest rate benchmarks subject to IBOR reform that have yet to transition to an ARR and will be maturing after June 30, 2023 for certain US LIBOR settings and after December 31, 2021 for other IBORs subject to transition. This also includes exposures to interest rate benchmarks subject to IBOR reform that are not required to transition to an ARR.
 
Exposures to Interest Rate Benchmarks Subject to IBOR Reform
1,2,3
 
   
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
As at October 31, 2021
 
    
Non-derivative
financial assets
4
    
Non-derivative
financial liabilities
                  
Derivatives
          
Off-balance sheet
commitments
5
 
     
Carrying amount
    
Carrying amount
          
Notional
    
Positive
fair value
    
Negative
fair value
          
Contractual
amount
 
US LIBOR tenors ceasing 12/31/2021
  
$
1,496
 
  
$
–
 
          
$
172
 
  
$
1
 
  
$
16
 
          
$
–
 
US LIBOR tenors ceasing 06/30/2023
  
 
     102,219
 
  
 
519
 
          
 
3,242,624
 
  
 
1,486
 
  
 
2,327
 
          
 
89,407
 
GBP LIBOR
  
 
748
 
  
 
–
 
          
 
254,009
 
  
 
10
 
  
 
2
 
          
 
1,870
 
Other IBORs
6
  
 
328
 
  
 
–
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
241,485
 
  
 
301
 
  
 
176
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
–
 
                 
 
  
 
104,791
 
  
 
519
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
3,738,290
 
  
 
1,798
 
  
 
2,521
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
91,277
 
Cross-currency swaps
7
                                                                     
US LIBOR / other rates
8
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
          
 
447,821
 
  
 
7,148
 
  
 
7,488
 
          
 
n/a
 
US LIBOR / GBP LIBOR
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
          
 
122,832
 
  
 
438
 
  
 
408
 
          
 
n/a
 
US LIBOR / JPY LIBOR
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
          
 
34,335
 
  
 
486
 
  
 
525
 
          
 
n/a
 
Other IBORs
6
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
37,277
 
  
 
1,072
 
  
 
890
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
n/a
 
                 
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
642,265
 
  
 
9,144
 
  
 
9,311
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
n/a
 
Total
  
$
104,791
 
  
$
    519
 
 
 
 
 
  
$
    4,380,555
 
  
$
    10,942
 
  
$
    11,832
 
 
 
 
 
  
$
     91,277
 
 
1
 
ARRs for major interest rate benchmarks include SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate) for US LIBOR, SONIA (Sterling Overnight Index Average) for GBP LIBOR, and TONAR (Tokyo Overnight Average Rate) for JPY LIBOR.
2
 
EURIBOR (Euro Interbank Offered Rate) is excluded from the table as it underwent a methodology change in 2019 and will continue as an interest rate benchmark. As at October 31, 2021, the notional amount of derivatives indexed to EURIBOR was $1,811 billion, and the carrying amounts of
non-derivative
financial assets and
non-derivative
financial liabilities indexed to EURIBOR were $618 million and $19 million, respectively.
3
Certain demand facilities indexed to US LIBOR have no specific maturity and are therefore excluded from the table. As at October 31, 2021, the carrying amounts of demand loans and demand deposits indexed to US LIBOR with no specific maturity were $2 billion and $2 billion, respectively.
4
 
Loans reported under
non-derivative
financial assets represent the drawn amounts and exclude allowance for loan losses. As at October 31, 2021, the carrying amount of
non-derivative
financial assets indexed to US LIBOR tenors ceasing after June 30, 2023 was $102 billion, of which $60 billion relates to Loans, $37 billion relates to Debt securities at amortized cost, and $5 billion relates to Financial assets at FVOCI.
5
 
Many of the Bank’s corporate loan facilities permit the borrower to select the benchmark interest rate upon drawing on the facility. Based on the Bank’s historical experience, the benchmark interest rate selected by the borrower is often the same as the facility currency and therefore the Bank has assumed that the benchmark interest rate for its undrawn credit and liquidity commitments is the same as the facility currency for the purpose of this disclosure.
6
 
“Other IBORs” include the following interest rate benchmarks that are subject to IBOR reform: EUR LIBOR, CHF LIBOR, JPY LIBOR, EUR EONIA (Euro Overnight Index Average), NOK NIBOR (Norwegian Interbank Offered Rate), SGD SOR (Singapore Dollar Swap Offer Rate), HKD HIBOR (Hong Kong Interbank Offered Rate), ZAR JIBAR (Johannesburg Interbank Average Rate), SEK STIBOR (Stockholm Interbank Offered Rate), and MXN TIIE (Interbank Equilibrium Interest Rate).
7
US LIBOR presented in the table under cross-currency swaps refers to the tenors (overnight,
1-month,
3-months,
6-months,
and
12-months)
that will cease following June 30, 2023. As at October 31, 2021, the Bank did not have any cross-currency swaps indexed to US LIBOR tenors
(1-week
and
2-months)
that will cease following December 31, 2021.
8
 
“Other rates” refer to rates that are not subject to IBOR reform or have already been reformed.
Hedging Relationships
On November 1, 2020, the Bank changed its accounting policy on a retrospective basis for the presentation of fair value changes on hedging instruments designated in certain fair value hedge accounting relationships, reclassifying the component excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness from
non-interest
income to net interest income. With the reclassification, changes in the fair value of the hedged item and related hedging instrument (excluding hedge ineffectiveness) are presented in the same lines on the Consolidated Statement of Income. For the comparative years ended October 31, 2020 and October 31, 2019, the Bank reclassified losses of $1,114 million and $110 million, respectively, from
Non-interest
income to Net interest income on the Consolidated Statement of Income to conform with the presentation adopted in the current year.
Business Combinations
In October 2018, the IASB issued narrow-scope amendments to IFRS 3,
Business Combinations
. The amendments provide additional guidance on the definition of a business which determines whether an acquisition is of a business or a group of assets. An acquirer recognizes goodwill only when acquiring a business, not when acquiring a group of assets. The Bank adopted these amendments on November 1, 2020 prospectively and they did not have a significant impact on the Bank.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 3
1

Revised Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting
In March 2018, the IASB issued the revised Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (Revised Conceptual Framework), which provides a set of concepts to assist the IASB in developing standards and to help preparers consistently apply accounting policies where specific accounting standards do not exist. The framework is not an accounting standard and does not override the requirements that exist in other IFRS standards. The Revised Conceptual Framework describes that financial information must be relevant and faithfully represented to be useful, provides revised definitions and recognition criteria for assets and liabilities, and confirms that different measurement bases are useful and permitted. The Bank adopted the Revised Conceptual Framework prospectively on November 1, 2020 and it did not have a significant impact on the Bank.
FUTURE CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The following standard has been issued, but is not yet effective on the date of issuance of the Bank’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The Bank is currently assessing the impact of applying the standard on the Consolidated Financial Statements and will adopt the standard when it becomes effective.
Insurance Contracts
The IASB issued IFRS 17,
Insurance Contracts
(IFRS 17) which replaces the guidance in IFRS 4,
Insurance Contracts
, and establishes principles for recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of insurance contracts. Insurance contracts are aggregated into groups which are measured at the risk adjusted present value of cash flows in fulfilling the contracts. Revenue is recognized as insurance contract services are provided over the coverage period. Losses are recognized immediately if the contract group is expected to be onerous.
The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023, which will be November 1, 2023 for the Bank. OSFI’s related Advisory precludes early adoption. The standard will be applied retrospectively with restatement of comparatives unless impracticable.
The adoption of IFRS 17 is a significant initiative for the Bank and is supported by a robust governance structure. The Executive Steering Committee includes representation from the Insurance business, Finance, Actuaries, Risk, Technology, and project management teams. Updates are also provided to the TD insurance subsidiary boards, Risk Committee and Audit Committee of the Bank.
The Bank is proceeding with implementation of the software solution, including data preparation, system testing and configuration. In addition, the Bank is participating in industry consultations, including OSFI’s draft regulatory capital requirements.
 
NOTE 5:  FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Certain assets and liabilities, primarily financial instruments, are carried on the balance sheet at their fair value on a recurring basis. These financial instruments include trading loans and securities,
non-trading
financial assets at FVTPL, financial assets and liabilities designated at FVTPL, financial assets at FVOCI, derivatives, certain securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements, trading deposits, securitization liabilities at fair value, obligations related to securities sold short, and certain obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are carried at amortized cost.
(a)
VALUATION GOVERNANCE
Valuation processes are guided by policies and procedures that are approved by senior management and subject matter experts. Senior Executive oversight over the valuation process is provided through various valuation-related committees. Further, the Bank has a number of additional controls in place, including an independent price verification process to ensure the accuracy of fair value measurements reported in the financial statements. The sources used for independent pricing comply with the standards set out in the approved valuation-related policies, which include consideration of the reliability, relevancy, and timeliness of data.
(b)
METHODS AND ASSUMPTIONS
The Bank calculates fair values for measurement and disclosure purposes based on the following methods of valuation and assumptions:
Government and Government-Related Securities
The fair value of Canadian government debt securities is based on quoted prices in active markets, where available. Where quoted prices are not available, valuation techniques such as discounted cash flow models may be used, which maximize the use of observable inputs such as government bond yield curves.
The fair value of U.S. government and agency debt securities is determined by reference to recent transaction prices, broker quotes, or third-party vendor prices. Brokers or third-party vendors may use a pool-specific valuation model to value these securities. Observable market inputs to the model include
to-be-announced
market prices, the applicable indices, and metrics such as the coupon, maturity, and weighted-average maturity of the pool. Market inputs used in the valuation model include, but are not limited to, indexed yield curves and trading spreads.
The fair value of other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) government guaranteed debt is based on broker quotes and third-party vendor prices, or where these quotes or prices are not readily available, other valuation techniques, such as discounted cash flow models, may be used. Market inputs used in other valuation techniques or broker quotes and third-party vendor prices include government bond yield curves and trade execution data.
The fair value of residential mortgage-backed securities (MBS) is based on broker quotes, third-party vendor prices, or other valuation techniques, such as the use of option-adjusted spread models which include inputs such as prepayment rate assumptions related to the underlying collateral. Observable inputs include, but are not limited to, indexed yield curves and
bid-ask
spreads. Other inputs may include volatility assumptions derived using Monte Carlo simulations and take into account factors such as counterparty credit quality and liquidity.
Other Debt Securities
The fair value of corporate and other debt securities is based on broker quotes, third-party vendor prices, or other valuation techniques, such as discounted cash flow techniques. Market inputs used in the other valuation techniques or underlying third-party vendor prices or broker quotes include benchmark and government bond yield curves, credit spreads, and trade execution data.
Asset-backed securities are primarily fair valued using third-party vendor prices. The third-party vendor employs a valuation model which maximizes the use of observable inputs such as benchmark yield curves and
bid-ask
spreads. The model also takes into account relevant data about the underlying collateral, such as weighted-average terms to maturity and prepayment rate assumptions.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 3
2

Equity Securities
The fair value of equity securities is based on quoted prices in active markets, where available. Where quoted prices in active markets are not readily available, such as for private equity securities, or where there is a wide
bid-ask
spread, fair value is determined based on quoted market prices for similar securities or through valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis, multiples of earnings before taxes, depreciation and amortization, and other relevant valuation techniques.
If there are trading restrictions on the equity security held, a valuation adjustment is recognized against available prices to reflect the nature of the restriction. However, restrictions that are not part of the security held and represent a separate contractual arrangement that has been entered into by the Bank and a third party do not impact the fair value of the original instrument.
Retained Interests
Retained interests are classified as trading securities and are initially recognized at their relative fair mark
e
t value. Subsequently, the fair value of retained interests recognized by the Bank is determined by estimating the present value of future expected cash flows. Differences between the actual cash flows and the Bank’s estimate of future cash flows are recognized in income. These assumptions are subject to periodic review and may change due to significant changes in the economic environment.
Loans
The estimated fair value of loans carried at amortized cost reflects changes in market price that have occurred since the loans were originated or purchased. For fixed-rate performing loans, estimated fair value is determined by discounting the expected future cash flows related to these loans at current market interest rates for loans with similar credit risks. For floating-rate performing loans, changes in interest rates have minimal impact on fair value since loans reprice to market frequently. On that basis, fair value is assumed to approximate carrying value. The fair value of loans is not adjusted for the value of any credit protection the Bank has purchased to mitigate credit risk.
The fair value of loans carried at FVTPL, which includes trading loans and
non-trading
loans at FVTPL, is determined using observable market prices, where available. Where the Bank is a market maker for loans traded in the secondary market, fair value is determined using executed prices, or prices for comparable trades. For those loans where the Bank is not a market maker, the Bank obtains broker quotes from other reputable dealers, or uses valuation techniques to determine fair value
.
The fair value of loans carried at FVOCI is assumed to approximate amortized cost as they are generally floating rate performing loans that are short term in nature.
Commodities
The fair value of commodities is based on quoted prices in active markets, where available. The Bank also transacts commodity derivative contracts which can be traded on an exchange or in OTC markets.
Derivative Financial Instruments
The fair value of exchange-traded derivative financial instruments is based on quoted market prices. The fair value of OTC derivative financial instruments is estimated using well established valuation techniques, such as discounted cash flow techniques, the Black-Scholes model, and Monte Carlo simulation. The valuation models incorporate inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived from observable market data.
Prices derived by using models are recognized net of valuation adjustments. The inputs used in the valuation models depend on the type of derivative and the nature of the underlying instrument and are specific to the instrument being valued. Inputs can include, but are not limited to, interest rate yield curves, foreign exchange rates, dividend yield projections, commodity spot and forward prices, recovery rates, volatilities, spot prices, and correlation.
A credit valuation adjustment (CVA) is recognized against the model value of OTC derivatives to account for the uncertainty that either counterparty in a derivative transaction may not be able to fulfil its obligations under the transaction. In determining CVA, the Bank takes into account master netting agreements and collateral, and considers the creditworthiness of the counterparty and of the Bank itself, using market observed or proxy credit spreads, in assessing potential future amounts owed to, or by the Bank.
The fair value of a derivative is partly a function of collateralization. The Bank uses the relevant overnight index swap curve to discount the cash flows for collateralized derivatives as most collateral is posted in cash and can be funded at the overnight rate.
A funding valuation adjustment (FVA) is recognized against the model value of OTC derivatives to recognize the market implied unsecured funding costs and benefits considered in the pricing and fair value determination. Some of the key drivers of FVA include the market implied funding spread and the expected average exposure by counterparty.
The Bank will continue to monitor industry practice on valuation adjustments and may refine the methodology as market practices evolve.
Deposits
The estimated fair value of term deposits is determined by discounting the contractual cash flows using interest rates currently offered for deposits with similar terms.
For deposits with no defined maturities, the Bank considers fair value to equal carrying value, which is equivalent to the amount payable on the balance sheet date.
For trading deposits and deposits designated at FVTPL, which is included in financial liabilities designated at FVTPL, fair value is determined using discounted cash flow valuation techniques which maximize the use of observable market inputs such as benchmark yield curves and foreign exchange rates. The Bank considers the impact of its own creditworthiness in the valuation of these deposits by reference to observable market inputs.
Securitization Liabilities
The fair value of securitization liabilities is based on quoted market prices or quoted market prices for similar financial instruments, where available. Where quoted prices are not available, fair value is determined using valuation techniques, which maximize the use of observable inputs, such as Canada Mortgage Bond (CMB) curves and MBS curves.
Obligations Related to Securities Sold Short
The fair value of these obligations is based on the fair value of the underlying securities, which can include equity or debt securities. As these obligations are fully collateralized, the method used to determine fair value would be the same as that of the relevant underlying equity or debt securities.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 3
3

Securities Purchased Under Reverse Repurchase Agreements and Obligations Related to Securities Sold under Repurchase Agreements
Commodities and certain bonds and equities purchased or sold with an agreement to sell or repurchase them at a later date at a fixed price are carried at fair value. The fair value of these agreements is based on valuation techniques such as discounted cash flow models which maximize the use of observable market inputs such as interest rate swap curves and commodity forward prices.
Subordinated Notes and Debentures
The fair value of subordinated notes and debentures are based on quoted market prices for similar issues or current rates offered to the Bank for debt of equivalent credit quality and remaining maturity.
Portfolio Exception
IFRS 13,
Fair Value Measurement
provides a measurement exception that allows an entity to determine the fair value of a group of financial assets and liabilities with offsetting risks based on the sale or transfer of its net exposure to a particular risk or risks. The Bank manages certain financial assets and financial liabilities, such as derivative assets and derivative liabilities, on the basis of net exposure to a particular risk, or risks; and uses
mid-market
prices as a basis for establishing fair values for the offsetting risk positions and applies the most representative price within the
bid-ask
spread to the net open position, as appropriate. Refer to Note 2 for further details on the use of the portfolio exception to establish fair value.
(c)
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES NOT CARRIED AT FAIR VALUE
The carrying value and fair value of financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value are disclosed in the table below. For these instruments, fair values are calculated for disclosure purposes only, using the valuation techniques used by the Bank. In addition, the Bank has determined that the carrying value of certain financial assets and liabilities approximates their fair value, which include: cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits with banks, customers’ liability under acceptances, amounts receivable from brokers, dealers, and clients, other assets, acceptances, amounts payable to brokers, dealers, and clients, and other liabilities. Substantially all securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements and obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements are measured at amortized cost where the carrying value approximates their fair value.
Financial Assets and Liabilities not carried at Fair Value
1 
(millions of Canadian dollars)           
As at
 
    
October 31, 2021
     October 31, 2020  
 
  
 
Carrying
value
 
 
  
 
Fair
value
 
 
     Carrying
value
 
 
    
Fair
value
 
 
FINANCIAL ASSETS
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Debt securities at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses
                                   
Government and government-related securities
  
$
208,559
 
  
$
207,927
 
   $ 174,592      $ 175,500  
Other debt securities
  
 
60,380
 
  
 
60,525
 
     53,087        53,373  
Total debt securities at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses
  
 
268,939
 
  
 
268,452
 
     227,679        228,873  
Total loans, net of allowance for loan losses
  
 
722,622
 
  
 
725,177
 
     717,523        727,197  
Total financial assets not carried at fair value
  
$
991,561
 
  
$
993,629
 
   $ 945,202      $ 956,070  
                                     
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Deposits
  
$
1,125,125
 
  
$
1,124,762
 
   $ 1,135,333      $ 1,137,624  
Securitization liabilities at amortized cost
  
 
15,262
 
  
 
15,202
 
     15,768        16,143  
Subordinated notes and debentures
  
 
11,230
 
  
 
11,838
 
     11,477        12,374  
Total financial liabilities not carried at fair value
  
$
1,151,617
 
  
$
1,151,802
 
   $ 1,162,578      $ 1,166,141  
 
1
This table excludes financial assets and liabilities where the carrying value approximates their fair value.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 3
4

(d)
FAIR VALUE HIERARCHY
IFRS requires disclosure of a three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements based upon the observability of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:
Level
 1
: Fair value is based on quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities that are traded in an active exchange market or highly liquid and actively traded in OTC markets.
Level
 2
: Fair value is based on observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted market prices for similar (but not identical) assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include debt securities with quoted prices that are traded less frequently than exchange-traded instruments and derivative contracts whose value is determined using valuation techniques with inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.
Level
 3
: Fair value is based on
non-observable
inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Financial instruments classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are initially recognized at their transaction price, which is considered the best estimate of fair value. After initial measurement, the fair value of Level 3 assets and liabilities is determined using valuation models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques.
Fair Value Hierarchy for Assets and Liabilities not carried at Fair Value
The following table presents the levels within the fair value hierarchy for each of the financial assets and liabilities not carried at fair value as at October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020, but for which fair value is disclosed.
 
Fair Value Hierarchy for Assets and Liabilities not carried at Fair Value
1
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
As at
 
  
 
October 31, 2021
 
  
 
October 31, 2020
 
  
 
Level 1
 
  
 
Level 2
 
  
 
Level 3
 
  
 
Total
 
  
 
Level 1
  
 
Level 2
  
 
Level 3
  
 
Total
ASSETS
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Debt securities at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Government and government-related securities
  
$
20
 
  
$
207,897
 
  
$
10
 
  
$
207,927
 
   $ 919      $ 174,571      $ 10      $ 175,500
 
Other debt securities
  
 
–
 
  
 
60,524
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
60,525
 
     –        53,371        2        53,373
 
Total debt securities at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses
  
 
20
 
  
 
268,421
 
  
 
11
 
  
 
268,452
 
     919        227,942        12        228,873
 
Total loans, net of allowance for loan losses
  
 
–
 
  
 
251,034
 
  
 
474,143
 
  
 
725,177
 
     –        236,287        490,910        727,197
 
Total assets with fair value disclosures
  
$
20
 
  
$
519,455
 
  
$
474,154
 
  
$
993,629
 
   $ 919      $ 464,229      $ 490,922      $ 956,070
 
                                                                       
 
LIABILITIES
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Deposits
  
$
–
 
  
$
1,124,762
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
1,124,762
 
   $ –      $ 1,137,624      $ –      $ 1,137,624
 
Securitization liabilities at amortized cost
  
 
–
 
  
 
15,202
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
15,202
 
     –        16,143        –        16,143
 
Subordinated notes and debentures
  
 
–
 
  
 
11,838
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
11,838
 
     –        12,374        –        12,374
 
Total liabilities with fair value disclosures
  
$
–
 
  
$
1,151,802
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
1,151,802
 
   $ –      $ 1,166,141      $ –      $ 1,166,141
 
 
1
 
This table excludes financial assets and liabilities where the carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 3
5

The following tabl
e
 presents the levels within the fair value hierarchy for each of the assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as at October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
 
Fair Value Hierarchy for Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
 
                                                     
(millions of Canadian dollars)
                                                                 
 
As at
 
    
 
October 31, 2021
       October 31, 2020  
    
 
Level 1
    
 
Level 2
    
 
Level 3
    
 
Total
       Level 1        Level 2        Level 3        Total  
FINANCIAL ASSETS AND COMMODITIES
                                                                       
                 
Trading loans, securities, and other
1
                                                                       
Government and government-related securities
                                                                       
Canadian government debt
                                                                       
Federal
  
$
294
 
  
$
10,902
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
11,196
 
   $ 351      $ 21,141      $ –      $ 21,492  
Provinces
  
 
–
 
  
 
8,326
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
8,326
 
     –        8,468        –        8,468  
U.S. federal, state, municipal governments, and agencies debt
  
 
–
 
  
 
13,241
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
13,241
 
     –        22,809        16        22,825  
Other OECD government-guaranteed debt
  
 
–
 
  
 
7,785
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
7,785
 
     –        4,563        –        4,563  
Mortgage-backed securities
  
 
–
 
  
 
1,500
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
1,500
 
     –        1,690        –        1,690  
Other debt securities
                                                                       
Canadian issuers
  
 
–
 
  
 
5,970
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
5,970
 
     –        5,613        2        5,615  
Other issuers
  
 
–
 
  
 
12,389
 
  
 
6
 
  
 
12,395
 
     –        13,352        1        13,353  
Equity securities
  
 
59,933
 
  
 
158
 
  
 
33
 
  
 
60,124
 
     43,840        39        –        43,879  
Trading loans
  
 
–
 
  
 
12,405
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
12,405
 
     –        12,959        –        12,959  
Commodities
  
 
13,919
 
  
 
720
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
14,639
 
     12,976        484        –        13,460  
Retained interests
  
 
–
 
  
 
9
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
9
 
     –        14        –        14  
    
 
74,146
 
  
 
73,405
 
  
 
39
 
  
 
147,590
 
     57,167        91,132        19        148,318  
Non-trading
financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
                                                                       
Securities
  
 
166
 
  
 
6,127
 
  
 
760
 
  
 
7,053
 
     232        4,027        571        4,830  
Loans
  
 
–
 
  
 
2,334
 
  
 
3
 
  
 
2,337
 
     –        3,715        3        3,718  
    
 
166
 
  
 
8,461
 
  
 
763
 
  
 
9,390
 
     232        7,742        574        8,548  
Derivatives
                                                                       
Interest rate contracts
  
 
12
 
  
 
10,277
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
10,290
 
     22        17,937        –        17,959  
Foreign exchange contracts
  
 
26
 
  
 
35,786
 
  
 
7
 
  
 
35,819
 
     13        29,605        2        29,620  
Credit contracts
  
 
–
 
  
 
57
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
57
 
     –        19        –        19  
Equity contracts
  
 
3
 
  
 
5,359
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
5,362
 
     5        3,855        370        4,230  
Commodity contracts
  
 
365
 
  
 
2,495
 
  
 
39
 
  
 
2,899
 
     383        2,022        9        2,414  
    
 
406
 
  
 
53,974
 
  
 
47
 
  
 
54,427
 
     423        53,438        381        54,242  
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss
                                                                       
Securities
1
  
 
–
 
  
 
4,564
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
4,564
 
     –        4,739        –        4,739  
    
 
–
 
  
 
4,564
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
4,564
 
     –        4,739        –        4,739  
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
                                                                       
Government and government-related securities
                                                                       
Canadian government debt
                                                                       
Federal
  
 
–
 
  
 
12,519
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
12,519
 
     –        14,126        –        14,126  
Provinces
  
 
–
 
  
 
18,143
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
18,143
 
     –        16,502        –        16,502  
U.S. federal, state, municipal governments, and agencies debt
  
 
–
 
  
 
19,300
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
19,300
 
     –        33,034        –        33,034  
Other OECD government-guaranteed debt
  
 
–
 
  
 
6,564
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
6,564
 
     –        10,756        –        10,756  
Mortgage-backed securities
  
 
–
 
  
 
1,254
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
1,254
 
     –        3,865        –        3,865  
Other debt securities
                                                                       
Asset-backed securities
  
 
–
 
  
 
6,981
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
6,981
 
     –        10,006        –        10,006  
Corporate and other debt
  
 
–
 
  
 
8,040
 
  
 
64
 
  
 
8,104
 
     –        9,875        20        9,895  
Equity securities
  
 
2,989
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
1,609
 
  
 
4,599
 
     1,005        15        1,579        2,599  
Loans
  
 
–
 
  
 
1,602
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
1,602
 
     –        2,502        –        2,502  
    
 
2,989
 
  
 
74,404
 
  
 
1,673
 
  
 
79,066
 
     1,005        100,681        1,599        103,285  
Securities purchased under reverse repurchase agreements
  
 
–
 
  
 
7,992
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
7,992
 
     –        7,395        –        7,395  
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
                                                                       
Trading deposits
  
 
–
 
  
 
22,750
 
  
 
141
 
  
 
22,891
 
     –        14,528        4,649        19,177  
Derivatives
                                                                       
Interest rate contracts
  
 
14
 
  
 
11,580
 
  
 
89
 
  
 
11,683
 
     14        19,022        96        19,132  
Foreign exchange contracts
  
 
28
 
  
 
35,146
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
35,174
 
     14        27,300        –        27,314  
Credit contracts
  
 
–
 
  
 
347
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
347
 
     –        327        –        327  
Equity contracts
  
 
–
 
  
 
7,932
 
  
 
82
 
  
 
8,014
 
     –        3,360        1,077        4,437  
Commodity contracts
  
 
300
 
  
 
1,596
 
  
 
8
 
  
 
1,904
 
     355        1,611        27        1,993  
    
 
342
 
  
 
56,601
 
  
 
179
 
  
 
57,122
 
     383        51,620        1,200        53,203  
Securitization liabilities at fair value
  
 
–
 
  
 
13,505
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
13,505
 
     –        13,718        –        13,718  
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss
  
 
–
 
  
 
113,912
 
  
 
76
 
  
 
113,988
 
     –        59,641        24        59,665  
Obligations related to securities sold short
1
  
 
2,015
 
  
 
40,360
 
  
 
9
 
  
 
42,384
 
     1,039        33,960        –        34,999  
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements
  
 
–
 
  
 
5,126
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
5,126
 
     –        3,675        –        3,675  
 
1
 
Balances reflect the reduction of securities owned (long positions) by the amount of identical securities sold but not yet purchased (short positions).
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 3
6

(e)
TRANSFERS BETWEEN FAIR VALUE HIERARCHY LEVELS FOR ASSETS AND LIABILITIES MEASURED AT FAIR VALUE ON A RECURRING BASIS
The Bank’s policy is to record transfers of assets and liabilities between the different levels of the fair value hierarchy using the fair values as at the end of each reporting period. Assets are transferred between Level 1 and Level 2 depending on if there is sufficient frequency and volume in an active market. During the year ended October 31, 2021, the Bank transferred $400 million of FVOCI Canadian government debt from Level 2 to Level 1, which subsequently matured (October 31, 2020 – no significant transfers).
Movements of Level 3 instruments
Significant transfers into and out of Level 3 occur mainly due to the following reasons:
•
 
Transfers from Level 3 to Level 2 occur when techniques used for valuing the instrument incorporate significant observable market inputs or broker-dealer quotes which were previously not observable.
•
 
Transfers from Level 2 to Level 3 occur when an instrument’s fair value, which was previously determined using valuation techniques with significant observable market inputs, is now determined using valuation techniques with significant unobservable inputs.
Due to the unobservable nature of the inputs used to value Level 3 financial instruments there may be uncertainty about the valuation of these instruments. The fair value of Level 3 instruments may be drawn from a range of reasonably possible alternatives. In determining the appropriate levels for these unobservable inputs, parameters are chosen so that they are consistent with prevailing market evidence and management judgment.
During the year ended October 31, 2021, transfers were made out of Level 3 and into Level 2 for trading deposits and equity contracts due to changes in the degree of observability of certain inputs in the fair value measurement of these instruments (October 31, 2020 – no significant transfers).
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 3
7

(f)
RECONCILIATION OF CHANGES IN FAIR VALUE FOR LEVEL 3 ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
The following tables reconcile changes in fair value of all assets and liabilities measured at fair value using significant Level 3 unobservable inputs for the years ended October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
 
Reconciliation of Changes in Fair Value for Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
Fair
value as at
November 1
2020
 
 
 
Total realized and
unrealized gains (losses)
 
 
 
Movements
 
 
 
Transfers
 
 
Fair
value as at
October 31
2021
 
 
Change in
unrealized
gains
(losses) on
instruments
still held
5
 
  
 
Included
in income
1
 
 
Included
in OCI
2,3
 
 
Purchases/
Issuances
 
 
Sales/
Settlements
4
 
 
Into
Level 3
 
 
Out of
Level 3
 
FINANCIAL ASSETS
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading loans, securities,
and other
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Government and government-
related securities
  
$
16
 
 
$
2
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
(18
) 
 
$
1
 
 
$
(1
) 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
Other debt securities
  
 
3
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
23
 
 
 
(3
) 
 
 
7
 
 
 
(24
) 
 
 
6
 
 
 
–
 
                   
Equity securities
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
33
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
33
 
 
 
–
 
                   
    
 
19
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
56
 
 
 
(21
) 
 
 
8
 
 
 
(25
) 
 
 
39
 
 
 
–
 
Non-trading
financial assets at
fair value through profit or loss
                                                                        
Securities
  
 
571
 
 
 
130
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
140
 
 
 
(81
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
760
 
 
 
76
 
                   
Loans
  
 
3
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
–
 
                   
    
 
574
 
 
 
130
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
140
 
 
 
(81
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
763
 
 
 
76
 
Financial assets at fair value
through other comprehensive
income
                                                                        
Other debt securities
  
 
20
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
40
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
64
 
 
 
4
 
                   
Equity securities
  
 
1,579
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
32
 
 
 
161
 
 
 
(163
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,609
 
 
 
20
 
    
$
1,599
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
36
 
 
$
161
 
 
$
(163
) 
 
$
40
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
1,673
 
 
$
24
 
                   
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
                                                                        
                   
Trading deposits
6
  
$
(4,649
) 
 
$
(999
) 
 
$
–
 
 
$
(790
) 
 
$
2,636
 
 
$
(7
) 
 
$
3,668
 
 
$
(141
) 
 
$
(5
) 
Derivatives
7
                                                                        
Interest rate contracts
  
 
(96
) 
 
 
(9
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
17
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(88
) 
 
 
7
 
Foreign exchange contracts
  
 
2
 
 
 
5
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
7
 
 
 
6
 
Equity contracts
  
 
(707
) 
 
 
(729
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(36
) 
 
 
235
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
1,152
 
 
 
(82
) 
 
 
52
 
                   
Commodity contracts
  
 
(18
) 
 
 
55
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(6
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
31
 
 
 
32
 
                   
    
 
(819
) 
 
 
(678
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(36
) 
 
 
246
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
1,151
 
 
 
(132
) 
 
 
97
 
                   
Financial liabilities
designated at fair value
through profit or loss
  
 
(24
) 
 
 
(51
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(263
) 
 
 
262
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(76
) 
 
 
(44
) 
Obligations related to securities
sold short
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(8
) 
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
1
 
 
 
(9
) 
 
 
–
 
                                                                          
     
Fair
value as at
November 1
2019
   
 
Total realized and
unrealized gains (losses)
           Movements            Transfers    
Fair
value as at
October 31
2020
   
Change in
unrealized
gains
(losses) on
instruments
still held
5
 
     Included
in income
1
    Included
in OCI
2,3
    Purchases/
Issuances
    Sales/
Settlements
4
    Into
Level 3
    Out of
Level 3
 
                   
FINANCIAL ASSETS
                                                                        
Trading loans, securities,
and other
                                                                        
Government and government-
related securities
   $ 8     $ (1 )    $ –     $ –     $ (8 )    $ 17     $ –     $ 16     $ –  
                   
Other debt securities
     4       –       –       29       (41 )      18       (7 )      3       –  
                   
       12       (1 )      –       29       (49 )      35       (7 )      19       –  
Non-trading
financial assets at
fair value through profit or loss
                                                                        
Securities
     493       12       –       118       (52 )      –       –       571       (2 ) 
                   
Loans
     5       –       –       –       (2 )      –       –       3       –  
                   
       498       12       –       118       (54 )      –       –       574       (2 ) 
Financial assets at fair value
through other comprehensive
income
                                                                        
Other debt securities
     24       –       (4 )      –       –       –       –       20       (4 ) 
                   
Equity securities
     1,551       –       (23 )      50       1       –       –       1,579       (24 ) 
                   
     $ 1,575     $ –     $ (27 )    $ 50     $ 1     $ –     $ –     $ 1,599     $ (28 ) 
                   
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
                                                                        
                   
Trading deposits
6
   $ (4,092 )    $ 214     $ –     $ (3,334 )    $ 2,558     $ (3 )    $ 8     $ (4,649 )    $ 328  
Derivatives
7
                                                                        
Interest rate contracts
     (83 )      (43 )      –       –       30       –       –       (96 )      (17 ) 
Foreign exchange contracts
     (1 )      2       –       –       –       1       –       2       1  
Equity contracts
     (925 )      172       –       (101 )      146       (1 )      2       (707 )      172  
                   
Commodity contracts
     (17 )      (42 )      –       –       41       –       –       (18 )      (16 ) 
                   
       (1,026 )      89       –       (101 )      217       –       2       (819 )      140  
                   
Financial liabilities
designated at fair value
through profit or loss
     (21 )      112       –       (202 )      87       –       –       (24 )      112  
Obligations related to securities
sold short
     –       –       –       –       –       (6 )      6       –       –  
 
1
 
Gains/losses on financial assets and liabilities are recognized within
Non-interest
income on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
2
 
Other comprehensive income.
3
 
Includes realized gains/losses transferred to retained earnings on disposal of equities designated at FVOCI. Refer to Note 7 for further details.
4
 
Includes foreign exchange.
5
 
Changes in unrealized gains/losses on financial assets at FVOCI are recognized in AOCI.
6
 
Issuances and repurchases of trading deposits are reported on a gross basis.
7
As at October 31, 2021, consists of derivative assets of $47 million (October 31, 2020/November 1, 2020 – $381 million; November 1, 2019 – $604 million) and derivative liabilities of $179 million (October 31, 2020/November 1, 2020 – $1,200 million; November 1, 2019 – $1,630 million), which have been netted in this table for presentation purposes only.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
 
Page 3
8

(g)
VALUATION OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES CLASSIFIED AS LEVEL 3
Significant unobservable inputs in Level 3 positions
The following section discusses the significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 positions and assesses the potential effect that a change in each unobservable input may have on the fair value measurement.
Price Equivalent
Certain financial instruments, mainly debt and equity securities, are valued using price equivalents when market prices are not available, with fair value measured by comparison with observable pricing data from instruments with similar characteristics. For debt securities, the price equivalent is expressed in ‘points’, and represents a percentage of the par amount, and prices at the lower end of the range are generally a result of securities that are written down. For equity securities, the price equivalent is based on a percentage of a proxy price. There may be wide ranges depending on the liquidity of the securities. New issuances of debt and equity securities are priced at 100% of the issue price.
Correlation
The movements of inputs are not necessarily independent from other inputs. Such relationships, where material to the fair value of a given instrument, are captured via correlation inputs into the pricing models. The Bank includes correlation between the asset class, as well as across asset classes. For example, price correlation is the relationship between prices of equity securities in equity basket derivatives, and quanto correlation is the relationship between instruments which settle in one currency and the underlying securities which are denominated in another currency.
Implied Volatility
Implied volatility is the value of the volatility of the underlying instrument which, when input in an option pricing model, such as Black-Scholes, will return a theoretical value equal to the current market price of the option. Implied volatility is a forward-looking and subjective measure, and differs from historical volatility because the latter is calculated from known past returns of a security.
Funding ratio
The funding ratio is a significant unobservable input required to value loan commitments issued by the Bank. The funding ratio represents an estimate of the percentage of commitments that are ultimately funded by the Bank. The funding ratio is based on a number of factors such as observed historical funding percentages within the various lending channels and the future economic outlook, considering factors including, but not limited to, competitive pricing and fixed/variable mortgage rate gap. An increase/decrease in funding ratio will increase/decrease the value of the lending commitment in relationship to prevailing interest rates.
Earnings Multiple, Discount Rate, and Liquidity Discount
Earnings multiple, discount rate, and liquidity discount are significant inputs used when valuing certain equity securities and certain retained interests. Earnings multiples are selected based on comparable entities and a higher multiple will result in a higher fair value. Discount rates are applied to cash flow forecasts to reflect time value of money and the risks associated with the cash flows. A higher discount rate will result in a lower fair value. Liquidity discounts may be applied as a result of the difference in liquidity between the comparable entity and the equity securities being valued.
Currency-Specific Swap Curve
The fair value of foreign exchange contracts is determined using inputs such as foreign exchange spot rates and swap curves. Generally, swap curves are observable, but there may be certain durations or currency-specific foreign exchange spot and currency-specific swap curves that are not observable.
Dividend Yield
Dividend yield is a key input for valuing equity contracts and is generally expressed as a percentage of the current price of the stock. Dividend yields can be derived from the repo or forward price of the actual stock being fair valued. Spot dividend yields can also be obtained from pricing sources, if it can be demonstrated that spot yields are a good indication of future dividends.
Inflation Rate Swap Curve
The fair value of inflation rate swap contracts is a swap between the interest rate curve and the inflation index. The inflation rate swap spread is not observable and is determined using proxy inputs such as inflation index rates and Consumer Price Index (CPI) bond yields. Generally, swap curves are observable; however, there may be instances where certain specific swap curves are not observable.
Net Asset Value
The fair value of certain private funds is based on the net asset value determined by the fund managers based on valuation methodologies, as there are no observable prices for these instruments.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 
39

Valuation techniques and inputs used in the fair value measurement of Level 3 assets and liabilities
The following table presents the Bank’s assets and liabilities recognized at fair value and classified as Level 3, together with the valuation techniques used to measure fair value, the significant inputs used in the valuation technique that are considered unobservable, and a range of values for those unobservable inputs. The range of values represents the highest and lowest inputs used in calculating the fair value.
 
Valuation Techniques and Inputs Used in the Fair Value Measurement of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
                                               
As at
 
                   
October 31, 2021
    October 31, 2020         
     
Valuation
technique
    
Significant unobservable
inputs (Level 3)
   
Lower
range
   
Upper
range
    Lower
range
    Upper
range
   
Unit
 
Government and government-related securities
  
 
Market comparable
 
  
 
Bond price equivalent
 
 
 
n/a
 
 
 
n/a
 
    19       116    
 
points
 
                                                           
Other debt securities
  
 
Market comparable
 
  
 
Bond price equivalent
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
102
 
    –       111    
 
points
 
                                                           
Equity securities
1
  
 
Market comparable
 
  
 
New issue price
 
 
 
100
 
 
 
100
 
    100       100    
 
%
 
    
 
Discounted cash flow
 
  
 
Discount rate
 
 
 
9
 
 
 
9
 
    9       9    
 
%
 
    
 
Market comparable
 
  
 
Price equivalent
 
 
 
35
 
 
 
36
 
    23       23    
 
%
 
                                                           
Non-trading financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
  
 
Market comparable
 
  
 
New issue price
 
 
 
100
 
 
 
100
 
    100       100    
 
%
 
    
 
Discounted cash flow
 
  
 
Discount rates
 
 
 
11
 
 
 
13
 
    20       20    
 
%
 
    
 
EBITDA multiple
 
  
 
Earnings multiple
 
 
 
2.8
 
 
 
20.0
 
    1.5       16.0    
 
times
 
    
 
Price-based
 
  
 
Net Asset Value
2
 
 
 
n/a
 
 
 
n/a
 
    n/a       n/a          
                                                           
Derivatives
                                                         
Interest rate contrac
ts
  
 
Discounted cash flow
 
  
 
Inflation rate swap curve
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
3
 
    1       2    
 
%
 
    
 
Option model
 
  
 
Funding ratio
 
 
 
60
 
 
 
75
 
    60       75    
 
%
 
                                                           
Foreign exchange contracts
  
 
Option model
 
  
 
Currency-specific volatility
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
33
 
    4       18    
 
%
 
                                                           
Equity contracts
  
 
Option model
 
  
 
Price correlation
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
93
 
    (16 )      95    
 
%
 
             
 
Quanto correlation
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
15
 
    10       68    
 
%
 
             
 
Dividend yield
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
7
 
    –       10    
 
%
 
             
 
Equity volatility
 
 
 
27
 
 
 
240
 
    8       117    
 
%
 
    
 
Market comparable
 
  
 
New issue price
 
 
 
n/a
 
 
 
n/a
 
    100       100    
 
%
 
                                                           
Commodity contracts
  
 
Option model
 
  
 
Quanto correlation
 
 
 
(67
) 
 
 
(47
) 
    (66 )      (46 )   
 
%
 
             
 
Swaption correlation
 
 
 
n/a
 
 
 
n/a
 
    73       85    
 
%
 
                                                           
Trading deposits
  
 
Option model
 
  
 
Price correlation
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
93
 
    (16 )      98    
 
%
 
             
 
Quanto correlation
 
 
 
n/a
 
 
 
n/a
 
    (35 )      68    
 
%
 
             
 
Dividend yield
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2
 
    –       11    
 
%
 
             
 
Equity volatility
 
 
 
22
 
 
 
114
 
    7       284    
 
%
 
    
 
Swaption model
 
  
 
Currency-specific volatility
 
 
 
35
 
 
 
484
 
    21       462    
 
%
 
                                                           
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss
  
 
Option model
 
  
 
Funding ratio
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
89
 
    1       70    
 
%
 
                                                           
Obligations related to securities sold short
  
 
Market comparable
 
  
 
Bond Price Equivalent
 
 
 
100
 
 
 
100
 
    n/a       n/a    
 
points
 
 
  
 
New issue price
 
  
 
New issue price
 
 
 
100
 
 
 
100
 
    n/a       n/a    
 
%
 
1
 
As at October 31, 2021, common shares exclude the fair value of Federal Reserve stock and Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock of $1.5 billion (October 31, 2020 – $1.5 billion) which are redeemable by the issuer at cost which approximates fair value. These securities cannot be traded in the market, hence, these securities have not been subjected to the sensitivity analysis.
2
 
Net asset value information for private funds has not been disclosed due to the wide range in prices for these instruments.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 4
0

The following table summarizes the potential effect of using reasonably possible alternative assumptions for financial assets and financial liabilities held, that are classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy as at October 31. For interest rate derivatives, the Bank performed a sensitivity analysis on the unobservable implied volatility. For equity derivatives, the sensitivity was calculated by using reasonably possible alternative assumptions by shocking dividends, correlation, or the price and volatility of the underlying equity instrument. For non-trading securities at FVTPL and equity securities at FVOCI, the sensitivity was calculated based on an upward and downward shock of the fair value reported. For trading deposits, the sensitivity was calculated by varying unobservable inputs which may include volatility, credit spreads, and correlation.
 
