
of the estimates and assumptions is
continuously monitored.
In 2021, the uncertainties caused by
the COVID-19 pandemic have decreased
and the demand in the tire industry has
clearly improved from the situation in the
nancial year 2020.
Estimates requiring the management’s
judgment are related to the depreciation
of assets. The company also estimated
the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
in terms of depreciation. The COVID-19
pandemic did not aect the carrying
amounts of assets or any write-downs
made during this or the previous nancial
year. The write-downs and management
estimates are described in more detail in
Note 14.
The company updated its model
concerning anticipated credit losses in
late 2020. The update of the model did
not cause a signicant increase in the
anticipated credit losses for the trade
receivables in 2020 or 2021. Credit losses
and the maturity and depreciation of
trade receivables are discussed in Note 29.
The group follows the IFRS 16 stan-
dard’s guidelines when determining lease
periods. For lease contracts that have
been dened as valid until further notice,
an expected lease term pursuant to the
management’s judgment is applied. The
determination of the expected lease
term also considers the nancial impacts
of any sanctions included in the lease
contracts, such as sanctions related to
the early termination of the contract.
Options for extending and terminating
the lease term have been considered
when determining the length of the lease
term, pursuant to the guidelines of the
standard. The extension option is counted
into the lease term if it is reasonably
certain that the option will be used and,
correspondingly, if it is reasonably certain
that the option to terminate will not be
used, the term covered by the option is
counted into the lease term. Whenever a
contract contains a lease component and
a non-lease component, the group sepa-
rates the non-lease components, such
as maintenance, services, etc. using the
separate prices that are listed in the lease
contracts or on the basis of an estimate.
If the lease term is valid until further
notice, the management’s judgment will
be applied and, accordingly, the contracts
will be booked for three years.
The company’s risks include strategic,
operational, and nancial risks. The key
risks included in the estimates include the
country risk as well as the risks related to
the challenging tire pricing environment
related to the development of raw
material prices. The risks are regularly
monitored and assessed as part of the
risk management program. The most
signicant risks are presented in Note 33.
By the time of the approval of the
nancial statements, the company is
not aware of such major sources of
estimation uncertainty at the end of
the reporting period nor of such key
assumptions concerning the future that
might have a signicant risk of causing
a material adjustment to the carrying
amounts of assets and liabilities within
the next nancial year.
Decisions based on
management judgment
The management has exercised separate
judgment as regards the recognition
of the cloud service deployment costs,
as was assessed in the meeting of the
recognition criteria under the decision
issued by IFRIC in spring 2021. The
company’s management estimated the
completed and current cloud service
contracts and determined that the
amount of recognised deployment costs
is minor in comparison to the carrying
amount of the entire group’s intangible
assets. The commissioning costs for
cloud services will be recognised when the
company is able to specify the recognised
commodity and the commodity is under
the company’s control.
The material part of the company’s
sales consists of standard sales of goods
between companies, where invoicing
occurs with standard terms upon goods
delivery, and which involves no substantial
need for estimates. However, the compa-
ny’s management has exercised judgment
when estimating the time when control
over the product is transferred away from
the company under reseller agreements.
Principles of consolidation
The consolidated nancial statements
include the nancial statements of the
parent company Nokian Tyres Plc as well
as all the subsidiaries in which the Parent
company owns, directly or indirectly, more
than 50% of the voting rights or in which
the Parent company otherwise exercises
control. Control exists when the Group,
through participation in an investee, is
exposed or entitled to its variable returns
and is able to aect the returns through
exercising power over the investee.
Associated companies in which the
Group has 20% to 50% of the voting
rights and in which it exercises signicant
inuence, but not control, have been
consolidated using the equity method.
If the Group’s share of the associated
company’s losses exceeds its holding in
the associated company, the carrying
amount will be recorded in the statement
of nancial position at nil value. Losses
in excess of that value will be ignored
unless the Group has obligations toward
the associated companies. Investments in
associates include the carrying amount of
the investment in an associated company
according to the equity method, and any
possible other non-current investments
in the associated company, which are, in
substance, part of a net investment in
the associated company. The Group has
no associated companies at the end of
nancial year 2020 or 2021.
A joint arrangement refers to a
contractual undertaking, in which the
Group has agreed to share control over
material nancial and business principles
with one or more parties. A joint arrange-
ment is either a joint operation or a joint
venture. In a joint venture, the Group
holds rights to the net assets of the
arrangement, whereas in a joint operation,
the Group holds rights to the assets and
carries obligations on the liabilities of the
arrangement. Nokianvirran Energia Oy
is a joint operation as the parties share
control according to a specic Mankala
principle where the company is not
intended to make prot while the parties
have agreed to utilize the total output.
Nokianvirran Energia Oy is accounted for
as a Group company using the propor-
tionate consolidation method on each
row according to the 32.3% shareholding.
The acquired subsidiaries have been
consolidated using the acquisition
method, according to which the acquired
company’s assets and liabilities are
measured at fair value on the date
of acquisition. The cost of goodwill is
the excess of the cost of the business