Sensitivity Analysis of Level 3 Financial Assets and Liabilities
                               
(millions of Canadian dollars)                   
As at
 
    
October 31, 2021
     October 31, 2020  
    
Impact to net assets
     Impact to net assets  
    
Decrease in
fair value
    
Increase in
fair value
     Decrease in
fair value
     Increase in
fair value
 
FINANCIAL ASSETS
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Non-trading financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
                                   
Securities
  
$
92
 
  
$
38
 
   $ 57      $ 27  
                                     
Derivatives
                                   
Equity contracts
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
     18        27  
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
                                   
Equity securities
  
 
16
 
  
 
7
 
     13        7  
                                     
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Trading deposits
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
     33        72  
Derivatives
                                   
Interest rate contracts
  
 
12
 
  
 
10
 
     12        10  
Equity contracts
  
 
2
 
  
 
1
 
     71        52  
 
  
 
14
 
  
 
11
 
     83        62  
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss
  
 
9
 
  
 
13
 
     1        3  
Total
  
$
    131
 
  
$
    69
 
   $     205      $     198  
The following table summarizes the aggregate difference yet to be recognized in net income due to the difference between the transaction price and the amount determined using valuation techniques with significant non-observable inputs at initial recognition.
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
For the years ended October 31
 
     
2021
    2020  
Balance as at beginning of year
  
$
36
 
  $ 15  
New transactions
  
 
47
 
    87  
Recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income during the year
  
 
(51
) 
    (66 ) 
Balance as at end of year
  
$
32
 
  $ 36  
(
h
)
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS DESIGNATED AT FAIR VALUE
Securities Designated at Fair Value through Profit or Loss
Certain securities supporting insurance reserves within the Bank’s insurance underwriting subsidiaries have been designated at FVTPL to eliminate or significantly reduce an accounting mismatch. The actuarial valuation of the insurance reserve is measured using a discount factor which is based on the yield of the supporting invested assets, which includes the securities designated at FVTPL, with changes in the discount factor being recognized on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The unrealized gains or losses on securities designated at FVTPL are recognized on the Consolidated Statement of Income in the same period as gains or losses resulting from changes to the discount rate used to value the insurance liabilities.
In addition, certain debt securities have been designated at FVTPL as they are economically hedged with derivatives and the designation eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch.
Financial Liabilities Designated at Fair Value through Profit or Loss
Certain deposits have been designated at FVTPL to reduce an accounting mismatch from related economic hedges, and are included in Financial liabilities designated at FVTPL on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. In addition, certain obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements have been designated at FVTPL as the instruments are part of a portfolio that is managed on a fair value basis and have been included in Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The fair value of obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements designated at FVTPL was $1,491 million as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – nil).
For financial liabilities designated at FVTPL, the estimated amount that the Bank would be contractually required to pay at maturity, which is based on notional amounts, was $9 million less than its fair value as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $155 million).
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 4
1

NOTE 6: OFFSETTING FINANCIAL ASSETS AND FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
The Bank enters into netting agreements with counterparties (such as clearing houses) to manage the credit risks associated primarily with repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions, securities borrowing and lending transactions, and OTC and exchange-traded derivatives. These netting agreements and similar arrangements generally allow the counterparties to set-off liabilities against available assets received. The right to set-off is a legal right to settle or otherwise eliminate all or a portion of an amount due by applying against that amount an amount receivable from the other party. These agreements effectively reduce the Bank’s credit exposure by what it would have been if those same counterparties were liable for the gross exposure on the same underlying contracts.
Netting arrangements are typically constituted by a master netting agreement which specifies the general terms of the agreement between the counterparties, including information on the basis of the netting calculation, types of collateral, and the definition of default and other termination events for transactions executed under the agreement. The master netting agreements contain the terms and conditions by which all (or as many as possible) relevant transactions between the counterparties are governed. Multiple individual transactions are subsumed under this general master netting agreement, forming a single legal contract under which the counterparties conduct their relevant mutual business. In addition to the mitigation of credit risk, placing individual transactions under a single master netting agreement that provides for netting of transactions in scope also helps to mitigate settlement risks associated with transacting in multiple jurisdictions or across multiple contracts. These arrangements include clearing agreements, global master repurchase agreements, and global master securities lending agreements.
In the normal course of business, the Bank enters into contracts to buy and sell goods and services from various suppliers. Some of these contracts may have netting provisions that allow for the offset of various trade payables and receivables in the event of default of one of the parties. While these are not disclosed in the following table, the gross amount of all payables and receivables to and from the Bank’s vendors is disclosed in Note 16 in accounts receivable and other items, and in Note 18 in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other items.
The Bank also enters into regular way purchases and sales of stocks and bonds. Some of these transactions may have netting provisions that allow for the offset of broker payables and broker receivables related to these purchases and sales. While these are not disclosed in the following table, the amount of receivables are disclosed in amounts receivable from brokers, dealers, and clients and payables are disclosed in amounts payable to brokers, dealers, and clients.
The following table provides a summary of the financial assets and liabilities which are subject to enforceable master netting agreements and similar arrangements, including amounts not otherwise set off on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, as well as financial collateral received to mitigate credit exposures for these financial assets and liabilities. The gross financial assets and liabilities are reconciled to the net amounts presented within the associated line on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, after giving effect to transactions with the same counterparties that have been offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Related amounts and collateral received that are not offset on the Consolidated Balance Sheet, but are otherwise subject to the same enforceable netting agreements and similar arrangements, are then presented to arrive at a net amount.
 
Offsetting Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities
 
  
  
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
As at
 
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
  
 
  
October 31, 2021
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
 
 
  
Amounts subject to an enforceable
master netting arrangement or similar
agreement that are not offset in the
Consolidated Balance Sheet
1,2
 
  
 
 
  
  
Gross amounts
of recognized
financial
instruments
before balance
sheet netting
 
  
Gross amounts
of recognized
financial
instruments
offset in the
Consolidated
Balance Sheet
 
  
Net amount
of financial
instruments
presented in the
Consolidated
Balance Sheet
 
  
Amounts
subject to an
enforceable
master netting
agreement
 
  
Collateral
 
  
Net Amount
 
Financial Assets
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Derivatives
  
$
60,692
 
  
$
6,265
 
  
$
54,427
 
  
$
34,239
 
  
$
9,774
 
  
$
10,414
 
             
Securities purchased under
reverse repurchase agreements
  
 
191,818
 
  
 
24,534
 
  
 
167,284
 
  
 
10,130
 
  
 
156,505
 
  
 
649
 
             
Total
  
 
252,510
 
  
 
30,799
 
  
 
221,711
 
  
 
44,369
 
  
 
166,279
 
  
 
11,063
 
             
Financial Liabilities
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Derivatives
  
 
63,387
 
  
 
6,265
 
  
 
57,122
 
  
 
34,239
 
  
 
21,660
 
  
 
1,223
 
             
Obligations related to securities sold
under repurchase agreements
  
 
168,631
 
  
 
24,534
 
  
 
144,097
 
  
 
10,130
 
  
 
133,626
 
  
 
341
 
Total
  
$
232,018
 
  
$
30,799
 
  
$
201,219
 
  
$
44,369
 
  
$
155,286
 
  
$
1,564
 
                                           
                                      October 31, 2020  
                                                  
             
Financial Assets
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Derivatives
   $ 55,732      $ 1,490      $ 54,242      $ 34,970      $ 8,914      $ 10,358  
             
Securities purchased under
reverse repurchase agreements
     198,273        29,111        169,162        38,335        129,682        1,145  
             
Total
     254,005        30,601        223,404        73,305        138,596        11,503  
             
Financial Liabilities
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Derivatives
     54,693        1,490        53,203        34,970        16,998        1,235  
             
Obligations related to securities sold
under repurchase agreements
     217,987        29,111        188,876        38,335        149,882        659  
Total
   $ 272,680      $ 30,601      $ 242,079      $ 73,305      $ 166,880      $ 1,894  
 
1
 
Excess collateral as a result of overcollateralization has not been reflected in the table.
2
 
Includes amounts where the contractual set-off rights are subject to uncertainty under the laws of the relevant jurisdiction.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 
42

NOTE 7:  SECURITIES
Securities are held by the Bank for both trading and non-trading activities. Trading securities are included in Trading loans, securities, and other on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Non-trading securities are included in Non-trading financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss, Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income, or Debt securities at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(a)
REMAINING TERMS TO MATURITIES OF SECURITIES
The remaining terms to contractual maturities of the securities held by the Bank are shown on the following table.
 
Securities Maturity Schedule
                                                                       
(millions of Canadian dollars)
                                                                 
 
As at
 
                                                          
 
October 31
2021
 
 
     October 31
2020
 
 
    
 
Remaining terms to maturities
1
 
                 
    
 
Within
1 year
 
 
  
 

 
Over 1
year to
3 years
 
 
 
  
 

 
Over 3
years to
5 years
 
 
 
  
 

 
Over 5
years to
10 years
 
 
 
  
 
Over 10
years
 
 
  
 

 
With no
specific
maturity
 
 
 
  
 
Total
 
     Total  
                 
Trading securities
                                                                       
Government and government-related securities
                                                                       
Canadian government debt
                                                                       
Federal
  
$
3,219
 
  
$
5,402
 
  
$
514
 
  
$
1,725
 
  
$
336
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
11,196
 
   $ 21,492  
Provinces
  
 
1,542
 
  
 
1,710
 
  
 
959
 
  
 
1,396
 
  
 
2,719
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
8,326
 
     8,468  
U.S. federal, state, municipal governments, and agencies debt
  
 
1,206
 
  
 
3,742
 
  
 
1,072
 
  
 
1,319
 
  
 
5,902
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
13,241
 
     22,825  
Other OECD government-guaranteed debt
  
 
4,200
 
  
 
858
 
  
 
890
 
  
 
1,227
 
  
 
610
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
7,785
 
     4,563  
Mortgage-backed securities
                                                                       
Residential
  
 
236
 
  
 
554
 
  
 
556
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
1,346
 
     1,527  
                 
Commercial
  
 
–
 
  
 
57
 
  
 
36
 
  
 
61
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
154
 
     163  
                 
    
 
10,403
 
  
 
12,323
 
  
 
4,027
 
  
 
5,728
 
  
 
9,567
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
42,048
 
     59,038  
Other debt securities
                                                                       
Canadian issuers
  
 
698
 
  
 
1,597
 
  
 
1,312
 
  
 
1,510
 
  
 
853
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
5,970
 
     5,615  
                 
Other issuers
  
 
3,724
 
  
 
4,039
 
  
 
2,554
 
  
 
1,762
 
  
 
316
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
12,395
 
     13,353  
                 
    
 
4,422
 
  
 
5,636
 
  
 
3,866
 
  
 
3,272
 
  
 
1,169
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
18,365
 
     18,968  
Equity securities
                                                                       
Common shares
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
60,074
 
  
 
60,074
 
     43,842  
Preferred shares
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
50
 
  
 
50
 
     37  
                 
    
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
60,124
 
  
 
60,124
 
     43,879  
                 
Retained interests
  
 
–
 
  
 
4
 
  
 
2
 
  
 
3
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
9
 
     14  
                 
Total trading securities
  
$
14,825
 
  
$
17,963
 
  
$
7,895
 
  
$
9,003
 
  
$
10,736
 
  
$
60,124
 
  
$
120,546
 
   $ 121,899  
                 
Non-trading financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
                                                                       
Government and government-related securities
                                                                       
U.S. federal, state, municipal governments, and agencies debt
  
$
–
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
155
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
155
 
   $ 388  
                 
    
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
155
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
155
 
     388  
                 
Other debt securities
                                                                       
Canadian issuers
  
 
–
 
  
 
67
 
  
 
211
 
  
 
1
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
359
 
  
 
638
 
     652  
Asset-backed securities
  
 
131
 
  
 
3,555
 
  
 
699
 
  
 
1,056
 
  
 
174
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
5,615
 
     3,292  
                 
Other issuers
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
67
 
  
 
67
 
     170  
                 
    
 
131
 
  
 
3,622
 
  
 
910
 
  
 
1,057
 
  
 
174
 
  
 
426
 
  
 
6,320
 
     4,114  
Equity securities
                                                                       
Common shares
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
561
 
  
 
561
 
     293  
Preferred shares
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
17
 
  
 
17
 
     35  
                 
    
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
578
 
  
 
578
 
     328  
                 
Total non-trading financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
  
$
131
 
  
$
3,622
 
  
$
910
 
  
$
1,057
 
  
$
329
 
  
$
1,004
 
  
$
7,053
 
   $ 4,830  
                 
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss
                                                                       
Government and government-related securities
                                                                       
Canadian government debt
                                                                       
Federal
  
$
247
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
247
 
   $ 1,129  
Provinces
  
 
322
 
  
 
45
 
  
 
8
 
  
 
1,049
 
  
 
101
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
1,525
 
     545  
U.S. federal, state, municipal governments, and agencies debt
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
22
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
22
 
     11  
                 
Other OECD government-guaranteed debt
  
 
338
 
  
 
29
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
367
 
     384  
                 
    
 
907
 
  
 
74
 
  
 
30
 
  
 
1,049
 
  
 
101
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
2,161
 
     2,069  
Other debt securities
                                                                       
Canadian issuers
  
 
262
 
  
 
852
 
  
 
734
 
  
 
460
 
  
 
10
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
2,318
 
     2,180  
                 
Other issuers
  
 
25
 
  
 
20
 
  
 
16
 
  
 
24
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
85
 
     490  
                 
    
 
287
 
  
 
872
 
  
 
750
 
  
 
484
 
  
 
10
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
2,403
 
     2,670  
                 
Total financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss
  
$
1,194
 
  
$
946
 
  
$
780
 
  
$
1,533
 
  
$
111
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
4,564
 
   $ 4,739  
 
1
 
Represents contractual maturities. Actual maturities may differ due to prepayment privileges in the applicable contract.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 
43

Securities Maturity Schedule
(Continued)
                                                                       
(millions of Canadian dollars)
                                                                 
 
As at
 
                                                          
 
October 31
2021
 
 
     October 31
2020
 
 
    
 
Remaining terms to maturities
1
 
                 
    
 
Within
1 year
 
 
  
 

 
Over 1
year to
3 years
 
 
 
  
 

 
Over 3
years to
5 years
 
 
 
  
 

 
Over 5
years to
10 years
 
 
 
  
 
Over 10
years
 
 
  
 

 
With no
specific
maturity
 
 
 
  
 
Total
 
     Total  
                 
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income
                                                                       
Government and government-related securities
                                                                       
Canadian government debt
                                                                       
Federal
  
$
2,596
 
  
$
2,005
 
  
$
4,811
 
  
$
2,684
 
  
$
423
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
12,519
 
   $ 14,126  
Provinces
  
 
1,120
 
  
 
2,596
 
  
 
3,635
 
  
 
9,940
 
  
 
852
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
18,143
 
     16,502  
U.S. federal, state, municipal governments, and agencies debt
  
 
10,495
 
  
 
2,696
 
  
 
2,625
 
  
 
13
 
  
 
3,471
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
19,300
 
     33,034  
Other OECD government-guaranteed debt
  
 
5,302
 
  
 
286
 
  
 
784
 
  
 
192
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
6,564
 
     10,756  
                 
Mortgage-backed securities
  
 
1,161
 
  
 
93
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
1,254
 
     3,865  
                 
    
 
20,674
 
  
 
7,676
 
  
 
11,855
 
  
 
12,829
 
  
 
4,746
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
57,780
 
     78,283  
Other debt securities
                                                                       
Asset-backed securities
  
 
1,682
 
  
 
538
 
  
 
1,432
 
  
 
684
 
  
 
2,645
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
6,981
 
     10,006  
                 
Corporate and other debt
  
 
1,825
 
  
 
2,386
 
  
 
2,146
 
  
 
1,723
 
  
 
24
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
8,104
 
     9,895  
                 
    
 
3,507
 
  
 
2,924
 
  
 
3,578
 
  
 
2,407
 
  
 
2,669
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
15,085
 
     19,901  
Equity securities
                                                                       
Common shares
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
4,117
 
  
 
4,117
 
     2,387  
                 
Preferred shares
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
482
 
  
 
482
 
     212  
                 
    
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
4,599
 
  
 
4,599
 
     2,599  
                 
Total securities at fair value through other comprehensive income
  
$
24,181
 
  
$
10,600
 
  
$
15,433
 
  
$
15,236
 
  
$
7,415
 
  
$
4,599
 
  
$
77,464
 
   $ 100,783  
                 
Debt securities at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses
                                                                       
Government and government-related securities
                                                                       
Canadian government debt
                                                                       
Federal
  
$
13,060
 
  
$
1,079
 
  
$
5,392
 
  
$
1,288
 
  
$
1,774
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
22,593
 
   $ 17,981  
Provinces
  
 
65
 
  
 
923
 
  
 
2,492
 
  
 
7,428
 
  
 
22
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
10,930
 
     5,627  
U.S. federal, state, municipal governments, and agencies debt
  
 
1,586
 
  
 
30,807
 
  
 
18,452
 
  
 
47,166
 
  
 
37,292
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
135,303
 
     113,845  
                 
Other OECD government
-
guaranteed debt
  
 
7,483
 
  
 
15,754
 
  
 
13,123
 
  
 
3,373
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
39,733
 
     37,140  
                 
    
 
22,194
 
  
 
48,563
 
  
 
39,459
 
  
 
59,255
 
  
 
39,088
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
208,559
 
     174,593  
Other debt securities
                                                                       
Asset-backed securities
  
 
654
 
  
 
4,989
 
  
 
8,204
 
  
 
6,512
 
  
 
12,813
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
33,172
 
     27,197  
Non-agency collateralized mortgage obligation
Portfolio
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
16,214
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
16,214
 
     16,992  
Canadian issuers
  
 
–
 
  
 
88
 
  
 
1,110
 
  
 
931
 
  
 
4
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
2,133
 
     887  
                 
Other issuers
  
 
1,938
 
  
 
2,993
 
  
 
1,867
 
  
 
2,063
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
8,861
 
     8,010  
                 
    
 
2,592
 
  
 
8,070
 
  
 
11,181
 
  
 
9,506
 
  
 
29,031
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
60,380
 
     53,086  
                 
Total debt securities at amortized cost, net of
allowance for credit losses
  
 
24,786
 
  
 
56,633
 
  
 
50,640
 
  
 
68,761
 
  
 
68,119
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
268,939
 
     227,679  
Total securities
  
$
65,117
 
  
$
89,764
 
  
$
75,658
 
  
$
95,590
 
  
$
86,710
 
  
$
65,727
 
  
$
478,566
 
   $ 459,930  
 
1
 
Represents contractual maturities. Actual maturities may differ due to prepayment privileges in the applicable contract.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
 
Page 44

(b)
UNREALIZED SECURITIES GAINS (LOSSES)
The following table summarizes the unrealized gains and losses as at October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
 
Unrealized Securities Gains (Losses) for Securities at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income
 
        
(millions of Canadian dollars)
 
                                            
 
As at
 
                     
 
October 31, 2021
 
                      October 31, 2020  
    
 

 
Cost/
amortized
cost
 
 
1
 
 
 

 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
 
 
  
 
Gross
unrealized
(losses
 
 
) 
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
    
 
Cost/
amortized
cost
 
 
1
 
   
 
Gross
unrealized
gains
 
 
 
    
Gross
unrealized
(losses
 
 
) 
   
Fair
value
 
 
Government and government-related
S
ecurities
 
                                                          
Canadian government debt
 
                                                          
Federal
  
$
12,428
 
 
$
98
 
  
$
(7
) 
 
$
12,519
 
   $ 13,967     $ 160      $ (1 )    $ 14,126  
Provinces
  
 
17,935
 
 
 
218
 
  
 
(10
) 
 
 
18,143
 
     16,342       181        (21 )      16,502  
U.S. federal, state, municipal governments, and
agencies debt
  
 
19,232
 
 
 
83
 
  
 
(15
) 
 
 
19,300
 
     32,875       192        (33 )      33,034  
Other OECD
-
government guaranteed debt
  
 
6,551
 
 
 
13
 
  
 
–
 
 
 
6,564
 
     10,720       39        (3 )      10,756  
                 
Mortgage-backed securities
  
 
1,251
 
 
 
3
 
  
 
–
 
 
 
1,254
 
     3,855       11        (1 )      3,865  
                 
    
 
57,397
 
 
 
415
 
  
 
(32
) 
 
 
57,780
 
     77,759       583        (59 )      78,283  
Other debt securities
                                                                   
Asset-backed securities
  
 
6,957
 
 
 
30
 
  
 
(6
) 
 
 
6,981
 
     10,051       26        (71 )      10,006  
                 
Corporate and other debt
  
 
8,054
 
 
 
68
 
  
 
(18
) 
 
 
8,104
 
     9,853       79        (37 )      9,895  
                 
    
 
15,011
 
 
 
98
 
  
 
(24
) 
 
 
15,085
 
     19,904       105        (108 )      19,901  
                 
Total debt securities
  
 
72,408
 
 
 
513
 
  
 
(56
) 
 
 
72,865
 
     97,663       688        (167 )      98,184  
Equity securities
                                                                   
Common shares
  
 
3,887
 
 
 
310
 
  
 
(80
) 
 
 
4,117
 
     2,641       26        (280 )      2,387  
                 
Preferred shares
  
 
470
 
 
 
43
 
  
 
(31
) 
 
 
482
 
     303       –        (91 )      212  
                 
    
 
4,357
 
 
 
353
 
  
 
(111
) 
 
 
4,599
 
     2,944       26        (371 )      2,599  
Total securities at fair value through other
comprehensive income
  
$
76,765
 
 
$
866
 
  
$
(167
) 
 
$
77,464
 
   $ 100,607     $ 714      $ (538 )    $ 100,783  
 
1
 
Includes the foreign exchange translation of amortized cost balances at the period-end spot rate.
(c)
EQUITY SECURITIES DESIGNATED AT FAIR VALUE THROUGH OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
The Bank designated certain equity securities as equity securities at FVOCI. The following table summarizes the fair value and dividend income recognized on equity securities designated at FVOCI as at and for the years ended October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
 
Equity Securities Designated at Fair Value Through Other Comprehensive Income
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
As at
 
  
 
For the years ended
 
    
 
October 31, 2021
 
     October 31, 2020     
 
October 31, 2021
 
     October 31, 2020  
             
 
Fair value
 
  
 
Dividend income recognized
 
Common shares
  
$
4,117
 
   $ 2,387     
$
143
 
   $ 93  
         
Preferred shares
  
 
482
 
     212     
 
18
 
     14  
Total
  
$
4,599
 
   $ 2,599     
$
161
 
   $ 107  
The Bank disposed of certain equity securities in line with the Bank’s investment strategy with a fair value of $146 million during the year ended October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $40 million). The Bank realized a cumulative gain (loss) of $15 million during the year ended October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $(18) million) on disposal of these equity securities and recognized dividend income of $2 million during the year ended October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – nil).
(d)
DEBT SECURITIES NET REALIZED GAINS (LOSSES)
The Bank disposed of certain debt securities measured at amortized cost and FVOCI during the year. The following table summarizes the net realized gains and losses on securities sold for the years ended October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
 
Debt Securities Net Realized Gains (Losses)
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
For the years ended
 
     
     
October 31
2021
    October 31
2020
 
Debt securities at amortized cost
  
$
(61
) 
  $ 13  
Debt securities at fair value through other comprehensive income
  
 
75
 
    27  
Total
  
$
14
 
  $ 40  
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 4
5

(e)
CREDIT QUALITY OF DEBT SECURITIES
The Bank evaluates non-retail credit risk on an individual borrower basis, using both a BRR and FRR, as detailed in the shaded area of the “Managing Risk” section of the 2021 MD&A. This system is used to assess all non-retail exposures, including debt securities.
The following table provides the gross carrying amounts of debt securities measured at amortized cost and debt securities at FVOCI by internal risk ratings for credit risk management purposes, presenting separately those debt securities that are subject to Stage 1, Stage 2, and Stage 3 allowances. Refer to the “Allowance for Credit Losses” table in Note 8 for details regarding the allowance and provision for credit losses on debt securities.
Debt Securities by Risk Ratings
(millions of Canadian dollars)                                                         
As at
 
                   
October 31, 2021
                    October 31, 2020  
 
 
 
Stage 1
 
  
 
Stage 2
 
  
 
Stage 3
 
  
 
Total
 
    Stage 1        Stage 2        Stage 3        Total  
Debt securities
                                                                     
Investment grade
 
$
    339,426
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
n/a
 
  
$
    339,426
 
  $     322,842      $ –      $ n/a      $     322,842  
Non-Investment grade
 
 
2,235
 
  
 
83
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
2,318
 
    2,762        244        n/a        3,006  
Watch and classified
 
 
n/a
 
  
 
62
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
62
 
    n/a        17        n/a        17  
Default
 
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
    n/a        n/a        –        –  
Total debt securities
 
 
341,661
 
  
 
145
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
341,806
 
    325,604        261        –        325,865  
Allowance for credit losses on debt securities at amortized cost
 
 
2
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
2
 
    2        –        –        2  
Total debt securities, net of allowance
 
 
341,659
 
  
 
145
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
341,804
 
    325,602        261        –        325,863  
As at October 31, 2021, total debt securities, net of allowance, in the table above, include debt securities measured at amortized cost, net of allowance, of $268,939 million (October 31, 2020 – $227,679 million), and debt securities measured at FVOCI of $72,865 million (October 31, 2020 – $98,184 million).
The difference between probability-weighted ECLs and base ECLs on debt securities at FVOCI and at amortized cost as at both October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020, was insignificant. Refer to Note 3 for further details.
 
NOTE 8:  LOANS, IMPAIRED LOANS, AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
(a)
The following table provides details regarding the Bank’s loans and acceptances as at October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
Loans and Acceptances
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
As at October 31
 
 
  
 
2021
 
     2020  
Residential mortgages
  
$
    268,340
 
   $     252,219  
Consumer instalment and other personal
  
 
189,864
 
     185,460  
Credit card
  
 
30,738
 
     32,334  
Business and government
  
 
240,070
 
     255,799  
 
  
 
729,012
 
     725,812  
Customers’ liability under acceptances
  
 
18,448
 
     14,941  
Loans at FVOCI
 (
Note 5)
  
 
1,602
 
     2,502  
Total
l
oans and
a
cceptances
  
 
749,062
 
     743,255  
Total allowance for loan losses
  
 
6,390
 
     8,290  
Total loans and acceptances, net of allowance
  
 
742,672
 
     734,965  
Business and government loans (including loans at FVOCI) and customers’ liability under acceptances are grouped together as reflected below for presentation in the Loans and Acceptances by Risk Rating table.
Loans and Acceptances – Business and Government
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
As at October 31
 
 
  
 
2021
 
     2020  
Loans at amortized cost
  
$
    240,070
 
   $     255,799  
Customers’ liability under acceptances
  
 
18,448
 
     14,941  
Loans at FVOCI
 (Note 5)
  
 
1,602
 
     2,502  
L
oans and
a
cceptances
  
 
260,120
 
     273,242  
Allowance for loan and acceptances losses
  
 
2,751
 
     3,415  
Loans and acceptances, net of allowance
  
 
257,369
 
     269,827  
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 4
6

(b) Credit Quality of Loans
In the retail portfolio, including individuals and small businesses, the Bank manages exposures on a pooled basis, using predictive credit scoring techniques. For non-retail exposures, each borrower is assigned a BRR that reflects the PD of the borrower using proprietary industry and sector specific risk models and expert judgment. Refer to the shaded areas of the “Managing Risk” section of the 2021 MD&A for further details, including the mapping of PD ranges to risk levels for retail exposures as well as the Bank’s 21-point BRR scale to risk levels and external ratings for non-retail exposures.
The following tables provide the gross carrying amounts of loans, acceptances, and credit risk exposures on loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts by internal risk ratings for credit risk management purposes, presenting separately those that are subject to Stage 1, Stage 2, and Stage 3 allowances.
 
Loans and Acceptances by Risk Ratings
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
As at
 
    
 
October 31, 2021
 
     October 31, 2020  
 
  
 
Stage 1
 
  
 
Stage 2
 
 
 
Stage 3
 
  
 
Total
 
     Stage 1        Stage 2        Stage 3        Total  
Residential mortgages
1,2,3
                                                                      
Low Risk
  
$
208,030
 
  
$
4,113
 
 
$
n/a
 
  
$
212,143
 
   $ 169,710      $ 3,125      $ n/a      $ 172,835  
Normal Risk
  
 
38,922
 
  
 
9,768
 
 
 
n/a
 
  
 
48,690
 
     56,663        9,938        n/a        66,601  
Medium Risk
  
 
–
 
  
 
4,405
 
 
 
n/a
 
  
 
4,405
 
     –        7,690        n/a        7,690  
High Risk
  
 
–
 
  
 
2,380
 
 
 
266
 
  
 
2,646
 
     –        4,120        443        4,563  
Default
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
 
 
456
 
  
 
456
 
     n/a        n/a        530        530  
Total loans
  
 
246,952
 
  
 
20,666
 
 
 
722
 
  
 
268,340
 
     226,373        24,873        973        252,219  
Allowance for loan losses
  
 
35
 
  
 
175
 
 
 
51
 
  
 
261
 
     32        205        65        302  
Loans, net of allowance
  
 
246,917
 
  
 
20,491
 
 
 
671
 
  
 
268,079
 
     226,341        24,668        908        251,917  
Consumer instalment and other personal
4
                                                                      
Low Risk
  
 
94,425
 
  
 
1,397
 
 
 
n/a
 
  
 
95,822
 
     77,178        1,199        n/a        78,377  
Normal Risk
  
 
62,484
 
  
 
1,255
 
 
 
n/a
 
  
 
63,739
 
     59,349        1,360        n/a        60,709  
Medium Risk
  
 
18,201
 
  
 
3,917
 
 
 
n/a
 
  
 
22,118
 
     28,094        3,631        n/a        31,725  
High Risk
  
 
1,073
 
  
 
6,346
 
 
 
379
 
  
 
7,798
 
     3,700        9,940        638        14,278  
Default
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
 
 
387
 
  
 
387
 
     n/a        n/a        371        371  
Total loans
  
 
176,183
 
  
 
12,915
 
 
 
766
 
  
 
189,864
 
     168,321        16,130        1,009        185,460  
Allowance for loan losses
  
 
520
 
  
 
914
 
 
 
139
 
  
 
1,573
 
     567        1,265        187        2,019  
Loans, net of allowance
  
 
175,663
 
  
 
12,001
 
 
 
627
 
  
 
188,291
 
     167,754        14,865        822        183,441  
Credit card
                                                                      
Low Risk
  
 
5,467
 
  
 
7
 
 
 
n/a
 
  
 
5,474
 
     3,916        49        n/a        3,965  
Normal Risk
  
 
10,109
 
  
 
68
 
 
 
n/a
 
  
 
10,177
 
     7,027        129        n/a        7,156  
Medium Risk
  
 
8,909
 
  
 
1,158
 
 
 
n/a
 
  
 
10,067
 
     10,431        804        n/a        11,235  
High Risk
  
 
476
 
  
 
4,319
 
 
 
149
 
  
 
4,944
 
     3,493        6,180        206        9,879  
Default
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
 
 
76
 
  
 
76
 
     n/a        n/a        99        99  
Total loans
  
 
24,961
 
  
 
5,552
 
 
 
225
 
  
 
30,738
 
     24,867        7,162        305        32,334  
Allowance for loan losses
  
 
671
 
  
 
996
 
 
 
138
 
  
 
1,805
 
     624        1,726        204        2,554  
Loans, net of allowance
  
 
24,290
 
  
 
4,556
 
 
 
87
 
  
 
28,933
 
     24,243        5,436        101        29,780  
Business and government
1,2,3,5
                                                                      
Investment grade or Low/Normal Risk
  
 
110,129
 
  
 
699
 
 
 
n/a
 
  
 
110,828
 
     120,106        250        n/a        120,356  
Non-Investment grade or Medium Risk
  
 
125,638
 
  
 
12,149
 
 
 
n/a
 
  
 
137,787
 
     126,509        11,818        n/a        138,327  
Watch and classified or High Risk
  
 
108
 
  
 
10,547
 
 
 
70
 
  
 
10,725
 
     890        12,567        120        13,577  
Default
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
 
 
780
 
  
 
780
 
     n/a        n/a        982        982  
Total loans and acceptances
  
 
235,875
 
  
 
23,395
 
 
 
850
 
  
 
260,120
 
     247,505        24,635        1,102        273,242  
Allowance for loan and acceptances losses
  
 
1,037
 
  
 
1,407
 
 
 
307
 
  
 
2,751
 
     1,321        1,706        388        3,415  
Loans and acceptances, net of allowance
  
 
234,838
 
  
 
21,988
 
 
 
543
 
  
 
257,369
 
     246,184        22,929        714        269,827  
Total loans and acceptances
6
  
 
683,971
 
  
 
62,528
 
 
 
2,563
 
  
 
749,062
 
     667,066        72,800        3,389        743,255  
Total allowance for loan losses
6,7
  
 
2,263
 
  
 
3,492
 
 
 
635
 
  
 
6,390
 
     2,544        4,902        844        8,290  
Total loans and acceptances, net of allowance
6
  
$
681,708
 
  
$
59,036
 
 
$
1,928
 
  
$
742,672
 
   $ 664,522      $ 67,898      $ 2,545      $ 734,965  
 
1
 
As at October 31, 2021, impaired loans with a balance of $86 million (October 31, 2020 – $111 million) did not have a related allowance for loan losses as the realizable value of the collateral exceeded the loan amount.
2
 
As at October 31, 2021, excludes trading loans and non-trading loans at FVTPL with a fair value of $12 billion (October 31, 2020 – $13 billion) and $2 billion (October 31, 2020 – $4 billion), respectively.
3
 
As at October 31, 2021, includes insured mortgages of $82 billion (October 31, 2020 – $86 billion).
4
 
As at October 31, 2021, includes Canadian government-insured real estate personal loans of $10 billion (October 31, 2020 – $12 billion).
5
 
As at October 31, 2021, includes loans guaranteed by government agencies of $26 billion (October 31, 2020 – $27 billion), which are primarily classified in Non-Investment grade or a lower risk rating based on the borrowers’ credit risk.
6
 
As at October 31, 2021, Stage 3 includes ACI loans of $152 million (October 31, 2020 – $232 million) and a related allowance for loan losses of $6 million (October 31, 2020 – $10 million), which have been included in the “Default” risk rating category as they were impaired at acquisition.
7
 
Includes allowance for loan losses related to loans that are measured at FVOCI of nil as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $1
m
illion).
 
TD BANK GROUP
 
•
 
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
 
•
 
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
 
Page 4
7

Loans and Acceptances by Risk Ratings (Continued) – Off-Balance Sheet Credit Instruments
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
 
 
As at
 
 
 
October 31, 2021
 
  
 
October 31, 2020
 
 
 
 
Stage 1
 
  
 
Stage 2
 
  
 
Stage 3
 
  
 
Total
 
  
 
Stage 1
 
  
 
Stage 2
 
  
 
Stage 3
 
  
 
Total
 
Retail Exposures
2
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Low Risk
 
$
  222,348
 
  
$
232
 
  
$
n/a
 
  
$
  222,580
 
   $   200,226      $ 724      $ n/a      $   200,950  
Normal Risk
 
 
80,529
 
  
 
501
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
81,030
 
     78,448        1,124        n/a        79,572  
Medium Risk
 
 
13,993
 
  
 
551
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
14,544
 
     35,187        1,444        n/a        36,631  
High Risk
 
 
890
 
  
 
1,004
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
1,894
 
     2,004        3,025        –        5,029  
Default
 
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
     n/a        n/a        –        –  
Non-Retail Exposures
3
                                                                      
Investment grade
 
 
195,293
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
195,293
 
     194,182        –        n/a        194,182  
Non-Investment grade
 
 
80,076
 
  
 
5,329
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
85,405
 
     76,280        6,553        n/a        82,833  
Watch and classified
 
 
38
 
  
 
5,097
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
5,135
 
     18        4,416        –        4,434  
                 
Default
 
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
86
 
  
 
86
 
     n/a        n/a        144        144  
                 
Total off-balance sheet credit 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
instruments
 
 
593,167
 
  
 
12,714
 
  
 
86
 
  
 
605,967
 
     586,345        17,286        144        603,775  
                 
Allowance for off-balance sheet credit
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
instruments
 
 
386
 
  
 
467
 
  
 
3
 
  
 
856
 
     381        672        34        1,087  
Total off-balance sheet credit instruments, net of allowance
 
$
592,781
 
  
$
12,247
 
  
$
83
 
  
$
605,111
 
   $ 585,964      $ 16,614      $ 110      $ 602,688  
 
1
 
Exclude mortgage commitments.
2
 
As at October 31, 2021, includes $318 billion (October 31, 2020 – $321 billion) of personal lines of credit and credit card lines, which are unconditionally cancellable at the Bank’s discretion at any time.
3
 
As at October 31, 2021, includes $48 billion (October 31, 2020 – $43 billion) of the undrawn component of uncommitted credit and liquidity facilities.
(c)
The following table presents information related to the Bank’s impaired loans as at October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
 
Impaired Loans
1
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
As at
 
    
 
October 31, 2021
 
  
 
October 31, 2020
 
                 
 
  
 

 
Unpaid
principal
balance
 
 
2
 
 
 
Carrying
value
 
 
  
 


 
Related
allowance
for credit
losses
 
 
 
 
  
 


 
Average
gross
impaired
loans
 
 
 
 
    
 
Unpaid
principal
balance
 
 
2
 
    Carrying
value
 
 
    

 
Related
allowance
for credit
losses
 
 
 
 
    

 
Average
gross
impaired
loans
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgages
  
$
681
 
 
$
630
 
  
$
51
 
  
$
717
 
   $ 885     $ 825      $ 67      $ 781  
Consumer instalment and other personal
  
 
799
 
 
 
746
 
  
 
139
 
  
 
850
 
     1,068       988        186        1,067  
Credit card
  
 
224
 
 
 
225
 
  
 
138
 
  
 
258
 
     305       305        204        446  
                 
Business and government
  
 
912
 
 
 
810
 
  
 
301
 
  
 
968
 
     1,134       1,039        377        1,137  
                 
Total
  
$
2,616
 
 
$
2,411
 
  
$
629
 
  
$
2,793
 
   $ 3,392     $ 3,157      $ 834      $ 3,431  
 
1
Balances exclude ACI loans.
2
Represents contractual amount of principal owed.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 
48

(d)
The following table provides details on the Bank’s allowance for credit losses as at and for the years ended October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020, including allowance for off-balance sheet instruments in the applicable categories.
 
Allowance for Credit Losses
 
                                                                       
(millions of Canadian dollars)
 
                 
 
Foreign
exchange,
disposals,
and other
adjustments
 
 
 
 
 
                                   
Foreign
exchange,
disposals,
and other
adjustments
 
 
 
 
 
       
   
 
Balance at
beginning
of year
 
 
 
 
 
Provision
for credit
losses
 
 
 
 
 
Write-offs,
net of
recoveries
 
 
 
 
 
Balance
at end of
year
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at
beginning
of year
 
 
 
 
 
Provision
for credit
losses
 
 
 
   
 
Write-offs,

net of
recoveries
 
 
 
 
 
Balance
at end of
year
 
 
 
                                                           
 
For the years ended October 31
 
   
 
2021
 
    2020  
Residential mortgages
 
$
302
 
 
$
(26
) 
 
$
(10
) 
 
$
(5
) 
 
$
261
 
  $ 110     $ 214     $ (25 )    $ 3     $ 302  
Consumer instalment and other personal
 
 
2,112
 
 
 
135
 
 
 
(531
) 
 
 
(67
) 
 
 
1,649
 
    1,309       1,798       (983 )      (12 )      2,112  
Credit card
 
 
3,184
 
 
 
(14
) 
 
 
(708
) 
 
 
(148
) 
 
 
2,314
 
    1,929       2,691       (1,414 )      (22 )      3,184  
                     
Business and government
 
 
3,779
 
 
 
(320
) 
 
 
(249
) 
 
 
(188
) 
 
 
3,022
 
    1,684       2,539       (378 )      (66 )      3,779  
                     
Total allowance for loan losses, including off-balance sheet instruments
 
 
9,377
 
 
 
(225
) 
 
 
(1,498
) 
 
 
(408
) 
 
 
7,246
 
    5,032       7,242       (2,800 )      (97 )      9,377  
Debt securities at amortized cost
 
 
2
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2
 
    1       –       –       1       2  
                     
Debt securities at FVOCI
 
 
5
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
7
 
    3       –       –       2       5  
                     
Total allowance for credit losses on debt securities
 
 
7
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1
 
 
 
9
 
    4       –       –       3       7  
Total allowance for credit losses
 
$
9,384
 
 
$
(224
) 
 
$
(1,498
) 
 
$
(407
) 
 
$
7,255
 
  $ 5,036     $ 7,242     $ (2,800 )    $ (94 )    $ 9,384  
Comprising:
                                                                               
Allowance for credit losses on loans at amortized cost
 
$
8,289
 
                         
$
6,390
 
  $ 4,447                             $ 8,289  
Allowance for credit losses on loans at FVOCI
 
 
1
 
                         
 
–
 
    –                               1  
   
 
 
                           
 
 
   
 
 
                           
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
8,290
 
                         
 
6,390
 
    4,447                               8,290  
   
 
 
                           
 
 
   
 
 
                           
 
 
 
Allowance for off-balance sheet instruments
 
 
1,087
 
                         
 
856
 
    585                               1,087  
                     
Allowance for credit losses on debt securities
 
 
7
 
                         
 
9
 
    4                               7  
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 
49

(e)
The following table provides details on the Bank’s allowance for loan losses by stage as at and for the years ended October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
 
Allowance for Loan Losses by Stage
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
For the years ended October 31
 
    
 
2021
 
    2020  
 
  
 
Stage 1
 
 
 
Stage 2
 
 
 
Stage 3
1
 
 
 
Total
 
    Stage 1       Stage 2       Stage 3
1
 
    Total  
Residential Mortgages
                                                                
Balance at beginning of period
  
$
32
 
 
$
205
 
 
$
65
 
 
$
302
 
  $ 28     $ 26     $ 56     $ 110  
Provision for credit losses
                                                                
Transfer to Stage 1
2
  
 
126
 
 
 
(123
) 
 
 
(3
) 
 
 
–
 
    66       (65 )      (1 )      –  
Transfer to Stage 2
  
 
(38
) 
 
 
56
 
 
 
(18
) 
 
 
–
 
    (33 )      46       (13 )      –  
Transfer to Stage 3
  
 
–
 
 
 
(14
) 
 
 
14
 
 
 
–
 
    –       (14 )      14       –  
Net remeasurement due to transfers into stage
3
  
 
(20
) 
 
 
12
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(8
) 
    (20 )      29       –       9  
New originations or purchases
4
  
 
21
 
 
 
n/a
 
 
 
n/a
 
 
 
21
 
    15       n/a       n/a       15  
Net repayments
5
  
 
(4
) 
 
 
(4
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(8
) 
    –       (1 )      –       (1 ) 
Derecognition of financial assets (excluding disposals and write-offs)
6
  
 
(6
) 
 
 
(35
) 
 
 
(55
) 
 
 
(96
) 
    (4 )      (11 )      (22 )      (37 ) 
Changes to risk, parameters, and models
7
  
 
(74
) 
 
 
83
 
 
 
56
 
 
 
65
 
    (21 )      196       53       228  
Disposals
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    –       –       –       –  
Write-offs
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(16
) 
 
 
(16
) 
    –       –       (26 )      (26 ) 
Recoveries
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
6
 
 
 
6
 
    1       (1 )      1       1  
                 
Foreign exchange and other adjustments
  
 
(2
) 
 
 
(5
) 
 
 
2
 
 
 
(5
) 
    –       –       3       3  
                 
Balance at end of period
  
$
35
 
 
$
175
 
 
$
51
 
 
$
261
 
  $ 32     $ 205     $ 65     $ 302  
Consumer Instalment and Other Personal
                                                                
Balance, including off-balance sheet instruments, at beginning of period
  
$
595
 
 
$
1,330
 
 
$
187
 
 
$
2,112
 
  $ 717     $ 417     $ 175     $ 1,309  
Provision for credit losses
                                                                
Transfer to Stage 1
2
  
 
1,154
 
 
 
(1,143
) 
 
 
(11
) 
 
 
–
 
    490       (473 )      (17 )      –  
Transfer to Stage 2
  
 
(145
) 
 
 
201
 
 
 
(56
) 
 
 
–
 
    (438 )      504       (66 )      –  
Transfer to Stage 3
  
 
(7
) 
 
 
(195
) 
 
 
202
 
 
 
–
 
    (11 )      (147 )      158       –  
Net remeasurement due to transfers into stage
3
  
 
(332
) 
 
 
157
 
 
 
8
 
 
 
(167
) 
    (216 )      473       11       268  
New originations or purchases
4
  
 
221
 
 
 
n/a
 
 
 
n/a
 
 
 
221
 
    327       n/a       n/a       327  
Net repayments
5
  
 
(96
) 
 
 
(96
) 
 
 
(14
) 
 
 
(206
) 
    (92 )      (62 )      (11 )      (165 ) 
Derecognition of financial assets (excluding disposals and write-offs)
6
  
 
(93
) 
 
 
(159
) 
 
 
(41
) 
 
 
(293
) 
    (95 )      (73 )      (31 )      (199 ) 
Changes to risk, parameters, and models
7
  
 
(727
) 
 
 
901
 
 
 
406
 
 
 
580
 
    (83 )      698       952       1,567  
Disposals
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    –       –       –       –  
Write-offs
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(848
) 
 
 
(848
) 
    –       –       (1,261 )      (1,261 ) 
Recoveries
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
317
 
 
 
317
 
    –       –       278       278  
                 
Foreign exchange and other adjustments
  
 
(20
) 
 
 
(36
) 
 
 
(11
) 
 
 
(67
) 
    (4 )      (7 )      (1 )      (12 ) 
Balance, including off-balance sheet instruments, at end of period
  
 
550
 
 
 
960
 
 
 
139
 
 
 
1,649
 
    595       1,330       187       2,112  
                 
Less: Allowance for off-balance sheet instruments
8
  
 
30
 
 
 
46
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
76
 
    28       65       –       93  
                 
Balance at end of period
  
$
520
 
 
$
914
 
 
$
139
 
 
$
1,573
 
  $ 567     $ 1,265     $ 187     $ 2,019  
Credit Card
9
                                                                
Balance, including off-balance sheet instruments, at beginning of period
  
$
799
 
 
$
2,181
 
 
$
204
 
 
$
3,184
 
  $ 934     $ 673     $ 322     $ 1,929  
Provision for credit losses
                                                                
Transfer to Stage 1
2
  
 
1,509
 
 
 
(1,488
) 
 
 
(21
) 
 
 
–
 
    1,000       (970 )      (30 )      –  
Transfer to Stage 2
  
 
(180
) 
 
 
232
 
 
 
(52
) 
 
 
–
 
    (598 )      673       (75 )      –  
Transfer to Stage 3
  
 
(8
) 
 
 
(632
) 
 
 
640
 
 
 
–
 
    (19 )      (638 )      657       –  
Net remeasurement due to transfers into stage
3
  
 
(478
) 
 
 
277
 
 
 
10
 
 
 
(191
) 
    (356 )      830       22       496  
New originations or purchases
4
  
 
122
 
 
 
n/a
 
 
 
n/a
 
 
 
122
 
    174       n/a       n/a       174  
Net repayments
5
  
 
(98
) 
 
 
(20
) 
 
 
20
 
 
 
(98
) 
    (35 )      (7 )      35       (7 ) 
Derecognition of financial assets (excluding disposals and write-offs)
6
  
 
(50
) 
 
 
(131
) 
 
 
(219
) 
 
 
(400
) 
    (145 )      (174 )      (378 )      (697 ) 
Changes to risk, parameters, and models
7
  
 
(696
) 
 
 
973
 
 
 
276
 
 
 
553
 
    (152 )      1,814       1,063       2,725  
Disposals
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    –       –       –       –  
Write-offs
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(1,011
) 
 
 
(1,011
) 
    –       –       (1,720 )      (1,720 ) 
Recoveries
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
303
 
 
 
303
 
    –       –       306       306  
                 
Foreign exchange and other adjustments
  
 
(42
) 
 
 
(94
) 
 
 
(12
) 
 
 
(148
) 
    (4 )      (20 )      2       (22 ) 
Balance, including off-balance sheet instruments, at end of period
  
 
878
 
 
 
1,298
 
 
 
138
 
 
 
2,314
 
    799       2,181       204       3,184  
                 
Less: Allowance for off-balance sheet instruments
8
  
 
207
 
 
 
302
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
509
 
    175       455       –       630  
                 
Balance at end of period
  
$
671
 
 
$
996
 
 
$
138
 
 
$
1,805
 
  $ 624     $ 1,726     $ 204     $ 2,554  
 
1
 
Includes allowance for loan losses related to ACI loans.
2
 
Transfers represent stage transfer movements prior to ECL remeasurement.
3
 
Represents the mechanical remeasurement between twelve-month (i.e., Stage 1) and lifetime ECLs (i.e., Stage 2 or 3) due to stage transfers necessitated by credit risk migration, as described in the “Significant Increase in Credit Risk” section of Note 2,
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
and Note 3
, Significant Accounting Judgments, Estimates and Assumptions
, holding all other factors impacting the change in ECLs constant.
4
 
Represents the increase in the allowance resulting from loans that were newly originated, purchased, or r
e
newed.
5
 
Represents the changes in the allowance related to cash flow changes associated with new draws or repayments on loans outstanding.
6
 
Represents the decrease in the allowance resulting from loans that were fully repaid and excludes the decrease associated with loans that were disposed or fully written off.
7
 
Represents the changes in the allowance related to current period changes in risk (e.g. PD) caused by changes to macroeconomic factors, level of risk, parameters, and/or models, subsequent to stage migration. Refer to the “Measurement of Expected Credit Losses”, “Forward Looking Information” and “Expert Credit Judgment” sections of Note 2,
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
and Note 3,
Significant Accounting Judgments, Estimates and Assumptions
for further details.
8
 
The allowance for loan losses for off-balance sheet instruments is recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
9
 
Credit cards are considered impaired and migrate to Stage 3 when they are 90 days past due and written off at 180 days past due. Refer to Note 2 for further details.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 5
0

Allowance for Loan Losses by Stage
(Continued)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
For the years ended October 31
 
    
 
2021
 
    2020  
 
  
 
Stage 1
 
 
 
Stage 2
 
 
 
Stage 3
1
 
 
 
Total
 
    Stage 1       Stage 2       Stage 3
1
 
    Total  
Business and Government
2
                                                                
                 
Balance, including off-balance sheet instruments, as beginning of period
  
$
1,499
 
 
$
1,858
 
 
$
422
 
 
$
3,779
 
  $ 736     $ 740     $ 208     $ 1,684  
Provision for credit losses
                                                                
Transfer to Stage 1
3
  
 
476
 
 
 
(471
) 
 
 
(5
) 
 
 
–
 
    255       (248 )      (7 )      –  
Transfer to Stage 2
  
 
(497
) 
 
 
508
 
 
 
(11
) 
 
 
–
 
    (459 )      482       (23 )      –  
Transfer to Stage 3
  
 
(5
) 
 
 
(103
) 
 
 
108
 
 
 
–
 
    (14 )      (131 )      145       –  
Net remeasurement due to transfers into stage
3
  
 
(117
) 
 
 
122
 
 
 
(2
) 
 
 
3
 
    (94 )      256       (4 )      158  
New originations or purchases
3
  
 
1,123
 
 
 
n/a
 
 
 
n/a
 
 
 
1,123
 
    871       n/a       n/a       871  
Net repayments
3
  
 
(24
) 
 
 
(122
) 
 
 
(92
) 
 
 
(238
) 
    (52 )      (68 )      (54 )      (174 ) 
Derecognition of financial assets (excluding disposals and write-offs)
3
  
 
(813
) 
 
 
(758
) 
 
 
(358
) 
 
 
(1,929
) 
    (459 )      (503 )      (242 )      (1,204 ) 
Changes to risk, parameters, and models
3
  
 
(384
) 
 
 
578
 
 
 
527
 
 
 
721
 
    727       1,334       827       2,888  
Disposals
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(4
) 
 
 
(4
) 
    –       –       (22 )      (22 ) 
Write-offs
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(298
) 
 
 
(298
) 
    –       –       (430 )      (430 ) 
Recoveries
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
49
 
 
 
49
 
    –       –       52       52  
                 
Foreign exchange and other adjustments
  
 
(72
) 
 
 
(86
) 
 
 
(26
) 
 
 
(184
) 
    (12 )      (4 )      (28 )      (44 ) 
Balance, including off-balance sheet instruments, at end of period
  
 
1,186
 
 
 
1,526
 
 
 
310
 
 
 
3,022
 
    1,499       1,858       422       3,779  
                 
Less: Allowance for off-balance sheet instruments
4
  
 
149
 
 
 
119
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
271
 
    178       152       34       364  
                 
Balance at end of period
  
 
1,037
 
 
 
1,407
 
 
 
307
 
 
 
2,751
 
    1,321       1,706       388       3,415  
Total Allowance, including off-balance sheet instruments, at end of period
  
 
2,649
 
 
 
3,959
 
 
 
638
 
 
 
7,246
 
    2,925       5,574       878       9,377  
                 
Less: Total Allowance for off-balance sheet instruments
  
 
386
 
 
 
467
 
 
 
3
 
 
 
856
 
    381       672       34       1,087  
                 
Total Allowance for Loan Losses at end of period
  
$
2,263
 
 
$
3,492
 
 
$
635
 
 
$
6,390
 
  $ 2,544     $ 4,902     $ 844     $ 8,290  
 
1
 
Includes allowance for loan losses related to ACI loans.
2
 
Includes the allowance for loan losses related to customers’ liability under acceptances.
3
 
For explanations regarding this line item, refer to the “Allowance for Loan Losses” table on the previous page in this Note.
4
The allowance for loan losses for off-balance sheet instruments is recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The allowance for credit losses on all remaining financial assets is not significant.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 5
1

(
f
)
FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION
Relevant macroeconomic factors are incorporat
e
d in risk parameters as appropriate. Additional risk factors that are industry or segment specific are also incorporated, where relevant. The key macroeconomic variables used in determining ECLs include regional unemployment rates for all retail exposures and regional housing price indices for residential mortgages and home equity lines of credit. For business and government loans, the key macroeconomic variables include gross domestic product (GDP), unemployment rates, interest rates, and credit spreads. Refer to Note 3 for a discussion of how forward-looking information is generated and considered in determining whether there has been a significant increase in credit risk and in measuring ECLs.
Macroeconomic Variables
Select macroeconomic variables are projected over the forecast period. The following table represents the average values of the macroeconomic variables over the four calendar quarters starting with the current quarter, and the remaining 4-year forecast period for the base forecast and upside and downside scenarios used in determining the Bank’s ECLs as at October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020. As the forecast period increases, information about the future becomes less readily available and projections are anchored on assumptions around structural relationships between economic parameters that are inherently much less certain. Relative to a year ago, the economy has made substantial progress in recovering from the economic shock caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. As the economy moves farther away from the initial economic shocks of the pandemic, uncertainty around the economic forecast continues to decrease.
 
Macroeconomic Variables
                                    
    
As at
 
    
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
October 31, 2021
 
    
Base Forecast
   
Upside Scenario
   
Downside Scenario
 
             
 
  
 

 
Average
Q4 2021-
Q3 2022
 
 
1
 
 
 

 
Remaining
4-year
period
 
 
1
 
 
 

 
Average
Q4 2021-
Q3 2022
 
 
1
 
 
 

 
Remaining
4-year
period
 
 
1
 
 
 

 
Average
Q4 2021-
Q3 2022
 
 
1
 
 
 

 
Remaining
4-year
period
 
 
1
 
Unemployment rate
              
 
             
 
               
Canada
     6.3 %      5.7 %       6.3 %      5.4 %       8.0 %      7.3 % 
United States
     4.3       3.5       4.3       3.2       5.7       4.8  
Real GDP
              
 
             
 
               
Canada
     4.0       2.1       5.1       2.1       (0.1 )      2.5  
United States
     4.5       2.1       5.6       2.0       1.3       2.4  
Home prices
              
 
             
 
               
Canada (average existing price)
2
     4.7       1.0       6.4       2.0       1.0       (0.4 ) 
United States (CoreLogic HPI)
3
     10.6       3.1       13.5       3.2       7.4       1.9  
Central bank policy interest rate
              
 
             
 
               
Canada
     0.25       1.52       0.44       1.84       0.25       0.86  
United States
     0.25       1.67       0.44       2.02       0.25       1.02  
U.S. 10-year treasury yield
     1.93       2.24       2.14       2.33       1.33       2.06  
U.S. 10-year BBB spread (%-pts)
     1.45       1.79       1.39       1.71       1.73       1.79  
Exchange rate (U.S. dollar/Canadian dollar)
   $ 0.78     $ 0.79     $ 0.79     $ 0.80     $ 0.76     $ 0.77  
                                                  
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    October 31, 2020  
       Base Forecast       Upside Scenario       Downside Scenario  
 
  
 
Average
Q4 2020-
Q3 2021
 
 
1
 
 
 
Remaining
4-year
period
 
 
1
 
 
 
Average
Q4 2020-
Q3 2021
 
 
1
 
 
 
Remaining
4-year
period
 
 
1
 
 
 
Average
Q4 2020-
Q3 2021
 
 
1
 
 
 
Remaining
4-year
period
 
 
1
 
Unemployment rate
              
 
             
 
               
Canada
     8.4 %      6.1 %       7.8 %      5.7 %       10.2 %      6.2 % 
United States
     7.8       4.8       7.1       4.1       9.4       5.1  
Real GDP
              
 
             
 
               
Canada
     2.4       2.2       3.2       2.8       (0.7 )      2.9  
United States
     1.8       2.4       2.3       3.0       (1.5 )      3.1  
Home prices
              
 
             
 
               
Canada (average existing price)
2
     6.0       1.1       7.4       3.1       (3.5 )      3.5  
United States (CoreLogic HPI)
3
     2.9       2.9       3.4       4.1       (2.4 )      4.1  
Central bank policy interest rate
              
 
             
 
               
Canada
     0.25       0.50       0.25       0.64       0.25       0.39  
United States
     0.25       0.50       0.25       0.72       0.25       0.39  
U.S. 10-year treasury yield
     0.96       1.82       1.39       2.78       0.69       1.71  
U.S. 10-year BBB spread (%-pts)
     1.87       1.80       1.77       1.53       2.14       1.81  
Exchange rate (U.S. dollar/Canadian dollar)
   $     0.78     $     0.77     $     0.78     $     0.81     $     0.76     $     0.77  
 
1
 
The numbers represent average values for the quoted periods, and average of year-on-year growth for real GDP and home prices.
2
 
The average home price is the average transacted sale price of homes sold via the Multiple Listing Service; data is collected by the Canadian Real Estate Association.
3
 
The CoreLogic home price index (HPI) is a repeat-sales index which tracks increases and decreases in the same home’s sales price over time.
(g)
SENSITIVITY OF ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
ECLs are sensitive to the inputs used in internally developed models, the macroeconomic variables in the forward-looking forecasts and respective probability weightings in determining the probability-weighted ECLs, and other factors considered when applying expert credit judgment. Changes in these inputs, assumptions, models, and judgments would affect the assessment of significant increase in credit risk and the measurement of ECLs. Refer to Note 3 for further details and for significant judgments applied as a result of COVID-19.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 5
2

The following table presents the base ECL scenario compared to the probability-weighted ECLs, with the latter derived from three ECL scenarios for performing loans and off-balance sheet instruments. The difference reflects the impact of deriving multiple scenarios around the base ECLs and resultant change in ECLs due to non-linearity and sensitivity to using macroeconomic forecasts.
 
Change from Base to Probability-Weighted ECLs
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
 
 
 
 
 
As at
 
 
  
 
October 31, 2021
 
    October 31, 2020  
Probability-weighted ECLs
  
$
6,608
 
  $ 8,500  
Base ECLs
  
 
6,412
 
    8,157  
Difference – in amount
  
$
196
 
  $ 343  
Difference – in percentage
  
 
3.0
% 
    4.0 % 
ECLs for performing loans and off-balance sheet instruments consist of an aggregate amount of Stage 1 and Stage 2 probability-weighted ECLs which are twelve-month ECLs and lifetime ECLs, respectively. Transfers from Stage 1 to Stage 2 ECLs result from a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition of the loan. The following table shows the estimated impact of staging on ECLs by presenting all performing loans and off-balance sheet instruments calculated using
twelve-month
ECLs compared to the current aggregate probability-weighted ECLs, holding all risk profiles constant.
 
Incremental Lifetime ECLs Impact
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
 
 
  
 
As at
 
 
  
 
October 31, 2021
 
     October 31, 2020  
Probability-weighted ECLs
  
$
6,608
 
   $ 8,500  
All performing loans and off-balance sheet instruments using 12-month ECLs
  
 
4,903
 
     6,482  
Incremental lifetime ECLs impact
  
$
1,705
 
   $ 2,018  
(h)
FORECLOSED ASSETS
Foreclosed assets are repossessed non-financial assets where the Bank gains title, ownership, or possession of individual properties, such as real estate properties, which are managed for sale in an orderly manner with the proceeds used to reduce or repay any outstanding debt. The Bank does not generally occupy foreclosed properties for its business use. The Bank predominantly relies on third-party appraisals to determine the carrying value of foreclosed assets. Foreclosed assets held for sale were $53 million as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $77 million), and were recorded in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
(i)
LOANS PAST DUE BUT NOT IMPAIRED
A loan is classified as past due when a borrower has failed to make a payment by the contractual due date. The following table summarizes loans that are past due but not impaired. Loans less than 31 days contractually past due are excluded as they do not generally reflect a borrower’s ability to meet their payment obligations.
 
Loans Past Due but not Impaired
1,2
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
As at
 
    
 
October 31, 2021
 
     October 31, 2020  
 
  
 
31-60
days
 
 
  
 
61-89
days
 
 
  
 
Total
 
    
31-60
days
 
 
    
61-89
days
 
 
     Total  
Residential mortgages
  
$
229
 
  
$
62
 
  
$
291
 
   $ 221      $ 64      $ 285  
Consumer instalment and other personal
  
 
512
 
  
 
156
 
  
 
668
 
     590        200        790  
Credit card
  
 
186
 
  
 
113
 
  
 
299
 
     218        149        367  
             
Business and government
  
 
785
 
  
 
139
 
  
 
924
 
     723        329        1,052  
Total
  
$
    1,712
 
  
$
    470
 
  
$
          2,182
 
   $     1,752      $     742      $     2,494  
 
1
 
Includes loans that are measured at FVOCI.
2
 
Loans deferred under a Bank-led COVID-19 relief program were not considered past due. Where such loans were already past due, they were not aged further during the deferral period. Aging for deferred loans commences subsequent to the deferral period.
(j)
MODIFIED FINANCIAL ASSETS
To provide financial relief to customers affected by the economic consequences of COVID-19, the Bank offered certain relief programs, including payment deferral options for residential mortgages, home equity loans, personal loans, auto loans, and commercial and small business loans. Including the modifications under the COVID-19 relief programs, the amortized cost of financial assets with lifetime allowance that were modified during the year ended October 31, 2021, was $489 million (October 31, 2020 – $7.7 billion) before modification, with insignificant modification gain or loss. The gross carrying amount of modified financial assets for which the loss allowance changed from lifetime to twelve-month ECLs during the year ended October 31, 2021 was $1.1 billion (October 31, 2020 – $609 million).
(k)
COLLATERAL
As at October 31, 2021, the collateral held against total gross impaired loans represents 83% (October 31, 2020 – 86%) of total gross impaired loans. The fair value of non-financial collateral is determined at the origination date of the loan. A revaluation of non-financial collateral is performed if there has been a significant change in the terms and conditions of the loan and/or the loan is considered impaired. Management considers the nature of the collateral, seniority ranking of the debt, and loan structure in assessing the value of collateral. These estimated cash flows are reviewed at least annually, or more frequently when new information indicates a change in the timing or amount expected to be received.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 5
3

NOTE 9:  TRANSFERS OF FINANCIAL ASSETS
LOAN SECURITIZATIONS
The Bank securitizes loans through structured entity or non-structured entity third parties. Most loan securitizations do not qualify for derecognition since in most circumstances, the Bank continues to be exposed to substantially all of the prepayment, interest rate, and/or credit risk associated with the securitized financial assets and has not transferred substantially all of the risk and rewards of ownership of the securitized assets. Where loans do not qualify for derecognition, they are not derecognized from the balance sheet, retained interests are not recognized, and a securitization liability is recognized for the cash proceeds received. Certain transaction costs incurred are also capitalized and amortized using EIRM.
The Bank securitizes insured residential mortgages under the National Housing Act Mortgage-Backed Securities (NHA MBS) program sponsored by the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). The MBS that are created through the NHA MBS program are sold to the Canada Housing Trust (CHT) as part of the CMB program, sold to third-party investors, or are held by the Bank. The CHT issues CMB to third-party investors and uses resulting proceeds to purchase NHA MBS from the Bank and other mortgage issuers in the Canadian market. Assets purchased by the CHT are comingled in a single trust from which CMB are issued. The Bank continues to be exposed to substantially all of the risks of the underlying mortgages, through the retention of a seller swap which transfers principal and interest payment risk on the NHA MBS back to the Bank in return for coupon paid on the CMB issuance and as such, the sales do not qualify for derecognition.
The Bank securitizes U.S. originated residential mortgages with U.S. government agencies which qualify for derecognition from the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. As part of the securitization, the Bank retains the right to service the transferred mortgage loans. The MBS that are created through the securitization are typically sold to third-party investors.
The Bank also securitizes personal loans and business and government loans to entities which may be structured entities. These securitizations may give rise to derecognition of the financial assets depending on the individual arrangement of each transaction.
In addition, the Bank transfers credit card receivables, consumer instalment and other personal loans to structured entities that the Bank consolidates. Refer to Note 10 for further details.
The following table summarizes the securitized asset types that did not qualify for derecognition, along with their associated securitization liabilities as at October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
Financial Assets Not Qualifying for Derecognition Treatment as Part of the Bank’s Securitization Programs
(millions of Canadian dollars)                           
As at
 
    
October 31, 2021
     October 31, 2020  
         
     
Fair
value
    
Carrying
amount
    
Fair
value
     Carrying
amount
 
Nature of transaction
                                   
Securitization of residential mortgage loans
  
$
    24,428
 
  
$
    24,367
 
   $     25,622      $     25,271  
         
Other financial assets transferred related to securitization
1
  
 
4,209
 
  
 
4,207
 
     4,101        4,084  
         
Total
  
 
28,637
 
  
 
28,574
 
     29,723        29,355  
Associated liabilities
2
  
$
28,707
 
  
$
28,767
 
   $ 29,861      $ 29,486  
 
1
Includes asset-backed securities, asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP), cash, repurchase agreements, and Government of Canada securities used to fulfil funding requirements of the Bank’s securitization structures after the initial securitization of mortgage loans.
2
Includes securitization liabilities carried at amortized cost of $15 billion as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $16 billion), and securitization liabilities carried at fair value of $14 billion as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $14 billion).
Other Financial Assets Not Qualifying for Derecognition
The Bank enters into certain transactions where it transfers previously recognized commodities and financial assets, such as debt and equity securities, but retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of those assets. These transferred assets are not derecognized and the transfers are accounted for as financing transactions. The most common transactions of this nature are repurchase agreements and securities lending agreements, in which the Bank retains substantially all of the associated credit, price, interest rate, and foreign exchange risks and rewards associated with the assets.
The following table summarizes the carrying amount of financial assets and the associated transactions that did not qualify for derecognition, as well as their associated financial liabilities as at October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
Other Financial Assets Not Qualifying for Derecognition
1
(millions of Canadian dollars)           
As at
 
     
     
October 31
2021
    
October 31
2020
 
Carrying amount of assets
                 
Nature of transaction
                 
Repurchase agreements
2,3
  
$
    20,849
 
   $ 28,665  
     
Securities lending agreements
  
 
44,234
 
     38,934  
     
Total
  
 
65,083
 
     67,599  
Carrying amount of associated liabilities
3
  
$
20,871
 
   $ 27,971  
 
1
 
Certain comparative amounts have been restated to conform with the presentation adopted in the current year.
2
 
Includes $2.0 billion, as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $2.4 billion) of assets related to repurchase agreements or swaps that are collateralized by physical precious metals.
3
 
Associated liabilities are all related to repurchase agreements.
 
TD BANK GROUP
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2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
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4

TRANSFERS OF FINANCIAL ASSETS QUALIFYING FOR DERECOGNITION
Transferred financial assets that are derecognized in their entirety where the Bank has a continuing involvement
Continuing involvement may arise if the Bank retains any contractual rights or obligations subsequent to the transfer of financial assets. Certain business and government loans securitized by the Bank are derecognized from the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. In instances where the Bank fully derecognizes business and government loans, the Bank may be exposed to the risks of transferred loans through a retained interest. As at October 31, 2021, the fair value of retained interests was $9 million (October 31, 2020 – $14 million). A gain or loss on sale of the loans is recognized immediately in other income after considering the effect of hedge accounting on the assets sold, if applicable. The amount of the gain or loss recognized depends on the previous carrying values of the loans involved in the transfer, allocated between the assets sold and the retained interests based on their relative fair values at the date of transfer. For the year ended October 31, 2021, the trading income recognized on the retained interest was nil (October 31, 2020 – nil).
Certain portfolios of U.S. residential mortgages originated by the Bank are sold and derecognized from the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. In certain instances, the Bank has a continuing involvement to service those loans. As at October 31, 2021, the carrying value of these servicing rights was $87 million (October 31, 2020 – $61 million) and the fair value was $93 million (October 31, 2020 – $56 million). A gain or loss on sale of the loans is recognized immediately in income (loss) from non-trading financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss. The gain (loss) on sale of the loans for the year ended October 31, 2021 was $66 million (October 31, 2020 – $78 million).
Canada Emergency Business Account Program
Under the Canada Emergency Business Account (CEBA) Program, with funding provided by H
er
 
Majesty in Right of Canada (the “Government of Canada”) and Export Development
 
Canada as the Government of Canada’s agent, the Bank provided eligible business banking customers with an interest-free, partially forgivable loan of up to $60,000 until December 31
, 2022
. If the loan is not repaid by December 31
, 2022
, it will be exten
ded for an additional 3-year term bearing an interest rate of 5% per annum. The application window for new CEBA loans and expansion requests closed on June 30, 2021. The funding provided to the Bank by the Government of Canada in respect of the CEBA Program represents an obligation to passthrough collections on the CEBA loans and is otherwise non-recourse to the Bank. Accordingly, the Bank is required to remit all collections of principal and interest on the CEBA loans to the Government of Canada but is not required to repay amounts that its customers fail to pay or that have been forgiven. The Bank receives an administration fee to recover the costs to administer the program for the Government of Canada. Loans issued under the program are not recognized on the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet, as the Bank transfers substantially all risks and rewards in respect of the loans to the Government of Canada. As of October 31, 2021, the Bank had provided approximately 213,000 customers (October 31, 2020 – 184,000) with CEBA loans and had funded approximately $11.6 billion (October 31, 2020 – $7.3 billion) in loans under the program.
NOTE 10:  STRUCTURED ENTITIES
The Bank uses structured entities for a variety of purposes including: (1) to facilitate the transfer of specified risks to clients; (2) as financing vehicles for itself or for clients; or (3) to segregate assets on behalf of investors. The Bank is typically restricted from accessing the assets of the structured entity under the relevant arrangements.
The Bank is involved with structured entities that it sponsors, as well as entities sponsored by third parties. Factors assessed when determining if the Bank is the sponsor of a structured entity include whether the Bank is the predominant user of the entity; whether the entity’s branding or marketing identity is linked with the Bank; and whether the Bank provides an implicit or explicit guarantee of the entity’s performance to investors or other third parties. The Bank is not considered to be the sponsor of a structured entity if it only provides arm’s-length services to the entity, for example, by acting as administrator, distributor, custodian, asset manager, or loan servicer. Sponsorship of a structured entity may indicate that the Bank had power over the entity at inception; however, this is not sufficient to determine if the Bank consolidates the entity. Regardless of whether or not the Bank sponsors an entity, consolidation is determined on a case-by-case basis.
(
a)
SPONSORED STRUCTURED ENTITIES
The following section outlines the Bank’s involvement with key sponsored structured entities.
Securitizations
The Bank securitizes its own assets and facilitates the securitization of client assets through structured entities, such as conduits, which issue ABCP or other securitization entities which issue longer-dated term securities. Securitizations are an important source of liquidity for the Bank, allowing it to diversify its funding sources and to optimize its balance sheet management approach.
The Bank sponsors both single-seller and multi-seller securitization conduits. Depending on the specifics of the entity, the variable returns absorbed through ABCP may be significantly mitigated by variable returns retained by the sellers. The Bank provides liquidity facilities to certain conduits for the benefit of ABCP investors which are structured as loan facilities between the Bank, as the sole liquidity lender, and the Bank-sponsored entity. If an entity experiences difficulty issuing ABCP due to illiquidity in the commercial market, the entity may draw on the loan facility, and use the proceeds to pay maturing ABCP. The ABCP issued by each multi-seller conduit is in the conduit’s own name with recourse to the financial assets owned by the multi-seller conduit, and is non-recourse to the Bank except through our participation in liquidity facilities. The Bank’s exposure to the variable returns of these conduits from its provision of liquidity facilities and any related commitments is mitigated by the sellers’ continued exposure to variable returns, as described below. The Bank provides administration and securities distribution services to its sponsored securitization conduits, which may result in it holding an investment in the ABCP issued by these entities. In some cases, the Bank may also provide credit enhancements or may transact derivatives with securitization conduits. The Bank earns fees from the conduits which are recognized when earned.
The Bank sells assets to single-seller conduits which it controls and consolidates. Control results from the Bank’s power over the entity’s key economic decisions, predominantly, the mix of assets sold into the conduit and exposure to the variable returns of the transferred assets, usually through a derivative or the provision of credit mitigation in the form of cash reserves, over-collateralization, or guarantees over the performance of the entity’s portfolio of assets.
Multi-seller conduits provide customers with alternate sources of financing through the securitization of their assets. These conduits are similar to single-seller conduits except that financial assets are purchased from more than one seller and commingled into a single portfolio of assets. Each transaction is structured with transaction-specific first loss protection provided by the third-party seller. This enhancement can take various forms, including but not limited to overcollateralization, excess spread, subordinated classes of financial assets, guarantees or letters of credit. The Bank is typically deemed to have power over the entity’s key economic decisions, namely, the selection of sellers and related assets sold as well as other decisions related to the management of risk in the vehicle. The Bank’s exposure to the variable returns of
multi-seller
conduits from its provision of liquidity facilities and any related commitments is mitigated by the sellers’ continued exposure to variable returns from the entity. Where the Bank has power over multi-seller conduits, but is not exposed to significant variable returns it does not consolidate such entities. Where the Bank is exposed to variable returns of a
multi-seller
conduit from provision of liquidity facilities, together with power over the entity as well as the ability to use its power to influence significant variable returns, the Bank consolidates the conduit.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
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Investment Funds and Other Asset Management Entities
As part of its asset management business, the Bank creates investment funds and trusts (including mutual funds), enabling it to provide its clients with a broad range of diversified exposure to different risk profiles, in accordance with the client’s risk appetite. Such entities may be actively managed or may be passively directed, for example, through the tracking of a specified index, depending on the entity’s investment strategy. Financing for these entities is obtained through the issuance of securities to investors, typically in the form of fund units. Based on each entity’s specific strategy and risk profile, the proceeds from this issuance are used by the entity to purchase a portfolio of assets. An entity’s portfolio may contain investments in securities, derivatives, or other assets, including cash. At the inception of a new investment fund or trust, the Bank will typically invest an amount of seed capital in the entity, allowing it to establish a performance history in the market. Over time, the Bank sells its seed capital holdings to third-party investors, as the entity’s AUM increases. As a result, the Bank’s holding of seed capital investment in its own sponsored investment funds and trusts is typically not significant to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Aside from any seed capital investments, the Bank’s interest in these entities is generally limited to fees earned for the provision of asset management services. The Bank does not typically provide guarantees over the performance of these funds.
The Bank is typically considered to have power over the key economic decisions of sponsored asset management entities; however, it does not consolidate an entity unless it is also exposed to significant variable returns of the entity. This determination is made on a case-by-case basis, in accordance with the Bank’s consolidation policy.
Financing Vehicles
The Bank may use structured entities to provide a cost-effective means of financing its operations, including raising capital or obtaining funding. These structured entities include: (1) TD Capital Trust IV (Trust IV) and (2) TD Covered Bond (Legislative) Guarantor Limited Partnership (the “Covered Bond Entity”). The Bank had previously issued TD Capital Trust III Securities – Series 2008 (TD CaTS III) through TD Capital Trust III (Trust III), which were included in Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. The TD CaTS III were fully redeemed on December 31, 2018 at a price of $1 billion plus the unpaid distribution payable on the redemption date.
Trust IV issued innovative capital securities which count as Tier 1 Capital of the Bank, but, under Basel III, are considered non-qualifying capital instruments and are subject to the Basel III phase-out rules. The proceeds from these issuances were invested in bank deposit notes which generate income for distribution to investors. Trust IV holds assets which are only exposed to the Bank’s own credit risk. The Bank is considered to have decision-making power over the key economic activities of Trust IV; however, the Bank does not consolidate the trust because it does not absorb significant variable returns of the trust as it is ultimately exposed only to its own credit risk. On June 30, 2019, Trust IV redeemed all of the outstanding $550 million TD Capital Trust IV Notes – Series 1 (TD CaTS IV – 1). On June 30, 2021, Trust IV redeemed all of the outstanding $750 million TD Capital Trust IV Notes – Series 3 (TD CaTS IV – 3). On November 1, 2021, Trust IV redeemed all of the outstanding $450 million TD Capital Trust IV Notes – Series 2 (TD CaTS IV – 2). Refer to Note 20 for further details.
The Bank issues, or has issued, debt under its covered bond program where the principal and interest payments of the notes are guaranteed by the Covered Bond Entity. The Bank sold a portfolio of assets to the Covered Bond Entity and provided a loan to the Covered Bond Entity to facilitate the purchase. The Bank is restricted from accessing the Covered Bond Entity’s assets under the relevant agreement. Investors in the Bank’s covered bonds may have recourse to the Bank should the assets of the Covered Bond Entity be insufficient to satisfy the covered bond liabilities. The Bank consolidates the Covered Bond Entity as it has power over the key economic activities and retains all the variable returns in this entity.
(b)
THIRD-PARTY SPONSORED STRUCTURED ENTITIES
In addition to structured entities sponsored by the Bank, the Bank is also involved with structured entities sponsored by third parties. Key involvement with
third-party
sponsored structured entities is described in the following section.
Third-party Sponsored Securitization Programs
The Bank participates in the securitization program of government-sponsored structured entities, including the CMHC, a Crown corporation of the Government of Canada, and similar U.S. government-sponsored entities. The CMHC guarantees CMB issued through the CHT.
The Bank is exposed to the variable returns in the CHT, through its retention of seller swaps resulting from its participation in the CHT program. The Bank does not have power over the CHT as its key economic activities are controlled by the Government of Canada. The Bank’s exposure to the CHT is included in the balance of residential mortgage loans as noted in Note 9, and is not disclosed in the table accompanying this Note.
The Bank participates in the securitization programs sponsored by U.S. government agencies. The Bank is not exposed to significant variable returns from these agencies and does not have power over the key economic activities of the agencies, which are controlled by the U.S. government.
Investment Holdings and Derivatives
The Bank may hold interests in third-party structured entities, predominantly in the form of direct investments in securities or partnership interests issued by those structured entities, or through derivatives transacted with counterparties which are structured entities. Investments in, and derivatives with, structured entities are recognized on the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Bank does not typically consolidate third-party structured entities where its involvement is limited to investment holdings and/or derivatives as the Bank would not generally have power over the key economic decisions of these entities.
Financing Transactions
In the normal course of business, the Bank may enter into financing transactions with third-party structured entities including commercial loans, reverse repurchase agreements, prime brokerage margin lending, and similar collateralized lending transactions. While such transactions expose the Bank to the structured entities’ counterparty credit risk, this exposure is mitigated by the collateral related to these transactions. The Bank typically has neither power nor significant variable returns due to financing transactions with structured entities and would not generally consolidate such entities. Financing transactions with third-party sponsored structured entities are included on the Bank’s Consolidated Financial Statements and have not been included in the table accompanying this Note.
Arm’s-length Servicing Relationships
In addition to the involvement outlined above, the Bank may also provide services to structured entities on an arm’s-length basis, for example as sub-advisor to an investment fund or asset servicer. Similarly, the Bank’s asset management services provided to institutional investors may include transactions with structured entities. As a consequence of providing these services, the Bank may be exposed to variable returns from these structured entities, for example, through the receipt of fees or short-term exposure to the structured entity’s securities. Any such exposure is typically mitigated by collateral or some other contractual arrangement with the structured entity or its sponsor. The Bank generally has neither power nor significant variable returns from the provision of arm’s-length services to a structured entity and, consequently does not consolidate such entities. Fees and other exposures through servicing relationships are included on the Bank’s Consolidated Financial Statements and have not been included in the table accompanying this Note.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 5
6

(c)
INVOLVEMENT WITH CONSOLIDATED STRUCTURED ENTITIES
Securitizations
The Bank securitizes credit card receivables, consumer instalment, and other personal loans through securitization entities, predominantly single-seller conduits. These conduits are consolidated by the Bank based on the factors described above. Aside from the exposure resulting from its involvement as seller and sponsor of consolidated securitization conduits described above, including the liquidity facilities provided, the Bank has no contractual or non-contractual arrangements to provide financial support to consolidated securitization conduits. The Bank’s interests in securitization conduits generally rank senior to interests held by other parties, in accordance with the Bank’s investment and risk policies. As a result, the Bank has no significant obligations to absorb losses before other holders of securitization issuances.
Other Structured Consolidated Structured Entities
Depending on the specific facts and circumstances of the Bank’s involvement with structured entities, the Bank may consolidate asset management entities, financing vehicles, or third-party sponsored structured entities, based on the factors described above. Aside from its exposure resulting from its involvement as sponsor or investor in the structured entities as previously discussed, the Bank does not typically have other contractual or non-contractual arrangements to provide financial support to these consolidated structured entities.
(d)
INVOLVEMENT WITH UNCONSOLIDATED STRUCTURED ENTITIES
The following table presents information related to the Bank’s unconsolidated structured entities. Unconsolidated structured entities include both TD and third-party sponsored entities. Securitizations include holdings in TD-sponsored multi-seller conduits, as well as third-party sponsored mortgage and asset-backed securitizations, including government-sponsored agency securities such as CMBs, and U.S. government agency issuances. Investment Funds and Trusts include holdings in third-party funds and trusts, as well as holdings in TD-sponsored asset management funds and trusts and commitments to certain U.S. municipal funds. Amounts in Other are predominantly related to investments in community-based U.S. tax-advantage entities described in Note 12. These holdings do not result in the consolidation of these entities as TD does not have power over these entities.
 
Carrying Amount and Maximum Exposure to Unconsolidated Structured Entities
1
                         
(millions of Canadian dollars)                                                   
As at
 
                    
October 31, 2021
                     October 31, 2020  
     
Securitizations
    
Investment
funds and
trusts
    
Other
    
Total
     Securitizations      Investment
funds and
trusts
     Other      Total  
                 
FINANCIAL ASSETS
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Trading loans, securities, and other
  
$
10,060
 
  
$
1,083
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
11,143
 
   $ 7,810      $ 845      $ –      $ 8,655  
Non-trading financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
  
 
5,770
 
  
 
665
 
  
 
64
 
  
 
6,499
 
     3,680        513        68        4,261  
Derivatives
2
  
 
–
 
  
 
95
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
95
 
     –        368        6        374  
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss
  
 
–
 
  
 
6
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
6
 
     –        23        –        23  
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
  
 
23,446
 
  
 
2,247
 
  
 
3
 
  
 
25,696
 
     30,278        2,395        7        32,680  
Debt securities at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses
  
 
117,246
 
  
 
424
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
117,670
 
     104,914        28        –        104,942  
Loans
  
 
2,399
 
  
 
4
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
2,403
 
     2,134        5        –        2,139  
                 
Other
  
 
4
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
3,021
 
  
 
3,025
 
     8        –        3,098        3,106  
                 
Total assets
  
 
158,925
 
  
 
4,524
 
  
 
3,088
 
  
 
166,537
 
     148,824        4,177        3,179        156,180  
                 
FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Derivatives
2
  
 
–
 
  
 
513
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
513
 
     –        150        –        150  
                 
Obligations related to securities sold short
  
 
2,199
 
  
 
365
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
2,564
 
     3,337        335        –        3,672  
                 
Total liabilities
  
 
2,199
 
  
 
878
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
3,077
 
     3,337        485        –        3,822  
                 
Off-balance sheet exposure
3
  
 
13,372
 
  
 
5,962
 
  
 
1,299
 
  
 
20,633
 
     16,431        5,105        1,289        22,825  
Maximum exposure to loss from involvement with unconsolidated structured entities
  
$
170,098
 
  
$
9,608
 
  
$
4,387
 
  
$
184,093
 
   $ 161,918      $ 8,797      $ 4,468      $ 175,183  
                 
Size of sponsored unconsolidated structured entities
4
  
$
10,266
 
  
$
42,834
 
  
$
450
 
  
$
53,550
 
   $ 10,862      $ 37,286      $ 1,200      $ 49,348  
 
1
 
Certain comparative amounts have been restated to conform with the presentation adopted in the current period.
2
 
Derivatives primarily subject to vanilla interest rate or foreign exchange risk are not included in these amounts as those derivatives are designed to align the structured entity’s cash flows with risks absorbed by investors and are not predominantly designed to expose the Bank to variable returns created by the entity.
3
 
For the purposes of this disclosure, off-balance sheet exposure represents the notional value of liquidity facilities, guarantees, or other off-balance sheet commitments without considering the effect of collateral or other credit enhancements.
4
 
The size of sponsored unconsolidated structured entities is provided based on the most appropriate measure of size for the type of entity: (1) The par value of notes issued by securitization conduits and similar liability issuers; (2) the total AUM of investment funds and trusts; and (3) the total fair value of partnership or equity shares in issue for partnerships and similar equity issuers.
Sponsored Unconsolidated Structured Entities in which the Bank has no Significant Investment at the End of the Period
Sponsored unconsolidated structured entities in which the Bank has no significant investment at the end of the period are predominantly investment funds and trusts created for the asset management business. The Bank would not typically hold investments, with the exception of seed capital, in these structured entities. However, the Bank continues to earn fees from asset management services provided to these entities, some of which could be based on the performance of the fund. Fees payable are generally senior in the entity’s priority of payment and would also be backed by collateral, limiting the Bank’s exposure to loss from these entities. The Bank earned non-interest income of $2.3 billion (October 31, 2020 – $2.1 billion) from its involvement with these asset management entities for the year ended October 31, 2021, of which $2.0 billion (October 31, 2020 – $1.8 billion) was received directly from these entities. The total AUM in these entities as at October 31, 2021 was $286.8 billion (October 31, 2020 – $241.4 billion). Any assets transferred by the Bank during the period are co-mingled with assets obtained
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 5
7

from third parties in the market. Except as previously disclosed, the Bank has no contractual or non-contractual arrangements to provide financial support to unconsolidated structured entities.
NOTE 11: DERIVATIVES
(a)
DERIVATIVE PRODUCT TYPES AND RISK EXPOSURES
The majority of the Bank’s derivative contracts are OTC transactions that are bilaterally negotiated between the Bank and the counterparty to the contract. The remainder are exchange-traded contracts transacted through organized and regulated exchanges and consist primarily of certain options and futures.
The Bank’s derivative transactions relate to trading and non-trading activities. The purpose of derivatives held for non-trading activities is primarily for managing interest rate, foreign exchange, and equity risk related to the Bank’s funding, lending, investment, and other structural market risk management activities. The Bank’s risk management strategy for these risks is discussed in shaded sections of the “Managing Risk” section of the MD&A.
Where hedge accounting is applied, only a specific or a combination of risk components are hedged, including benchmark interest rate, foreign exchange rate, and equity price components. All these risk components are observable in the relevant market environment and the change in the fair value or the variability in cash flows attributable to these risk components can be reliably measured for hedged items. The Bank also enters into derivative transactions to economically hedge certain exposures that do not otherwise qualify for hedge accounting, or where hedge accounting is not considered feasible.
Where the derivatives are in hedge relationships, the main sources of ineffectiveness can be attributed to differences between hedging instruments and hedged items:
•  
Differences in fixed rates, when contractual coupons of the fixed rate hedged items are designated;
•  
Differences in the discounting factors, when hedging derivatives are collateralized;
•  
CVA on the hedging derivatives; and
•  
Mismatch in critical terms such as tenor and timing of cash flows between hedging instruments and hedged items.
To mitigate a portion of the ineffectiveness, the Bank designates the benchmark risk component of contractual cash flows of hedged items and executes hedging derivatives with high-quality counterparties. The majority of the Bank’s hedging derivatives are collateralized.
Interest Rate Derivatives
Interest rate swaps are OTC contracts in which two counterparties agree to exchange cash flows over a period of time based on rates applied to a specified notional amount. This includes interest rate swaps that are transacted and settled through a clearing house which acts as a central counterparty. A typical interest rate swap would require one counterparty to pay a fixed market interest rate in exchange for a variable market interest rate determined from time to time, with both calculated on a specified notional amount. No exchange of principal amount takes place.
Forward rate agreements are OTC contracts that effectively fix a future interest rate for a period of time. A typical forward rate agreement provides that at a pre-determined future date, a cash settlement will be made between the counterparties based upon the difference between a contracted rate and a market rate to be determined in the future, calculated on a specified notional amount. No exchange of principal amount takes place.
Interest rate options are contracts in which one party (the purchaser of an option) acquires from another party (the writer of an option), in exchange for a premium, the right, but not the obligation, either to buy or sell, on a specified future date or series of future dates or within a specified time, a specified financial instrument at a contracted price. The underlying financial instrument will have a market price which varies in response to changes in interest rates. In managing the Bank’s interest rate exposure, the Bank acts as both a writer and purchaser of these options. Options are transacted both OTC and through exchanges. Interest rate futures are standardized contracts transacted on an exchange. They are based upon an agreement to buy or sell a specified quantity of a financial instrument on a specified future date, at a contracted price. These contracts differ from forward rate agreements in that they are in standard amounts with standard settlement dates and are transacted on an exchange.
The Bank uses interest rate swaps to hedge its exposure to benchmark interest rate risk by modifying the repricing or maturity characteristics of existing and/or forecast assets and liabilities, including funding and investment activities. These swaps are designated in either fair value hedges against fixed rate assets/liabilities or cash flow hedges against floating rate assets/liabilities. For fair value hedges, the Bank assesses and measures the hedge effectiveness based on the change in the fair value or cash flows of the derivative hedging instrument relative to the change in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item. For cash flow hedges, the Bank uses a hypothetical derivative having terms that identically match the critical terms of the hedged item as the proxy for measuring the change in fair value or cash flows of the hedged item.
Foreign Exchange Derivatives
Foreign exchange forwards are OTC contracts in which one counterparty contracts with another to exchange a specified amount of one currency for a specified amount of a second currency, at a future date or range of dates.
Swap contracts comprise foreign exchange swaps and cross-currency interest rate swaps. Foreign exchange swaps are transactions in which a foreign currency is simultaneously purchased in the spot market and sold in the forward market, or vice-versa. Cross-currency interest rate swaps are transactions in which counterparties exchange principal and interest cash flows in different currencies over a period of time. These contracts are used to manage currency and/or interest rate exposures.
Foreign exchange futures contracts are similar to foreign exchange forward contracts but differ in that they are in standard currency amounts with standard settlement dates and are transacted on an exchange.
The Bank uses non-derivative instruments such as foreign currency deposit liabilities and derivative instruments such as cross-currency swaps and foreign exchange forwards to hedge its foreign currency exposure. These hedging instruments are designated in either net investment hedges or cash flow hedges. For net investment hedges, the Bank assesses and measures the hedge effectiveness based on the change in the fair value of the hedging instrument relative to the translation gains and losses on the net investment in the foreign operation. For cash flow hedges, the Bank assesses and measures the hedge effectiveness based on the change in the fair value of the hedging instrument relative to the change in the cash flows of the foreign currency denominated asset/liability attributable to foreign exchange risk, using the hypothetical derivative method.
Credit Derivatives
The Bank uses credit derivatives such as credit default swaps (CDS) and total return swaps in managing risks of the Bank’s corporate loan portfolio and other cash instruments, as well as managing counterparty credit risk on derivatives. Credit risk is the risk of loss if a borrower or counterparty in a transaction fails to meet its agreed payment obligations. The Bank uses credit derivatives to mitigate industry concentration and borrower-specific exposure as part of the Bank’s portfolio risk management techniques. The credit, legal, and other risks associated with these transactions are controlled through well established procedures. The Bank’s
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 5
8

policy is to enter into these transactions with investment grade financial institutions. Credit risk to these counterparties is managed through the same approval, limit, and monitoring processes that is used for all counterparties to which the Bank has credit exposure.
Credit derivatives are OTC contracts designed to transfer the credit risk in an underlying financial instrument (usually termed as a reference asset) from one counterparty to another. The most common credit derivatives are CDS, which include contracts transacted through clearing houses, and total return swaps. In CDS contracts, the CDS purchaser acquires credit protection on a reference asset or group of assets from a writer of CDS in exchange for a premium. The purchaser may pay the agreed premium at inception or over a period of time. The credit protection compensates the purchaser for deterioration in value of the reference asset or group of assets upon the occurrence of certain credit events such as bankruptcy, or changes in specified credit rating or credit index. Settlement may be cash based or physical, requiring the delivery of the reference asset to the CDS writer. In total return swap contracts, one counterparty agrees to pay or receive from the other cash amounts based on changes in the value of a reference asset or group of assets, including any returns such as interest earned on these assets in exchange for amounts that are based on prevailing market funding rates. These cash settlements are made regardless of whether there is a credit event.
Other Derivatives
The Bank also transacts in equity and commodity derivatives in both the exchange and OTC markets.
Equity swaps are OTC contracts in which one counterparty agrees to pay, or receive from the other, cash amounts based on changes in the value of a stock index, a basket of stocks or a single stock. These contracts sometimes include a payment in respect of dividends.
Equity options give the purchaser of the option, for a premium, the right, but not the obligation, to buy from or sell to the writer of an option, an underlying stock index, basket of stocks or a single stock at a contracted price. Options are transacted both OTC and through exchanges.
Equity index futures are standardized contracts transacted on an exchange. They are based on an agreement to pay or receive a cash amount based on the difference between the contracted price level of an underlying stock index and its corresponding market price level at a specified future date. There is no actual delivery of stocks that comprise the underlying index. These contracts are in standard amounts with standard settlement dates.
Commodity contracts include commodity forwards, futures, swaps, and options, such as precious metals and energy-related products in both OTC and exchange markets.
Where hedge accounting is applied, the Bank uses equity forwards and/or total return swaps to hedge its exposure to equity price risk. These derivatives are designated as cash flow hedges. The Bank assesses and measures the hedge effectiveness based on the change in the fair value of the hedging instrument relative to the change in the cash flows of the hedged item attributable to movement in equity price, using the hypothetical derivative method.
 
Fair Value of Derivatives
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
October 31, 2021
 
     October 31, 2020  
    
 
Fair value as at
balance sheet date
 
 
     Fair value as
at balance sheet date
 
 
 
  
 
Positive
 
  
 
Negative
 
     Positive        Negative  
Derivatives held or issued for trading purposes
                                   
Interest rate contracts
                                   
Forward rate agreements
  
$
37
 
  
$
68
 
   $ 38      $ 71  
Swaps
  
 
7,430
 
  
 
9,450
 
     12,290        15,068  
Options written
  
 
–
 
  
 
698
 
     –        1,321  
Options purchased
  
 
774
 
  
 
–
 
     1,322        –  
Total interest rate contracts
  
 
8,241
 
  
 
10,216
 
     13,650        16,460  
Foreign exchange contracts
                                   
Forward contracts
  
 
9
 
  
 
1,849
 
     818        1,361  
Swaps
  
 
16,638
 
  
 
14,947
 
     10,858        9,649  
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
  
 
16,279
 
  
 
15,061
 
     15,106        14,431  
Options written
  
 
–
 
  
 
238
 
     –        286  
Options purchased
  
 
172
 
  
 
–
 
     256        –  
Total foreign exchange contracts
  
 
33,098
 
  
 
32,095
 
     27,038        25,727  
Credit derivative contracts
                                   
Credit default swaps – protection purchased
  
 
1
 
  
 
207
 
     3        165  
Credit default swaps – protection sold
  
 
67
 
  
 
–
 
     7        9  
Total credit derivative contracts
  
 
68
 
  
 
207
 
     10        174  
Other contracts
                                   
Equity contracts
  
 
3,752
 
  
 
6,223
 
     3,649        3,328  
Commodity contracts
  
 
2,891
 
  
 
1,904
 
     2,414        1,993  
Total other contracts
  
 
6,643
 
  
 
8,127
 
     6,063        5,321  
Fair value – trading
  
 
48,050
 
  
 
50,645
 
     46,761        47,682  
Derivatives held or issued for non-trading purposes
                                   
Interest rate contracts
                                   
Forward rate agreements
  
 
2
 
  
 
1
 
     2        1  
Swaps
  
 
2,000
 
  
 
1,465
 
     4,299        2,671  
Options written
  
 
1
 
  
 
1
 
     –        2  
Options purchased
  
 
38
 
  
 
–
 
     9        –  
Total interest rate contracts
  
 
2,041
 
  
 
1,467
 
     4,310        2,674  
Foreign exchange contracts
                                   
Forward contracts
  
 
1,475
 
  
 
267
 
     608        187  
Swaps
  
 
5
 
  
 
1
 
     8        1  
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
  
 
1,238
 
  
 
2,812
 
     1,964        1,399  
Total foreign exchange contracts
  
 
2,718
 
  
 
3,080
 
     2,580        1,587  
Credit derivative contracts
                                   
Credit default swaps – protection purchased
  
 
2
 
  
 
138
 
     9        153  
Total credit derivative contracts
  
 
 
2
 
  
 
138
 
     9        153  
Other contracts
                                   
Equity contracts
  
 
1,616
 
  
 
1,792
 
     582        1,107  
Total other contracts
  
 
1,616
 
  
 
1,792
 
     582        1,107  
Fair value – non-trading
  
 
6,377
 
  
 
6,477
 
     7,481        5,521  
Total fair value
  
$
54,427
 
  
$
57,122
 
   $ 54,242      $ 53,203  
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 
59

The following table distinguishes derivatives held or issued for non-trading purposes between those that have been designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships and those which have not been designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships as at October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
 
Fair Value of Non-Trading Derivatives
1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
October 31, 2021
 
   
 
              Derivative Assets
 
 
 
Derivative Liabilities
 
   
 
Derivatives in qualifying
hedging relationships
 
 
 
 


 
Derivatives
not in
qualifying
hedging
relationships
 
 
 
 
 
         
 
Derivatives in qualifying
hedging relationships
 
 
 
 


 
Derivatives
not in
qualifying
hedging
relationships
 
 
 
 
 
       
 
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
 
 
Cash
flow
 
 
 
 
Net
investment
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
Fair
value
 
 
 
 
Cash
flow
 
 
 
 
Net
investment
 
 
 
 
Total
 
Derivatives held or issued for non-trading purposes
                                                                               
Interest rate contracts
 
$
548
 
 
$
148
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
1,345
 
 
$
2,041
 
 
$
346
 
 
$
213
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
908
 
 
$
1,467
 
Foreign exchange contracts
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,631
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
87
 
 
 
2,718
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,887
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
193
 
 
 
3,080
 
Credit derivative contracts
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
138
 
 
 
138
 
Other contracts
 
 
–
 
 
 
927
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
689
 
 
 
1,616
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,792
 
 
 
1,792
 
Fair value – non-trading
 
$
548
 
 
$
3,706
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
2,123
 
 
$
6,377
 
 
$
346
 
 
$
3,100
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
3,031
 
 
$
6,477
 
                                                                                 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    October 31, 2020  
Derivatives held or issued for non-trading purposes
                                                                               
Interest rate contracts
  $ 1,624     $ 1,061     $ –     $ 1,625     $ 4,310     $ 884     $ 81     $ –     $ 1,709     $ 2,674  
Foreign exchange contracts
    –       2,503       –       77       2,580       –       1,546       –       41       1,587  
Credit derivative contracts
    –       –       –       9       9       –       –       –       153       153  
Other contracts
    –       200       –       382       582       –       142       –       965       1,107  
Fair value – non-trading
  $ 1,624     $ 3,764     $ –     $ 2,093     $ 7,481     $ 884     $ 1,769     $ –     $ 2,868     $ 5,521  
 
1
 
Certain derivative assets qualify to be offset with certain derivative liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Refer to Note 6 for further details.
Fair Value Hedges
The following table presents the effects of fair value hedges on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and the Consolidated Statement of Income.
 
Fair Value Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
 
 
For the years ended or as at October 31
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
2021
 
 
 
 



 
Change in
value of hedged
items for
ineffectiveness
measurement
 
 
 
 
 
 
 



 
Change in fair
value of hedging
instruments for
ineffectiveness
measurement
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Hedge
ineffectiveness
 
 
 
 


 
Carrying
amounts
for hedged
items
 
 
 
 
  
 



 
Accumulated
amount of fair
value hedge
adjustments
on hedged items
1
 
 
 
 
 
 
 




 
Accumulated
amount of fair
value hedge
adjustments on
de-designated
hedged items
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
                                                
Interest rate risk
                                                
Debt securities at amortized cost
 
$
(2,039
) 
 
$
2,065
 
 
$
26
 
 
$
86,716
 
  
$
466
 
 
$
58
 
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
 
 
(1,952
) 
 
 
1,981
 
 
 
29
 
 
 
47,306
 
  
 
(277
) 
 
 
30
 
Loans
 
 
(1,603
) 
 
 
1,661
 
 
 
58
 
 
 
61,346
 
  
 
(95
) 
 
 
25
 
Total assets
 
 
(5,594
) 
 
 
5,707
 
 
 
113
 
 
 
195,368
 
  
 
94
 
 
 
113
 
                                                  
Liabilities
                                                
Interest rate risk
                                                
Deposits
 
 
2,529
 
 
 
(2,569
) 
 
 
(40
) 
 
 
123,765
 
  
 
638
 
 
 
20
 
Securitization liabilities at amortized cost
 
 
20
 
 
 
(20
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
1,536
 
  
 
147
 
 
 
–
 
Subordinated notes and debentures
 
 
91
 
 
 
(92
) 
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
1,326
 
  
 
(16
) 
 
 
11
 
Total liabilities
 
 
2,640
 
 
 
(2,681
) 
 
 
(41
) 
 
 
126,627
 
  
 
769
 
 
 
31
 
Total
 
$
(2,954
) 
 
$
3,026
 
 
$
72
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
    2020  
Assets
                                                
Interest rate risk
                                                
Debt securities at amortized cost
  $ 1,377     $ (1,384 )    $ (7 )    $ 59,095      $ 2,572     $ 215  
Financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income
    1,413       (1,414 )      (1 )      66,000        1,812       52  
Loans
    1,834       (1,838 )      (4 )      36,019        2,059       37  
Total assets
    4,624       (4,636 )      (12 )      161,114        6,443       304  
                                                  
Liabilities
                                                
Interest rate risk
                                                
Deposits
    (3,962 )      3,922       (40 )      142,464        4,703       72  
Securitization liabilities at amortized cost
    (201 )      202       1       3,519        230       –  
Subordinated notes and debentures
    (246 )      246       –       2,658        111       (13 ) 
Total liabilities
    (4,409 )      4,370       (39 )      148,641        5,044       59  
Total
  $ 215     $ (266 )    $ (51 )   
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
    2019  
Total
  $ 1,966     $ (1,992 )    $ (26 )   
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
 
The Bank has portfolios of fixed rate financial assets and liabilities whereby the principal amount changes frequently due to originations, issuances, maturities and prepayments. The interest rate risk hedges on these portfolios are rebalanced dynamically.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 60

Cash Flow Hedges and Net Investment Hedges
The following table presents the effects of cash flow hedges and net investment hedges on the Bank’s Consolidated Statement of Income and the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.
 
Cash Flow and Net Investment Hedges
               
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
For the years ended October 31
 
                                  
2021
 
     
Change in value
of hedged items for
ineffectiveness
measurement
   
Change in fair
value of hedging
instruments for
ineffectiveness
measurement
   
Hedge
ineffectiveness
   
Hedging
gains (losses)
recognized in other
comprehensive
income
1
   
Amount reclassified
from accumulated
other comprehensive
income (loss) to
earnings
1
   
Net change
in other
comprehensive
income (loss)
1
 
Cash flow hedges
2
                                                
Interest rate risk
3
  
$
2,084
 
 
$
(2,087
) 
 
$
(3
) 
 
$
(1,682
) 
 
$
1,162
 
 
$
(2,844
) 
Foreign exchange risk
4,5,6
  
 
1,962
 
 
 
(1,962
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(2,441
) 
 
 
(2,604
) 
 
 
163
 
Equity price risk
  
 
(952
) 
 
 
952
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
952
 
 
 
836
 
 
 
116
 
Total cash flow hedges
  
$
3,094
 
 
$
(3,097
) 
 
$
(3
) 
 
$
(3,171
) 
 
$
(606
) 
 
$
(2,565
) 
             
Net investment hedges
  
$
(2,649
) 
 
$
2,649
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
2,649
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
2,649
 
             
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    2020  
Cash flow hedges
2
                                                
Interest rate risk
3
   $ (3,884 )    $ 3,891     $ 7     $ 4,222     $ 609     $ 3,613  
Foreign exchange risk
4,5,6
     (1,129 )      1,122       (7 )      650       1,043       (393 ) 
Equity price risk
     364       (364 )      –       (364 )      (294 )      (70 ) 
Total cash flow hedges
   $ (4,649 )    $ 4,649     $ –     $ 4,508     $ 1,358     $ 3,150  
             
Net investment hedges
   $ 394     $ (394 )    $ –     $ (394 )    $ (2,077 )    $ 1,683  
             
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    2019  
Total cash flow hedges
2
   $ (4,958 )    $ 4,961     $ 3     $ 4,697     $ (673 )    $ 5,370  
             
Net investment hedges
   $ (180 )    $ 180     $ –     $ 180     $ –     $ 180  
 
1
 
Effects on other comprehensive income are presented on a pre-tax basis.
2
 
During the years ended October 31, 2021, October 31, 2020, and October 31, 2019, there were no instances where forecast hedged transactions failed to occur.
3
 
Hedged items include forecast interest cash flows on loans
,
deposits, and securitization liabilities.
4
 
For non-derivative instruments designated as hedging foreign exchange risk, fair value change is measured as the gains and losses due to spot foreign exchange movements.
5
 
Cross-currency swaps may be used to hedge 1) foreign exchange risk, or 2) a combination of interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk in a single hedge relationship. Cross-currency swaps in both types of hedge relationships are disclosed in the above risk category (foreign exchange risk).
6
 
Hedged items include principal and interest cash flows on foreign denominated securities, loans, deposits, other liabilities, and subordinated notes and debentures.
 
Reconciliation of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
1
               
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
For the years ended October 31
 
    
2021
 
     
Accumulated other
comprehensive
income (loss)
at beginning of year
   
Net changes in other
comprehensive
income (loss)
   
Accumulated other
comprehensive
income (loss) at
end of year
   
Accumulated other
comprehensive
income (loss) on
designated hedges
   
Accumulated other
comprehensive
income (loss) on
de-designated hedges
 
Cash flow hedges
                                        
Interest rate risk
  
$
5,216
 
 
$
(2,844
) 
 
$
2,372
 
 
$
(1,063
) 
 
$
3,435
 
Foreign exchange risk
  
 
(40
) 
 
 
163
 
 
 
123
 
 
 
123
 
 
 
–
 
Equity price risk
  
 
(45
) 
 
 
116
 
 
 
71
 
 
 
71
 
 
 
–
 
Total cash flow hedges
  
$
5,131
 
 
$
(2,565
) 
 
$
2,566
 
 
$
(869
) 
 
$
3,435
 
           
Net investment hedges
                                        
           
Foreign translation risk
  
$
(3,826
) 
 
$
2,649
 
 
$
(1,177
) 
 
$
(1,177
) 
 
$
–
 
   
 
     2020  
Cash flow hedges
                                        
Interest rate risk
   $ 1,603     $ 3,613     $ 5,216     $ 1,881     $ 3,335  
Foreign exchange risk
     353       (393 )      (40 )      (40 )      –  
           
Equity price risk
     25       (70 )      (45 )      (45 )      –  
Total cash flow hedges
   $ 1,981     $ 3,150     $ 5,131     $ 1,796     $ 3,335  
           
Net investment hedges
                                        
           
Foreign translation risk
   $ (5,509 )    $ 1,683     $ (3,826 )    $ (3,826 )    $ –  
 
1
 
Presented on a pre-tax basis.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 6
1

(b)
NOTIONAL AMOUNTS
The notional amounts are not recorded as assets or liabilities as they represent the face amount of the contract to which a rate or price is applied to determine the amount of cash flows to be exchanged. Notional amounts do not represent the potential gain or loss associated with the market risk nor are they indicative of the credit risk associated with derivative financial instruments.
The following table discloses the notional amount of OTC and exchange-traded derivatives.
 
Over-the-Counter and Exchange-Traded Derivatives
1
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
As at
 
  
 
October 31
2021

 
  
 
October 31
2020

 
  
 
Trading
 
  
 
  
  
 
Over-the-Counter
2
 
  
  
  
 
  
 
  
 
Clearing
house
 
3
 
 
 
Non
clearing
house
 
 
 
  
 
Exchange-
traded
 
 
  
 
Total
 
  
 
Non-
trading

4
 
 
 
Total
 
  
 
Total
 
Notional
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
  
 
  
  
  
 
  
Futures
  
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
  
$
896,396
 
  
$
896,396
 
  
$
–
 
 
$
896,396
 
   $ 546,034  
Forward rate agreements
  
 
501,519
 
 
 
16,976
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
518,495
 
  
 
831
 
 
 
519,326
 
     1,478,749  
Swaps
  
 
10,575,475
 
 
 
358,754
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
10,934,229
 
  
 
1,586,445
 
 
 
12,520,674
 
     10,366,800  
Options written
  
 
–
 
 
 
71,408
 
  
 
37,057
 
  
 
108,465
 
  
 
493
 
 
 
108,958
 
     366,308  
               
Options purchased
  
 
–
 
 
 
74,010
 
  
 
41,807
 
  
 
115,817
 
  
 
3,133
 
 
 
118,950
 
     453,038  
               
Total interest rate contracts
  
 
11,076,994
 
 
 
521,148
 
  
 
975,260
 
  
 
12,573,402
 
  
 
1,590,902
 
 
 
14,164,304
 
     13,210,929  
Foreign exchange contracts
                                                            
Futures
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
     –  
Forward contracts
  
 
–
 
 
 
189,096
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
189,096
 
  
 
32,500
 
 
 
221,596
 
     148,254  
Swaps
  
 
–
 
 
 
2,366,501
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
2,366,501
 
  
 
589
 
 
 
2,367,090
 
     2,036,494  
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
  
 
–
 
 
 
967,297
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
967,297
 
  
 
72,663
 
 
 
1,039,960
 
     993,460  
Options written
  
 
–
 
 
 
19,156
 
  
 
17
 
  
 
19,173
 
  
 
–
 
 
 
19,173
 
     17,903  
               
Options purchased
  
 
–
 
 
 
16,742
 
  
 
16
 
  
 
16,758
 
  
 
–
 
 
 
16,758
 
     17,920  
               
Total foreign exchange contracts
  
 
–
 
 
 
3,558,792
 
  
 
33
 
  
 
3,558,825
 
  
 
105,752
 
 
 
3,664,577
 
     3,214,031  
Credit derivative contracts
                                                            
Credit default swaps – protection purchased
  
 
8,014
 
 
 
87
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
8,101
 
  
 
3,563
 
 
 
11,664
 
     12,742  
               
Credit default swaps – protection sold
  
 
2,805
 
 
 
158
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
2,963
 
  
 
–
 
 
 
2,963
 
     1,544  
               
Total credit derivative contracts
  
 
10,819
 
 
 
245
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
11,064
 
  
 
3,563
 
 
 
14,627
 
     14,286  
Other contracts
                                                            
Equity contracts
  
 
–
 
 
 
90,810
 
  
 
99,190
 
  
 
190,000
 
  
 
25,716
 
 
 
215,716
 
     176,064  
               
Commodity contracts
  
 
265
 
 
 
52,231
 
  
 
50,847
 
  
 
103,343
 
  
 
–
 
 
 
103,343
 
     103,271  
               
Total other contracts
  
 
265
 
 
 
143,041
 
  
 
150,037
 
  
 
293,343
 
  
 
25,716
 
 
 
319,059
 
     279,335  
               
Total
  
$
11,088,078
 
 
$
4,223,226
 
  
$
1,125,330
 
  
$
16,436,634
 
  
$
1,725,933
 
 
$
18,162,567
 
   $ 16,718,581  
 
 
1
 
Certain comparative amounts have been restated to conform with the presentation adopted in the current year.
2
 
Collateral held under a Credit Support Annex to help reduce counterparty credit risk is in the form of high-quality and liquid assets such as cash and high-quality government securities. Acceptable collateral is governed by the Collateralized Trading Policy.
3
 
Derivatives executed through a central clearing house reduce settlement risk due to the ability to net settle offsetting positions for capital purposes and therefore receive preferential capital treatment compared to those settled with non-central clearing house counterparties.
 
4
As at October 31, 2021, includes
$1,442
 billion of OTC derivatives that are transacted with clearing houses (October 31, 2020 – $1,191 billion) and $284 billion of OTC derivatives that are transacted with non-clearing houses (October 31, 2020 – $357 billion). There were no exchange-traded derivatives both as at October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
The following table distinguishes the notional amount of derivatives held or issued for non-trading purposes between those that have been designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships and those which have not been designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships.
 
Notional of Non-Trading Derivatives
1
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
As at
 
  
 
October 31, 2021
 
  
 
Derivatives in qualifying hedging relationships
 
 
 
Derivatives not in
qualifying hedging
relationships
 
 
 
  
Derivatives held or issued for hedging (non-trading) purposes
  
 
Fair
value
 
 
  
 
Cash
flow
 
2
 
 
 
Net
Investment
 
2
 
  
 
Total
 
Interest rate contracts
  
$
343,266
 
  
$
196,272
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
1,051,364
 
  
$
1,590,902
 
Foreign exchange contracts
  
 
–
 
  
 
93,518
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
12,234
 
  
 
105,752
 
Credit derivative contracts
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
3,563
 
  
 
3,563
 
           
Other contracts
  
 
–
 
  
 
1,655
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
24,061
 
  
 
25,716
 
           
Total notional non-trading
  
$
343,266
 
  
$
291,445
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
1,091,222
 
  
$
1,725,933
 
   
     October 31, 2020  
Interest rate contracts
   $ 313,461      $ 193,897     $ –     $ 878,784      $ 1,386,142  
Foreign exchange contracts
     –        121,263       44       8,855        130,162  
Credit derivative contracts
     –        –       –       4,197        4,197  
           
Other contracts
     –        1,630       –       26,137        27,767  
           
Total notional non-trading
   $ 313,461      $ 316,790     $ 44     $ 917,973      $ 1,548,268  
 
 
1
 
Certain comparative amounts have been restated to conform with the presentation adopted in the current year.
2
 
Certain cross-currency swaps are executed using multiple derivatives, including interest rate swaps. These derivatives are used to hedge foreign exchange rate risk in cash flow hedges and net investment hedges.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 6
2

The following table discloses the notional principal amount of OTC derivatives and exchange-traded derivatives based on their contractual terms to maturity.
 
Derivatives by Remaining Term-to-Maturity
1
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
As at
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
October 31
2021
 
 
  
 
October 31
2020
 
 
Notional Principal
  
 
Within
1 year
 
 
  
 
Over 1 year
to 5 years
 
 
  
 
Over
5 years
 
 
  
 
Total
 
  
 
Total
 
Interest rate contracts
  
  
  
  
  
Futures
  
$
753,637
 
  
$
142,759
 
  
$
–
 
  
$
896,396
 
   $ 546,034  
Forward rate agreements
  
 
511,577
 
  
 
6,975
 
  
 
774
 
  
 
519,326
 
     1,478,749  
Swaps
  
 
3,709,285
 
  
 
5,940,843
 
  
 
2,870,546
 
  
 
12,520,674
 
     10,366,800  
Options written
  
 
61,295
 
  
 
42,264
 
  
 
5,399
 
  
 
108,958
 
     366,308  
           
Options purchased
  
 
68,691
 
  
 
44,084
 
  
 
6,175
 
  
 
118,950
 
     453,038  
           
Total interest rate contracts
  
 
5,104,485
 
  
 
6,176,925
 
  
 
2,882,894
 
  
 
14,164,304
 
     13,210,929  
Foreign exchange contracts
                                            
Futures
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
     –  
Forward contracts
  
 
209,208
 
  
 
10,872
 
  
 
1,516
 
  
 
221,596
 
     148,254  
Swaps
  
 
2,327,855
 
  
 
34,976
 
  
 
4,259
 
  
 
2,367,090
 
     2,036,494  
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
  
 
223,966
 
  
 
578,933
 
  
 
237,061
 
  
 
1,039,960
 
     993,460  
Options written
  
 
17,824
 
  
 
1,349
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
19,173
 
     17,903  
           
Options purchased
  
 
15,209
 
  
 
1,549
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
16,758
 
     17,920  
           
Total foreign exchange contracts
  
 
2,794,062
 
  
 
627,679
 
  
 
242,836
 
  
 
3,664,577
 
     3,214,031  
Credit derivative contracts
                                            
Credit default swaps – protection purchased
  
 
1,887
 
  
 
3,807
 
  
 
5,970
 
  
 
11,664
 
     12,742  
           
Credit default swaps – protection sold
  
 
542
 
  
 
1,636
 
  
 
785
 
  
 
2,963
 
     1,544  
           
Total credit derivative contracts
  
 
2,429
 
  
 
5,443
 
  
 
6,755
 
  
 
14,627
 
     14,286  
Other contracts
                                            
Equity contracts
  
 
155,105
 
  
 
60,539
 
  
 
72
 
  
 
215,716
 
     176,064  
           
Commodity contracts
  
 
86,102
 
  
 
16,996
 
  
 
245
 
  
 
103,343
 
     103,271  
           
Total other contracts
  
 
241,207
 
  
 
77,535
 
  
 
317
 
  
 
319,059
 
     279,335  
           
Total
  
$
8,142,183
 
  
$
6,887,582
 
  
$
3,132,802
 
  
$
18,162,567
 
   $ 16,718,581  
 
1
 
Certain comparative amounts have been restated to conform with the presentation adopted in the current year.
The following table discloses the notional amount and av
e
rage price of derivative instruments designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships.
 
Hedging Instruments by Remaining Term-to-Maturity
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
 
As at
 
    
 
October 31
2021
 
 
    
October 31
2020
 
 
Notional
  
 
Within
1 year
 
 
  
 
Over 1 year
to 5 years
 
 
  
 
Over
5 years
 
 
  
 
Total
 
     Total  
Interest rate risk
                                            
Interest rate swaps
                                            
Notional – pay fixed
  
$
39,887
 
  
$
78,361
 
  
$
86,540
 
  
$
204,788
 
   $ 161,022  
Average fixed interest rate %
  
 
1.14
 
  
 
1.41
 
  
 
1.50
 
                 
Notional – received fixed
  
 
46,931
 
  
 
176,544
 
  
 
25,166
 
  
 
248,641
 
     228,757  
Average fixed interest rate %
  
 
0.64
 
  
 
1.27
 
  
 
1.24
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
           
Total notional – interest rate risk
  
 
86,818
 
  
 
254,905
 
  
 
111,706
 
  
 
453,429
 
     389,779  
Foreign exchange risk
1
                                            
Forward contracts
                                            
Notional – USD/CAD
  
 
680
 
  
 
2,124
 
  
 
76
 
  
 
2,880
 
     1,655  
Average FX forward rate
  
 
1.27
 
  
 
1.29
 
  
 
1.28
 
                 
Notional – EUR/CAD
  
 
2,625
 
  
 
10,834
 
  
 
613
 
  
 
14,072
 
     17,027  
Average FX forward rate
  
 
1.61
 
  
 
1.65
 
  
 
1.62
 
                 
Notional – other
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
     44  
Cross-currency swaps
2,3
                                            
Notional – USD/CAD
  
 
17,567
 
  
 
21,476
 
  
 
1,287
 
  
 
40,330
 
     54,679  
Average FX rate
  
 
1.27
 
  
 
1.30
 
  
 
1.26
 
                 
Notional – EUR/CAD
  
 
329
 
  
 
15,411
 
  
 
2,549
 
  
 
18,289
 
     21,916  
Average FX rate
  
 
1.43
 
  
 
1.51
 
  
 
1.50
 
                 
Notional – GBP/CAD
  
 
2,117
 
  
 
847
 
  
 
334
 
  
 
3,298
 
     5,375  
Average FX rate
  
 
1.68
 
  
 
1.72
 
  
 
1.71
 
                 
Notional – other currency pairs
4
  
 
6,509
 
  
 
7,698
 
  
 
457
 
  
 
14,664
 
     20,608  
           
Total notional – foreign exchange risk
  
 
29,827
 
  
 
58,390
 
  
 
5,316
 
  
 
93,533
 
     121,304  
Equity Price Risk
                                            
Notional – equity contracts
  
 
1,655
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
1,655
 
     1,657  
           
Total notional
  
$
    118,300
 
  
$
    313,295
 
  
$
    117,022
 
  
$
    548,617
 
   $ 512,740  
 
1
 
Foreign currency denominated deposit liabilities are also used to hedge foreign exchange risk. As at October 31, 2021, the carrying value of these non-derivative hedging instruments was $32.4 billion (October 31, 2020 – $27.9 billion) designated under net investment hedges.
2
 
Cross-currency swaps may be used to hedge 1) foreign exchange risk, or 2) a combination of interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk in a single hedge relationship. Cross-currency swaps in both types of hedge relationships are disclosed in the above risk category (foreign exchange risk).
3
 
Certain cross-currency swaps are executed using multiple derivatives, including interest rate swaps. The notional amount of these interest rate swaps, excluded from the above, is $86.1 billion as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $117.6 billion).
4
Includes derivatives executed to manage non-trading foreign currency exposures, when more than one currency is involved prior to hedging to the Canadian dollar, or when the currency pair is not a significant exposure for the Bank.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 6
3

Interest Rate Benchmark Reform
The Bank’s hedging relationships have significant exposure to US LIBOR and GBP LIBOR benchmark rates. As a result of IBOR reform, these benchmark rates are subject to discontinuance, changes in methodology, or can become illiquid when the adoption of ARRs as established benchmark rates increase. Judgment may be required in determining whether certain hedging relationships that involve hedging changes in fair value or variability of cash flows attributable to interest rate or foreign exchange risk continue to qualify for hedge accounting.
Impacted hedging relationships will continue to be monitored for each significant benchmark rate subject to ARR transition. As the new ARRs are likely to differ from the prior benchmark rates, new or revised hedging strategies may be required to better align derivative hedging instruments with hedged items. Given ongoing market developments, the assessment of the impact on the Bank’s hedging strategies and its mitigation plans is progressing.
The following table discloses the notional amount of derivative instruments designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships, disaggregated by significant interest rate benchmark, that have yet to transition to an ARR for contracts maturing after December 31, 2021 for GBP LIBOR and after June 30, 2023 for US LIBOR.
 
Derivative Instruments Designated in Qualifying Hedge Accounting Relationships
1,2
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
As at
 
    
October 31, 2021
     October 31, 2020  
Notional
  
Hedging derivatives maturing after
December 31, 2021 (for GBP LIBOR)
and June 30, 2023 (for US LIBOR)
 
Interest rate risk
                 
Interest rate swaps
                 
US LIBOR
  
$
183,399
 
   $ 158,428  
GBP LIBOR
  
 
–
 
     –  
Foreign exchange risk
                 
Interest rate swaps
                 
US LIBOR
  
 
13,347
 
     9,792  
GBP LIBOR
  
 
1,694
 
     1,726  
Cross-currency swaps
3
                 
US LIBOR
  
 
18,288
 
     14,301  
GBP LIBOR
  
 
1,694
 
     2,589  
     
Total
  
$
218,422
 
   $ 186,836  
 
1
 
US LIBOR transitioning to SOFR. GBP LIBOR transitioning to SONIA.
2
 
Excludes hedging derivatives which reference rates in multi-rate jurisdictions, including Canadian Dollar Offered Rate.
3
Cross-currency swaps may be used to hedge foreign exchange risk or a combination of interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk in a single hedge relationship. Both these types of hedges are disclosed under the Foreign exchange risk as the risk category.
 
(c)
DERIVATIVE-RELATED RISKS
Market Risk
Derivatives, in the absence of any compensating upfront cash payments, generally have no market value at inception. They obtain value, positive or negative, as relevant interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity, commodity or credit prices or indices change, such that the previously contracted terms of the derivative transactions have become more or less favourable than what can be negotiated under current market conditions for contracts with the same terms and the same remaining period to expiry.
The potential for derivatives to increase or decrease in value as a result of the foregoing factors is generally referred to as market risk.
Credit Risk
Credit risk on derivatives, also known as counterparty credit risk, is the risk of a financial loss occurring as a result of the failure of a counterparty to meet its obligation to the Bank.
Derivative-related credit risks are subject to the same credit approval, limit and monitoring standards that are used for managing other transactions that create credit exposure. This includes evaluating the creditworthiness of counterparties, and managing the size, diversification and maturity structure of the portfolios. The Bank actively engages in risk mitigation strategies through the use of multi-product derivative master netting agreements, collateral and other risk mitigation techniques. Master netting agreements reduce risk to the Bank by allowing the Bank to close out and net transactions with counterparties subject to such agreements upon the occurrence of certain events. The current replacement cost and credit equivalent amount shown in the following table are based on the standardized approach for counterparty credit risk. According to this approach, the current replacement cost accounts for the fair value of the positions, posted and received collateral, and master netting agreement clauses. The credit equivalent amount is the sum of the current replacement cost and the potential future exposure, which is calculated by applying factors determined by OSFI to the notional principal amount of the derivatives. The
risk-weighted
amount is determined by applying the adequate risk weights to the credit equivalent amount.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
 
Page 64

Credit Exposure of Derivatives
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
 
                             
 
As at
 
    
 
October 31, 2021
 
     October 31, 2020  
    
 

 
Current
replacement
cost
 
 
 
  
 

 
Credit
equivalent
amount
 
 
 
  
 

 
Risk-
weighted
amount
 
 
 
    
 
Current
replacement
cost
 
 
 
    
 
Credit
equivalent
amount
 
 
 
    
 
Risk-
weighted
amount
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts
                                                     
Forward rate agreements
  
$
15
 
  
$
275
 
  
$
164
 
   $ 20      $ 325      $ 229  
Swaps
  
 
2,117
 
  
 
7,817
 
  
 
1,710
 
     4,347        10,607        2,641  
Options written
  
 
4
 
  
 
71
 
  
 
18
 
     33        129        36  
             
Options purchased
  
 
33
 
  
 
114
 
  
 
31
 
     5        75        23  
             
Total interest rate contracts
  
 
2,169
 
  
 
8,277
 
  
 
1,923
 
     4,405        11,136        2,929  
Foreign exchange contracts
                                                     
Forward contracts
  
 
558
 
  
 
2,799
 
  
 
465
 
     465        2,364        353  
Swaps
  
 
2,799
 
  
 
18,649
 
  
 
1,975
 
     1,999        15,638        1,370  
Cross-currency interest rate swaps
  
 
1,490
 
  
 
10,075
 
  
 
1,170
 
     2,087        10,422        1,500  
Options written
  
 
7
 
  
 
145
 
  
 
52
 
     29        135        44  
             
Options purchased
  
 
22
 
  
 
132
 
  
 
64
 
     8        104        28  
             
Total foreign exchange contracts
  
 
4,876
 
  
 
31,800
 
  
 
3,726
 
     4,588        28,663        3,295  
Other contracts
                                                     
Credit derivatives
  
 
3
 
  
 
426
 
  
 
88
 
     3        508        123  
Equity contracts
  
 
252
 
  
 
7,129
 
  
 
1,390
 
     689        8,513        1,376  
             
Commodity contracts
  
 
1,524
 
  
 
5,176
 
  
 
1,340
 
     714        3,610        975  
             
Total other contracts
  
 
1,779
 
  
 
12,731
 
  
 
2,818
 
     1,406        12,631        2,474  
Total derivatives
  
 
8,824
 
  
 
52,808
 
  
 
8,467
 
     10,399        52,430        8,698  
             
Qualifying Central Counterparty (QCCP) Contracts
  
 
5,937
 
  
 
20,945
 
  
 
611
 
     3,274        14,150        410  
Total
  
$
14,761
 
  
$
73,753
 
  
$
9,078
 
   $ 13,673      $ 66,580      $ 9,108  
 
Current Replacement Cost of Derivatives
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
 
  
  
  
  
 
 
As at
 
  
 
Canada
1
 
  
 
United States
1
 
  
 
Other international
1
 
  
 
Total
 
By sector
  
 
October 31
2021
 
 
  
 
October 31
2020
 
 
  
 
October 31
2021
 
 
  
 
October 31
2020
 
 
  
 
October 31
2021
 
 
  
 
October 31
2020
 
 
  
 
October 31
2021
 
 
 
 
October 31
2020
 
 
Financial
  
$
2,962
 
   $ 2,562     
$
64
 
   $ 123     
$
223
 
   $ 309     
$
3,249
 
  $ 2,994  
Government
  
 
1,389
 
     2,156     
 
13
 
     26     
 
180
 
     116     
 
1,582
 
    2,298  
                 
Other
  
 
2,202
 
     2,092     
 
1,228
 
     2,397     
 
563
 
     618     
 
3,993
 
    5,107  
Total current replacement cost
  
$
6,553
 
   $ 6,810     
$
1,305
 
   $ 2,546     
$
966
 
   $ 1,043     
$
8,824
 
  $ 10,399  
By location of risk
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
October 31
2021
 
 
  
 
October 31
2020
 
 
  
 
October 31
2021
% mix
 
 
 
 
 
October 31
2020
% mix
 
 
 
Canada
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
$
2,419
 
  
$
3,752
 
  
 
27.4
% 
 
 
36.1
% 
36.1 36.1 36.1 36.1
United States
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
3,336
 
  
 
4,078
 
  
 
37.8
 
 
 
39.2
 
Other international
  
  
  
  
  

  

  

 

United Kingdom
  
  
  
  
  
 
656
 
  
 
371
 
  
 
7.4
 
 
 
3.6
 
Europe – other
  
  
  
  
  
 
1,243
 
  
 
1,414
 
  
 
14.1
 
 
 
13.6
 
Other
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
1,170
 
  
 
784
 
  
 
13.3
 
 
 
7.5
 
7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
Total Other international
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
3,069
 
  
 
2,569
 
  
 
34.8
 
 
 
24.7
 
Total current replacement cost
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
$
8,824
 
  
$
10,399
 
  
 
100.0
% 
 
 
100.0
% 
 
1
 
Based on geographic location of unit responsible for recording revenue.
Certain of the Bank’s derivative contracts are governed by master derivative agreements having provisions that may permit the Bank’s counterparties to require, upon the occurrence of a certain contingent event: (1) the posting of collateral or other acceptable remedy such as assignment of the affected contracts to an acceptable counterparty; or (2) settlement of outstanding derivative contracts. Most often, these contingent events are in the form of a downgrade of the senior debt rating of the Bank, either as counterparty or as guarantor of one of the Bank’s subsidiaries. At October 31, 2021, the aggregate net liability position of those contracts would require: (1) the posting of collateral or other acceptable remedy totalling $73 million (October 31, 2020 – $120 million) in the event of a one-notch or two-notch downgrade in the Bank’s senior debt rating; and (2) funding totalling nil (October 31, 2020 – nil) following the termination and settlement of outstanding derivative contracts in the event of a one-notch or two-notch downgrade in the Bank’s senior debt rating.
Certain of the Bank’s derivative contracts are governed by master derivative agreements having credit support provisions that permit the Bank’s counterparties to call for collateral depending on the net mark-to-market exposure position of all derivative contracts governed by that master derivative agreement. Some of these agreements may permit the Bank’s counterparties to require, upon the downgrade of the credit rating of the Bank, to post additional collateral. As at October 31, 2021, the fair value of all derivative instruments with credit risk related contingent features in a net liability position was $12 billion (October 31, 2020 – $11 billion). The Bank has posted $15 billion (October 31, 2020 – $14 billion) of collateral for this exposure in the normal course of business. As at October 31, 2021, the impact of a one-notch downgrade in the Bank’s credit rating would require the Bank to post an additional $182 million (October 31, 2020 – $202 million) of collateral to that posted in the normal course of business. A two-notch downgrade in the Bank’s credit rating would require the Bank to post an additional $266 million (October 31, 2020 – $249 million) of collateral to that posted in the normal course of business.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 6
5

NOTE 12:  INVESTMENT IN ASSOCIATES AND JOINT VENTURES
INVESTMENT IN THE CHARLES SCHWAB CORPORATION
The Bank has significant influence over The Charles Schwab Corporation (“Schwab”) and the ability to participate in the financial and operating policy-making decisions of Schwab through a combination of the Bank’s ownership, board representation and the insured deposit account agreement between the Bank and Schwab (the “Schwab IDA Agreement”). As such, the Bank accounts for its investment in Schwab using the equity method. The Bank’s share of Schwab’s earnings available to common shareholders is reported with a one-month lag. The Bank takes into account changes in the subsequent period that would significantly affect the results.
As at October 31, 2021, the Bank’s reported investment in Schwab was 13.41% (October 31, 2020 – 13.51%) of the outstanding voting and non-voting common shares of Schwab with a fair value of $26 billion (US$21 billion) (October 31, 2020 – $14 billion (US$10 billion)) based on the closing price of US$82.03 (October 31, 2020 – US$41.11) on the New York Stock Exchange.
The Bank and Schwab are party to a stockholder agreement (the “Stockholder Agreement”) under which the Bank has the right to designate two members of Schwab’s Board of Directors and has representation on two Board Committees, subject to the Bank meeting certain conditions. The Bank’s designated directors currently are the Bank’s Group President and Chief Executive Officer and the Bank’s Chair of the Board. Under the Stockholder Agreement, the Bank is not permitted to own more than 9.9% voting common shares of Schwab, and the Bank is subject to customary standstill restrictions and, subject to certain exceptions, transfer restrictions. In addition, the Schwab IDA Agreement has an initial expiration date of July 1, 2031. Refer to Note 28 for further details on the Schwab IDA Agreement.
The condensed financial statements of Schwab, based on its most recent published consolidated financial statements, are included in the following tables. The carrying value of the Bank’s investment in Schwab of $11.1 billion as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $12.2 billion) represents the Bank’s share of Schwab’s stockholders’ equity, adjusted for goodwill, other intangibles, and cumulative translation adjustment. The Bank’s share of net income from its investment in Schwab of $785 million during the year ended October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – n/a), reflects net income after adjustments for amortization of certain intangibles net of tax.
 
                                        
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
        
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
As at
 
    
 
September 30
2021
 
 
Assets
        
Receivables from brokerage clients, net
  
$
107,118
 
Available for sale securities
  
 
466,536
 
   
Other assets
  
 
178,247
 
Total assets
  
$
751,901
 
Liabilities
        
Bank deposits
  
$
489,192
 
Payable to brokerage clients
  
 
139,913
 
   
Other liabilities
  
 
51,706
 
   
Total liabilities
  
 
680,811
 
   
Stockholders’ equity
  
 
71,090
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  
$
751,901
 
 
     
                                
 
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income
       
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
 
 
For the year ended
 
   
 
September 30, 2021
 
Net Revenues
       
Net interest revenue
 
$
9,726
 
Asset management and administration fees
 
 
5,246
 
   
Trading revenue and other
 
 
7,759
 
   
Total net revenues
 
 
22,731
 
Expenses Excluding Interest
       
Compensation and benefits
 
 
6,894
 
   
Other
 
 
6,788
 
   
Total expenses excluding interest
 
 
13,682
 
Income before taxes on income
 
 
9,049
 
   
Taxes on income
 
 
2,216
 
Net income
 
 
6,833
 
   
Preferred stock dividends and other
 
 
566
 
   
Net Income available to common stockholders
 
 
6,267
 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
 
 
(5,676
) 
Total comprehensive income
 
$
591
 
Earnings per common shares outstanding – basic (Canadian dollars)
 
$
3.34
 
   
Earnings per common shares outstanding – diluted (Canadian dollars)
 
 
3.32
 
INVESTMENT IN TD AMERITRADE HOLDING CORPORATION
On October 6, 2020, Schwab completed its acquisition of TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation (“TD Ameritrade”), of which the Bank was a major shareholder (the “Schwab transaction”). Under the terms of the Schwab transaction, all TD Ameritrade shareholders, including the Bank, exchanged each TD Ameritrade share they owned for 1.0837 common shares of Schwab. Upon closing, the Bank exchanged its approximately 43% ownership in TD Ameritrade for an approximately 13.5% stake in Schwab, consisting of 9.9% voting common shares and the remainder in non-voting common shares, convertible into voting common shares upon transfer to a third party. The Bank recognized a net gain on sale of its investment in TD Ameritrade of $1.4 billion ($2.3 billion after-tax) in the fourth quarter of 2020, which was recorded in Other income (loss) on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The gain was primarily related to the revaluation on sale of the Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade, after elimination of the unrealized portion relating to the Bank’s ownership in Schwab, and the release of a deferred tax liability related to the
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 6
6

Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade, and after transaction costs. The Bank also released the cumulative foreign currency translation gains (losses) from AOCI related to the Bank’s foreign investment in TD Ameritrade on the sale of its investment, with an offsetting AOCI release of the designated hedging items and related taxes against this foreign investment. The transaction had an approximately neutral impact on Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) at closing.
Prior to completion of the Schwab transaction, the Bank had significant influence over TD Ameritrade and accounted for its investment in TD Ameritrade using the equity method. The Bank’s share of TD Ameritrade’s earnings, excluding dividends, was reported with a one-month lag.
Pursuant to the stockholders agreement in relation to the Bank’s equity investment in TD Ameritrade, the Bank had the right to designate five of twelve members of TD Ameritrade’s Board of Directors. Immediately prior to completion of the Schwab transaction, the Bank’s designated directors were the Bank’s Group President and Chief Executive Officer and four independent directors of TD or TD’s U.S. subsidiaries.
The condensed financial statements of TD Ameritrade, based on its consolidated financial statements, are included in the following tables.
 
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
1
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
As at
 
 
     September 30
2020
 
 
Assets
        
Receivables from brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations
   $ 2,070  
Receivables from clients, net
     36,938  
   
Other assets, net
     36,223  
Total assets
   $ 75,231  
Liabilities
        
Payable to brokers, dealers, and clearing organizations
   $ 4,307  
Payable to clients
     50,382  
   
Other liabilities
     7,174  
   
Total liabilities
     61,863  
   
Stockholders’ equity
     13,368  
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
   $ 75,231  
 
1
 
Customers’ securities are reported on a settlement date basis whereas the Bank reports customers’ securities on a trade date basis.
 
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
 
 
For the years ended September 30
 
 
    2020        2019  
Revenues
                
Net interest revenue
  $ 1,873      $ 2,036  
     
Fee-based and other revenue
    6,202        5,947  
     
Total revenues
    8,075        7,983  
Operating expenses
                
Employee compensation and benefits
    1,905        1,756  
     
Other
    2,388        2,245  
     
Total operating expenses
    4,293        4,001  
     
Other expense (income)
    143        94  
Pre-tax income
    3,639        3,888  
     
Provision for income taxes
    910        957  
Net income
1
  $ 2,729      $ 2,931  
Earnings per share – basic (Canadian dollars)
  $ 5.04      $ 5.27  
     
Earnings per share – diluted (Canadian dollars)
    5.02        5.26  
 
1
 
The Bank’s share of TD Ameritrade’s earnings is based on the published consolidated financial statements of TD Ameritrade after converting into Canadian dollars and is subject to adjustments relating to the amortization of certain intangibles.
INVESTMENT IN OTHER ASSOCIATES OR JOINT VENTURES
Except for Schwab as disclosed above, the Bank did not have investments in associates or joint ventures which were individually material as of October 31, 2021, or October 31, 2020. The carrying amount of the Bank’s investment in other associates and joint ventures as at October 31, 2021 was $3.3 billion (October 31, 2020 – $3.4 billion).
Other associates and joint ventures consisted predominantly of investments in private funds or partnerships that make equity investments, provide debt financing or support community-based tax-advantaged investments. The investments in these entities generate a return primarily through the realization of U.S. federal and state income tax credits, including Low Income Housing Tax Credits, New Markets Tax Credits, and Historic Tax Credits.
NOTE 13:  SIGNIFICANT ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSALS
The Bank completed two acquisitions during fiscal 2021:
Acquisition of Wells Fargo & Company’s Canadian Direct Equipment Finance Business
On May 1, 2021, the Bank acquired the Canadian Direct Equipment Finance business of Wells Fargo & Company. The results of the acquired business have been consolidated from the acquisition date and included in the Canadian Retail segment.
Acquisition of Headlands Tech Global Markets, LLC
On July 1, 2021, the Bank acquired Headlands Tech Global Markets, LLC, a Chicago based quantitative fixed income trading company. The results of the acquired business have been consolidated from the acquisition date and included in the Wholesale segment.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 6
7

These acquisitions were accounted for as business combinations under the purchase method. The excess of accounting consideration over the fair value of tangible net assets acquired is allocated to other intangibles and goodwill.
Agreement for Air Canada Credit Card Loyalty Program
On January 10, 2019, the Bank’s long-term loyalty program agreement (the “Loyalty Agreement”) with Air Canada became effective in conjunction with Air Canada completing its acquisition of Aimia Canada Inc., which operates the Aeroplan loyalty business (the “Transaction”). Under the terms of the Loyalty Agreement, the Bank became the primary credit card issuer for Air Canada’s new loyalty program when it launched in November 2020 through to 2030. TD Aeroplan cardholders became members of Air Canada’s new loyalty program and their miles were transitioned when Air Canada’s new loyalty program launched in 2020.
In connection with the Transaction, the Bank paid $622 million plus applicable sales tax to Air Canada, of which $547 million ($446 million after sales and income taxes) was recognized in Non-interest expenses – Other on the Consolidated Statement of Income, and $75 million was recognized as an intangible asset which will be amortized over the Loyalty Agreement term. In addition, the Bank prepaid $308 million plus applicable sales tax for the future purchase of loyalty points over a ten-year period.
Acquisition of Greystone Managed Investments Inc.
On November 1, 2018, the Bank acquired 100% of the outstanding equity of Greystone Capital Management Inc., the parent company of Greystone Managed Investments Inc. (“Greystone”) for consideration of $821 million, of which $479 million was paid in cash and $342 million was paid in the Bank’s common shares. The value of 4.7 million common shares issued as consideration was based on the volume weighted-average market price of the Bank’s common shares over the 10 trading day period immediately preceding the fifth business day prior to the acquisition date and was recorded based on market price at close. Common shares of $167 million issued to employee shareholders in respect of the purchase price were held in escrow for two years post-acquisition up to November 1, 2020, subject to their continued employment, and were recorded as a compensation expense over the two-year escrow period.
The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination under the purchase method. As at November 1, 2018, the acquisition contributed $165 million of assets and $46 million of liabilities. The excess of accounting consideration over the fair value of the identifiable net assets was allocated to customer relationship intangibles of $140 million, deferred tax liability of $37 million, and goodwill of $432 million. Goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. The results of the acquisition have been consolidated from the acquisition date and reported in the Canadian Retail segment.
 
NOTE 14:  GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES
The recoverable amount of the Bank’s CGUs is determined from internally developed valuation models that consider various factors and assumptions such as forecasted earnings, growth rates, discount rates, and terminal growth rates. Management is required to use judgment in estimating the recoverable amount of CGUs, and the use of different assumptions and estimates in the calculations could influence the determination of the existence of impairment and the valuation of goodwill. Management believes that the assumptions and estimates used are reasonable and supportable. Where possible, assumptions generated internally are compared to relevant market information. The carrying amounts of the Bank’s CGUs are determined by management using risk-based capital models to adjust net assets and liabilities by CGU. These models consider various factors including market risk, credit risk, and operational risk, including investment capital (comprised of goodwill and other intangibles). Any capital not directly attributable to the CGUs is held within the Corporate segment. As at the date of the last impairment test, the amount of capital was approximately $25.3 billion and primarily related to treasury assets and excess capital managed within the Corporate segment. The Bank’s capital oversight committees provide oversight to the Bank’s capital allocation methodologies.
Key Assumptions
The recoverable amount of each CGU or group of CGUs has been determined based on its estimated value-in-use. In assessing value-in-use, estimated future cash flows based on the Bank’s internal forecast are discounted using an appropriate pre-tax discount rate.
The following were the key assumptions applied in the goodwill impairment testing:
Discount Rate
The pre-tax discount rates used reflect current market assessments of the risks specific to each group of CGUs and are dependent on the risk profile and capital requirements of each group of CGUs.
Terminal Value
The earnings included in the goodwill impairment testing for each operating segment were based on the Bank’s internal forecast, which projects expected cash flows over the next five years. Beyond the Bank’s internal forecast, cash flows were assumed to grow at a steady terminal growth rate. Terminal growth rates were based on the expected long-term growth of gross domestic product and inflation and ranged from 2.0% to 3.8% (2020 – 2.0% to 4.0%).
In considering the sensitivity of the key assumptions discussed above, management determined that a reasonable change in any of the above would not result in the recoverable amount of any of the groups of CGUs to be less than their carrying amount.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 
68

Goodwill by Segment
                            
         
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
Canadian
Retail
   
U.S.
Retail
1
   
Wholesale
Banking
   
Total
 
Carrying amount of goodwill as at November 1, 2019
   $     2,836     $     13,980     $     160     $     16,976  
         
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other
     10       162       –       172  
         
Carrying amount of goodwill as at October 31, 2020
2
   $ 2,846     $ 14,142     $ 160     $ 17,148  
Additions (disposals)
  
 
40
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
116
 
 
 
156
 
         
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other
  
 
(62
) 
 
 
(1,008
) 
 
 
(2
) 
 
 
(1,072
) 
Carrying amount of goodwill as at October 31, 2021
2
  
$
2,824
 
 
$
13,134
 
 
$
274
 
 
$
16,232
 
         
Pre-tax discount rates
                                
2020
     9.7–11.0  %      9.2–11.8  %      12.7  %         
2021
  
 
9.6–11.0
 
 
 
9.4–10.0
 
 
 
13.3
 
       
 
1
 
Goodwill predominantly relates to U.S. personal and commercial banking.
2
 
Accumulated impairment as at October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020 was nil.
OTHER INTANGIBLES
The following table presents details of other intangibles as at October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
 
Other Intangibles
                                          
             
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
Core deposit
intangibles
   
Credit card
related
intangibles
   
Internally
generated
software
   
Other
software
   
Other
intangibles
   
Total
 
Cost
                                                
As at November 1, 2019
   $     2,576     $     842     $     2,927     $     295     $     743     $     7,383  
Additions
     –       –       327       44       41       412  
Disposals
     –       –       (55 )      (25 )      –       (80 ) 
Fully amortized intangibles
     –       –       (391 )      (37 )      –       (428 ) 
             
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other
     30       2       26       1       6       65  
             
As at October 31, 2020
   $ 2,606     $ 844     $ 2,834     $ 278     $ 790     $ 7,352  
Additions
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
401
 
 
 
58
 
 
 
310
 
 
 
769
 
Disposals
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(275
) 
 
 
(5
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(280
) 
Fully amortized intangibles
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(251
) 
 
 
(75
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(326
) 
             
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other
  
 
(186
) 
 
 
(10
) 
 
 
(84
) 
 
 
(11
) 
 
 
(41
) 
 
 
(332
) 
As at October 31, 2021
  
$
2,420
 
 
$
834
 
 
$
2,625
 
 
$
245
 
 
$
1,059
 
 
$
7,183
 
                                                  
Amortization and impairment
                                                
As at November 1, 2019
   $ 2,481     $ 628     $ 1,167     $ 191     $ 413     $ 4,880  
Disposals
     –       –       (32 )      (25 )      –       (57 ) 
Impairment losses
 (reversals)
     –       –       4       –       13       17  
Amortization charge for the year
     54       60       528       73       66       781  
Fully amortized intangibles
     –       –       (391 )      (37 )      –       (428 ) 
             
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other
     28       2       (1 )      2       3       34  
             
As at October 31, 2020
   $ 2,563     $ 690     $ 1,275     $ 204     $ 495     $ 5,227  
Disposals
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(272
) 
 
 
(5
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(277
) 
Impairment losses
 
(reversals)
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(4
) 
 
 
(4
) 
Amortization charge for the year
  
 
29
 
 
 
61
 
 
 
487
 
 
 
53
 
 
 
76
 
 
 
706
 
Fully amortized intangibles
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(251
) 
 
 
(75
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(326
) 
             
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other
  
 
(184
) 
 
 
(11
) 
 
 
(32
) 
 
 
(12
) 
 
 
(27
) 
 
 
(266
) 
As at October 31, 2021
  
$
2,408
 
 
$
740
 
 
$
1,207
 
 
$
165
 
 
$
540
 
 
$
5,060
 
Net Book Value:
                                                
As at October 31, 2020
   $ 43     $ 154     $ 1,559     $ 74     $ 295     $ 2,125  
As at October 31, 2021
  
 
12
 
 
 
94
 
 
 
1,418
 
 
 
80
 
 
 
519
 
 
 
2,123
 
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 
69

NOTE 15:  LAND, BUILDINGS, EQUIPMENT, AND OTHER DEPRECIABLE ASSETS
The following table presents details of the Bank’s land, buildings, equipment, and other depreciable assets as at October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
Land, Buildings, Equipment, and Other Depreciable Assets
1
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
Land
   
Buildings
   
Computer
equipment
   
Furniture,
fixtures,
and other
depreciable
assets
   
Leasehold
improvements
   
Total
 
Cost
                                                
As at November 1, 2019
   $     987     $     2,510     $     732     $     1,351     $     3,062     $     8,642  
Additions
     1       152       233       149       380       915  
Disposals
     (1 )      (16 )      (76 )      (74 )      (71 )      (238 ) 
Fully depreciated assets
     –       (44 )      (90 )      (20 )      (69 )      (223 ) 
             
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other
     (19 )      (107 )      4       (10 )      8       (124 ) 
             
As at October 31, 2020
     968       2,495       803       1,396       3,310       8,972  
Additions
  
 
2
 
 
 
144
 
 
 
179
 
 
 
131
 
 
 
235
 
 
 
691
 
Disposals
  
 
(1
) 
 
 
(87
) 
 
 
(31
) 
 
 
(67
) 
 
 
(137
) 
 
 
(323
) 
Fully depreciated assets
  
 
–
 
 
 
(27
) 
 
 
(126
) 
 
 
(68
) 
 
 
(108
) 
 
 
(329
) 
             
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other
2
  
 
(93
) 
 
 
(171
) 
 
 
(7
) 
 
 
(50
) 
 
 
(143
) 
 
 
(464
) 
As at October 31, 2021
  
$
876
 
 
$
2,354
 
 
$
818
 
 
$
1,342
 
 
$
3,157
 
 
$
8,547
 
                                                  
Accumulated depreciation and impairment losses
                                                
As at November 1, 2019
   $ –     $ 939     $ 355     $ 648     $ 1,502     $ 3,444  
Depreciation charge for the year
     –       179       172       156       170       677  
Disposals
     –       (28 )      (48 )      (62 )      (42 )      (180 ) 
Impairment losses
     –       53       3       –       –       56  
Fully depreciated assets
     –       (44 )      (90 )      (20 )      (69 )      (223 ) 
             
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other
     –       (123 )      (18 )      (3 )      25       (119 ) 
             
As at October 31, 2020
     –       976       374       719       1,586       3,655  
Depreciation charge for the year
  
 
–
 
 
 
103
 
 
 
157
 
 
 
153
 
 
 
256
 
 
 
669
 
Disposals
  
 
–
 
 
 
(84
) 
 
 
(28
) 
 
 
(66
) 
 
 
(135
) 
 
 
(313
) 
Impairment losses
  
 
–
 
 
 
54
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
54
 
Fully depreciated assets
  
 
–
 
 
 
(27
) 
 
 
(126
) 
 
 
(68
) 
 
 
(108
) 
 
 
(329
) 
             
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other
2
  
 
–
 
 
 
(115
) 
 
 
(2
) 
 
 
(17
) 
 
 
(66
) 
 
 
(200
) 
As at October 31, 2021
  
$
–
 
 
$
907
 
 
$
375
 
 
$
721
 
 
$
1,533
 
 
$
3,536
 
                                                  
Net Book Value Excluding Right-of-Use Assets:
                                                
As at October 31, 2020
   $ 968     $ 1,519     $ 429     $ 677     $ 1,724     $ 5,317  
             
As at October 31, 2021
  
 
876
 
 
 
1,447
 
 
 
443
 
 
 
621
 
 
 
1,624
 
 
 
5,011
 
 
1
 
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current year.
2
 
Includes adjustments to reclassify premises related non-current assets held-for-sale to other assets.
The following table presents details of the Bank’s ROU assets as recorded in accordance with IFRS 16. Refer to Note 18: Other Liabilities, and Note 27: Provisions, Contingent Liabilities, Commitments, Guarantees, Pledged Assets and Collateral for the related lease liabilities details.
Right-of-Use Assets Net Book Value
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
Land
   
Buildings
   
Computer
equipment
   
Total
 
         
As at November 1, 2019
   $     1,027     $     3,377     $     59     $     4,463  
Additions
     2       733       –       735  
Depreciation
     (98 )      (476 )      (17 )      (591 ) 
Reassessments, modifications, and variable lease payment adjustments
     14       186       –       200  
Terminations and impairment
     (2 )      (18 )      –       (20 ) 
         
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other
     13       19       –       32  
         
As at October 31, 2020
   $ 956     $ 3,821     $ 42     $ 4,819  
Additions
  
 
–
 
 
 
119
 
 
 
52
 
 
 
171
 
Depreciation
  
 
(87
) 
 
 
(534
) 
 
 
(16
) 
 
 
(637
) 
Reassessments, modifications, and variable lease payment adjustments
  
 
19
 
 
 
84
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
103
 
Terminations and impairment
  
 
(38
) 
 
 
(83
) 
 
 
(24
) 
 
 
(145
) 
         
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other
  
 
(70
) 
 
 
(71
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(141
) 
As at October 31, 2021
  
$
780
 
 
$
3,336
 
 
$
54
 
 
$
4,170
 
Total Land, Buildings, Equipment, and Other Depreciable Assets Net Book Value
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
Land
    
Buildings
    
Computer
equipment
    
Furniture,
fixtures,
and other
depreciable
assets
    
Leasehold
improvements
    
Total
 
As at October 31, 2020
   $     1,924      $     5,340      $     471      $     677      $     1,724      $     10,136  
             
As at October 31, 2021
  
 
1,656
 
  
 
4,783
 
  
 
497
 
  
 
621
 
  
 
1,624
 
  
 
9,181
 
 
1
 
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current year.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 7
0

NOTE 16:  OTHER ASSETS
Other Assets
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)           
As at
 
     
     
October 31
2021
     October 31
2020
 
Accounts receivable and other items
  
$
    9,144
 
   $     10,799  
Accrued interest
  
 
2,196
 
     2,336  
Current income tax receivable
  
 
1,862
 
     2,294  
Defined benefit asset
  
 
637
 
     9  
Insurance-related assets, excluding investments
  
 
2,040
 
     2,268  
     
Prepaid expenses
  
 
1,300
 
     1,150  
Total
  
$
17,179
 
   $ 18,856  
 
NOTE 17:  DEPOSITS
Demand deposits are those for which the Bank does not have the right to require notice prior to withdrawal. These deposits are in general chequing accounts.
Notice deposits are those for which the Bank can legally require notice prior to withdrawal. These deposits are in general savings accounts.
Term deposits are those payable on a fixed date of maturity purchased by customers to earn interest over a fixed period. The terms are from one day to ten years. The deposits are generally term deposits, guaranteed investment certificates, senior debt, and similar instruments. The aggregate amount of term deposits in denominations of $100,000 or more as at October 31, 2021 was $283 billion (October 31, 2020 – $287 billion).
 
Deposits
                                                                             
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
As at
 
    
By Type
          
By Country
          
October 31
2021
     October 31
2020
 
     
Demand
    
Notice
    
Term
1
          
Canada
    
United States
    
International
          
Total
     Total  
Personal
  
$
  23,116
 
  
$
  559,301
 
  
$
  51,081
 
          
$
  296,487
 
  
$
337,011
 
  
$
–
 
          
$
633,498
 
   $ 625,200  
Banks
2
  
 
11,312
 
  
 
196
 
  
 
9,409
 
          
 
18,082
 
  
 
25
 
  
 
2,810
 
          
 
20,917
 
     28,969  
Business and government
3
  
 
135,764
 
  
 
219,845
 
  
 
115,101
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
316,879
 
  
 
151,584
 
  
 
2,247
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
470,710
 
     481,164  
 
  
 
170,192
 
  
 
779,342
 
  
 
175,591
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
631,448
 
  
 
488,620
 
  
 
5,057
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
1,125,125
 
     1,135,333  
Trading
2
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
22,891
 
          
 
11,812
 
  
 
3,567
 
  
 
7,512
 
          
 
22,891
 
     19,177  
Designated
 
at fair value through profit or loss
2,4
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
113,905
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
56,007
 
  
 
36,050
 
  
 
21,848
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
113,905
 
     59,626  
Total
  
$
170,192
 
  
$
779,342
 
  
$
312,387
 
 
 
 
 
  
$
699,267
 
  
$
  528,237
 
  
$
  34,417
 
 
 
 
 
  
$
  1,261,921
 
   $   1,214,136  
Non-interest-bearing deposits included above
                                                                                       
In domestic offices
                                                                        
$
72,705
 
   $ 55,920  
In foreign offices
                                                                        
 
82,756
 
     76,099  
Interest-bearing deposits included above
                                                                                       
In domestic offices
                                                                        
 
626,562
 
     604,625  
In foreign offices
                                                                        
 
479,890
 
     472,913  
U.S. federal funds deposited
2
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
8
 
     4,579  
Total
3,5
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
$
1,261,921
 
   $ 1,214,136  
 
1
 
Includes $43.1 billion (October 31, 2020 – $27.6 billion) of senior debt which is subject to the bank recapitalization “bail-in” regime. This regime provides certain statutory powers to the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, including the ability to convert specified eligible shares and liabilities into common shares in the event that the Bank becomes non-viable.
2
 
Includes deposits and advances with the FHLB.
3
 
Includes $25.1 billion relating to covered bondholders (October 31, 2020 – $40.5 billion) and $0.5 billion (October 31, 2020 – $1.2 billion) due to TD Capital Trust IV.
4
 
Financial liabilities designated at FVTPL on the Consolidated Balance Sheet also includes $83 million (October 31, 2020 – $39 million) of loan commitments and financial guarantees designated at FVTPL.
5
 
Includes deposits of $719 billion (October 31, 2020 – $708 billion) denominated in U.S. dollars and $44 billion (October 31, 2020 – $44 billion) denominated in other foreign currencies.
 
Term Deposits by Remaining Term-to-Maturity
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)  
As at
 
          
October 31
2021
   
October 31
2020
 
    
Within
1 year
   
Over
1 year to
2 years
   
Over
2 years to
3 years
   
Over
3 years to
4 years
   
Over
4 years to
5 years
   
Over
5 years
   
Total
    Total  
Personal
 
$
36,187
 
 
$
7,611
 
 
$
4,570
 
 
$
1,099
 
 
$
1,585
 
 
$
29
 
 
$
51,081
 
  $ 59,268  
Banks
 
 
9,401
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2
 
 
 
4
 
 
 
9,409
 
    14,869  
Business and government
 
 
42,887
 
 
 
28,880
 
 
 
21,276
 
 
 
8,488
 
 
 
7,491
 
 
 
6,079
 
 
 
115,101
 
    167,883  
Trading
 
 
16,086
 
 
 
2,135
 
 
 
1,598
 
 
 
1,087
 
 
 
831
 
 
 
1,154
 
 
 
22,891
 
    19,177  
Designated at fair value through profit or loss
 
 
112,778
 
 
 
1,127
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
113,905
 
    59,626  
Total
 
$
     217,339
 
 
$
     39,755
 
 
$
     27,444
 
 
$
     10,674
 
 
$
     9,909
 
 
$
     7,266
 
 
$
     312,387
 
  $ 320,823  
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 7
1

 
Term Deposits due within a Year
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)  
As at
 
                        
October 31
2021
   
October 31
2020
 
    
Within
3 months
   
Over 3
months to
6 months
   
Over 6
months to
12 months
   
Total
    Total  
Personal
 
$
     15,549
 
 
$
     8,491
 
 
$
     12,147
 
 
$
     36,187
 
  $ 41,213  
Banks
 
 
9,241
 
 
 
135
 
 
 
25
 
 
 
9,401
 
    14,859  
Business and government
 
 
27,875
 
 
 
8,268
 
 
 
6,744
 
 
 
42,887
 
    97,278  
Trading
 
 
7,070
 
 
 
4,867
 
 
 
4,149
 
 
 
16,086
 
    10,993  
Designated at fair value through profit or loss
 
 
36,375
 
 
 
33,708
 
 
 
42,695
 
 
 
112,778
 
    59,626  
Total
 
$
96,110
 
 
$
55,469
 
 
$
65,760
 
 
$
217,339
 
  $ 223,969  
 
NOTE 18:  OTHER LIABILITIES
 
Other Liabilities
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
 
 
  
 
As at
 
 
  
 
October 31
2021
 
    
October 31
2020
 
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other items
1
  
$
7,499
 
   $ 6,571  
Accrued interest
  
 
714
 
     1,142  
Accrued salaries and employee benefits
  
 
4,151
 
     2,900  
Cheques and other items in transit
  
 
2,667
 
     2,440  
Current income tax payable
  
 
82
 
     275  
Deferred tax liabilities
  
 
244
 
     284  
Defined benefit liability
  
 
1,592
 
     3,302  
Lease liabilities
2
  
 
5,473
 
     6,095  
Liabilities related to structured entities
  
 
4,407
 
     5,898  
Provisions
  
 
1,304
 
     1,569  
Total
  
$
    28,133
 
   $ 30,476  
 
1
 
Includes dividends and distributions payable of $
1,404
 million as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $1,383 million).
2
 
Refer to Note 27 for lease liability maturity and lease payment details.
 
NOTE 19:  SUBORDINATED NOTES AND DEBENTURES
Subordinated notes and debentures are direct unsecured obligations
of
the Bank or its subsidiaries and are subordinated in right of payment to the claims of depositors and certain other creditors. Redemptions, cancellations, exchanges, and modifications of subordinated debentures qualifying as regulatory capital are subject to the consent and approval of OSFI.
 
Subordinated Notes and Debentures
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
 
As at
 
Maturity date
  
 
Interest
rate (%)
 
 
 
 
Reset
spread (%)
 
 
 
Earliest par
redemption
date
 
 
 
October 31
2021
 
    
October 31
2020
 
May 26, 2025
     9.150       n/a       –    
$
200
 
   $ 200  
September 14, 2028
1
     3.589
2
 
    1.060
2
 
    September 14, 2023    
 
1,749
 
     1,743  
July 25, 2029
1
     3.224
2
 
    1.250
2
 
    July 25, 2024    
 
1,550
 
     1,561  
April 22, 2030
1
     3.105
2
 
    2.160
2
 
    April 22, 2025     
 
2,952
 
     2,974  
March 4, 2031
1
     4.859
2
 
    3.490
2
 
    March 4, 2026    
 
1,271
 
     1,279  
September 15, 2031
1
     3.625
3
 
    2.205
3
 
    September 15, 2026    
 
1,765
 
     1,881  
January 26, 2032
1
     3.060
2
 
    1.330
2
 
    January 26, 2027    
 
1,743
 
     1,839  
Total
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
11,230
 
   $ 11,477  
 
1
 
The subordinated notes and debentures include non-viability contingent capital (NVCC) provisions and qualify as regulatory capital under OSFI’s Capital Adequacy Requirements (CAR) guideline. Refer to Note 21 for further details.
2
 
Interest rate is for the period to but excluding the earliest par redemption date, and thereafter, it will be reset at a rate of three-month Bankers’ Acceptance rate (as such term is defined in the applicable offering document) plus the reset spread noted.
 
3
 
Interest rate is for the period to but excluding the earliest par redemption date, and thereafter, it will be reset at a rate of 5-year Mid-Swap Rate plus the reset spread noted.
The total change in subordinated notes and debentures for the year ended October 31, 2021 primarily relates to foreign exchange translation and the basis adjustment for fair value hedges.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 7
2

NOTE 20:
 
CAPITAL TRUST SECURITIES
The Bank issued innovative capital securities through Trust IV.
TD CAPITAL TRUST IV NOTES – SERIES 1 TO 3
On January 26, 2009, Trust IV issued TD CaTS IV – 1 due June 30, 2108 and TD CaTS IV – 2 due June 30, 2108 and on September 15, 2009, issued
TD
 CaTS IV – 3 due June 30, 2108 (collectively, TD CaTS IV Notes). The proceeds from the issuances were invested in bank deposit notes. On June 30, 2019, Trust IV redeemed all of the outstanding TD CaTS IV – 1. On June 30, 2021, Trust IV redeemed all of the outstanding TD CaTS IV – 3. On November 1, 2021, Trust IV redeemed all of the outstanding TD CaTS IV – 2. The Bank does not consolidate Trust IV because it does not absorb significant returns of Trust IV as it is ultimately exposed only to its own credit risk. Therefore, TD CaTS IV Notes are not reported on the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet, but the deposit notes issued to Trust IV are reported in Deposits on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Refer to Notes 10 and 17 for further details.
 
Capital Trust Securities
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
 
As at
 
                              
 
Redemption
date
 
                
 
  
 
Thousands
of units
 
  
 
Distribution/Interest
payment dates
 
  
 
Annual
yield
 
 
 
 
At the option
of the issuer
 
 
 
October 31
2021
 
     October 31
2020
 
TD CaTS IV Notes issued by Trust IV
                                                   
TD Capital Trust IV Notes – Series 2
     450        June 30, Dec. 31        10.000 %
1
 
    June 30, 2014    
 
450
 
     450  
             
TD Capital Trust IV Notes – Series 3
     750        June 30, Dec. 31        6.631 %     Dec. 31, 2014    
 
–
 
     750  
 
     1,200     
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
450
 
   $     1,200  
 
1
 
From and including January 26, 2009, to but excluding June 30, 2039. Starting on June 30, 2039, and on every fifth anniversary thereafter, the interest rate will reset to equal the then
5-year
Government of Canada yield plus 9.735%.
 
NOTE 21:  EQUITY
COMMON SHARES
The Bank is authorized by its shareholders to issue an unlimited number of common shares, without par value, for unlimited consideration. The common shares are not redeemable or convertible. Dividends are typically declared by the Board of Directors of the Bank on a quarterly basis and the amount may vary from quarter to quarter.
PREFERRED SHARES AND OTHER EQUITY INSTRUMENTS
Preferred Shares
The Bank is authorized by its shareholders to issue, in one or more series, an unlimited number of Class A First Preferred Shares, without nominal or par value. Non-cumulative preferential dividends are payable quarterly, as and when declared by the Board of Directors of the Bank. All preferred shares include NVCC Provisions, necessary for the preferred shares to qualify as regulatory capital under OSFI’s CAR guideline. NVCC Provisions require the conversion of the preferred shares into a variable number of common shares upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event. A Trigger Event is defined as an event where OSFI determines that the Bank is, or is about to become, non-viable and that after conversion of all non-common capital instruments, the viability of the Bank is expected to be restored, or if the Bank has accepted or agreed to accept a capital injection or equivalent support from a federal or provincial government of Canada without which the Bank would have been determined by OSFI to be non-viable.
Limited Recourse Capital Notes
On July 29, 2021, the Bank issued $1,750 million of Limited Recourse Capital Notes NVCC, Series 1 (the “LRCNs”) with recourse limited to assets held in a trust consolidated by the Bank (the “Limited Recourse Trust”). The Limited Recourse Trust’s assets consist of $1,750 million of the Bank’s Non-Cumulative 5-Year Fixed Rate Reset Preferred Shares NVCC, Series 26 (“Preferred Shares Series 26”) at a price of $1,000 per share, issued concurrently with the LRCNs. The Preferred Shares Series 26 are eliminated on the Bank’s consolidated financial statements.
The LRCNs bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.6% per annum, payable semi-annually, until October 31, 2026 and thereafter at a rate per annum, reset every five years, equal to the prevailing 5-year Government of Canada Yield plus 2.747% until maturity on October 31, 2081. The Bank may redeem the LRCNs, in whole or in part, during the period from October 1 to and including October 31, commencing in 2026 and every five years thereafter, with the prior written approval of OSFI. In the event of (i) non-payment of interest following any interest payment date, (ii) non-payment of the redemption price in case of a redemption of the LRCNs, (iii) non-payment of principal plus accrued and unpaid interest at the maturity of the LRCNs, (iv) an event of default on the LRCNs, or (v) a Trigger Event, the recourse of each LRCN holder will be limited to that holder’s pro rata share of the Limited Recourse Trust’s assets.
The LRCNs, by virtue of the recourse to the Preferred Shares Series 26, include standard NVCC provisions necessary for them to qualify as Additional Tier 1 Capital under OSFI’s CAR guideline. NVCC provisions require the conversion of the instrument into a variable number of common shares upon the occurrence of a Trigger Event. In such an event, each Preferred Share Series 26 held in the Limited Recourse Trust will automatically and immediately be converted into a variable number of common shares which will be delivered to LRCN holders in satisfaction of the principal amount of, and accrued and unpaid interest on, the LRCNs. The number of common shares issued will be determined based on the conversion formula set out in the terms of the Preferred Shares Series 26.
The LRCNs are compound instruments with both equity and liability features as payments of interest and principal in cash are made at the Bank’s discretion. Non-payment of interest and principal in cash does not constitute an event of default and will trigger the delivery of Preferred Shares Series 26. The liability component has a nominal value and, therefore, the proceeds received upon issuance have been presented as equity, and any interest payments are accounted for as distributions on other equity instruments.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021
ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
 
Page 73

The following table summarizes the changes to the shares and other equity instruments issued and outstanding and treasury instruments held as at and for the years ended October 
31
, 
2021
and October 
31
,
2020
.
 
Shares and Other Equity Instruments Issued and Outstanding and Treasury Instruments Held
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of shares
 or other
equity instrum
en
t
s
and millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
October 31, 2021
 
    October 31, 2020  
 
  
 
Number
of shares
 
 
 
 
Amount
 
    Number
of shares
 
 
    Amount  
Common Shares
                                
Balance as at beginning of year
  
 
1,816.1
 
 
$
22,487
 
    1,812.5     $ 21,713  
Proceeds from shares issued on exercise of stock options
  
 
2.8
 
 
 
165
 
    1.5       79  
Shares issued as a result of dividend reinvestment plan
  
 
5.0
 
 
 
414
 
    14.1       838  
         
Purchase of shares for cancellation and other
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    (12.0 )      (143 ) 
Balance as at end of year – common shares
  
 
1,823.9
 
 
$
23,066
 
    1,816.1     $     22,487  
Preferred Shares and Other Equity Instruments
                                
Preferred Shares – Class A
                                
Series 1
  
 
20.0
 
 
$
500
 
    20.0     $ 500  
Series 3
  
 
20.0
 
 
 
500
 
    20.0       500  
Series 5
  
 
20.0
 
 
 
500
 
    20.0       500  
Series 7
  
 
14.0
 
 
 
350
 
    14.0       350  
Series 9
  
 
8.0
 
 
 
200
 
    8.0       200  
Series 12
1
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    28.0       700  
Series 14
2
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
    40.0       1,000  
Series 16
  
 
14.0
 
 
 
350
 
    14.0       350  
Series 18
  
 
14.0
 
 
 
350
 
    14.0       350  
Series 20
  
 
16.0
 
 
 
400
 
    16.0       400  
Series 22
  
 
14.0
 
 
 
350
 
    14.0       350  
         
Series 24
  
 
18.0
 
 
 
450
 
    18.0       450  
         
 
  
 
158.0
 
 
$
3,950
 
    226.0     $ 5,650  
Other Equity Instruments
                                
         
Limited Recourse Capital Notes – Series 1
3
  
 
1.8
 
 
$
1,750
 
    –     $ –  
Balance as at end of year – preferred shares and other equity instruments
  
 
159.8
 
 
$
5,700
 
    226.0     $ 5,650  
Treasury – common shares
4
                                
Balance as at beginning of year
  
 
0.5
 
 
$
(37
) 
    0.6     $ (41 ) 
Purchase of shares
  
 
136.8
 
 
 
(10,859
) 
    135.6       (8,752 ) 
         
Sale of shares
  
 
(135.4
) 
 
 
10,744
 
    (135.7 )      8,756  
Balance as at end of year – treasury – common shares
  
 
1.9
 
 
$
(152
) 
    0.5     $ (37 ) 
Treasury – preferred shares and other equity instruments
4
                                
Balance as at beginning of year
  
 
0.1
 
 
$
(4
) 
    0.3     $ (6 ) 
Purchase of shares and other equity instruments
  
 
5.3
 
 
 
(205
) 
    6.0       (122 ) 
         
Sale of shares and other equity instruments
  
 
(5.3
) 
 
 
199
 
    (6.2 )      124  
Balance as at end of year – treasury – preferred shares and other equity instruments
  
 
0.1
 
 
$
(10
) 
    0.1     $ (4 ) 
 
1
 
On April 30, 2021, the Bank redeemed all of its 28 million outstanding Non-Cumulative 5-Year Rate Reset Class A First Preferred Shares NVCC, Series 12 (“Series 12 Preferred Shares”), at a redemption price of $25.00 per Series 12 Preferred Share, for a total redemption cost of $700 million.
2
 
On October 31, 2021, the Bank redeemed all of its 40 million outstanding Non-Cumulative 5-Year Rate Reset Class A First Preferred Shares NVCC, Series 14 (“Series 14 Preferred Shares”), at a redemption price of $25.00 per Series 14 Preferred Share, for a total redemption cost of $1 billion; the redemption proceeds were paid after October 31, 2021.
3
 
For Limited Recourse Capital Notes, the number of shares represents the number of notes issued. Concurrently with issue of the LRCNs, the Bank issued 1.75 million Preferred Shares Series 26 at a price of $1,000 per share.
4
 
When the Bank purchases its own equity
instruments
as part of its trading business, they are classified as treasury instruments and the cost of these instruments is recorded as a reduction in equity.
 
Preferred Shares Terms and Conditions
 
                          
    
 
Issue date
 
  
 
Annual
yield (%)
1
 
 
  
 
Reset
spread (%)
1
 
 
  
 
Next redemption/
conversion date
1
 
 
  
 
Convertible
into
1
 
 
NVCC Rate Reset Preferred Shares
2
                                            
Series 1
     June 4, 2014        3.662        2.24        October 31, 2024        Series 2  
Series 3
     July 31, 2014        3.681        2.27        July 31, 2024        Series 4  
Series 5
     December 16, 2014        3.876        2.25        January 31, 2025        Series 6  
Series 7
     March 10, 2015        3.201        2.79        July 31, 2025        Series 8  
Series 9
     April 24, 2015        3.242        2.87        October 31, 2025        Series 10  
Series 16
     July 14, 2017        4.50        3.01        October 31, 2022        Series 17  
Series 18
     March 14, 2018        4.70        2.70        April 30, 2023        Series 19  
Series 20
     September 13, 2018        4.75        2.59        October 31, 2023        Series 21  
Series 22
     January 28, 2019        5.20        3.27        April 30, 2024        Series 23  
           
Series 24
     June 4, 2019        5.10        3.56        July 31, 2024        Series 25  
 
1
 
Non-cumulative preferred dividends for each Series are payable quarterly, as and when declared by the Board of Directors. The dividend rate of the Rate Reset Preferred Shares will reset on the next redemption/conversion date and every 5 years thereafter to equal the then 5-year Government of Canada bond yield plus the reset spread noted. Rate Reset Preferred Shares are convertible to the corresponding Series of Floating Rate Preferred Shares, and vice versa. If converted into a Series of Floating Rate Preferred Shares, the dividend rate for the quarterly period will be equal to the then 90-day Government of Canada Treasury bill yield plus the reset spread noted.
2
 
Subject to regulatory consent, redeemable on the redemption date noted and every 5 years thereafter, at $25 per share. Convertible on the conversion date noted and every 5 years thereafter if not redeemed. If converted, the holders have the option to convert back to the original Series of preferred shares every 5 years.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
 
Page 74

NVCC PROVISION
All series of preferred shares – Class A include NVCC provisions. If a NVCC trigger event were to occur and excluding the Preferred Shares Series 26 issued with respect to LRCNs, the maximum number of common shares that could be issued, assuming there are no declared and unpaid dividends on the respective series of preferred shares at the time of conversion, would be 790 million in aggregate.
The LRCNs, by virtue of the recourse to the Preferred Shares Series 26, include NVCC provisions. For LRCNs, if a NVCC trigger were to occur, the maximum number of common shares that could be issued, assuming there are no declared and unpaid dividends on the Preferred Shares Series 26, would be 350 million.
For NVCC subordinated notes and debentures, if a NVCC trigger event were to occur, the maximum number of common shares that could be issued, assuming there is no accrued and unpaid interest on the respective subordinated notes and debentures, would be 3.2 billion in aggregate.
DIVIDEND RESTRICTIONS
The Bank is prohibited by the
Bank Act
from declaring dividends on its preferred or common shares if there are reasonable grounds for believing that the Bank is, or the payment would cause the Bank to be, in contravention of the capital adequacy and liquidity regulations of the
Bank Act
or directions of OSFI. The Bank does not anticipate that this condition will restrict it from paying dividends in the normal course of business.
In addition, the ability to pay dividends on common shares without the approval of the holders of the outstanding preferred shares is restricted unless all dividends on the preferred shares have been declared and paid or set apart for payment. Currently, these limitations do not restrict the payment of dividends on common shares or preferred shares.
On March 13, 2020, OSFI issued a news release announcing a series of measures to support the resilience of financial institutions in response to challenges posed by COVID-19. These measures included the expectation that all federally regulated financial institutions halt dividend increases and share buybacks. On November 4, 2021, OSFI lifted the temporary expectation that financial institutions not increase regular dividends or undertake share repurchases, effective immediately.
DIVIDENDS
On December 1, 2021, the Board approved a dividend in an amount of eighty-nine cents (89 cents) per fully paid common share in the capital stock of the Bank for the quarter ending January 31, 2022, payable on and after January 31, 2022, to shareholders of record at the close of business on January 10, 2022.
DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLAN
The Bank
 
offers a dividend reinvestment plan for its common shareholders. Participation in the plan is optional and under the terms of the plan, cash dividends on common shares are used to purchase additional common shares. At the option of the Bank, the common shares may be issued from the Bank’s treasury at an average market price based on the last five trading days before the date of the dividend payment, with a discount of between
0
% to
5
% at the Bank’s discretion, or
purchase
d in
the open market at market price.
During the year ended October 31, 2021, all 5.1 million common shares issued from the Bank’s treasury, under the dividend reinvestment plan, were issued with no discount. During the year ended October 31, 2020, 4.1 million common shares were issued from the Bank’s treasury with no discount and 10.0 million common shares were issued from the Bank’s treasury with a 2% discount under the dividend reinvestment plan
.
NORMAL COURSE ISSUER BID
On December 1, 2021, the Board approved the initiation of a normal course issuer bid for up to 50million of the Bank’s common shares, subject to the approval of OSFI and the Toronto Stock Exchange. The timing and amount of any purchases under the program are subject to regulatory approvals and management discretion based on factors such as market conditions and capital adequacy.
 
NOTE 22:  INSURANCE
INSURANCE REVENUE AND EXPENSES
Insurance revenue and expenses are presented on the Consolidated Statement of Income under insurance revenue and insurance claims and related expenses, respectively, net of impact of reinsurance. This includes the results of property and casualty insurance, life and health insurance, as well as reinsurance assumed and ceded in Canada and internationally.
 
Insurance Revenue and Insurance Claims and Related Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
 
 
For the years ended October 31
 
 
 
 
2021
 
    2020       2019  
Insurance Revenue
                       
Earned Premiums
                       
Gross
 
$
    5,186
 
  $     4,845     $     4,632  
       
Reinsurance ceded
 
 
652
 
    643       915  
       
Net earned premiums
 
 
4,534
 
    4,202       3,717  
       
Fee income and other revenue
1
 
 
343
 
    363       565  
       
Insurance Revenue
 
 
4,877
 
    4,565       4,282  
Insurance Claims and Related Expenses
                       
Gross
 
 
2,841
 
    3,380       2,987  
       
Reinsurance ceded
 
 
134
 
    494       200  
Insurance Claims and Related Expenses
 
$
2,707
 
  $ 2,886     $ 2,787  
 
1
 
Ceding commissions received and paid are included within fee income and other revenue. Ceding commissions paid and netted against fee income in 2021 were $85 million (2020 – $92 million; 2019 – $123 million).
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
 
Page 75

RECONCILIATION OF CHANGES IN INSURANCE LIABILITIES
Insurance-related liabilities are comprised of gross amounts related to provision for unpaid claims (section (a) below), unearned premiums (section (b) below) and other insurance liabilities (section (c) below).
(a) Movement in Provision for Unpaid Claims
The following table presents movements in the property and casualty insurance provision for unpaid claims during the year.
 
Movement in Provision for Unpaid Claims
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
October 31, 2021
 
    October 31, 2020  
 
  
 
Gross
 
 
 

 
Reinsurance/
Other
recoverable
 
 
 
 
 
Net
 
    Gross      
 
Reinsurance/
Other
recoverable
 
 
 
    Net  
             
Balance as at beginning of year
  
$
5,142
 
 
$
246
 
 
$
4,896
 
  $ 4,840     $ 141     $ 4,699  
Claims costs for current accident year
  
 
2,629
 
 
 
100
 
 
 
2,529
 
    2,948       302       2,646  
Prior accident years claims development (favourable) unfavourable
  
 
(354
) 
 
 
(13
) 
 
 
(341
) 
    (354 )      (5 )      (349 ) 
Increase (decrease) due to changes in assumptions:
                                                
Discount rate
  
 
(84
) 
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
(83
) 
    123       –       123  
             
Provision for adverse deviation
  
 
(3
) 
 
 
(1
) 
 
 
(2
) 
    25       4       21  
             
Claims and related expenses
  
 
2,188
 
 
 
85
 
 
 
2,103
 
    2,742       301       2,441  
Claims paid during the year for:
                                                
Current accident year
  
 
(1,085
) 
 
 
(33
) 
 
 
(1,052
) 
    (1,346 )      (179 )      (1,167 ) 
             
Prior accident years
  
 
(1,136
) 
 
 
(68
) 
 
 
(1,068
) 
    (1,084 )      (7 )      (1,077 ) 
             
 
  
 
(2,221
) 
 
 
(101
) 
 
 
(2,120
) 
    (2,430 )      (186 )      (2,244 ) 
             
Increase (decrease) in reinsurance/other recoverables
  
 
(13
) 
 
 
(13
) 
 
 
–
 
    (10 )      (10 )      –  
Balance as at end of year
  
$
    5,096
 
 
$
217
 
 
$
      4,879
 
  $     5,142     $ 246     $ 4,896  
(b) Movement in Unearned Premiums
The following table presents movements in the prop
e
rty and casualty insurance unearned premiums during the year.
 
Movement in Provision for Unearned Premiums
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
October 31, 2021
 
    October 31, 2020  
 
  
 
Gross
 
 
 
Reinsurance
 
 
 
Net
 
    Gross       Reinsurance       Net  
             
Balance as at beginning of year
  
$
2,123
 
 
$
24
 
 
$
2,099
 
  $ 1,869     $ 17     $ 1,852  
Written premiums
  
 
4,044
 
 
 
146
 
 
 
3,898
 
    3,879       127       3,752  
             
Earned premiums
  
 
(3,824
) 
 
 
(145
) 
 
 
(3,679
) 
    (3,625 )      (120 )      (3,505 ) 
Balance as at end of year
  
$
    2,343
 
 
$
25
 
 
$
    2,318
 
  $     2,123     $     24     $     2,099  
(c) Movements in other insurance liabilities
Other insurance liabilities were $237 million as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $325 million). The decrease of $88 million (2020 – increase of $114 million) is mainly due to model refinements and interest rate movements, partially offs
e
t by aging of inforce business and changes in actuarial assumptions impacting actuarial liabilities.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 7
6

PROPERTY AND CASUALTY CLAIMS DEVELOPMENT
The following table shows the estimates of cumulative claims incurred, including IBNR, with subsequent developments during the periods and together with cumulative payments to date. The original reserve estimates are evaluated monthly for redundancy or deficiency. The evaluation is based on actual payments in full or partial settlement of claims and current estimates of claims liabilities for claims still open or claims still unreported.
 
Incurred Claims by Accident Year
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
 
 
Accident Year
 
       
 
 
 
2012
and prior
 
 
 
 
2013
 
 
 
2014
 
 
 
2015
 
 
 
2016
 
 
 
2017
 
 
 
2018
 
 
 
2019
 
 
 
2020
 
 
 
2021
 
 
 
Total
 
Net ultimate claims cost at end of accident year
 
$
4,622
 
 
$
    2,245
 
 
$
    2,465
 
 
$
    2,409
 
 
$
    2,438
 
 
$
    2,425
 
 
$
    2,631
 
 
$
    2,727
 
 
$
    2,646
 
 
$
    2,529
 
       
Revised estimates
                                                                                       
One year later
 
 
5,033
 
 
 
2,227
 
 
 
2,334
 
 
 
2,367
 
 
 
2,421
 
 
 
2,307
 
 
 
2,615
 
 
 
2,684
 
 
 
2,499
 
               
Two years later
 
 
4,957
 
 
 
2,191
 
 
 
2,280
 
 
 
2,310
 
 
 
2,334
 
 
 
2,258
 
 
 
2,573
 
 
 
2,654
 
                       
Three years later
 
 
4,952
 
 
 
2,158
 
 
 
2,225
 
 
 
2,234
 
 
 
2,264
 
 
 
2,201
 
 
 
2,522
 
                               
Four years later
 
 
4,832
 
 
 
2,097
 
 
 
2,147
 
 
 
2,162
 
 
 
2,200
 
 
 
2,151
 
                                       
Five years later
 
 
4,704
 
 
 
2,047
 
 
 
2,084
 
 
 
2,115
 
 
 
2,159
 
                                               
Six years later
 
 
4,658
 
 
 
2,004
 
 
 
2,044
 
 
 
2,100
 
                                                       
Seven years later
 
 
4,563
 
 
 
1,982
 
 
 
2,037
 
                                                               
Eight years later
 
 
4,529
 
 
 
1,974
 
                                                                       
                       
Nine years later
 
 
4,537
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                       
Current estimates of cumulative claims
 
 
4,537
 
 
 
1,974
 
 
 
2,037
 
 
 
2,100
 
 
 
2,159
 
 
 
2,151
 
 
 
2,522
 
 
 
2,654
 
 
 
2,499
 
 
 
2,529
 
 
 
 
 
Cumulative payments to date
 
 
(4,380
) 
 
 
(1,931
) 
 
 
(1,946
) 
 
 
(1,941
) 
 
 
(1,925
) 
 
 
(1,808
) 
 
 
(1,978
) 
 
 
(1,883
) 
 
 
(1,588
) 
 
 
(1,052
) 
       
Net undiscounted provision for unpaid claims
 
 
157
 
 
 
43
 
 
 
91
 
 
 
159
 
 
 
234
 
 
 
343
 
 
 
544
 
 
 
771
 
 
 
911
 
 
 
1,477
 
 
$
    4,730
 
Effect of discounting
                                                                                 
 
(278
) 
                       
Provision for adverse deviation
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
427
 
Net provision for unpaid claims
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
4,879
 
SENSITIVITY TO INSURANCE RISK
A variety of assumptions are made related to the future level of claims, policyholder behaviour, expenses and sales levels when products are designed and priced, as well as when actuarial liabilities are determined. Such assumptions require a significant amount of professional judgment. The insurance claims provision is sensitive to certain assumptions. It has not been possible to quantify the sensitivity of certain assumptions such as legislative changes or uncertainty in the estimation process. Actual experience may differ from the assumptions made by the Bank.
For property and casualty insurance, the main assumption underlying the claims liability estimates is that past claims development experience can be used to project future claims development and hence ultimate claims costs. As such, these methods extrapolate the development of paid and incurred losses, average costs per claim, and claim numbers based on the observed development of earlier years and expected loss ratios. Claims liabilities estimates are based on various quantitative and qualitative factors including the discount rate, the margin for adverse deviation, reinsurance, trends in claims severity and frequency, and other external drivers.
Qualitative and other unforeseen factors could negatively impact the Bank’s ability to accurately assess the risk of the insurance policies that the Bank underwrites. In addition, there may be significant lags between the occurrence of an insured event and the time it is actually reported to the Bank and additional lags between the time of reporting and final settlements of claims.
The following table outlines the sensitivity of the Bank’s property and casualty insurance claims liabilities to reasonably possible movements in the discount rate, the margin for adverse deviation, and the frequency and severity of claims, with all other assumptions held constant. Movements in the assumptions may be non-linear.
 
Sensitivity of Critical Assumptions – Property and Casualty Insurance Contract Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
As at
 
 
  
 
October 31, 2021
 
 
 
October 31, 2020
 
  
  
Impact on net
income (loss)
before
income taxes
 
 
Impact
on equity
 
 
Impact on net
income (loss)
before
income taxes
 
 
Impact
on equity
 
Impact of a 1% change in key assumptions
  
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Discount rate
  
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Increase in assumption
  
$
126
 
 
$
93
 
 
$
130
 
 
$
96
 
Decrease in assumption
  
 
(135
) 
 
 
(100
) 
 
 
(140
) 
 
 
(103
) 
Margin for adverse deviation
  
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Increase in assumption
  
 
(47
) 
 
 
(35
) 
 
 
(47
) 
 
 
(35
) 
Decrease in assumption
  
 
47
 
 
 
35
 
 
 
47
 
 
 
35
 
Impact of a 5% change in key assumptions
  
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Frequency of claims
  
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Increase in assumption
  
$
(56
) 
 
$
(42
) 
 
$
(52
) 
 
$
(39
) 
Decrease in assumption
  
 
56
 
 
 
42
 
 
 
52
 
 
 
39
 
Severity of claims
  
     
 
     
 
     
 
     
Increase in assumption
  
 
(226
) 
 
 
(167
) 
 
 
(225
) 
 
 
(166
) 
         
Decrease in assumption
  
 
226
 
 
 
167
 
 
 
225
 
 
 
166
 
 
TD BANK GROUP
 
•
 
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
 
•
 
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
 
Page 7
7

For life and health insurance, the processes used to determine critical assumptions are as follows:
•  
Mortality, morbidity, and lapse assumptions are based on industry and historical company data.
•  
Expense assumptions are based on an annually updated expense study that is used to determine expected expenses for future years.
•  
Asset reinvestment rates are based on projected earned rates, and liabilities are calculated using the Canadian Asset Liability Method (CALM).
A sensitivity analysis for possible movements in the life and health insurance business assumptions was performed and the impact is not significant to the Bank’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
CONCENTRATION OF INSURANCE RISK
Concentration risk is the risk resulting from large exposures to similar risks that are positively correlated.
Risk associated with automobile, residential and other products may vary in relation to the geographical area of the risk insured. Exposure to concentrations of insurance risk, by type of risk, is mitigated by ceding these risks through reinsurance contracts, as well as careful selection and implementation of underwriting strategies, which is in turn largely achieved through diversification by line of business and geographical areas. For automobile insurance, legislation is in place at a provincial level and this creates differences in the benefits provided among the provinces.
As at October 31, 2021, for the property and casualty insurance business, 65.8% of net written premiums were derived from automobile policies (October 31, 2020 – 66.3%) followed by residential with 33.8% (October 31, 2020 – 33.3%). The distribution by provinces show that business is mostly concentrated in Ontario with 49.8% of net written premiums (October 31, 2020 – 52.3%). The Western provinces represented 32.5% (October 31, 2020 – 31.7%), followed by the Atlantic provinces with 10.8% (October 31, 2020 – 9.4%), and Québec at 6.9% (October 31, 2020 – 6.6%).
Concentration risk is not a major concern for the life and health insurance business as it does not have a material level of regional specific characteristics like those exhibited in the property and casualty insurance business. Reinsurance is used to limit the liability on a single claim. Concentration risk is further limited by diversification across uncorrelated risks. This limits the impact of a regional pandemic and other concentration risks. To improve understanding of exposure to this risk, a pandemic scenario is tested annually.
 
NOTE 23:  SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
STOCK OPTION PLAN
The Bank maintains a stock option program for certain key employees. Options on common shares are granted to eligible employees of the Bank under the plan for terms of ten years and vest over a four-year period. These options provide holders with the right to purchase common shares of the Bank at a fixed price equal to the closing market price of the shares on the TSX on the day prior to the date the options were issued. Under this plan, 12 million common shares have been reserved for future issuance (October 31, 2020 – 14 million; October 31, 2019 – 16 million). The outstanding options expire on various dates to December 12, 2030. The following table summarizes the Bank’s stock option activity and related information, adjusted to reflect the impact of the
2
0
14
 
stock
dividend on a retrospective basis, for the years ended October 31, 2021, October 31, 2020, and October 31, 2019.
 
Stock Option Activity
                                            
(millions of shares and Canadian dollars)   
2021
     2020      2019  
     
Number
of shares
   
Weighted-
average
exercise price
     Number
of shares
    Weighted-
average
exercise price
     Number
of shares
    Weighted-
average
exercise price
 
Number outstanding, beginning of year
  
 
13.1
 
 
$
61.27
 
     12.8     $ 57.35        13.1     $ 53.12  
Granted
  
 
2.2
 
 
 
71.88
 
     2.1       72.84        2.2       69.39  
Exercised
  
 
(2.8
) 
 
 
50.67
 
     (1.5 )      43.60        (2.3 )      44.07  
             
Forfeited/expired
  
 
(0.3
) 
 
 
71.50
 
     (0.3 )      65.99        (0.2 )      66.59  
Number outstanding, end of year
  
 
12.2
 
 
$
65.36
 
     13.1     $ 61.27        12.8     $ 57.35  
             
Exercisable, end of year
  
 
4.4
 
 
$
54.36
 
     5.4     $ 48.50        4.7     $ 44.77  
The weighted-average share price for the options exercised in 2021 was $80.95 (2020 – $70.21; 2019 – $74.15).
The following table summarizes information relating to stock options outstanding and exercisable as at October 31, 2021.
 
Range of Exercise Prices
                                       
(millions of shares and Canadian dollars)   
Options outstanding
    
Options exercisable
 
     
Number
of shares
outstanding
    
Weighted-
average
remaining
contractual
life (years)
    
Weighted-
average
exercise
price
    
Number
of shares
exercisable
    
Weighted-
average
exercise
price
 
$36.64 – $40.54
  
 
0.5
 
  
 
0.9
 
  
 
40.26
 
  
 
0.5
 
  
 
40.26
 
$47.59 – $52.46
  
 
1.5
 
  
 
2.6
 
  
 
50.33
 
  
 
1.5
 
  
 
50.33
 
$53.15 – $65.75
  
 
2.4
 
  
 
4.5
 
  
 
59.79
 
  
 
2.4
 
  
 
59.79
 
$69.39 – $71.88
  
 
4.1
 
  
 
8.0
 
  
 
70.67
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
           
$72.64 – $72.84
  
 
3.7
 
  
 
7.1
 
  
 
72.75
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
–
 
For the year ended October 31, 2021, the Bank recognized compensation expense for stock option awards of $25.6 million (October 31, 2020 – $11.2 million; October 31, 2019 – $11.1 million). For the year ended October 31, 2021, 2.2 million (October 31, 2020 – 2.1 million; October 31, 2019 – 2.2 million) options were granted by the Bank at a weighted-average fair value of $8.90 per option (2020 – $5.55 per option; 2019 – $5.64 per option) estimated using a binomial tree-based valuation option pricing model.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 
78

The following table summarizes the assumptions used for estimating the fair value of options for the years ended October 31, 2021, October 31, 2020, and October 31, 2019.
 
Assumptions Used for Estimating the Fair Value of Options
1
                     
(in Canadian dollars, except as noted)   
2021
    2020     2019  
Risk-free interest rate
  
 
0.71
 % 
    1.59  %      2.03  % 
Option contractual life
  
 
10 years
 
    10 years       10 years  
Expected volatility
2
  
 
18.50
 % 
    12.90  %      12.64  % 
Expected dividend yield
  
 
3.61
 % 
    3.50  %      3.48  % 
       
Exercise price/share price
  
$
  71.88
 
  $   72.84     $   69.39  
 
1
 
Prior years’ disclosures have been updated to align with the current year disclosure.
2
 
Expected volatility is calculated based on the average daily volatility measured over a historical period.
OTHER SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS
The Bank operates restricted share unit and performance share unit plans which are offered to certain employees of the Bank. Under these plans, participants are awarded share units equivalent to the Bank’s common shares that generally vest over three years. During the vesting period, dividend equivalents accrue to the participants in the form of additional share units. At the maturity date, the participant receives cash representing the value of the share units. The final number of performance share units will typically vary from 80% to 120% of the number of units outstanding at maturity (consisting of initial units awarded plus additional units in lieu of dividends) based on the Bank’s total shareholder return relative to the average of a peer group of large Canadian financial institutions. The number of such share units outstanding under these plans as at October 31, 2021 was 22 million (2020 – 22 million).
The Bank also offers deferred share unit plans to eligible employees and non-employee directors. Under these plans, a portion of the participant’s annual incentive award may be deferred, or in the case of non-employee directors, a portion of their annual compensation may be delivered as share units equivalent to the Bank’s common shares. The deferred share units are not redeemable by the participant until termination of employment or directorship. Once these conditions are met, the deferred share units must be redeemed for cash no later than the end of the next calendar year. Dividend equivalents accrue to the participants in the form of additional units. As at October 31, 2021, 6.5 million deferred share units were outstanding (October 31, 2020 – 6.8 million).
Compensation expense for these plans is recorded in the year the incentive award is earned by the plan participant. Changes in the value of these plans are recorded, net of the effects of related hedges, on the Consolidated Statement of Income. For the year ended October 31, 2021, the Bank recognized compensation expense, net of the effects of hedges, for these plans of $511 million (2020 – $500 million; 2019 – $546 million). The compensation expense recognized before the effects of hedges was $1.3 billion (2020 – $206 million; 2019 – $662 million). The carrying amount of the liability relating to these plans, based on the closing share price, was $2.4 billion at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $1.5 billion), and is reported in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
EMPLOYEE OWNERSHIP PLAN
The Bank also operates a share purchase plan available to Canadian employees. Employees can contribute any amount of their eligible earnings (net of source deductions), subject to an annual cap of 10% of salary to the Employee Ownership Plan. For participating employees below the level of Vice President, the Bank matches 100% of the first $250 of employee contributions each year and the remainder of employee contributions at 50% to an overall maximum of 3.5% of the employee’s eligible earnings or $2,250, whichever comes first. The Bank’s contributions vest once an employee has completed two years of continuous service with the Bank. For the year ended October 31, 2021, the Bank’s contributions totalled $81 million (2020 – $82 million; 2019 – $74 million) and were expensed as salaries and employee benefits. As at October 31, 2021, an aggregate of 22 million (October 31, 2020 – 22 million) common shares were held under the Employee Ownership Plan. The shares in the Employee Ownership Plan are purchased in the open market and are considered outstanding for computing the Bank’s basic and diluted earnings per share. Dividends earned on the Bank’s common shares held by the Employee Ownership Plan are used to purchase additional common shares for the Employee Ownership Plan in the open market.

NOTE 24:
 
EMPLOYEE BENEFITS
PENSION AND OTHER POST-RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
The Bank sponsors a number of pension and post-retirement benefit plans for current eligible and former employees. Pension arrangements include defined benefit pension plans, defined contribution pension plans and supplementary arrangements that provide pension benefits in excess of statutory limits. The Bank also provides certain post-retirement benefits.
The Bank’s principal defined benefit pension plans, consisting of The Pension Fund Society of The Toronto-Dominion Bank (the “Society”) and the defined benefit portion of the TD Pension Plan (Canada) (the “TDPP DB”), are for eligible Canadian Bank employees who elected to join the Society or the TDPP DB. The Society was closed to new members on January 30, 2009, and the TDPP DB commenced on March 1, 2009. Effective December 31, 2018, the TDPP DB was closed to new employees hired after that date. All new permanent employees hired in Canada on or after January 1, 2019 are eligible to join the defined contribution portion of the TDPP (the “TDPP DC”) after one year of service. Benefits under the principal defined benefit pension plans are determined based upon the period of plan participation and the average salary of the member in the best consecutive five years in the last ten years of combined plan membership. Benefits under the TDPP DC are funded from the balance of the accumulated contributions of the member and the Bank plus the member’s investment earnings. Annual expense for the TDPP DC is equal to the Bank’s contributions to the plan.
Funding for the Bank’s principal defined benefit pension plans is provided by contributions from the Bank and members of the plans through a separate trust. In accordance with legislation, the Bank contributes amounts, as determined on an actuarial basis, to the plans and has the ultimate responsibility for ensuring that the liabilities of the plans are adequately funded over time. Any deficits determined in the funding valuations must generally be funded over a period not exceeding fifteen years. The Bank’s funding policy is to make at least the minimum annual contributions required by legislation. Any contributions in excess of the minimum requirements are discretionary. The principal defined benefit pension plans are registered with OSFI and the Canada Revenue Agency and are subject to the acts and regulations that govern federally regulated pension plans. The 2021, 2020, and 2019 contributions were made in accordance with the actuarial valuation reports for funding purposes as at October 31, 2020, October 31, 2019, and October 31, 2018, respectively. Valuations for funding purposes are being prepared as of October 31, 2021.

 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 
79

Post-retirement defined benefit plans are unfunded and, where offered, generally include health care and dental benefits or an annual discount amount to be used to reduce the cost of coverage. Employees must meet certain age and service requirements to be eligible for post-retirement benefits and are generally required to pay a portion of the cost of the benefits. Effective June 1, 2017, the Bank’s principal post-retirement defined benefit plan, covering eligible Canadian employees, was closed to new employees hired on or after that date.
(a)
INVESTMENT STRATEGY AND ASSET ALLOCATION
The principal defined benefit pension plans are expected to each achieve a rate of return that meets or exceeds the change in value of the plan’s respective liabilities over rolling five-year periods. The investments are managed with the primary objective of providing reasonable rates of return, consistent with available market opportunities, economic conditions, consideration of plan liabilities, prudent portfolio management, and the target risk profiles for the plans.
The asset allocations by asset category for the principal defined benefit pension plans are as follows:
 
Plan Asset Allocation
                                                              
(millions of Canadian dollars except as noted)   
Society
1
           
TDPP DB
1
 
    
  Target
range
    
    % of
total
    
Fair value
   
    Target
range
    
    % of
total
    
Fair value
 
As at October 31, 2021
  
Quoted
    
Unquoted
    
Quoted
    
Unquoted
 
Debt
  
 
40-70
 % 
  
 
56
 % 
  
$
–
 
  
$
3,877
 
 
 
20-50
 % 
  
 
34
 % 
  
$
–
 
  
$
1,023
 
Equity
  
 
19-45
 
  
 
26
 
  
 
589
 
  
 
1,238
 
 
 
30-60
 
  
 
51
 
  
 
461
 
  
 
1,055
 
Alternative investments
2
  
 
1-30
 
  
 
18
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
1,279
 
 
 
5-40
 
  
 
15
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
431
 
                 
Other
3
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
(532
) 
 
 
n/a
 
  
 
n/a
 
  
 
–
 
  
 
(79
) 
Total
  
 
 
 
  
 
100
 % 
  
$
589
 
  
$
5,862
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
100
 % 
  
$
461
 
  
$
2,430
 
                                                                        
As at October 31, 2020                                                               
Debt
    
30-70
 %       55  %     $ –      $ 3,670      
25-50
 %       40  %     $ –      $ 940  
Equity
     24-55        31        685        1,402       30-70        47         344        756  
Alternative investments
2
     6-35        14        –        899       5-35        13         –        301  
                 
Other
3
     n/a        n/a        –        (685 )      n/a        n/a        –        (72 ) 
Total
  
 
 
 
     100  %     $ 685      $ 5,286    
 
 
 
     100  %     $ 344      $ 1,925  
                                                                        
As at October 31, 2019
                                                              
Debt
    
40-70
 %       55  %     $ –      $ 3,374      
25-50
 %       34  %     $ –      $ 634  
Equity
     24-42        32        1,002        976       30-70        54         368        639  
Alternative investments
2
     6-35        13        –        760       5-35        12         –        229  
                 
Other
3
     n/a        n/a        –        (276 )      n/a        n/a        –        111  
Total
  
 
 
 
     100  %     $ 1,002      $ 4,834    
 
 
 
     100  %     $ 368      $ 1,613  
 
1
 
The principal defined benefit pension plans invest in investment vehicles which may hold shares or debt issued by the Bank.
2
 
The principal defined benefit pension plans’ alternative investments are primarily private equity, infrastructure, and real estate funds.
3
 
Consists mainly of amounts due to and due from brokers for securities traded but not yet settled, bond repurchase agreements, interest and dividends receivable, and Pension Enhancement Account assets, which are invested at the members’ discretion in certain mutual and pooled funds.
Public debt instruments of the Bank’s principal defined benefit pension plans must meet or exceed a credit rating of BBB- at the time of purchase.
The equity portfolios of the principal defined benefit pension plans are broadly diversified primarily across medium to large capitalization quality companies with no individual holding exceeding 10% of the equity portfolio. Foreign equities are included to further diversify the portfolio.
Derivatives can be utilized by the principal defined benefit pension plans provided they are not used to create financial leverage, unless the financial leverage is for risk management purposes. The principal defined benefit pension plans are permitted to invest in alternative investments, such as private equity, infrastructure equity, and real estate.
(b)
RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
The Bank’s principal defined benefit pension plans are overseen by a single retirement governance structure established by the Human Resources Committee of the Bank’s Board of Directors. The governance structure utilizes retirement governance committees who have responsibility to oversee plan operations and investments, acting in a fiduciary capacity. Strategic, material plan changes require the approval of the Bank’s Board of Directors.
The principal defined benefit pension plans’ investments include financial instruments which are exposed to various risks. These risks include market risk (including foreign currency, interest rate, inflation, price, and credit spread risks), credit risk, and liquidity risk. Key material risks faced by defined benefit plans are a decline in interest rates or credit spreads, which could increase the present value of the projected benefit obligation by more than the change in the value of plan assets, and from longevity risk (that is, lower mortality rates).
Asset-liability matching strategies are employed to focus on obtaining an appropriate balance between earning an adequate return and having changes in liability values hedged by changes in asset values.
The principal defined benefit pension plans manage these financial risks in accordance with the
Pension Benefits Standards Act, 1985
, applicable regulations, as well as the plans’ written investment policies. Specific risk management practices monitored for the principal defined benefit pension plans include performance, credit exposure, and asset mix.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 8
0

(c)
OTHER SIGNIFICANT PENSION AND POST-RETIREMENT BENEFIT PLANS
Canada Trust (CT) Pension Plan
As a result of the acquisition of CT Financial Services Inc., the Bank sponsors a defined benefit pension plan, which is closed to new members, but for which active members continue to accrue benefits. Funding for the plan is provided by contributions from the Bank and members of the plan.
TD Bank, N.A. Retirement Plans
TD Bank, N.A. and its subsidiaries maintain a defined contribution 401(k) plan covering all employees. Annual expense is equal to the Bank’s contributions to the plan.
TD Bank, N.A. also has frozen defined benefit pension plans covering certain legacy TD Banknorth and TD Auto Finance (legacy Chrysler Financial) employees. TD Bank, N.A. also has closed post-retirement benefit plans, which include limited medical coverage and life insurance benefits, covering certain groups of employees from legacy organizations.
Government Pension Plans
The Bank also makes contributions to government pension plans, including the Canada Pension Plan, Quebec Pension Plan and Social Security under the U.S.
Federal Insurance Contribution Act
.
(d)
DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLAN EXPENSE
The following table summarizes expenses for the Bank’s defined contribution plans.
 
Defined Contribution Plan Expenses
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
For the years ended    
 
 
  
 
October 31
2021
 
 
     October 31
2020
 
 
    
October 31    
2019    
 
 
Defined contribution pension plans
1
  
$
178
 
   $ 169      $ 150      
       
Government pension plans
2
  
 
355
 
     347        324      
Total
  
$
533
 
   $ 516      $ 474      
 
1
 
Includes the TDPP DC and the TD Bank, N.A. defined contribution 401(k) plan.
2
 
Includes Canada Pension Plan, Quebec Pension Plan, and Social Security under the U.S.
Federal Insurance Contributions Act
.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 8
1

(e)
DEFINED BENEFIT PLAN FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following table presents the financial position of the Bank’s principal
pe
nsion and post-retirement defined benefit plans and the Bank’s other material defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans. Other employee defined benefit plans operated by the Bank and certain of its subsidiaries are not considered material for disclosure purposes.
 
Employee Defined Benefit Plans’ Obligations, Assets, Funded Status, and Expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
 
Principal pension plans
 
 
 
Principal
post-retirement

benefit plan
1
 
 
 
 
 
Other pension
and post-retirement
benefit plans
2
 
 
 
 
  
 
2021
 
    2020       2019    
 
2021
 
    2020       2019    
 
2021
 
    2020       2019  
Change in projected benefit obligation
                                                                        
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year
  
$
9,668
 
  $     8,558     $     6,539    
$
506
 
  $     620     $     535    
$
2,967
 
  $     2,948     $     2,569  
Service cost – benefits earned
  
 
522
 
    467       326    
 
9
 
    17       14    
 
8
 
    9       9  
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation
  
 
210
 
    236       240    
 
11
 
    17       20    
 
56
 
    80       106  
Remeasurement (gain) loss – financial
  
 
(1,460
) 
    617       1,565    
 
(45
) 
    (101 )      92    
 
(86
) 
    128       430  
Remeasurement (gain) loss – demographic
  
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
–
 
    (44 )      (26 )   
 
5
 
    (80 )      2  
Remeasurement (gain) loss – experience
  
 
137
 
    56       83    
 
(1
) 
    9       –    
 
(1
) 
    9       6  
Members’ contributions
  
 
107
 
    107       107    
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
–
 
    –       –  
Benefits paid
  
 
(396
) 
    (373 )      (303 )   
 
(14
) 
    (12 )      (15 )   
 
(139
) 
    (144 )      (143 ) 
Change in foreign currency exchange rate
  
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
(130
) 
    20       (1 ) 
                   
Past service cost (credit)
3
  
 
–
 
    –       1    
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
11
 
    (3 )      (30 ) 
                   
Projected benefit obligation as at October 31
  
 
8,788
 
    9,668       8,558    
 
466
 
    506       620    
 
2,691
 
    2,967       2,948  
Wholly or partially funded projected benefit obligation
  
 
8,788
 
    9,668       8,558    
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
1,879
 
    2,067       2,073  
                   
Unfunded projected benefit obligation
  
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
466
 
    506       620    
 
812
 
    900       875  
                   
Total projected benefit obligation as at October 31
  
 
8,788
 
    9,668       8,558    
 
466
 
    506       620    
 
2,691
 
    2,967       2,948  
Change in plan assets
                                                                        
Plan assets at fair value at beginning of year
  
 
8,240
 
    7,817       6,643    
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
2,046
 
    1,959       1,733  
Interest income on plan assets
  
 
186
 
    221       253    
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
37
 
    52       73  
Remeasurement gain (loss) – return on plan assets less interest income
  
 
740
 
    15       773    
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
106
 
    96       205  
Members’ contributions
  
 
107
 
    107       107    
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
–
 
    –       –  
Employer’s contributions
  
 
474
 
    463       352    
 
14
 
    12       15    
 
38
 
    72       96  
Benefits paid
  
 
(396
) 
    (373 )      (303 )   
 
(14
) 
    (12 )      (15 )   
 
(139
) 
    (144 )      (143 ) 
Change in foreign currency exchange rate
  
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
(118
) 
    18       (1 ) 
                   
Defined benefit administrative expenses
  
 
(9
) 
    (10 )      (8 )   
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
(3
) 
    (7 )      (4 ) 
                   
Plan assets at fair value as at October 31
  
 
9,342
 
    8,240       7,817    
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
1,967
 
    2,046       1,959  
Excess (deficit) of plan assets at fair value over projected benefit obligation
  
 
554
 
    (1,428 )      (741 )   
 
(466
) 
    (506 )      (620 )   
 
(724
) 
    (921 )      (989 ) 
                   
Effect of asset limitation and minimum funding requirement
  
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
(12
) 
    (14 )      (13 ) 
                   
Net defined benefit asset (liability)
  
 
554
 
    (1,428 )      (741 )   
 
(466
) 
    (506 )      (620 )   
 
(736
) 
    (935 )      (1,002 ) 
Recorded in
                                                                        
Other assets in the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet
  
 
554
 
    –       –    
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
79
 
    3       6  
                   
Other liabilities in the Bank’s Consolidated Balance Sheet
  
 
–
 
    (1,428 )      (741 )   
 
(466
) 
    (506 )      (620 )   
 
(815
) 
    (938 )      (1,008 ) 
                   
Net defined benefit asset (liability)
  
 
554
 
    (1,428 )      (741 )   
 
(466
) 
    (506 )      (620 )   
 
(736
) 
    (935 )      (1,002 ) 
Annual expense
                                                                        
Net employee benefits expense includes the following:
                                                                        
Service cost – benefits earned
  
 
522
 
    467       326    
 
9
 
    17       14    
 
8
 
    9       9  
Net interest cost (income) on net defined benefit liability (asset)
  
 
24
 
    15       (13 )   
 
11
 
    17       20    
 
19
 
    28       33  
Past service cost (credit)
3
  
 
–
 
    –       1    
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
11
 
    (3 )      (30 ) 
                   
Defined benefit administrative expenses
  
 
11
 
    10       10    
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
3
 
    5       6  
Total
  
$
557
 
  $ 492     $ 324    
$
20
 
  $ 34     $ 34    
$
41
 
  $ 39     $ 18  
Actuarial assumptions used to determine the annual expense
                                                                        
Weighted-average discount rate for projected benefit obligation
  
 
2.85
 % 
    3.08  %      4.10  %   
 
2.76
 % 
    3.07  %      4.10  %   
 
2.74
 % 
    3.12  %      4.37  % 
Weighted-average rate of compensation increase
  
 
2.53
 % 
    2.57  %      2.54  %   
 
3.00
 % 
    3.00  %      3.00  %   
 
1.03
 % 
    1.00  %      1.03  % 
Assumed life expectancy at age 65, in years
                                                                        
Male aged 65
  
 
23.4
 
    23.4       23.3    
 
23.4
 
    23.4       23.3    
 
21.5
 
    22.1       22.1  
Female aged 65
  
 
24.2
 
    24.1       24.1    
 
24.2
 
    24.1       24.1    
 
23.1
 
    23.7       23.7  
Male aged 45
  
 
24.4
 
    24.3       24.3    
 
24.4
 
    24.3       24.3    
 
22.2
 
    22.7       22.7  
Female aged 45
  
 
25.1
 
    25.1       25.0    
 
25.1
 
    25.1       25.0    
 
23.9
 
    24.5       24.5  
Actuarial assumptions used to determine the projected benefit obligation as at October 31
                                                                        
Weighted-average discount rate for projected benefit obligation
  
 
3.50
 % 
    2.85  %      3.08  %   
 
3.43
 % 
    2.76  %      3.07  %   
 
2.99
 % 
    2.74  %      3.12  % 
Weighted-average rate of compensation increase
  
 
2.46
 % 
    2.53  %      2.57  %   
 
2.80
 % 
    3.00  %      3.00  %   
 
0.98
 % 
    1.03  %      1.00  % 
Assumed life expectancy at age 65, in years
                                                                        
Male aged 65
  
 
23.5
 
    23.4       23.4    
 
23.5
 
    23.4       23.4    
 
21.6
 
    21.5       22.1  
Female aged 65
  
 
24.2
 
    24.2       24.1    
 
24.2
 
    24.2       24.1    
 
23.1
 
    23.1       23.7  
Male aged 45
  
 
24.4
 
    24.4       24.3    
 
24.4
 
    24.4       24.3    
 
22.3
 
    22.2       22.7  
                   
Female aged 45
  
 
25.1
 
    25.1       25.1    
 
25.1
 
    25.1       25.1    
 
24.0
 
    23.9       24.5  
 
1
 
The rate of increase for health care costs for the next year used to measure the expected cost of benefits covered for the principal post-retirement defined benefit plan is 3.13%. The rate is assumed to decrease gradually to 1.08% by the year 2040 and remain at that level thereafter (2020 – 3.26% grading to 1.06% by the year 2040 and remain at that level thereafter).
2
 
Includes CT defined benefit pension plan, TD Banknorth defined benefit pension plan, TD Auto Finance defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans, and supplemental employee defined benefit pension plans.
3
 
Includes a gain of $33 million related to the TD Auto Finance post-retirement benefit plan that was amended during fiscal 2019.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 8
2

The Bank recognized the following amounts on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
 
Amounts Recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
 
 
 
 
 
 
As at
 
 
 
 
October 31
2021
 
 
    October 31
2020
 
 
    October 31
2019
 
 
Other assets
                       
Principal defined benefit pension plans
 
$
554
 
  $ –     $ –  
Other defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans
 
 
79
 
    3       6  
       
Other employee benefit plans
1
 
 
4
 
    6       7  
       
Total
 
 
637
 
    9       13  
Other liabilities
                       
Principal defined benefit pension plans
 
 
–
 
    1,428       741  
Principal post-retirement defined benefit plan
 
 
466
 
    506       620  
Other defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans
 
 
815
 
    938       1,008  
       
Other employee benefit plans
1
 
 
311
 
    430       412  
       
Total
 
 
1,592
 
    3,302       2,781  
Net amount recognized
 
$
(955
) 
  $ (3,293 )    $ (2,768 ) 
1
Consists of other pension and other post-retirement benefit plans operated by the Bank and its subsidiaries that are not considered material for disclosure purposes.
The following table summarizes the remeasurements recognized in OCI for the Bank’s principal p
e
nsion and post-retirement defined benefit plans and the Bank’s other pension and post-retirement benefit plans.
 
Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income for Remeasurement of Defined Benefit Plans
1,2
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
Principal pension plans
 
 
 
Principal
post-retirement
benefit plan
 
 
 
 
 
Other pension
and post-retirement
benefit plans
 
 
 
    
 
For the years ended October 31
 
 
  
 
2021
 
    2020       2019    
 
2021
 
     2020       2019    
 
2021
 
    2020       2019  
Remeasurement gains (losses) – financial
  
$
1,460
 
  $ (617 )    $ (1,565 )   
$
45
 
   $ 101     $ (92 )   
$
86
 
  $ (128 )    $ (430 ) 
Remeasurement gains (losses) – demographic
  
 
–
 
    –       –    
 
–
 
     44       26    
 
(5
) 
    80       (2 ) 
Remeasurement gains (losses) – experience
  
 
(137
) 
    (56 )      (83 )   
 
1
 
     (9 )      –    
 
1
 
    (9 )      (6 ) 
                   
Remeasurement gains (losses) – return on plan assets less interest
  
 
742
 
    15       775    
 
–
 
     –       –    
 
108
 
    93       207  
Total
  
$
2,065
 
  $ (658 )    $ (873 )   
$
46
 
   $ 136     $ (66 )   
$
190
 
  $ 36     $ (231 ) 
1
 
Amounts are presented on a
pre-tax
basis.
2
Excludes net remeasurement gains (losses) recognized in OCI in respect of other employee defined benefit plans operated by the Bank and certain of its subsidiaries not considered material for disclosure purposes totaling $121 million (2020 – $
(
44
)
million); 2019 – $
(
75
)
million).
(f)
CASH FLOWS
During the year ended October 31, 2022, the Bank expects to contribute $465 million to its principal defined benefit pension plans, $20 million to its principal post-retirement defined benefit plan, and $40 million to its other defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans. Future contribution amounts may change upon the Bank’s review of its contribution levels during the year.
The following table summarizes the expected future benefit payments for the next 10 years.
 
Expected Future Benefit Payments
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
Principal
pension plans
 
 
    
Principal
post-retirement
benefit plan
 
 
 
    
Other pension and
post-retirement
benefit plans
 
 
 
Benefit payments expected to be paid in:
                          
2022
  
$
410
 
  
$
20
 
  
$
144
 
2023
  
 
433
 
  
 
21
 
  
 
145
 
2024
  
 
453
 
  
 
22
 
  
 
148
 
2025
  
 
472
 
  
 
23
 
  
 
150
 
2026
  
 
490
 
  
 
24
 
  
 
150
 
2027-2031
  
 
2,672
 
  
 
131
 
  
 
750
 
Total
  
$
4,930
 
  
$
241
 
  
$
1,487
 
 
(g)
MATURITY PROFILE
The breakdown of the projected benefit obligations between active, deferred, and retired members is as follows:
 
Disaggregation of Projected Benefit Obligation
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
Principal
pension plans
 
 
  
 
Principal
post-retirement
benefit plan
 
 
 
  
 
Other pension and
post-retirement
benefit plans
 
 
 
    
 
As at October 31
 
 
  
 
2021
 
     2020        2019     
 
2021
 
     2020        2019     
 
2021
 
     2020        2019  
Active members
  
$
6,048
 
   $ 6,812      $ 5,925     
$
191
 
   $ 209      $ 318     
$
375
 
   $ 503      $ 494  
Deferred members
  
 
596
 
     650        577     
 
–
 
     –        –     
 
497
 
     579        588  
Retired members
  
 
2,144
 
     2,206        2,056     
 
275
 
     297        302     
 
1,819
 
     1,885        1,866  
Total
  
$
    8,788
 
   $     9,668      $     8,558     
$
    466
 
   $     506      $     620     
$
    2,691
 
   $     2,967      $     2,948  
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
 
Page 83

The weighted-average duration of the projected benefit obligations is as follows:
 
Duration of Projected Benefit Obligation
 
(number of years)
  
 
Principal
pension plans
 
 
  
 
Principal
post-retirement
benefit plan
 
 
 
  
 
Other pension and
post-retirement
benefit plan
s
 
 
 
    
 
As at October 31
 
 
  
 
2021
 
     2020        2019     
 
2021
 
     2020        2019     
 
2021
 
     2020        2019  
Weighted-average duration
  
 
15
 
     16        16     
 
14
 
     15        18     
 
12
 
     13        13  
(h)
SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
The following table provides the sensitivity of the projected benefit obligation for the Bank’s principal defined benefit pension plans, the principal post-retirement defined benefit plan, and the Bank’s significant other defined benefit pension and post-retirement benefit plans to actuarial assumptions considered significant by the Bank. These include discount rate, rates of compensation increase, life expectancy, and health care cost initial trend rates, as applicable. The sensitivity analysis provided in the table should be used with caution, as it is hypothetical and the impact of changes in each significant assumption may not be linear. For each sensitivity test, the impact of a reasonably possible change in a single factor is shown with other assumptions left unchanged. Actual experience may result in simultaneous changes in a number of key assumptions, which could magnify or diminish certain sensitivities.
 
Sensitivity of Significant Defined Benefit Plan Actuarial Assumptions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
 
 
As at
 
   
 
October 31, 2021
 
   
 
Obligation Increase (Decrease)
 
 
 
 

 
Principal
pension
plans
 
 
 
 
 


 
Principal
post-
retirement
benefit plan
 
 
 
 
 
 


 
Other pension
and post-
retirement
benefit plans
 
 
 
 
Impact of an absolute change in significant actuarial assumptions
                       
Discount rate
                       
1% decrease in assumption
 
$
1,467
 
 
$
69
 
 
$
352
 
1% increase in assumption
 
 
(1,136
) 
 
 
(56
) 
 
 
(292)
 
Rates of compensation increase
                       
1% decrease in assumption
 
 
(287
) 
 
 
–
1
 
 
 
–
1
 
1% increase in assumption
 
 
276
 
 
 
–
1
 
 
 
–
1
 
Life expectancy
                       
1 year decrease in assumption
 
 
(176
) 
 
 
(14
) 
 
 
(89
) 
1 year increase in assumption
 
 
173
 
 
 
14
 
 
 
89
 
Health care cost initial trend rate
                       
1% decrease in assumption
 
 
n/a
 
 
 
(11
) 
 
 
n/a
 
1% increase in assumption
 
 
n/a
 
 
 
13
 
 
 
n/a
 
1
An absolute change in this assumption is immaterial.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 8
4

NOTE 25:  INCOME TAXES
The provision for (recovery of) income taxes is comprised of the following:
 
Provision for (Recovery of) Income Taxes
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
For the years ended October 31
 
 
  
 
2021
      2020       2019  
Provision for
(recovery of)
income taxes – Consolidated Statement of Income
                        
Current income taxes
                        
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes for the current period
  
$
     3,370
 
  $     2,287     $     2,675  
       
Adjustments in respect of prior years and other
  
 
(7
) 
    (70 )      93  
       
Total current income taxes
  
 
3,363
 
    2,217       2,768  
Deferred income taxes
                        
Provision for (recovery of) deferred income taxes related to the origination and reversal of temporary differences
  
 
332
 
    (1,075 )      54  
Effect of changes in tax rates
  
 
2
 
    (1 )      10  
       
Adjustments in respect of prior years and other
  
 
(76
) 
    11       (97 ) 
       
Total deferred income taxes
  
 
258
 
    (1,065 )      (33 ) 
       
Total provision for (recovery of) income taxes – Consolidated Statement of Income
  
 
3,621
 
    1,152       2,735  
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes – Statement of Other Comprehensive Income
                        
Current income taxes
  
 
916
 
    406       37  
       
Deferred income taxes
  
 
(99
) 
    705       1,070  
       
Total provision for (recovery of) income taxes – Statement of Other Comprehensive Income
  
 
817
 
    1,111       1,107  
Income taxes – other non-income related items including business combinations and other adjustments
                        
Current income taxes
  
 
(13
) 
    (30 )      (7 ) 
       
Deferred income taxes
  
 
(20
) 
    (194 )      (6 ) 
       
 
  
 
(33
) 
    (224 )      (13 ) 
Total provision for (recovery of) income taxes
  
 
4,405
 
    2,039       3,829  
Current income taxes
                        
Federal
  
 
2,226
 
    1,170       1,256  
Provincial
  
 
1,548
 
    818       891  
       
Foreign
  
 
492
 
    605       651  
       
 
  
 
4,266
 
    2,593       2,798  
Deferred income taxes
                        
Federal
  
 
232
 
    (143 )      127  
Provincial
  
 
160
 
    (96 )      87  
       
Foreign
  
 
(253
) 
    (315 )      817  
       
 
  
 
139
 
    (554 )      1,031  
Total provision for (recovery of) income taxes
  
$
4,405
 
  $ 2,039     $ 3,829  
The Bank’s statutory and effective tax rate is outlined in the following table.
 
Reconciliation to Statutory Income Tax Rate
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
 
 
 
 
 
2021
   
 
 
 
    2020    
 
 
 
    2019  
Income taxes at Canadian statutory income tax rate
  
$
    4,498
 
 
 
26.3
 % 
  $     3,141       26.4  %    $     3,502       26.5  % 
Increase (decrease) resulting from:
                                                
Dividends received
  
 
(120
) 
 
 
(0.7
) 
    (120 )      (1.0 )      (104 )      (0.8 ) 
Rate differentials on international operations
1
  
 
(787
) 
 
 
(4.6
) 
    (1,927 )      (16.2 )      (728 )      (5.5 ) 
             
Other – net
  
 
30
 
 
 
0.1
 
    58       0.5       65       0.5  
Provision for income taxes and effective income tax rate
  
$
3,621
 
 
 
21.1
 % 
  $ 1,152       9.7  %    $ 2,735       20.7  % 
 
1
Reflects the impact of the 2020 sale of the Bank’s investment in TD Ameritrade, including the non-taxable revaluation gain, the release of non-taxable cumulative currency translation gains from AOCI, and the release of a deferred tax liability.
The Canada Revenue Agency (CRA), Revenu Québec Agency (RQA) and Alberta Tax and Revenue Administration (ATRA) are denying certain dividend deductions claimed by the Bank. During the year ended October 31, 2021, the RQA reassessed the Bank for $8
million of additional income tax and interest in respect of its 2015 taxation year. As at October 31, 2021, the CRA reassessed the Bank fo
r
$1,032 
million of income tax and interest for the years 2011 to 2015, the RQA reassessed the Bank for $34 million for the years 2011 to 2015, and the ATRA reassessed the Bank fo
r $33 
million for the years 2011 to 2014. On November 30, 2021, the CRA reassessed the Bank for $154 million of additional income tax and interest in respect of its 2016 taxation year. In total, the Bank has been reassessed for $1,253 million of income tax and interest. The Bank expects the CRA, RQA, and ATRA to continue to reassess open years on the same basis. The Bank is of the view that its tax filing positions were appropriate and intends to challenge all reassessments.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 8
5

Deferred tax assets and liabilities comprise of the following:
 
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
As at
 
 
  
 
October 31
2021
 
 
     October 31
2020
 
 
Deferred tax assets
                 
Allowance for credit losses
  
$
1,371
 
   $ 1,705  
Trading loans
  
 
35
 
     43  
Employee benefits
  
 
863
 
     834  
Pensions
  
 
–
 
     516  
Losses available for carry forward
  
 
69
 
     96  
Tax credits
  
 
35
 
     133  
Land, buildings, equipment, and other depreciable assets
  
 
146
 
     111  
Intangibles
  
 
182
 
     87  
     
Other
  
 
230
 
     236  
     
Total deferred tax assets
  
 
2,931
 
     3,761  
Deferred tax liabilities
                 
Securities
  
 
657
 
     1,404  
Pensions
  
 
75
 
     –  
Deferred (income) expense
  
 
48
 
     73  
     
Goodwill
  
 
130
 
     124  
     
Total deferred tax liabilities
  
 
910
 
     1,601  
     
Net deferred tax assets
  
 
2,021
 
     2,160  
Reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as follows:
                 
Deferred tax assets
  
 
2,265
 
     2,444  
     
Deferred tax liabilities
1
  
 
244
 
     284  
Net deferred tax assets
  
$
2,021
 
   $     2,160  
 
1
 
Included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The amount of temporary differences, unused tax losses, and unused tax credits for which no deferred tax asset is recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheet was $668 million as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $669 million), of which $25 million (October 31, 2020 – $5 million) is scheduled to expire within five years.
Certain taxable temporary differences associated with the Bank’s investments in subsidiaries, branch
e
s and associates, and interests in joint ventures did not result in the recognition of deferred tax liabilities as at October 31, 2021. The total amount of these temporary differences was $80 billion as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $81 billion).
The movement in the net deferred tax asset for the y
e
ars ended October 31 was as follows:
 
Deferred Income Tax Expense (Recovery)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
2021
 
    2020  
 
  
 

 
Consolidated
statement of
income
 
 
 
 
 

 
Other
comprehensive
income
 
 
 
 
 

 
Business
combinations
and other
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
   
 
Consolidated
statement of
income
 
 
 
   
 
Other
comprehensive
income
 
 
 
   
 
Business
combinations
and other
 
 
 
    Total  
Deferred income tax expense (recovery)
 
                       
Allowance for credit losses
  
$
335
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
–
 
 
$
335
 
  $ (740 )    $ –     $ –     $ (740 ) 
Trading loans
  
 
9
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
9
 
    7       –       –       7  
Employee benefits
  
 
(46
) 
 
 
17
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(29
) 
    (23 )      33       –       10  
Pensions
  
 
(26
) 
 
 
617
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
591
 
    (1 )      (171 )      –       (172 ) 
Losses available for carry forward
  
 
27
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
27
 
    (1 )      –       –       (1 ) 
Tax credits
  
 
98
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
98
 
    95       –       –       95  
Land, buildings, equipment, and other depreciable assets
  
 
(35
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(35
) 
    (159 )      –       (194 )      (353 ) 
Intangibles
  
 
(95
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(95
) 
    (127 )      –       –       (127 ) 
Other deferred tax assets
  
 
25
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(20
) 
 
 
5
 
    (148 )      –       –       (148 ) 
Securities
  
 
(14
) 
 
 
(733
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(747
) 
    34       843       –       877  
Deferred (income) expense
  
 
(25
) 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(25
) 
    (18 )      –       –       (18 ) 
                 
Goodwill
  
 
5
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
5
 
    16       –       –       16  
Total deferred income tax expense (recovery)
  
$
258
 
 
$
(99
) 
 
$
(20
) 
 
$
139
 
  $ (1,065 )    $ 705     $ (194 )    $ (554 ) 
 
NOTE 26:   EARNINGS PER SHARE
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period.
Diluted earnings per share is calculated using the same method as basic earnings per share except that certain adjustments are made to net income attributable to common shareholders and the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the effects of all dilutive potential common shares that are assumed to be issued by the Bank.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 8
6

The following table presents the Bank’s basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended October 31, 2021, October 31, 2020, and October 31, 2019.
 
Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)
  
 
For the years ended October 31
 
 
  
 
2021
       2020        2019  
Basic earnings per share
                          
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  
$
14,049
 
   $ 11,628      $ 11,416  
       
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (millions)
  
 
    1,817.7
 
     1,807.3        1,824.2  
Basic earnings per share
(Canadian dollars)
  
$
7.73
 
   $ 6.43      $ 6.26  
Diluted earnings per share
                          
Net income attributable to common shareholders
  
$
14,049
 
   $ 11,628      $ 11,416  
       
Net income available to common shareholders including impact of dilutive securities
  
 
14,049
 
     11,628        11,416  
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (millions)
  
 
1,817.7
 
     1,807.3        1,824.2  
Effect of dilutive securities
                          
       
Stock options potentially exercisable (millions)
1
  
 
2.5
 
     1.5        3.1  
       
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding – diluted (millions)
  
 
1,820.2
 
         1,808.8            1,827.3  
Diluted earnings per share
(Canadian dollars)
1
  
$
7.72
 
   $ 6.43      $ 6.25  
 
1
 
For the years ended October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2019, no outstanding options were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share. For the year ended October 31, 2020, the computation of diluted earnings per share excluded average options outstanding of 7.5 million with a weighted-average exercise price of $70.04, as the option price was greater than the average market price of the Bank’s common shares.
 
NOTE 27:   PROVISIONS, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES, COMMITMENTS, GUARANTEES, PLEDGED ASSETS, AND COLLATERAL
(a)
PROVISIONS
The following table summarizes the Bank’s provisions recorded in other liabilities.
 
Provisions
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
                        
 
  
 
Restructuring
 
 
 
Litigation and
Other
 
1
 
 
 
Total
 
Balance as at November 1, 2020
  
$
    90
 
 
$
    392
 
 
$
    482
 
Additions
  
 
58
 
 
 
203
 
 
 
261
 
Amounts used
  
 
(72
) 
 
 
(187
) 
 
 
(259
) 
Release of unused amounts
  
 
(11
) 
 
 
(8
) 
 
 
(19
) 
       
Foreign currency translation adjustments and other
  
 
(8
) 
 
 
(9
) 
 
 
(17
) 
       
Balance as at October 31, 2021, before allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet instruments
  
$
57
 
 
$
391
 
 
$
448
 
       
Add: Allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet instruments
2
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
856
 
Balance as at October 31, 2021
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
1,304
 
 
1
 
Includes onerous contracts for non-lease payments including taxes and estimated operating expenses which are included in Occupancy, including depreciation on the Consolidated Statement of Income.
2
 
Refer to Note 8 for further details.
(b)
LEGAL AND REGULATORY MATTERS
LITIGATION
In the ordinary course of business, the Bank and its subsidiaries are involved in various legal and regulatory actions including but not limited to civil claims and lawsuits, regulatory examinations, investigations, audits and requests for information by various governmental regulatory agencies and law enforcement authorities in various jurisdictions. The Bank establishes provisions when it becomes probable that the Bank will incur a loss and the amount can be reliably estimated. The Bank also estimates the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses (RPL) in its legal and regulatory actions (that is, those which are neither probable nor remote), in excess of provisions. As at October 31, 2021, the Bank’s RPL is from zero to approximately $1.45 billion (October 31, 2020 – from zero to approximately $951 million). The Bank’s provisions and RPL represent the Bank’s best estimates based upon currently available information for actions for which estimates can be made, but there are a number of factors that could cause the Bank’s provisions and/or RPL to be significantly different from its actual or RPL. For example, the Bank’s estimates involve significant judgment due to the varying stages of the proceedings, the existence of multiple defendants in many proceedings whose share of liability has yet to be determined, the numerous yet-unresolved issues in many of the proceedings, some of which are beyond the Bank’s control and/or involve novel legal theories and interpretations, the attendant uncertainty of the various potential outcomes of such proceedings, and the fact that the underlying matters will change from time to time. In addition, some actions seek very large or indeterminate damages.
In management’s opinion, based on its current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, the ultimate disposition of these actions, individually or in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition or the consolidated cash flows of the Bank. However, because of the factors listed above, as well as other uncertainties inherent in litigation and regulatory matters, there is a possibility that the ultimate resolution of legal or regulatory actions may be material to the Bank’s consolidated results of operations for any particular reporting period.
Stanford Litigation
 – The Bank was named as a defendant in
Rotstain v. Trustmark National Bank, et al.
, a putative class action lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas related to a US$7.2 billion Ponzi scheme perpetrated by R. Allen Stanford, the owner of Stanford International Bank, Limited (SIBL), an offshore bank based in Antigua. Plaintiffs purport to represent a class of investors in SIBL issued certificates of deposit. The Bank provided certain correspondent banking services to SIBL. Plaintiffs allege that the Bank and four other banks aided and abetted or conspired with Mr. Stanford to commit fraud and that the bank defendants received fraudulent transfers from SIBL by collecting fees for providing certain services.
The Official Stanford Investors Committee (OSIC), a court-approved committee representing investors, received permission to intervene in the lawsuit and has brought similar claims against all the bank defendants.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 8
7

The court denied in part and granted in part the Bank’s motion to dismiss the lawsuit on April 21, 2015. The court also entered a class certification scheduling order requiring the parties to conduct discovery and submit briefing regarding class certification. The class certification motion was fully submitted on October 26, 2015. The class plaintiffs filed an amended complaint asserting certain additional state law claims against the Bank on June 23, 2015. The Bank’s motion to dismiss the newly amended complaint in its entirety was fully submitted on August 18, 2015. On April 22, 2016, the Bank filed a motion to reconsider the court’s April 2015 dismissal decision with respect to certain claims by OSIC under the
Texas Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act
based on an intervening change in the law announced by the Texas Supreme Court on April 1, 2016. On July 28, 2016, the court issued a decision denying defendants’ motions to dismiss the class plaintiffs’ complaint and to reconsider with respect to OSIC’s complaint. The Bank filed its answer to the class plaintiffs’ complaint on August 26, 2016. OSIC filed an amended intervenor complaint against the Bank on November 4, 2016 and the Bank filed its answer to this amended complaint on December 19, 2016.
On November 7, 2017, the Court issued a decision denying the class certification motion. The court found that the plaintiffs failed to show that common issues of fact would predominate given the varying sales presentations they allegedly received.
On November 21, 2017, the class plaintiffs filed a Rule 23(f) petition seeking permission to appeal the District Court’s denial of class certification to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. The Bank filed an opposition to the class plaintiffs’ petition on December 4, 2017. The Fifth Circuit denied the class plaintiffs’ petition on April 20, 2018.
On February 28, 2019, the Bank, along with the other bank defendants, filed a motion for judgment on the pleadings in OSIC’s case seeking dismissal of three claims (aiding and abetting fraud, aiding and abetting conversion, and aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty). The motion was fully briefed as of April 4, 2019. On September 10, 2019, OSIC filed a motion for leave to amend its intervenor complaints against the Bank and the other bank defendants to insert additional factual allegations. The motion was fully briefed as of October 15, 2019. On June 15, 2020, the Northern District of Texas (N.D. Tex.) court granted OSIC’s motion for leave to amend its intervenor complaints against the Bank and the other bank defendants, and OSIC’s Second Amended Intervenor Complaint against the Bank and certain other bank defendants was filed on that same date. On July 10, 2020, the N.D. Tex. court so-ordered the parties’ agreed motion extending the Bank’s time to respond to the Second Amended Intervenor Complaint until July 31, 2020. On July 31, 2020, the Bank filed its answer to the Second Amended Intervenor Complaint. On July 7, 2020, the Bank, along with the other defendants, requested to withdraw the motion for judgment on the pleadings, and the court issued an order finding the motion moot on August 14, 2020.
On May 3, 2019, two groups of plaintiffs comprising more than 950 investors in certificates of deposit issued by SIBL, and those who purchased one or more of such investors’ claims, filed motions to intervene in OSIC’s case against the Bank and the other bank defendants. On September 18, 2019, the Court denied the motions to intervene. On October 14, 2019, one group of plaintiffs (comprising 147 investors) filed a notice of appeal to the Fifth Circuit, and briefing was complete on the appeal as of April 8, 2020. On October 7, 2020, the Fifth Circuit heard oral argument on the appeal. On February 3, 2021, the Fifth Circuit affirmed the Court’s denial of intervention. On February 17, 2021, the Bank and the other bank appellees filed a petition for rehearing of the Fifth Circuit’s decision regarding OSIC’s standing to pursue the intervenors’ claims. On March 12, 2021, the Fifth Circuit denied the petition for rehearing, but clarified its prior holding regarding OSIC’s standing to pursue the intervenors’ claims.
On November 1, 2019, a second group of plaintiffs (comprising 1,286 investors) filed a petition in Texas state court against the Bank and other bank defendants, captioned
Smith v. Independent Bank, et al.
, alleging claims similar to those alleged in the
Rotstain v. Trustmark National Bank, et al.
action. On November 26, 2019, the U.S. Receiver for the Stanford Receivership Estate filed a motion to enjoin the Texas state court action in the United States District Court for the N.D. Tex. On January 15, 2020, the Court granted the U.S. Receiver’s motion to enjoin the Texas state court action. On February 26, 2020, another defendant bank removed the Texas state court action to the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas (S.D. Tex.). On April 13, 2020, the removing bank defendant and plaintiffs requested that the S.D. Tex. court stay the action for an initial period of 120 days. On April 20, 2020, the S.D. Tex. court stayed all case deadlines until August 14, 2020. On July 14, 2020, the removing bank defendant and plaintiffs requested that the S.D. Tex. court extend the stay of the action for an additional period of 90 days. On July 19, 2020, the S.D. Tex. court extended the stay until November 14, 2020. On October 30, 2020, the removing bank defendant and plaintiffs requested that the S.D. Tex. court extend the stay of the action for an additional period of 60 days. On November 30, 2020, the S.D. Tex. court stayed and administratively closed Smith v. Independent Bank, et al., subject to reinstatement on the parties’ motion. On January 29, 2021, the removing bank defendant and plaintiffs requested that the S.D. Tex. Court extend the current stay and administrative closure for an additional period of 60 days. On February 1, 2021, the S.D. Tex. court granted the request. On April 2, 2021, the S.D. Tex. court granted a further stay until July 31, 2021, and the case remains administratively closed.
On February 12, 2021, the Bank and the other bank defendants filed motions for summary judgment in
Rotstain v. Trustmark National Bank, et al.
, and briefing was complete on the motions as of April 9, 2021.
On March 19, 2021, plaintiffs in Rotstain v. Trustmark National Bank, et al. filed a notice abandoning four of the seven claims asserted against the Bank: (i) aiding, abetting, or participation in fraudulent transfers; (ii) aiding, abetting or participation in a fraudulent scheme; (iii) aiding, abetting or participation in conversion; and (iv) civil conspiracy. On March 25, 2021, the N.D. Tex. court struck the May 6, 2021 ready-for-trial date to allow the trial court to set appropriate deadlines after remand.
On August 9, 2021, the Bank filed a motion for leave to file a second motion for summary judgment on the grounds that the remaining claims asserted by OSIC are precluded by the Ontario Superior Court of Justice’s June 8, 2021 judgment. The motion was fully briefed as of September 13, 2021.
The Bank was also a defendant in two cases filed in the Ontario Superior Court of Justice: (1) 
McDonald v. The Toronto-Dominion Bank
, an action filed by the Joint Liquidators of SIBL appointed by the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court, and (2) 
Dynasty Furniture Manufacturing Ltd., et al. v. The Toronto Dominion Bank
, an action filed by five investors in certificates of deposits sold by Stanford. The suits asserted that the Bank acted negligently and provided knowing assistance to SIBL’s fraud. The trial of both actions took place from January 11, 2021 to April 29, 2021. On June 8, 2021, the Superior Court rendered judgment dismissing both actions. On July 8, 2021, the Joint Liquidators filed an appeal of their action in the Court of Appeal for Ontario. There is no appeal in the Dynasty Furniture action. The Bank expects that the hearing of the appeal in the Joint Liquidators’ action will be in 2022.
Credit Card Fees
– Between 2011 and 2013, seven proposed class actions were commenced, five of which remain in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario and Québec:
Coburn and Watson’s Metropolitan Home v. Bank of America Corporation, et al
.;
Macaronies Hair Club v. BOFA Canada Bank, et al
.;
Hello Baby Equipment Inc. v. BOFA Canada Bank, et al.; Bancroft-Snell, et al. v. Visa Canada Corporation, et al.; and 9085-4886 Québec Inc. v. Visa Canada Corporation, et al
.
The plaintiff class members are Canadian merchants who accept payment for products and services by Visa Canada Corporation (Visa) and/or MasterCard International Incorporated (MasterCard) (collectively, the “Networks”). While there is some variance, in most of the actions it is alleged that, from March 2001 to the present, the Networks conspired with their issuing banks and acquirers to fix excessive fees and that certain rules have the effect of increasing the merchant fees.
The Bank, together with the remaining bank defendants, have collectively entered into a national settlement with the class. They will collectively pay a total of $120 million in exchange for the dismissal of the Credit Card Actions and other related litigation. The settlement must be approved by the five courts in which actions were filed. A joint settlement approval hearing of all five courts is scheduled for December 6, 2021.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 
88

Consumer Class Actions
– The Bank, along with several other Canadian financial institutions, is a defendant in a number of matters brought by consumers alleging provincial claims in connection with various fees, interest rate calculations, and credit decisions. The cases are in various stages of maturity.
TD Ameritrade Stockholder Litigation
– On May 12, 2020, a stockholder of TD Ameritrade Holding Corporation (“Ameritrade”) filed a class action complaint captioned
Hawkes v. Bettino, et al.
, CA No. 2020-0360-PAF, in the Delaware Court of Chancery challenging the transaction between Ameritrade and The Charles Schwab Corporation (“Schwab”). Among other claims, the initial complaint alleged that the merger was subject to Delaware’s interested stockholder statute but violated that statute because it had not been conditioned on approval of 66 2/3% of Ameritrade’s shares, excluding those held by the Bank and Schwab. On June 4, 2020, a sufficient percentage of Ameritrade’s shares were voted to approve the transaction and the plaintiff thereafter dismissed that claim. On February 5, 2021, the plaintiff filed an amended complaint naming as defendants the Bank, certain TD Bank-affiliated entities, the five former Ameritrade directors designated by the Bank, certain other former officers and directors of Ameritrade, and Schwab. The amended complaint alleges that the Bank was a controlling stockholder of Ameritrade and breached its fiduciary duties by negotiating an amended Insured Deposit Account Agreement with Schwab that improperly diverted merger consideration from Ameritrade’s other stockholders. The amended complaint further asserts breach of fiduciary duty claims against the Bank-designated directors and the other individual defendants based on the same allegations. Finally, the amended complaint alleges that Schwab aided and abetted the breaches by the other defendants. On April 29, 2021, all defendants moved to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim. The motion to dismiss hearing occurred on November 18, 2021.
(c)
COMMITMENTS
Credit-related Arrangements
In the normal course of business, the Bank enters into various commitments and contingent liability contracts. The primary purpose of these contracts is to make funds available for the financing needs of customers. The Bank’s policy for requiring collateral security with respect to these contracts and the types of collateral security held is generally the same as for loans made by the Bank.
Financial and performance standby letters of credit represent irrevocable assurances that the Bank will make payments in the event that a customer cannot meet its obligations to third parties and they carry the same credit risk, recourse, and collateral security requirements as loans extended to customers. Performance standby letters of credit are considered non-financial guarantees as payment does not depend on the occurrence of a credit event and is generally related to a non-financial trigger event.
Documentary and commercial letters of credit are instruments issued on behalf of a customer authorizing a third party to draw drafts on the Bank up to a certain amount subject to specific terms and conditions. The Bank is at risk for any drafts drawn that are not ultimately settled by the customer, and the amounts are collateralized by the assets to which they relate.
Commitments to extend credit represent unutilized portions of authorizations to extend credit in the form of loans and customers’ liability under acceptances. A discussion on the types of liquidity facilities the Bank provides to its securitization conduits is included in Note 10.
The values of credit instruments reported as follows represent the maximum amount of additional credit that the Bank could be obligated to extend should contracts be fully utilized.
 
Credit Instruments
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
 
 
  
 
As at
 
 
  
 
October 31
2021
 
 
     October 31
2020
 
 
Financial and performance standby letters of credit
  
$
31,153
 
   $ 30,849  
Documentary and commercial letters of credit
  
 
209
 
     107  
Commitments to extend credit
1
                 
Original term-to-maturity of one year or less
  
 
54,563
 
     66,902  
     
Original term-to-maturity of more than one year
  
 
173,489
 
     166,142  
Total
  
$
259,414
 
   $ 264,000  
 
1
 
Commitments to extend credit exclude personal lines of credit and credit card lines, which are unconditionally cancellable at the Bank’s discretion at any time.
In addition, as at October 31, 2021, the Bank is committed to fund $326 million (October 31, 2020 – $290 million) of private equity investments.
Long-term Commitments or Leases
The Bank has obligations under long-term non-cancellable leases for premises and equipment. The maturity profile for undiscounted lease liabilities is $35 million for 2022, $45 million for 2023, $110 million for 2024, $233 million for 2025, $345 million for 2026, $6,115 million for 2027, and thereafter. Total lease payments, including $14 million (October 31, 2020 – $19 million) paid for short-term and low-value asset leases, for the year ended October 31, 2021 were $746 million (October 31, 2020 – $754 million).
(d)
ASSETS SOLD WITH RECOURSE
In connection with its securitization activities, the Bank typically makes customary representations and warranties about the underlying assets which may result in an obligation to repurchase the assets. These representations and warranties attest that the Bank, as the seller, has executed the sale of assets in good faith, and in compliance with relevant laws and contractual requirements. In the event that they do not meet these criteria, the loans may be required to be repurchased by the Bank.
(e)
GUARANTEES
In addition to financial and performance standby letters of credit, the following types of transactions represent the principal guarantees that the Bank has entered into.
Credit Enhancements
The Bank guarantees payments to counterparties in the event that third-party credit enhancements supporting asset pools are insufficient.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 
89

Indemnification Agreements
In the normal course of operations, the Bank provides indemnification agreements to various counterparties in transactions such as service agreements, leasing transactions, and agreements relating to acquisitions and dispositions. Under these agreements, the Bank is required to compensate counterparties for costs incurred as a result of various contingencies such as changes in laws and regulations and litigation claims. The nature of certain indemnification agreements prevent the Bank from making a reasonable estimate of the maximum potential amount that the Bank would be required to pay such counterparties.
The Bank also indemnifies directors, officers, and other persons, to the extent permitted by law, against certain claims that may be made against them as a result of their services to the Bank or, at the Bank’s request, to another entity.
(f)
PLEDGED ASSETS AND COLLATERAL
In the ordinary course of business, securities and other assets are pledged against liabilities or contingent liabilities, including repurchase agreements, securitization liabilities, covered bonds, obligations related to securities sold short, and securities borrowing transactions. Assets are also deposited for the purposes of participation in clearing and payment systems and depositories or to have access to the facilities of central banks in foreign jurisdictions, or as security for contract settlements with derivative exchanges or other derivative counterparties.
Details of assets pledged against liabilities and collateral assets held or repledged are shown in the following table:
 
Sources and Uses of Pledged Assets and Collateral
1
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
 
 
 
 
As at
 
 
  
 
October 31
2021
 
 
    October 31
2020
 
 
Sources of pledged assets and collateral
                
Bank assets
                
Cash and due from banks
  
$
223
 
  $ 205  
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
  
 
6,580
 
    5,328  
Loans
  
 
85,698
 
    112,190  
Securities
  
 
98,199
 
    103,334  
     
Other assets
  
 
475
 
    422  
     
 
  
 
191,175
 
    221,479  
Third-party assets
2
                
Collateral received and available for sale or repledging
  
 
354,873
 
    336,325  
     
Less: Collateral not repledged
  
 
(85,248
) 
    (90,177 ) 
     
 
  
 
269,625
 
    246,148  
     
 
  
 
460,800
 
    467,627  
Uses of pledged assets and collateral
3
                
Derivatives
  
 
14,864
 
    12,002  
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements
  
 
170,314
 
    189,659  
Securities borrowing and lending
  
 
119,916
 
    104,085  
Obligations related to securities sold short
  
 
34,424
 
    32,770  
Securitization
  
 
29,030
 
    32,513  
Covered bond
  
 
31,152
 
    41,434  
Clearing systems, payment systems, and depositories
  
 
9,261
 
    8,976  
Foreign governments and central banks
  
 
1,010
 
    1,148  
     
Other
  
 
50,829
 
    45,040  
Total
  
$
460,800
 
  $ 467,627  
 
1
 
Certain comparative amounts have been restated to conform with the presentation adopted in the current year.
2
Includes collateral received from reverse repurchase agreements, securities borrowing, margin loans, and other client activity.
 
3
Includes $
48.7
 
billion of on-balance sheet assets that the Bank has pledged and that the counterparty can subsequently repledge as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $56.3 billion).
 
NOTE 28:  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability to directly or indirectly control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial or operational decisions. The Bank’s related parties include key management personnel, their close family members and their related entities, subsidiaries, associates, joint ventures, and post-employment benefit plans for the Bank’s employees.
TRANSACTIONS WITH KEY MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL, THEIR CLOSE FAMILY MEMBERS, AND THEIR RELATED ENTITIES
Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing, and controlling the activities of the Bank, directly or indirectly. The Bank considers certain of its officers and directors to be key management personnel. The Bank makes loans to its key management personnel, their close family members, and their related entities on market terms and conditions with the exception of banking products and services for key management personnel, which are subject to approved policy guidelines that govern all employees.
As at October 31, 2021, $150 million (October 31, 2020 – $449 million) of related party loans were outstanding from key management personnel, their close family members, and their related entities.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 9
0

COMPENSATION
The remuneration of key management personnel was as follows: 
 
Compensation
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
For the years ended October 31
 
 
  
 
2021
 
  
 
2020
  
 
2019
Short-term employee benefits
  
$
    31
 
   $     27      $     33  
Post-employment benefits
  
 
1
 
     1        2  
       
Share-based payments
  
 
39
 
     30        35  
Total
  
$
71
 
   $ 58      $ 70  
In addition, the Bank offers deferred share and other plans to non-employee directors, executives, and certain other key employees. Refer to Note 23 for further details.
In the ordinary course of business, the Bank also provides various banking services to associated and other related corporations on terms similar to those offered to non-related parties.
TRANSACTIONS WITH SUBSIDIARIES, SCHWAB, TD AMERITRADE, AND SYMCOR INC.
Transactions between the Bank and its subsidiaries meet the definition of related party transactions. If these transactions are eliminated on consolidation, they are not disclosed as related party transactions.
Transactions between the Bank, Schwab, TD Ameritrade, and Symcor Inc. (Symcor) also qualify as related party transactions. There were no significant transactions between the Bank, Schwab, TD Ameritrade, and Symcor during the year ended October 31, 2021, other than as described in the following sections and in Note 12.
i) TRANSACTIONS WITH SCHWAB AND TD AMERITRADE
A description of significant transactions between the Bank and its affiliates with Schwab and TD Ameritrade is set forth below.
Insured Deposit Account Agreement
The Bank is party to the Schwab IDA Agreement which became effective on the completion of the Schwab transaction on October 6, 2020 and has an initial expiration date of July 1, 2031. Pursuant to the Schwab IDA Agreement, the Bank makes Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)-insured (up to specified limits) deposit accounts available to clients of Schwab. Schwab provides recordkeeping and support services with respect to the Schwab IDA Agreement. The servicing fee under the Schwab IDA Agreement is set at 15 basis points (bps) per annum on the aggregate average daily balance in the sweep accounts. Starting on July 1, 2021, deposits under the Schwab IDA Agreement, which were $176 billion (US$142 billion) as at October 31, 2021, can be reduced at Schwab’s option by up to US$10 billion in a year (subject to certain adjustments), with a floor of US$50 billion. The Bank paid fees of $1.6 billion during the year ended October 31, 2021 to Schwab related to sweep deposit accounts (for the period from October 6, 2020 to October 31, 2020 – $136 million). The amount paid by the Bank is based on the average insured deposit balance of $186 billion for the year ended October 31, 2021 (for the period from October 6, 2020 to October 31, 2020 – $194 billion) and yields based on agreed upon market benchmarks, less the actual interest paid to clients of Schwab.
Prior to the Schwab IDA Agreement becoming effective on completion of the Schwab transaction, the Bank was party to an insured deposit account agreement with TD Ameritrade (the “TD Ameritrade IDA Agreement”). Pursuant to the TD Ameritrade IDA Agreement, the Bank made FDIC-insured (up to specified limits) deposit accounts available to clients of TD Ameritrade as either designated sweep vehicles or as non-sweep deposit accounts. TD Ameritrade provided marketing and support services with respect to the TD Ameritrade IDA Agreement. The Bank earned a servicing fee of 25 bps per annum on the aggregate average daily balance in the sweep accounts (subject to adjustment based on a specified formula). The Bank paid fees of $1.9 billion during the year ended October 31, 2020 prior to completion of the Schwab transaction (October 31, 2019 – $2.2 billion) to TD Ameritrade related to sweep deposit accounts. The amount paid by the Bank was based on the average insured deposit balance of $176 billion for the year ended October 31, 2020 prior to completion of the Schwab transaction (October 31, 2019 – $140 billion) and yields based on agreed upon market benchmarks, less the actual interest paid to clients of TD Ameritrade.
As at October 31, 2021, amounts receivable from Schwab were $26 million (October 31, 2020 – $75 million). As at October 31, 2021, amounts payable to Schwab were $195 million (October 31, 2020 – $344 million).
The Bank and other financial institutions provided Schwab and its subsidiaries with unsecured revolving loan facilities. The total commitment provided by the Bank was $95 million, which was undrawn as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – $305 million undrawn).
ii) TRANSACTIONS WITH SYMCOR
The Bank has one-third ownership in Symcor, a Canadian provider of business process outsourcing services offering a diverse portfolio of integrated solutions in item processing, statement processing and production, and cash management services. The Bank accounts for Symcor’s results using the equity method of accounting. During the year ended October 31, 2021, the Bank paid $76 million (October 31, 2020 – $78 million; October 31, 2019 – $81 million) for these services. As at October 31, 2021, the amount payable to Symcor was $12 million (October 31, 2020 – $12 million).
The Bank and two other shareholder banks have also provided a $100 million unsecured loan facility to Symcor which was undrawn as at October 31, 2021, and October 31, 2020.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 9
1

NOTE 29:  SEGMENTED INFORMATION
For management reporting purposes, the Bank reports its results under three key business segments: Canadian Retail, which includes the results of the Canadian personal and commercial banking businesses, Canadian credit cards, TD Auto Finance Canada, and Canadian wealth and insurance businesses; U.S. Retail, which includes the results of the U.S. personal and business banking operations, U.S. credit cards, TD Auto Finance U.S., U.S. wealth business, and the Bank’s investment in Schwab; and Wholesale Banking. The Bank’s other activities are grouped into the Corporate segment.
Canadian Retail is comprised of Canadian personal and commercial banking, which provides financial products and services to personal, small business, and commercial customers, TD Auto Finance Canada, the Canadian credit card business, the Canadian wealth business, which provides investment products and services to institutional and retail investors, and the insurance business. U.S. Retail is comprised of the personal and business banking operations in the U.S. operating under the brand TD Bank, America’s Most Convenient Bank
®
, primarily in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic regions and Florida, and the U.S. wealth business, including Epoch and the Bank’s equity investment in Schwab. Wholesale Banking provides a wide range of capital markets, investment banking, and corporate banking products and services, including underwriting and distribution of new debt and equity issues, providing advice on strategic acquisitions and divestitures, and meeting the daily trading, funding, and investment needs of the Bank’s clients. The Bank’s other activities are grouped into the Corporate segment. The Corporate segment includes the effects of certain asset securitization programs, treasury management, the collectively assessed allowance for incurred but not identified credit losses in Canadian Retail and Wholesale Banking, elimination of taxable equivalent adjustments and other management reclassifications, corporate level tax items, and residual unallocated revenue and expenses.
The results of each business segment reflect revenue, expenses, and assets generated by the businesses in that segment. Due to the complexity of the Bank, its management reporting model uses various estimates, assumptions, allocations, and risk-based methodologies for funds transfer pricing, inter-segment revenue, income tax rates, capital, indirect expenses and cost transfers to measure business segment results. The basis of allocation and methodologies are reviewed periodically to align with management’s evaluation of the Bank’s business segments. Transfer pricing of funds is generally applied at market rates. Inter-segment revenue is negotiated between each business segment and approximates the fair value of the services provided. Income tax provision or recovery is generally applied to each segment based on a statutory tax rate and may be adjusted for items and activities unique to each segment. Amortization of intangibles acquired as a result of business combinations is included in the Corporate segment. Accordingly, net income for business segments is presented before amortization of these intangibles.
Non-interest income is earned by the Bank primarily through investment and securities services, credit fees, trading income, service charges, card services, and insurance revenues. Revenues from investment and securities services are earned predominantly in the Canadian Retail segment with the remainder earned in Wholesale Banking and U.S. Retail. Revenues from credit fees are primarily earned in the Wholesale Banking and Canadian Retail segments. Trading income is earned within Wholesale Banking. Both service charges and card services revenue are mainly earned in the U.S. Retail and Canadian Retail segments. Insurance revenue is earned in the Canadian Retail segment.
Net interest income within Wholesale Banking is calculated on a taxable equivalent basis (TEB), which means that the value of non-taxable or tax-exempt income, including dividends, is adjusted to its equivalent before-tax value. Using TEB allows the Bank to measure income from all securities and loans consistently and makes for a more meaningful comparison of net interest income with similar institutions. The TEB adjustment reflected in Wholesale Banking is reversed in the Corporate segment.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 9
2

The following table summarizes the segment results for the years ended October 31, 2021, October 31, 2020, and October 31, 2019.
 
Results by Business Segment
1,2
                                    
(millions of Canadian dollars)   
For the years ended October 31
 
                                 
2021
 
     
Canadian
Retail
    
U.S.
Retail
   
Wholesale
Banking
3
   
Corporate
3
   
Total
 
Net interest income (loss)
  
$
    11,957
 
  
$
    8,074
 
 
$
    2,630
 
 
$
    1,470
 
 
$
    24,131
 
           
Non-interest income (loss)
  
 
13,549
 
  
 
2,684
 
 
 
2,070
 
 
 
259
 
 
 
18,562
 
           
Total revenue
  
 
25,506
 
  
 
10,758
 
 
 
4,700
 
 
 
1,729
 
 
 
42,693
 
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses
  
 
258
 
  
 
(250
) 
 
 
(118
) 
 
 
(114
) 
 
 
(224
) 
Insurance claims and related expenses
  
 
2,707
 
  
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
2,707
 
           
Non-interest expenses
  
 
11,003
 
  
 
6,417
 
 
 
2,709
 
 
 
2,947
 
 
 
23,076
 
           
Income (loss) before income taxes and share of net income from investment in Schwab
  
 
11,538
 
  
 
4,591
 
 
 
2,109
 
 
 
(1,104
) 
 
 
17,134
 
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes
  
 
3,057
 
  
 
504
 
 
 
539
 
 
 
(479
) 
 
 
3,621
 
           
Share of net income from investment in Schwab
4,5
  
 
–
 
  
 
898
 
 
 
–
 
 
 
(113
) 
 
 
785
 
           
Net income (loss)
  
$
8,481
 
  
$
4,985
 
 
$
1,570
 
 
$
(738
) 
 
$
14,298
 
                                           
Total assets as at October 31, 2021
  
$
509,436
 
  
$
559,503
 
 
$
514,681
 
 
$
145,052
 
 
$
1,728,672
 
                                 
                                   2020  
Net interest income (loss)
   $ 12,061      $ 8,834     $ 1,990     $ 1,612     $ 24,497  
           
Non-interest income (loss)
     12,272        2,438       2,968       1,471       19,149  
           
Total revenue
     24,333        11,272       4,958       3,083       43,646  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses
     2,746        2,925       508       1,063       7,242  
Insurance claims and related expenses
     2,886        –       –       –       2,886  
           
Non-interest expenses
     10,441        6,579       2,518       2,066       21,604  
           
Income (loss) before income taxes and share of net income from investment in TD Ameritrade
     8,260        1,768       1,932       (46 )      11,914  
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes
     2,234        (167 )      514       (1,429 )      1,152  
           
Share of net income from investment in TD Ameritrade
5
     –        1,091       –       42       1,133  
           
Net income (loss)
   $ 6,026      $ 3,026     $ 1,418     $ 1,425     $ 11,895  
                                           
Total assets as at October 31, 2020
   $ 472,370      $ 566,629     $ 512,886     $     163,980     $ 1,715,865  
                                 
                                   2019  
Net interest income (loss)
   $ 12,349      $ 8,951     $ 911     $ 1,610     $ 23,821  
           
Non-interest income (loss)
     11,877        2,840       2,320       207       17,244  
           
Total revenue
     24,226        11,791       3,231       1,817       41,065  
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses
     1,306        1,082       44       597       3,029  
Insurance claims and related expenses
     2,787        –       –       –       2,787  
           
Non-interest expenses
     10,735        6,411       2,393       2,481       22,020  
           
Income (loss) before income taxes and share of net income from investment in TD Ameritrade
     9,398        4,298       794       (1,261 )      13,229  
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes
     2,535        471       186       (457 )      2,735  
           
Share of net income from investment in TD Ameritrade
5
     –        1,154       –       38       1,192  
           
Net income (loss)
   $ 6,863      $ 4,981     $ 608     $ (766 )    $ 11,686  
                                           
Total assets as at October 31, 2019
   $     452,163      $     436,086     $     458,420     $ 68,621     $     1,415,290  
 
1
 
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current year.
2
 
The retailer program partners’ share of revenues and credit losses is presented in the Corporate segment, with an offsetting amount (representing the partners’ net share) recorded in Non-interest expenses, resulting in no impact to Corporate reported Net income (loss). The Net income (loss) included in the U.S. Retail segment includes only the portion of revenue and credit losses attributable to the Bank under the agreements.
3
 
Net interest income within Wholesale Banking is calculated on a TEB. The TEB adjustment reflected in Wholesale Banking is reversed in the Corporate segment.
4
 
The after-tax amounts for amortization of acquired intangibles and the Bank’s share of acquisition and integration charges associated with Schwab’s acquisition of TD Ameritrade are recorded in the Corporate segment.
5
 
The Bank’s share of Schwab’s and TD Ameritrade’s earnings is reported with a one-month lag. Refer to Note 12 for further details.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 9
3

RESULTS BY GEOGRAPHY
For reporting of geographic results, segments are grouped into Canada, United States, and Other international. Transactions are primarily recorded in the location responsible for recording the revenue or assets. This location frequently corresponds with the location of the legal entity through which the business is conducted and the location of the customer.
 
Results by Geography
1
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
For the years
ended October 31
 
  
 
As at October 31
 
  
 
2021
 
  
 
2021
 
  
  
Total revenue
 
  
Total assets
 
Canada
  
$
26,664
 
  
$
935,856
 
United States
  
 
14,091
 
  
 
652,829
 
     
Other international
  
 
1,938
 
  
 
139,987
 
Total
  
$
42,693
 
  
$
1,728,672
 
     
        
2020
     2020  
Canada
   $     24,141      $ 916,798  
United States
     15,213        679,369  
     
Other international
     4,292        119,698  
Total
   $ 43,646      $     1,715,865  
     
        
2019
     2019  
Canada
   $ 23,681      $ 769,314  
United States
     15,396        524,397  
     
Other international
     1,988        121,579  
Total
   $ 41,065      $ 1,415,290  
 
1
 
Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform with the presentation adopted in the current year.
 
NOTE 30:  INTEREST INCOME AND EXPENSE
The following table presents interest income and interest expense by basis of accounting measurement.
 
Interest Income and Expense
1
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
(millions of Canadian dollars)
  
 
For the years ended October 31
 
    
2021
     2020  
 
  
 
Interest income
    
 
Interest expense
       Interest income        Interest expense  
Measured at amortized cost
2
  
$
    25,641
 
  
$
3,394
 
   $ 30,933      $ 6,547  
         
Measured at FVOCI
  
 
576
 
  
 
n/a
 
     1,543        n/a  
    
 
26,217
 
  
 
3,394
 
     32,476        6,547  
         
Not measured at amortized cost or FVOCI
3
  
 
3,364
 
  
 
2,056
 
     3,357        4,789  
Total
  
$
29,581
 
  
$
    5,450
 
   $     35,833      $     11,336  
 
1
 
Certain comparative amounts have been restated to conform with the presentation adopted in the current year.
2
 
Includes interest expense on lease liabilities for the year ended October 31, 2021 of $
144
 million (October 31, 2020 – $
153
million)
.
3
 
Includes interest income, interest expense, and dividend income for financial instruments that are measured or designated at FVTPL and equities designated at FVOCI.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 9
4

NOTE 31:  CREDIT RISK
Concentration of credit risk exists where a number of borrowers or counterparties are engaged in similar activities, are located in the same geographic area or have comparable economic characteristics. Their ability to meet contractual obligations may be similarly affected by changing economic, political or other conditions. The Bank’s portfolio could be sensitive to changing conditions in particular geographic regions.
Concentration of Credit Risk
(millions of Canadian dollars,   
As at
 
except as noted)   
Loans and customers
'
 liability
under acceptances
1,2
   
Credit Instruments
3,4
   
Derivative financial
instruments
5,6
 
             
     
October 31
2021
    October 31
2020
   
October 31
2021
    October 31
2020
   
October 31
2021
    October 31
2020
 
Canada
  
 
70
 % 
    66  %   
 
36
 % 
    37  %   
 
25
 % 
    24  % 
United States
  
 
29
 
    33    
 
59
 
    59    
 
34
 
    27  
United Kingdom
  
 
–
 
    –    
 
1
 
    1    
 
13
 
    22  
Europe – other
  
 
–
 
    –    
 
3
 
    2    
 
18
 
    18  
             
Other international
  
 
1
 
    1    
 
1
 
    1    
 
10
 
    9  
             
Total
  
 
100
 % 
    100  %   
 
100
 % 
    100  %   
 
100
 % 
    100  % 
 
  
$
    742,672
 
  $     734,958    
$
    259,414
 
  $     264,000    
$
    49,929
 
  $     51,225  
 
1
 
Of the total loans and customers’ liability under acceptances, the only industry segment which equalled or exceeded
5
% of the total concentration as at October 31, 2021 was real estate 10% (October 31, 2020 – 10%).
2
 
Includes loans that are measured at FVOCI.
3
 
As at October 31, 2021, the Bank had commitments and contingent liability contracts in the amount of $259 billion (October 31, 2020 – $264 billion). Included are commitments to extend credit totalling $228 billion (October 31, 2020 – $233 billion), of which the credit risk is dispersed as detailed in the table above.
4
 
Of the commitments to extend credit, industry segments which equalled or exceeded 5% of the total concentration were as follows as at October 31, 2021: financial institutions 21% (October 31, 2020 – 21%); automotive 9% (October 31, 2020 – 9%); pipelines, oil and gas 8% (October 31, 2020 – 10%); power and utilities 7% (October 31, 2020 – 8%); sundry manufacturing and wholesale 7% (October 31, 2020 – 7%); professional and other services 7% (October 31, 2020 – 6%); telecommunications, cable, and media 6% (October 31, 2020 – 6%).
5
 
As at October 31, 2021, the current replacement cost of derivative financial instruments, excluding the impact of master netting agreements and collateral, amounted to $50 billion (October 31, 2020 – $51 billion). Based on the location of the ultimate counterparty, the credit risk was allocated as detailed in the table above. The table excludes the fair value of exchange traded derivatives.
6
 
The largest concentration by counterparty type was with financial institutions (including non-banking financial institutions), which accounted for 70% of the total as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – 64%). The second largest concentration was with governments, which accounted for 19% of the total as at October 31, 2021 (October 31, 2020 – 24%). No other industry segment exceeded 5% of the total.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
AND NOTES
 
Page 95

The following table presents the maximum exposure to credit risk of financial instruments, before taking account of any collateral held or other credit enhancements.
Gross Maximum Credit Risk Exposure
(millions of Canadian dollars)           
As at
 
     
     
October 31
2021
     October 31
2020
 
Cash and due from banks
  
$
5,931
 
   $ 6,445  
Interest-bearing deposits with banks
  
 
159,962
 
     164,149  
Securities
1
                 
Financial assets designated at fair value through profit or loss
                 
Government and government-insured securities
  
 
2,161
 
     2,069  
Other debt securities
  
 
2,403
 
     2,668  
Trading
                 
Government and government-insured securities
  
 
42,048
 
     59,037  
Other debt securities
  
 
18,365
 
     18,968  
Retained interest
  
 
9
 
     14  
Non-trading securities at fair value through profit or loss
                 
Government and government-insured securities
  
 
155
 
     388  
Other debt securities
  
 
6,320
 
     4,114  
Securities at fair value through other comprehensive income
                 
Government and government-insured securities
  
 
57,780
 
     78,283  
Other debt securities
  
 
15,085
 
     19,901  
Debt securities at amortized cost
                 
Government and government-insured securities
  
 
208,559
 
     174,593  
Other debt securities
  
 
60,380
 
     53,086  
Securities purchased under reverse purchase agreements
  
 
167,284
 
     169,162  
Derivatives
2
  
 
54,427
 
     54,242  
Loans
                 
Residential mortgages
  
 
268,079
 
     251,915  
Consumer instalment and other personal
  
 
188,291
 
     183,440  
Credit card
  
 
28,933
 
     29,778  
Business and government
  
 
237,319
 
     252,390  
Trading loans
  
 
12,405
 
     12,959  
Non-trading loans at fair value through profit or loss
  
 
2,337
 
     3,718  
Loans at fair value through other comprehensive income
  
 
1,602
 
     2,502  
Customers’ liability under acceptances
  
 
18,448
 
     14,941  
Amounts receivable from brokers, dealers, and clients
  
 
32,357
 
     33,951  
     
Other assets
  
 
5,927
 
     7,326  
Total assets
  
 
1,596,567
 
     1,600,039  
Credit instruments
3
  
 
259,414
 
     264,000  
     
Unconditionally cancellable commitments to extend credit relating to personal lines of credit and credit card lines
  
 
318,025
 
     320,823  
Total credit exposure
  
$
    2,174,006
 
   $     2,184,862  
 
1
 
Excludes equity securities.
2
 
The carrying amount of the derivative assets represents the maximum credit risk exposure related to derivative contracts.
3
 
The balance represents the maximum amount of additional funds that the Bank could be obligated to extend should the contracts be fully utilized. The actual maximum exposure may differ from the amount reported above. Refer to Note 27 for further details.
 
 
NOTE 32:  REGULATORY CAPITAL
The Bank manages its capital under guidelines established by OSFI. The regulatory capital guidelines measure capital in relation to credit, trading market, and operational risks. The Bank has various capital policies, procedures, and controls which it utilizes to achieve its goals and objectives.
The Bank’s capital management objectives are:
•
 
To be an appropriately capitalized financial institution as determined by:
 
–
the Bank’s Risk Appetite Statement;
 
–
capital requirements defined by relevant regulatory authorities; and
 
–
the Bank’s internal assessment of capital requirements, including stress test analysis, consistent with the Bank’s risk profile and risk tolerance levels.
•
 
To have the most economic weighted-average cost of capital achievable, while preserving the appropriate mix of capital elements to meet targeted capitalization levels.
•
 
To ensure ready access to sources of appropriate capital, at reasonable cost, in order to:
 
–
insulate the Bank from unexpected loss events; and
 
–
support and facilitate business growth and/or acquisitions consistent with the Bank’s strategy and risk appetite.
•
 
To support strong external debt ratings, in order to manage the Bank’s overall cost of funds and to maintain access to required funding.
These objectives are applied in a manner consistent with the Bank’s overall objective of providing a satisfactory return on shareholders’ equity.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
 
Page 96

Basel III Capital Framework
Capital requirements of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision are commonly referred to as Basel III. Under Basel III, Total Capital consists of three components, namely CET1, Additional Tier 1, and Tier 2 Capital. Risk sensitive regulatory capital ratios are calculated by dividing CET1, Tier 1, and Total Capital by RWA, inclusive of any minimum requirements outlined under the regulatory floor. In 2015, Basel III also implemented a non-risk sensitive leverage ratio to act as a supplementary measure to the risk-sensitive capital requirements. The objective of the leverage ratio is to constrain the build-up of excess leverage in the banking sector. The leverage ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 Capital by leverage exposure which is primarily comprised of
on-balance
sheet assets with adjustments made to derivative and securities financing transaction exposures, and credit equivalent amounts of off-balance sheet exposures.
Capital Position and Capital Ratios
The Basel framework allows qualifying banks to determine capital levels consistent with the way they measure, manage, and mitigate risks. It specifies methodologies for the measurement of credit, trading market, and operational risks. The Bank uses the AIRB approach to credit risk for all material portfolios. In the third quarter of 2020, OSFI approved the Bank to calculate the non-retail portfolio credit RWA in U.S. Retail segment using the AIRB approach.
For accounting purposes, IFRS is followed for consolidation of subsidiaries and joint ventures. For regulatory capital purposes, all subsidiaries of the Bank are consolidated except for insurance subsidiaries which are deconsolidated and follow prescribed treatment per OSFI’s CAR guidelines. Insurance subsidiaries are subject to their own capital adequacy reporting, such as OSFI’s Life Insurance Capital Adequacy Test.
Some of the Bank’s subsidiaries are individually regulated by either OSFI or other regulators. Many of these entities have minimum capital requirements which may limit the Bank’s ability to extract capital or funds for other uses.
During the year ended October 31, 2021, the Bank complied with the OSFI Basel III guidelines related to capital ratios and the leverage ratio. Effective January 1, 2016, OSFI’s target CET1, Tier 1, and Total Capital ratios for Canadian banks designated as domestic systemically important banks (D-SIBs) includes a 1% common equity capital surcharge bringing the targets to 8%, 9.5%, and 11.5%, respectively. On June 25, 2018, OSFI provided greater transparency related to previously undisclosed Pillar 2 CET1 capital buffers through the introduction of the public DSB which is held by D-SIBs against Pillar 2 risks. The current buffer is set at 2.5% of total RWA and must be met with CET1 Capital, effectively raising the OSFI CET1 minimum target to 10.5%. In addition, on November 22, 2019, the Bank was designated a global systemically important bank (G-SIB). The OSFI target includes the greater of the D-SIB or
G-SIB
surcharge, both of which are currently 1%.
The following table summarizes the Bank’s regulatory capital position as at October 31, 2021 and October 31, 2020.
 
Regulatory Capital Position
1
              
(millions of Canadian dollars, except as noted)   
As at
 
     
October 31
2021
    October 31
2020
 
Capital
                
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital
  
$
    69,937
 
  $ 62,616  
Tier 1 Capital
  
 
75,716
 
    69,091  
Total Capital
  
 
87,987
 
    80,021  
Risk-weighted assets used in the calculation of capital ratios
  
 
460,270
 
        478,909  
Capital and leverage ratios
                
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital ratio
  
 
15.2
 % 
    13.1 % 
Tier 1 Capital ratio
  
 
16.5
 
    14.4  
Total Capital ratio
  
 
19.1
 
    16.7  
     
Leverage ratio
  
 
4.8
 
    4.5  
 
1
 
Includes capital adjustments provided by OSFI in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Refer to “Capital Position” section of the MD&A for additional detail.
 
NOTE 33:  RISK MANAGEMENT
The risk management policies and procedures of the Bank are provided in the MD&A. The shaded sections of the “Managing Risk” section of the MD&A relating to credit, market, liquidity, and insurance risks are an integral part of the 2021 Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 9
7

NOTE 34:  INFORMATION ON SUBSIDIARIES
The following is a list of the directly or indirectly held significant subsidiaries.
 
SIGNIFICANT SUBSIDIARIES
1
 
             
(millions of Canadian dollars)
        
October 31, 2021
 
North America
  
Address of Head
or Principal Office
2
 
  
Carrying value of shares
owned by the Bank
3
 
 
Meloche Monnex Inc.
   Montreal, Québec   
$
    2,354
 
Security National Insurance Company
   Montreal, Québec         
Primmum Insurance Company
   Toronto, Ontario         
TD Direct Insurance Inc.
   Toronto, Ontario         
TD General Insurance Company
   Toronto, Ontario         
TD Home and Auto Insurance Company
   Toronto, Ontario   
 
 
 
TD Wealth Holdings Canada Limited
   Toronto, Ontario   
 
5,085
 
TD Asset Management Inc.
   Toronto, Ontario         
GMI Servicing Inc.
   Regina, Saskatchewan         
TD Waterhouse Private Investment Counsel Inc.
   Toronto, Ontario         
TD Waterhouse Canada Inc.
   Toronto, Ontario   
 
 
 
     
TD Auto Finance (Canada) Inc.
   Toronto, Ontario   
 
3,321
 
TD Group US Holdings LLC
   Wilmington, Delaware   
 
68,575
 
Toronto Dominion Holdings (U.S.A.), Inc.
   New York, New York         
TD Prime Services LLC
   New York, New York         
TD Securities Automated Trading LLC
   Chicago, Illinois         
TD Securities (USA) LLC
   New York, New York         
Toronto Dominion (Texas) LLC
   New York, New York         
Toronto Dominion (New York) LLC
   New York, New York         
Toronto Dominion Capital (U.S.A.), Inc.
   New York, New York         
Toronto Dominion Investments, Inc.
   New York, New York         
TD Bank US Holding Company
   Cherry Hill, New Jersey         
Epoch Investment Partners, Inc.
   New York, New York         
TDAM USA Inc.
   New York, New York         
TD Bank USA, National Association
   Cherry Hill, New Jersey         
TD Bank, National Association
   Cherry Hill, New Jersey         
TD Auto Finance LLC
   Farmington Hills, Michigan         
TD Equipment Finance, Inc.
   Cherry Hill, New Jersey         
TD Private Client Wealth LLC
   New York, New York         
TD Wealth Management Services Inc.
   Mt. Laurel, New Jersey   
 
 
 
     
TD Investment Services Inc.
   Toronto, Ontario   
 
38
 
     
TD Life Insurance Company
   Toronto, Ontario   
 
93
 
TD Mortgage Corporation
   Toronto, Ontario   
 
11,041
 
TD Pacific Mortgage Corporation
   Vancouver, British Columbia         
The Canada Trust Company
   Toronto, Ontario   
 
 
 
     
TD Securities Inc.
   Toronto, Ontario   
 
2,656
 
TD Vermillion Holdings Limited
   Toronto, Ontario   
 
27,487
 
TD Financial International Ltd.
   Hamilton, Bermuda         
TD Reinsurance (Barbados) Inc.
   St. James, Barbados   
 
 
 
     
International
  
 
  
 
 
 
TD Ireland Unlimited Company
   Dublin, Ireland   
 
1,322
 
TD Global Finance Unlimited Company
   Dublin, Ireland   
 
 
 
     
TD Securities (Japan) Co. Ltd.
   Tokyo, Japan   
 
12
 
     
Toronto Dominion Australia Limited
   Sydney, Australia   
 
100
 
Toronto Dominion Investments B.V.
   London, England   
 
1,022
 
TD Bank Europe Limited
   London, England         
Toronto Dominion Holdings (U.K.) Limited
   London, England         
TD Securities Limited
   London, England   
 
 
 
     
Toronto Dominion (South East Asia) Limited
   Singapore, Singapore   
 
1,054
 
 
1
 
Unless otherwise noted, The Toronto-Dominion Bank, either directly or through its subsidiaries, owns 100% of the entity and/or 100% of any issued and outstanding voting securities and non-voting securities of the entities listed.
2
 
Each subsidiary is incorporated or organized in the country in which its head or principal office is located, with the exception of Toronto Dominion Investments B.V., a company incorporated in The Netherlands, but with its principal office in the United Kingdom.
3
 
Carrying amounts are prepared for purposes of meeting the disclosure requirements of Section 308 (3)(a)(ii) of the
Bank Act
. Intercompany transactions may be included herein which are eliminated for consolidated financial reporting purposes.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 9
8

SUBSIDIARIES WITH RESTRICTIONS TO TRANSFER FUNDS
Certain of the Bank’s subsidiaries have regulatory requirements to fulfil, in accordance with applicable law, in order to transfer funds, including paying dividends to, repaying loans to, or redeeming subordinated debentures issued to, the Bank. These customary requirements include, but are not limited to:
•  
Local regulatory capital and/or surplus adequacy requirements;
•  
Basel requirements under Pillar 1 and Pillar 2;
•  
Local regulatory approval requirements; and
•  
Local corporate and/or securities laws.
As at October 31, 2021, the net assets of subsidiaries subject to regulatory or CAR was $90.5 billion (October 31, 2020 – $95.0 billion), before intercompany eliminations.
In addition to regulatory requirements outlined above, the Bank may be subject to significant restrictions on its ability to use the assets or settle the liabilities of members of its group. Key contractual restrictions may arise from the provision of collateral to third parties in the normal course of business, for example through secured financing transactions; assets securitized which are not subsequently available for transfer by the Bank; and assets transferred into other consolidated and unconsolidated structured entities. The impact of these restrictions has been disclosed in Notes 9 and 27.
 
TD BANK GROUP
•
2021 ANNUAL REPORT
•
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND NOTES
  Page 
99




Exhibit 99.4

 

 

RETURN ON ASSETS, DIVIDEND PAYOUTS, AND EQUITY TO ASSETS RATIOS1,2

      

 

     For the three months ended     For the year ended  
      October 31
2021
    July 31
2021
    April 30
2021
    January 31
2021
    October 31
2021
    October 31
2020
    October 31
2019
 

Return on Assets–reported3

     0.84  %      0.81  %      0.86  %      0.73  %      0.81  %      0.72  %      0.82  % 

Return on Assets–adjusted4

     0.86       0.83       0.88       0.75       0.83       0.60       0.88  

Dividend Payout Ratio–reported5

     38.7       41.2       39.5       44.6       40.9       48.4       46.2  

Dividend Payout Ratio–adjusted6

     37.8       40.2       38.7       43.2       39.9       57.9       43.1  

Equity to Asset Ratio7

     5.7       5.6       5.4       5.4       5.6       5.7       6.1  
1 

Calculated pursuant to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Industry Guide 3.

2 

The Bank prepares its consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the current generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), and refers to results prepared in accordance with IFRS as the “reported” results. The Bank also utilizes non-GAAP financial measures such as “adjusted” results (i.e. reported results excluding “items of note”) and non-GAAP ratios to assess each of its businesses and measure overall Bank performance. The Bank believes that non-GAAP financial measures and non-GAAP ratios provide the reader with a better understanding of how management views the Bank’s performance. Non-GAAP financial measures and ratios used in this presentation are not defined terms under IFRS and, therefore, may not be comparable to similar terms used by other issuers. See “Financial Results Overview” in the Bank’s 2021 MD&A (available at www.td.com/investor and www.sedar.com), which is incorporated by reference, for further explanation, reported basis results, a list of the items of note, and a reconciliation of adjusted to reported results.

3 

Calculated as reported net income available to common shareholders and non-controlling interests (NCI) in subsidiaries divided by average total assets.

4

Calculated as adjusted net income available to common shareholders and NCI in subsidiaries divided by average total assets.

5 

Calculated as dividends declared per common share divided by reported basic earnings per share.

6 

Calculated as dividends declared per common share divided by adjusted basic earnings per share.

7 

Calculated as average total equity (including NCI in subsidiaries) divided by average total assets.

Exhibit 99.5

Code of Ethics

The amended Code of Conduct and Ethics for Employees and Directors is incorporated by reference to the Form 6-K filed with the SEC on February 3, 2021.

 

Exhibit 99.6

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the reference to our Firm under the caption “Experts” and to the use in this Annual Report on Form 40-F of our reports dated December 1, 2021, with respect to the consolidated balance sheet of The Toronto-Dominion Bank (the “Bank”) as at October 31, 2021 and 2020, and the consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended October 31, 2021, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of the Bank as at October 31, 2021.

We also consent to the incorporation by reference of our reports dated December 1, 2021 in the following Registration Statements of the Bank:

 

  1)

Registration Statement (Form F-3 No. 333-83232),

  2)

Registration Statement (Form F-3 No. 333-231751),

  3)

Registration Statement (Form F-3 No. 333-239012),

  4)

Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-12948),

  5)

Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-120815),

  6)

Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-142253),

  7)

Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-150000),

  8)

Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-167234), and

  9)

Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-169721).

/s/Ernst & Young LLP

Chartered Professional Accountants

Licensed Public Accountants

Toronto, Canada

December 2, 2021

 

Exhibit 99.7

Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Bharat Masrani, certify that:

 

1.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 40-F of The Toronto-Dominion Bank;

 

2.

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3.

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4.

The issuer’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the issuer and have:

 

  a)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  b)

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

  c)

Evaluated the effectiveness of the issuer’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  d)

Disclosed in this report any change in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5.

The issuer’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the issuer’s auditors and the audit committee of the issuer’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  a)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  b)

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

 

Date:    

 

December 2, 2021

  /s/ Bharat Masrani
  Bharat Masrani
  Group President and Chief Executive Officer


Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Kelvin Tran, certify that:

 

1.

I have reviewed this annual report on Form 40-F of The Toronto-Dominion Bank;

 

2.

Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

 

3.

Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the issuer as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

 

4.

The issuer’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the issuer and have:

 

  a)

Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the issuer, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

 

  b)

Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

 

  c)

Evaluated the effectiveness of the issuer’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

 

  d)

Disclosed in this report any change in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the annual report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5.

The issuer’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the issuer’s auditors and the audit committee of the issuer’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

 

  a)

All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the issuer’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

 

  b)

Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the issuer’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date:    

 

December 2, 2021

  /s/ Kelvin Tran
 

Kelvin Tran

  Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

 

Exhibit 99.8

Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to

Section 906 of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of The Toronto-Dominion Bank (the “Bank”) on Form 40-F for the year ended October 31, 2021 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Bharat Masrani, Group President and Chief Executive Officer of the Bank, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that:

 

1.

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

2.

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Bank.

 

Date:    

 

December 2, 2021

  /s/ Bharat Masrani
 

Bharat Masrani

  Group President and Chief Executive Officer


Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as Adopted Pursuant to

Section 906 of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Annual Report of The Toronto-Dominion Bank (the “Bank”) on Form 40-F for the year ended October 31, 2021 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Kelvin Tran, Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Bank, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that:

 

1.

The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

 

2.

The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Bank.

 

Date:    

 

December 2, 2021

  /s/ Kelvin Tran
 

Kelvin Tran

  Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer