As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 29, 2023
Registration No. 333-274928
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
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Amendment No. 1 to
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
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CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Nevada |
3580 |
88-4042082 |
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(State or other jurisdiction of |
(Primary Standard Industrial |
(I.R.S. Employer |
5920 South 118th Circle, Suite 2
Omaha, NE 68137
877-860-3030
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
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Matthew Atkinson
Chief Executive Officer
5920 South 118th Circle, Suite 2
Omaha, NE 68137
877-860-3030
(Names, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
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Copies to:
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Louis A. Bevilacqua, Esq. |
Cavas S. Pavri, Esq. |
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Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box. ☒
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act. ☐
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.
EXPLANATORY NOTE
This registration statement contains two prospectuses, as set forth below.
• Public Offering Prospectus. A prospectus to be used for the initial public offering of class B common stock through the underwriter named on the cover page of this prospectus, which we refer to as the Public Offering Prospectus.
• The Resale Prospectus. A prospectus to be used for the resale by selling stockholders of 1,741,036 shares of class B common stock, which we refer to as the Resale Prospectus, which we have filed on behalf of the selling stockholders pursuant to a verbal understanding with the selling stockholders that we would include their shares in the Resale Prospectus.
The initial public offering and resale offering will be concurrent in that the selling stockholders may commence selling efforts at any time after the registration statement is declared effective. However, the closing of the initial public offering will not occur until two (2) trading days after trading on NYSE American commences, which is expected to occur on the trading day following the date that the registration statement is declared effective. Please see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to this Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock” for certain risks related to the concurrent registration of shares pursuant to the Resale Prospectus.
The Resale Prospectus is substantively identical to the Public Offering Prospectus, except for the following principal points:
• they contain different front and back covers;
• they contain different Offering sections in the Prospectus Summary;
• they contain different Use of Proceeds sections;
• the Capitalization and Dilution sections are deleted from the Resale Prospectus;
• a Selling Stockholders section is included in the Resale Prospectus;
• the Underwriting section from the Public Offering Prospectus is deleted from the Resale Prospectus and a Plan of Distribution section is inserted in its place; and
• the Legal Matters section in the Resale Prospectus deletes the reference to counsel for the underwriter.
The registrant has included in this registration statement a set of alternate pages after the back cover page of the Public Offering Prospectus, which we refer to as the Alternate Pages, to reflect the foregoing differences in the Resale Prospectus as compared to the Public Offering Prospectus. The Public Offering Prospectus will exclude the Alternate Pages and will be used for the public offering by the Registrant. The Resale Prospectus will be substantively identical to the Public Offering Prospectus except for the addition or substitution of the Alternate Pages and will be used for the resale offering by the selling stockholders.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
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PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS |
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED NOVEMBER 29, 2023 |

CleanCore Solutions, Inc.
1,500,000 Shares
Class B Common Stock
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This is an initial public offering of our class B common stock. Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our class B common stock. We expect that the initial public offering price will be between $4.00 and $6.00 per share.
Currently, there is no public market for our class B common stock. We plan to apply to list our class B common stock on NYSE American under the symbol “ ”. We believe that upon the completion of this offering, we will meet the standards for listing, and the closing of this offering is contingent upon such listing.
We have two classes of authorized common stock — class A common stock and class B common stock. The rights of the holders of our class A common stock and class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. Each share of class A common stock is entitled to ten votes per share and is convertible into one share of class B common stock. Each share of class B common stock is entitled to one vote per share. All of our outstanding class A common stock is currently held by Matthew Atkinson, our Chief Executive Officer. In addition, Mr. Atkinson and a third party, Bethor Limited, also hold all of our outstanding series seed preferred stock, which will automatically convert into class A common stock upon completion of this offering. Upon completion of this offering, these stockholders will collectively be able to exercise approximately 88% of our total voting power (with Mr. Atkinson controlling approximately 35% and Bethor Limited controlling approximately 53%). Since Bethor Limited will be able to exercise approximately 53% of our total voting power, we will be a “controlled company” under the rules of NYSE American. As a “controlled company,” we will be eligible to utilize certain exemptions from the corporate governance requirements of NYSE American, although we do not intend to avail ourselves of these exemptions. See “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being a Controlled Company” and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to this Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock.”
We are an “emerging growth company,” as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, and as such, have elected to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements for this prospectus and future filings. See “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company” and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to this Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock.”
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before buying any securities, you should carefully read the discussion of the material risks of investing in our securities under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page 13 of this prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
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(1) Does not include a non-accountable expense allowance equal to 1% of the gross proceeds of this offering payable to Boustead Securities, LLC, the representative of the underwriters. We have also agreed to issue to the representative warrants to purchase up to a total number of shares of class B common stock equal to 7% of the total number of shares sold in this offering at an exercise price equal to 125% of the initial public offering price of the shares sold in this offering. See “Underwriting” for a complete description of the compensation arrangements.
(2) We estimate the total expenses payable by us, excluding the underwriting discount and non-accountable expense allowance, will be approximately $840,000.
We have granted the underwriters an option for a period of 45 days after the closing of this offering to purchase up to 15% of the total number of shares to be offered by us pursuant to this offering (excluding shares subject to this option), solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions.
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares against payment as set forth under “Underwriting” on or about , 2023.
BOUSTEAD SECURITIES, LLC
Prospectus dated , 2023
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Please read this prospectus carefully. It describes our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, among other things. We are responsible for the information contained in this prospectus and in any free-writing prospectus we have authorized. Neither we nor the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide you with different information, and neither we nor the underwriters take responsibility for any other information others may give you. Neither we nor the underwriters are making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of securities. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than its date.
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INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA
We are responsible for the information contained in this prospectus. This prospectus includes industry and market data that we obtained from periodic industry publications, and third-party studies and surveys. These sources generally state that the information they provide has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of the information are not guaranteed. The forecasts and projections included in these sources are based on historical market data, and there is no assurance that any of the forecasts or projected amounts will be achieved. Industry and market data could be wrong because of the method by which sources obtained their data and because information cannot always be verified with complete certainty due to the limits on the availability and reliability of raw data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and other limitations and uncertainties. The market and industry data used in this prospectus involve risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the estimates made by independent parties and by us. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that a third party using different methods to assemble, analyze or compute industry and market data would obtain the same results.
TRADEMARKS, TRADE NAMES AND SERVICE MARKS
We own or have rights to various trademarks, service marks and trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our business. This prospectus may also contain trademarks, service marks and trade names of third parties, which are the property of their respective owners. Our use or display of third parties’ trademarks, service marks and trade names or products in this prospectus is not intended to, and does not imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship by us. Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ®, TM or SM symbols, but the omission of such references is not intended to indicate, in any way, that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights or the right of the applicable owner of these trademarks, service marks and trade names.
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This summary highlights selected information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before deciding whether to invest in our securities. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, including the risks associated with an investment in our company discussed in the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus, before making an investment decision. Some of the statements in this prospectus are forward-looking statements. See the section titled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
Unless otherwise indicated by the context, reference in this prospectus to “we,” “us,” “our,” “our company” and similar references are to CleanCore Solutions, Inc.; provided that all discussions in this prospectus regarding our business and operations prior to the acquisition described under “— Our Corporate History and Structure” below refer to the business and operations of our predecessor companies described below.
Our Company
Overview
We specialize in the development and manufacturing of cleaning products that produce pure aqueous ozone for professional, industrial, or home use. We have a patented nanobubble technology using aqueous ozone that we believe is highly effective in cleaning, sanitizing, and deodorizing surfaces and high-touch areas.
Our mission is to become a leader in creating safe, clean spaces that are free from any chemical residue or skin irritants. We are currently expanding our distributor network, improving our manufacturing processes, and proving the effectiveness of our products in restaurants, airports, and hotels.
As noted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or the EPA (“Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet: Ozone Disinfection,” September 1999), ozone has been used in water treatment facilities to remove pathogens from water for decades. However, ozone was not safe for traditional cleaning because the gas alone can be harmful when inhaled. In recent years, ozone has been found to become a powerful cleaning solution if infused into tap water, which then creates a solution called aqueous ozone. Once the ozone is added into the water, the resulting solution is safe to handle, yet continues to hold the effective cleaning and oxidizing components of ozone.
Our product offerings utilize a patented technology that we believe produces an enhanced aqueous ozone solution that requires no additives, filters, or advanced chemicals. We believe that we are the only company that has an aqueous ozone solution that is produced in the form of nanobubbles. In a critical review from Environmental Science Nano (“Disinfection applications of ozone micro- and nanobubbles,” November 2, 2021) authors Petroula Seridou and Nicolas Kalogerakis explain that since its discovery in the 1990’s, nanobubbles have been used to remove pollutants in many industries, including biopharma and food processing. Nanobubbles are the nanometer-sized (one billionth of a meter) gaseous cavities in a liquid solution. The common micro sized bubbles have larger diameters which causes them to rise quickly to the surface of an aqueous solution as compared to the smaller bubbles.

Since nanobubbles have no natural buoyancy, they remain underwater, where each tiny, negatively charged bubble is attracted to positively charged pollutants and harmful toxins. In the article, Seridou and Kalogerakis write about how this union causes the nanobubbles to release ozone which extinguishes pathogens and slowly breaks down the cell walls of mold, germs, and other residues. Further, a smaller size of nanobubbles is also more effective as it has a higher density of ozone and is able to provide a more thorough surface coverage, which destroys a higher number of contaminants.
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Our pure aqueous ozone product is a natural cleaner, sanitizer, and deodorizer produced through the infusion of ozone into water using electricity. The use of this ozone solution has been proven effective in eliminating germs, viruses, bacteria, allergens, and molds; and it performs better than bleach according to a research report published by PLoS One (“The microbial killing capacity of aqueous and gaseous ozone on different surfaces contaminated with dairy cattle manure,” May 14, 2018). Aqueous ozone technology has been tested and previously destroyed pathogens including E. Coli, Staphylococcus, Listeria, and Salmonella as described in Catalyst journal (“Ozone and Photocatalytic Processes for Pathogens Removal from Water: A Review,” January 5, 2019). The solution cleans hard surfaces, floors, carpets, upholstery, and food contact surfaces.
In addition, in an independent case study at Cape Coral Hospital in Florida, the aqueous ozone solution worked to significantly deodorize smells. The same internal case study notes that the aqueous ozone does not mask smells, but instead destroys the bacterium causing the smell.
Our aqueous ozone solution is referred to as “pure” because of its ability to keep high concentration of ozone in the solution without needing to use a stabilizer or additive. Depending on the product, the pure aqueous ozone solution contains between 0.5 to 1.5 parts per million, or ppm, of ozone for professional cleaning and up to 20 ppm of ozone for industrial cleaning. At these levels, we believe the concentration of ozone within the solution is strong enough to effectively clean and deodorize better than bleach.
Our Corporate History and Structure
We were incorporated in the State of Nevada on August 23, 2022 under the name CC Acquisition Corp. for the sole purpose of acquiring substantially all of the assets of CleanCore Solutions, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, or CleanCore LLC, TetraClean Systems, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, or TetraClean, and Food Safety Technology L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company, or Food Safety. On November 21, 2022, we changed our name from CC Acquisition Corp. to CleanCore Solutions, Inc.
On October 17, 2022, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with CleanCore LLC, TetraClean, Food Safety and Burlington Capital, LLC, the majority owner of these entities, pursuant to which we acquired substantially all of the assets of CleanCore LLC, TetraClean and Food Safety for a total purchase price of $5,000,000, consisting of $2,000,000 in cash and the issuance of a promissory note in the principal amount of $3,000,000. In addition, if, and only if, the business acquired generates revenue of $5,565,000 and a net income of $1,607,103 from certain existing customers for the twelve-month period ending on October 31, 2023, then we are required to make a one-time payment of $500,000, which shall be deemed to be an adjustment to the purchase price.
The predecessor of CleanCore LLC was CleanCore Technologies, LLC, which was formed in 2014 and was wholly owned by Center Ridge Holdings, LLC. CleanCore LLC was formed in 2019 by Burlington Solutions, LLC and Walker Water, LLC d/b/a O-Z Tech. In 2019, prior to the formation of CleanCore LLC, Center Ridge Holdings, LLC transferred substantially all of the assets of CleanCore Technologies, LLC to Burlington Solutions, LLC, which then transferred such assets to CleanCore LLC. TetraClean and Food Safety were created to focus on industrial and food safety, respectively. CleanCore LLC, TetraClean, and Food Safety were all under majority control by Burlington Solutions, LLC prior to the acquisition by CC Acquisition Corp. All discussions in this prospectus regarding our business prior to the acquisition reflect the combined business of CleanCore LLC, TetraClean, and Food Safety, our predecessor companies. Prior to the acquisition, we had no operations other than operations relating to our incorporation and organization.
We do not have any subsidiaries.
Dual Class Structure
Under our articles of incorporation, we are authorized to issue two classes of common stock - class A common stock and class B common stock. The holders of class A common stock are entitled to ten (10) votes for each share of class A common stock held of record and the holders of class B common stock are entitled to one (1) vote for each share of class B common stock held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders. A share of class A common stock may be voluntarily converted into a share of class B common stock. A transfer of a share of class A common stock will result in its automatic conversion into a share of class B common stock upon such transfer, subject to certain exceptions for (i) transfers to immediate family members, or to trusts for the exclusive benefit of immediate family members, for no consideration, including by will or laws of succession, (ii) a transfer to another holder of class A
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common stock, or (iii) transfers approved by a majority of disinterest directors. Upon the expiration of the lock-up agreements that will be entered into by the holders of all of our class A common stock in connection with this offering, and if our class A common stockholders choose to convert their class A common stock into class B common stock, the shares of class B common stock outstanding will increase. In such event, because the number of shares would increase while the value of our company would remain the same, the value of existing shares of class B common stock may go down. In other words, the class B common stock resulting from the newly converted class A common stock will dilute the value of all class B common stock, which may drive down the share price, give current stockholders fewer votes and less ownership of our company. The class B common stock is not convertible. Other than as to voting and conversion rights, our class A common stock and class B common stock have the same rights and preferences, rank equally in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, share ratably in any dividends declared by our board of directors, and are otherwise identical in all respects as to all matters.
All of our outstanding class A common stock is currently held by Matthew Atkinson, our Chief Executive Officer. In addition, Mr. Atkinson and a third party, Bethor Limited, also hold all of our outstanding series seed preferred stock, which will automatically convert into class A common stock upon completion of this offering. Upon completion of this offering, these stockholders will collectively be able to exercise approximately 88% of our total voting power (with Mr. Atkinson controlling approximately 35% and Bethor Limited controlling approximately 53%). See “Principal Stockholders” for more information regarding the individual holdings of these stockholders. All of these stockholders will be subject to the lock-up agreements described in “Underwriting — Lock-Up.”
Under our articles of incorporation and bylaws, any corporate action to be taken by vote of stockholders other than for election of directors shall be authorized by the affirmative vote of the majority of votes cast. Directors are elected by a plurality of votes. Accordingly, this concentrated control may have anti-takeover effects preventing change in control transactions that the class B stockholders might otherwise consider to be in their best interest. In addition, subject to NYSE American’s rules, we may issue additional shares of class A common stock or class B common stock without stockholder approval, which such issuances would be dilutive to class B stockholders. We may also issue debt securities or other series of preferred stock without stockholder approval which may have rights with respect to dividends or liquidation that may be superior to our class B common stock. See also “Risk Factors — Risks Related to this Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock.”
Our Opportunity
Our market encompasses the global household cleaning market, the global food service market, the global commercial and residential laundry market, and the global health care market. According to Report Linker, the global service cleaning market is expected to reach $92.69 billion by 2027, rising at a 7.80% compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, during the forecast period. The global household cleaners market size was valued at $33.8 billion in 2021 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of 4.9% from 2022 to 2028. We believe this can be credited to the increasing awareness regarding hygiene among consumers. The constant developments in the household cleaner sector are also likely to boost industry demand.
There is a growing demand for green cleaning and eco-friendly products that are effective, safe, and sanitary. According to a report published by Allied Market Research, the global industrial cleaning equipment market amassed revenue of $9.12 billion in 2021, and is expected to hit $14.14 billion by 2031, registering a CAGR of 4.3% from 2022 to 2031. A market report from Research and Markets noted that the global household green cleaning products market is expected to grow to $27.83 at a CAGR of 6.50% from 2017 to 2024.
There is also a high demand in the food and beverage cleaning industry for effective and eco-friendly cleaning suppliers and cleaning solutions. According to an article by Arizton Advisory and Intelligence (“US Food and Beverage Industry Cleaning Services Market Size to Reach Revenues USD 2.4 Billion by 2026,” March 24, 2021), the U.S. food and beverage industry cleaning services market is expected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 7% from 2020 to 2026. We believe the rising awareness in the food and beverage cleaning industry is also encouraging vendors to rely on green cleaning services, which is expected to generate incremental income. Further, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on customer and provider expectations of cleanliness, the demand for disinfection services in the food and beverage industry is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 6% through 2022.
The cleaning, healthcare and sanitation market is also receiving interest from government agencies, such as British Columbia’s GreenCare Sustainability Strategic Framework, to develop and retain better, environmentally sustainable, and innovative cleaning solutions. Government initiatives have led some transitions into different and alternative
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cleaning technologies, and environmentally conscious institutions are expected to increase their demand for alternative cleaning products. While traditional disinfectants will continue to be routinely used in hospitals to sterilize and remove viruses and pathogens, we believe there is a place for aqueous ozone technology to be introduced in clinical settings. For instance, Cape Coral Hospital in Florida, along with two other hospitals, integrated aqueous ozone as room deodorizes as part of their environmental services program effort.
Based on the above, the demand for alternative environmentally conscious cleaning solutions is increasing, and we believe our aqueous ozone patented technology effectively cleans and reduces environmental impact, and as a result, that the demand for our products and services will continue to grow.
Our Products
We offer products and solutions that are marketed for janitorial and sanitation, ice machine cleaning, laundry, and industrial industries. Our products are used in many types of environments including retail establishments, distribution centers, factories, warehouses, restaurants, schools and universities, airports, healthcare, food service, and commercial buildings such as offices, malls, and stores.
Janitorial and Sanitation
Within the janitorial and sanitation sector, we currently manufacture the following products:
• Fill Stations: Wall-mounted units that produce on demand aqueous ozone and can fill up spray bottles or buckets for general cleaning, including our 1.0 Fill Station, which can produce one gallon per minute of aqueous ozone for users with smaller cleaning needs, and our 3.0 Fill Station, which can produce three gallons per minute and is designed for commercial and industrial cleaning requirements.
• POWERcaddy: A 12-gallon tank that generates aqueous ozone within it, so users are able to generate on-site, on-demand aqueous ozone as they clean. These units come equipped with a spray gun and vacuum hose to properly clean all locations. The POWERcaddy includes a high-pressure spray gun with a pressure per inch boost over 100 for more intense cleaning.
• POWER MINIcaddy. A six-gallon tank that generates aqueous ozone within it, so users are able to generate on-site, on-demand aqueous ozone as they clean. This product comes equipped with a spray gun and vacuum hose to properly clean all locations. The MINIcaddy is a smaller version of the POWERcaddy that is popular in smaller areas such as restaurants.
Ice System
The Ice Treatment System establishes a proactive ice machine cleaning program. Cleaning ice machines is a labor intensive and slow process that needs to happen often to stop the buildup of bacteria and mold in the ice machine, the buildup of which could contaminate the ice supply. Ice machines, like other water systems used within indoor environments, create ideal conditions for fostering the growth of bacteria and mold. Pure aqueous ozone is highly effective in cleaning the inside of ice machines. Our Ice System destroys bacteria by sending 0.50 ppm of aqueous ozone through the ice machine each time it makes more ice. Aqueous ozone proactively prevents the growth of Listeria, Salmonella, E. Coli, Norwalk Virus, and Shigella in the ice and keeps the ice pure while preventing respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses.
Commercial and Residential Laundry
We believe that the laundry unit effectively oxidizes and deodorizes to extend the life of your laundry. When the laundry ozone unit is connected to a washing machine, the aqueous ozone is used to clean towels and linens. As a result, by avoiding harsh chemicals, the aqueous ozone may expand the life of the linens, reduce dry time, and eliminate skin irritation. The flow rate of the commercial product is five gallons per minute, or GPM, on each line.
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Industrial Cleaning Products
We also plan to make aqueous ozone available for industrial applications, primarily for the purpose of keeping industrial plants and production lines clean. We believe this industrial product is safe to be used on food-contact surfaces and has been used in meat packing plants to eliminate the need to stop the packaging line for cleaning. Additional applications for this product may include pet food packaging and manufacturing, canning operations, breweries, wineries, distilleries, and consumer health manufacturers.
We build customized cleaning systems to meet the required needs of our clients. Our system’s volume output ranges from 10-250 GPM of our patented solution. The concentration levels of our aqueous ozone solutions can be adjusted to suit our client’s distinctive needs. Multiple units can be placed in tandem for large volume projects. Concentration levels of ozone can be established at up to 20 ppm of ozone.
Sanitizing and Disinfectant Tablets
Branded “GreenKlean,” these chlorinated tablets kill 99.9% of viruses and bacteria on a surface. These tablets eliminate odors while disinfecting and can be used on a variety of hard non-porous surfaces. We believe each tablet is easy to use, fast dissolving in water, and each tablet provides a single, standardized cleaning dose. The solution created from the tablet when mixed with water may be applied with a spray device, cloth, wipe, sponge, brush, or mop. Each tablet is effective for up to three days in a closed container and should be prepared daily when used in open containers. Generally, there is no need to rinse off the product after cleaning, the surface just needs to fully air dry, with no remaining residue left nor harm to the surfaces’ finish. The tablets are made according to standards of the National Science Foundation, an independent agency of the United States government that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering, under the “D2” classification, which means these tablets may be used as an antimicrobial agent that would not need to be rinsed or qualified as a “no rinse sanitizer.”
Our Competitive Strengths
We believe that the following competitive strengths contribute to our success and differentiate us from our competitors:
• We have numerous patents for our technology. We currently have 15 patents for our technology. These patents cover the functions of our products that allow our machines to produce ozone in the form of nanobubbles.
• We have experience in the cleaning industry. Our acquisition and subsequent business with aqueous ozone products have led us to maintain and uphold significant and meaningful relationships throughout the service cleaning industry with various providers of cleaning services.
• We believe that our products eliminate the need for harsh chemicals and reduce costs of labor in janitorial services. Various chemical solutions for cleaning are costly, but with the aqueous ozone solution, we believe hospitals may reduce expenditures by switching to the aqueous ozone technology. Our customers in janitorial services have reported a reduced time in cleaning and sanitizing, which saves our customers on labor costs.
• There is no chemical residue left after using our solution, and we believe it causes less irritation compared to typical cleaning agents. When cleaning with the aqueous ozone solution, it may remove and deodorize surfaces without using harsh caustic chemicals, and only water remains on the surface after cleaning, not any chemical residue that may require additional rinsing. As a result, our clients may report less eye, skin, and respiratory irritation after switching to our cleaning products.
• Our product is environmentally conscious. Our goal is to reduce packaging waste when replacing traditional cleaners and their packaging with aqueous ozone dispensers. We believe our product also reduces water consumption while cleaning. A two-year study at a major Vancouver hospital found that clients use 90% less water since the aqueous ozone technology removes the need to flush the cleaning dispensing system between various chemical cleaning agents. Overall, our products may reduce the carbon footprint of a janitorial service business when used in lieu of traditional cleaning methods.
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Our Growth Strategies
The key elements of our strategy to grow our business include:
• Targeting key industries. Our team has built relationships throughout the service cleaning industry. Presently, we sell our products mainly through geographic and strategic distributors across the United States and Europe in the janitorial services sector. Our goal is to expand and provide our products to more health care, education, food service, and commercial buildings industries.
• Deploy marketing strategies that raise awareness for our cleaning products. We plan to expand our marketing efforts to increase awareness of our products. Our strategy includes attending industry conferences and working with salespeople to start the use of our product in new areas.
• Create partnerships through exclusive licensing for distributors and a direct sales model. We currently license our technology overseas and have an exclusive licensing agreement for products sold in Europe. We anticipate evolving the business model into a hybrid of both traditional distributors and a direct sales model with key salespeople penetrating the health care, education, food service, and commercial buildings industries. Our goal is also to create partnerships with some of the largest sports and entertainment arenas in the world, providing end-to-end sales and service.
Our Risks and Challenges
An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks summarized below. These risks are discussed more fully in the “Risk Factors” section immediately following this Prospectus Summary. These risks include, but are not limited to, the following:
• We are an early-stage company with a limited operating history.
• We have incurred losses since our inception, and we may not be able to manage our business on a profitable basis.
• We will require additional financing to accomplish our business strategy.
• We cannot accurately predict future revenues or profitability in the emerging market for aqueous ozone technology.
• We may face significant challenges in obtaining market acceptance of our aqueous ozone cleaning products, which could adversely affect our potential sales and revenues.
• If we do not build brand awareness and brand loyalty for aqueous ozone cleaning products, our business may suffer.
• We face significant competition.
• We operate in new and rapidly changing markets, which makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and may increase the risk that we will not be successful.
• Our major customers account for a significant portion of our revenue and the loss of any major customer could have a material adverse effect on our results of our operations.
• Increased prices for raw materials could increase our cost of sales and decrease demand for our products, which could adversely affect our revenue or profitability.
• Interruptions in deliveries of raw materials could adversely affect our revenue or profitability.
• We depend on third-party delivery services, for both inbound and outbound shipping, to deliver our products to our distribution centers and subsequently to our customers on a timely and consistent basis, and any deterioration in our relationship with any one of these third parties or increases in the fees that they charge could harm our reputation and adversely affect our business and financial condition.
• If commodity prices such as fuel, plastic and steel increase, our margins may be negatively impacted.
• If our fulfillment operations are interrupted for any significant period of time or are not sufficient to accommodate increased demand, our sales could decline, and our reputation could be harmed.
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• Business interruptions in our facilities may affect the distribution of our products and/or the stability of our computer systems, which may affect our business.
• We have historically depended on a limited number of third parties to supply key raw materials to us and the failure to obtain a sufficient supply of these raw materials in a timely fashion and at reasonable costs could significantly delay our delivery of products.
• Quality problems with, and product liability claims in connection with, our cleaning products could lead to recalls or safety alerts, harm to our reputation, or adverse verdicts or costly settlements, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
• We may receive a significant number of warranty claims or our aqueous ozone products may require significant amounts of service after sale.
• The loss of key personnel, an inability to attract and retain additional personnel or difficulties in the integration of new members of our management team into our company could affect our ability to successfully grow our business.
• We will face growing regulatory and compliance requirements in a variety of areas, which can be costly and time consuming.
• We are subject to, and must remain in compliance with, numerous laws and governmental regulations concerning the manufacturing, use, distribution and sale of our products. Some of our customers also require that it complies with their own unique requirements relating to these matters.
• Once our class B common stock is listed on NYSE American, there can be no assurance that an active market in which investors can resell their shares of our class B common stock will develop.
• The market price of our stock may be highly volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
• We may not be able to maintain a listing of our class B common stock on NYSE American.
• The structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with two stockholders, which will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters. It may also limit the price and liquidity of our class B common stock due to its ineligibility for inclusion in certain stock market indices.
• Future issuances of our class B common stock or securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, our class B common stock, or the expiration of lock-up agreements that restrict the issuance of new class B common stock or the trading of outstanding class B common stock, could cause the market price of our class B common stock to decline and would result in the dilution of your holdings.
• Future issuances of debt securities, which would rank senior to our common stock upon our bankruptcy or liquidation, and future issuances of preferred stock, which could rank senior to our common stock for the purposes of dividends and liquidating distributions, may adversely affect the level of return you may be able to achieve from an investment in our class B common stock.
• Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Nevada law could make an acquisition of our company more difficult, and limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
We qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. As a result, we will be permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements. For so long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:
• have an auditor report on our internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
• comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (i.e., an auditor discussion and analysis);
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• submit certain executive compensation matters to stockholder advisory votes, such as “say-on-pay” and “say-on-frequency;” and
• disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the chief executive officer’s compensation to median employee compensation.
In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Our financial statements may therefore not be comparable to those of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of this offering, (ii) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our total annual gross revenues are $1.235 billion or more, (iii) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our class B common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter or (iv) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three year period.
Implications of Being a Controlled Company
Under NYSE American rules, a controlled company is a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, a group or another company. We may be deemed a controlled company because we anticipate that Bethor Limited will own more than 50% of our voting power following the completion of this offering. For so long as we remain a controlled company, we are exempt from the obligation to comply with certain NYSE American corporate governance requirements, including:
• the requirement to have a board of directors comprised of a majority of independent directors;
• the requirement that director nominees be selected either by the independent directors or a nomination committee comprised solely of independent directors; and
• the requirement that the compensation of officers be determined, or recommended to the board for determination, either by the independent directors or a compensation committee comprised solely of independent directors.
The controlled company exemptions do not apply to the audit committee requirement or the requirement for executive sessions of independent directors. We are required to disclose in our annual report that we are a controlled company and the basis for that determination. Although we do not plan to take advantage of the exemptions provided to controlled companies, we may in the future take advantage of such exemptions.
Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices are located at 5920 South 118th Circle, Suite 2, Omaha, NE 68137 and our telephone number is 877-860-3030. We maintain a website at www.cleancoresol.com. Information available on our website is not incorporated by reference in and is not deemed a part of this prospectus.
8
The Offering
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Shares offered: |
1,500,000 shares of class B common stock (or 1,725,000 shares if the underwriters exercise the over-allotment in full). |
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Offering price: |
We currently estimate that the initial public offering price will be between $4.00 and $6.00 per share. For purposes of this prospectus, the assumed initial public offering price per share is $5.00, the midpoint of the anticipated price range. The actual offering price per share will be determined between the underwriters and us based on market conditions at the time of pricing and the actual number of shares we will offer will be determined based on the actual initial public offering price. Therefore, the assumed offering price used throughout this prospectus may not be indicative of the final offering price. |
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Shares to be outstanding after this offering(1): |
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Over-allotment option: |
We have granted to the underwriters a 45-day option to purchase from us up to an additional 15% of the shares sold in the offering (225,000 additional shares) at the initial public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions. |
____________
(1) The number of shares of class B common stock outstanding immediately following this offering is based on 3,105,940 shares outstanding as of November 29, 2023 and excludes:
• 350,000 shares of class B common stock issuable upon the conversion of 350,000 shares of class A common stock upon a transfer thereof;
• 2,000,000 shares of class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options at an exercise price of $0.25 per share;
• 770,000 shares of class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options granted under our 2022 equity incentive plan at a weighted average exercise price of $2.21 per share;
• 966,819 shares of class B common stock that are reserved for future issuance under our 2022 equity incentive plan;
• 46,263 shares of class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants at an exercise price of $1.74 per share; and
• up to 105,000 shares of class B common stock (or 120,750 shares issuable if the underwriters exercise the overallotment option in full) issuable upon exercise of the representative’s warrants issued in connection with this offering.
9
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Representative’s warrants: |
We have agreed to issue to the representative of the underwriters (or its permitted assignees) warrants to purchase up to a total number of shares of class B common stock equal to 7% of the total number of shares sold in this offering at an exercise price equal to 125% of the initial public offering price of the shares sold in this offering (subject to adjustments). The representative’s warrants will be exercisable at any time, and from time to time, in whole or in part, commencing from the closing of this offering and expiring on the fifth anniversary of the commencement date of sales in this offering. The representative’s warrants will have a cashless exercise provision and will provide for immediate “piggyback” registration rights with respect to the registration of the shares underlying the warrants for a period of seven years from commencement of sales of this offering. The registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part also registers the representative’s warrants and the shares of class B common stock issuable upon exercise of the representative’s warrants. See the “Underwriting” section for more information. |
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Use of proceeds: |
We expect to receive net proceeds of approximately $6.1 million from this offering (or $7.1 million if the underwriters exercise the over-allotment option in full), based on an assumed initial public offering price of $5.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated range of the initial public offering price shown on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for the repayment of certain debt, research and development/intellectual property, and for working capital and general corporate purposes. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not entered into any agreements for such potential mergers and acquisitions. See “Use of Proceeds.” |
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Risk factors: |
Investing in our class B common stock involves a high degree of risk. As an investor, you should be able to bear a complete loss of your investment. You should carefully consider the information set forth in the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 13. |
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Lock-up: |
We and our officers, directors and holders of 5% or greater of our outstanding class A common stock and class B common stock have agreed to be locked up for a period of twelve months from the date on which the trading of our class B common stock commences. Holders of 1-4.99% of our outstanding common stock agreed to be locked up for a period of six months from the date on which the trading of our class B common stock commences; provided that if the aggregate of such holders shares were to equal or exceed 20% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis prior to the completing of this offering, then their lock up period shall be for twelve months from the date of trading of our class B common stock commences. Holders of less than 1% of our outstanding common stock are not subject to any lock up; provided that if the aggregate of such holders shares were to equal or exceed 5% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis prior to the completing of this offering, then their lock up period shall be for six months from the date of trading of our class B common stock commences. |
10
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During the lock-up period, without the prior written consent of the underwriters, they shall not, directly or indirectly, (i) offer, pledge, assign, encumber, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, any common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock, owned either of record or beneficially by any signatory of the lock-up agreement on the date of the prospectus or thereafter acquired; (ii) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock, whether any such transaction described in clauses (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, or publicly announce an intention to do any of the foregoing; and (iii) make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of any common stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock. See “Underwriting” for more information. |
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Trading market and symbol: |
We plan to apply to list our class B common stock on NYSE American under the symbol “ ”. The closing of this offering is contingent upon such listing. |
11
Summary Financial Information
The following tables summarize certain financial data regarding our business and should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this prospectus and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Our summary financial data as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 and for the period from October 17, 2022 to June 30, 2023, the period from July 1, 2022 to October 16, 2022 and for the year ended June 30, 2022, are derived from our audited financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We derived our summary financial data as of September 30, 2023 and for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 from our unaudited condensed financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, which include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, that our management considers necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position and results of operations as of the dates and for the periods presented.
All financial statements included in this prospectus are prepared and presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. The summary financial information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with our historical financial statements and related notes contained elsewhere herein. The financial statements contained elsewhere fully represent our financial condition and operations; however, they are not indicative of our future performance.
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Statements of Operations Data |
September 30, |
September 30, |
Period from |
Period from July 1, |
Year Ended |
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Revenue |
$ |
325,684 |
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$ |
502,597 |
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$ |
1,938,366 |
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$ |
502,990 |
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$ |
2,648,005 |
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Cost of sales |
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152,575 |
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345,798 |
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1,359,401 |
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351,740 |
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1,937,105 |
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Gross profit |
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173,109 |
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156,799 |
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578,965 |
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151,250 |
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710,900 |
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Operating expenses |
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549,261 |
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312,163 |
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5,435,049 |
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345,576 |
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977,450 |
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Loss from operations |
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(376,152 |
) |
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(155,364 |
) |
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(4,856,084 |
) |
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(194,326 |
) |
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(266,550 |
) |
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Interest expense |
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61,142 |
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107,693 |
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167,123 |
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125,738 |
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275,061 |
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Net loss |
$ |
(437,294 |
) |
$ |
(263,057 |
) |
$ |
(5,023,207 |
) |
$ |
(320,064 |
) |
$ |
(541,611 |
) |
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Balance Sheet Data |
As of |
As of |
As of |
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Cash |
$ |
64,118 |
$ |
393,194 |
$ |
263,506 |
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Total current assets |
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1,628,015 |
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1,737,291 |
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1,732,046 |
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Total assets |
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5,924,832 |
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6,093,418 |
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1,764,307 |
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Total current liabilities |
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4,176,725 |
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3,948,664 |
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7,772,046 |
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Total liabilities |
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4,551,952 |
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4,347,204 |
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7,773,324 |
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Total liabilities and stockholders/members’ deficit |
$ |
5,924,832 |
$ |
6,093,418 |
$ |
1,764,307 |
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12
An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risk factors, together with the other information contained in this prospectus, before purchasing our securities. We have listed below (not necessarily in order of importance or probability of occurrence) what we believe to be the most significant risk factors applicable to us, but they do not constitute all of the risks that may be applicable to us. Any of the following factors could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects, and could result in a partial or complete loss of your investment. Some statements in this prospectus, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section titled “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”.
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
We are an early-stage company with a limited operating history.
We are an early, startup stage company with a limited history upon which you can evaluate our business and prospects. Our prospects must be considered in light of the risks encountered by companies in the early stages of development in highly competitive markets. You should consider the frequency with which early-stage businesses encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other adverse factors. These risks are described in more detail below.
We have incurred losses since our inception, and we may not be able to manage our business on a profitable basis.
We have generated losses since inception and have relied on cash on hand, sales of securities, external bank lines of credit, and issuance of third-party and related party debt to support our operations. For the year ended June 30, 2023, we generated an operating loss of $5,050,410 and a net loss of $5,343,271. The revenue and income potential of our business and market are unproven. This makes an evaluation of our company and its prospects difficult and highly speculative. There can be no assurances that we will be able to develop products or services on a timely and cost effective basis, that will be able to generate any increase in revenues, that we will have adequate financing or resources to continue operating our business and to provide products to customers, that we will earn a profit, that we can raise sufficient capital to support operations by attaining profitability, or that we can satisfy future liabilities.
We will require additional financing to accomplish our business strategy.
We require substantial working capital to fund our business development plans, and we expect to experience significant negative cash flow from operations. Depending upon the sales volume generated by our business during that time, we also anticipate the possibility of having to raise additional funds in order to achieve our plans and accomplish our immediate and longer-term business strategy. These additional funds likely will be raised through the issuance of our securities in debt and/or equity financings. If we are unable to raise these additional funds on terms acceptable to us, we will be required to limit our expenditures for continuing our product development activities and expanding our sales and marketing operations, reduce our work force, or find alternatives to fund our business on terms that are not as favorable to us. Any such actions would impair our product development and expansion plans, reduce potential revenues, increase operating losses, and adversely affect the value of our company.
We cannot accurately predict future revenues or profitability in the emerging market for aqueous ozone technology.
The market for alternative green cleaning supplies is rapidly evolving. As is typical of a rapidly evolving industry, demand, and market acceptance for recently introduced products are subject to a high level of uncertainty. Moreover, since the market for our products is evolving, it is difficult to predict the future growth rate, if any, and size of this market. Because of our limited operating history and the emerging nature of the markets in which we compete, we are unable to accurately forecast our revenues or our profitability. The market for our products and the long-term acceptance of our products are uncertain, and our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel with industry expertise, particularly sales and marketing personnel, is uncertain. To the extent we are unsuccessful in increasing revenues, we may be required to appropriately adjust spending to compensate for any unexpected revenue shortfall, or to reduce our operating expenses, causing us to forego potential revenue generating activities, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
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We may face significant challenges in obtaining market acceptance of our products, which could adversely affect our potential sales and revenues.
We do not yet have an established market or customer base for our products. Acceptance of our products in the marketplace by both potential users and potential purchasers, including hospitals, schools, universities, commercial facilities, transportation systems and other healthcare and non-healthcare providers, is uncertain, and our failure to achieve sufficient market acceptance will significantly limit our ability to generate revenue and be profitable. Market acceptance will require substantial marketing efforts and the expenditure of significant funds by us to inform hospitals, schools, universities, commercial facilities, transportation systems, residential spaces and other health care and non-healthcare providers of the benefits of using our products. We may encounter significant clinical and market resistance to our products, and our products may never achieve market acceptance. We may not be able to build key relationships with physicians, education administrators, and government agencies. Product orders may be cancelled or customers that are beginning to use our products may cease their use of our products and customers expected to begin using our products may not do so.
Factors that may affect our ability to achieve acceptance of our products in the marketplace include, but are not limited, to whether:
• such products will work effectively;
• the products are cost-effective for our customers;
• we are able to demonstrate product safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of the products; and
• we are able to maintain customer relationships and acceptance.
Acceptance of our products in the marketplace is also uncertain, and our failure to achieve sufficient market acceptance and any inability to sell such products at competitive prices will limit our ability to generate revenue and be profitable. Our products and technologies may not achieve expected reliability, performance, and endurance standards. Our products and technologies may also not achieve market acceptance, including among hospitals, or may not be deemed suitable for other commercial applications.
If we do not build brand awareness and brand loyalty, our business may suffer.
Due in part to the substantial resources available to many of our competitors providing aqueous ozone technology, our opportunity to achieve and maintain a significant market share may be limited. The importance of brand recognition will increase as competition in our market increases. Successfully promoting and positioning of our brand will depend largely on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts, our ability to offer reliable and desirable products at competitive rates, and customer perceptions of the value of our products. If our planned marketing efforts are ineffective or if customer perceptions change regarding the effectiveness of our cleaning machines and products, we may need to increase our financial commitment to creating and maintaining brand awareness and loyalty among customers, which could divert financial and management resources from other aspects of our business or cause our operating expenses to increase disproportionately to our revenues. This would cause our business and operating results to suffer.
If we are unable to maintain, train and build an effective international sales and marketing infrastructure, we will not be able to commercialize and grow our brand successfully.
As we grow, we may not be able to secure sales personnel or organizations that are adequate in number or expertise to successfully market and sell our brand and products on a global scale. We presently rely on individual independent sales representatives and an in-house sales team to market and sell our products. If we are unable to expand our sales and marketing capability, train our sales force effectively or provide any other capabilities necessary to commercialize our brand internationally, we will need to contract with third parties to market and sell our brand, which will be an additional expense. If we are unable to establish and maintain compliant and adequate sales and marketing capabilities, we may not be able to increase our revenue, may generate increased expenses, and may not continue to be profitable.
We operate in new and rapidly changing markets, which makes it difficult to evaluate our future prospects and may increase the risk that we will not be successful.
The market for cleaning products is a rapidly changing market, characterized by changing technologies, intense price competition, the introduction of new competitors and brand name cleaning products, evolving industry standards, changing and diverse regulatory environments, frequent new service announcements, and changing user demands and behaviors. Our inability to anticipate these changes and adapt our business, platform, and offerings could undermine our business
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strategy. Our business strategy and projections, including those related to our revenue growth and profitability, rely on a number of assumptions about the market for cleaning products, including the size and projected growth of the cleaning product markets over the next several years. Some or all of these assumptions may be incorrect. Our growth strategy is dependent, in part, on our ability to timely and effectively launch new products and services, the development of which is uncertain, complex, and costly. In addition, we may be unable successfully and efficiently to address advancements in distribution technology, marketing and pricing strategies and content breadth and availability in certain or all of these markets, which could materially and adversely affect our growth prospects and results of operations.
The limited history of some of the markets in which we operate makes it difficult to effectively assess our future prospects, and our business and prospects should be considered in light of the risks and difficulties we may encounter in these evolving markets. We cannot accurately predict whether our products and services will achieve significant acceptance by potential users in significantly larger numbers or at the same or higher price points than at present. Our historic growth rates should therefore not be relied upon as an indication of future growth, financial condition, or results of operations.
Our major customers account for a significant portion of our revenue and the loss of any major customer could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
For the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, two customers, Pro-Link and Sanzonate, accounted for 66% and 62% of revenue, respectively, and we had one customer that accounted for 43% of all accounts receivable at June 30, 2023, and two customers that accounted for 32% of the predecessor’s total accounts receivable. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, these customers accounted for 28% and 61% of revenue, respectively, and they accounted for 6% and 28% of our total accounts receivable at September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Presently, we do not have a long-term contract Pro-Link or Sanzonate, and the loss of any major customer could have a material adverse effect on the results of operations. In addition, our results of operations and ability to service our debt obligations would be impacted negatively to the extent that any major customer is unable to make payments to us or does not make timely payments on outstanding accounts receivable.
We have historically depended on a limited number of third parties to supply key raw materials to us and the failure to obtain a sufficient supply of these raw materials in a timely fashion and at reasonable costs could significantly delay our delivery of products.
Since our company’s inception, we have historically purchased certain key raw materials, such as chassis, generators, vacuum switches, and head sockets and other components from a limited number of suppliers. We purchased raw materials on the basis of purchase orders. In the absence of firm and long-term contracts, we may not be able to obtain a sufficient supply of these raw materials from our existing suppliers or alternates in a timely fashion or at a reasonable cost. Although we have not experienced any supply chain disruptions in the past, we cannot guarantee that we will not experience any disruptions in the future. If we fail to secure a sufficient supply of key raw materials in a timely fashion, it would result in a significant delay in our delivery of products. Furthermore, failure to obtain a sufficient supply of these raw materials at a reasonable cost could also harm our revenue and gross profit margins.
We depend on third-party delivery services, for both inbound and outbound shipping, to deliver our products to our distribution centers and subsequently to our customers on a timely and consistent basis, and any deterioration in our relationship with any one of these third parties or increases in the fees that they charge could harm our reputation and adversely affect our business and financial condition.
We rely on third parties for the shipment of our products, both inbound and outbound shipping logistics, and we cannot be sure that these relationships will continue on terms favorable to us, or at all. Shipping costs have increased from time to time, and may continue to increase, and we may not be able to pass these costs directly to our customers.
Any increased shipping costs could harm our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations by increasing our costs of doing business and reducing gross margins which could negatively affect our operating results. In addition, we utilize a variety of shipping methods for both inbound and outbound logistics. For inbound logistics, we rely on trucking and ocean carriers and any increases in fees that they charge could adversely affect our business and financial condition. For outbound logistics, we rely on “Less-than-Truckload” and parcel freight based upon the product and quantities being shipped and customer delivery requirements. These outbound freight costs have increased on a year-over-year basis and may continue to increase in the future. We also ship a number of oversized products which may trigger additional shipping costs by third-party delivery services. Any increases in fees or any increased use of “Less-than-Truckload” shipping would increase our shipping costs which could negatively affect our operating results.
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In addition, if our relationships with these third parties are terminated or impaired, or if these third parties are unable to deliver products for us, whether due to labor shortage, slow down or stoppage, deteriorating financial or business condition, responses to terrorist attacks or for any other reason, we would be required to use alternative carriers for the shipment of products to our customers. Changing carriers could have a negative effect on our business and operating results due to reduced visibility of order status and package tracking and delays in order processing and product delivery, and we may be unable to engage alternative carriers on a timely basis, upon terms favorable to us, or at all.
If our fulfillment operations are interrupted for any significant period of time or are not sufficient to accommodate increased demand, our sales could decline and our reputation could be harmed.
Our success depends on our ability to successfully receive and fulfill orders and to promptly deliver our products to our customers. Most of the orders for our products are filled from our inventory in our distribution centers, where all our inventory management, packaging, labeling and product return processes are performed. Increased demand and other considerations may require us to expand our distribution centers or transfer our fulfillment operations to larger or other facilities in the future. If we do not successfully expand our fulfillment capabilities in response to increases in demand, our sales could decline.
In addition, our distribution centers are susceptible to damage or interruption from human error, pandemics, fire, flood, power loss, telecommunications failures, terrorist attacks, acts of war, break-ins, earthquakes and similar events. We do not currently maintain back-up power systems at our fulfillment centers. We do not presently have a formal disaster recovery plan and our business interruption insurance may be insufficient to compensate us for losses that may occur in the event operations at our fulfillment center are interrupted. In addition, alternative arrangements may not be available, or if they are available, may increase the cost of fulfillment. Any interruptions in our fulfillment operations for any significant period of time, including interruptions resulting from the expansion of our existing facilities or the transfer of operations to a new facility, could damage our reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and results of operations.
Failure to comply with privacy laws and regulations and failure to adequately protect customer data could harm our business, damage our reputation and result in the loss of customers.
Federal and state regulations may govern the collection, use, sharing and security of data that we receive from our customers. In addition, we have and post on our website our own privacy policies and practices concerning the collection, use and disclosure of customer data. Any failure, or perceived failure, by us to comply with our posted privacy policies or with any data-related consent orders, U.S. Federal Trade Commission requirements or other federal, state or international privacy-related laws and regulations could result in proceedings or actions against us by governmental entities or others, which could potentially harm our business. Further, failure or perceived failure to comply with our policies or applicable requirements related to the collection, use or security of personal information or other privacy-related matters could damage our reputation and result in a loss of customers. The regulatory framework for privacy issues is currently evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future.
Quality problems with, and product liability claims in connection with, our aqueous ozone machines could lead to recalls or safety alerts, harm to our reputation, or adverse verdicts or costly settlements, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Quality is extremely important to us and our customers due to the serious and costly consequences of product failure, and our business exposes us to potential product liability risks that are inherent in the design, manufacture and marketing of cleaning devices and services. In addition, our products may be used in intensive care settings with immunocompromised and seriously ill patients. Component failures, manufacturing defects or design flaws could result in an unsafe condition or injury to, or death of, a patient or other user of our products. These problems could lead to the recall of, or issuance of a safety alert relating to, our products and could result in unfavorable judicial decisions or settlements arising out of product liability claims and lawsuits, including class actions, which could negatively affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In particular, a material adverse event involving one of our products could result in reduced market acceptance and demand for all products offered under our brand and could harm our reputation and ability to market products in the future.
High quality products are critical to the success of our business. If we fail to meet the high standards that we set for ourselves and that our customers expect, and if our products are the subject of recalls, safety alerts or other material adverse events, our reputation could be damaged, we could lose customers and our revenue could decline.
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Any product liability claim brought against us, with or without merit, could be costly to defend and resolve. Any of the foregoing problems, including product liability claims or product recalls in the future, regardless of their ultimate outcome, could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
We may receive a significant number of warranty claims or our aqueous ozone products may require significant amounts of service after sale.
Sales of our aqueous ozone products include a product limited two-year warranty that covers any issues related to manufacturing defects, specifically relating to the CCS Caddy, POWERcaddy, MINIcaddy, CCS Spotter, CCS 3.0 Fill Station, CCS 1.0 Fill Station, CCS 1000, CCS 2000L, CCS 5000 and the NuClean Pro Residential Fill Station. If a product is provided that has a manufacturing defect, we or an authorized distributor will replace or repair the defective product as long as a claim is submitted to us within the warranty period in writing within 30 days of the failure. This warranty does not cover abuse, misuse of the products, service or unit modifications not authorized by us, or environmental hazards. As the possible number and complexity of the features and functionalities of our products increase, we may experience a higher level of warranty claims. If product returns or warranty claims are significant or exceed our expectations, we could incur unanticipated expenditures for parts and services, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.
We could be subject to litigation.
Product liability claims are common. Even though we have not been subject to such claims in the past, we could be a named defendant in a lawsuit alleging product liability claims including, but not limited to, defects in the design, manufacture or labeling of our aqueous ozone products and machines. Any litigation, regardless of its merit or eventual outcome, could result in significant legal costs and high damage awards or settlements. Although we currently maintain product liability insurance, the coverage is subject to deductibles and limitations, and may not be adequate to cover future claims. Additionally, we may be unable to maintain our existing product liability insurance in the future at satisfactory rates or at adequate amounts.
If we are unable to protect our intellectual property rights, our reputation and brand could be impaired and we could lose customers.
We regard our patents, trademarks, trade secrets and similar intellectual property as important to our success. We rely on patent, trademark and copyright law, and trade secret protection, and confidentiality and/or license agreements with employees, customers, partners and others to protect our proprietary rights. We maintain 15 patents in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. We cannot be certain that we have taken adequate steps to protect our proprietary rights, especially in countries where the laws may not protect our rights as fully as in the United States. In addition, our proprietary rights may be infringed or misappropriated, and we could be required to incur significant expenses to preserve them. We may commence litigation to protect our intellectual property rights. The outcome of such litigation can be uncertain, and the cost of prosecuting such litigation may have an adverse impact on our earnings. We have patent and trademark registrations for several patents and marks. However, any registrations may not adequately cover our intellectual property or protect us against infringement by others. Effective patent, trademark, service mark, copyright and trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which our products and services may be made available online. We also currently own or control a number of Internet domain names and have invested time and money in the purchase of domain names and other intellectual property, which may be impaired if we cannot protect such intellectual property. We may be unable to protect these domain names or acquire or maintain relevant domain names in the United States and in other countries. If we are not able to protect our patents, trademarks, domain names or other intellectual property, we may experience difficulties in achieving and maintaining brand recognition and customer loyalty.
The loss of key personnel, an inability to attract and retain additional personnel or difficulties in the integration of new members of our management team into our company could affect our ability to successfully grow our business.
Our future success depends in large part upon the continued service of the members of our executive management team and key employees, including our Chief Executive Officer, Matthew Atkinson. All members of our executive management team are subject to employment agreements. In addition, our success also depends on our ability to attract and retain qualified technical, sales and marketing, product support, financial and accounting, legal and other managerial personnel. The competition for skilled personnel in the industries in which we operate is intense. Our
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personnel generally may terminate their employment at any time for any reason. We may incur significant costs to attract and retain highly skilled personnel, and we may lose new employees to our competitors before we realize the benefit of our investment in recruiting them. As we move into new geographies, we will need to attract and recruit skilled personnel across functional areas. If we fail to attract new personnel or if we suffer increases in costs or business operations interruptions as a result of a labor dispute, or fail to retain and motivate our current personnel, we might not be able to operate our businesses effectively or efficiently, serve our users properly or maintain the quality of our content and services.
We will face growing regulatory and compliance requirements in a variety of areas, which can be costly and time consuming.
Our business is, and may in the future be, subject to a variety of laws and regulations, including working conditions, labor, immigration and employment laws, and health, safety and sanitation requirements. We are unable to predict the outcome or effects of any potential legislative or regulatory proposals on our business. Any changes to the legal and regulatory framework applicable to our business could have an adverse impact on our business and results of operations. Our failure to comply with applicable governmental laws and regulations, or to maintain necessary permits or licenses, could result in liability that could have a material negative effect on our business and results of operations.
Legislation or government regulations may be adopted which may affect our products and liability.
Nanobubble technology and aqueous ozone are subject to considerable regulatory uncertainty as the law evolves to catch up with the rapidly evolving nature of the technology itself, all of which are beyond our control. Our products also may not achieve the requisite level of compatibility required for certification and rollout to consumers or satisfy changing regulatory requirements which could require us to redesign, modify or update our products.
The industry may become subject to increased legislation and regulation. Further, the legislation or regulations in different countries may impose different standards, which may be conflicting. Any legislation or regulations which impose standards, or which impose liability, is likely to increase our manufacturing cost as well as the cost of compliance.
We are subject to, and must remain in compliance with, numerous laws and governmental regulations concerning the manufacturing, use, distribution and sale of our products. Some of our customers also require that it complies with their own unique requirements relating to these matters.
We manufacture and sell products that contain ozone, and which may be subject to government regulation in the locations where we develop, manufacture, and assemble our products, as well as the locations where we sell our products. Among other things, certain applicable laws and regulations require or may in the future require the submission of annual reports to the certain governmental agencies certifying that such products comply with applicable performance standards, the maintenance of manufacturing, testing, and distribution records, and the reporting of certain product defects to such regulatory agency or consumers. If our products fail to comply with applicable regulations, we and/or our products could be subjected to a variety of enforcement actions or sanctions, such as product recalls, repairs or replacements, warning letters, untitled letters, safety alerts, injunctions, import alerts, administrative product detentions or seizures, or civil penalties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.
Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock
Once our class B common stock is listed on NYSE American, there can be no assurance that an active market in which investors can resell their shares of our class B common stock will develop.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for shares of our common stock. As a condition to consummating this offering, our class B common stock offered in this prospectus must be listed on NYSE American or another national securities exchange. Accordingly, we have applied to list our class B common stock on NYSE American under the symbol “ .” Assuming that our class B common stock is listed and after the consummation of this offering, there can be no assurance any broker will be interested in trading our stock. Therefore, it may be difficult to sell your shares if you desire or need to sell them. Our underwriters are not obligated to make a market in our class B common stock, and even if they make a market, they can discontinue market making at any time without notice. Neither we nor the underwriters can provide any assurance that an active and liquid trading market in our class B common stock will develop or, if developed, that such a market will continue.
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The market price of our stock may be highly volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.
The market for our class B common stock may be characterized by significant price volatility when compared to the shares of larger, more established companies that have large public floats, and we expect that our stock price will be more volatile than the shares of such larger, more established companies for the indefinite future. The stock market in general, and the market for stocks of technology companies in particular, has recently been highly volatile. Furthermore, there have been recent instances of extreme stock price run-ups followed by rapid price declines and stock price volatility following a number of recent initial public offerings, particularly among companies with relatively smaller public floats. We may also experience such volatility, including stock run-ups, upon completion of this offering, which may be unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance and financial condition or prospects, making it difficult for prospective investors to assess the rapidly changing value of our class B common stock.
The market price of our class B common stock is likely to be volatile due to a number of factors. First, as noted above, our class B common stock is likely to be more sporadically and thinly traded compared to the shares of such larger, more established companies. The price for our class B common stock could, for example, decline precipitously in the event that a large number of shares are sold on the market without commensurate demand. Furthermore, pursuant to a separate resale prospectus included in the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, we are also registering 1,741,036 shares of class B common stock for resale by certain selling stockholders. The registration of such a large number of shares concurrent with this offering may also lead to increased volatility. Finally, we are a speculative or “risky” investment due to our lack of profits to date. As a consequence of this enhanced risk, more risk-adverse investors may, under the fear of losing all or most of their investment in the event of negative news or lack of progress, be more inclined to sell their shares on the market more quickly and at greater discounts than would be the case with the stock of a larger, more established company that has a large public float. Many of the foregoing factors are beyond our control and may decrease the market price of our class B common stock regardless of our operating performance. The market price of our class B common stock could also be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a broad and diverse range of factors, including the following:
• actual or anticipated variations in our periodic operating results;
• increases in market interest rates that lead investors of our class B common stock to demand a higher investment return;
• changes in earnings estimates;
• changes in market valuations of similar companies;
• actions or announcements by our competitors;
• adverse market reaction to any increased indebtedness we may incur in the future;
• additions or departures of key personnel;
• actions by stockholders;
• speculation in the media, online forums, or investment community; and
• our ability to maintain the listing of our class B common stock on NYSE American.
The public offering price of our class B common stock has been determined by negotiations between us and the underwriters based upon many factors and may not be indicative of prices that will prevail following the closing of this offering. Volatility in the market price of our class B common stock may prevent investors from being able to sell their shares at or above the initial public offering price. As a result, you may suffer a loss on your investment.
We may not be able to maintain a listing of our class B common stock on NYSE American.
If our class B common stock is listed on NYSE American, we must meet certain financial and liquidity criteria to maintain such a listing. If we fail to meet any of NYSE American’s continued listing standards or we violate NYSE American listing requirements, our class B common stock may be delisted. In addition, our board of directors may determine that the cost of maintaining our listing on a national securities exchange outweighs the benefits of such a listing. A delisting of our class B common stock from NYSE American may materially impair our stockholders’
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ability to buy and sell our class B common stock and could have an adverse effect on the market price of, and the efficiency of the trading market for, our class B common stock. The delisting of our class B common stock could significantly impair our ability to raise capital and the value of your investment.
The structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with two stockholders, which will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters. It may also limit the price and liquidity of our class B common stock due to its ineligibility for inclusion in certain stock market indices.
We are authorized to issue two classes of common stock — class A common stock and class B common stock. The class A common stock is entitled to ten votes per share and the class B common stock is entitled to one vote. In this offering, we are offering shares of class B common stock. All of our outstanding class A common stock is currently held by Matthew Atkinson, our Chief Executive Officer. In addition, Mr. Atkinson and a third party, Bethor Limited, also hold all of our outstanding series seed preferred stock, which will automatically convert into class A common stock upon completion of this offering. Accordingly, upon completion of this offering, these stockholders will collectively be able to exercise approximately 88% of our total voting power (with Mr. Atkinson controlling approximately 35% and Bethor Limited controlling approximately 53%). This concentrated control will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters, including significant business decisions for the foreseeable future and could harm the market value of your class B common stock.
In addition, certain index providers have announced restrictions on including companies with multiple-class share structures in certain of their indexes. For example, in July 2017, FTSE Russell and Standard & Poor’s announced that they would cease to allow most newly public companies utilizing dual or multi-class capital structures to be included in their indices. Under the announced policies, our dual class capital structure would make us ineligible for inclusion in any of these indices. Given the sustained flow of investment funds into passive strategies that seek to track certain indexes, exclusion from stock indexes would likely preclude investment by many of these funds and could make our class B common stock less attractive to other investors. As a result, fewer investors may be willing to purchase our class B common stock. In consequence, the market price and liquidity of our class B common stock could be adversely affected.
Our management has broad discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from this offering.
Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds of this offering. Accordingly, you will have to rely upon the judgment of our management with respect to the use of these proceeds. Our management may spend a portion or all of the net proceeds from this offering in ways that holders of our class B common stock may not desire or that may not yield a significant return or any return at all. Our management not applying these funds effectively could harm our business. Pending their use, we may also invest the net proceeds from this offering in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value. Please see “Use of Proceeds” below for more information.
You will experience immediate and substantial dilution as a result of this offering.
As of September 30, 2023, our net tangible book value (deficit) was approximately $(2,467,450), or approximately $(0.79) per share. Since the price per share being offered in this offering is substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per common share, you will suffer substantial dilution with respect to the net tangible book value of the shares you purchase in this offering. Based on the assumed public offering price of $5.00 per share being sold in this offering, which is the midpoint of the estimated range of the public offering price shown on the cover page of this prospectus, and our net tangible book value per share as of September 30, 2023, if you purchase shares in this offering, you will suffer immediate and substantial dilution of $4.24 per share (or $4.06 per share if the underwriters exercise the over-allotment option in full) with respect to the net tangible book value of our common stock. See “Dilution” for a more detailed discussion of the dilution you will incur if you purchase shares in this offering.
We do not expect to declare or pay dividends in the foreseeable future.
We do not expect to declare or pay dividends in the foreseeable future, as we anticipate that we will invest future earnings in the development and growth of our business. Therefore, holders of our class B common stock will not receive any return on their investment unless they sell their shares, and holders may be unable to sell their shares on favorable terms or at all.
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If securities industry analysts do not publish research reports on us, or publish unfavorable reports on us, then the market price and market trading volume of our class B common stock could be negatively affected.
Any trading market for our class B common stock may be influenced in part by any research reports that securities industry analysts publish about us. We do not currently have and may never obtain research coverage by securities industry analysts. If no securities industry analysts commence coverage of us, the market price and market trading volume of our class B common stock could be negatively affected. In the event we are covered by analysts, and one or more of such analysts downgrade our securities, or otherwise reports on us unfavorably, or discontinues coverage of us, the market price and market trading volume of our class B common stock could be negatively affected.
The number of shares being registered for sale concurrently with this offering is significant in relation to our outstanding shares.
As noted above, pursuant to a separate resale prospectus included in the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, we are also registering 1,741,036 shares of class B common stock for resale by certain selling stockholders. All of the shares registered for sale on behalf of the selling stockholders are “restricted securities” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. We have included the resale prospectus in the registration statement to register these restricted shares for sale into the public market by the selling stockholders. These restricted securities, if sold in the market all at once or at about the same time, could depress the market price and also could affect our ability to raise equity capital. Any outstanding shares not sold by the selling stockholders pursuant to the resale prospectus will remain as “restricted shares” in the hands of the holders, except for those sales that satisfy the requirements under Rule 144 or another exemption to the registration requirements under the Securities Act.
Future issuances of our class B common stock or securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, our class B common stock, or the expiration of lock-up agreements that restrict the issuance of new class B common stock or the trading of outstanding class B common stock, could cause the market price of our class B common stock to decline and would result in the dilution of your holdings.
Future issuances of our class B common stock or securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, our class B common stock, or the expiration of lock-up agreements that restrict the issuance of new class B common stock or the trading of outstanding class B common stock, could cause the market price of our class B common stock to decline. We cannot predict the effect, if any, of future issuances of our securities, or the future expirations of lock-up agreements, on the price of our class B common stock. In all events, future issuances of our class B common stock would result in the dilution of your holdings. In addition, the perception that new issuances of our securities could occur, or the perception that locked-up parties will sell their securities when the lock-ups expire, could adversely affect the market price of our class B common stock. In connection with this offering, we and our officers, directors and holders of 5% or greater of our outstanding class A common stock and class B common stock have agreed to be locked up for a period of twelve months from the date on which the trading of our class B common stock commences. Holders of 1-4.99% of our outstanding common stock agreed to be locked up for a period of six months from the date on which the trading of our class B common stock commences; provided that if the aggregate of such holders shares were to equal or exceed 20% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis prior to the completing of this offering, then their lock up period shall be for twelve months from the date of trading of our class B common stock commences. Holders of less than 1% of our outstanding common stock are not subject to any lock up; provided that if the aggregate of such holders shares were to equal or exceed 5% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis prior to the completing of this offering, then their lock up period shall be for six months from the date of trading of our class B common stock commences. See “Underwriting.” In addition to any adverse effects that may arise upon the expiration of these lock-up agreements, the lock-up provisions in these agreements may be waived, at any time and without notice. If the restrictions under the lock-up agreements are waived, our class B common stock may become available for resale, subject to applicable law, including without notice, which could reduce the market price for our class B common stock.
Future issuances of debt securities, which would rank senior to our common stock upon our bankruptcy or liquidation, and future issuances of preferred stock, which could rank senior to our common stock for the purposes of dividends and liquidating distributions, may adversely affect the level of return you may be able to achieve from an investment in our class B common stock.
In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by offering debt securities. Upon bankruptcy or liquidation, holders of our debt securities, and lenders with respect to other borrowings we may make, would receive
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distributions of our available assets prior to any distributions being made to holders of our common stock. Moreover, if we issue preferred stock, the holders of such preferred stock could be entitled to preferences over holders of common stock in respect of the payment of dividends and the payment of liquidating distributions. Because our decision to issue debt or preferred stock in any future offering, or borrow money from lenders, will depend in part on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of any such future offerings or borrowings. Holders of our class B common stock must bear the risk that any future offerings we conduct or borrowings we make may adversely affect the level of return, if any, they may be able to achieve from an investment in our class B common stock.
If our shares of class B common stock become subject to the penny stock rules, it would become more difficult to trade our shares.
The SEC has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in penny stocks. Penny stocks are generally equity securities with a price of less than $5.00, other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or authorized for quotation on certain automated quotation systems, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system. If we do not retain a listing on NYSE American or another national securities exchange and if the price of our class B common stock is less than $5.00, our class B common stock could be deemed a penny stock. The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, before a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document containing specified information. In addition, the penny stock rules require that before effecting any transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, a broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive (i) the purchaser’s written acknowledgment of the receipt of a risk disclosure statement; (ii) a written agreement to transactions involving penny stocks; and (iii) a signed and dated copy of a written suitability statement. These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for our class B common stock, and therefore stockholders may have difficulty selling their shares.
We will be subject to ongoing public reporting requirements that are less rigorous than Exchange Act rules for companies that are not emerging growth companies, and our stockholders could receive less information than they might expect to receive from more mature public companies.
Upon the completion of this offering, we will be required to publicly report on an ongoing basis as an “emerging growth company” (as defined in the JOBS Act) under the reporting rules set forth under the Exchange Act. For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other Exchange Act reporting companies that are not emerging growth companies, including but not limited to:
• not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
• being permitted to comply with reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements; and
• being exempt from the requirement to hold a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.
In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Our financial statements may therefore not be comparable to those of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.
We expect to take advantage of these reporting exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would remain an emerging growth company for up to five years, although if the market value of our class B common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any June 30 before that time, we would cease to be an emerging growth company as of the following December 31.
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Because we will be subject to ongoing public reporting requirements that are less rigorous than Exchange Act rules for companies that are not emerging growth companies, our stockholders could receive less information than they might expect to receive from more mature public companies. We cannot predict if investors will find our class B common stock less attractive if we elect to rely on these exemptions, or if taking advantage of these exemptions would result in less active trading or more volatility in the price of our class B common stock.
We are also a smaller reporting company within the meaning of the Securities Act, and if we take advantage of certain exemptions from disclosure requirements available to smaller reporting companies, this could make our securities less attractive to investors and may make it more difficult to compare our performance with other public companies.
Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act defines a “smaller reporting company” as an issuer that is not an investment company, an asset-backed issuer, or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent that is not a smaller reporting company and that:
• had a public float of less than $250 million as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter, computed by multiplying the aggregate worldwide number of shares of its voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates by the price at which the common equity was last sold, or the average of the bid and asked prices of common equity, in the principal market for the common equity; or
• in the case of an initial registration statement under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act for shares of its common equity, had a public float of less than $250 million as of a date within 30 days of the date of the filing of the registration statement, computed by multiplying the aggregate worldwide number of such shares held by non-affiliates before the registration plus, in the case of a Securities Act registration statement, the number of such shares included in the registration statement by the estimated public offering price of the shares; or
• in the case of an issuer whose public float as calculated under paragraph (1) or (2) of this definition was zero or whose public float was less than $700 million, had annual revenues of less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year for which audited financial statements are available.
As a smaller reporting company, we will not be required and may not include a compensation discussion and analysis section in our proxy statements, and we will provide only two years of financial statements. We also will have other “scaled” disclosure requirements that are less comprehensive than issuers that are not smaller reporting companies which could make our class B common stock less attractive to potential investors, which could make it more difficult for our stockholders to sell their shares.
Upon the completion of this offering, we will be a “controlled company” under the rules of NYSE American and as a result, we may choose to exempt our company from certain corporate governance requirements that could have an adverse effect on our public stockholders.
Under NYSE American rules, a company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including, without limitation, (i) the requirement to have a board of directors comprised of a majority of independent directors, (ii) requirement that director nominees be selected either by the independent directors or a nomination committee comprised solely of independent directors and (iii) the requirement that the compensation of officers be determined, or recommended to the board for determination, either by the independent directors or a compensation committee comprised solely of independent directors. As noted above, upon the completion of this offering, Bethor Limited will be able to exercise approximately 53% of our total voting power. As a result, we will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of NYSE American rules. Although we currently do not intend to rely on the “controlled company” exemption, we could elect to rely on this exemption in the future. If we elected to rely on the “controlled company” exemption, a majority of the members of our board of directors might not be independent and our nominating and compensation committees might not consist entirely of independent directors. Our status as a controlled company could cause our class B common stock to look less attractive to certain investors or otherwise harm our trading price.
Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Nevada law could make an acquisition of our company more difficult, and limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management.
Provisions in our articles of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of our company or changes in our management. As described above, we have a dual class structure which concentrates control with two stockholders. Furthermore, neither the holders of our common stock nor the holders of our preferred
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stock have cumulative voting rights in the election of our directors. The combination of the present ownership by two stockholders of a significant portion of our issued and outstanding common stock and lack of cumulative voting makes it more difficult for other stockholders to replace our board of directors or for a third party to obtain control of our company by replacing its board of directors.
In addition, our authorized but unissued shares of common stock are available for our board of directors to issue without stockholder approval, subject to NYSE American’s rules. We may use these additional shares for a variety of corporate purposes, including raising additional capital, corporate acquisitions and employee stock plans. The existence of our authorized but unissued shares of common stock could render it more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of our company by means of a proxy context, tender offer, merger or other transaction since our board of directors can issue large amounts of capital stock as part of a defense to a take-over challenge. In addition, we have authorized in our articles of incorporation 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Our board acting alone and without approval of our stockholders, subject to NYSE American’s rules, can designate and issue one or more series of preferred stock containing super-voting provisions, enhanced economic rights, rights to elect directors, or other dilutive features, that could be utilized as part of a defense to a take-over challenge.
In addition, various provisions of our bylaws may also have an anti-takeover effect. These provisions may delay, defer or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt of our company that a stockholder might consider in his or her best interest, including attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares held by our stockholders. Our bylaws may be adopted, amended or repealed only by our board of directors. Our bylaws also contain limitations as to who may call special meetings as well as require advance notice of stockholder matters to be brought at a meeting. Additionally, our bylaws also provide that no director may be removed by less than a two-thirds vote of the issued and outstanding shares entitled to vote on the removal. Our bylaws also permit the board of directors to establish the number of directors and fill any vacancies and newly created directorships. These provisions will prevent a stockholder from increasing the size of our board of directors and gaining control of our board of directors by filling the resulting vacancies with its own nominees.
Our bylaws also establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to the board of directors. Stockholders at an annual meeting will only be able to consider proposals or nominations specified in the notice of meeting or brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the board of directors or by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record on the record date for the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has given us timely written notice, in proper form, of the stockholder’s intention to bring that business before the meeting. Although our bylaws do not give the board of directors the power to approve or disapprove stockholder nominations of candidates or proposals regarding other business to be conducted at a special or annual meeting, our bylaws may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper procedures are not followed or may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company.
These provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management.
General Risk Factors
We face significant competition.
We believe that our success will depend heavily upon achieving market acceptance of our products before our competitors introduce more advanced competing products. Current and new competitors, however, may be able to develop and introduce better or more desirable products in advance of us or at a lower cost. In addition, some of our current and potential competitors have longer and/or more established operating histories, greater industry experience, greater name recognition, established customer bases, and significantly greater financial, technical, marketing, and other resources than we do. To be competitive, we must respond promptly and effectively to the challenges of technological change, evolving standards and regulations, and our competitors’ innovations by continually working to improve the design of our products, enhancing our products, as well as improving and increasing our marketing and distribution channels. Increased competition could result in a decrease in the desirability of our products, a decrease in the use of our products by customers, loss of market share and brand recognition, and a reduction in the projected revenues from our products. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against current and future competitors. Competitive pressures faced by us could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.
24
Increased prices for raw materials could increase our cost of sales and decrease demand for our products, which could adversely affect our revenue or profitability.
Our profitability is affected by the prices of the raw materials used in the manufacturing and sale of our products. These prices may fluctuate based on a number of factors beyond our control, including, among others, changes in supply and demand, general economic conditions, labor costs, competition, import duties, currency exchange rates and, in some cases, government regulation. Increased prices could adversely affect our profitability or revenues. We do not have long-term supply contracts for the raw materials. Significant increases in the prices of raw materials could adversely affect our profit margins, especially if we are not able to recover these costs by increasing the prices we charge our customers for our products.
If commodity prices such as fuel, plastic and steel increase, our margins may be negatively impacted.
Our third-party delivery services have increased fuel surcharges from time to time, and such increases negatively impact our margins, as we are generally unable to pass all of these costs directly to consumers. Increasing prices of the raw materials for the products we sell may impact the availability, the quality and the price of our products, as suppliers search for alternatives to existing materials and increase the prices they charge. We cannot ensure that we can recover all the increased costs through price increases, and our suppliers may not continue to provide the consistent quality of raw materials as they may substitute lower cost materials to maintain pricing levels, all of which may have a negative impact on our business and results of operations.
If we fail to properly manage our anticipated growth, our business could suffer.
The planned growth of our commercial operations may place a significant strain on our management and on our operational and financial resources and systems. To manage growth effectively, we will need to maintain a system of management controls, and attract and retain qualified personnel, as well as develop, train and manage management-level and other employees. Failure to manage our growth effectively could cause us to over-invest or under-invest in infrastructure, and result in losses or weaknesses in our infrastructure, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flow. Any failure by us to manage our growth effectively could have a negative effect on our ability to achieve our development and commercialization goals and strategies.
Business interruptions in our facilities may affect the distribution of our products and/or the stability of our computer systems, which may affect our business.
Weather, terrorist activities, war or other disasters, or the threat of them, may result in the closure of one or more of our facilities, or may adversely affect our ability to timely provide products to our customers, resulting in lost sales or a potential loss of customer loyalty. Most of our raw materials are imported from other countries and these goods could become difficult or impossible to bring into the United States, and we may not be able to obtain such raw materials from other sources at similar prices. Such a disruption in revenue could potentially have a negative impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We rely extensively on our computer systems to manage inventory, process transactions and timely provide products to our customers. Our systems are subject to damage or interruption from power outages, telecommunications failures, computer viruses, security breaches or other catastrophic events. If our systems are damaged or fail to function properly, we may experience loss of critical data and interruptions or delays in our ability to manage inventories or process customer transactions. Such a disruption of our systems could negatively impact revenue and potentially have a negative impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Security threats, such as ransomware attacks, to our IT infrastructure could expose us to liability, and damage our reputation and business.
It is essential to our business strategy that our technology and network infrastructure remain secure and is perceived by our customers to be secure. Despite security measures, however, any network infrastructure may be vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Information security risks have significantly increased in recent years in part due to the proliferation of new technologies and the increased sophistication and activities of organized crime, hackers, terrorists and other external parties, including foreign private parties and state actors. We may face cyber-attacks that attempt to penetrate our network security, including our data centers, to sabotage or otherwise disable our website, misappropriate our or
25
our customers’ proprietary information, which may include personally identifiable information, or cause interruptions of our internal systems and services. If successful, any of these attacks could negatively affect our reputation, damage our network infrastructure and our ability to sell our products, harm our relationship with customers that are affected and expose us to financial liability.
We maintain a comprehensive system of preventive and detective controls through our security programs; however, given the rapidly evolving nature and proliferation of cyber threats, our controls may not prevent or identify all such attacks in a timely manner or otherwise prevent unauthorized access to, damage to, or interruption of our systems and operations, and we cannot eliminate the risk of human error or employee or vendor malfeasance.
In addition, any failure by us to comply with applicable privacy and information security laws and regulations could cause us to incur significant costs to protect any customers whose personal data was compromised and to restore customer confidence in us and to make changes to our information systems and administrative processes to address security issues and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. In addition, our customers could lose confidence in our ability to protect their personal information, which could cause them to stop shopping on our sites altogether. Such events could lead to lost sales and adversely affect our results of operations. We also could be exposed to government enforcement actions and private litigation.
Interruptions in deliveries of raw materials could adversely affect our revenue or profitability.
Our dependency upon regular deliveries from particular suppliers means that interruptions or stoppages in such deliveries could adversely affect our operations until arrangements with alternate suppliers could be made. If any of our suppliers were unable to deliver raw materials to us for an extended period of time, as the result of financial difficulties, catastrophic events affecting their facilities or other factors beyond our control, or if we were unable to negotiate acceptable terms for the supply of raw materials with these or alternative suppliers, our business could suffer. We may not be able to find acceptable alternatives, and any such alternatives could result in increased costs for us. Even if acceptable alternatives are found, the process of locating and securing such alternatives might be disruptive to our business. Extended unavailability of a necessary raw material could cause us to cease manufacturing or selling one or more of our products for a period of time.
Assertions by third parties of infringement, misappropriation or other violation by us of their intellectual property rights could result in significant costs and substantially harm our business and operating results.
In recent years, there has been significant litigation involving intellectual property rights. Any infringement, misappropriation or related claims, whether or not meritorious, is time-consuming, diverts technical and management personnel and is costly to resolve. As a result of any such dispute, we may have to develop non-infringing technology, pay damages, enter into royalty or licensing agreements, cease providing our product or take other actions to resolve the claims. These actions, if required, may be costly or unavailable on terms acceptable to us. Any of these events could result in increases in operating expenses, limit our product offerings or result in a loss of business.
Industry and other market data that may be used in our prospectus or in periodic reports that we may in the future file with the SEC and our other materials, including those undertaken by us or our engaged consultants, may not prove to be representative of current and future market conditions or future results.
This prospectus, and periodic reports that we may in the future file with the SEC, includes or may include or refer to statistical and other industry and market data that we obtained from industry publications and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties and surveys and studies that we may have undertaken ourselves regarding the market potential for our product candidates. Although we believe that such information has been, and will be, obtained from reliable sources, the sources of such data do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of such information. While we believe these industry publications and third-party research, surveys and studies are reliable, we do not independently verify such data. The results of this data represent various methodologies, assumptions, research, analysis, projections, estimates, composition of respondent pool, presentation of data and adjustments, each of which may ultimately prove to be incorrect or inaccurate and may cause actual results and market viability information to differ materially from that presented in this prospectus or any such report or other materials that we may prepare.
26
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to us. All statements other than statements of historical facts are forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in, but not limited to, the sections entitled “Prospectus Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business.” These statements relate to future events or to our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements about:
• our goals and strategies;
• our future business development, financial condition and results of operations;
• expected changes in our revenue, costs or expenditures;
• growth of and competition trends in our industry;
• our expectations regarding demand for, and market acceptance of, our products and services;
• our expectations regarding our relationships with investors, institutional funding partners and other parties we collaborate with;
• our expectation regarding the use of proceeds from this offering;
• fluctuations in general economic and business conditions in the market in which we operate; and
• relevant government policies and regulations relating to our industry.
In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “could,” “will,” “should,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “project” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which are, in some cases, beyond our control and which could materially affect results. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. If one or more of these risks or uncertainties occur, or if our underlying assumptions prove to be incorrect, actual events or results may vary significantly from those implied or projected by the forward-looking statements. No forward-looking statement is a guarantee of future performance.
The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this prospectus. Although we will become a public company after this offering and have ongoing disclosure obligations under U.S. federal securities laws, we do not intend to update or otherwise revise the forward-looking statements in this prospectus, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
27
After deducting the estimated underwriters’ discounts and commissions and offering expenses payable by us, we expect to receive net proceeds of approximately $6.1 million from this offering (or approximately $7.1 million if the underwriters exercise the over-allotment option in full), based on an assumed public offering price of $5.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.
We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for the repayment of certain debt, research and development/intellectual property, and for working capital and general corporate purposes. For purposes of calculation of the loan payoff amount, we have used a payoff date of December 17, 2023. Additional interest will accrue at the given rates from December 17, 2023 to the closing date of this offering.
The following table sets forth a breakdown of our estimated use of our net proceeds as we currently expect to use them.
|
Amount |
Amount with |
|||||
|
Repayment of debt(1) |
$ |
3,268,767 |
$ |
3,268,767 |
||
|
Research and development/intellectual property |
|
697,808 |
|
956,558 |
||
|
Working capital and general corporate |
|
2,093,425 |
|
2,869,675 |
||
|
Total use of proceeds |
$ |
6,060,000 |
$ |
7,095,000 |
||
____________
(1) On October 17, 2022, we issued a promissory note in the principal amount of $3,000,000 to Burlington Capital, LLC as part of the purchase price for the acquisition of CleanCore LLC, TetraClean and Food Safety. The note bore interest at a rate of 7% per annum until September 13, 2023, after which time the rate increased to 10% per annum. The note matures and is due on the earlier of (i) the closing of a firm commitment initial public offering and concurrent listing on a national securities exchange or (ii) December 17, 2023. We may prepay the note at any time at any time without penalty. The note is unsecured and contains customary events of default.
The foregoing represents our current intentions to use and allocate the net proceeds of this offering based upon our present plans and business conditions. Our management, however, will have broad discretion in the way that we use the net proceeds of this offering. Pending the final application of the net proceeds of this offering, we intend to invest the net proceeds of this offering in short-term, interest-bearing, investment-grade securities. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock — Our management has broad discretion as to the use of the net proceeds from this offering.”
28
We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the near future. We may also enter into credit agreements or other borrowing arrangements in the future that will restrict our ability to declare or pay cash dividends. Any future determination to declare dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, general business conditions and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant. See also “Risk Factors — Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock — We do not expect to declare or pay dividends in the foreseeable future.”
29
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of September 30, 2023:
• on an actual basis; and
• on a pro forma as adjusted basis to reflect (i) the sale of 1,500,000 shares of class B common stock by us in this offering at an assumed price to the public of $5.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, resulting in net proceeds to us of $6,060,000 after deducting underwriter commissions, discounts and non-accountable expenses of $600,000 and our estimated other offering expenses of $840,000 (assuming no exercise of the over-allotment option), and after giving effect to the use of proceeds described herein, and (ii) the conversion of 3,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock into 3,000,000 shares of class A common stock concurrent with the closing of this offering.
The as adjusted information below is illustrative only and our capitalization following the completion of this offering is subject to adjustment based on the public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. You should read this table together with our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
|
As of September 30, 2023 |
||||||||
|
Actual |
As Adjusted |
|||||||
|
Cash |
$ |
64,118 |
|
$ |
2,855,351 |
|
||
|
Stockholders’ equity: |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Series Seed Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value, 4,000,000 shares authorized; 3,000,000 shares issued and outstanding, actual; and no shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted |
|
300 |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized; 350,000 shares issued and outstanding, actual; and 3,350,000 shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted |
|
35 |
|
|
335 |
|
||
|
Class B Common Stock, $0.0001 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized; 3,105,940 shares issued and outstanding, actual; and 4,605,940 shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted |
|
311 |
|
|
461 |
|
||
|
Additional paid-in capital |
|
6,832,735 |
|
|
12,828,625 |
|
||
|
Accumulated deficit |
|
(5,460,501 |
) |
|
(5,460,501 |
) |
||
|
Total stockholders’ equity |
|
1,372,880 |
|
|
7,432,880 |
|
||
|
Total capitalization |
$ |
1,372,880 |
|
$ |
7,432,880 |
|
||
The table above excludes the following shares:
• 350,000 shares of class B common stock issuable upon the conversion of 350,000 shares of class A common stock upon a transfer thereof;
• 2,000,000 shares of class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options at an exercise price of $0.25 per share;
• 770,000 shares of class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options granted under our 2022 equity incentive plan at a weighted average exercise price of $2.21 per share;
• 966,819 shares of class B common stock that are reserved for future issuance under our 2022 equity incentive plan;
• 46,263 shares of class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants at an exercise price of $1.74 per share; and
• up to 105,000 shares of class B common stock (or 120,750 shares issuable if the underwriters exercise the overallotment option in full) issuable upon exercise of the representative’s warrants issued in connection with this offering.
30
If you invest in our class B common stock in this offering, your ownership will be diluted immediately to the extent of the difference between the public offering price per share and the as adjusted net tangible book value per share of common stock immediately after this offering. Dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors is the amount by which the offering price paid by the purchasers of the shares sold in this offering exceeds the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering. Net tangible book value per share is determined at any date by subtracting our total liabilities from the total book value of our tangible assets and dividing the difference by the number of shares of class B common stock deemed to be outstanding at that date.
As of September 30, 2023, our net tangible book value (deficit) was approximately $(2,467,450), or approximately $(0.79) per share.
After giving effect to our sale of 1,500,000 shares of class B common stock in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $5.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated range of the public offering price shown on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses, and after giving effect to the use of proceeds described herein, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of September 30, 2023 would have been approximately $3,520,951, or approximately $0.76 per share. This amount represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $1.55 per share to existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of $4.24 per share to purchasers of our shares in this offering, as illustrated in the following table.
|
Assumed public offering price per share |
|
|
$ |
5.00 |
|||
|
Historical net tangible book value (deficit) per share as of September 30, 2023 |
$ |
(0.79 |
) |
|
|||
|
Increase in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors purchasing shares in this offering |
$ |
1.55 |
|
|
|||
|
Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering |
|
|
|
0.76 |
|||
|
Dilution per share to new investors purchasing shares in this offering |
|
|
$ |
4.24 |
If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value would be $0.94 per share, and the dilution in net tangible book value per share to new investors purchasing shares in this offering would be $4.06 per share.
The following table sets forth the total number of shares of common stock previously issued and sold to existing investors, the total consideration paid for the foregoing and the average price per share of common stock paid, or to be paid, by existing owners and by the new investors. The calculation below is based on the assumed initial public offering price of $5.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, before deducting estimated underwriter commissions and offering expenses, in each case payable by us, and assumes no exercise of the over-allotment option.
|
|
|
Average |
||||||||||||
|
Number |
Percent |
Amount |
Percent |
|||||||||||
|
Existing stockholders(1) |
6,455,940 |
81.15 |
% |
$ |
3,000,000 |
28.57 |
% |
$ |
0.46 |
|||||
|
New investors |
1,500,000 |
18.85 |
% |
$ |
7,500,000 |
71.43 |
% |
$ |
5.00 |
|||||
|
Total |
7,955,940 |
100.00 |
% |
$ |
10,500,000 |
100.00 |
% |
|
||||||
____________
(1) Includes 3,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock that will be automatically converted into 3,000,000 shares of class A common stock concurrent with the closing of this offering.
The discussion and tables above exclude the following shares:
• 2,000,000 shares of class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options at an exercise price of $0.25 per share;
• 770,000 shares of class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options granted under our 2022 equity incentive plan at a weighted average exercise price of $2.21 per share;
31
• 966,819 shares of class B common stock that are reserved for future issuance under our 2022 equity incentive plan;
• 46,263 shares of class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants at an exercise price of $1.74 per share; and
• up to 105,000 shares of class B common stock (or 120,750 shares issuable if the underwriters exercise the overallotment option in full) issuable upon exercise of the representative’s warrants issued in connection with this offering.
To the extent that outstanding options or other convertible securities have been or may be exercised or other shares issued, including under our stock-based compensation plans, investors participating in this offering may experience further dilution. In addition, we may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of these securities could result in further dilution to our stockholders.
32
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL
CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis summarizes the significant factors affecting our operating results, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows of our company as of and for the periods presented below. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. The discussion contains forward-looking statements that are based on the beliefs of management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, our management. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in or implied by forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those discussed below and elsewhere in this prospectus, particularly in the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”
All periods presented on or prior to October 16, 2022 represent the operations of CleanCore, TetraClean and Food Safety, our predecessors companies, and all references to “predecessor” refer to the combined financial position and results of operations of CleanCore, TetraClean and Food Safety on and before such date. References to “successor” refer to the financial position and results of operations of our company subsequent to October 16, 2022.
Overview
We specialize in the development and manufacturing of cleaning products that produce pure aqueous ozone for professional, industrial, or home use. We have a patented nanobubble technology using aqueous ozone that we believe is highly effective in cleaning, sanitizing, and deodorizing surfaces and high-touch areas.
We offer products and solutions that are marketed for janitorial and sanitation, ice machine cleaning, laundry, and industrial industries. Our products are used in many types of environments including retail establishments, distribution centers, factories, warehouses, restaurants, schools and universities, airports, healthcare, food service, and commercial buildings such as offices, malls, and stores.
Our mission is to become a leader in creating safe, clean spaces that are free from any chemical residue or skin irritants. We are currently expanding our distributor network, improving our manufacturing processes, and proving the effectiveness of our products in restaurants, airports, and hotels.
Principal Factors Affecting Our Financial Performance
Our operating results are primarily affected by the following factors:
• our ability to acquire new customers or retain existing customers;
• our ability to stay ahead of our value-proposition to end consumers;
• our ability to continue innovating our technology to meet consumer demand;
• industry demand and competition; and
• market conditions and our market position.
Emerging Growth Company
Upon the completion of this offering, we will qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As a result, we will be permitted to, and intend to, rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements. For so long as we are an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:
• have an auditor report on our internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
• comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (i.e., an auditor discussion and analysis);
33
• submit certain executive compensation matters to stockholder advisory votes, such as “say-on-pay” and “say-on-frequency;” and
• disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the chief executive officer’s compensation to median employee compensation.
In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Our financial statements may therefore not be comparable to those of companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.
We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (i) the last day of the fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of this offering, (ii) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our total annual gross revenues are $1.235 billion or more, (iii) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of our class B common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter or (iv) the date on which we have issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt during the preceding three year period.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022
The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 (Successor) and the three months ended September 30, 2022 (Predecessor), both in dollars and as a percentage of our revenues.
|
Three Months Ended |
Three Months Ended |
|||||||||||||
|
Amount |
% of |
Amount |
% of |
|||||||||||
|
Revenue |
$ |
325,684 |
|
100.00 |
% |
$ |
502,597 |
|
100.00 |
% |
||||
|
Cost of sales |
|
152,575 |
|
46.85 |
% |
|
345,798 |
|
68.80 |
% |
||||
|
Gross profit |
|
173,109 |
|
53.15 |
% |
|
156,799 |
|
31.20 |
% |
||||
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
General and administrative |
|
548,375 |
|
168.38 |
% |
|
301,247 |
|
59.94 |
% |
||||
|
Advertising expense |
|
823 |
|
0.25 |
% |
|
4,496 |
|
0.89 |
% |
||||
|
Depreciation expense |
|
63 |
|
0.02 |
% |
|
6,420 |
|
1.28 |
% |
||||
|
Loss from operations |
|
(376,152 |
) |
(115.50 |
)% |
|
(155,364 |
) |
(30.91 |
)% |
||||
|
Interest expense |
|
61,142 |
|
18.77 |
% |
|
107,693 |
|
21.43 |
% |
||||
|
Net loss |
$ |
(437,294 |
) |
(134.27 |
)% |
$ |
(263,057 |
) |
(52.34 |
)% |
||||
Revenue. We generate revenue from sales of our cleaning products. Our revenue decreased by $176,913, or 35.20%, to $325,684 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $502,597 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Such decrease was primarily due to decreases in the volume of products sold to our largest customers, due to external factors that impacted their number of purchases, offset by increases in product prices.
Cost of sales. Our cost of sales consists of raw materials, components and labor. Our cost of sales decreased by $193,223, or 55.88%, to $152,575 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $345,798 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. As a percentage of revenue, cost of sales decreased from 68.80% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 to 46.85% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. This decrease was primarily due to the price increases described above.
34
Gross profit. As a result of the foregoing, our gross profit increased by $16,310, or 10.40%, to $173,109 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $156,799 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. As a percentage of revenue, gross profit increased from 31.20% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 to 53.15% for the three months ended September 30, 2023.
General and administrative expenses. Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses, including employee salaries and bonuses plus related payroll taxes, professional advisor fees, bad debts, rent expense, insurance and other expenses incurred in connection with general operations. Our general and administrative expenses increased by $247,128 or 82.04%, to $548,375 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $301,247 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. As a percentage of revenue, our general and administrative expenses increased from 59.94% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 to 168.38% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. Such an increase was primarily due to the issuance of stock options and related expenses, as well as the hiring of additional staff.
Advertising expenses. Our advertising expenses consist of vendor trade shows and various trade publications. Our advertising expenses decreased by $3,673, or 81.69%, to $823 for the three months ended September 30, 2023 from $4,496 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Such decrease was primarily due to a reduction in trade show sponsorship expenses.
Depreciation expense. We incurred depreciation expense of $63, or 0.02% of revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to $6,420, or 1.28% of revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Interest expense. We incurred interest expense of $61,142, or 18.77% of revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to $107,693, or 21.43% of revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Net loss. As a result of the cumulative effect of the factors described above, we had a net loss of $437,294 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to $263,057 for the three months ended September 30, 2022, an increase of $174,237, or 66.24%.
Comparison of Years Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
The following table sets forth key components of our results of operations for the period from October 17, 2022 to June 30, 2023 (Successor), the period from July 1, 2022 to October 16, 2022 (Predecessor), and for the year ended June 30, 2022 (Predecessor).
|
Period from |
Period from |
For the Year |
||||||||||
|
Revenue |
$ |
1,938,366 |
|
$ |
502,990 |
|
$ |
2,648,005 |
|
|||
|
Cost of sales |
|
1,359,401 |
|
|
351,740 |
|
|
1,937,105 |
|
|||
|
Gross profit |
|
578,965 |
|
|
151,250 |
|
|
710,900 |
|
|||
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
General and administrative |
|
5,420,042 |
|
|
334,812 |
|
|
928,251 |
|
|||
|
Advertising expense |
|
14,944 |
|
|
4,621 |
|
|
30,882 |
|
|||
|
Depreciation expense |
|
63 |
|
|
6,143 |
|
|
18,317 |
|
|||
|
Loss from operations |
|
(4,856,084 |
) |
|
(194,326 |
) |
|
(266,550 |
) |
|||
|
Interest expense |
|
167,123 |
|
|
125,738 |
|
|
275,061 |
|
|||
|
Net loss |
$ |
(5,023,207 |
) |
$ |
(320,064 |
) |
$ |
(541,611 |
) |
|||
We believe that reviewing our operating results for the year ended June 30, 2023, by combining the results of the successor period (October 17, 2022 to June 30, 2023) and the predecessor period (July 1, 2022 to October 16, 2022) is more useful in discussing our overall operating performance compared to the results of the year ended June 30, 2022 (predecessor). We do not see any potential risks associated with utilizing this combined presentation.
35
Following are the combined results for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, both in dollars and as a percentage of our revenues.
|
Period from |
Period from |
Pro Forma Combined |
Year Ended |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Amount |
% of Revenue |
Amount |
% of Revenue |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Revenue |
$ |
1,938,366 |
|
$ |
502,990 |
|
$ |
2,441,356 |
|
100.00 |
% |
$ |
2,648,005 |
|
100.00 |
% |
||||||
|
Cost of sales |
|
1,359,401 |
|
|
351,740 |
|
|
1,711,141 |
|
70.09 |
% |
|
1,937,105 |
|
73.15 |
% |
||||||
|
Gross profit |
|
578,965 |
|
|
151,250 |
|
|
730,215 |
|
29.91 |
% |
|
710,900 |
|
26.85 |
% |
||||||
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
General and administrative |
|
5,420,042 |
|
|
334,812 |
|
|
5,757,854 |
|
235.72 |
% |
|
928,251 |
|
35.05 |
% |
||||||
|
Advertising expense |
|
14,944 |
|
|
4,621 |
|
|
19,565 |
|
0.80 |
% |
|
30,882 |
|
1.17 |
% |
||||||
|
Depreciation expense |
|
63 |
|
|
6,143 |
|
|
6,206 |
|
0.25 |
% |
|
18,317 |
|
0.69 |
% |
||||||
|
Loss from operations |
|
(4,856,084 |
) |
|
(194,326 |
) |
|
(5,050,410 |
) |
(206.87 |
)% |
|
(266,550 |
) |
(10.07 |
)% |
||||||
|
Interest expense |
|
167,123 |
|
|
125,738 |
|
|
292,861 |
|
12.00 |
% |
|
275,061 |
|
10.39 |
% |
||||||
|
Net loss |
$ |
(5,023,207 |
) |
$ |
(320,064 |
) |
$ |
(5,343,271 |
) |
(218.86 |
)% |
$ |
(541,611 |
) |
(20.45 |
)% |
||||||
Revenue. Our revenue decreased by $206,649, or 7.80%, to $2,441,356 for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $2,648,005 for the year ended June 30, 2022. Such decrease was primarily due to the insolvency of a distributor which did not generate any revenue in the fourth quarter of 2023. For the year ended June 30, 2023, this distributor accounted for approximately 10% of our total revenue, as compared to 17% for the year ended June 30, 2022.
Cost of sales. Our cost of sales decreased by $225,964, or 11.67%, to $1,711,141 for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $1,937,105 for the year ended June 30, 2022. Such decrease was in line with our decrease in revenue. As a percentage of revenue, cost of sales decreased from 73.15% for the year ended June 30, 2022 to 70.09% for the year ended June 30, 2023 due to price increases and cost adjustments that we made in February 2023 to improve our margins.
Gross profit. As a result of the foregoing, our gross profit increased by $19,315, or 2.72%, to $730,215 for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $710,900 for the year ended June 30, 2022. As a percentage of revenue, gross profit increased slightly from 26.85% for the year ended June 30, 2022 to 29.91% for the year ended June 30, 2023.
General and administrative expenses. Our general and administrative expenses increased by $4,826,603, or 519.97%, to $5,754,854 for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $928,251 for the year ended June 30, 2022. As a percentage of revenue, our general and administrative expenses increased from 35.05% for the year ended June 30, 2022 to 235.72% for the year ended June 30, 2023. Such increase was primarily due to a stock compensation expense of $4,089,332 relating to stock options and warrants issued in 2023 and an increase in executive compensation and consulting fees following the acquisition.
Advertising expenses. Our advertising expenses decreased by $11,317, or 36.65%, to $19,565 for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $30,882 for the year ended June 30, 2022. As a percentage of revenue, our advertising expenses decreased from 1.17% for the year ended June 30, 2022 to 0.80% for the year ended June 30, 2023. Such a decrease was primarily due to a strategic change to reduce advertising spending to ensure a direct return on investment for all expenses incurred in relation to advertising.
Depreciation expense. We incurred a depreciation expense of $6,206, or 0.25% of revenue, for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $18,317, or 0.69% of revenue, for the year ended June 30, 2022.
Interest expense. We incurred interest expenses of $292,861, or 12.00% of revenue, for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $275,061, or 10.39% of revenue, for the year ended June 30, 2022.
Net loss. As a result of the cumulative effect of the factors described above, we had a net loss of $5,343,271 for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $541,611 for the year ended June 30, 2022, an increase of $4,801,660, or 886.55%.
36
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of September 30, 2023, we had cash and cash equivalents of $64,118. To date, we have financed our operations primarily through revenue generated from operations, bank borrowings, private placements of our securities and advances from our founder and Chief Executive Officer.
Management has prepared estimates of operations and believes that with the proceeds of this offering sufficient funds will be generated from operations to fund our operations and to service our debt obligations for at least the next twelve months. We may, however, in the future require additional cash resources due to changing business conditions, implementation of our strategy to expand our business, or other investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our own financial resources are insufficient to satisfy our capital requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain additional credit facilities. The sale of additional equity securities could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could require us to agree to operating and financial covenants that would restrict our operations. Financing may not be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Any failure by us to raise additional funds on terms favorable to us, or at all, could limit our ability to expand our business operations and could harm our overall business prospects.
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis under which we are expected to be able to realize our assets and satisfy our liabilities in the normal course of business.
Summary of Cash Flow
The following table provides detailed information about our net cash flow for all financial statement periods presented in this prospectus.
|
Three Months Ended |
Combined Year Ended |
Year Ended |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2023 |
2022 |
Period from |
Period |
2023 |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Net cash used in operating activities |
$ |
(308,335 |
) |
$ |
(504,304 |
) |
$ |
(236,870 |
) |
$ |
(117,251 |
) |
$ |
(354,121 |
) |
$ |
(504,304 |
) |
||||||
|
Net cash used in investing activities |
|
(1,015 |
) |
|
(35,033 |
) |
|
(2,001,260 |
) |
|
(7,882 |
) |
|
(2,009,142 |
) |
|
(35,033 |
) |
||||||
|
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
|
(19,726 |
) |
|
667,406 |
|
|
2,631,324 |
|
|
(125,222 |
) |
|
2,506,102 |
|
|
667,406 |
|
||||||
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash |
|
(329,076 |
) |
|
(128,069 |
) |
|
393,194 |
|
|
(250,355 |
) |
|
142,839 |
|
|
128,069 |
|
||||||
|
Cash at beginning of period |
|
393,194 |
|
|
135,437 |
|
|
— |
|
|
263,506 |
|
|
263,506 |
|
|
135,437 |
|
||||||
|
Cash at end of period |
$ |
64,118 |
|
$ |
263,506 |
|
$ |
393,194 |
|
$ |
13,151 |
|
$ |
406,345 |
|
$ |
263,506 |
|
||||||
Net cash used in operating activities was $308,335 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to $504,304 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, our net loss of $437,294, a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $144,224, a decrease in inventory of $77,026, and a decrease in accounts receivable of $66,233, offset by a non-cash interest expense of $208,248, an increase in prepaid expenses of $93,550 and stock based compensation of $63,960, were the primary drivers of the net cash used in operating activities. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, our net loss of $541,611, a decrease in accounts receivable of $187,758 and a decrease in inventory of $170,243, offset by imputed interest of $274,889, were the primary drivers of the net cash used in operating activities.
Net cash used in operating activities was $354,121 for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $504,304 for the year ended June 30, 2023. For the year ended June 30, 2023, our net loss of $5,343,271, offset by stock-based compensation of $4,119,321, were the primary drivers of the net cash used in operating activities. For the year ended June 30, 2022, our net loss of $541,611, a decrease in accounts receivable of $187,758 and a decrease in inventory of $170,243, offset by imputed interest of $274,889, were the primary drivers of the net cash used in operating activities.
37
Net cash used in investing activities was $1,015 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to $35,033 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The net cash used in investing activities for both periods consisted entirely of purchases of property and equipment.
Net cash used in investing activities was $2,009,142 for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $35,033 for the year ended June 30, 2022. Net cash used in investing activities for the year ended June 30, 2023 consisted of cash used in connection with the acquisition of the assets of CleanCore LLC, TetraClean and Food Safety of $2,007,882 and purchases of property and equipment of $1,260, while the net cash used in operating activities for the year ended June 30, 2022 consisted entirely of purchases of property and equipment.
Net cash used in financing activities was $19,726 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $667,406 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended September 30, 2023 consisted of payments for deferred offering costs of $13,523 and proceeds from the issuance of loans from related parties of $6,203, while net cash provided by financing activities for the three months ended September 30, 2022 consisted of proceeds from related party loans of $751,079, offset by repayments of loans due to related parties of $80,000 and repayments of long term debt of $3,673.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $2,506,102 for the year ended June 30, 2023, as compared to $667,406 for the year ended June 30, 2022. Net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended June 30, 2023 consisted of proceeds from the issuance of class B common stock of $1,650,000, proceeds from the issuance of series seed preferred stock of $1,000,000, proceeds from related party loans of $373,817 and proceeds from the issuance of class A common stock of $100, offset by repayments of related party loans of $288,861, payments for deferred operating costs of $227,676 and repayments of long term debt of $1,278, while net cash provided by financing activities for the year ended June 30, 2023 consisted of proceeds from related party loans of $751,079, offset by repayments of related party loans of $80,000 and repayments of long term debt of $3,673.
Private Placement
Between October 14, 2022 and November 29, 2022, we issued an aggregate of 660,921 shares of class B common stock for total gross proceeds of $1,150,000 and net proceeds of approximately $1,035,000 in a private placement transaction. Boustead Securities, LLC, the representative of the underwriters for this offering, acted as placement agent in connection with this private placement. As compensation for its services, Boustead Securities, LLC received (i) a cash commission equal to 9% of the gross proceeds, (ii) a 1% non-accountable expense allowance and (iii) five-year warrants for the purchase of a number of shares of class B common stock equal to 7% of the number of shares issued in the private placement at an exercise price of $1.74 per share (subject to adjustments), which may be exercised on a cashless basis. Accordingly, we issued warrants for the purchase of 46,263 shares of class B common stock to Boustead Securities, LLC at an initial exercise price of $1.74 per share. Boustead Securities, LLC has agreed to increase the exercise price of the foregoing warrants to 125% of the public offering price per share in this offering. The private placement concluded on December 31, 2022.
Promissory Note
On October 17, 2022, we issued a promissory note in the principal amount of $3,000,000 to Burlington Capital, LLC, which was amended pursuant to an extension agreement on September 13, 2023. The note bears interest at a rate of 7% per annum; provided that such interest rate increased to 10% per annum on September 13, 2023. The note is due on the earlier of (a) the closing of a firm commitment initial public offering and concurrent listing on a national securities exchange or (b) December 17, 2023. We may prepay the note at any time at any time without penalty. The note is unsecured and contains customary events of default. As of September 30, 2023, the outstanding principal balance of this note is $3,000,000 and it has accrued interest of $204,658.
Related Party Demand Notes
On October 4, 2022, we issued a promissory note to each of Matthew Atkinson, our Chief Executive Officer, and Clayton Adams, our President at such time, in the principal amount of $104,450 each for a total of $208,900. These notes bear interest at a rate of 5% per annum beginning on the 30th day after issuance and are due on the 60th day following written demand from the holder. As of September 30, 2023, the outstanding principal balance of these notes is $208,900 and they have accrued interest of $10,330.
38
Contractual Obligations
Our principal commitments consist mostly of obligations under the loans described above and the operating leases described under “Business — Facilities”. Other than indicated above, at September 30, 2023, we did not have other long-term debt obligations, capital (finance) lease obligations, operating lease obligations, purchase obligations or other long-term liabilities reflected on our statements of financial position.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
Critical Accounting Policies
The following discussion relates to critical accounting policies for our company. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires our management to make assumptions, estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported, including the notes thereto, and related disclosures of commitments and contingencies, if any. We have identified certain accounting policies that are significant to the preparation of our financial statements. These accounting policies are important for an understanding of our financial condition and results of operation. Critical accounting policies are those that are most important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require management’s difficult, subjective, or complex judgment, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. Certain accounting estimates are particularly sensitive because of their significance to financial statements and because of the possibility that future events affecting the estimate may differ significantly from management’s current judgments. We believe the following critical accounting policies involve the most significant estimates and judgments used in the preparation of our financial statements:
Revenue Recognition. We generate revenue from sales of our products and recognize revenue as control of our products is transferred to our customers, which is generally at the time of shipment based on the contractual terms with our customers. We provide customer programs and incentive offerings, including growth incentives and volume-based incentives. These customer programs and incentives are considered variable consideration. We include in revenue variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the variable consideration is resolved. This determination is made based upon known customer program and incentive offerings at the time of sale, and expected sales volume forecasts as it relates to our volume-based incentives. This determination is updated every reporting period. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, customer growth and volume-based incentives were minimal. Certain product sales include a 2-year manufacturer’s warranty that provides the customer with assurance that the product performs as intended. Such warranties are assurance-type warranties and are accounted for as contingencies under ASC 460-10.
Inventory. Inventory consists of parts, work in progress and finished goods. We value our parts and finished goods at the lower of the actual costs or net realizable value. We value our work in progress at cost. We periodically review our inventory for obsolete and potentially impaired items. As of September 30, 2023 and June 30, 2023, we had an allowance for inventory obsolescence of $14,895 and $14,940, respectively.
Accounts Receivable. Accounts receivable is comprised of trade accounts receivables from our customers. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Our company established an allowance for bad debt of accounts receivables based on a percentage assigned to aged days outstanding categories. Our predecessor established the allowance for bad debt based on various factors including credit profiles of customers, historical payments, outstanding balances and current economic trends, and performed this analysis periodically. We recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,275 and $4,419 as of September 30, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. Long-lived assets consist primarily of property and equipment and intangible assets. Long-lived assets are tested for impairment when events and circumstances indicate the assets might be impaired by first comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows of the asset or asset group to the carrying value. If
39
the carrying value exceeds the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized based on the amount that the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group. We did not recognize impairment losses during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 or during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Intangible Assets. Intangible assets primarily consist of existing technology, customer relationships, and trademarks obtained as a result of the acquisition on October 17, 2022. Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized based on their pattern of economic benefit over their estimated useful lives and reviewed periodically for impairment. Our trademarks are deemed to have an indefinite life. The estimated useful life of the acquired technology is 15 years while the estimated useful life of customer relationships is 5 years.
Stock-based Compensation. Compensation expense is recognized for all share-based payments to employees and non-employees, including stock options and warrants, in the statements of operation based on the fair value of the awards that are granted. Our stock price at the date of grant was estimated using an acceptable valuation technique such as the probability-weighted expected return model. The fair value of stock options is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Generally, measured compensation cost, net of actual forfeitures, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the related share-based compensation award. We account for forfeitures of stock-based awards as they occur.
40
Overview
We specialize in the development and manufacturing of cleaning products that produce pure aqueous ozone for professional, industrial, or home use. We have a patented nanobubble technology using aqueous ozone that we believe is highly effective in cleaning, sanitizing, and deodorizing surfaces and high-touch areas.
Our mission is to become a leader in creating safe, clean spaces that are free from any chemical residue or skin irritants. We are currently expanding our distributor network, improving our manufacturing processes, and proving the effectiveness of our products in restaurants, airports, and hotels.
As noted by the EPA (“Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet: Ozone Disinfection,” September 1999), ozone has been used in water treatment facilities to remove pathogens from water for decades. However, ozone was not safe for traditional cleaning because the gas alone can be harmful when inhaled. In recent years, ozone has been found to become a powerful cleaning solution if infused into tap water, which then creates a solution called aqueous ozone. Once the ozone is added into the water, the resulting solution is safe to handle, yet continues to hold the effective cleaning and oxidizing components of ozone.
Our product offerings utilize a patented technology that we believe produces an enhanced aqueous ozone solution that requires no additives, filters, or advanced chemicals. We believe that we are the only company that has an aqueous ozone solution that is produced in the form of nanobubbles. In a critical review from Environmental Science Nano (“Disinfection applications of ozone micro- and nanobubbles,” November 2, 2021) authors Petroula Seridou and Nicolas Kalogerakis explain that since its discovery in the 1990’s, nanobubbles have been used to remove pollutants in many industries, including biopharma and food processing. Nanobubbles are the nanometer-sized (one billionth of a meter) gaseous cavities in a liquid solution. The common micro sized bubbles have larger diameters which causes them to rise quickly to the surface of an aqueous solution as compared to the smaller bubbles.

Since nanobubbles have no natural buoyancy, they remain underwater, where each tiny, negatively charged bubble is attracted to positively charged pollutants and harmful toxins. In the article, Seridou and Kalogerakis write about how this union causes the nanobubbles to release ozone which extinguishes pathogens and slowly breaks down the cell walls of mold, germs, and other residues. Further, a smaller size of nanobubbles is also more effective as it has a higher density of ozone and is able to provide a more thorough surface coverage, which destroys a higher number of contaminants.
Our pure aqueous ozone product is a natural cleaner, sanitizer, and deodorizer produced through the infusion of ozone into water using electricity. The use of this ozone solution has been proven effective in eliminating germs, viruses, bacteria, allergens, and molds; and it performs better than bleach according to a research report published by PLoS One (“The microbial killing capacity of aqueous and gaseous ozone on different surfaces contaminated with dairy cattle manure,” May 14, 2018). Aqueous ozone technology has been tested and previously destroyed pathogens including E. Coli, Staphylococcus, Listeria, and Salmonella as described in Catalyst journal (“Ozone and Photocatalytic Processes for Pathogens Removal from Water: A Review,” January 5, 2019). The solution cleans hard surfaces, floors, carpets, upholstery, and food contact surfaces.
41
In addition, in an independent case study at Cape Coral Hospital in Florida, the aqueous ozone solution worked to significantly deodorize smells. The same internal case study notes that the aqueous ozone does not mask smells, but instead destroys the bacterium causing the smell.
Our aqueous ozone solution is referred to as “pure” because of its ability to keep high concentration of ozone in the solution without needing to use a stabilizer or additive. Depending on the product, the pure aqueous ozone solution contains between 0.5 to 1.5 ppm of ozone for professional cleaning and up to 20 ppm of ozone for industrial cleaning. At these levels, we believe the concentration of ozone within the solution is strong enough to effectively clean and deodorize better than bleach.
Corporate History and Structure
We were incorporated in the State of Nevada on August 23, 2022 under the name CC Acquisition Corp. for the sole purpose of acquiring substantially all of the assets of CleanCore LLC, TetraClean and Food Safety. On November 21, 2022, we changed our name from CC Acquisition Corp. to CleanCore Solutions, Inc.
On October 17, 2022, we entered into an asset purchase agreement with CleanCore LLC, TetraClean, Food Safety and Burlington Capital, LLC, the majority owner of these entities, pursuant to which we acquired substantially all of the assets of CleanCore LLC, TetraClean and Food Safety for a total purchase price of $5,000,000, consisting of $2,000,000 in cash and the issuance of a promissory note in the principal amount of $3,000,000. In addition, if, and only if, the business acquired generates revenue of $5,565,000 and a net income of $1,607,103 from certain existing customers for the twelve-month period ending on October 31, 2023, then we are required to make a one-time payment of $500,000, which shall be deemed to be an adjustment to the purchase price.
The predecessor of CleanCore LLC was CleanCore Technologies, LLC, which was formed in 2014 and was wholly owned by Center Ridge Holdings, LLC. CleanCore LLC was formed in 2019 by Burlington Solutions, LLC and Walker Water, LLC d/b/a O-Z Tech. In 2019, prior to the formation of CleanCore LLC, Center Ridge Holdings, LLC transferred substantially all of the assets of CleanCore Technologies, LLC to Burlington Solutions, LLC, which then transferred such assets to CleanCore LLC. TetraClean and Food Safety were created to focus on industrial and food safety, respectively. CleanCore LLC, TetraClean, and Food Safety were all under majority control by Burlington Solutions, LLC prior to the acquisition by CC Acquisition Corp. All discussions in this prospectus regarding our business prior to the acquisition reflect the combined business of CleanCore LLC, TetraClean, and Food Safety, our predecessor companies. Prior to the acquisition, we had no operations other than operations relating to our incorporation and organization.
We do not have any subsidiaries.
Industry
Our market encompasses the global household cleaning market, the global food service market, the global commercial and residential laundry market, and the global health care market. According to Report Linker, the global service cleaning market is expected to reach $92.69 billion by 2027, rising at a 7.80% CAGR during the forecast period. The global household cleaners market size was valued at $33.8 billion in 2021 and is expected to expand at a CAGR of 4.9% from 2022 to 2028. We believe this can be credited to the increasing awareness regarding hygiene among consumers. The constant developments in the household cleaner sector are also likely to boost industry demand.
There is a growing demand for green cleaning and eco-friendly products that are effective, safe, and sanitary. According to a report published by Allied Market Research, the global industrial cleaning equipment market amassed revenue of $9.12 billion in 2021, and is expected to hit $14.14 billion by 2031, registering a CAGR of 4.3% from 2022 to 2031. A market report from Research and Markets noted that the global household green cleaning products market is expected to grow to $27.83 at a CAGR of 6.50% from 2017 to 2024.
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There is also a high demand in the food and beverage cleaning industry for effective and eco-friendly cleaning suppliers and cleaning solutions. According to an article by Arizton Advisory and Intelligence (“US Food and Beverage Industry Cleaning Services Market Size to Reach Revenues USD 2.4 Billion by 2026,” March 24, 2021), the U.S. food and beverage industry cleaning services market is expected to grow at a CAGR of approximately 7% from 2020 to 2026. We believe the rising awareness in the food and beverage cleaning industry is also encouraging vendors to rely on green cleaning services, which is expected to generate incremental income. Further, driven by the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on customer and provider expectations of cleanliness, the demand for disinfection services in the food and beverage industry is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 6% through 2022.
The cleaning, healthcare and sanitation market is also receiving interest from government agencies, such as British Columbia’s GreenCare Sustainability Strategic Framework, to develop and retain better, environmentally sustainable, and innovative cleaning solutions. Government initiatives have led some transitions into different and alternative cleaning technologies, and environmentally conscious institutions are expected to increase their demand for alternative cleaning products. While traditional disinfectants will continue to be routinely used in hospitals to sterilize and remove viruses and pathogens, we believe there is a place for aqueous ozone technology to be introduced in clinical settings. For instance, Cape Coral Hospital in Florida, along with two other hospitals, integrated aqueous ozone as room deodorizes as part of their environmental services program effort.
Based on the above, the demand for alternative environmentally conscious cleaning solutions is increasing, and we believe our aqueous ozone patented technology effectively cleans and reduces environmental impact, and as a result, that the demand for our products and services will continue to grow.
Products
We offer products and solutions that are marketed for janitorial and sanitation, ice machine cleaning, laundry, and industrial industries. Our products are used in many types of environments including retail establishments, distribution centers, factories, warehouses, restaurants, schools and universities, airports, healthcare, food service, and commercial buildings such as offices, malls, and stores.
Janitorial and Sanitation
Within the janitorial and sanitation sector, we currently manufacture the following products:
• Fill Stations: Wall-mounted units that produce on demand aqueous ozone and can fill up spray bottles or buckets for general cleaning, including our 1.0 Fill Station, which can produce one gallon per minute of aqueous ozone for users with smaller cleaning needs, and our 3.0 Fill Station, which can produce three gallons per minute and is designed for commercial and industrial cleaning requirements.
• POWERcaddy: A 12-gallon tank that generates aqueous ozone within it, so users are able to generate on-site, on-demand aqueous ozone as they clean. These units come equipped with a spray gun and vacuum hose to properly clean all locations. The POWERcaddy includes a high-pressure spray gun with a pressure per inch boost over 100 for more intense cleaning.
• POWER MINIcaddy. A six-gallon tank that generates aqueous ozone within it, so users are able to generate on-site, on-demand aqueous ozone as they clean. This product comes equipped with a spray gun and vacuum hose to properly clean all locations. The MINIcaddy is a smaller version of the POWERcaddy that is popular in smaller areas such as restaurants.
Ice System
The Ice Treatment System establishes a proactive ice machine cleaning program. Cleaning ice machines is a labor intensive and slow process that needs to happen often to stop the buildup of bacteria and mold in the ice machine, the buildup of which could contaminate the ice supply. Ice machines, like other water systems used within indoor environments, create ideal conditions for fostering the growth of bacteria and mold. Pure aqueous ozone is highly effective in cleaning the
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inside of ice machines. Our Ice System destroys bacteria by sending 0.50 ppm of aqueous ozone through the ice machine each time it makes more ice. Aqueous ozone proactively prevents the growth of Listeria, Salmonella, E. Coli, Norwalk Virus, and Shigella in the ice and keeps the ice pure while preventing respiratory and gastrointestinal illnesses.

Commercial and Residential Laundry
We believe that the laundry unit effectively oxidizes and deodorizes to extend the life of your laundry. When the laundry ozone unit is connected to a washing machine, the aqueous ozone is used to clean towels and linens. As a result, by avoiding harsh chemicals, the aqueous ozone may expand the life of the linens, reduce dry time, and eliminate skin irritation. The flow rate of the commercial product is five GPM on each line.
Industrial Cleaning Products
We also plan to make aqueous ozone available for industrial applications, primarily for the purpose of keeping industrial plants and production lines clean. We believe this industrial product is safe to be used on food-contact surfaces and has been used in meat packing plants to eliminate the need to stop the packaging line for cleaning. Additional applications for this product may include pet food packaging and manufacturing, canning operations, breweries, wineries, distilleries, and consumer health manufacturers.
We build customized cleaning systems to meet the required needs of our clients. Our system’s volume output ranges from 10-250 GPM of our patented solution. The concentration levels of our aqueous ozone solutions can be adjusted to suit our client’s distinctive needs. Multiple units can be placed in tandem for large volume projects. Concentration levels of ozone can be established at up to 20 ppm of ozone.
Sanitizing and Disinfectant Tablets
Branded “GreenKlean,” these chlorinated tablets kill 99.9% of viruses and bacteria on a surface. These tablets eliminate odors while disinfecting and can be used on a variety of hard non-porous surfaces. We believe each tablet is easy to use, fast dissolving in water, and each tablet provides a single, standardized cleaning dose. The solution created from the tablet when mixed with water may be applied with a spray device, cloth, wipe, sponge, brush, or mop. Each tablet is effective for up to three days in a closed container and should be prepared daily when used in open containers. Generally, there is no need to rinse off the product after cleaning, the surface just needs to fully air dry, with no remaining residue left nor harm to the surfaces’ finish. The tablets are made according to standards of the National Science Foundation, an independent agency of the United States government that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering, under the “D2” classification, which means these tablets may be used as an antimicrobial agent that would not need to be rinsed, or qualified as a “no rinse sanitizer.”
Manufacturing
We currently source components and raw materials both domestically and overseas from vendors. The components and raw materials are shipped to our facility in Omaha, NE and assembled. We have implemented a strict quality control program which is run by our Director of Operations along with our Lead Production Supervisor. We have inventory control systems at our facilities that track each manufacturing and packaging component as we receive it from our
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supply sources through manufacturing and shipment of each product to customers. To facilitate this tracking, most products we sell are bar coded. We believe our distribution capabilities increase our flexibility in responding to our customers’ delivery requirements.
Our manufacturing operations are designed to allow low-cost production of a wide variety of products of different quantities, physical sizes and packaging formats, while maintaining a high level of customer service and quality. Flexible production line changeover capabilities and reduced cycle times allow us to respond quickly to changes in manufacturing schedules and customer demands.
We believe that our manufacturing facilities generally have sufficient capacity to meet our current business requirements and our currently anticipated sales.
Raw Materials and Suppliers
The primary raw materials used in the manufacture of our products are chassis, generators, various sockets, degas cylinders, and a variety of other components. The cost of these raw materials is a key factor in pricing our products.
We source raw materials from multiple regional, national and foreign suppliers. Certain of our materials come from Asian-based suppliers. Raw materials from Asian-based suppliers may be subjected to import duties, depending on various foreign policies of the US government. As such, we continue to explore partnership or supplier opportunities to optimize our costs.
We have historically purchased certain key raw materials from a limited number of suppliers. We purchase raw materials on the basis of purchase orders. While we believe that there is an ample supply of most of the raw materials that we need, in the absence of firm and long-term contracts, we may not be able to obtain a sufficient supply of these raw materials from our existing suppliers or alternates in a timely fashion or at a reasonable cost. If we fail to secure a sufficient supply of key raw materials in a timely fashion, it would result in a significant delay in delivering our products. Furthermore, failure to obtain a sufficient supply of these raw materials at a reasonable cost could also harm our revenue and gross profit margins. Please see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business and Industry — We have historically depended on a limited number of third parties to supply key raw materials to us and the failure to obtain a sufficient supply of these raw materials in a timely fashion and at reasonable costs could significantly delay our delivery of products” for a description of the risks related to our supplier relationships.
Sales and Marketing
We will utilize media, websites, email lists, social media to reach industries and new potential clients. We actively participate in a variety of trade shows in health care, food service, commercial real estate, and schools and universities where we demonstrate and market our products to thousands of potential and existing customers. We will also use these marketing tactics to grow awareness for our products that we deploy in various cleaning applications. Finally, we will distribute press releases, attend industry conferences, and leverage our relationships with existing customers to grow our client base.
Customers
The most significant sales and distribution channels for our products are currently through distributors who then sell to the janitorial services industries relating to food services, health care, education, and commercial buildings. These distributors provide sales, marketing, product training, service and maintenance for their respective end customers.
For the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, two customers, Pro-Link and Sanzonate, accounted for 66% and 62% of revenue, respectively, and we had one customer that accounted for 43% of all accounts receivable at June 30, 2023, and two customers that accounted for 32% of the predecessor’s total accounts receivable. We do not have a long-term contract with Pro-Link, Sanzonate, or most of our other customers, and primarily sell products to customers under individual purchase orders placed by them under their standard terms and conditions of sale. These terms and conditions generally include insurance requirements, representations by us with respect to the quality of our products and our manufacturing process, our obligations to comply with law, and indemnifications by us if we breach our representations or obligations. There is no commitment from any of these customers to purchase from us, or from us to sell to them, any minimum amount of products.
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The loss of any major customer could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business and Industry — Our major customers account for a significant portion of our revenue and the loss of any major customer could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.”
Competition
The janitorial services industry is highly competitive and has many established, large and small global competitors. We compete against a wide range of cleaning-focused businesses. Some of our current competitors may be larger than we are, have larger customer bases, greater brand recognition and operating histories, a dominant or more secure position, broader geographic scope, volume, scale, resources, and more market share than we do, or offer products and services we do not offer. Other competitors are smaller, younger, companies that may be more agile in responding quickly to new products or changes in the market.
Our major competitors for our products are traditional cleaning companies such as Proctor and Gamble and Unilever, which are companies that develop and manufacture traditional chemical cleaning products. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of them have an aqueous ozone technology. We also compete with companies in the aqueous ozone cleaning market such as Tennant Company, Tersano Inc., and Enozo Technologies Inc and O3 Waterworks. Each of these companies also produces devices to make aqueous ozone, and Tersano Inc. and Enozo Technologies Inc. produce aqueous ozone products for both personal and professional use.
We also compete with a multitude of foreign, regional, and local competitors that vary by market. If our existing or future competitors seek to gain or retain market share by reducing prices, we may be required to lower our prices, which would adversely affect our operating results. Similarly, if customers or potential customers perceive the products or services offered by our existing or future competitors to be of higher quality than ours or part of a broader product mix, our revenues may decline, which would adversely affect our operating results.
Competitive Strengths
We believe that the following competitive strengths contribute to our success and differentiate us from our competitors:
• We have numerous patents for our technology. We currently have 15 patents for our technology. These patents cover the functions of our products that allow our machines to produce ozone in the form of nanobubbles.
• We have experience in the cleaning industry. Our acquisition and subsequent business with aqueous ozone products have led us to maintain and uphold significant and meaningful relationships throughout the service cleaning industry with various providers of cleaning services.
• We believe that our products eliminate the need for harsh chemicals and reduce costs of labor in janitorial services. Various chemical solutions for cleaning are costly, but with the aqueous ozone solution, we believe hospitals may reduce expenditures by switching to the aqueous ozone technology. Our customers in janitorial services have reported a reduced time in cleaning and sanitizing, which saves our customers on labor costs.
• There is no chemical residue left after using our solution, and we believe it causes less irritation compared to typical cleaning agents. When cleaning with the aqueous ozone solution, it may remove and deodorize surfaces without using harsh caustic chemicals, and only water remains on the surface after cleaning, not any chemical residue that may require additional rinsing. As a result, our clients may report less eye, skin, and respiratory irritation after switching to our cleaning products.
• Our product is environmentally conscious. Our goal is to reduce packaging waste when replacing traditional cleaners and their packaging with aqueous ozone dispensers. We believe our product also reduces water consumption while cleaning. A two-year study at a major Vancouver hospital found that clients use 90% less water since the aqueous ozone technology removes the need to flush the cleaning dispensing system between various chemical cleaning agents. Overall, our products may reduce the carbon footprint of a janitorial service business when used in lieu of traditional cleaning methods.
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Growth Strategies
The key elements of our strategy to grow our business include:
• Targeting key industries. Our team has built relationships throughout the service cleaning industry, and we have experience. Presently, we sell our products mainly through geographic and strategic distributors across the United States and Europe in the janitorial services sector. Our goal is to expand and provide our products to more health care, education, food service, and commercial buildings industries.
• Deploy marketing strategies that raise awareness for our cleaning products. We plan to expand our marketing efforts to increase awareness of our products. Our strategy includes attending industry conferences and working with salespeople to start the use of our product in new areas.
• Create partnerships through exclusive licensing for distributors and a direct sales model. We currently license our technology overseas and have an exclusive licensing agreement for products sold in Europe. We anticipate evolving the business model into a hybrid of both traditional distributors and a direct sales model with key salespeople penetrating the health care, education, food service, and commercial buildings industries. Our goal is also to create partnerships with some of the largest sports and entertainment arenas in the world, providing end-to-end sales and service.
Research and Development
We are continuing our research and development into specific product applications across our core janitorial and sanitation product line, specifically aligning our new direct sales and support strategy by evolving the existing product lines to capture new “real time” testing evaluations.
Previously, we had conducted an adenosine triphosphate study on the Clemson University Core buildings to determine the cleaning effect of aqueous ozone and our products.
We are also active in developing consumer-focused products that can be sold and marketed online and in large box retail stores across the country. We are exploring the development of our products for expanded usage in key market segments such as health care, food service, and commercial cleaning industries.
Intellectual Property
Currently, we hold 15 patents and have two patents pending, with one pending in the United States and another pending in Canada. We own 9 patents in the United States, 1 patent in Mexico, 4 patents in Canada, and 1 patent in Australia. These patents cover the functions of our products that allow our machines to produce the ozone in the form of nanobubbles. Each of our United States patents are utility patents, and are owned by us, either under the name “CC Acquisition Corp,” our previous name, or “CleanCore Solutions, Inc.” We do not currently license any patents. We are in the process of transferring each of the patents to our current name, “CleanCore Solutions, Inc.”
|
Patent Title |
Patent Number |
Jurisdiction |
Expiration |
|||
|
Ozone Cleaning System |
9068149 |
United States |
2030 |
|||
|
Reaction Vessel for an Ozone Cleaning System |
8075705 |
United States |
2029 |
|||
|
Aqueous Ozone Solution for Ozone Cleaning System |
8071526 |
United States |
2029 |
|||
|
Aqueous Ozone Solution for Ozone Cleaning System |
8735337 |
United States |
2029 |
|||
|
Method and Systems for Controlling Microorganisms |
9670081 |
United States |
2035 |
|||
|
Ozone Cleaning System |
2680331 |
Canada |
2028 |
|||
|
Ozone Cleaning System |
320909 |
Mexico |
2028 |
|||
|
Ozonated Liquid Dispensing Unit |
9174845 |
United States |
2029 |
|||
|
Ozonated Liquid Dispensing Unit |
9522348 |
United States |
2030 |
|||
|
Ozonated Liquid Dispensing Unit |
10479683 |
United States |
2028 |
|||
|
System for Producing and Distributing an Ozonated Fluid |
2802307 |
Canada |
2031 |
|||
|
Ozonated Liquid Dispensing Unit |
2802311 |
Canada |
2031 |
|||
|
Ozonated Liquid Dispensing Unit |
2896332 |
Canada |
2034 |
|||
|
Ozonated Liquid Dispensing Unit |
2016256691 |
Australia |
2034 |
|||
|
Apparatus for Generating Aqueous Ozone |
11033647 |
United States |
2039 |
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To protect our intellectual property, we rely on a combination of laws and regulations, as well as contractual restrictions. We rely on Federal patent laws to protect our intellectual property, including our patented technology. We also rely on the protection of laws regarding unregistered copyrights for certain content we create and trade secret laws to protect our proprietary technology. To further protect our intellectual property, we enter into confidentiality agreements with our executive officers and directors.
Facilities
Our corporate headquarters are in Omaha, NE, which includes both our corporate offices and the warehouse and assembly functions. Our facilities are approximately 12,420 square feet and include an office bay, a manufacturing and shipping bay, and a warehouse and storage bay. We lease the building, and we are currently on a contract until the end of February 2028. We anticipate continuing assembly, manufacturing, and warehousing at this location, and anticipate a hybrid corporate function at this location and at a possible new location in Minneapolis, MN.
We believe that our property is adequately maintained, is in generally good condition, and adequate for our business.
Employees
We seek to attract and retain quality employees in the areas of sales, marketing, and internal operations. Our salespeople will be selected to continue to identify and develop our client relationships. Our marketing staff will develop brand awareness of our products within the janitorial services market.
As of September 30, 2023, we had eight (8) full time employees, all of whom were in the United States. None of our employees are represented by labor unions, and we believe that we have an excellent relationship with our employees.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. We are currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that we believe will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.
Government Regulation
As a manufacturer of ozone devices, we are subject to regulation by multiple U.S. government agencies, including the EPA. We must also comply with the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, or FIFRA, which establishes procedures for registering pesticides and pesticide generating devices with the U.S. Department of Agriculture and following established labeling provisions. FIFRA mandates that the EPA regulates the use and sale of pesticides and pesticide generating devices to protect human health and preserve the environment. Under FIFRA’s definition, ozone is considered a pesticide and manufacturers of ozone generating devices are required to register with the EPA. Our EPA registration establishment number is 090379-NE-001.
We are also subject to regulation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or the FDA, for the use of ozone for water treatment as well as its use as an antimicrobial agent for the treatment, storage, and processing of foods. In 1982, the FDA granted “GRAS” approval, meaning it is “generally recognized as safe” status for ozone treatment of bottled water. The FDA and the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition announced on June 26, 2001 that ozone may be safely used in the treatment, storage, and processing of foods, including meat and poultry, when used in accordance with the specified conditions; and that ozone is approved as a secondary food additive permitted for human consumption.
Additionally, the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Food Safety and Inspection Service declared in December 2001 that ozone may be used on food labeled as “organic,” and that there are no special labeling requirements for treated raw and ready-to-eat meat and poultry products if treated with ozone just prior to packaging.
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The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, or OSHA, and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, or ACGIH, have also issued guidelines and regulations for ozone gas exposure. OSHA regulates ozone gas exposure based on time-weighted averages, and states that ozone levels in ambient air should not exceed 0.10 ppm for an eight-hour exposure period. Similarly, ACGIH guidelines state provide for similar time weighted averages, distinguishing based on the level of exertion starting from 0.10 ppm of ozone exposure for eight hours of light work to 0.05 ppm of ozone exposure for eight hours of during heavy work.
The Hazard Communication Standard provides workers who are exposed to hazardous chemicals or alike with “the right to know’’ the identities and protective measures to be taken to protect themselves from adverse effect of air contaminants. Government recommendations include guidelines that if an employee is exposed to ambient ozone levels higher than permitted, to wear a respirator or other personal protective equipment until such a time when air contaminate levels are in within compliance according to the OSHA standards.
In Canada, Health Canada has issued our company a letter of no-objection to the use of our solution as a sanitizer in Canada for use as a general use sanitizer, hand disinfectant, personal hygiene cleaner, as a drain cleaner, for food packaging materials, and in use with food contacting hard surfaces. Our Health Canada reference numbers are: IS13041201/02, IS13041209 to IS13041216, and IP13101701.
The application, interpretation, and enforcement of these U.S. and foreign laws and regulations are often uncertain, particularly in the rapidly evolving industry in which we operate and may be interpreted and applied inconsistently from country to country and inconsistently with our current policies and practices. Any existing or new legislation applicable to our operations could expose us to substantial liability, including significant expenses necessary to comply with such laws and regulations, to respond to regulatory inquiries or investigations, and to defend individual or class litigation. These events could dampen growth in the use of the internet in general, and cause us to divert significant resources and funds to addressing these issues, and possibly require us to change our business practices.
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Directors and Executive Officers
Set forth below is information regarding our directors and executive officers as of the date of this prospectus.
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Name |
Age |
Position |
||
|
Matthew Atkinson |
41 |
Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President |
||
|
David Enholm |
58 |
Chief Financial Officer and Director |
||
|
Gary Hollst |
37 |
Chief Revenue Officer |
||
|
James M. Grisham |
54 |
Director(1) |
||
|
Daniel D. Nelson |
60 |
Director(1) |
||
|
Benjamin VandenWymelenberg |
33 |
Director(1) |
____________
(1) Appointed to our board of directors effective automatically upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
Matthew Atkinson. Mr. Atkinson has served as our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer since September 2022. Mr. Atkinson co-founded our company to bring his expertise in capital markets, sales, marketing, operations, and early-stage company financing. From March 2021 to February 1, 2023, Mr. Atkinson served as an advisor at LegalQ, Inc., where he provided advising services for various areas of a business including operations, business development, investor relations, and finance. Mr. Atkinson also served as a member of the board of directors of Signing Day Sports, Inc. from August 2021 to July 2022. From January 2016 to December 2021, Mr. Atkinson was a managing partner at M2 Equity Partners LLC, a corporate advisory company for early-stage investing. At M2 Equity Partners, he advised companies on corporate, financial, and regulatory issues, helping the companies successfully raise money from equity and debt financing. From 2010 to 2017, Mr. Atkinson was the President and Chief Executive Officer of Elev8 Marketing LLC, where he managed a team of account managers, business analysts, and forecasting analysts to build a comprehensive business strategy for corporate retailers. He received his Bachelor of Science in Sports Management from the University of Minnesota. We believe that Mr. Atkinson is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his experience in company advising, early-stage investing, and his company management skills.
David Enholm. Mr. Enholm has served as our Chief Financial Officer since March 2023 and was appointed to our board of directors on July 18, 2023. Mr. Enholm is a senior executive with over 35 years of experience in finance, including budgeting, forecasting, treasury and cash flow operations, acquisitions and dispositions, and company restructuring. Mr. Enholm worked with Monroe Capital, a private equity firm located in Chicago, Illinois, to assist their portfolio companies with their financial reporting and accounting needs from October 2018 through September 2022. As a result, from March 2020 to September 2022, Mr. Enholm served as the Interim Chief Financial Officer, and subsequently Chief Financial Officer, at Nelbud Services, a service company specializing in fire protection located in Indianapolis, Indiana. From October 2019 to March 2020, Mr. Enholm was primarily engaged as a consultant for Nelbud Services. During his tenure as Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Enholm led two acquisitions and worked with a senior executive team to develop new revenue sources for the company. From October 2018 to August 2021, Mr. Enholm was the Chief Financial Officer at Complete Nutrition, a private company in Omaha, Nebraska, that specialized in the sale of health supplements. As Chief Financial Officer at Complete Nutrition, Mr. Enholm developed a restructuring plan to transition the company from a traditional physical store to an e-commerce retailer. Both Nelbud Services and Complete Nutrition were wholly owned by Monroe Capital. Prior to 2018, Mr. Enholm has also served as Chief Financial Officer at FRGC LLC, Corporate Controller at Cosentry LLC, and Vice President Corporate Controller at Pamida Operating Stores LLC. Mr. Enholm graduated from the University of Nebraska-Omaha with a Bachelor of Science in Business Administration, with a major in Accounting. We believe that Mr. Enholm is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his extensive finance experience.
Gary Hollst. Mr. Hollst has served as our Chief Revenue Officer since November 1, 2022 and previously served as President of CleanCore LLC from April 19, 2019 to October 17, 2023. Mr. Hollst has an extensive background in the janitorial, sanitation and refrigeration industry. From 2015 to April 19, 2021, Mr. Hollst served as the President of Walker Water, LLC d/b/a O-Z Tech, an ice machine and laundry cleaning company based out of Omaha, Nebraska, that also specializes in the usage of aqueous ozone water. Mr. Hollst also serves on the Yutan Board of Education in Yutan, NE. Mr. Hollst earned his high school degree in 2003 from Yutan High School.
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James M. Grisham. Mr. Grisham will be a member of our board of directors immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. Mr. Grisham has worked in the telecommunications industry for over 25 years and has almost a decade of experience as an executive officer. Since December 2013, Mr. Grisham has served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Shawnee Communications Inc., an Illinois telecommunications company. Prior to his tenure as the President and Chief Executive Officer as Shawnee Communications, Mr. Grisham spent 15 years, from August 1998 to December 2013, as its Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Grisham holds a Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale. Our board of directors believes Mr. Grisham is qualified to serve on the board due to his financial background and his extensive experience as an executive.
Daniel Nelson. Mr. Nelson will be a member of our board of directors effective automatically upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. Mr. Nelson is the Chief Executive Officer of Signing Day Sports, a company focused on digital solutions to help athletes get discovered and recruited by coaches and other recruiters, a position he has held since November 2022. Mr. Nelson was also the President of Signing Day Sports from August 2022 to November 2022, has been a director of Signing Day Sports since July 2022, and the Chairman since March 2023. Mr. Nelson began working in the financial services industry in 1986. In 1997, Mr. Nelson formed, and has since served as Chief Executive Officer of, Nelson Financial Services Inc., which focuses on the employee benefits market. Mr. Nelson formed Nelson Financial Services to provide financial guidance for all individuals. For more than 30 years, Mr. Nelson has acquired extensive knowledge and experience in the financial services arena. We believe that Mr. Nelson is qualified to serve on our board of directors due to his experience in finance and executive leadership, particularly with respect to his involvement and experience as the founder of Nelson Financial Services and in his role as an executive at Signing Day Sports.
Benjamin VandenWymelenberg. Mr. VandenWymelenberg will be a member of our board of directors effective automatically upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. Mr. VandenWymelenberg is an executive with over a decade of experience that excels in creating, founding, and expanding small businesses. In May 2012, Mr. VandenWymelenberg founded Woodchuck USA, a company specializing in the design and manufacture of custom wood products, and since May 2012, he has been its Chief Executive Officer. In August of 2021, he also became a co-founder of Nature Link Resorts, a luxury resort and wedding venue in Minnesota. Since June 2015, Mr. VandenWymelenberg has served as a board member at the University of Minnesota Masonic Childrens Hospital Philanthropic Board. Since August 2011, Mr. VandenWymelenberg founded and has been engaged as the Chief Executive Officer of Workbench Studios, a real estate portfolio of companies. From September 2016 to December 2020, Mr. VandenWymelenberg was the co-founder of North Co. Coworking, a coworking space for startup businesses in Northeast Minneapolis. Mr. VandenWymelenberg holds a Bachelor of Science in Architecture, and a Bachelor of Landscape Design in Architecture from the University of Minnesota. Our board of directors believes Mr. VandenWymelenberg is qualified to serve on the board due his extensive experience as an executive, as well as his experience as a founder and leader of several successful businesses.
Our directors currently have terms which will end at our next annual meeting of the stockholders or until their successors are elected and qualify, subject to their prior death, resignation or removal. Officers serve at the discretion of the board of directors. There is no arrangement or understanding between any director or executive officer and any other person pursuant to which he was or is to be selected as a director, nominee or officer.
Family Relationships
There are no family relationships among any of our officers or directors.
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
To the best of our knowledge, except as described below, none of our directors or executive officers has, during the past ten years:
• been convicted in a criminal proceeding or been subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offences);
• had any bankruptcy petition filed by or against the business or property of the person, or of any partnership, corporation or business association of which he was a general partner or executive officer, either at the time of the bankruptcy filing or within two years prior to that time;
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• been subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction or federal or state authority, permanently or temporarily enjoining, barring, suspending or otherwise limiting, his involvement in any type of business, securities, futures, commodities, investment, banking, savings and loan, or insurance activities, or to be associated with persons engaged in any such activity;
• been found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action or by the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission to have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated;
• been the subject of, or a party to, any federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment, decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated (not including any settlement of a civil proceeding among private litigants), relating to an alleged violation of any federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation, any law or regulation respecting financial institutions or insurance companies including, but not limited to, a temporary or permanent injunction, order of disgorgement or restitution, civil money penalty or temporary or permanent cease-and-desist order, or removal or prohibition order, or any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or
• been the subject of, or a party to, any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any self-regulatory organization (as defined in Section 3(a)(26) of the Exchange Act (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(26))), any registered entity (as defined in Section 1(a)(29) of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 1(a)(29))), or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.
Corporate Governance
Governance Structure
Currently, our Chief Executive Officer is also our Chairman of the Board. Our board believes that, at this time, having a combined Chief Executive Officer and Chairman is the appropriate leadership structure for our company. In making this determination, the board considered, among other matters, Mr. Atkinson’s experience and tenure of having founded our company and believed that Mr. Atkinson is highly qualified to act as both Chairman and Chief Executive Officer due to his experience, knowledge, and personality. Among the benefits of a combined Chairman/Chief Executive Officer considered by the board is that such structure promotes clearer leadership and direction for our company and allows for a single, focused chain of command to execute our strategic initiatives and business plans.
The Board’s Role in Risk Oversight
The board of directors oversees that the assets of our company are properly safeguarded, that the appropriate financial and other controls are maintained, and that our business is conducted wisely and in compliance with applicable laws and regulations and proper governance. Included in these responsibilities is the board’s oversight of the various risks facing our company. In this regard, our board seeks to understand and oversee critical business risks. Our board does not view risk in isolation. Risks are considered in virtually every business decision and as part of our business strategy. Our board recognizes that it is neither possible nor prudent to eliminate all risk. Indeed, purposeful and appropriate risk-taking is essential for our company to be competitive on a global basis and to achieve its objectives.
While the board oversees risk management, company management is charged with managing risk. Management communicates routinely with the board and individual directors on the significant risks identified and how they are being managed. Directors are free to, and indeed often do, communicate directly with senior management.
Our board administers its risk oversight function as a whole by making risk oversight a matter of collective consideration; however, much of the work will be delegated to committees, which will meet regularly and report back to the full board. We have established a standing audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee of our board of directors. The audit committee will oversee risks related to our financial statements, the financial reporting process, accounting and legal matters, the compensation committee will evaluate the risks and rewards associated with our compensation philosophy and programs, and the nominating and corporate governance committee will evaluate risk associated with management decisions and strategic direction.
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Independent Directors
NYSE American’s rules generally require that a majority of an issuer’s board of directors must consist of independent directors. Our board of directors currently consists of two directors, Messrs. Atkinson and Enholm, who are not independent within the meaning of the NYSE American’s rules. We have entered into independent director agreements with James M. Grisham, Daniel Nelson and Ben VandenWymelenberg, pursuant to which they have been appointed to serve as independent directors effective automatically upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. As a result of these appointments, we anticipate that our board of directors upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part will consist of five (5) directors, three (3) of whom will be independent within the meaning of NYSE American’s rules.
Committees of the Board of Directors
We have established a standing audit committee, compensation committee and nominating and corporate governance committee of our board of directors, each with its own charter approved by the board. Upon completion of this offering, we intend to make each committee’s charter available on our website at www.cleancoresol.com.
In addition, our board of directors may, from time to time, designate one or more additional committees, which shall have the duties and powers granted to it by our board of directors.
Audit Committee
James M. Grisham, Daniel Nelson and Ben VandenWymelenberg, each of whom satisfies the “independence” requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Exchange Act and NYSE American’s rules, have been appointed to serve on our audit committee, effective automatically upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, with Mr. Nelson serving as the chair. Mr. Nelson qualifies as “audit committee financial expert.” The audit committee will oversee our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company.
The audit committee will be responsible for, among other things: (i) retaining and overseeing our independent accountants; (ii) assisting the board in its oversight of the integrity of our financial statements, the qualifications, independence and performance of our independent auditors and our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements; (iii) reviewing and approving the plan and scope of the internal and external audit; (iv) pre-approving any audit and non-audit services provided by our independent auditors; (v) approving the fees to be paid to our independent auditors; (vi) reviewing with our chief executive officer and chief financial officer and independent auditors the adequacy and effectiveness of our internal controls; (vii) reviewing hedging transactions; and (viii) reviewing and approving related party transactions; and (ix) reviewing and assessing annually the audit committee’s performance and the adequacy of its charter.
Compensation Committee
James M. Grisham, Daniel Nelson and Ben VandenWymelenberg, each of whom satisfies the “independence” requirements of NYSE American’s rules, have been appointed to serve on our compensation committee, effective automatically upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, with Mr. Grisham serving as the chair. The members of the compensation committee will also be “non-employee directors” within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. The compensation committee will assist the board in reviewing and approving the compensation structure, including all forms of compensation relating to our directors and executive officers.
The compensation committee will be responsible for, among other things: (i) reviewing and approving the remuneration of our executive officers; (ii) determining the compensation of our independent directors; (iii) making recommendations to the board regarding equity-based and incentive compensation plans, policies and programs; and (iv) reviewing and assessing annually the compensation committee’s performance and the adequacy of its charter.
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Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
James M. Grisham, Daniel Nelson and Ben VandenWymelenberg, each of whom satisfies the “independence” requirements of NYSE American’s rules, have been appointed to serve on our nominating and corporate governance committee, effective automatically upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, with Mr. VandenWymelenberg serving as the chair. The nominating and corporate governance committee will assist the board of directors in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board and its committees.
The nominating and corporate governance committee will be responsible for, among other things: (i) recommending the number of directors to comprise our board; (ii) identifying and evaluating individuals qualified to become members of the board and soliciting recommendations for director nominees from our Chief Executive Officer and Board Chair; (iii) recommending to the board the director nominees for each annual stockholders’ meeting; (iv) recommending to the board the candidates for filling vacancies that may occur between annual stockholders’ meetings; (v) reviewing independent director compensation and board processes, self-evaluations and policies; (vi) overseeing compliance with our code of ethics; and (vii) monitoring developments in the law and practice of corporate governance.
The nominating and corporate governance committee’s methods for identifying candidates for election to our board of directors (other than those proposed by our stockholders, as discussed below) will include the solicitation of ideas for possible candidates from a number of sources — members of our board of directors, our executives, individuals personally known to the members of our board of directors, and other research. The nominating and corporate governance committee may also, from time-to-time, retain one or more third-party search firms to identify suitable candidates.
In making director recommendations, the nominating and corporate governance committee may consider some or all of the following factors: (i) the candidate’s judgment, skill, experience with other organizations of comparable purpose, complexity and size, and subject to similar legal restrictions and oversight; (ii) the interplay of the candidate’s experience with the experience of other board members; (iii) the extent to which the candidate would be a desirable addition to the board and any committee thereof; (iv) whether or not the person has any relationships that might impair his or her independence; and (v) the candidate’s ability to contribute to the effective management of our company, taking into account the needs of our company and such factors as the individual’s experience, perspective, skills and knowledge of the industry in which we operate.
A stockholder may nominate one or more persons for election as a director at an annual meeting of stockholders if the stockholder complies with the notice and information provisions contained in our bylaws. Such notice must be in writing to our company not less than 120 days and not more than 150 days prior to the anniversary date of the preceding year’s annual meeting of stockholders or as otherwise required by the requirements of the Exchange Act. In addition, stockholders furnishing such notice must be a holder of record on both (i) the date of delivering such notice and (ii) the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting.
Code of Ethics
We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. Such code of ethics addresses, among other things, honesty and ethical conduct, conflicts of interest, compliance with laws, regulations and policies, including disclosure requirements under the federal securities laws, and reporting of violations of the code.
We are required to disclose any amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our code of ethics applicable to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer, controller, or persons performing similar functions. We intend to use our website as a method of disseminating this disclosure, as permitted by applicable SEC rules. Any such disclosure will be posted to our website within four (4) business days following the date of any such amendment to, or waiver from, a provision of our code of ethics.
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Summary Compensation Table — Years Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
The following table sets forth information concerning all cash and non-cash compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to the named persons for services rendered in all capacities during the noted periods. No other executive officers received total annual salary and bonus compensation in excess of $100,000.
|
Name and Principal Position |
Year |
Salary |
Option |
All Other |
Total |
|||||
|
Matthew Atkinson, Chief Executive Officer |
2023 |
— |
1,540,000 |
48,000 |
1,588,000 |
|||||
|
2022 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
||||||
|
Clayton Adams, Former President(3) |
2023 |
— |
1,540,000 |
48,000 |
1,588,000 |
|||||
|
2022 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
____________
(1) The amount is equal to the aggregate grant-date fair value with respect to the awards, computed in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718.
(2) Other compensation includes the compensation received for consulting services, as described below.
(3) Mr. Adams served as our President from August 24, 2022 to July 13, 2023.
Employment and Consulting Agreements
On July 18, 2023, we entered into an employment agreement with Matthew Atkinson, our Chief Executive Officer, setting forth the terms of Mr. Atkinson’s employment. Pursuant to the terms of the employment agreement, we agreed to pay Mr. Atkinson an annual base salary of $200,000 and he is eligible for an annual incentive bonus of up to $200,000, as determined by our board of directors. The term of the employment agreement is indefinite and may be terminated by us at any time or by Mr. Atkinson upon 14 days’ written notice. If Mr. Atkinson’s employment is terminated by us without just cause (as defined in the employment agreement), then, subject to Mr. Atkinson’s execution of a release in favor of our company and his compliance with all obligations set forth in the employment agreement, he will be entitled to severance equal to his base salary for a period equal to six (6) months following the date of termination. The employment agreement contains customary confidentiality and invention assignment provisions and restrictive covenants prohibiting Mr. Atkinson from (i) providing services in any capacity (as an employee, consultant, independent contractor, partner, principal, agent or advisor), or having any financial interest in, any business that competes with our company for a period of one (1) year following termination of his employment or (ii) soliciting any person employed or engaged by our company and its affiliates, or any customers, clients or other business relationships of our company and its affiliates, for a period of twelve (12) months following the termination of his employment. Prior to entering into the employment agreement, Mr. Atkinson provided full-time consulting and management services through Elev8 Marketing, LLC, or Elev8.
On October 17, 2022, we entered into a consulting agreement with Elev8, a business consulting company owned by Matthew Atkinson, pursuant to which we engaged Elev8 to provide management services to our company. Pursuant to the consulting agreement, we agreed to pay Elev8 a monthly fee of $6,000 commencing on October 17, 2022. We also agreed to reimburse Elev8 for all pre-approved business expenses.
On October 17, 2022, we also entered into a consulting agreement with Birddog Capital, LLC, or Birddog, a limited liability company owned by Clayton Adams, pursuant to which we engaged Birddog to provide management services to our company. Pursuant to the consulting agreement, we agreed to pay Birddog a monthly fee of $6,000 commencing on October 17, 2022. We also agreed to reimburse Birddog for all pre-approved business expenses. The term of the consulting agreement is for one (1) year. Either party may terminate the agreement upon five (5) days’ notice and Birddog may terminate the consulting agreement upon fifteen (15) days’ notice in the event of non-payment. The consulting agreement contains customary confidentiality and indemnification provisions.
On March 27, 2023, we entered into an employment agreement with David Enholm, our Chief Financial Officer, setting forth the terms of Mr. Enholm’s employment. Pursuant to the terms of the employment agreement, as amended, we agreed to pay Mr. Enholm an annual base salary of $185,000 and he is eligible for an annual incentive bonus of up to $55,000, as determined by our board of directors and subject to certain criteria set forth in the employment
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agreement. Mr. Enholm will also receive 325,000 shares of class B common stock options, with vesting as follows: 10% of the total options granted becoming vested on June 25, 2023, (ii) another 10% of the total options granted vesting on September 23, 2023, and (iii) the remaining amount of the total unvested options vesting in equal amounts monthly over 36 months. The term of the employment agreement is indefinite and may be terminated by us at any time upon fourteen (14) days’ notice or by Mr. Enholm upon thirty (30) days’ written notice. We may also terminate the employment agreement immediately for just cause (as defined in the employment agreement). If we terminate the employment agreement without cause, then Mr. Enholm is entitled to severance in an amount equal to the base salary for three (3) months, payable in a lump sum on the termination date, and all previously earned, accrued, and unpaid benefits. The employment agreement contains customary confidentiality and invention assignment provisions and restrictive covenants prohibiting Mr. Enholm from (i) directly or indirectly, as employee, owner, sole proprietor, partner, director, member, consultant, agent, founder, co-venturer or otherwise, solely or jointly with others, engaging in, or giving advice or lending money to, any business that completes with our company or (ii) soliciting our employees, in each case for a period of twelve (12) months following termination of his employment.
On November 1, 2022, we entered into an employment agreement with Gary Hollst, our Chief Revenue Officer, setting forth the terms of Mr. Hollst’s employment. Pursuant to the terms of the employment agreement, as amended, we agreed to pay Mr. Hollst an annual base salary of $120,000 and he is eligible to be considered for an annual incentive bonus, as determined by our board of directors and subject to certain criteria set forth in the employment agreement. The term of the employment agreement is indefinite and may be terminated by us at any time upon fourteen (14) days’ notice or by Mr. Hollst upon fourteen (14) days’ written notice. We may also terminate the employment agreement immediately for just cause (as defined in the employment agreement). The employment agreement contains customary confidentiality and invention assignment provisions and restrictive covenants prohibiting Mr. Hollst from (i) working as an employee, consultant, contractor or in any other capacity, for a business that competes with our company for a period of two (2) years, and from (ii) soliciting our employees, for period of twelve (12) months, in each case following termination of his employment.
Retirement Benefits
We have not maintained, and do not currently maintain, a defined benefit pension plan, nonqualified deferred compensation plan, defined contribution plan, or other retirement plan.
Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control
As described under “— Employment and Consulting Agreements” above, Messrs. Atkinson and Enholm will be entitled to severance if their employment is terminated without cause.
Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year-End
The following table includes certain information with respect to the value of all unexercised options and unvested shares of restricted stock previously awarded to the executive officers named above at the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.
|
Name |
Option Awards |
||||||||||
|
Number of |
Number of |
Equity |
Option |
Option |
|||||||
|
Matthew Atkinson |
1,000,000 |
— |
— |
$ |
0.25 |
09/16/2032 |
|||||
|
Clayton Adams |
1,000,000 |
— |
— |
$ |
0.25 |
09/16/2032 |
|||||
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Director Compensation
No member of our board of directors received compensation for services as a director the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023.
Upon their appointment to the board, our independent directors will each be granted a total of 150,000 stock options with an exercise price equal to the public offering price of the Company’s class B common stock in this offering. The options will be subject to vesting, with 10% of the option vesting immediately upon its grant and the remaining 90% of the option vesting in equal installments each month over the next twenty-four (24) months. The stock options will be granted under the Plan.
2022 Equity Incentive Plan
On September 16, 2022, our board of directors adopted our 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, or the Plan, which was adopted by stockholders on November 18, 2022. The following is a summary of certain significant features of the Plan. The information which follows is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the Plan document itself, which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
Purposes of Plan: The purposes of the Plan are to advance our interests and the interests of our stockholders by providing an incentive to attract, retain and reward persons performing services for us and by motivating such persons to contribute to our growth and profitability.
Types of Awards: Awards that may be granted include: (a) incentive stock options, (b) non-qualified stock options, (c) stock appreciation rights, (d) restricted awards, (e) performance share awards, and (f) performance compensation awards. These awards offer our officers, employees, consultants and directors the possibility of future value, depending on the long-term price appreciation of our common stock and the award holder’s continuing service with our company.
Administration of the Plan: The Plan is currently administered by our board of directors and will be administered by our compensation committee upon its establishment. Among other things, the administrator has the authority to select persons who will receive awards, determine the types of awards and the number of shares to be covered by awards, and to establish the terms, conditions, performance criteria, restrictions and other provisions of awards. The administrator has authority to establish, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Plan.
Eligible Recipients: Persons eligible to receive awards under the Plan will be those employees, consultants, and directors of our company and its subsidiaries who are selected by the administrator.
Shares Available Under the Plan: The maximum number of shares of our class B common stock that may be delivered to participants under the Plan is 1,736,819, subject to adjustment for certain corporate changes affecting the shares, such as stock splits. Shares subject to an award under the Plan for which the award is canceled, forfeited or expires again become available for grants under the Plan. Shares subject to an award that is settled in cash will not again be made available for grants under the Plan.
Stock Options:
General. Stock options give the option holder the right to acquire from us a designated number of shares at a purchase price that is fixed at the time of the grant of the option. Stock options granted may be tax-qualified stock options (so-called “incentive stock options”) or non-qualified stock options. Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the administrator has the authority to determine all grants of stock options. That determination will include: (i) the number of shares subject to any option; (ii) the exercise price per share; (iii) the expiration date of the option; (iv) the manner, time and date of permitted exercise; (v) other restrictions, if any, on the option or the shares underlying the option; and (vi) any other terms and conditions as the administrator may determine.
Option Price. The exercise price for stock options will be determined at the time of grant. Normally, the exercise price will not be less than the fair market value on the date of the grant. As a matter of tax law, the exercise price for any incentive stock option awarded may not be less than the fair market value of the shares on the date of grant. However, incentive stock option grants to any person owning more than 10% of our voting stock must have an exercise price of not less than 110% of the fair market value on the grant date.
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Exercise of Options. An option may be exercised only in accordance with the terms and conditions for the option agreement as established by the administrator at the time of the grant. The option must be exercised by notice to us, accompanied by payment of the exercise price. Payments may be made in cash or, at the option of the administrator, by actual or constructive delivery of shares of common stock to the holder of the option based upon the fair market value of the shares on the date of exercise.
Expiration or Termination. Options, if not previously exercised, will expire on the expiration date established by the administrator at the time of grant. In the case of incentive stock options, such term cannot exceed ten years provided that in the case of holders of more than 10% of our voting stock, such term cannot exceed five years. Options will terminate before their expiration date if the holder’s service with our company or a subsidiary terminates before the expiration date. The option may remain exercisable for specified periods after certain terminations of employment, including terminations as a result of death, disability or retirement, with the precise period during which the option may be exercised to be established by the administrator and reflected in the grant evidencing the award.
Incentive and Non-Qualified Options. An incentive stock option is an option that is intended to qualify under certain provisions of the Code for more favorable tax treatment than applies to non-qualified stock options. Any option that does not qualify as an incentive stock option will be a non-qualified stock option. Under the Code, certain restrictions apply to incentive stock options. For example, the exercise price for incentive stock options may not be less than the fair market value of the shares on the grant date and the term of the option may not exceed ten years. In addition, an incentive stock option may not be transferred, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, and is exercisable during the holder’s lifetime only by the holder. In addition, no incentive stock options may be granted to a holder that is first exercisable in a single year if that option, together with all incentive stock options previously granted to the holder that also first become exercisable in that year, relate to shares having an aggregate fair market value in excess of $100,000, measured at the grant date.
Stock Appreciation Rights: Stock appreciation rights, or SARs, which may be granted alone or in tandem with options, have an economic value similar to that of options. When an SAR for a particular number of shares is exercised, the holder receives a payment equal to the difference between the market price of the shares on the date of exercise and the exercise price of the shares under the SAR. Again, the exercise price for SARs normally is the market price of the shares on the date the SAR is granted. Under the Plan, holders of SARs may receive this payment — the appreciation value — either in cash or shares valued at the fair market value on the date of exercise. The form of payment will be determined by us.
Restricted Awards: Restricted awards are shares awarded to participants at no cost. Restricted awards can take the form of awards of restricted stock, which represent issued and outstanding shares subject to vesting criteria, or restricted stock units, which represent the right to receive shares subject to satisfaction of the vesting criteria. Restricted stock awards are forfeitable and non-transferable until the shares vest. The vesting date or dates and other conditions for vesting are established when the shares are awarded. These awards will be subject to such conditions, restrictions and contingencies as the administrator shall determine at the date of grant. Those may include requirements for continuous service and/or the achievement of specified performance goals.
Performance Awards: A performance award is an award that may be in the form of cash or shares or a combination, based on the attainment of pre-established performance goals and other conditions, restrictions and contingencies identified by the administrator.
Performance Criteria: Under the Plan, one or more performance criteria will be used by the administrator in establishing performance goals. Any one or more of the performance criteria may be used on an absolute or relative basis to measure the performance of our company, as the administrator may deem appropriate, or as compared to the performance of a group of comparable companies, or published or special index that the administrator deems appropriate. In determining the actual size of an individual performance compensation award, the administrator may reduce or eliminate the amount of the award through the use of negative discretion if, in its sole judgment, such reduction or elimination is appropriate. The administrator shall not have the discretion to (i) grant or provide payment in respect of performance compensation awards if the performance goals have not been attained or (ii) increase a performance compensation award above the maximum amount payable under the Plan.
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Other Material Provisions: Awards will be evidenced by a written agreement, in such form as may be approved by the administrator. In the event of various changes to the capitalization of our company, such as stock splits, stock dividends and similar re-capitalizations, an appropriate adjustment will be made by the administrator to the number of shares covered by outstanding awards or to the exercise price of such awards. The administrator is also permitted to include in the written agreement provisions that provide for certain changes in the award in the event of a change of control of our company, including acceleration of vesting. Except as otherwise determined by the administrator at the date of grant, awards will not be transferable, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution. Prior to any award distribution, we are permitted to deduct or withhold amounts sufficient to satisfy any employee withholding tax requirements. Our board also has the authority, at any time, to discontinue the granting of awards. The board also has the authority to alter or amend the Plan or any outstanding award or may terminate the Plan as to further grants, provided that no amendment will, without the approval of our stockholders, to the extent that such approval is required by law or the rules of an applicable exchange, increase the number of shares available under the Plan, change the persons eligible for awards under the Plan, extend the time within which awards may be made, or amend the provisions of the Plan related to amendments. No amendment that would adversely affect any outstanding award made under the Plan can be made without the consent of the holder of such award.
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CURRENT RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Transactions with Related Persons
The following includes a summary of transactions since the beginning of our 2022 fiscal year, or any currently proposed transaction, in which we were or are to be a participant and the amount involved exceeded or exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of our total assets at year-end for the last two completed fiscal years, and in which any related person had or will have a direct or indirect material interest (other than compensation described under “Executive Compensation” above). We believe the terms obtained or consideration that we paid or received, as applicable, in connection with the transactions described below were comparable to terms available or the amounts that would be paid or received, as applicable, in arm’s-length transactions.
On October 4, 2022, we issued a promissory note to each of Matthew Atkinson, our Chief Executive Officer, and Clayton Adams, our President at such time, in the principal amount of $104,450 each for a total of $208,900. These notes bear interest at a rate of 5% per annum beginning on the 30th day after issuance and are due on the 60th day following written demand from the holder. As of September 30, 2023, the outstanding principal balance of these notes is $208,900 and they have accrued interest of $10,330.
On July 27, 2023, we agreed to purchase approximately $105,607 worth of inventory from Nebraska C. Ozone, LLC, a related party business owned by Lisa Roskens, a significant stockholder and the principal officer of Burlington Capital, LLC, due to an open purchase order that our predecessor had with an inventory vendor that was not included in the liabilities assumed from our predecessor per the terms of the acquisition purchase agreement. The inventory is to be purchased as needed, consistent with other inventory purchases. However, if the entire $105,000 amount is not purchased by March 31, 2024, the balance at that date begins accruing interest at a rate of seven percent (7%) per annum until it is paid in full.
On September 13, 2023, we signed an extension agreement with Burlington Capital, LLC, a significant stockholder, for the promissory note described elsewhere in this prospectus. The extension agreement requires that such promissory note will accrue interest at a rate of 10% from September 13, 2023 and is now due and payable on the earlier of (a) the closing of a firm commitment initial public offering and concurrent listing on a national securities exchange or (b) December 17, 2023.
Promoters and Certain Control Persons
Matthew Atkinson, our founder and Chief Executive Officer, and Clayton Adams, our founder, may each be deemed as a “promoter” as defined by Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
In addition, in connection with the formation of our company, Messrs. Atkinson and Adams each received 500,000 shares of class A common stock, at a purchase price of $0.0001 per share, 1,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock, at a purchase price of $0.25 per share, and stock options for purchase 1,000,000 shares of class A common stock with an exercise price of $0.25.
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The following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of November 29, 2023 for (i) each of our executive officers and directors; (ii) all of our executive officers and directors as a group; and (iii) each other stockholder known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our outstanding common stock. The following table assumes that the underwriters have not exercised the over-allotment option.
Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with SEC rules and generally includes voting or investment power with respect to securities. For purposes of this table, a person or group of persons is deemed to have “beneficial ownership” of any shares of common stock that such person or any member of such group has the right to acquire within sixty (60) days of November 29, 2023. For purposes of computing the percentage of outstanding shares of our common stock held by each person or group of persons named above, any shares that such person or persons has the right to acquire within sixty (60) days of November 29, 2023 are deemed to be outstanding for such person, but not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. The inclusion herein of any shares listed as beneficially owned does not constitute an admission of beneficial ownership by any person. The share ownership numbers after the offering for the beneficial owners indicated below exclude any potential purchases that may be made by such persons in this offering.
Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner listed in the table below is c/o our company, 5920 South 118th Circle, Suite 2, Omaha, NE 68137.
|
Name of Beneficial Owner |
Common Stock Beneficially Owned |
Common Stock Beneficially Owned |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Class A |
Percent of |
Series |
Percent of Series |
Class B |
Percent of |
Percent of |
Class A |
Percent of |
Class B |
Percent of |
Percent of |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Matthew Atkinson, Chairman and CEO(4) |
1,350,000 |
100.00 |
% |
1,000,000 |
33.33 |
% |
— |
— |
|
50.42 |
% |
2,350,000 |
54.02 |
% |
— |
— |
|
48.85 |
% |
||||||||||||
|
David Enholm, CFO(5) |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
93,889 |
2.93 |
% |
* |
|
— |
— |
|
93,889 |
2.00 |
% |
* |
|
||||||||||||
|
Gary Hollst, Chief Revenue Officer(6) |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
77,778 |
2.44 |
% |
* |
|
— |
— |
|
77,778 |
1.66 |
% |
* |
|
||||||||||||
|
Benjamin VandenWymelenberg, Director Nominee |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
|
||||||||||||
|
James M. Grisham, Director Nominee(7) |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
300,000 |
9.66 |
% |
* |
|
— |
— |
|
300,000 |
6.51 |
% |
* |
|
||||||||||||
|
Daniel Nelson, Director Nominee(8) |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
143,678 |
4.63 |
% |
* |
|
— |
— |
|
143,678 |
3.12 |
% |
* |
|
||||||||||||
|
All directors and executive officers as a group (6 persons named above) |
1,350,000 |
100.00 |
% |
1,000,000 |
33.33 |
% |
615,345 |
19.66 |
% |
52.10 |
% |
2,350,000 |
54.02 |
% |
615,345 |
13.29 |
% |
50.46 |
% |
||||||||||||
|
Mohammad Ansari(9) |
— |
— |
|
2,000,000 |
66.67 |
% |
86,207 |
2.78 |
% |
54.87 |
% |
2,000,000 |
59.70 |
% |
86,207 |
1.87 |
% |
52.71 |
% |
||||||||||||
|
Clayton Adams(10) |
1,000,000 |
74.07 |
% |
— |
— |
|
370,000 |
11.91 |
% |
29.76 |
% |
1,000,000 |
22.99 |
% |
370,000 |
8.03 |
% |
21.56 |
% |
||||||||||||
|
Lisa Roskens(11) |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
792,146 |
25.50 |
% |
2.16 |
% |
— |
— |
|
792,146 |
17.20 |
% |
2.08 |
% |
||||||||||||
|
Benjamin Lee Adams(12) |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
470,000 |
15.13 |
% |
1.28 |
% |
— |
— |
|
470,000 |
10.20 |
% |
1.23 |
% |
||||||||||||
|
Michael K. Webb(13) |
— |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
470,000 |
15.13 |
% |
1.28 |
% |
— |
— |
|
470,000 |
10.20 |
% |
1.23 |
% |
||||||||||||
____________
* Less than 1%
(1) Based on 350,000 shares of class A common stock, 3,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock and 3,105,940 shares of class B common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to this offering. The holders of our series seed preferred stock vote with the holders of our common stock on all matters on an as-converted basis, with the shares currently convertible on a 1-for-1 basis.
(2) Based on 3,350,000 shares of class A common stock and 4,605,940 shares of class B common stock issued and outstanding after this offering, including the 3,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock that will automatically convert into 3,000,000 shares of our class A common stock concurrent with the completion of this offering.
(3) Percentage of total voting power represents voting power with respect to all shares of our class A common stock, series seed preferred stock, and class B common stock, as a single class. The holders of our class A common stock and series seed preferred stock are entitled to ten votes per share and holders of our class B common stock are entitled to one vote per share.
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(4) Consists of (i) 350,000 shares of class A common stock held directly, (ii) 1,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock held directly that will automatically convert to class A common stock concurrent with the completion of this offering, and (iii) 1,000,000 shares of class A common stock which Mr. Atkinson has the right to acquire within 60 days through the exercise of a vested stock option.
(5) Consists of 93,889 shares of class B common stock which Mr. Enholm has the right to acquire within 60 days through the exercise of vested stock options.
(6) Consists of 77,778 shares of class B common stock which Mr. Hollst has the right to acquire within 60 days through the exercise of vested stock options.
(7) Consists of (i) 100,000 shares of class B common stock held directly, (ii) 100,000 shares of class B common stock held by Shawnee Communications Inc. and (iii) 100,000 shares of class B common stock held by James T. Coyle Legacy Trust. James M. Grisham is the Chief Executive Officer of Shawnee Communications Inc. and the Trustee of the James T. Coyle Legacy Trust and has voting and investment power over the shares held by them. Mr. Grisham disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest, if any, in such shares.
(8) Consists of 143,678 shares of class B common stock held by the Nelson Revocable Living Trust. Daniel Nelson is the Trustee of the Nelson Revocable Living Trust and has voting and investment power of the shares held by it. Mr. Nelson disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest, if any, in such shares.
(9) Consists of (i) 2,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock held by Bethor Limited, which will automatically convert into 2,000,000 shares of class A common stock concurrent with the completion of this offering, and (ii) 86,207 shares of class B common stock held by Basestones, Inc. Mohammad Ansari is the Director and President of Bethor Limited and the President of Basestones, Inc. and has voting and investment power over the shares held by them. Mr. Ansari disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest, if any in such shares. The address of Bethor Limited is Nerine Chamber, P.O. Box 905, Road Town, Tortola, British Virgin Islands and the address of Basestones, Inc. is 1901 Avenue of the Stars, Los Angeles, CA 90067.
(10) Consists of (i) 370,000 shares of class B common stock and (ii) 1,000,000 shares of class A common stock which Mr. Adams has the right to acquire within 60 days through the exercise of vested stock options. The address of Mr. Adams is 1904 S. 183rd Circle, Omaha, NE 68130.
(11) Consists of (i) 14,368 shares of class B common stock held directly and (ii) 777,778 shares of class B common stock held by Burlington Capital, LLC. Lisa Roskens is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Burlington Capital, LLC and has voting and investment power over the shares held by it. Ms. Roskens disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares except to the extent of her pecuniary interest, if any, in such shares. The address of Burlington Capital, LLC is 1004 Farnam Street, Suite 400, Omaha NE 68102.
(12) The address of Mr. Adams is 724 West 3rd, Maryville, MO 64468.
(13) The address of Mr. Webb is 1900 Forest Ave., Red Oak, IA 50166.
We do not currently have any arrangements which if consummated may result in a change of control of our company.
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General
The following description summarizes important terms of the classes of our capital stock. This summary does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the provisions of our articles of incorporation, the certificate of designation for our series seed preferred stock and our bylaws, which have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Our authorized capital stock currently consists of 350,000,000 shares, consisting of (i) 300,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of which 50,000,000 shares are designated class A common stock and 250,000,000 shares are designated as class B common stock; and (ii) 50,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of which 4,000,000 are designated as series seed preferred stock.
As of the date of this prospectus, there were issued and outstanding 350,000 shares of class A common stock held by one holder of record, 3,105,940 shares of class B common stock held by twenty-two holders of record and 3,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock held by two holders of record. Concurrent with the completion of this offering, 3,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock will automatically convert into 3,000,000 shares of our class A common stock.
Common Stock
The holders of class A common stock are entitled to ten (10) votes for each share of class A common stock held of record and the holders of class B common stock are entitled to one (1) vote for each share of class B common stock held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of the stockholders. A share of class A common stock may be voluntarily converted into a share of class B common stock. A transfer of a share of class A common stock will result in its automatic conversion into a share of class B common stock upon such transfer, subject to certain exceptions for (i) transfers to immediate family members, or to trusts for the exclusive benefit of immediate family members, for no consideration, including by will or laws of succession, (ii) a transfer to another holder of class A common stock, or (iii) transfers approved by a majority of disinterest directors. The class B common stock is not convertible. Other than as to voting and conversion rights, our class A common stock and class B common stock have the same rights and preferences and rank equally, share ratably and are identical in all respects as to all matters.
Under our articles of incorporation and bylaws, any corporate action to be taken by vote of stockholders other than for election of directors shall be authorized by the affirmative vote of the majority of votes cast. Directors are elected by a plurality of votes. Stockholders do not have cumulative voting rights.
Subject to preferences that may be applicable to any then-outstanding preferred stock, holders of common stock are entitled to receive ratably those dividends, if any, as may be declared from time to time by the board of directors out of legally available funds. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of common stock will be entitled to share ratably in the net assets legally available for distribution to stockholders after the payment of all of our debts and other liabilities and the satisfaction of any liquidation preference granted to the holders of any then-outstanding shares of preferred stock.
Holders of common stock have no preemptive, conversion or subscription rights and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to the common stock. The rights, preferences and privileges of the holders of common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of preferred stock.
Preferred Stock
Our articles of incorporation authorize our board to issue up to 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock in one or more series, to determine the designations and the powers, preferences and rights and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, including the dividend rights, conversion or exchange rights, voting rights (including the number of votes per share), redemption rights and terms, liquidation preferences, sinking fund provisions and the number of shares constituting the series. Our board of directors could, without stockholder approval, issue preferred stock with voting and other rights that could adversely affect the voting power and other rights of the holders of common stock and which could have the effect of making it more difficult for a third party to acquire, or of discouraging a third party from attempting to acquire, a majority of our outstanding voting stock.
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As noted above, we have designated 4,000,000 shares of our preferred stock as series seed preferred stock, of which 3,000,000 shares are outstanding as of the date of this prospectus. All 3,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock will automatically convert into 3,000,000 shares of our class A common stock upon completion of this offering in accordance with the terms of the certificate of designation for the series seed preferred stock.
Stock Options
As of the date of this prospectus, we have issued options to purchase an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of class A common stock at an exercise price of $0.25 per share and options to purchase 770,000 shares of class B common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $2.21 per share.
Warrants
We have issued warrants for the purchase of 46,263 shares of class B common stock to Boustead Securities, LLC, the representative of the underwriters for this offering, as part of their compensation earned in connection with the private placement described elsewhere in this prospectus. The warrants are exercisable for a period of five years at an exercise price of $1.74 (subject to adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, mergers, consolidations and similar transactions) and may be exercised on a cashless basis. Boustead Securities, LLC has agreed to increase the exercise price of the foregoing warrants to 125% of the public offering price per share in this offering.
Representative’s Warrants
Upon the closing of this offering, there will be up to 105,000 shares of class B common stock (or 120,750 shares if the underwriters exercise the overallotment option in full) issuable upon exercise of the representative’s warrants. See “Underwriting — Representative’s Warrants” below for a description of the representative’s warrants.
Anti-Takeover Provisions
Provisions of the Nevada Revised Statutes, our articles of incorporation and our bylaws could have the effect of delaying or preventing a third-party from acquiring us, even if the acquisition would benefit our stockholders. Such provisions of the Nevada Revised Statutes, our articles of incorporation and our bylaws are intended to enhance the likelihood of continuity and stability in the composition of our board of directors and in the policies formulated by the board of directors and to discourage certain types of transactions that may involve an actual or threatened change of control of our company. These provisions are designed to reduce our vulnerability to an unsolicited proposal for a takeover that does not contemplate the acquisition of all of our outstanding shares, or an unsolicited proposal for the restructuring or sale of all or part of our company.
Dual Class Structure
Under our articles of incorporation, we are authorized to issue two classes of common stock — class A common stock and class B common stock. The class A common stock is entitled to ten votes per share and the class B common stock is entitled to one vote per share on any proposals requiring or requesting stockholder approval. All of our outstanding class A common stock is currently held by Matthew Atkinson, our Chief Executive Officer. In addition, Mr. Atkinson and a third party, Bethor Limited, also hold all of our outstanding series seed preferred stock, which will automatically convert into class A common stock upon completion of this offering. Accordingly, upon completion of this offering, these stockholders will collectively be able to exercise approximately 88% of our total voting power (with Mr. Atkinson controlling approximately 35% and Bethor Limited controlling approximately 53%). This concentrated control may limit or preclude the ability of others to influence corporate matters, including significant business decisions for the foreseeable future.
Authorized but Unissued Shares
Our authorized but unissued shares of common stock are available for our board of directors to issue without stockholder approval, subject to NYSE American’s rules. We may use these additional shares for a variety of corporate purposes, including raising additional capital, corporate acquisitions and employee stock plans. The existence of our authorized but unissued shares of common stock could render it more difficult or discourage an attempt to obtain control of our company by means of a proxy context, tender offer, merger or other transaction since our board of directors can issue large amounts of capital stock as part of a defense to a take-over challenge. In addition, we have authorized in
64
our articles of incorporation 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock. Our board acting alone and without approval of our stockholders, subject to NYSE American’s rules, can designate and issue one or more series of preferred stock containing super-voting provisions, enhanced economic rights, rights to elect directors, or other dilutive features, that could be utilized as part of a defense to a take-over challenge.
Bylaws
In addition, various provisions of our bylaws may also have an anti-takeover effect. These provisions may delay, defer or prevent a tender offer or takeover attempt of our company that a stockholder might consider in his or her best interest, including attempts that might result in a premium over the market price for the shares held by our stockholders. Our bylaws may be adopted, amended or repealed only by our board of directors. Our bylaws also contain limitations as to who may call special meetings as well as require advance notice of stockholder matters to be brought at a meeting. Additionally, our bylaws also provide that no director may be removed by less than a two-thirds vote of the issued and outstanding shares entitled to vote on the removal. Our bylaws also permit the board of directors to establish the number of directors and fill any vacancies and newly created directorships. These provisions will prevent a stockholder from increasing the size of our board of directors and gaining control of our board of directors by filling the resulting vacancies with its own nominees.
Our bylaws also establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting of our stockholders, including proposed nominations of persons for election to the board of directors. Stockholders at an annual meeting will only be able to consider proposals or nominations specified in the notice of meeting or brought before the meeting by or at the direction of the board of directors or by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record on the record date for the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has given us timely written notice, in proper form, of the stockholder’s intention to bring that business before the meeting. Although our bylaws do not give the board of directors the power to approve or disapprove stockholder nominations of candidates or proposals regarding other business to be conducted at a special or annual meeting, our bylaws may have the effect of precluding the conduct of certain business at a meeting if the proper procedures are not followed or may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of our company.
Cumulative Voting
Furthermore, neither the holders of our common stock nor the holders of our preferred stock have cumulative voting rights in the election of our directors. The combination of the present ownership by a few stockholders of a significant portion of our issued and outstanding common stock and lack of cumulative voting makes it more difficult for other stockholders to replace our board of directors or for a third party to obtain control of our company by replacing its board of directors.
Nevada Anti-Takeover Statutes
Pursuant to our articles of incorporation, we have elected not to be governed by the terms and provisions of Nevada’s control share acquisition laws (Nevada Revised Statutes 78.378 – 78.3793), which prohibit an acquirer, under certain circumstances, from voting shares of a corporation’s stock after crossing specific threshold ownership percentages, unless the acquirer obtains the approval of the issuing corporation’s stockholders. The first such threshold is the acquisition of at least one-fifth but less than one-third of the outstanding voting power.
Pursuant to our articles of incorporation, we have also elected not to be governed by the terms and provisions of Nevada’s combination with interested stockholders statute (Nevada Revised Statutes 78.411 – 78.444) which prohibits an “interested stockholder” from entering into a “combination” with the corporation, unless certain conditions are met. An “interested stockholder” is a person who, together with affiliates and associates, beneficially owns (or within the prior two years, did beneficially own) 10% or more of the corporation’s voting stock, or otherwise has the ability to influence or control such corporation’s management or policies.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent for our class B common stock is Securities Transfer Corporation. The address for Securities Transfer Corporation is 2901 N Dallas Parkway, Suite 380, Plano, Texas 75093, and the telephone number is (469) 633-0101.
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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Before this offering, there has not been a public market for shares of our class B common stock. Future sales of substantial amounts of shares of our class B common stock, including shares issued upon the conversion of convertible notes, the exercise of outstanding options and warrants, in the public market after this offering, or the possibility of these sales occurring, could cause the prevailing market price for our class B common stock to fall or impair our ability to raise equity capital in the future.
Immediately following the closing of this offering, we will have 4,605,940 shares of class B common stock issued and outstanding. In the event the underwriters exercise the over-allotment option in full, we will have 4,830,940 shares of class B common stock issued and outstanding. The class B common stock sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration or qualification under the Securities Act.
Previously issued shares of common stock that were not offered and sold in this offering, as well as shares issuable upon the exercise of warrants and subject to employee stock options, are or will be upon issuance, “restricted securities,” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. These restricted securities are eligible for public sale only if such public resale is registered under the Securities Act or if the resale qualifies for an exemption from registration under Rule 144 or Rule 701 under the Securities Act, which are summarized below.
Rule 144
In general, a person who has beneficially owned restricted shares of our class B common stock for at least twelve months, or at least six months in the event we have been a reporting company under the Exchange Act for at least ninety (90) days before the sale, would be entitled to sell such securities, provided that such person is not deemed to be an affiliate of ours at the time of sale or to have been an affiliate of ours at any time during the ninety (90) days preceding the sale. A person who is an affiliate of ours at such time would be subject to additional restrictions, by which such person would be entitled to sell within any three-month period only a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of the following:
• 1% of the number of shares of our class B common stock then outstanding; or
• 1% of the average weekly trading volume of our class B common stock during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing by such person of a notice on Form 144 with respect to the sale;
provided that, in each case, we are subject to the periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act for at least 90 days before the sale. Rule 144 trades must also comply with the manner of sale, notice and other provisions of Rule 144, to the extent applicable.
Rule 701
In general, Rule 701 allows a stockholder who purchased shares of our capital stock pursuant to a written compensatory plan or contract and who is not deemed to have been an affiliate of ours during the immediately preceding 90 days to sell those shares in reliance upon Rule 144, but without being required to comply with the public information, holding period, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144. All holders of Rule 701 shares, however, are required to wait until ninety (90) days after the date of this prospectus before selling shares pursuant to Rule 701.
Lock-Up Agreements
We and our officers, directors and holders of 5% or greater of our outstanding class A common stock and class B common stock have agreed to be locked up for a period of twelve months from the date on which the trading of our class B common stock commences. Holders of 1-4.99% of our outstanding common stock agreed to be locked up for a period of six months from the date on which the trading of our class B common stock commences; provided that if the aggregate of such holders shares were to equal or exceed 20% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis prior to the completing of this offering, then their lock up period shall be for twelve months from the date of trading of our class B common stock commences. Holders of less than 1% of our outstanding common stock are not subject to any lock up; provided that if the aggregate of such holders shares were to equal or exceed 5% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis prior to the completing of this offering, then their lock up period shall be for six months from the date of trading of our class B common stock commences. See “Underwriting” for more information.
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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS FOR NON-U.S. HOLDERS
The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock. This summary is limited to Non-U.S. Holders (as defined below) that hold our common stock as a capital asset (generally, property held for investment) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. This summary does not discuss all of the aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to a Non-U.S. Holder in light of the Non-U.S. Holder’s particular investment or other circumstances. Accordingly, all prospective Non-U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors with respect to the U.S. federal, state, local and non-United States tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock.
This summary is based on provisions of the Code, applicable U.S. Treasury regulations and administrative and judicial interpretations, all as in effect or in existence on the date of this prospectus. Subsequent developments in U.S. federal income tax law, including changes in law or differing interpretations, which may be applied retroactively, could alter the U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of our common stock as described in this summary. There can be no assurance that the IRS will not take a contrary position with respect to one or more of the tax consequences described herein and we have not obtained, nor do we intend to obtain, a ruling from the IRS with respect to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership or disposition of our common stock.
As used in this summary, the term “Non-U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of our common stock that is not, for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
• an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;
• a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any state thereof, or the District of Columbia;
• an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership;
• an estate whose income is includible in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or
• a trust, if (1) a United States court is able to exercise primary supervision over the trust’s administration and one or more “United States persons” (within the meaning of the Code) has the authority to control all of the trust’s substantial decisions, or (2) the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.
If an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner in such a partnership generally will depend upon the status of the partner, the activities of the partnership and certain determinations made at the partner level. Partnerships, and partners in partnerships, that hold our common stock should consult their own tax advisors as to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of owning and disposing of our common stock that are applicable to them.
This summary does not consider any specific facts or circumstances that may apply to a Non-U.S. Holder, including the impact of the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income and the alternative minimum tax, and does not address any special tax rules that may apply to particular Non-U.S. Holders, including, without limitation:
• a Non-U.S. Holder that is a financial institution, insurance company, tax-exempt organization, pension plan, broker, dealer or trader in stocks or securities, foreign currency dealer, U.S. covered expatriate, controlled foreign corporation or passive foreign investment company;
• a Non-U.S. Holder holding our common stock as part of a conversion, constructive sale, wash sale or other integrated transaction or a hedge, straddle or synthetic security;
• a Non-U.S. Holder that holds or receives our common stock pursuant to the exercise of any employee stock option or otherwise as compensation; or
• a Non-U.S. Holder that at any time owns, directly, indirectly or constructively, 5% or more of our outstanding common stock.
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In addition, this summary does not address any U.S. state or local, or non-U.S. or other tax consequences, or any U.S. federal income tax consequences for beneficial owners of a Non-U.S. Holder, including stockholders of a controlled foreign corporation or passive foreign investment company that holds our common stock. This summary also does not address the effects of other U.S. federal tax laws, such as estate and gift tax laws.
Each Non-U.S. Holder should consult its tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. income and other tax consequences of owning and disposing of our common stock.
Distributions
We do not currently expect to pay any cash dividends on our common stock. If we make distributions of cash or property (other than certain pro rata distributions of our common stock) with respect to our common stock, any such distributions generally will constitute dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. If a distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, the excess will be treated as a nontaxable return of capital to the extent of the Non-U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in our common stock and will reduce (but not below zero) such Non-U.S. Holder’s adjusted tax basis in our common stock. Any remaining excess will be treated as gain from a disposition of our common stock subject to the tax treatment described below in “— Dispositions of Our Common Stock.”
Subject to the discussion below on effectively connected income, dividends paid to a Non-U.S. Holder of our common stock will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate of 30% of the gross amount of the dividends (or such lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty, provided the Non-U.S. Holder furnishes a valid IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or other applicable documentation) certifying qualification for the lower treaty rate).
Distributions on our common stock that are treated as dividends and that are effectively connected with a Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States will be taxed on a net income basis at the regular graduated rates and in the manner applicable to U.S. persons. An exception may apply if the Non-U.S. Holder is eligible for, and properly claims, the benefit of an applicable income tax treaty and the dividends are not attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by the Non-U.S. Holder in the United States. In such case, the Non-U.S. Holder may be eligible for a lower rate under an applicable income tax treaty between the United States and its jurisdiction of tax residence. Dividends that are effectively connected with a Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States will not be subject to the United States withholding tax if the Non-U.S. Holder provides to the applicable withholding agent a properly executed IRS Form W-8ECI (or other applicable form) in accordance with the applicable certification and disclosure requirements. A Non-U.S. Holder treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes may also be subject to a “branch profits tax” at a 30% rate (unless the Non-U.S. Holder is eligible for a lower rate under an applicable income tax treaty) on the Non-U.S. Holder’s earnings and profits (attributable to dividends on our common stock or otherwise) that are effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States.
The IRS Forms and other certifications described above must be provided to the applicable withholding agent prior to the payment of dividends and must be updated periodically. A Non-U.S. Holder may obtain a refund or credit of any excess amounts withheld by timely filing with the IRS an appropriate claim for a refund in the form of a U.S. tax return. Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding their eligibility for benefits under any relevant income tax treaty and the manner of claiming such benefits.
The foregoing discussion is subject to the discussions below under “— Backup Withholding and Information Reporting” and “— FATCA Withholding.”
Dispositions of Our Common Stock
A Non-U.S. Holder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax (including United States withholding tax) on gain recognized on any sale or other disposition of our common stock unless:
• the gain is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. Holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base maintained by the Non-U.S. Holder in the United States); in this case, the gain will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net income basis at the regular rates and in the manner
68
applicable to United States persons (unless an applicable income tax treaty provides otherwise) and, if the Non-U.S. Holder is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the “branch profits tax” described above may also apply;
• the Non-U.S. Holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of the disposition and meets certain other requirements; in this case, except as otherwise provided by an applicable income tax treaty, the gain, which may be offset by certain United States source capital losses (provided the Non-U.S. Holder has timely filed U.S. federal income tax returns with respect to such losses), generally will be subject to a flat 30% U.S. federal income tax, even if the Non-U.S. Holder is not treated as a resident of the United States under the Code; or
• we are or have been a “United States real property holding corporation” for U.S. federal income tax purposes at any time during the shorter of (i) the five-year period ending on the date of disposition and (ii) the period that the Non-U.S. Holder held our common stock.
Generally, a corporation is a “United States real property holding corporation” if the fair market value of its “United States real property interests” equals or exceeds 50% of the sum of the fair market value of its worldwide real property interests plus its other assets used or held for use in a trade or business. We believe that we are not currently, and we do not anticipate becoming in the future, a United States real property holding corporation. However, because the determination of whether we are a United States real property holding corporation is made from time to time and depends on the relative fair market values of our assets, there can be no assurance in this regard. If we were a United States real property holding corporation, the tax relating to disposition of stock in a United States real property holding corporation generally will not apply to a Non-U.S. Holder whose holdings, direct, indirect and constructive, constituted 5% or less of our common stock at all times during the applicable period, provided that our common stock is “regularly traded on an established securities market” (as provided in applicable U.S. Treasury regulations) at any time during the calendar year in which the disposition occurs. NYSE American is an “established securities market.” However, no assurance can be provided that our common stock will be regularly traded on an established securities market for the purposes of the rules described above. Non-U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the possible adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to them if we are, or were to become, a United States real property holding corporation.
The foregoing discussion is subject to the discussions below under “— Backup Withholding and Information Reporting” and “— FATCA Withholding.”
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
Backup withholding (currently at a rate of 24%) will not apply to payments of dividends on our common stock to a Non-U.S. Holder if the Non-U.S. Holder provides to the applicable withholding agent a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or other applicable form) certifying under penalties of perjury that the Non-U.S. Holder is not a United States person or is otherwise entitled to an exemption. However, the applicable withholding agent generally will be required to report to the IRS (and to such Non-U.S. Holder) payments of distributions on our common stock and the amount of U.S. federal income tax, if any, withheld from those payments, regardless of whether such distributions constitute dividends. In accordance with applicable treaties or agreements, the IRS may provide copies of such information returns to the tax authorities in the country in which the Non-U.S. Holder resides.
The gross proceeds from sales or other dispositions of our common stock may be subject, in certain circumstances discussed below, to U.S. backup withholding and information reporting. If a Non-U.S. Holder sells or otherwise disposes of our common stock outside the United States through a non-U.S. office of a non-U.S. broker and the disposition proceeds are paid to the Non-U.S. Holder outside the United States, the U.S. backup withholding and information reporting requirements generally will not apply to that payment. However, U.S. information reporting, but not U.S. backup withholding, will apply to a payment of disposition proceeds, even if that payment is made outside the United States, if a Non-U.S. Holder sells our common stock through a non-U.S. office of a broker that is a United States person or has certain enumerated connections with the United States, unless the broker has documentary evidence in its files that the Non-U.S. Holder is not a United States person and certain other conditions are met or the Non-U.S. Holder otherwise qualifies for an exemption.
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If a Non-U.S. Holder receives payments of the proceeds of a disposition of our common stock to or through a United States office of a broker, the payment will be subject to both U.S. backup withholding and information reporting unless the Non-U.S. Holder provides to the broker a properly executed IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8BEN-E (or other applicable form) certifying under penalties of perjury that the Non-U.S. Holder is not a United States person, or the Non-U.S. Holder otherwise qualifies for an exemption.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be credited against the Non-U.S. Holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability (which may result in the Non-U.S. Holder being entitled to a refund), provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
FATCA Withholding
The Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act and related U.S. Treasury guidance (commonly referred to as FATCA) impose U.S. federal withholding tax at a rate of 30% on payments to certain foreign entities of (i) U.S. source dividends (including dividends paid on our common stock) and (ii) (subject to the proposed U.S. Treasury Regulations discussed below) the gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of property that produces U.S. source dividends (including sales or other dispositions of our common stock). This withholding tax applies to a foreign entity, whether acting as a beneficial owner or an intermediary, unless such foreign entity complies with (i) certain information reporting requirements regarding its U.S. account holders and its U.S. owners and (ii) certain withholding obligations applicable to certain payments to its account holders and certain other persons. Accordingly, the entity through which a Non-U.S. Holder holds our common stock will affect the determination of whether such withholding is required. Foreign financial institutions located in jurisdictions that have an intergovernmental agreement with the United States governing FATCA may be subject to different rules.
Under the applicable U.S. Treasury Regulations and administrative guidance, withholding under FATCA generally will apply to payments of dividends on our common stock. While withholding under FATCA would have applied also to payments of gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of stock on or after January 1, 2019, proposed U.S. Treasury Regulations eliminate FATCA withholding on payments of gross proceeds. Taxpayers generally may rely on these proposed U.S. Treasury Regulations until final U.S. Treasury Regulations are issued.
Non-U.S. Holders are encouraged to consult their tax advisors regarding the possible application of FATCA in their particular circumstances.
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In connection with this offering, we expect to enter into an underwriting agreement with Boustead Securities, LLC, as the representative of the underwriters named in this prospectus, with respect to the class B common stock in this offering. Under the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the underwriting agreement, the representative will agree to purchase from us on a firm commitment basis the respective number of shares of class B common stock at the public price less the underwriting discounts and commissions set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and each of the underwriters has severally and not jointly agreed to purchase, and we have agreed to sell to the underwriters, at the public offering price per share less the underwriting discounts and commissions set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the number of shares class B common stock listed next to its name in the following table:
|
Underwriter |
Number of |
|
|
Boustead Securities, LLC |
|
|
|
Total |
1,500,000 |
The shares of class B common stock sold by the underwriters to the public will initially be offered at the initial public offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. Any shares of class B common stock sold by the underwriters to securities dealers may be sold at a discount from the initial public offering price not to exceed $ per share. After the initial offering, the representative may change the offering price and the other selling terms.
The representative has advised us that the underwriters do not intend to make sales to discretionary accounts. The underwriting agreement will provide that the obligations of the underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the shares are subject to the passing upon certain legal matters by counsel and certain conditions such as confirmation of the accuracy of representations and warranties by us about our financial condition and operations and other matters. The obligation of the underwriters to purchase the class B common stock is conditioned upon our receiving approval to list the class B common stock on NYSE American.
Over-Allotment Option
If the underwriters sell more shares of class B common stock than the total number set forth in the table above, we have granted to the representative an option, exercisable for 45 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to 225,000 additional shares of class B common stock at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions, constituting 15% of the total number of shares of class B common stock to be offered in this offering (excluding shares subject to this option). The underwriters may exercise this option solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments in connection with this offering. This offering is being conducted on a firm commitment basis. Any shares of class B common stock issued or sold under the option will be issued and sold on the same terms and conditions as the other shares of class B common stock that are the subject of this offering.
Discounts and Commissions; Expenses
The following table shows the underwriting discounts payable to the underwriters by us in connection with this offering (assuming both the exercise and non-exercise of the over-allotment option that we have granted to the underwriters):
|
Per Share |
Total Without |
Total With |
|||||||
|
Initial public offering price |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||
|
Underwriting discounts and commissions (7%) |
|
|
|
||||||
|
Non-accountable expense allowance (1%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Proceeds to us, before expenses |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||
We have agreed to pay the representative a non-accountable expense allowance equal to 1% of the gross proceeds received at the closing of this offering.
71
We have agreed to reimburse the representative for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the representative in connection with this offering of up to $280,000. The representative’s reimbursable out-of-pocket expenses include but are not limited to: (i) reasonable fees of representative’s legal counsel up to $125,000, (ii) due diligence and other expenses incurred prior to completion of this offering up to $75,000, (iii) road show, travel, platform on-boarding fees, and other reasonable out-of-pocket accountable expenses up to $75,000, and (iv) $5,000 for background check on our officers, directors and major stockholders. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not paid the representative for any advances of its anticipated out-of-pocket costs.
We estimate that our total expenses of this offering, exclusive of the underwriting discounts and commissions and the non-accountable expense allowance, will be approximately $840,000.
Representative’s Warrants
We have agreed to issue warrants to the representative (or its permitted assignees) to purchase a number of shares of class B common stock equal to 7% of the total number of shares sold in this offering at an exercise price equal to 125% of the initial public offering price of the shares sold in this offering. The representative’s warrants will be exercisable upon issuance, will have a cashless exercise provision and will terminate on the fifth anniversary of the commencement date of sales in this offering. The representative’s warrants are not exercisable or convertible for more than five years from the commencement date of sales in this offering. The representative’s warrants also provide for customary anti-dilution provisions and immediate “piggyback” registration rights with respect to the registration of the shares of class B common stock underlying the warrants for a period not to exceed five years from the commencement of sales in the offering. We have registered the underwriters’ warrants and the shares underlying the underwriters’ warrants in this offering.
The representative’s warrants and the underlying shares may be deemed to be compensation by FINRA, and therefore will be subject to FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1). In accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1), neither the representative’s warrants nor any of our shares of class B common stock issued upon exercise of the representative’s warrants may be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of such securities by any person, for a period of 180 days immediately following the commencement date of sales in this offering, subject to certain exceptions. The representative’s warrants to be received by the representative and related persons in connection with this offering: (i) fully comply with lock-up restrictions pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1); and (ii) fully comply with transfer restrictions pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110(e)(2).
Indemnification
We have agreed to indemnify the representative and the other underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. If we are unable to provide this indemnification, we will contribute to payments that the representative and the other underwriters may be required to make for these liabilities.
Right of First Refusal
We have agreed to provide the representative the right of first refusal for two (2) years following the later of the consummation of this offering or the termination or expiration of the engagement with the representative, but not to exceed three years from the commencement date of sales in this offering, to act as sole investment banker, sole book-runner, and/or sole placement agent, at the representative’s sole discretion, for each and every equity or debt transaction, including future public and private equity and/or debt offerings, including all equity linked financings, whether in conjunction with another advisor, or broker-dealer, or on our own volition. In the event that we engage the representative to provide such services, the representative will be compensated consistent with our engagement agreement with the representative, unless we mutually agree otherwise.
To the extent we are approached by a third party to lead any public or private financing (debt or equity), merger, business combination, recapitalization or sale of some or all of our equity or assets, the representative will be notified of the transaction and be granted the right to participate in such transaction under any syndicate formed by such third party.
72
Tail Rights
Following the termination or expiration of our engagement agreement with the representative, the representative shall be entitled to success fees in accordance with our engagement agreement if we complete a transaction with a party who was introduced to us by the representative prior to such termination or expiration of the engagement agreement.
No Sales of Similar Securities
We have agreed not to offer, issue, sell, contract to sell, encumber, grant any option for the sale of or otherwise dispose of any of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock at a price per share that is less than the price per share in this offering, or modify the terms of any existing securities, whether in conjunction with another broker-dealer or on our own volition, for a period of twelve months following date on which our class B common stock is trading on NYSE American, without the prior written consent of the representative.
Lock-Up
We and our officers, directors and holders of 5% or greater of our outstanding class A common stock and class B common stock have agreed to be locked up for a period of twelve months from the date on which the trading of our class B common stock commences. Holders of 1-4.99% of our outstanding common stock agreed to be locked up for a period of six months from the date on which the trading of our class B common stock commences; provided that if the aggregate of such holders shares were to equal or exceed 20% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis prior to the completing of this offering, then their lock up period shall be for twelve months from the date of trading of our class B common stock commences. Holders of less than 1% of our outstanding common stock are not subject to any lock up; provided that if the aggregate of such holders shares were to equal or exceed 5% of our outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis prior to the completing of this offering, then their lock up period shall be for six months from the date of trading of our class B common stock commences. During the lock-up period, without the prior written consent of the underwriters, they shall not, directly or indirectly, (i) offer, pledge, assign, encumber, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, any common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock, owned either of record or beneficially by any signatory of the lock-up agreement on the date of the prospectus or thereafter acquired; (ii) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock, whether any such transaction described in clauses (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, or publicly announce an intention to do any of the foregoing; and (iii) make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of any common stock or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common stock.
Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids
In connection with this offering, the underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions, over-allotment transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids in compliance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act, as described below:
• Stabilizing transactions permit bids to purchase class B common stock so long as the stabilizing bids do not exceed a specified maximum.
• Over-allotment transactions involve sales by the underwriters of securities in excess of the number of class B common stock the underwriters are obligated to purchase, which creates a syndicate short position. The short position may be either a covered short position or a naked short position. In a covered short position, the number of class B common stock over-allotted by the underwriters is not greater than the number of class B common stock that they may purchase in the over-allotment option. In a naked short position, the number of securities involved is greater than the number of class B common stock in the over-allotment option. The underwriters may close out any covered short position by either exercising their over-allotment option and/or purchasing securities in the open market.
73
• Syndicate covering transactions involve purchases of class B common stock in the open market after the distribution has been completed in order to cover syndicate short positions. In determining the source of class B common stock to close out the short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of class B common stock available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase class B common stock through the over-allotment option. A naked short position occurs if the underwriters sell more class B common stock than could be covered by the over-allotment option. This position can only be closed out by buying class B common stock in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there could be downward pressure on the price of the class B common stock in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering.
• Penalty bids permit the underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member when class B common stock originally sold by the syndicate member are purchased in a stabilizing or syndicate covering transaction to cover syndicate short positions.
These stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions and penalty bids may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our securities or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the securities. As a result, the price of our shares of class B common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time.
Determination of Offering Price
In determining the initial public offering price, we and the representative have considered a number of factors, including:
• the information set forth in this prospectus and otherwise available to the representative;
• our prospects and the history and prospects for the industry in which we compete;
• an assessment of our management;
• our prospects for future revenues and earnings;
• the recent prices of, and demand for, shares sold by us prior to this offering;
• the general condition of the securities markets at the time of this offering;
• the recent market prices of, and demand for, publicly traded securities of generally comparable companies; and
• other factors deemed relevant by the representative and us.
The estimated initial public offering price set forth on the cover page of this preliminary prospectus is subject to change as a result of market conditions and other factors. Neither we nor the representative can assure investors that an active trading market will develop for our shares of class B common stock, or that the shares will trade in the public market at or above the initial public offering price.
Electronic Offer, Sale and Distribution of Shares of Common Stock
A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the websites maintained by the representative. In addition, shares of class B common stock may be sold by the representative to securities dealers who resell shares of class B common stock to online brokerage account holders. Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on the representative’s website and any information contained in any other website maintained by the representative is not part of the prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the representative in its capacity as representative and should not be relied upon by investors.
74
Offer Restrictions Outside the United States
Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the underwriters that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The securities offered by this prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such securities be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to this offering and the distribution of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.
Other
Between October 14, 2022 and November 29, 2022, we issued an aggregate of 660,921 shares of class B common stock for total gross proceeds of $1,150,000 and net proceeds of approximately $1,035,000 in a private placement transaction. Boustead Securities, LLC, the representative of the underwriters for this offering, acted as placement agent in connection with this private placement. As compensation for its services, Boustead Securities, LLC received (i) a cash commission equal to 9% of the gross proceeds, (ii) a 1% non-accountable expense allowance and (iii) five-year warrants for the purchase of a number of shares of class B common stock equal to 7% of the number of shares issued in the private placement at an exercise price of $1.74 per share (subject to adjustments), which may be exercised on a cashless basis. Accordingly, we issued warrants for the purchase of 46,263 shares of class B common stock to Boustead Securities, LLC at an initial exercise price of $1.74 per share. Boustead Securities, LLC has agreed to increase the exercise price of the foregoing warrants to 125% of the public offering price per share in this offering. The foregoing warrants were issued within 180 days of the original confidential filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. The private placement concluded on December 31, 2022.
The warrants and the underlying shares may be deemed to be compensation by FINRA, and therefore will be subject to FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1). In accordance with FINRA Rule 5110(e)(1), neither the warrants nor any of our shares of common stock issued upon exercise of the warrants may be sold, transferred, assigned, pledged or hypothecated, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of such securities by any person, for a period of 180 days immediately following the commencement date of sales in this offering, subject to certain exceptions. In addition, the foregoing warrants may not be exercised more than five years from the date of commencement of sales in this offering.
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Bevilacqua PLLC has acted as our counsel in connection with the preparation of this prospectus. The validity of the shares of class B common stock covered by this prospectus will be passed upon by Sherman & Howard L.L.C. The underwriters have been represented in connection with this offering by ArentFox Schiff LLP, Washington, DC.
As of the date of this prospectus, Bevilacqua PLLC owns 17,241 shares of class B common stock, representing less than 1% of our outstanding class B common stock. Bevilacqua PLLC received these securities as partial consideration for legal services previously provided to us.
The financial statements of our company appearing elsewhere in this prospectus have been included herein in reliance upon the report of TAAD LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, appearing elsewhere herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed a registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, on Form S-1 with the SEC relating to this offering. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information in the registration statement and the exhibits filed with the registration statement. For further information pertaining to us and the securities to be sold in this offering, you should refer to the registration statement and its exhibits. References in this prospectus to any of our contracts, agreements or other documents are not necessarily complete, and you should refer to the exhibits attached to the registration statement for copies of the actual contracts, agreements or documents.
Upon the effectiveness of the registration statement, we will be subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act, and, in accordance with the Exchange Act, will file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains these reports, proxy statements and other information regarding issuers that file with the SEC. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. Additionally, we will make these filings available, free of charge, on our website at www.cleancoresol.com as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC. The information on our website, other than these filings, is not, and should not be, considered part of this prospectus and is not incorporated by reference into this document.
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|
Page |
||
|
F-2 |
||
|
F-3 |
||
|
F-4 |
||
|
F-5 |
||
|
F-6 |
||
|
F-7 |
||
|
Financial Statements of CleanCore Solutions, Inc. for the Years Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 |
F-20 |
|
|
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB # 05854) |
F-21 |
|
|
Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2023 (Successor) and 2022 (Predecessor) |
F-22 |
|
|
F-23 |
||
|
F-24 |
||
|
F-25 |
||
|
F-26 |
F-1
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
|
September 30, |
June 30, |
|||||||
|
(unaudited) |
||||||||
|
Assets |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Current assets: |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Cash |
$ |
64,118 |
|
$ |
393,194 |
|
||
|
Accounts receivable, net |
|
292,663 |
|
|
233,560 |
|
||
|
Inventory, net |
|
700,040 |
|
|
672,116 |
|
||
|
Due from related parties |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Deferred offering costs |
|
529,079 |
|
|
302,755 |
|
||
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
|
42,115 |
|
|
135,666 |
|
||
|
Total current assets |
|
1,628,015 |
|
|
1,737,291 |
|
||
|
Property and equipment, net |
|
2,149 |
|
|
1,197 |
|
||
|
Right of use assets |
|
444,898 |
|
|
466,661 |
|
||
|
Intangibles |
|
1,602,420 |
|
|
1,640,919 |
|
||
|
Goodwill |
|
2,237,910 |
|
|
2,237,910 |
|
||
|
Other assets |
|
9,440 |
|
|
9,440 |
|
||
|
Total assets |
$ |
5,924,832 |
|
$ |
6,093,418 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Current liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
$ |
859,948 |
|
$ |
644,627 |
|
||
|
Lease liability – current |
|
90,026 |
|
|
87,985 |
|
||
|
Note payable |
|
2,999,250 |
|
|
2,994,750 |
|
||
|
Due to related parties |
|
227,501 |
|
|
221,302 |
|
||
|
Total current liabilities |
|
4,176,725 |
|
|
3,948,664 |
|
||
|
Lease liability – non current |
|
375,227 |
|
|
398,540 |
|
||
|
Total liabilities |
|
4,551,952 |
|
|
4,347,204 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Members’ capital |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Series Seed Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 4,000,000 shares authorized; 3,000,000 shares issued and outstanding |
|
300 |
|
|
400 |
|
||
|
Class A Common stock; $0.0001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized; 350,000 shares issued and outstanding |
|
35 |
|
|
66 |
|
||
|
Class B Common stock; $0.0001 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized; 3,105,940 shares issued and outstanding |
|
311 |
|
|
180 |
|
||
|
Additional paid-in capital |
|
6,832,735 |
|
|
6,768,775 |
|
||
|
Accumulated deficit |
|
(5,460,501 |
) |
|
(5,023,207 |
) |
||
|
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) |
|
1,372,880 |
|
|
1,746,214 |
|
||
|
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) |
$ |
5,924,832 |
|
$ |
6,093,418 |
|
||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed unaudited financial statements.
F-3
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
|
For the Three Months Ended |
||||||||
|
September 30, |
September 30, |
|||||||
|
Revenue |
$ |
325,684 |
|
$ |
502,597 |
|
||
|
Cost of Sales (exclusive of depreciation shown separately below) |
|
152,575 |
|
|
345,798 |
|
||
|
Gross profit |
|
173,109 |
|
|
156,799 |
|
||
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
General and administrative |
|
548,375 |
|
|
301,247 |
|
||
|
Advertising expense |
|
823 |
|
|
4,496 |
|
||
|
Depreciation expense |
|
63 |
|
|
6,420 |
|
||
|
Loss from operations |
|
(376,152 |
) |
|
(155,364 |
) |
||
|
Interest expense |
|
61,142 |
|
|
107,693 |
|
||
|
Net loss |
$ |
(437,294 |
) |
$ |
(263,057 |
) |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Net loss per share of Class A and Class B stock, basic and diluted |
$ |
(0.17 |
) |
|
|
|||
|
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per Class A share, basic and diluted |
|
848,000 |
|
|
|
|||
|
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per Class B share, basic and diluted |
|
1,727,920 |
|
|
|
|||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed unaudited financial statements.
F-4
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(UNAUDITED)
|
Series Seed |
Class A |
Class B |
Additional Paid-In Capital |
Members’ Capital Amount |
Accumulated Deficit |
Total |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Shares |
Amount |
Shares |
Amount |
Shares |
Amount |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Predecessor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Balance at July 1, 2022 |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
— |
$ |
— |
$ |
— |
$ |
2,215,916 |
$ |
(8,224,933 |
) |
$ |
(6,009,017 |
) |
||||||||||
|
Imputed interest |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
125,728 |
|
— |
|
|
125,728 |
|
||||||||||
|
Net loss |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(320,064 |
) |
|
(320,064 |
) |
||||||||||
|
Balance at October 16, 2022 |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
2,341,644 |
|
(8,544,997 |
) |
|
(6,203,354 |
) |
||||||||||
|
Successor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Balance at October 17, 2022 |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
Issuance of series seed preferred stock |
4,000,000 |
|
|
400 |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
999,600 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
1,000,000 |
|
||||||||||
|
Issuance of class A common stock |
— |
|
|
— |
|
1,000,000 |
|
|
100 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
100 |
|
||||||||||
|
Issuance of class B common stock, net |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
1,438,699 |
|
144 |
|
1,649,856 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
1,152,222 |
|
||||||||||
|
Conversion of class B common stock upon exercise of warrants |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Issuance of class B common stock upon exercise of warrants |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
497,778 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Warrants issued to consultants for services |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
857,889 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
857,889 |
|
||||||||||
|
Stock based compensation – officers |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
3,080,000 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
3,082,000 |
|
||||||||||
|
Stock based compensation – |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
29,999 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Stock based compensation – 2022 Equity incentive plan |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
56,443 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
149,433 |
|
||||||||||
|
Net loss for the period |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(5,023,207 |
) |
|
(5,023,207 |
) |
||||||||||
|
Balance at June 30, 2023 |
4,000,000 |
|
$ |
400 |
|
1,000,000 |
|
$ |
100 |
|
1,438,699 |
$ |
144 |
$ |
6,643,788 |
$ |
— |
$ |
(5,023,207 |
) |
$ |
1,746,214 |
|
||||||||||
|
Conversion of class A common stock into class B common stock |
— |
|
|
— |
|
(1,310,000 |
) |
$ |
(131 |
) |
1,310,000 |
$ |
131 |
$ |
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
||||||||||
|
Conversion of series seed preferred stock into class A common stock |
(1,000,000 |
) |
|
(100 |
) |
1,000,000 |
|
|
100 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
||||||||||
|
Issuance of class B common stock upon exercise of warrants |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
||||||||||
|
Warrants issued to consultants for services |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
||||||||||
|
Stock based compensation – officers |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
||||||||||
|
Stock based compensation – |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
||||||||||
|
Stock based compensation – 2022 Equity incentive plan |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
63,960 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
(63,960 |
) |
||||||||||
|
Net loss for the period |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(437,294 |
) |
|
(437,294 |
) |
||||||||||
|
Balance at September 30, |
3,000,000 |
|
$ |
300 |
|
350,000 |
|
$ |
35 |
|
3,105,940 |
|
6,832,735 |
|
6,832,735 |
|
— |
|
(5,460,501 |
) |
|
1,372,880 |
|
||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.
F-5
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
|
Three Months Ended |
||||||||
|
2023 |
2022 |
|||||||
|
Cash flows from operating activities |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Net loss |
$ |
(437,294 |
) |
$ |
(541,611 |
) |
||
|
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
38,562 |
|
|
19,425 |
|
||
|
Accretion of note payable discount |
|
4,500 |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Non cash interest expense |
|
208,248 |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Stock based compensation |
|
63,960 |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Non cash lease expense |
|
492 |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Imputed interest |
|
— |
|
|
274,889 |
|
||
|
Provision for bad debt and write-off of on uncollectable accounts |
|
7,130 |
|
|
36,316 |
|
||
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Accounts receivable |
|
(66,233 |
) |
|
(187,758 |
) |
||
|
Inventory |
|
(77,026 |
) |
|
(170,243 |
) |
||
|
Due from related parties, net |
|
— |
|
|
(1,512 |
) |
||
|
Prepaid expenses |
|
93,550 |
|
|
11,777 |
|
||
|
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
|
(144,224 |
) |
|
54,413 |
|
||
|
Net cash used in operating activities |
|
(308,335 |
) |
|
(504,304 |
) |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Investing activities |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Purchase of property and equipment |
|
(1,015 |
) |
|
(35,033 |
) |
||
|
Net cash used in investing activities |
|
(1,015 |
) |
|
(35,033 |
) |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Financing activities |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Proceeds from issuance of loans from related parties |
|
(6,203 |
) |
|
751,079 |
|
||
|
Payments for deferred offering costs |
|
(13,523 |
) |
|
— |
|
||
|
Repayments of long term debt |
|
— |
|
|
(3,673 |
) |
||
|
Repayments of loans due to related parties |
|
— |
|
|
(80,000 |
) |
||
|
Net cash provided by financing activities |
|
(19,726 |
) |
|
667,406 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash |
|
(329,076 |
) |
|
128,069 |
|
||
|
Cash at beginning of period |
|
393,194 |
|
|
135,437 |
|
||
|
Cash at the end of period |
$ |
64,118 |
|
$ |
263,506 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Supplementary cash flow disclosure |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Interest paid |
$ |
— |
|
$ |
171 |
|
||
|
Unpaid deferred offering costs |
$ |
212,801 |
|
$ |
— |
|
||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.
F-6
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022
1. Organization and Business
CC Acquisition Corp. was incorporated in the State of Nevada on August 23, 2022 for the sole purpose of acquiring substantially all of the assets of CleanCore Solutions, LLC, TetraClean Systems, LLC, and Food Safety Technologies, LLC, pursuant to an asset purchase agreement entered into by CC Acquisition Corp. with these three entities and their owners on October 17, 2022. On November 21, 2022, CC Acquisition Corp. changed its name to CleanCore Solutions, Inc. (“the Company” or “Successor”). Since the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of each of CleanCore Solutions, LLC, TetraClean Systems, LLC, and Food Safety Technologies, LLC, the business of these three entities is now operated by the Company, with no subsidiaries. The combined results of CleanCore Solutions, LLC, TetraClean Systems, LLC and Food Safety Technologies, LLC presented in these financial statements represent the predecessor entity of the Company (“Predecessor”).
The Company specializes in the development and manufacturing of cleaning products that produce pure aqueous ozone products for professional, industrial, or home use. The Company has a patented nanobubble technology using aqueous ozone that it believes is highly effective in cleaning, sanitizing, and deodorizing surfaces and high-touch areas.
The Company offers products and solutions that are marketed for janitorial and sanitation, ice machine cleaning, laundry, and industrial industries. Its products are used in many types of environments including retail establishments, distribution centers, factories, warehouses, restaurants, schools and universities, airports, healthcare, food service, and commercial buildings such as offices, malls, and stores.
The headquarters, principal address and records of the Company are located at 5920 South 118th Circle, Suite 2, Omaha, Nebraska.
Liquidity
The Company has incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations. From acquisition through September 30, 2023, the Company has financed its operations primarily through investor funding. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had cash of $64,118, a net loss of $437,294 and used cash of $308,335 for operating activities. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements — Going Concern, management is required to perform a two-step analysis over the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management must first evaluate whether there are conditions and events that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of 12 months from the date the combined financial statements are issued. If management concludes that substantial doubt is raised, management is also required to consider whether its plans alleviate that doubt.
Management has evaluated the adverse conditions noted above and although the adverse conditions were expected due primarily to the fact that the Company is in early stages of growth and transformation, the conditions have raised substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.
As noted above, the Company was formed in August 2022 and completed the acquisition in October 2022. Since the acquisition, the Company has invested in further developing the Company’s products, hiring key personnel, and engaging third party experts such as accountants and underwriters with the intention of listing its class B common stock on the New York Stock Exchange, however, there can be no assurances to that effect. Therefore, management’s plan is to raise capital through the offering to alleviate the substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company notes that the offering is expected to provide the Company with sufficient funds to meet its obligations as they become due, well beyond the 12-month period from the date the combined financial statements are issued. As such, the Company notes that management’s plans, when implemented, will alleviate the substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
F-7
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022
1. Organization and Business (cont.)
The Company may, however, in the future require additional cash resources due to changing business conditions, implementation of its strategy to expand the business, or other investments or acquisitions it may decide to pursue. If the Company’s financial resources are insufficient to satisfy its capital requirements, it may seek to sell additional funding through the issuance of our securities in debt and/or equity financings.
The accompanying condensed financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis under which the Company is expected to be able to realize its assets and satisfy its liabilities in the normal course of business.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The accompanying unaudited interim condensed financial statements as of and for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The interim financial statements are condensed and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s latest annual audited 2023 financial statements.
The results of the Predecessor represent the combined financial statements of the accounts of CleanCore Solutions, LLC, TetraClean Systems, LLC and Food Safety Technologies, LLC. These combined financial statements include the accompanying combined statements of operations, combined statement of members’ equity and combined statement of cash flows as of and for the three-month period ended September 30, 2022. All intercompany balances and transactions among the combined entities have been eliminated. In the opinion of predecessor management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s and Predecessor’s financial statements require management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the disclosure in the Company’s combined financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. By their nature, estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty and, as such, actual results may differ from management’s estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions made by the Company are allowance for bad debt, useful lives of fixed assets, warranty liabilities, and allowance for inventory obsolescence.
Risks and Uncertainties
The Company is subject to a number of risks similar to other early-stage companies including, but not limited to, profitability, the need for additional financing to achieve its business strategy, ability to obtain regulatory approval, significant competition, and dependence on key individuals.
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable is comprised of trade accounts receivables from the Company’s customers. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company established an allowance for bad debt of accounts receivables based on a percentage assigned to aged days outstanding categories. The Predecessor established the allowance for bad debt based on various factors including credit profiles of the Company’s customers, historical payments, outstanding balances and current economic trends, and performed this analysis periodically. The Company recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,275 and $4,419 as of September 30, 2023 and June 30, 2023, respectively.
F-8
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)
Inventory
Inventory consists of parts, work in progress and finished goods. The Company and its Predecessor value parts and finished goods at the lower of the actual costs or net realizable value. The Company and its Predecessor value work in progress at cost. The Company and Predecessor periodically review inventory for obsolete and potentially impaired items. As of September 30, 2023 and June 30, 2023, the Company had an allowance for inventory obsolescence of $14,895 and $14,940, respectively.
Leases
The Company accounts for leases in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 842 (Topic 842), Leases. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The lease liability is measured as the present value of the unpaid lease payments, and the right-of-use asset value is derived from the calculation of the lease liability. Operating leases are included in right-of-use assets, current lease liabilities, and noncurrent lease liabilities in the balance sheet.
Lease payments include fixed and in-substance fixed payments, variable payments based on an index or rate, reasonably certain purchase options, termination penalties, and probable amounts the lessee will owe under a residual value guarantee. Variable lease payments are recognized as lease expenses as incurred, and generally relate to variable payments made based on the level of services provided by the landlords of our leases. Lease expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term within general and administrative expenses in the statement of operations.
The Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate, which is derived from information available at the lease commencement date, in determining the present value of lease payments because the Company does not have the information necessary to determine the rate implicit in the lease. The Company’s lease term includes any option to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain to be exercised based on consideration of all relevant factors. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheets and the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Business Combinations
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The fair value of total purchase consideration is allocated to the fair values of identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the remaining amount being classified as goodwill. All assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired or assumed in a business combination are recorded at their fair values at the date of acquisition. Determining the fair value of assets
acquired and liabilities assumed requires management to use significant judgment and estimates including the selection of valuation methodologies, estimates of future revenue and cash flows, discount rates, and selection of comparable companies. Estimates of fair value are based on assumptions believed to be reasonable, but are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from those estimates. During the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with a corresponding offset to goodwill. At the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are reflected in the statements of operations. Transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred and are included in general and administrative expenses in the Company’s statements of operations.
F-9
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets primarily consist of existing technology, customer relationships, and trademarks obtained as a result of the acquisition on October 17, 2022. Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized based on their pattern of economic benefit over their estimated useful lives and reviewed periodically for impairment. The Company’s trademarks are deemed to have an indefinite life. The estimated useful life of the acquired technology is 15 years while the estimated useful life of customer relationships is 5 years.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets consist primarily of property and equipment and intangible assets. Long-lived assets are tested for impairment when events and circumstances indicate the assets might be impaired by first comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows of the asset or asset group to the carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized based on the amount that the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group. The Company and its Predecessor did not recognize impairment losses during the periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.
Deferred Offering Costs
In accordance with ASC 340-10-S99-1 and SEC Accounting Bulletin Topic 5A, specific incremental costs incurred by the Company directly attributable to a proposed offering of securities have been deferred and will be charged against the gross proceeds of the offering. These offering costs include fees paid to underwriters, attorney, accountants as well as printers and other third parties directly related to the offering. Costs such as management salaries or other general administrative expenses that are not incremental to the offering are not included in the deferred costs. As of September 30, 2023 and June 30, 2023, the Company had $529,079 and $302,755, respectively, of deferred offering costs.
Patent Costs
Costs related to filing and pursuing patent applications are expensed as incurred, as recoverability of such expenditures is uncertain. These costs are included in general and administrative expenses.
Advertising Costs
The Company reports as expense the cost of advertising and promoting its services as incurred. Such amounts are included in sales and marketing expenses in the statement of operation and totaled $823 and $4,996 for the periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Stock-based Compensation
Compensation expense is recognized for all share-based payments to employees and nonemployees, including stock options and warrants, in the statements of operation based on the fair value of the awards that are granted. The Company’s stock price at the date of grant was estimated using an acceptable valuation technique such as the probability-weighted expected return model. The fair value of stock options is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Generally, measured compensation cost, net of actual forfeitures, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the related share-based compensation award. The Company accounts for forfeitures of stock-based awards as they occur.
Revenue Recognition
The Company generates revenues from sales of its products and recognizes revenue as control of its products is transferred to its customers, which is generally at the time of shipment based on the contractual terms with the Company’s customers.
F-10
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)
The Company provides customer programs and incentive offerings, including growth incentives and volume-based incentives. These customer programs and incentives are considered variable consideration. The Company includes in revenue variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the variable consideration is resolved. This determination is made based upon known customer program and incentive offerings at the time of sale, and expected sales volume forecasts as it relates to the Company’s volume-based incentives. This determination is updated every reporting period. For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, customer growth and volume-based incentives were minimal.
Certain product sales include a 2-year manufacturer’s warranty that provides the customer with assurance that the product performs as intended. Such warranties are assurance-type warranties and are accounted for as contingencies under ASC 460-10. Refer to Note 7 for warranty reserve.
Net Loss per Share of Common Stock
Basic net loss per class A and class B common share is calculated by dividing the net loss distributed to class A and class B, respectively, by the weighted-average number of common shares of each respective class outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, stock options and warrants are considered to be potentially dilutive securities. As of September 30, 2023, the Company has issued options to purchase an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of class A common stock, and options to purchase 770,000 shares of class B common stock. Additionally, as of September 30, 2023, the Company has issued warrants for the purchase of a total of 46,263 shares of class B common stock. Because the Company has reported a net loss for the period ended September 30, 2023, diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share for the period.
New Accounting Pronouncements
No recent accounting pronouncement or changes in accounting pronouncements have been issued or adopted that are of material significance, or have potential material significance, to the Company’s financial statements since those discussed in the Company’s fiscal year 2023 audited financial statements.
3. Disaggregated Revenue
The following table disaggregates revenue by product category for the following periods ended:
|
Three Months Ended |
||||||
|
2023 |
2022 |
|||||
|
Janitorial and Sanitation |
$ |
287,295 |
$ |
363,413 |
||
|
Ice System |
|
2,441 |
|
16,744 |
||
|
Commercial and Residential Laundry |
|
1,400 |
|
6,445 |
||
|
Sanitizing and Disinfecting Tablets |
|
1,390 |
|
160 |
||
|
Other |
|
33,158 |
|
115,835 |
||
|
Total revenue |
$ |
325,684 |
$ |
502,597 |
||
The “Other” category of revenue consists primarily of sales of parts, accessories, shipping and handling, and equipment rental income.
F-11
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022
4. Accounts Receivable, net
Accounts receivable, net consists of the following at:
|
September 30, |
June 30, |
|||||||
|
Trade accounts receivable |
$ |
293,937 |
|
$ |
237,979 |
|
||
|
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
|
(1,275 |
) |
|
(4,419 |
) |
||
|
Total accounts receivable, net |
$ |
292,663 |
|
$ |
233,560 |
|
||
5. Business Combinations
On October 17, 2022, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of the Predecessor and accounted for this transaction as a business combination under ASC 805 as it falls under the definition. The purpose of the transaction was to acquire and further develop and manufacture patented cleaning products. Total consideration for the acquisition consisted of a $2,000,000 payment made at closing and a $3,000,000 note payable to the seller. In addition, if the Company reaches certain metrics as defined in the purchase agreement, in the 12-month period following the closing date, the Company shall make a one-time payment of $500,000 as an adjustment to the purchase price. However, due to forecasted net income being negative, the contingent consideration was valued at $0.
The following table summarizes the fair value of the consideration paid and the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on October 17, 2022, the acquisition date.
|
Consideration |
|
|
||
|
Total payments at closing |
$ |
2,000,000 |
|
|
|
Note payable to seller at fair value |
|
2,982,000 |
|
|
|
Contingent consideration at fair value |
|
— |
|
|
|
Fair value of total consideration |
$ |
4,982,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed |
|
|
||
|
Accounts receivable |
$ |
134,259 |
|
|
|
Inventory |
|
1,204,023 |
|
|
|
Prepaids assets |
|
5,543 |
|
|
|
Existing technology |
|
600,000 |
|
|
|
Customer relationships |
|
570,000 |
|
|
|
Tradenames/trademarks |
|
580,000 |
|
|
|
Accounts payable and current liabilities |
|
(349,735 |
) |
|
|
Total identifiable net assets |
$ |
2,744,090 |
|
|
|
Goodwill |
|
2,237,910 |
|
|
|
$ |
4,982,000 |
|
The acquired technology consisted of patented nanobubble technology that produces an aqueous ozone solution that requires no additives, filters, or advanced chemicals. The pure aqueous ozone product is a natural cleaner, sanitizer, and deodorizer produced through the infusion of ozone into water using electricity. The technology was valued using the multi-period excess earnings method. Under this method, the fair value of the asset reflects the present value of the projected stream of net cash flows that will be generated by the asset over the projection period. Key inputs and assumptions in determining the fair value include projected cash flows and the discount rate used to calculate the present value of such cash flows. The developed technology will be amortized over a useful life of 15 years. Customer relationships relate to contracts with distributors that were acquired while the trademarks refer to the predecessor’s trademarks that continue to be used. The trademarks are deemed to have an indefinite life.
F-12
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022
5. Business Combinations (cont.)
The goodwill of $2,237,910 arising from the acquisition consists largely of the synergies, cost savings, and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the acquired assets and the Company and further developing its products. The goodwill is deductible over 15 years for tax purposes.
The purchase price allocation is preliminary and subject to change. The Company has not yet completed its analysis to determine the fair value of inventory, property and equipment and intangibles, and goodwill on the acquisition date. Once this analysis is complete, the Company will adjust, if necessary, the provisional amounts assigned to inventory, property and equipment and intangibles, and goodwill in the accounting period in which the analysis is completed.
6. Fair Value Measurements
ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, establishes a fair value hierarchy for instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and the Company’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.
ASC 820 identifies fair value as the exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between the following:
|
Level 1 — |
Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
|||
|
Level 2 — |
Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. |
|||
|
Level 3 — |
Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions. |
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability. The Company’s carrying amounts reported in the combined balance sheets for cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, and deferred revenue are a reasonable estimate of fair value due to their short-term nature.
7. Inventory
Inventory consists of the following at:
|
September 30, |
June 30, |
|||||||
|
Parts |
$ |
544,425 |
|
$ |
551,264 |
|
||
|
Work in process |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Finished goods |
|
170,510 |
|
|
135,792 |
|
||
|
Inventory reserve |
|
(14,895 |
) |
|
(14,490 |
) |
||
|
Total inventory, net |
$ |
700,040 |
|
$ |
672,116 |
|
||
The Company values inventory at the balance sheet date using the weighted average method. The Company adjusted the inventory reserve to $14,895 for the three months ended September 30, 2023, from $14,940 for the year ended June 30, 2023.
F-13
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022
8. Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses
Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following at:
|
September 30, |
June 30, |
|||||
|
Accounts payable |
$ |
326,215 |
$ |
266,511 |
||
|
Accrued interest |
|
208,248 |
|
152,684 |
||
|
Accrued payroll and related expenses |
|
163,359 |
|
68,026 |
||
|
Accrued commission |
|
6,531 |
|
— |
||
|
Warranty reserve |
|
155,295 |
|
156,333 |
||
|
Accrued credit card expenses |
|
— |
|
— |
||
|
Other accrued expenses |
|
300 |
|
1,073 |
||
|
Total accounts payable and other accrued expenses |
$ |
859,948 |
$ |
644,627 |
||
9. Related Party Transactions
The following due from related party balances were outstanding at:
|
September 30, |
June 30, |
|||||
|
Due to founder – credit card |
$ |
18,601 |
$ |
12,402 |
||
|
Due to founder |
|
208,900 |
|
208,900 |
||
|
Total due to related parties |
$ |
227,501 |
$ |
221,302 |
||
At September 30, 2023, the Company had a short term amount due to Clayton Adams, one of its founders, in the amount of $18,601 for operational expenses paid by a credit card in the founder’s name. This amount was $12,402 as of June 30, 2023. The Company has a verbal agreement with Mr. Adams to pay the credit card charges directly to the issuing financial institution as they become due and is current on these payments.
On October 4, 2022, the Company issued a promissory note to each of Matthew Atkinson, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and Clayton Adam, the Company’s President at such time, in the principal amount of $104,450 each, for a total of $208,900. These notes bear interest at a rate of 5% per annum beginning on the 30th day after issuance and are due on the 60th day following written demand from the holder. The Company has recorded this as a short-term note payable on the balance sheet, due to the demand terms of the agreement, and recorded related accrued interest of $10,330 as of September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2023, the holders have not provided written demand to the Company.
10. Stockholders’ Equity
The Company’s authorized capital stock currently consists of 350,000,000 shares, consisting of (i) 300,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of which 50,000,000 shares are designated class A common stock and 250,000,000 shares are designated as class B common stock; and (ii) 50,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of which 4,000,000 are designated as series seed preferred stock.
Series Seed Preferred Stock
Below is a summary of the terms of the series seed preferred stock.
Ranking. The series seed preferred stock ranks, as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, senior to the common stock.
Liquidation Rights. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company or any deemed liquidation event (as defined in the certificate of designation), before any payment shall be made to the holders of common stock by reason of their ownership thereof, the holders of shares of series seed preferred stock
F-14
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022
10. Stockholders’ Equity (cont.)
shall be entitled to be paid out of the funds and assets available for distribution to its stockholders, an amount per share equal to the greater of (a) $0.25 per share, plus any dividends declared but unpaid thereon, or (b) such amount per share as would have been payable had all shares of series seed preferred stock been converted into class A common stock immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up or deemed liquidation event.
Dividends. All dividends shall be declared pro rata on the common stock and series seed preferred stock on a pari passu basis according to the number of shares of common stock held by such holders. For this purpose, each holder of shares of series seed preferred stock is to be treated as holding the greatest whole number of shares of common stock then issuable upon conversion of all shares of series seed preferred stock held by such holder.
Voting Rights. The holders of series seed preferred stock shall have the right to one vote for each share of class A common stock into which such series seed preferred stock could then be converted, and with respect to such vote, the holders shall have full voting rights and powers equal to the voting rights and powers of the holders of class A common stock, and shall be entitled to vote together with holders of class A common stock with respect to any question upon which holders of class A common stock have the right to vote.
Conversion Rights. Each share of series seed preferred stock shall be convertible at the option of the holder thereof into such number of shares of class A common stock as is determined by dividing $0.25 per share by the conversion price in effect at the time of conversion. The conversion price is initially $0.25 per share (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination, recapitalization, or merger or consolidation). In addition, all outstanding shares of series seed preferred stock shall automatically be converted into shares of common A common stock upon (a) the closing of the sale of shares of class A common stock to the public in a public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (or a qualified offering statement under Regulation A of the Securities Act, as amended), (b) the date that the Company or a successor to the Company becomes an issuer with a class of securities registered under Section 12 or subject to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) and is subject to the periodic and current reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act or is required to file reports under Regulation A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or (c) the date and time, or the occurrence of an event, specified by vote or written consent of holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of series seed preferred stock at the time of such vote or consent, voting as a single class on an as-converted basis.
On September 16, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock at a purchase price of $0.25 per share.
On September 30, 2022, the Company issued 2,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock at a purchase price of $0.25 per share.
On July 16, 2023, the Company issued 1,000,000 shares of class A common stock upon the conversion of 1,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock.
As of September 30, 2023, 3,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock were issued and outstanding.
Common Stock
The Company has two classes of authorized common stock — class A common stock and class B common stock. The rights of the holders of the class A common stock and class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. Each share of class A common stock is entitled to ten votes per share and is convertible into one share of class B common stock. Each share of class B common stock is entitled to one vote per share. All of the outstanding class A common stock is currently held by the Company’s two founders.
On August 26, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of class A common stock at a purchase price of $0.0001 per share.
F-15
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022
10. Stockholders’ Equity (cont.)
On October 14, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate of 603,450 shares of class B common stock at a purchase price of $1.74 per share.
On November 29, 2022, the Company issued 57,471 shares of class B common stock at a purchase price of $1.74 per share.
On November 29, 2022, the Company issued 777,778 shares of class B common stock upon the exercise of a warrant for an aggregate exercise price of $500,000.
On April 1, 2023, the Company issued 17,241 shares of class B common stock to a professional firm in exchange for services at $1.74 per share. Accordingly, stock compensation expense in the amount of $29,999 was recorded by the Company.
On June 1, 2023, an aggregate of 340,000 shares of class A common stock were converted into an aggregate of 340,000 shares of class B common stock.
On July 17, 2023, the Company issued 940,000 shares of class B common stock upon the conversion of 940,000 shares of class A common stock.
On July 24, 2023, the Company issued 370,000 shares of class B common stock upon the conversion of 370,000 shares of class A common stock.
As of September 30, 2023, there were 350,000 shares of class A common stock and 3,105,940 shares of class B common stock issued and outstanding.
2022 Equity Incentive Plan
On September 16, 2022, the Company’s board of directors adopted the Company’s 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, which was adopted by stockholders on November 18, 2022 (the “2022 Plan”), which reserved a total of 1,736,819 shares of class B common stock for issuance. Incentive awards authorized under the 2022 Plan include, but are not limited to, nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance grants intended to comply with Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and stock appreciation rights. If an incentive award granted under the 2022 Plan expires, terminates, is unexercised for forfeited, the surrendered shares will become available for future awards under the 2022 Plan.
The Company’s employees and advisors were awarded options under the 2022 Plan, therefore an allocation of the share-based compensation was made to the Company.
Stock Options
As of September 30, 2023, the Company has issued options to purchase an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of class A common stock at an exercise price of $0.25 per share. In addition, the Company issued options to purchase 770,000 shares of class B common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $2.21 per share under the 2022 Plan. The class A options were fully vested as of the grant date and the class B options have a graded vesting term based on continuous service during the vesting period.
Warrants
On October 14, 2022 and November 29, 2022, the Company issued warrants for the purchase of 42,241 and 4,022 shares of class B common stock, respectively, to a third party as part of their compensation earned. The warrants are exercisable for a period of five years at an exercise price of $1.74 (subject to adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, mergers, consolidations and similar transactions) and may be exercised on a cashless basis. The third party agreed to increase the exercise price of the foregoing warrants to 125% of the potential public offering price per share.
On October 17, 2022, the Company issued a warrant for the purchase of 777,778 shares of class B common stock for an aggregate exercise price of $500,000 to the Parent. On November 29, 2022, the Parent exercised this warrant in full.
F-16
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022
10. Stockholders’ Equity (cont.)
Stock-based Compensation
Stock options and warrants are granted at the fair market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. The Company recognizes compensation expense for these awards using the straight-line recognition method over the vesting period.
The fair value of stock options was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions as of September 30 2023:
|
September 30, |
|||
|
Risk-free interest rate |
3.71 |
% |
|
|
Dividend yield |
0.0 |
% |
|
|
Expected volatility |
53.05 |
% |
|
|
Expected life of awards |
4.8 years |
|
|
The fair value of warrants was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions as of September 30 2023:
|
September 30, |
|||
|
Risk-free interest rate |
4.17 |
% |
|
|
Dividend yield |
0.0 |
% |
|
|
Expected volatility |
57.96 |
% |
|
|
Expected life of awards |
0.4 years |
|
|
The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. government issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the awards. The determination of expected volatility is based on historical volatility of an appropriate industry sector index. The weighted average expected term was estimated for options based on the vesting schedule of the awards. The term for warrants is based on the contractual term of the warrants. The weighted-average fair value of total awards granted during the period ended September 30, 2023 was $1.35.
The information presented in the following table represents the awards granted and outstanding during the period:
|
Warrants |
Stock |
Weighted |
Weighted |
|||||||
|
Beginning balance |
— |
|
— |
— |
$ |
— |
||||
|
Granted |
824,041 |
|
— |
0.44 |
|
0.69 |
||||
|
Granted |
— |
|
2,770,000 |
4.77 |
|
0.51 |
||||
|
Canceled |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
||||
|
Forfeited |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
||||
|
Exercised |
(777,778 |
) |
— |
— |
|
0.61 |
||||
|
Outstanding, June 30, 2023 (2,266,819 shares exercisable) |
46,263 |
|
2,770,000 |
5.01 |
$ |
0.59 |
||||
|
Granted |
— |
|
— |
— |
$ |
— |
||||
|
Canceled |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
||||
|
Forfeited |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
— |
||||
|
Outstanding, September 30, 2023 (2,368,485 shares exercisable) |
46,263 |
|
2,770,000 |
5.01 |
$ |
0.59 |
||||
F-17
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022
10. Stockholders’ Equity (cont.)
No cash awards were exercised during the three-month period ended September 30, 2023. Total stock compensation expense recognized during the three-month period ended September 30, 2023 consists of $63,960 related to stock options and $0 of warrants. In addition, $42,835 of warrants issued to underwriters were recorded as an offset to equity as of June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2033, total unrecognized stock compensation expense was $275,992 with the weighted average period over which it is expected to be recognized of 3.17 years.
11. Net loss per share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and dilutive net loss per share of Class A and Class B stock:
|
Three Months Ended |
||||||||
|
Class A |
Class B |
|||||||
|
Basic and diluted net loss per share: |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Numerator |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Allocation of undistributed loss |
$ |
(58,989 |
) |
$ |
(378,305 |
) |
||
|
Denominator |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Weighted average number of shares used in per share computation |
|
443,956 |
|
|
2,847,149 |
|
||
|
Basic and diluted net loss per share |
$ |
(0.13 |
) |
$ |
(0.13 |
) |
||
12. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. The Company is currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that it believes will have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or operating results.
Retirement Plans
The Successor does not maintain a defined contribution plan or any other type of retirement plan for its employees.
For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Predecessor maintained a defined contribution 401(k) plan available to eligible employees. Employee contributions are voluntary and are determined on an individual basis, limited to the maximum amount allowable under federal tax regulations. Matching contributions to the 401(k) plan are made for certain eligible employees to meet the non- discrimination provisions of the plan. During this period, the Predecessor made a contributions of $1,512.
Leases
The Company has a non-cancellable operating lease commitment for its office facility expiring in 2028. Rent expense totaled $28,813 for the three month period ended September 30, 2023.
The following table discloses the lease cost, discount rate, and remaining lease term for operating leases as of September 30, 2023:
|
September 30, |
||||
|
Operating lease cost |
$ |
28,813 |
|
|
|
Remaining lease term |
|
4.4 years |
|
|
|
Discount rate |
|
6.00 |
% |
|
F-18
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022
12. Commitments and Contingencies (cont.)
The discount rate was determined using the Company’s external debt and was adjusted for collateralization, term and lease amount.
The following table discloses the undiscounted cash flows on an annual basis and a reconciliation of the undiscounted cash flows of operating lease liabilities recognized in the balance sheet as of September 30, 2023:
|
2024 (remainder of year) |
$ |
85,909 |
|
|
|
2025 |
|
117,086 |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
120,013 |
|
|
|
2027 |
|
123,014 |
|
|
|
2028 |
|
83,364 |
|
|
|
Total undiscounted cash flows |
|
529,386 |
|
|
|
Less amount representing interest |
|
(64,133 |
) |
|
|
Present value of lease liabilities |
|
465,254 |
|
|
|
Less current portion |
|
(90,026 |
) |
|
|
Noncurrent lease liabilities |
$ |
375,227 |
|
13. Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated events subsequent to September 30, 2023, to assess the need for potential recognition or disclosure. Such events were evaluated through November 29, 2023, the date these condensed financial statements were available to be issued. The following were noted:
In October 2023, the Company amended its office facility lease to include additional space which will commence on December 1, 2023. The amendment will result in recognizing additional ROU assets and lease liabilities of approximately $172,072.
F-19

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and
Stockholders of CleanCore Solutions, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of CleanCore Solutions, Inc. (the Company) as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the related statements of operations, stockholders’ equity (deficit), and cash flows for the year ended June 30, 2022 and for the period from July 1, 2022 to October 16, 2022 (Predecessor) and the period from October 17, 2022 to June 30, 2023 (Successor), and the related notes (collectively referred to as the financial statements). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the period ended June 30, 2022, and for the period from July 1, 2022 to October 16, 2022 (Predecessor) and the period from October 17, 2022 to June 30, 2023 (Successor), in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Substantial Doubt About the Company’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations, negative cash flows from operations and has an accumulated deficit. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans in regard to these matters also are described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2022.
Diamond Bar, CA
October 10, 2023
F-21
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
BALANCE SHEETS
|
As of June 30, |
||||||||
|
2023 |
2022 |
|||||||
|
Assets |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Current assets: |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Cash |
$ |
393,194 |
|
$ |
263,506 |
|
||
|
Accounts receivable, net |
|
233,560 |
|
|
302,638 |
|
||
|
Inventory, net |
|
672,116 |
|
|
1,000,874 |
|
||
|
Due from related parties |
|
— |
|
|
102,804 |
|
||
|
Deferred offering costs |
|
302,755 |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
|
135,666 |
|
|
62,224 |
|
||
|
Total current assets |
|
1,737,291 |
|
|
1,732,046 |
|
||
|
Property and equipment, net |
|
1,197 |
|
|
27,635 |
|
||
|
Right of use assets |
|
466,661 |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Intangibles |
|
1,640,919 |
|
|
4,626 |
|
||
|
Goodwill |
|
2,237,910 |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Other assets |
|
9,440 |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Total assets |
$ |
6,093,418 |
|
$ |
1,764,307 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Current liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
$ |
644,627 |
|
$ |
248,575 |
|
||
|
Lease liability – current |
|
87,985 |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Note payable |
|
2,994,750 |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Due to related parties |
|
221,302 |
|
|
7,523,471 |
|
||
|
Total current liabilities |
|
3,948,664 |
|
|
7,772,046 |
|
||
|
Lease liability – non current |
|
398,540 |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Other liabilities |
|
— |
|
|
1,278 |
|
||
|
Total liabilities |
|
4,347,204 |
|
|
7,773,324 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Members’ capital |
|
— |
|
|
2,215,916 |
|
||
|
Series Seed Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 4,000,000 shares authorized; 4,000,000 shares issued and outstanding |
|
400 |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Class A Common stock; $0.0001 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized; 660,000 shares issued and outstanding |
|
66 |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Class B Common stock; $0.0001 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized; 1,795,940 shares issued and outstanding |
|
180 |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Additional paid-in capital |
|
6,768,775 |
|
|
— |
|
||
|
Accumulated deficit |
|
(5,023,207 |
) |
|
(8,224,933 |
) |
||
|
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) |
|
1,746,214 |
|
|
(6,009,017 |
) |
||
|
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) |
$ |
6,093,418 |
|
$ |
1,764,307 |
|
||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-22
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
|
Period from |
Period from |
Year ended June 30, |
||||||||||
|
Revenue |
$ |
1,938,366 |
|
$ |
502,990 |
|
$ |
2,648,005 |
|
|||
|
Cost of sales (exclusive of depreciation shown separately below) |
|
1,359,401 |
|
|
351,740 |
|
|
1,937,105 |
|
|||
|
Gross profit |
|
578,965 |
|
|
151,250 |
|
|
710,900 |
|
|||
|
Operating expenses: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
General and administrative |
|
5,420,042 |
|
|
334,812 |
|
|
928,251 |
|
|||
|
Advertising expense |
|
14,944 |
|
|
4,621 |
|
|
30,882 |
|
|||
|
Depreciation expense |
|
63 |
|
|
6,143 |
|
|
18,317 |
|
|||
|
Loss from operations |
|
(4,856,084 |
) |
|
(194,326 |
) |
|
(266,550 |
) |
|||
|
Interest expense |
|
167,123 |
|
|
125,738 |
|
|
275,061 |
|
|||
|
Net loss |
$ |
(5,023,207 |
) |
$ |
(320,064 |
) |
$ |
(541,611 |
) |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Net loss per share Class A and Class B stock, basic and diluted |
$ |
(2.18 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per Class A share, basic and diluted |
|
967,987 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
Weighted average shares used in computing net loss per Class B share, basic and diluted |
|
1,334,414 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-23
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
|
|
Class A |
Class B |
Additional |
Members’ |
Accumulated |
Total |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Shares |
Amount |
Shares |
Amount |
Shares |
Amount |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Predecessor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Balance at July 1, 2021 |
— |
$ |
— |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
— |
$ |
— |
$ |
— |
$ |
1,941,027 |
$ |
(7,683,322 |
) |
$ |
(5,742,295 |
) |
||||||||||
|
Imputed interest |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
274,889 |
|
— |
|
|
274,889 |
|
||||||||||
|
Net loss for the year |
— |
$ |
— |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(541,611 |
) |
|
(541,611 |
) |
||||||||||
|
Balance at June 30, 2022 |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
$ |
2,215,916 |
$ |
(8,224,933 |
) |
$ |
(6,009,017 |
) |
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Predecessor |
|
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Balance at July 1, 2022 |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
2,215,916 |
|
(8,224,933 |
) |
|
(6,009,017 |
) |
||||||||||
|
Imputed interest |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
125,728 |
|
— |
|
|
125,728 |
|
||||||||||
|
Net loss for the period |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(320,064 |
) |
|
(320,064 |
) |
||||||||||
|
Balance at October 16, 2022 |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
— |
$ |
— |
|
— |
$ |
2,341,644 |
$ |
(8,544,997 |
) |
$ |
(6,203,354 |
) |
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Successor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Balance at October 17, 2022 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Issuance of series seed preferred stock |
4,000,000 |
$ |
400 |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
— |
$ |
— |
|
999,600 |
$ |
— |
$ |
— |
|
$ |
1,000,000 |
|
||||||||||
|
Issuance of class A common stock |
— |
|
— |
1,000,000 |
|
|
100 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
100 |
|
||||||||||
|
Issuance of class B common stock |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
|
— |
|
660,921 |
|
66 |
|
1,152,156 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
1,152,222 |
|
||||||||||
|
Conversion of class A common stock into class B common stock |
— |
|
— |
(340,000 |
) |
|
(34 |
) |
340,000 |
|
34 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
||||||||||
|
Issuance of class B common stock upon exercise of warrants |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
|
— |
|
777,778 |
|
78 |
|
497,700 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
497,778 |
|
||||||||||
|
Warrants issued to consultants for services |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
857,889 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
857,889 |
|
||||||||||
|
Stock based compensation – officers |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
3,082,000 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
3,082,000 |
|
||||||||||
|
Stock based compensation – third party |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
|
— |
|
17,241 |
|
2 |
|
29,997 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
29,999 |
|
||||||||||
|
Sock based compensation – 2022 |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
149,433 |
|
— |
|
— |
|
|
149,433 |
|
||||||||||
|
Net loss for the period |
— |
|
— |
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
|
(5,023,207 |
) |
|
(5,023,207 |
) |
||||||||||
|
Balance at June 30, 2023 |
4,000,000 |
$ |
400 |
660,000 |
|
$ |
66 |
|
1,795,940 |
$ |
180 |
$ |
6,768,775 |
$ |
— |
$ |
(5,023,207 |
) |
$ |
1,746,214 |
|
||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-24
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
|
October 17, |
June 30, |
June 30, |
||||||||||
|
Cash flows from operating activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Net loss |
$ |
(5,023,207 |
) |
$ |
(320,064 |
) |
$ |
(541,611 |
) |
|||
|
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
109,144 |
|
|
6,420 |
|
|
19,425 |
|
|||
|
Accretion of note payable discount |
|
12,750 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|||
|
Non cash interest expense |
|
152,684 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|||
|
Stock based compensation |
|
4,119,321 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|||
|
Non cash lease expense |
|
19,864 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|||
|
Imputed interest |
|
— |
|
|
125,728 |
|
|
274,889 |
|
|||
|
Provision for bad debt and write-off of on uncollectable accounts |
|
8,641 |
|
|
9,772 |
|
|
36,316 |
|
|||
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Accounts receivable |
|
(107,942 |
) |
|
101,423 |
|
|
(187,758 |
) |
|||
|
Inventory |
|
475,009 |
|
|
(157,596 |
) |
|
(170,243 |
) |
|||
|
Due from related parties, net |
|
— |
|
|
4,686 |
|
|
(1,512 |
) |
|||
|
Prepaid expenses |
|
(139,563 |
) |
|
4,747 |
|
|
11,777 |
|
|||
|
Deferred revenue |
|
— |
|
|
63,701 |
|
|
— |
|
|||
|
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |
|
136,429 |
|
|
43,932 |
|
|
54,413 |
|
|||
|
Net cash used in operating activities |
|
(236,870 |
) |
|
(117,251 |
) |
|
(504,304 |
) |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Investing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Purchase of property and equipment |
|
(1,260 |
) |
|
— |
|
|
(35,033 |
) |
|||
|
Cash used in acquisition |
|
(2,000,000 |
) |
|
(7,882 |
) |
|
— |
|
|||
|
Net cash used in investing activities |
|
(2,001,260 |
) |
|
(7,882 |
) |
|
(35,033 |
) |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Financing activities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Proceeds from issuance of series seed preferred stock |
|
1,000,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|||
|
Proceeds from issuance of class A common stock |
|
100 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|||
|
Proceeds from issuance of class B common stock |
|
1,650,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|||
|
Payments from issuance of loans from related parties |
|
208,900 |
|
|
164,917 |
|
|
751,079 |
|
|||
|
Payments for deferred offering costs |
|
(227,676 |
) |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|||
|
Repayments of long term debt |
|
— |
|
|
(1,278 |
) |
|
(3,673 |
) |
|||
|
Repayments of loans due to related parties |
|
— |
|
|
(288,861 |
) |
|
(80,000 |
) |
|||
|
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |
|
2,631,324 |
|
|
(125,222 |
) |
|
667,406 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash |
|
393,194 |
|
|
(250,355 |
) |
|
128,069 |
|
|||
|
Cash at beginning of year |
|
— |
|
|
263,506 |
|
|
135,437 |
|
|||
|
Cash at the end of year |
$ |
393,194 |
|
$ |
13,151 |
|
$ |
263,506 |
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Supplementary cash flow disclosure |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||
|
Interest paid |
$ |
14,438 |
|
$ |
10 |
|
$ |
171 |
|
|||
|
Unpaid deferred offering costs |
$ |
75,079 |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
|||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
F-25
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 AND 2022
1. Organization and Business
CC Acquisition Corp. was incorporated in the State of Nevada on August 23, 2022 for the sole purpose of acquiring substantially all of the assets of CleanCore Solutions, LLC, TetraClean Systems, LLC, and Food Safety Technologies, LLC, pursuant to an asset purchase agreement entered into by CC Acquisition Corp. with these three entities and their owners on October 17, 2022. On November 21, 2022, CC Acquisition Corp. changed its name to CleanCore Solutions, Inc. (“the Company” or “Successor”). Since the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of each of CleanCore Solutions, LLC, TetraClean Systems, LLC, and Food Safety Technologies, LLC, the business of these three entities is now operated by the Company, with no subsidiaries. The combined results of CleanCore Solutions, LLC, TetraClean Systems, LLC and Food Safety Technologies, LLC presented in these financial statements represent the predecessor entity of the Company (“Predecessor”).
The Company specializes in the development and manufacturing of cleaning products that produce pure aqueous ozone products for professional, industrial, or home use. The Company has a patented nanobubble technology using aqueous ozone that it believes is highly effective in cleaning, sanitizing, and deodorizing surfaces and high-touch areas.
The Company offers products and solutions that are marketed for janitorial and sanitation, ice machine cleaning, laundry, and industrial industries. Its products are used in many types of environments including retail establishments, distribution centers, factories, warehouses, restaurants, schools and universities, airports, healthcare, food service, and commercial buildings such as offices, malls, and stores.
The headquarters, principal address and records of the Company are located at 5920 South 118th Circle, Suite 2, Omaha, Nebraska.
Liquidity
The Company has incurred losses and negative cash flows from operations. From acquisition through June 30, 2023, the Company has financed its operations primarily through investor funding. As of June 30, 2023, the Company, excluding Predecessor period July 1, 2022 through October 16, 2022, had cash of $393,194, a net loss of $5,023,207 and used cash of $236,870 for operating activities. In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements — Going Concern, management is required to perform a two-step analysis over the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management must first evaluate whether there are conditions and events that raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of 12 months from the date the combined financial statements are issued. If management concludes that substantial doubt is raised, management is also required to consider whether its plans alleviate that doubt.
Management has evaluated the adverse conditions noted above and although the adverse conditions were expected due primarily to the fact that the Company is in early stages of growth and transformation, the conditions have raised substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.
As noted above, the Company was formed in August 2022 and completed the acquisition in October 2022. Since the acquisition, the Company has invested in further developing the Company’s products, hiring key personnel, and engaging third party experts such as accountants and underwriters with the intention of listing its class B common stock on a national securities exchange, however, there can be no assurances to that effect. Therefore, management’s plan is to raise capital through the offering to alleviate the substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company notes that the offering is expected to provide the Company with sufficient funds to meet its obligations as they become due, well beyond the 12-month period from the date the combined financial statements are issued. As such, the Company notes that management’s plans, when implemented, will alleviate the substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
The Company may, however, in the future require additional cash resources due to changing business conditions, implementation of its strategy to expand the business, or other investments or acquisitions it may decide to pursue. If the Company’s financial resources are insufficient to satisfy its capital requirements, it may seek to sell additional funding through the issuance of our securities in debt and/or equity financings.
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis under which the Company is expected to be able to realize its assets and satisfy its liabilities in the normal course of business.
F-26
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 AND 2022
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Consolidation
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The financial statements of the Company (Successor) are presented since the date of acquisition (October 17, 2022) through the period ended June 30, 2023.
The results of the Predecessor represent the combined financial statements of the accounts of CleanCore Solutions, LLC, TetraClean Systems, LLC and Food Safety Technologies, LLC. These combined financial statements include the accompanying combined balance sheet, combined statements of operations, combined statement of members’ equity and combined statement of cash flows as of and for the year ended June 30, 2022, and the combined statements of operation, combined statement of members’ equity and combined statement of cash flows for the period July 1, 2022 through October 16, 2022. All intercompany balances and transactions among the combined entities have been eliminated. In the opinion of predecessor management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Company’s and Predecessor’s financial statements require management to make estimates and assumptions that impact the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and expenses and the disclosure in the Company’s combined financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. By their nature, estimates are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty and, as such, actual results may differ from management’s estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions made by the Company are allowance for bad debt, useful lives of fixed assets, warranty liabilities, and allowance for inventory obsolescence.
Risks and Uncertainties
The Company is subject to a number of risks similar to other early-stage companies including, but not limited to, profitability, the need for additional financing to achieve its business strategy, ability to obtain regulatory approval, significant competition, and dependence on key individuals.
Cash
Cash consists of cash in readily available checking accounts. Cash is recorded at cost, which approximates fair value. As of June 30, 2023 (Successor) and June 30, 2022 (Predecessor), cash balances were deposited at a major financial institution. Cash balances are subject to minimal credit risk as the balances are with high credit quality financial institutions.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to significant concentration of credit risk, consist of cash. The Company maintains deposits in federally insured financial institutions in excess of respective insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and management believes that the Company is not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which those deposits are held.
The Company had two customers that accounted for a total of 66% of its revenues for the year ended June 30, 2023 and the Predecessor had the same two customers that accounted for a total 62% of its revenue for the year ended June 30, 2022. Collateral is not required for customer accounts receivable balances. The Company maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts as described in “Accounts Receivable” below. The Company had one customer that accounted for 43% of total accounts receivable at June 30, 2023. The Predecessor had two customers that accounted for 32% of total accounts receivable at June 30, 2022.
F-27
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 AND 2022
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)
Accounts Receivable
Accounts receivable is comprised of trade accounts receivables from the Company’s customers. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company established an allowance for bad debt of accounts receivables based on a percentage assigned to aged days outstanding categories. The Predecessor established the allowance for bad debt based on various factors including credit profiles of the Company’s customers, historical payments, outstanding balances and current economic trends, and performed this analysis periodically. The Company and its Predecessor recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,419 and $16,045 as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively.
Inventory
Inventory consists of parts, work in progress and finished goods. The Company and its Predecessor value parts and finished goods at the lower of the actual costs or net realizable value. The Company and its Predecessor value work in progress at cost. The Company and Predecessor periodically review inventory for obsolete and potentially impaired items. As of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, the Company and Predecessor had an allowance for inventory obsolescence of $14,940 and $94,425, respectively.
Leases
The Company accounts for leases in accordance with ASC Topic 842 (Topic 842), Leases. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. The lease liability is measured as the present value of the unpaid lease payments, and the right-of-use asset value is derived from the calculation of the lease liability. Operating leases are included in right-of-use assets, current lease liabilities, and noncurrent lease liabilities in the balance sheet.
Lease payments include fixed and in-substance fixed payments, variable payments based on an index or rate, reasonably certain purchase options, termination penalties, and probable amounts the lessee will owe under a residual value guarantee. Variable lease payments are recognized as lease expenses as incurred, and generally relate to variable payments made based on the level of services provided by the landlords of our leases. Lease expense for operating lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term within general and administrative expenses in the statement of operations.
The Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate, which is derived from information available at the lease commencement date, in determining the present value of lease payments because the Company does not have the information necessary to determine the rate implicit in the lease. The Company’s lease term includes any option to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain to be exercised based on consideration of all relevant factors. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheets and the Company recognizes lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Business Combinations
Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The fair value of total purchase consideration is allocated to the fair values of identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the remaining amount being classified as goodwill. All assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired or assumed in a business combination are recorded at their fair values at the date of acquisition. Determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed requires management to use significant judgment and estimates including the selection of valuation methodologies, estimates of future revenue and cash flows, discount rates, and selection of comparable companies. Estimates of fair value are based on assumptions believed to be reasonable, but are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from those estimates. During the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, the Company may record adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with a corresponding offset to goodwill. At the conclusion of the measurement period, any
F-28
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 AND 2022
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)
subsequent adjustments are reflected in the statements of operations. Transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred and are included in general and administrative expenses in the Company’s statements of operations.
Intangible Assets
Intangible assets primarily consist of existing technology, customer relationships, and trademarks obtained as a result of the acquisition on October 17, 2022. Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized based on their pattern of economic benefit over their estimated useful lives and reviewed periodically for impairment. The Company’s trademarks are deemed to have an indefinite life. The estimated useful life of the acquired technology is 15 years while the estimated useful life of the customer relationships is 5 years.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets consist primarily of property and equipment and intangible assets. Long-lived assets are tested for impairment when events and circumstances indicate the assets might be impaired by first comparing the estimated future undiscounted cash flows of the asset or asset group to the carrying value. If the carrying value exceeds the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, an impairment loss is recognized based on the amount that the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group. The Company and its Predecessor did not recognize impairment losses during the periods ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Deferred Offering Costs
In accordance with ASC 340-10-S99-1 and SEC Accounting Bulletin Topic 5A, specific incremental costs incurred by the Company directly attributable to a proposed offering of securities have been deferred and will be charged against the gross proceeds of the offering. These offering costs include fees paid to underwriters, attorney, accountants as well as printers and other third parties directly related to the offering. Costs such as management salaries or other general administrative expenses that are not incremental to the offering are not included in the deferred costs. For the period ended June 30, 2023, the Company had $302,755 of deferred offering costs.
Patent Costs
Costs related to filing and pursuing patent applications are expensed as incurred, as recoverability of such expenditures is uncertain. These costs are included in general and administrative expenses.
Advertising Costs
The Company reports as expense the cost of advertising and promoting its services as incurred. Such amounts are included in sales and marketing expenses in the statement of operation and totaled $14,944 for the period ended June 30, 2023, and $4,621 and $31,227 for the period and year ended October 16, 2022 and June 30, 2022, respectively.
Stock-based Compensation
Compensation expense is recognized for all share-based payments to employees and nonemployees, including stock options and warrants, in the statements of operation based on the fair value of the awards that are granted. The Company’s stock price at the date of grant was estimated using an acceptable valuation technique such as the probability-weighted expected return model. The fair value of stock options is estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Generally, measured compensation cost, net of actual forfeitures, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period of the related share-based compensation award. The Company accounts for forfeitures of stock-based awards as they occur.
F-29
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 AND 2022
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)
Revenue Recognition
The Company generates revenues from sales of its products and recognizes revenue as control of its products is transferred to its customers, which is generally at the time of shipment based on the contractual terms with the Company’s customers.
The Company provides customer programs and incentive offerings, including growth incentives and volume-based incentives. These customer programs and incentives are considered variable consideration. The Company includes in revenue variable consideration only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the variable consideration is resolved. This determination is made based upon known customer program and incentive offerings at the time of sale, and expected sales volume forecasts as it relates to the Company’s volume-based incentives. This determination is updated every reporting period. For the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, customer growth and volume-based incentives were minimal.
Certain product sales include a 2-year manufacturer’s warranty that provides the customer with assurance that the product performs as intended. Such warranties are assurance-type warranties and are accounted for as contingencies under ASC 460-10. Refer to Note 9 for warranty reserve.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income tax on the basis of the tax laws enacted at the balance sheet date in accordance with FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes. The income tax accounting guidance results in two components of income tax expense: current and deferred. Current income tax expense reflects taxes to be paid or refunded for the current period by applying the provisions of the enacted tax law to the taxable income or excess of deductions over revenues. The Company determines deferred income taxes using the liability (or balance sheet) method. Under this method, the net deferred tax asset or liability is based on the tax effects of the differences between the book and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and enacted changes in tax rates and laws are recognized in the period in which they occur. Deferred income tax expense results from changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities between periods. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of evidence available, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of a deferred tax asset will not be realized.
Tax positions are recognized if it is more-likely-than-not, based on technical merits, that the tax position will be realized or sustained upon examination. The term “more-likely-than-not” means a likelihood of more than 50%. The terms examined and upon examination also include resolution of the related appeals or litigation processes, if any. A tax position that meets the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold is initially and subsequently measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The determination of whether or not a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold considers the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date and is subject to management’s judgment.
Each of the entities of the Predecessor were limited liability companies with pass-through tax status, thus not subject to federal and state taxation.
Net Loss per Share of Common Stock
Basic net loss per class A and class B common share is calculated by dividing the net loss distributed to class A and class B, respectively, by the weighted-average number of common shares of each respective class outstanding during the period, without consideration for potentially dilutive securities. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, stock options and warrants are considered to be potentially dilutive securities. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has issued options to purchase an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of class A common stock and options to purchase 770,000 shares of class B common stock. Additionally, as of June 30, 2023 the Company has issued warrants for
F-30
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 AND 2022
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)
the purchase of a total of 46,263 shares of class B common stock. Because the Company has reported a net loss for the period ended June 30, 2023, diluted net loss per common share is the same as basic net loss per common share for the period.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The standard simplifies the accounting for income taxes, eliminates certain exceptions within ASC 740, Income Taxes, and clarifies certain aspects of the current guidance to promote consistency among reporting entities. The new guidance became effective for the Company as of October 17, 2022, and its adoption has not had a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The standard amends the impairment model by requiring entities to use a forward-looking approach based on expected losses to estimate credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that aren’t measured at fair value through net income. For available-for-sale debt securities, entities will be required to recognize an allowance for credit losses rather than a reduction in carrying value of the asset. Entities will no longer be permitted to consider the length of time that fair value has been less than amortized cost when evaluating when credit losses should be recognized. This new guidance became effective for the Company as of July 1, 2022, and its adoption has not had a material impact on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.
3. Disaggregated Revenue
The following table disaggregates revenue by product category for the following periods ended:
|
October 17, |
July 1, 2022 |
July 1, 2021 |
|||||||
|
Janitorial and Sanitation |
$ |
1,732,611 |
$ |
369,089 |
$ |
2,441,038 |
|||
|
Ice System |
|
30,195 |
|
16,744 |
|
43,348 |
|||
|
Commercial and Residential Laundry |
|
5,016 |
|
6,444 |
|
5,405 |
|||
|
Sanitizing and Disinfecting Tablets |
|
3,140 |
|
160 |
|
5,445 |
|||
|
Other |
|
167,404 |
|
110,553 |
|
152,759 |
|||
|
Total revenue |
$ |
1,938,366 |
$ |
502,990 |
$ |
2,648,005 |
|||
The “Other” category of revenue consists primarily of sales of parts, accessories, shipping and handling, and equipment rental income.
4. Accounts Receivable, net
Accounts receivable, net consists of the following at:
|
June 30, |
June 30, |
|||||||
|
Trade accounts receivable |
$ |
237,979 |
|
$ |
318,682 |
|
||
|
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
|
(4,419 |
) |
|
(16,044 |
) |
||
|
Total accounts receivable, net |
$ |
233,560 |
|
$ |
302,638 |
|
||
F-31
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 AND 2022
5. Business Combinations
On October 17, 2022, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of the Predecessor and accounted for this transaction as a business combination under ASC 805 as it falls under the definition. The purpose of the transaction was to acquire and further develop and manufacture patented cleaning products. Total consideration for the acquisition consisted of a $2,000,000 payment made at closing and a $3,000,000 note payable, bearing interest at 7% per annum, to the seller. In addition, if the Company reaches certain metrics as defined in the purchase agreement, in the 12-month period following the closing date, the Company shall make a one-time payment of $500,000 as an adjustment to the purchase price. However, due to forecasted net income being negative, the contingent consideration was valued at $0.
The following table summarizes the fair value of the consideration paid and the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on October 17, 2022, the acquisition date.
|
Consideration |
|
|
||
|
Total payments at closing |
$ |
2,000,000 |
|
|
|
Note payable to seller at fair value |
|
2,982,000 |
|
|
|
Contingent consideration at fair value |
|
— |
|
|
|
Fair value of total consideration |
$ |
4,982,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Recognized amounts of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed |
|
|
||
|
Accounts receivable |
$ |
134,259 |
|
|
|
Inventory |
|
1,204,023 |
|
|
|
Prepaids assets |
|
5,543 |
|
|
|
Existing technology |
|
600,000 |
|
|
|
Customer relationships |
|
570,000 |
|
|
|
Tradenames/trademarks |
|
580,000 |
|
|
|
Accounts payable and current liabilities |
|
(349,735 |
) |
|
|
Total identifiable net assets |
$ |
2,744,090 |
|
|
|
Goodwill |
|
2,237,910 |
|
|
|
$ |
4,982,000 |
|
The acquired technology consisted of patented nanobubble technology that produces an aqueous ozone solution that requires no additives, filters, or advanced chemicals. The pure aqueous ozone product is a natural cleaner, sanitizer, and deodorizer produced through the infusion of ozone into water using electricity. The technology was valued using the multi-period excess earnings method. Under this method, the fair value of the asset reflects the present value of the projected stream of net cash flows that will be generated by the asset over the projection period. Key inputs and assumptions in determining the fair value include projected cash flows and the discount rate used to calculate the present value of such cash flows. The developed technology will be amortized over a useful life of 15 years. Customer relationships relate to contracts with distributors that were acquired while the trademarks refer to the predecessor’s trademarks that continue to be used. The trademarks are deemed to have an indefinite life.
The goodwill of $2,237,910 arising from the acquisition consists largely of the synergies, cost savings, and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the acquired assets and the Company and further developing its products. The goodwill is deductible over 15 years for tax purposes.
The purchase price allocation is preliminary and subject to change. The Company has not yet completed its analysis to determine the fair value of inventory, property and equipment and intangibles, and goodwill on the acquisition date. Once this analysis is complete, the Company will adjust, if necessary, the provisional amounts assigned to inventory, property and equipment and intangibles, and goodwill in the accounting period in which the analysis is completed. The Company incurred $31,676 of acquisition-related costs which have been recorded within general and administrative expenses in the statement of operations for the period ended June 30, 2023.
F-32
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 AND 2022
6. Fair Value Measurements
ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, establishes a fair value hierarchy for instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and the Company’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.
ASC 820 identifies fair value as the exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between the following:
|
Level 1 — |
Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
|||
|
Level 2 — |
Inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. |
|||
|
Level 3 — |
Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market data, which requires the Company to develop its own assumptions. |
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are classified in their entirety based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires management to make judgments and consider factors specific to the asset or liability. The Company’s financial assets are subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis. The Company’s remaining carrying amounts reported in the combined balance sheets of these financial assets are a reasonable estimate of fair value due to their short-term nature.
7. Inventory
Inventory consists of the following at:
|
June 30, |
June 30, |
|||||||
|
Parts |
$ |
551,264 |
|
$ |
725,576 |
|
||
|
Work in process |
|
— |
|
|
76,176 |
|
||
|
Finished goods |
|
135,792 |
|
|
293,547 |
|
||
|
Inventory reserve |
|
(14,940 |
) |
|
(94,425 |
) |
||
|
Total inventory, net |
$ |
672,116 |
|
$ |
1,000,874 |
|
||
The Company values inventory at the balance sheet date using the weighted average method. The Company recorded an inventory reserve of $14,940 and $94,425 for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
F-33
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 AND 2022
8. Property and Equipment, Net
Property and equipment, net, consist of the following at:
|
June 30, |
June 30, |
|||||||
|
Equipment |
$ |
— |
|
$ |
238,464 |
|
||
|
Vehicles |
|
— |
|
|
10,623 |
|
||
|
Furniture and fixtures |
|
1,260 |
|
|
43,033 |
|
||
|
Total |
|
— |
|
|
306,720 |
|
||
|
Less: accumulated depreciation |
|
(63 |
) |
|
(279,085 |
) |
||
|
Total property and equipment, net |
$ |
1,197 |
|
$ |
27,635 |
|
||
Depreciation expense related to property and equipment was $63 and 18,317 for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
9. Accounts Payable and Accrued Expenses
Accounts payable and accrued expenses consist of the following at:
|
June 30, |
June 30, |
|||||
|
Accounts payable |
$ |
266,511 |
$ |
120,505 |
||
|
Accrued interest |
|
152,684 |
|
— |
||
|
Accrued payroll and related expenses |
|
68,026 |
|
— |
||
|
Accrued commission |
|
— |
|
— |
||
|
Warranty reserve |
|
156,333 |
|
85,348 |
||
|
Accrued credit card expenses |
|
— |
|
42,722 |
||
|
Other accrued expenses |
|
1,073 |
|
— |
||
|
Total accounts payable and other accrued expenses |
$ |
644,627 |
$ |
248,575 |
||
10. Related Party Transactions
The following due from related party balances were outstanding at:
|
June 30, |
June 30, |
|||||
|
Due from related party |
$ |
— |
$ |
102,807 |
||
The following due to related party balances were outstanding at:
|
June 30, |
June 30, |
|||||
|
Due to Parent |
$ |
— |
$ |
2,944,292 |
||
|
Due to subsidiary of Parent |
|
— |
|
4,579,179 |
||
|
Due to founder – credit card |
|
12,402 |
|
— |
||
|
Due to founders |
|
208,900 |
|
— |
||
|
Total due to related parties |
$ |
221,302 |
$ |
7,523,471 |
||
F-34
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 AND 2022
10. Related Party Transactions (cont.)
At June 30, 2023, the Company had a short term amount due to Clayton Adams, one of its founders, in the amount of $12,402 for operational expenses paid by a credit card in his name. The Company has a verbal agreement with Mr. Adams to pay the credit card charges directly to the issuing financial institution as they become due and is current on these payments.
On October 4, 2022, the Company issued a promissory note to each of Matthew Atkinson, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, and Clayton Adam, the Company’s President at such time, in the principal amount of $104,450 each for a total of $208,900. These notes bear interest at a rate of 5% per annum beginning on the 30th day after issuance and are due on the 60th day following written demand from the holder. The Company has recorded this as a short-term note payable on the balance sheet, due to the demand terms of the agreement, and recorded related accrued interest of $7,698 as of June 30, 2023. As of June 30, 2023, the holders have not provided written demand to the Company.
The Successor did not assume any of the Predecessor’s liabilities to its parent, Burlington Solutions, LLC (the “Parent”), or the subsidiary of the Parent as part of the acquisition purchase agreement.
Predecessor Due to Parent and subsidiary of Parent represents funding provided to the Predecessor for operating costs and acquisition costs. The funds were unsecured with no formal payment terms. As no formal payment terms existed, the Company calculated and expensed imputed interest on the borrowings, based on Prime rate. For the year ended June 30, 2022, the Predecessor recorded $274,889 in imputed interest. The Predecessor repaid amounts as cash was available. Total amounts repaid to Parent during 2022 were $80,000. No amounts were paid to the Parent’s subsidiary in 2022.
The Predecessor also paid the Parent for use of facilities in Omaha. Nebraska. These amounts are recorded as rent expense by Predecessor in the amounts of $9,632 and $28,936 for the period July 1, 2022 through October 16, 2022 and for the year ended June 30, 2022, respectively.
11. Stockholders’ Equity
The Company’s authorized capital stock currently consists of 350,000,000 shares, consisting of (i) 300,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of which 50,000,000 shares are designated class A common stock and 250,000,000 shares are designated as class B common stock; and (ii) 50,000,000 shares of “blank check” preferred stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of which 4,000,000 are designated as series seed preferred stock.
Series Seed Preferred Stock
Below is a summary of the terms of the series seed preferred stock.
Ranking. The series seed preferred stock ranks, as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, senior to the common stock.
Liquidation Rights. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company or any deemed liquidation event (as defined in the certificate of designation), before any payment shall be made to the holders of common stock by reason of their ownership thereof, the holders of shares of series seed preferred stock shall be entitled to be paid out of the funds and assets available for distribution to its stockholders, an amount per share equal to the greater of (a) $0.25 per share, plus any dividends declared but unpaid thereon, or (b) such amount per share as would have been payable had all shares of series seed preferred stock been converted into class A common stock immediately prior to such liquidation, dissolution or winding up or deemed liquidation event.
Dividends. All dividends shall be declared pro rata on the common stock and series seed preferred stock on a pari passu basis according to the number of shares of common stock held by such holders. For this purpose, each holder of shares of series seed preferred stock is to be treated as holding the greatest whole number of shares of common stock then issuable upon conversion of all shares of series seed preferred stock held by such holder.
F-35
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 AND 2022
11. Stockholders’ Equity (cont.)
Voting Rights. The holders of series seed preferred stock shall have the right to one vote for each share of class A common stock into which such series seed preferred stock could then be converted, and with respect to such vote, the holders shall have full voting rights and powers equal to the voting rights and powers of the holders of class A common stock, and shall be entitled to vote together with holders of class A common stock with respect to any question upon which holders of class A common stock have the right to vote.
Conversion Rights. Each share of series seed preferred stock shall be convertible at the option of the holder thereof into such number of shares of class A common stock as is determined by dividing $0.25 per share by the conversion price in effect at the time of conversion. The conversion price is initially $0.25 per share (subject to appropriate adjustment in the event of any stock dividend, stock split, combination, recapitalization, or merger or consolidation). In addition, all outstanding shares of series seed preferred stock shall automatically be converted into shares of common A common stock upon (a) the closing of the sale of shares of class A common stock to the public in a public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (or a qualified offering statement under Regulation A of the Securities Act, as amended), (b) the date that the Company or a successor to the Company becomes an issuer with a class of securities registered under Section 12 or subject to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) and is subject to the periodic and current reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act or is required to file reports under Regulation A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or (c) the date and time, or the occurrence of an event, specified by vote or written consent of holders of at least a majority of the outstanding shares of series seed preferred stock at the time of such vote or consent, voting as a single class on an as-converted basis.
On September 16, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock at a purchase price of $0.25 per share.
On September 30, 2022, the Company issued 2,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock at a purchase price of $0.25 per share.
As of June 30, 2023, 4,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock were issued and outstanding.
Common Stock
The Company has two classes of authorized common stock — class A common stock and class B common stock. The rights of the holders of the class A common stock and class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. Each share of class A common stock is entitled to ten votes per share and is convertible into one share of class B common stock. Each share of class B common stock is entitled to one vote per share. As of June 30, 2023, all of the outstanding class A common stock was held by the Company’s two founders.
On August 26, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate of 1,000,000 shares of class A common stock at a purchase price of $0.0001 per share.
On October 14, 2022, the Company issued an aggregate of 603,450 shares of class B common stock at a purchase price of $1.74 per share.
On November 29, 2022, the Company issued 57,471 shares of class B common stock at a purchase price of $1.74 per share.
On November 29, 2022, the Company issued 777,778 shares of class B common stock upon the exercise of a warrant for an aggregate exercise price of $500,000.
On April 1, 2023, the Company issued 17,241 shares of class B common stock to a professional firm in exchange for services at $1.74 per share. Accordingly, stock compensation expense in the amount of $29,999 was recorded by the Company.
F-36
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 AND 2022
11. Stockholders’ Equity (cont.)
On June 1, 2023, an aggregate of 340,000 shares of class A common stock were converted into an aggregate of 340,000 shares of class B common stock.
As of June 30, 2023, there were 660,000 shares of class A common stock and 1,795,940 shares of class B common stock issued and outstanding.
2022 Equity Incentive Plan
On September 16, 2022, the Company’s board of directors adopted its 2022 Equity Incentive Plan, which was adopted by stockholders on November 18, 2022, as amended (the “2022 Plan”), which reserved a total of 1,736,819 shares of CleanCore’s class B common stock for issuance. Incentive awards authorized under the 2022 Plan include, but are not limited to, nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance grants intended to comply with Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and stock appreciation rights. If an incentive award granted under the 2022 Plan expires, terminates, is unexercised for forfeited, the surrendered shares will become available for future awards under the 2022 Plan.
The Company’s employees and advisors were awarded options under the 2022 Plan. Therefore, an allocation of the share-based compensation was made to the Company.
Stock Options
As of June 30, 2023, the Company has issued options to purchase an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of class A common stock at an exercise price of $0.25 per share. In addition, the Company issued options to purchase 770,000 shares of class B common stock at a weighted average exercise price of $2.21 per share under the 2022 Plan. The class A options were fully vested as of the grant date and the class B options have a graded vesting term based on continuous service during the vesting period.
Warrants
On October 14, 2022 and November 29, 2022, the Company issued warrants for the purchase of 42,241 and 4,022 shares of class B common stock, respectively, to a third party as part of their compensation earned. The warrants are exercisable for a period of five years at an exercise price of $1.74 (subject to adjustments for stock dividends, stock splits, mergers, consolidations and similar transactions) and may be exercised on a cashless basis. The third party agreed to increase the exercise price of the foregoing warrants to 125% of the potential public offering price per share.
On October 17, 2022, the Company issued a warrant for the purchase of 777,778 shares of class B common stock for an aggregate exercise price of $500,000 to the Parent. On November 29, 2022, the Parent exercised this warrant in full.
Stock-based Compensation
Stock options and warrants are granted at the fair market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. The Company recognizes compensation expense for these awards using the straight-line recognition method over the vesting period.
The fair value of stock options was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions as of June 30, 2023:
|
June 30, |
|||
|
Risk-free interest rate |
3.71 |
% |
|
|
Dividend yield |
0.0 |
% |
|
|
Expected volatility |
53.00 |
% |
|
|
Expected life of awards |
4.8 years |
|
|
F-37
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 AND 2022
11. Stockholders’ Equity (cont.)
The fair value of warrants was estimated at the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions as of June 30, 2023:
|
June 30, |
|||
|
Risk-free interest rate |
4.17 |
% |
|
|
Dividend yield |
0.0 |
% |
|
|
Expected volatility |
57.96 |
% |
|
|
Expected life of awards |
0.4 years |
|
|
The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. government issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the awards. The determination of expected volatility is based on historical volatility of an appropriate industry sector index. The weighted average expected term was estimated for options using the average of the vesting term and contractual term of the awards. The term for warrants is based on the contractual term of the warrants. The weighted-average fair value of total awards granted during the period ended June 30, 2023 was $1.35.
The information presented in the following table represents the awards granted and outstanding during the period:
|
Warrants |
Stock |
Weighted Average Remaining Life (years) |
Weighted |
||||||||||
|
Beginning balance |
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
$ |
— |
$ |
— |
||||
|
Granted |
|
824,041 |
|
|
— |
|
0.44 |
|
0.69 |
||||
|
Granted |
|
— |
|
|
2,770,000 |
|
4.77 |
|
0.51 |
||||
|
Canceled |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
||||
|
Forfeited |
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— |
|
— |
||||
|
Exercised |
|
(777,778 |
) |
|
— |
|
— |
|
0.61 |
||||
|
Outstanding, June 30, 2023 (2,125,152 shares exercisable) |
|
46,263 |
|
|
2,770,000 |
|
5.01 |
$ |
0.50 |
||||
The intrinsic value and total cash received of awards exercised for the period ending June 30, 2023 was $855,556 and $500,000, respectively. Total stock compensation expense recognized during the period ended June 30, 2023 consists of $3,231,443 related to stock options and $857,889 of warrants. In addition, $42,835 of warrants issued to underwriters were recorded as an offset to equity as of June 30, 2023. As of June 30, 2033, total unrecognized stock compensation expense was $339,952 with the weighted average period over which it is expected to be recognized of 3.13 years.
12. Net loss per share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and dilutive net income per share of class A and class B common stock:
|
Period Ended |
||||||||
|
Class A |
Class B |
|||||||
|
Basic and diluted net loss per share: |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Numerator |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Allocation of undistributed loss |
$ |
(2,111,882 |
) |
$ |
(2,911,325 |
) |
||
|
Denominator |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Weighted average number of shares used in per share computation |
|
967,987 |
|
|
1,334,414 |
|
||
|
Basic and diluted net loss per share |
$ |
(2.18 |
) |
$ |
(2.18 |
) |
||
F-38
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 AND 2022
13. Income taxes
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal and applicable state jurisdictions.
The Company’s provision for income taxes is comprised of the following components for the year ended June 30, 2023:
|
Years Ended |
||||||
|
6/30/2023 |
N/A |
|||||
|
Current Tax Expense (Benefit) |
|
|
||||
|
Federal |
|
— |
|
— |
||
|
State |
|
— |
|
— |
||
|
Current Tax Expense (Benefit) |
$ |
— |
$ |
— |
||
|
|
— |
|
— |
|||
|
Deferred Tax Expense (Benefit) |
|
|
||||
|
Federal |
|
— |
|
— |
||
|
State |
|
— |
|
— |
||
|
Deferred Tax Expense (Benefit) |
|
— |
|
— |
||
|
Total Income Tax Expense (Benefit) |
$ |
— |
$ |
— |
||
The Company’s income tax expense from continuing operations for the year ended June 30, 2023 differed from the statutory federal rate of 21% as follows:
|
Pre-Tax Book Income |
(5,023,207 |
) |
|
|
|
|
Years Ended |
||||||||||
|
6/30/2023 |
N/A |
|||||||||
|
Amount |
Percent |
Amount |
Percent |
|||||||
|
Rate Reconciliation |
|
|
||||||||
|
Federal tax (benefit) at a statutory rate |
(1,054,873 |
) |
21.00 |
% |
— |
— |
||||
|
State tax expense (benefit) |
(277,654 |
) |
5.53 |
% |
— |
— |
||||
|
Other Permanent Differences |
490 |
|
(0.01 |
)% |
— |
— |
||||
|
Increase (Decrease) in valuation allowance related to current period P&L activity |
1,332,037 |
|
(26.52 |
)% |
— |
— |
||||
|
Total tax expense |
— |
|
— |
|
— |
— |
||||
Deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following at June 30, 2023:
|
Years Ended |
|||||||
|
6/30/2023 |
N/A |
||||||
|
Deferred Tax Assets |
|
|
|
||||
|
Accrued Expenses |
|
55,680 |
|
|
— |
||
|
Equity Compensation |
|
1,092,856 |
|
|
— |
||
|
Lease Liabilities |
|
129,075 |
|
|
— |
||
|
NOL Carryforwards |
|
214,559 |
|
|
— |
||
|
Valuation Allowance |
$ |
(1,332,037 |
) |
$ |
— |
||
|
Total Deferred Tax Assets |
|
160,133 |
|
|
— |
||
|
|
|
|
|||||
F-39
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 AND 2022
13. Income taxes (cont.)
|
Years Ended |
|||||
|
6/30/2023 |
N/A |
||||
|
Deferred Tax Liabilities |
|
||||
|
Property and equipment |
(252 |
) |
— |
||
|
Intangible Assets |
(561 |
) |
— |
||
|
Prepaid Expenses |
(35,515 |
) |
— |
||
|
ASC 842 Right of Use Asset |
(123,805 |
) |
— |
||
|
Valuation Allowance |
— |
|
— |
||
|
Total Deferred Tax Liabilities |
(160,133 |
) |
— |
||
|
Net Deferred Tax Asset (Liability) |
— |
|
— |
||
In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more-likely-than-not that some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible.
As of June 30, 2023, the Company recognized a full valuation allowance on its net deferred tax asset to reflect the fact it is not more-likely-than-not to realize any portion of the asset.
|
Years Ended |
||||
|
6/30/2023 |
N/A |
|||
|
Other Items – All Gross |
||||
|
Federal NOL Carryovers |
808,741 |
— |
||
|
State NOL Carryovers |
808,741 |
— |
||
14. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, the Company may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings which arise in the ordinary course of business. However, litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties and an adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that may harm our business. The Company is currently not aware of any such legal proceedings or claims that it believes will have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition or operating results.
Retirement Plans
The Successor does not maintain a defined contribution plan or any other type of retirement plan for its employees.
For the period ended July 1, 2022 through October 16, 2022 and the year ended June 30, 2022, the Predecessor maintained a defined contribution 401(k) plan available to eligible employees. Employee contributions are voluntary and are determined on an individual basis, limited to the maximum amount allowable under federal tax regulations. Matching contributions to the 401(k) plan are made for certain eligible employees to meet the non-discrimination provisions of the plan. During these respective periods, the Predecessor made a contributions of $1,512 and $6,694, respectively.
F-40
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 AND 2022
14. Commitments and Contingencies (cont.)
Leases
The Company has a non-cancellable operating lease commitment for its office facility expiring in 2028. Rent expense totaled $57,626 for the year ended June 30, 2023.
The following table discloses the lease cost, discount rate, and remaining lease term for operating leases as of June 30, 2023:
|
June 30, |
||||
|
Operating lease cost |
$ |
57,626 |
|
|
|
Remaining lease term |
|
4.7 years |
|
|
|
Discount rate |
|
6.00 |
% |
|
The discount rate was determined using the Company’s external debt and was adjusted for collateralization, term and lease amount.
The following table discloses the undiscounted cash flows on an annual basis and a reconciliation of the undiscounted cash flows of operating lease liabilities recognized in the balance sheet as of June 30, 2023:
|
Year Ended June 30, 2023 |
$ |
|
||
|
2024 |
|
114,230 |
|
|
|
2025 |
|
117,086 |
|
|
|
2026 |
|
120,013 |
|
|
|
2027 |
|
123,014 |
|
|
|
2028 |
|
83,365 |
|
|
|
|
557,708 |
|
||
|
Less amount representing interest |
|
(71,183 |
) |
|
|
Present value of lease liabilities |
|
486,525 |
|
|
|
Less current portion |
|
(87,985 |
) |
|
|
Noncurrent lease liabilities |
$ |
398,540 |
|
15. Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated events subsequent to June 30, 2023, to assess the need for potential recognition or disclosure. Such events were evaluated through October 10, 2023, the date the combined financial statements were available to be issued. The following were noted:
On July 16, 2023, the Company issued 1,000,000 shares of class A common stock upon the conversion of 1,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock.
On July 17, 2023, the Company issued 940,000 shares of class B common stock upon the conversion of 940,000 shares of class A common stock.
On July 21, 2023, the Company hired an officer whose employment agreement included a grant for 75,000 stock options, with vesting as follows: ten percent (10%) on the 90th day following the employment agreement date (“vesting date”), 10% on the 180th day following the vesting date, and the balance vesting monthly over the following 36 months.
On July 24, 2023, the Company issued 370,000 shares of class B common stock upon the conversion of 370,000 shares of class A common stock.
F-41
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC.
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
June 30, 2023 AND 2022
15. Subsequent Events (cont.)
On July 27, 2023, the Company agreed to purchase approximately $105,607 worth of inventory from a related party business owned by Lisa Roskens, a significant stockholder and the principal officer of the Parent, due to an open purchase order the Predecessor had with an inventory vendor that was not included in the liabilities assumed of the Predecessor per the terms of the acquisition purchase agreement. The inventory is to be purchased as needed, consistent with other inventory purchases. Therefore, the Company has not recorded a liability on the books related to this agreement. However, if the entire $105,000 amount is not purchased by March 31, 2024, the balance at that date begins accruing interest at a rate of seven percent (7%) per annum until the Predecessor is paid in full. As of October 10, 2023, the entire $105,000 has yet to be purchased by the Successor.
On September 13, 2023, the Company signed an Extension Agreement with the Parent for the $3,000,000 note payable due to it on October 17, 2023 per the original purchase agreement in connection with the acquisition. The extension requires the note to accrue interest at a rate of 10% per annum as of the date of the signed extension. The maturity of the note was extended to the earlier of (i) the closing of a firm commitment initial public offering and concurrent listing on a national securities exchange or (ii) December 17, 2023, at which point the final payment of all unpaid principal and all accrued interest shall be due and payable.
F-42
1,500,000 Shares
Class B Common Stock

CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, inc.
________________
PROSPECTUS
________________
Underwriter
BOUSTEAD SECURITIES, LLC
, 2023
Until , 2023, 25 days after the date of this prospectus, all dealers that buy, sell or trade our securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.
[Alternate Page for Resale Prospectus]
The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED NOVEMBER 29, 2023
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

CleanCore Solutions, Inc.
1,741,036 Shares
Class B Common Stock
This prospectus relates to 1,741,036 shares of class B common stock of CleanCore Solutions, Inc. that may be sold from time to time by the selling stockholders named in this prospectus.
Currently, there is no public market for our class B common stock. We plan to apply to list our class B common stock on NYSE American under the symbol “ ” in connection with an initial public offering of our class B common stock. We believe that upon the completion of the initial public offering, we will meet the standards for listing, and the closing of the initial public offering is contingent upon such listing. Since there is currently no public market established for our class B common stock, the selling stockholders will sell at the price at which we sell shares in our initial public offering pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, which is expected to be between $4.00 and $6.00 per share. Once, and if, our class B common stock is listed on NYSE American and there is an established market for our shares, the selling stockholders may sell their shares from time to time at the market price prevailing on NYSE American at the time of offer and sale, or at prices related to such prevailing market prices or in negotiated transactions or a combination of such methods of sale directly or through brokers. See “Plan of Distribution” for a more complete description of the ways in which the shares may be sold. We will not receive any proceeds from the sales of outstanding class B common stock by the selling stockholders.
We are an “emerging growth company,” as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, and as such, have elected to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements for this prospectus and future filings. See “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company.”
Investing in our class B common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before buying any shares, you should carefully read the discussion of the material risks of investing in our class B common stock under the heading “Risk Factors” beginning on page 13 of this prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is , 2023
[Alternate Page for Resale Prospectus]
The Offering
|
Shares offered by the selling stockholders: |
This prospectus relates to 1,741,036 shares of class B common stock that may be sold from time to time by the selling stockholders named in this prospectus. |
|
|
Shares outstanding(1): |
3,350,000 shares of class A common stock and 4,605,940 shares of class B common stock (or 4,830,940 shares of class B common stock if the underwriters in the initial public offering exercise the over-allotment option in full). The number of shares of class A common stock outstanding after the initial public offering includes the conversion of 3,000,000 shares of our series seed preferred stock into 3,000,000 shares of class A common stock concurrent with the closing of the initial public offering. |
|
|
Use of proceeds: |
We will not receive any proceeds from the sales of outstanding class B common stock by the selling stockholders. |
|
|
Risk factors: |
Investing in our class B common stock involves a high degree of risk. As an investor, you should be able to bear a complete loss of your investment. You should carefully consider the information set forth in the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 13. |
|
|
Trading market and symbol: |
We plan to apply to list our class B common stock on NYSE American under the symbol “ ”. The closing of our initial public offering is contingent upon such listing. |
____________
(1) The number of shares of class B common stock outstanding assumes the issuance by us of class B common stock in the initial public offering and excludes:
• 350,000 shares of class B common stock issuable upon the conversion of 350,000 shares of class A common stock upon a transfer thereof;
• 2,000,000 shares of class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options at an exercise price of $0.25 per share;
• 770,000 shares of class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options granted under our 2022 equity incentive plan at a weighted average exercise price of $2.21 per share;
• 966,819 shares of class B common stock that are reserved for future issuance under our 2022 equity incentive plan;
• 46,263 shares of class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants at an exercise price of $1.74 per share; and
• up to 105,000 shares of class B common stock (or 120,750 shares issuable if the underwriters exercise the overallotment option in full) issuable upon exercise of the representative’s warrants issued in connection with the initial public offering.
Alt-1
[Alternate Page for Resale Prospectus]
USE OF PROCEEDS
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of class B common stock by the selling stockholders.
Alt-2
[Alternate Page for Resale Prospectus]
SELLING STOCKHOLDERS
The class B common stock being offered by the selling stockholders are those restricted shares previously issued to the selling stockholders. We are registering the shares in order to permit the selling stockholders to offer the shares for resale from time to time. Except for the ownership of these shares or as indicated in the footnotes to the table below, the selling stockholders have not had any material relationship with us within the past three years and based on the information provided to us by the selling stockholders, no selling stockholder is a broker-dealer or an affiliate of a broker-dealer.
The table below lists the selling stockholders and other information regarding the ownership of the class B common stock by each of the selling stockholders. The second column lists the number of class B common stock owned by each selling stockholder. The third column lists the class B common stock being offered by this prospectus by the selling stockholders. The fourth column assumes the sale of all of the class B common stock offered by the selling stockholders pursuant to this prospectus.
The selling stockholders may sell all, some or none of their shares in this offering. See “Plan of Distribution.”
|
Name of Selling Stockholder |
Class B |
Number of |
|
||||||
|
Shares |
Percent(1) |
||||||||
|
Clayton Adams(2) |
1,370,000 |
370,000 |
1,000,000 |
17.84 |
% |
||||
|
Benjamin Lee Adams |
470,000 |
470,000 |
— |
— |
|
||||
|
Varkes Churukian |
14,368 |
14,368 |
— |
— |
|
||||
|
Eternal Horizon International Company Limited(3) |
71,840 |
71,840 |
— |
— |
|
||||
|
Chris Etherington(5) |
100,575 |
14,368 |
— |
— |
|
||||
|
Pamela Finn |
57,471 |
57,471 |
— |
— |
|
||||
|
Daniel Hutt |
14,368 |
14,368 |
— |
— |
|
||||
|
George Krauss |
57,471 |
57,471 |
— |
— |
|
||||
|
Kevin McKeon |
28,736 |
28,736 |
— |
— |
|
||||
|
MSBD, LLC(4) |
57,471 |
57,471 |
— |
— |
|
||||
|
Oleta Investments, LLC(5) |
86,207 |
86,207 |
— |
— |
|
||||
|
Mark Olivier |
14,368 |
14,368 |
— |
— |
|
||||
|
Lisa Roskens(6) |
792,146 |
14,368 |
777,778 |
16.89 |
% |
||||
|
Michael K. Webb |
470,000 |
470,000 |
— |
— |
|
||||
____________
(1) Applicable percentage ownership after this offering is based on 4,605,940 shares of class B common stock outstanding after the initial public offering. As noted above, for purposes of computing percentage ownership after this offering, we have assumed that all class B common stock offered by the selling stockholders will be sold in this offering.
(2) The number of shares being offered includes 370,000 shares of class B common stock held directly and the number of shares held after this offering represents 1,000,000 shares of class B common stock issuable upon conversion of 1,000,000 of class A common stock that are issuable within 60 days upon the exercise of a stock option. Mr. Adams previously served as our Chief Financial Officer from August 24, 2022 to March 9, 2023 and as our President and a member of our board of directors from August 24, 2022 to July 13, 2023.
(3) Jie Xu is the Director of Eternal Horizon International Company Limited, and has sole voting and investment power over the shares held by it. Jie Xu disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares except to the extent of a pecuniary interest, if any, in such shares.
(4) Shane Lanphere is the Managing Member of MSBD, LLC, and has sole voting and investment power over the shares held by it. Mr. Lanphere disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest, if any, in such shares.
(5) Chris Etherington is the Managing Director of Oleta Investments, LLC, and has sole voting and investment power over the shares held by it. Mr. Etherington disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares except to the extent of his pecuniary interest, if any, in such shares.
(6) The number of shares being offered includes 14,368 shares held directly and the number of shares held after this offering includes 777,778 shares held indirectly through Burlington Capital, LLC. Lisa Roskens is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Burlington Capital, LLC and has voting and investment power over the shares held by it. Ms. Roskens disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares except to the extent of her pecuniary interest, if any, in such shares.
Alt-3
[Alternate Page for Resale Prospectus]
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
There is currently no public market established for our class B common stock. The selling stockholders will sell at the price at which we sell shares in our initial public offering pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, which is expected to be between $4.00 and $6.00 per share. Once, and if, our class B common stock is listed on NYSE American and there is an established market for our shares, the selling stockholders may sell their shares from time to time at the market price prevailing on NYSE American at the time of offer and sale, or at prices related to such prevailing market prices or in negotiated transactions or a combination of such methods of sale directly or through brokers. A selling stockholder may use any one or more of the following methods when selling the shares:
• ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers;
• block trades in which the broker-dealer will attempt to sell the securities as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;
• purchases by a broker-dealer as principal and resale by the broker-dealer for its account;
• an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;
• privately negotiated transactions;
• settlement of short sales;
• in transactions through broker-dealers that agree with the selling stockholders to sell a specified number of such securities at a stipulated price per security;
• through the writing or settlement of options or other hedging transactions, whether through an options exchange or otherwise;
• a combination of any such methods of sale; or
• any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.
The selling stockholders may also sell shares under Rule 144 of the Securities Act, if available, rather than under this prospectus. The selling stockholders shall have the sole and absolute discretion not to accept any purchase offer or make any sale of shares if it deems the purchase price to be unsatisfactory at any particular time.
The selling stockholders or their respective pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors in interest, may also sell the shares directly to market makers acting as principals and/or broker-dealers acting as agents for themselves or their customers. Such broker-dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the selling stockholders and/or the purchasers of shares for whom such broker-dealers may act as agents or to whom they sell as principal or both, which compensation as to a particular broker-dealer might be in excess of customary commissions. Market makers and block purchasers purchasing the shares will do so for their own account and at their own risk. It is possible that a selling stockholder will attempt to sell shares in block transactions to market makers or other purchasers at a price per share which may be below the then existing market price. We cannot assure you that all or any of the shares offered in this prospectus will be issued to, or sold by, the selling stockholders. The selling stockholders and any brokers, dealers or agents, upon effecting the sale of any of the shares offered in this prospectus, may be deemed to be “underwriters” as that term is defined under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of such acts. In such an event, any commissions received by such broker-dealers or agents and any profit on the resale of the shares purchased by them may be deemed to be underwriting commissions or discounts under the Securities Act.
We are required to pay all fees and expenses incident to the registration of the shares, including fees and disbursements of counsel to the selling stockholders, but excluding brokerage commissions or underwriter discounts.
The selling stockholders, alternatively, may sell all or any part of the shares offered in this prospectus through an underwriter. The selling stockholders have not entered into any agreement with a prospective underwriter and there is no assurance that any such agreement will be entered into.
Alt-4
[Alternate Page for Resale Prospectus]
The selling stockholders may pledge their shares to their brokers under the margin provisions of customer agreements. If a selling stockholder defaults on a margin loan, the broker may, from time to time, offer and sell the pledged shares. The selling stockholders and any other persons participating in the sale or distribution of the shares will be subject to applicable provisions of the Exchange Act, and the rules and regulations under such act, including, without limitation, Regulation M. These provisions may restrict certain activities of and limit the timing of purchases and sales of any of the shares by, the selling stockholders or any other such person. In the event that any of the selling stockholders are deemed an affiliated purchaser or distribution participant within the meaning of Regulation M, then the selling stockholders will not be permitted to engage in short sales of common shares. Furthermore, under Regulation M, persons engaged in a distribution of securities are prohibited from simultaneously engaging in market making and certain other activities with respect to such securities for a specified period of time prior to the commencement of such distributions, subject to specified exceptions or exemptions. In addition, if a short sale is deemed to be a stabilizing activity, then the selling stockholders will not be permitted to engage in a short sale of our shares. All of these limitations may affect the marketability of the shares.
If a selling stockholder notifies us that it has a material arrangement with a broker-dealer for the resale of the shares, then we would be required to amend the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and file a prospectus supplement to describe the agreements between the selling stockholder and the broker-dealer.
Alt-5
[Alternate Page for Resale Prospectus]
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the class B common stock covered by this prospectus will be passed upon by Sherman & Howard L.L.C.
Alt-6
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN THE PROSPECTUS
Item 13. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses, other than underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by us in connection with the sale of class B common stock being registered. All amounts, other than the SEC registration fee, NYSE American listing fee and FINRA filing fee, are estimates. We will pay all these expenses.
|
Amount |
|||
|
SEC registration fee |
$ |
2,926.30 |
|
|
NYSE American listing fee |
|
75,000.00 |
|
|
FINRA filing fee |
|
1,884.31 |
|
|
Accounting fees and expenses |
|
140,000.00 |
|
|
Legal fees and expenses |
|
312,500.00 |
|
|
Transfer agent fees and expenses |
|
10,000.00 |
|
|
Printing and related fees and expenses |
|
10,000.00 |
|
|
Miscellaneous fees and expenses |
|
7,689.39 |
|
|
Total |
$ |
560,000.00 |
|
Item 14. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
We are a Nevada corporation. The Nevada Revised Statutes and certain provisions of our bylaws under certain circumstances provide for indemnification of our officers, directors and controlling persons against liabilities which they may incur in such capacities. A summary of the circumstances in which such indemnification is provided for is contained herein, but this description is qualified in its entirety by reference to our bylaws and to the statutory provisions.
In general, any officer, director, employee or agent may be indemnified against expenses, fines, settlements or judgments arising in connection with a legal proceeding to which such person is a party, if that person’s actions were in good faith, were believed to be in our best interest, and were not unlawful. Unless such person is successful upon the merits in such an action, indemnification may be awarded only after a determination by independent decision of our board of directors, by legal counsel, or by a vote of our stockholders, that the applicable standard of conduct was met by the person to be indemnified.
The circumstances under which indemnification is granted in connection with an action brought on our behalf is generally the same as those set forth above; however, with respect to such actions, indemnification is granted only with respect to expenses actually incurred in connection with the defense or settlement of the action. In such actions, the person to be indemnified must have acted in good faith and in a manner believed to have been in our best interest, and have not been adjudged liable for negligence or misconduct.
Indemnification may also be granted pursuant to the terms of agreements which may be entered into in the future or pursuant to a vote of stockholders or directors. The Nevada Revised Statutes also grant us the power to purchase and maintain insurance which protects our officers and directors against any liabilities incurred in connection with their service in such a position, and such a policy may be obtained by us.
To the maximum extent permitted by law, our articles of incorporation eliminate or limit the liability of our directors to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for breach of a director’s fiduciary duty as a director.
We have entered or intend to enter into separate indemnification agreements with our directors and officers. Each indemnification agreement will provide, among other things, for indemnification to the fullest extent permitted by law and our articles of incorporation and bylaws against any and all expenses, judgments, fines, penalties and amounts paid in settlement of any claim. The indemnification agreements will provide for the advancement or payment of all expenses to the indemnitee and for reimbursement to us if it is found that such indemnitee is not entitled to such indemnification under applicable law and our articles of incorporation and bylaws.
II-1
We are in the process of obtaining standard policies of insurance under which coverage is provided (a) to our directors and officers against loss rising from claims made by reason of breach of duty or other wrongful act, and (b) to us with respect to payments which we may make to such officers and directors pursuant to the above indemnification provision or otherwise as a matter of law.
The underwriting agreement, filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this registration statement, will provide for indemnification, under certain circumstances, by the underwriter of us and our officers and directors for certain liabilities arising under the Securities Act or otherwise.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Item 15. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
During the past three years, we issued the following securities, which were not registered under the Securities Act.
On August 26, 2022, we issued 500,000 shares of class A common stock, at a purchase price of $0.0001 per share, to each of Matthew Atkinson and Clayton Adams, our founders.
On September 16, 2022, we issued 1,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock, at a purchase price of $0.25 per share, to each of Matthew Atkinson and Clayton Adams, our founders, of which 1,000,000 shares were subsequently converted into 1,000,000 shares of class A common stock and further converted into 1,000,000 shares of class B common stock. On September 30, 2022, we issued 2,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock, at a purchase price of $0.25 per share, to Bethor Limited. These shares will be automatically converted into 3,000,000 shares of class A common stock upon the closing of this offering.
On September 16, 2022, we issued options for the purchase of 1,000,000 shares of class A common stock, at an exercise price of $0.25, to each of Matthew Atkinson and Clayton Adams, our founders.
Between October 14, 2022 and November 29, 2022, we issued an aggregate of 660,921 shares of class B common stock for total gross proceeds of $1,150,000 and net proceeds of approximately $1,035,000 in a private placement transaction. Boustead Securities, LLC, the representative of the underwriters for this offering, acted as placement agent in connection with this private placement. As compensation for its services, Boustead Securities, LLC received (i) a cash commission equal to 9% of the gross proceeds, (ii) a 1% non-accountable expense allowance and (iii) five-year warrants for the purchase of a number of shares of class B common stock equal to 7% of the number of shares issued in the private placement at an exercise price of $1.74 per share (subject to adjustments), which may be exercised on a cashless basis. Accordingly, we issued warrants for the purchase of 46,263 shares of class B common stock to Boustead Securities, LLC at an initial exercise price of $1.74 per share. Boustead Securities, LLC has agreed to increase the exercise price of the foregoing warrants to 125% of the public offering price per share in this offering. The private placement concluded on December 31, 2022.
On October 17, 2022, we issued a warrant for the purchase of 777,778 shares of class B common stock for an aggregate exercise price of $500,000 to Burlington Capital, LLC. On November 29, 2022, Burlington Capital, LLC exercised this warrant in full.
On February 1, 2023, we issued options for the purchase of an aggregate of 295,000 shares of class B common stock, at an exercise price of $1.74, to two consultants under our 2022 Equity Incentive Plan.
On March 27, 2023, we issued an option for the purchase of 325,000 shares of class B common stock, at an exercise price of $2.50, to David Enholm, our Chief Financial Officer, under our 2022 Equity Incentive Plan.
On April 1, 2023, we issued 17,241 shares of class B common stock to Bevilacqua PLLC as partial compensation for legal services.
On April 4, 2023, we issued options for the purchase of an aggregate of 150,000 shares of class B common stock, at an exercise price of $2.50, to a consultant under our 2022 Equity Incentive Plan.
On June 1, 2023, we issued 340,000 shares of class B common stock upon the conversion of 340,000 shares of class A common stock.
On July 16, 2023, we issued 1,000,000 shares of class A common stock upon the conversion of 1,000,000 shares of series seed preferred stock.
II-2
On July 17, 2023, we issued 940,000 shares of class B common stock upon the conversion of 940,000 shares of class A common stock.
On July 24, 2023, we issued 370,000 shares of class B common stock upon the conversion of 370,000 shares of class A common stock.
No underwriters were involved in these issuances. We believe that each of the above issuances was exempt from registration under the Securities Act in reliance on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act regarding transactions not involving a public offering.
Item 16. Exhibits.
(a) Exhibits.
|
Exhibit No. |
Description |
|
|
1.1 |
||
|
3.1 |
||
|
3.2 |
||
|
4.1 |
||
|
4.2 |
||
|
4.3 |
||
|
5.1 |
Opinion of Sherman & Howard L.L.C. as to the legality of the shares |
|
|
10.1 |
||
|
10.2 |
||
|
10.3 |
||
|
10.4 |
||
|
10.5 |
||
|
10.6 |
||
|
10.7 |
||
|
10.8 |
||
|
10.9 |
||
|
10.10 |
||
|
10.11 |
II-3
|
Exhibit No. |
Description |
|
|
10.12 |
||
|
10.13 |
||
|
10.14 |
||
|
10.15 |
||
|
10.16 |
||
|
10.17† |
||
|
10.18† |
||
|
10.19† |
||
|
10.20† |
||
|
10.21† |
||
|
10.22† |
||
|
10.23† |
||
|
10.24 |
||
|
10.25 |
||
|
10.26† |
||
|
10.27† |
||
|
10.28† |
||
|
10.29† |
||
|
23.1 |
||
|
23.2 |
Consent of Sherman & Howard L.L.C. (included in Exhibit 5.1) |
|
|
24.1 |
Power of Attorney (included on the signature page of this registration statement) |
|
|
99.1 |
II-4
|
Exhibit No. |
Description |
|
|
99.2 |
||
|
99.3 |
||
|
107 |
____________
† Executive compensation plan or arrangement
(b) Financial Statement Schedules.
All financial statement schedules are omitted because the information called for is not required or is shown either in the financial statements or in the notes thereto.
Item 17. Undertakings
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
II-5
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Omaha, State of Nebraska, on November 29, 2023.
|
CLEANCORE SOLUTIONS, INC. |
||||
|
By: |
/s/ Matthew Atkinson |
|||
|
Matthew Atkinson |
||||
|
Chief Executive Officer |
||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
|
SIGNATURE |
TITLE |
DATE |
||
|
/s/ Matthew Atkinson |
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
November 29, 2023 |
||
|
Matthew Atkinson |
(principal executive officer) |
|||
|
* |
Chief Financial Officer and Director |
November 29, 2023 |
||
|
David Enholm |
(principal financial and accounting officer) |
|
* By: |
/s/ Matthew Atkinson |
|||
|
Matthew Atkinson |
||||
|
Attorney-In-Fact |
II-6
Exhibit 1.1
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
[●], 2023
Boustead Securities, LLC
6 Venture, Suite 265
Irvine, CA 92618
As Representative of the several Underwriters
named on Schedule 1 attached hereto
Ladies and Gentlemen:
The undersigned, CleanCore Solutions, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), hereby confirms its agreement (this “Agreement”) with Boustead Securities, LLC (hereinafter referred to as “you” (including its correlatives) or the “Representative”) and with the other underwriters named on Schedule 1 hereto for which the Representative is acting as representative (the Representative and such other underwriters being collectively called the “Underwriters” or, individually, an “Underwriter”) as follows:
1. Purchase and Sale of Shares.
1.1 Firm Shares.
1.1.1. Nature and Purchase of Firm Shares.
(i) On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained, but subject to the terms and conditions herein set forth, the Company agrees to sell in the aggregate [●] shares of Class B Common Stock of the Company, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), and each Underwriter agrees to purchase, severally and not jointly, at the Closing, an aggregate of [●] shares (“Firm Shares”) of the Common Stock.
(ii) The Firm Shares are to be offered together to the public at the offering price per one Firm Share as set forth on Schedule 2-A hereto (the “Purchase Price”). The Underwriters, severally and not jointly, agree to purchase from the Company the number of Firm Shares set forth opposite their respective names on Schedule 1 attached hereto and made a part hereof at the purchase price for one Firm Share of $[●] (or 93% of the Purchase Price).
1.1.2. Firm Shares Payment and Delivery.
(i) Delivery and payment for the Firm Shares shall be made at 10:00 a.m., Eastern time, on the second (2nd) Business Day following the effective date (the “Effective Date”) of the Registration Statement (as defined in Section 2.1.1 below) (or the third (3rd) Business Day following the Effective Date if the Registration Statement is declared effective after 4:01 p.m., Eastern time) or at such earlier time as shall be agreed upon by the Representative and the Company, at the offices of ArentFox Schiff LLP at 1717 K Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006 (“Representative’s Counsel”), or at such other place (or remotely by facsimile or other electronic transmission) as shall be agreed upon by the Representative and the Company. The hour and date of delivery and payment for the Firm Shares is called the “Closing Date.”
Payment for the Firm Shares shall be made on the Closing Date by wire transfer in U.S. dollars (same day) funds, payable to the order of the Company upon delivery of the certificates (in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters) representing the Firm Shares (or through the facilities of the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”)) for the account of the Underwriters. The Firm Shares shall be registered in such name or names and in such authorized denominations as the Representative may request in writing prior to the Closing Date. The Company shall not be obligated to sell or deliver the Firm Shares except upon tender of payment by the Representative for all of the Firm Shares. The term “Business Day” means any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a legal holiday or a day on which banking institutions are authorized or obligated by law to close in New York, New York.
1.2. Over-allotment Option.
1.2.1. Option Shares. For the purposes of covering any over-allotments in connection with the distribution and sale of the Firm Shares, the Company hereby grants to the Underwriters an option (the “Over-allotment Option”) to purchase, in the aggregate, up to [●] additional shares of the Common Stock (the “Option Shares”, and along with the Firm Shares, the “Shares”), representing fifteen percent (15%) of the Firm Shares sold in the offering, from the Company. The purchase price to be paid per Option Share shall be equal to the price per Option Share set forth in Schedule 2-A. The Shares shall be issued directly by the Company and shall have the rights and privileges described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus referred to below. The offering and sale of the Shares is herein referred to as the “Offering.”
1.2.2. Exercise of Option. The Over-allotment Option granted pursuant to Section 1.2.1 hereof may be exercised by the Representative as to all (at any time) or any part (from time to time) of the Option Shares within forty-five (45) days after the Effective Date. The Underwriters shall not be under any obligation to purchase any of the Option Shares prior to the exercise of the Over-allotment Option. The Over-allotment Option granted hereby may be exercised by the giving of written notice to the Company from the Representative, setting forth the number of the Option Shares to be purchased and the date and time for delivery of and payment for the Option Shares (the “Option Closing Date”), which shall not be later than five (5) full Business Days after the date of the notice or such other time as shall be agreed upon by the Company and the Representative, at the offices of Representative’s Counsel or at such other place (including remotely by facsimile or other electronic transmission) as shall be agreed upon by the Company and the Representative. If such delivery and payment for the Option Shares does not occur on the Closing Date, the Option Closing Date will be as set forth in the notice. Upon exercise of the Over-allotment Option with respect to all or any portion of the Option Shares subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, (i) the Company shall become obligated to sell to the Underwriters the number of the Option Shares specified in such notice and (ii) each of the Underwriters, acting severally and not jointly, shall purchase that portion of the total number of the Option Shares then being purchased as set forth in Schedule 1 opposite the name of such Underwriter.
1.2.3. Payment and Delivery. Payment for the Option Shares shall be made on the Option Closing Date by wire transfer in U.S. dollars (same day) funds, payable to the order of the Company upon delivery to you of certificates (in form and substance satisfactory to the Underwriters) representing the Option Shares (or through the facilities of DTC or via DWAC transfer) for the account of the Underwriters. The Option Shares shall be registered in such name or names and in such authorized denominations as the Representative may request in writing prior to the Option Closing Date. The Company shall not be obligated to sell or deliver the Option Shares except upon tender of payment by the Representative for applicable Option Shares.
1.3 Representative’s Warrants.
1.3.1. Purchase Warrants. The Company hereby agrees to issue and sell to the Representative (and/or its designees) on the Closing Date (“Representative’s Warrants”) five-year warrants for the purchase of a number of the Shares equal to 7.0% of the number of the Firm Shares and Option Shares, if any, issued in the Offering, pursuant to a warrant in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A, at an initial exercise price of $[●] (or 125% of the public offering price per Firm Share). The Representative’s Warrants and the Shares issuable upon exercise thereof are hereinafter referred to together as the “Representative’s Securities.” The Representative understands and agrees that there are significant restrictions pursuant to FINRA Rule 5110 against transferring the Representative’s Warrants and the underlying Shares during the one hundred eighty (180) following the commencement of sales of the Offering, and by its acceptance thereof shall agree that it will not sell, transfer, assign, pledge or hypothecate the Representative’s Warrants, or any portion thereof, or be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of such securities for a period of one hundred eighty (180) days following the commencement of sales of the Offering to anyone other than (i) a member of FINRA (as defined below) participating in the Offering, or (ii) an officer, partner, registered person or affiliate of the Representative or of any such member of FINRA; and only if any such transferee agrees to the foregoing lock-up restrictions.
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1.3.2. Delivery. Delivery of the Representative’s Warrants shall be made on the Closing Date and shall be issued in the name or names and in such authorized denominations as the Representative may request.
2. Representations and Warranties of the Company. The Company represents and warrants to the Underwriters as of the Applicable Time (as defined below), as of the Closing Date and as of the Option Closing Date, if any, as follows:
2.1. Filing of Registration Statement.
2.1.1. Pursuant to the Securities Act. The Company has filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) a registration statement, and an amendment or amendments thereto, on Form S-1 (File No. 333-[●]), including any related prospectus or prospectuses, for the registration of the Shares and the Representative’s Securities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), which registration statement and amendment or amendments have been prepared by the Company in all material respects in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission under the Securities Act (the “Securities Act Regulations”) and will contain all material statements that are required to be stated therein in accordance with the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations. Except as the context may otherwise require, such registration statement, as amended, on file with the Commission at the time the registration statement became effective (including the Preliminary Prospectus included in the registration statement, financial statements, schedules, exhibits and all other documents filed as a part thereof and all information deemed to be a part thereof as of the Effective Date pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 430A of the Securities Act Regulations (the “Rule 430A Information”)), is referred to herein as the “Registration Statement.” If the Company files any registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act Regulations, then after such filing, the term “Registration Statement” shall include such registration statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b). The Registration Statement has been declared effective by the Commission on the date hereof.
Each prospectus used prior to the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, and each prospectus that omitted the Rule 430A Information that was used after such effectiveness and prior to the execution and delivery of this Agreement, is herein called a “Preliminary Prospectus.” The Preliminary Prospectus, subject to completion, dated [●], 2023, that was included in the Registration Statement immediately prior to the Applicable Time is hereinafter called the “Pricing Prospectus.” The final prospectus in the form first furnished to the Underwriters for use in the Offering is hereinafter called the “Prospectus.” Any reference to the “most recent Preliminary Prospectus” shall be deemed to refer to the latest Preliminary Prospectus included in the Registration Statement.
“Applicable Time” means [●] [a.m] [p.m.], Eastern time, on the date of this Agreement.
“Issuer Free Writing Prospectus” means any “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 of the Securities Act Regulations (“Rule 433”), including without limitation any “free writing prospectus” (as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act Regulations) relating to the Shares that is (i) required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (ii) a “road show that is a written communication” within the meaning of Rule 433(d)(8)(i), whether or not required to be filed with the Commission, or (iii) exempt from filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of the Shares or of the Offering that does not reflect the final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company’s records pursuant to Rule 433(g).
“Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus” means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is intended for general distribution to prospective investors (other than a “bona fide electronic road show,” as defined in Rule 433 (the “Bona Fide Electronic Road Show”)), as evidenced by its being specified in Schedule 2-B hereto.
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“Issuer Limited Use Free Writing Prospectus” means any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not an Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus.
“Pricing Disclosure Package” means any Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus issued at or prior to the Applicable Time, the Pricing Prospectus and the information included on Schedule 2-A hereto, all considered together.
2.1.2. Pursuant to the Exchange Act. The Company has filed with the Commission a Form 8-A (File Number 001-[●]) providing for the registration pursuant to Section 12(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), of the Common Stock. The registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act has become effective on or prior to the date hereof. The Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act, nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration.
2.2. Stock Exchange Listing. The Shares and the shares of Common Stock underlying the Representative’s Warrants have been approved for listing on The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC (the “Exchange”), and the Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect of, delisting of the Shares or the shares of Common Stock underlying the Representative’s Warrants from the Exchange, nor has the Company received any written notification that the Exchange is contemplating terminating such listing.
2.3. No Stop Orders, etc. Neither the Commission nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any state regulatory authority has issued any written order preventing or suspending the use of the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus or has instituted or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened to institute, any proceedings with respect to such an order. The Company has complied with each request (if any) from the Commission for additional information.
2.4. Disclosures in Registration Statement.
2.4.1. Compliance with Securities Act and 10b-5 Representation.
(i) Each of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time it became effective, complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations. Each Preliminary Prospectus, including the prospectus filed as part of the Registration Statement as originally filed or as part of any amendment or supplement thereto, and the Prospectus, at the time each was filed with the Commission, complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations. Each Preliminary Prospectus delivered to the Underwriters for use in connection with this Offering and the Prospectus was or will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.
(ii) Neither the Registration Statement nor any amendment thereto, at its effective time, as of the Applicable Time, at the Closing Date or at any Option Closing Date (if any), contained, contains or will contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.
(iii) The Pricing Disclosure Package, as of the Applicable Time, at the Closing Date or at any Option Closing Date (if any), did not, does not and will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and each Issuer Limited Use Free Writing Prospectus, if any, does not conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus, and each such Issuer Limited Use Free Writing Prospectus, if any, as supplemented by and taken together with the Pricing Prospectus as of the Applicable Time, did not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to statements made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company in writing with respect to the Underwriters by the Representative expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Prospectus or the Prospectus or any amendment thereof or supplement thereto. The parties acknowledge and agree that such information provided by or on behalf of any Underwriter consists solely of the information in the table set forth in the second paragraph of the “Underwriting” section and the disclosure contained in the “Underwriting” subsections “Discounts and Commissions; Expenses” “Representative’s Warrants,” “Right of First Refusal,” “Tail Rights,” or “Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids,” “Electronic Offer, Sale and Distribution of Shares of Common Stock” of the Prospectus (the “Underwriters’ Information”).
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(iv) Neither the Prospectus nor any amendment or supplement thereto (including any prospectus wrapper), as of its issue date, at the time of any filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b), at the Closing Date or at any Option Closing Date (if any), included, includes or will include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted, omits or will omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that this representation and warranty shall not apply to the Underwriters’ Information.
2.4.2. Disclosure of Agreements. The agreements and documents described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus conform in all material respects to the descriptions thereof contained therein and there are no agreements or other documents required by the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations to be described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus or to be filed with the Commission as exhibits to the Registration Statement, that have not been so described or filed. Each agreement or other instrument (however characterized or described) to which the Company is a party or by which it is or may be bound or affected and (i) that is referred to in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, or (ii) is material to the Company’s business, has been duly authorized and validly executed by the Company, is in full force and effect in all material respects and is enforceable against the Company and, to the Company’s knowledge, the other parties thereto, in accordance with its terms, except (x) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally, (y) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under the federal and state securities laws, and (z) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought. None of such agreements or instruments has been assigned by the Company, and neither the Company nor, to the Company’s knowledge, any other party is in default thereunder and, to the Company’s knowledge, no event has occurred that, with the lapse of time or the giving of notice, or both, would constitute a default thereunder, except for any default or event which would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change (as defined below). To the Company’s knowledge, performance by the Company of the material provisions of such agreements or instruments will not result in a violation of any existing applicable law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any governmental agency or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its assets or businesses (each, a “Governmental Entity”), including, without limitation, those relating to environmental laws and regulations, except for any violation which would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change (as defined below).
2.4.3. Prior Securities Transactions. During the past three (3) years from the date of this Agreement, no securities of the Company have been sold by the Company or by or on behalf of, or for the benefit of, any person or persons controlling, controlled by or under common control with the Company, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and any Preliminary Prospectus.
2.4.4. Regulations. The disclosures in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus concerning the effects of federal, state, local and all foreign regulation on the Offering and the Company’s business as currently contemplated are correct in all material respects and no other such regulations are required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus which are not so disclosed
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2.5. Changes after Dates in Registration Statement.
2.5.1. No Material Adverse Change. Since the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except as otherwise specifically stated therein: (i) there has been no material adverse change in the financial position or results of operations of the Company or its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, nor any change or development that, singularly or in the aggregate, would involve a material adverse change in or affecting the condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, business, or assets of the Company or its Subsidiaries taken as a whole (a “Material Adverse Change”); (ii) there have been no material transactions entered into by the Company or its Subsidiaries, other than as contemplated pursuant to this Agreement; and (iii) no officer or director of the Company has resigned from any position with the Company.
2.5.2. Recent Securities Transactions, etc. Subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, and except as may otherwise be indicated or contemplated herein or disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not: (i) issued any securities or incurred any liability or obligation, direct or contingent, for borrowed money; or (ii) declared or paid any dividend or made any other distribution on or in respect to its capital stock.
2.6. Independent Accountants. To the knowledge of the Company, TAAD LLP (“Auditor”), whose report is filed with the Commission as part of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, is an independent registered public accounting firm as required by the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board. The Auditor has not, during the periods covered by the financial statements included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, provided to the Company any non-audit services, as such term is used in Section 10A(g) of the Exchange Act.
2.7. Financial Statements, etc. The financial statements, including the notes thereto and supporting schedules, if any, included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, fairly present in all material respects the financial position and the results of operations of the Company at the dates and for the periods to which they apply; and such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), consistently applied throughout the periods involved (provided that unaudited interim financial statements are subject to year-end audit adjustments that are not expected to be material in the aggregate and do not contain all footnotes required by GAAP); and any supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement present fairly in all material respects the information required to be stated therein. Except as included therein, no historical or pro forma financial statements are required to be included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus under the Securities Act or the Securities Act Regulations. The pro forma and pro forma as adjusted financial information and the related notes, if any, included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus have been properly compiled and prepared in all material respects in accordance with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations and present fairly in all material respects the information shown therein, and the assumptions used in the preparation thereof are reasonable and the adjustments used therein are appropriate to give effect to the transactions and circumstances referred to therein. All disclosures contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus regarding “non-GAAP financial measures” (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission), if any, comply with Regulation G of the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act, to the extent applicable. Each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus discloses all material off-balance sheet transactions, arrangements, obligations (including contingent obligations), and other relationships of the Company with unconsolidated entities or other persons that may have a material current or future effect on the Company’s financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, capital resources, or significant components of revenues or expenses. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (a) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries listed in Exhibit 21.1 to the Registration Statement (each, a “Subsidiary” and, collectively, the “Subsidiaries”), has incurred any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent, or entered into any material transactions other than in the ordinary course of business, (b) the Company has not declared or paid any dividends or made any distribution of any kind with respect to its Common Stock or preferred stock (c) there has not been any change in the capital of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or, other than in the course of business, any grants under any stock compensation plan, and (d) there has not been any Material Adverse Change in the Company’s long-term or short-term debt. The Company represents that it has no direct or indirect subsidiaries other than those listed in Exhibit 21.1 to the Registration Statement.
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2.8. Authorized Capital; Options, etc. The Company had, at the date or dates indicated in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the duly authorized, issued and outstanding capitalization as set forth therein. Based on the assumptions stated in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company will have on the Closing Date the adjusted capitalization set forth therein. Except as set forth in, or contemplated by, the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, on the Effective Date, as of the Applicable Time and on the Closing Date or at any Option Closing Date, there will be no options, warrants, or other rights to purchase or otherwise acquire any authorized, but unissued Common Stock or any security convertible or exercisable into Common Stock, or any contracts or commitments to issue or sell Common Stock or any such options, warrants, rights or convertible securities.
2.9. Valid Issuance of Securities, etc.
2.9.1. Outstanding Securities. All issued and outstanding securities of the Company issued prior to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement have been duly authorized and validly issued and are fully paid and non-assessable; the holders thereof have no rights of rescission with respect thereto, and are not subject to personal liability by reason of being such holders; and none of such securities were issued in violation of the preemptive rights of any holders of any security of the Company or similar contractual rights granted by the Company. The Common Stock, preferred stock, and any other securities outstanding or to be outstanding upon consummation of the Offering conform in all material respects to all statements relating thereto contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. The offers and sales of the outstanding Common Stock were at all relevant times either registered under the Securities Act and the applicable state securities or “blue sky” laws or, based in part on the representations and warranties of the purchasers of such shares, exempt from such registration requirements.
2.9.2. Securities Sold Pursuant to this Agreement. The Shares and Representative’s Warrants have been duly authorized for issuance and sale and, when issued and paid for, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable; the holders thereof are not and will not be subject to personal liability by reason of being such holders; the Shares and Representative’s Warrants are not and will not be subject to the preemptive rights of any holders of any security of the Company or similar contractual rights granted by the Company; and all corporate action required to be taken for the authorization, issuance and sale of the Shares and Representative’s Warrants has been duly and validly taken; the Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Representative’s Warrants have been duly authorized and reserved for issuance by all necessary corporate action on the part of the Company and when issued in accordance with such Representative’s Warrants, as the case may be, such Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable. The Shares and the Representative’s Warrants conform in all material respects to all statements with respect thereto contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.
2.10. Registration Rights of Third Parties. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, no holders of any securities of the Company or any rights exercisable for or convertible or exchangeable into securities of the Company have the right to require the Company to register any such securities of the Company under the Securities Act or to include any such securities in a registration statement to be filed by the Company.
2.11. Validity and Binding Effect of Agreements. This Agreement and the Representative’s Warrants have been duly and validly authorized by the Company, and, when executed and delivered, will constitute, the valid and binding agreements of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms, except: (i) as such enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally; (ii) as enforceability of any indemnification or contribution provision may be limited under the federal and state securities laws; and (iii) that the remedy of specific performance and injunctive and other forms of equitable relief may be subject to the equitable defenses and to the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefor may be brought.
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2.12. No Conflicts, etc. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement and all ancillary documents, the consummation by the Company of the transactions herein and therein contemplated and the compliance by the Company with the terms hereof and thereof do not and will not, with or without the giving of notice or the lapse of time or both: (i) result in a material breach of, or conflict with any of the terms and provisions of, or constitute a material default under, or result in the creation, modification, termination or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company pursuant to the terms of any agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party; (ii) result in any violation of the provisions of the Company’s Articles of Incorporation (as the same may be amended or restated from time to time, the “Charter”) or the by-laws of the Company; or (iii) violate any existing applicable law, rule, regulation, judgment, order or decree of any Governmental Entity as of the date hereof; except with respect to (i) and (iii) above for any such breach, conflict, violation, default, lien, charge or encumbrance that would not reasonably be expected to result in, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Change.
2.13. No Defaults; Violations. No material default exists in the due performance and observance of any term, covenant or condition of any material license, contract, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, note, loan or credit agreement, or any other agreement or instrument evidencing an obligation for borrowed money, or any other material agreement or instrument to which the Company is a party or by which the Company may be bound or to which any of the properties or assets of the Company is subject. The Company is not (i) in violation of any term or provision of its Charter or by-laws, or (ii) in violation of any franchise, license, permit, applicable law, rule, regulation, judgment or decree of any Governmental Entity, except in the cases of clause (ii) for such violations which would not reasonably be expected to cause a Material Adverse Change.
2.14. Corporate Power; Licenses; Consents.
2.14.1. Conduct of Business. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has all requisite corporate power and authority, and has all necessary authorizations, approvals, orders, licenses, certificates and permits of and from all governmental regulatory officials and bodies that it needs as of the date hereof to conduct its business purpose as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except for the absence of which would not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.
2.14.2. Transactions Contemplated Herein. The Company has all corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to carry out the provisions and conditions hereof, and all consents, authorizations, approvals and orders required in connection therewith have been obtained. No consent, authorization or order of, and no filing with, any court, government agency, the Exchange or other body is required for the valid issuance, sale and delivery of the Shares and the consummation of the transactions and agreements contemplated by this Agreement and the delivery of the Representative’s Warrants and as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except with respect to applicable Securities Act Regulations, state securities laws and the rules and regulations of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”),.
2.15. D&O Questionnaires. To the Company’s knowledge, all information contained in the questionnaires (the “Questionnaires”) completed by each of the Company’s directors and officers immediately prior to the Offering (the “Insiders”) as supplemented by all information concerning the Company’s directors, officers and principal shareholders as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, as well as in the Lock-Up Agreement (as defined in Section 2.24 below), provided to the Underwriters, is true and correct in all material respects and the Company has not become aware of any information which would cause the information disclosed in the Questionnaires to become materially inaccurate and incorrect.
2.16. Litigation; Governmental Proceedings. There is no material action, suit, proceeding, inquiry, arbitration, investigation, litigation or governmental proceeding pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened against, or involving the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any executive officer or director that is required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus which has not been disclosed.
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2.17. Good Standing. The Company has been duly organized and is validly existing as a corporation and is in good standing under the laws of the State of Nevada as of the date hereof, and is duly qualified to do business and is in good standing in each other jurisdiction in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of business requires such qualification, except where the failure to qualify, singularly or in the aggregate, would not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.
2.18. Insurance. The Company carries or is entitled to the benefits of insurance, (including, without limitation, as to directors and officers insurance coverage), with, to the Company’s knowledge, reputable insurers, in such amounts and covering such risks which the Company believes are adequate, and all such insurance is in full force and effect. The Company has no reason to believe that it will not be able (i) to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such policies expire or (ii) to obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted and at a cost that would not result in a Material Adverse Change.
2.19. Transactions Affecting Disclosure to FINRA.
2.19.1. Finder’s Fees. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no claims, payments, arrangements, agreements or understandings relating to the payment of a finder’s, consulting or origination fee by the Company or any Insider with respect to the sale of the Shares hereunder or any other arrangements, agreements or understandings of the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any of its shareholders that may affect the Underwriters’ compensation, as determined by FINRA.
2.19.2. Payments within Six (6) Months. Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not made any direct or indirect payments (in cash, securities or otherwise) to: (i) any person, as a finder’s fee, consulting fee or otherwise, in consideration of such person raising capital for the Company or introducing to the Company persons who raised or provided capital to the Company; (ii) any FINRA member; or (iii) any person or entity that has any direct or indirect affiliation or association with any FINRA member, within the six (6) months immediately prior to the original filing of the Registration Statement, other than the payment to the Underwriters as provided hereunder in connection with the Offering.
2.19.3. Use of Proceeds. None of the net proceeds of the Offering will be paid by the Company to any participating FINRA member or its affiliates, except as specifically authorized herein.
2.19.4. FINRA Affiliation. To the Company’s knowledge, and except as may otherwise be disclosed in FINRA questionnaires provided to the Representative’s Counsel, there is no (i) officer or director of the Company, (ii) beneficial owner of 10% or more of any class of the Company’s securities or (iii) beneficial owner of the Company’s unregistered equity securities which were acquired during the 180-day period immediately preceding the filing of the Registration Statement that is an affiliate or associated person of a FINRA member participating in the Offering (as determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of FINRA).
2.19.5. Information. All information provided by the Company in its FINRA questionnaire to Representative’s Counsel specifically for use by Representative’s Counsel in connection with its Public Offering System filings (and related disclosure) with FINRA is true, correct and complete in all material respects.
2.20. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. None of the Company and its Subsidiaries or, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company and its Subsidiaries or any other person acting on behalf of the Company and its Subsidiaries, has, directly or indirectly, given or agreed to give any money, gift or similar benefit (other than legal price concessions to customers in the ordinary course of business) to any customer, supplier, employee or agent of a customer or supplier, or official or employee of any governmental agency or instrumentality of any government (domestic or foreign) or any political party or candidate for office (domestic or foreign) or other person who was, is, or may be in a position to help or hinder the business of the Company (or assist it in connection with any actual or proposed transaction) that (i) might subject the Company to any damage or penalty in any civil, criminal or governmental litigation or proceeding, (ii) if not given in the past, might have had a Material Adverse Change or (iii) if not continued in the future, might adversely affect the assets, business, operations or prospects of the Company. The Company has taken reasonable steps to ensure that its accounting controls and procedures are sufficient to cause the Company to comply in all material respects with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.
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2.21. Compliance with OFAC. None of the Company and its Subsidiaries or, to the Company’s knowledge, any director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company and its Subsidiaries or any other person acting on behalf of the Company and its Subsidiaries, is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“OFAC”), and the Company will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the Offering hereunder, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity, for the purpose of financing the activities of any person currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by OFAC.
2.22. Money Laundering Laws. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any Governmental Entity (collectively, the “Money Laundering Laws”); and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any Governmental Entity involving the Company with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, threatened.
2.23. Officers’ Certificate. Any certificate signed by any duly authorized officer of the Company and delivered to you or to Representative’s Counsel shall be deemed a representation and warranty by the Company to the Underwriters as to the matters covered thereby.
2.24. Lock-Up Agreements. Schedule 3 hereto contains a complete and accurate list of the Company’s officers, directors and certain owners of record of the Company’s outstanding Common Stock (or securities convertible or exercisable into Common Stock) (collectively, the “Lock-Up Parties”) to deliver to the Representative an executed Lock-Up Agreement, in a form substantially similar to that attached hereto as Exhibit B (the “Lock-Up Agreement”), prior to the execution of this Agreement.
2.25. Subsidiaries. All Subsidiaries of the Company are duly organized and in good standing under the laws of the place of organization or incorporation, and each Subsidiary is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which its ownership or lease of property or the conduct of business requires such qualification, except where the failure to qualify would not have a Material Adverse Change. The Company’s ownership and control of each Subsidiary is as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.
2.26. Related Party Transactions. There are no business relationships or related party transactions involving the Company or any other person required to be described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus that have not been described as required by the Securities Act Regulations.
2.27. Board of Directors. Upon completion of the Offering, the Board of Directors of the Company will be comprised of the persons set forth under the heading of the Pricing Prospectus and the Prospectus captioned “Management.” The qualifications of the persons serving as board members and the overall composition of the board comply with the Exchange Act, the Exchange Act Regulations, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) applicable to the Company and the listing rules of the Exchange. At least one member of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as such term is defined under Regulation S-K and the listing rules of the Exchange. In addition, at least a majority of the persons serving on the Board of Directors qualify as “independent,” as defined under the listing rules of the Exchange.
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2.28. Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance.
2.28.1. Disclosure Controls. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has developed and currently maintains disclosure controls and procedures that will comply with Rule 13a-15 or 15d-15 under the Exchange Act Regulations, and such controls and procedures are effective to ensure that all material information concerning the Company will be made known on a timely basis to the individuals responsible for the preparation of the Company’s Exchange Act filings and other public disclosure documents.
2.28.2. Compliance. The Company is, or at the Applicable Time and on the Closing Date will be, in material compliance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act applicable to it, and has implemented or will implement such programs and has taken reasonable steps to ensure the Company’s future compliance (not later than the relevant statutory and regulatory deadlines therefor) with all of the material provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
2.29. Accounting Controls. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company maintains systems of “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined under Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act Regulations) that comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Exchange Act and have been designed by, or under the supervision of, its respective principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP, including, but not limited to, internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company is not aware of any material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting, and, if applicable, with respect to such remedial actions disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company represents that it has taken all remedial actions set forth in such disclosure. The Company’s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company have been advised of: (i) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are known to the Company’s management and that have adversely affected or are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’ ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (ii) any fraud known to the Company’s management, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.
2.30. No Investment Company Status. The Company is not and, after giving effect to the Offering and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, will not be, required to register as an “investment company,” as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
2.31. No Labor Disputes. No labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent.
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2.32. Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and each of its Subsidiaries owns or possesses or has valid rights to use all patents, patent applications, trademarks, service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, copyrights, licenses, inventions, trade secrets and similar rights (“Intellectual Property Rights”) necessary for the conduct of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries as currently carried on and as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. To the knowledge of the Company, no action or use by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries necessary for the conduct of its business as currently carried on and as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus will involve or give rise to any infringement of, or license or similar fees for, any Intellectual Property Rights of others. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written notice alleging any such infringement, fee or conflict with asserted Intellectual Property Rights of others. Except as would not reasonably be expected to result, individually or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Change (A) to the knowledge of the Company, there is no infringement, misappropriation or violation by third parties of any of the Intellectual Property Rights owned by the Company; (B) there is no pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the rights of the Company in or to any such Intellectual Property Rights, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim, that would, individually or in the aggregate, together with any other claims in this Section 2.32, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change; (C) the Intellectual Property Rights owned by the Company and, to the knowledge of the Company, the Intellectual Property Rights licensed to the Company have not been adjudged by a court of competent jurisdiction invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, and there is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others challenging the validity or scope of any such Intellectual Property Rights, and the Company is unaware of any facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim that would, individually or in the aggregate, together with any other claims in this Section 2.32, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change; (D) there is no pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, threatened action, suit, proceeding or claim by others that the Company infringes, misappropriates or otherwise violates any Intellectual Property Rights or other proprietary rights of others, the Company has not received any written notice of such claim and the Company is unaware of any other facts which would form a reasonable basis for any such claim that would, individually or in the aggregate, together with any other claims in this Section 2.32, reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change; and (E) to the Company’s knowledge, no employee of the Company is in or has ever been in violation in any material respect of any term of any employment contract, patent disclosure agreement, invention assignment agreement, non-competition agreement, non-solicitation agreement, nondisclosure agreement or any restrictive covenant to or with a former employer where the basis of such violation relates to such employee’s employment with the Company, or actions undertaken by the employee while employed with the Company and could reasonably be expected to result, individually or in the aggregate, in a Material Adverse Change. To the Company’s knowledge, all material technical information developed by and belonging to the Company which has not been patented has been kept confidential. The Company is not a party to or bound by any options, licenses or agreements with respect to the Intellectual Property Rights of any other person or entity that are required to be set forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and are not described therein. The Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus contain in all material respects the same description of the matters set forth in the preceding sentence. None of the technology employed by the Company has been obtained or is being used by the Company in violation of any contractual obligation binding on the Company or, to the Company’s knowledge, any of its officers, directors or employees, or otherwise in violation of the rights of any persons.
2.33. Taxes. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries has filed all returns (as hereinafter defined) required to be filed with taxing authorities prior to the date hereof or has duly obtained extensions of time for the filing thereof, except in any case in which the failure so to file would not reasonably be expected to cause a Material Adverse Change. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries has paid all taxes (as hereinafter defined) shown as due on such returns that were filed and has paid all taxes imposed on or assessed against the Company or such respective Subsidiary, except for any such taxes that are currently being contested in good faith or as would not reasonably be expected to cause a Material Adverse Change. The provisions for taxes payable, if any, shown on the financial statements filed with or as part of the Registration Statement are sufficient for all accrued and unpaid taxes, whether or not disputed, and for all periods to and including the dates of such consolidated financial statements. Except as disclosed in writing to the Underwriters, (i) no issues have been raised (and are currently pending) by any taxing authority in connection with any of the returns or taxes asserted as due from the Company or its Subsidiaries, and (ii) no waivers of statutes of limitation with respect to the returns or collection of taxes have been given by or requested from the Company or its Subsidiaries. The term “taxes” means all federal, state, local, foreign and other net income, gross income, gross receipts, sales, use, ad valorem, transfer, franchise, profits, license, lease, service, service use, withholding, payroll, employment, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, premium, property, windfall profits, customs, duties or other taxes, fees, assessments or charges of any kind whatever, together with any interest and any penalties, additions to tax or additional amounts with respect thereto. The term “returns” means all returns, declarations, reports, statements and other documents required to be filed in respect to taxes.
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2.34. ERISA Compliance. The Company is not subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or the regulations and published interpretations thereunder.
2.35. Compliance with Laws. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, Pricing Disclosure Package and Prospectus and as could not, individually or in the aggregate, be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change, each of the Company and each Subsidiary: (A) is and at all times has been in compliance with all statutes, rules, or regulations applicable to the services provided by the Company (“Applicable Laws”), except as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Change; (B) has not received any warning letter, untitled letter or other correspondence or notice from any other governmental authority alleging or asserting noncompliance with any Applicable Laws or any licenses, certificates, approvals, clearances, authorizations, permits and supplements or amendments thereto required by any such Applicable Laws (“Authorizations”); (C) possesses all material Authorizations and such material Authorizations are valid and in full force and effect and are not in material violation of any term of any such Authorizations; (D) has not received written notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from any governmental authority or third party alleging that any product operation or activity is in violation of any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and has no knowledge that any such governmental authority or third party is considering any such claim, litigation, arbitration, action, suit, investigation or proceeding that if brought would result in a Material Adverse Change; (E) has not received written notice that any Governmental Authority has taken, is taking or intends to take action to limit, suspend, modify or revoke any Authorizations and has no knowledge that any such Governmental Authority is considering such action ; (F) has filed, obtained, maintained or submitted all material reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by any Applicable Laws or Authorizations and that all such reports, documents, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were complete and correct in all material respects on the date filed (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission); and (G) has not, either voluntarily or involuntarily, initiated, conducted, or issued or caused to be initiated, conducted or issued, any recall, market withdrawal or replacement, safety alert, post-sale warning, or other notice or action relating to the alleged lack of safety of any product or any alleged product defect or violation and, to the Company’s knowledge, no third party has initiated, conducted or intends to initiate any such notice or action.
2.36. Real Property. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company and its Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to, or have valid rights to lease or otherwise use, all items of real or personal property which are material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, security interests, claims and defects that do not, singly or in the aggregate, materially affect the value of such property and do not interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company or its Subsidiaries; and all of the leases and subleases material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, considered as one enterprise, and under which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries holds properties described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, are in full force and effect, and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any written notice of any material claim of any sort that has been asserted by anyone adverse to the rights of the Company or any Subsidiary under any of such leases or subleases, or affecting or questioning the rights of the Company or such Subsidiary to the continued possession of the leased or subleased premises under any such lease or sublease, which would result in a Material Adverse Change.
2.37. Contracts Affecting Capital. There are no transactions, arrangements or other relationships between and/or among the Company, any of its affiliates (as such term is defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act Regulations) and any unconsolidated entity, including, but not limited to, any structured finance, special purpose or limited purpose entity that could reasonably be expected to materially affect the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ liquidity or the availability of or requirements for their capital resources required to be described or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus which have not been described or incorporated by reference as required.
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2.38. Loans to Directors or Officers. There are no outstanding loans, advances (except normal advances for business expenses in the ordinary course of business) or guarantees or indebtedness by the Company or its Subsidiaries to or for the benefit of any of the officers or directors of the Company, its Subsidiaries or any of their respective family members, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.
2.39. Industry Data; Forward-looking statements. The statistical and market-related data included in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus are based on or derived from sources that the Company reasonably and in good faith believes are reliable and accurate or represent the Company’s good faith estimates that are made on the basis of data derived from such sources. No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith.
2.40. Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company has not (i) alone engaged in any Testing-the-Waters Communications and (ii) authorized anyone to engage in Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company confirms that the Representative has been authorized to act on its behalf in undertaking Testing-the-Waters Communications. The Company has not distributed any Written Testing-the-Waters Communications other than those listed on Schedule 2-C hereto. “Written Testing-the-Waters Communication” means any Testing-the-Waters Communication that is a written communication within the meaning of Rule 405 under the Securities Act; “Testing-the-Waters Communication” means any oral or written communication with potential investors undertaken in reliance on Section 5(d) of the Securities Act.
2.41. Emerging Growth Company. From the time of the initial confidential submission of the Registration Statement to the Commission (or, if earlier, the first date on which the Company engaged directly in or through any Person authorized to act on its behalf in any Testing-the Waters Communication) through the date hereof, the Company has been and is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act.
2.42. Margin Securities. The Company owns no “margin securities” as that term is defined in Regulation U of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”), and none of the proceeds of the Offering will be used, directly or indirectly, for the purpose of purchasing or carrying any margin security, for the purpose of reducing or retiring any indebtedness which was originally incurred to purchase or carry any margin security or for any other purpose which might cause any of the Common Stock to be considered a “purpose credit” within the meanings of Regulation T, U or X of the Federal Reserve Board.
2.43. Dividends and Distributions. Except as disclosed in the Pricing Disclosure Package, Registration Statement and the Prospectus, no Subsidiary of the Company is currently prohibited or restricted, directly or indirectly, from paying any dividends to the Company, from making any other distribution on such Subsidiary’s capital stock, from repaying to the Company any loans or advances to such Subsidiary from the Company or from transferring any of such Subsidiary’s property or assets to the Company or any other Subsidiary of the Company.
2.44. Lending Relationships. Except as disclosed in the Pricing Disclosure Package, Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company (i) does not have any material lending or other relationship with any bank or lending affiliate of the Underwriters and (ii) does not intend to use any of the proceeds from the sale of the Securities hereunder to repay any outstanding debt owed to any affiliate of the Underwriters.
2.45. Smaller Reporting Company. The Company is a “smaller reporting company,” as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act Regulations.
3. Covenants of the Company. The Company covenants and agrees as follows:
3.1. Amendments to Registration Statement. The Company shall deliver to the Representative, prior to filing, any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus proposed to be filed after the Effective Date and not file any such amendment or supplement to which the Representative shall reasonably object in writing.
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3.2. Federal Securities Laws.
3.2.1. Compliance. The Company, subject to Section 3.2.2, shall comply with the requirements of Rule 430A of the Securities Act Regulations, and will notify the Representative promptly, and confirm the notice in writing, (i) when any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement shall become effective or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus shall have been filed; (ii) of the receipt of any comments from the Commission; (iii) of any request by the Commission for any amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus or for additional information; (iv) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, or of the suspension of the qualification of the Shares and the Representative’s Warrants for offering or sale in any jurisdiction, or of the initiation or threatening of any proceedings for any of such purposes or of any examination pursuant to Section 8(d) or 8(e) of the Securities Act concerning the Registration Statement and (v) if the Company becomes the subject of a proceeding under Section 8A of the Securities Act in connection with the Offering of the Shares and Representative’s Warrants. The Company shall effect all filings required under Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act Regulations, in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) (without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8)), and shall take such steps as it deems necessary to ascertain promptly whether the form of prospectus transmitted for filing under Rule 424(b) was received for filing by the Commission and, in the event that it was not, it will promptly file such prospectus. The Company shall use its reasonable best efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order, prevention or suspension and, if any such order is issued, to obtain the lifting thereof at the earliest possible moment.
3.2.2. Continued Compliance. The Company shall comply with the Securities Act, the Securities Act Regulations, the Exchange Act and the Exchange Act Regulations so as to permit the completion of the distribution of the Shares as contemplated in this Agreement and in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. If at any time when a prospectus relating to the Shares is (or, but for the exception afforded by Rule 172 of the Securities Act Regulations (“Rule 172”), would be) required by the Securities Act to be delivered in connection with sales of the Shares, any event shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which it is necessary, in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters or for the Company, to (i) amend the Registration Statement in order that the Registration Statement will not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; (ii) amend or supplement the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus in order that the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, as the case may be, will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading in the light of the circumstances existing at the time it is delivered to a purchaser or (iii) amend the Registration Statement or amend or supplement the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, as the case may be, in order to comply with the requirements of the Securities Act or the Securities Act Regulations, the Company will promptly (A) give the Representative notice of such event; (B) prepare any amendment or supplement as may be necessary to correct such statement or omission or to make the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus comply with such requirements and, a reasonable amount of time prior to any proposed filing or use, furnish the Representative with copies of any such amendment or supplement and (C) file with the Commission any such amendment or supplement; provided that the Company shall not file or use any such amendment or supplement to which the Representative or Representative’s Counsel shall reasonably object. The Company will furnish to the Underwriters such number of copies of such amendment or supplement as the Underwriters may reasonably request. The Company has given the Representative notice of any filings made pursuant to the Exchange Act or the Exchange Act Regulations within 48 hours prior to the Applicable Time. The Company shall give the Representative notice of its intention to make any such filing from the Applicable Time until the later of the Closing Date and the exercise in full or expiration of the Over-allotment Option specified in Section 1.2 hereof and will furnish the Representative with copies of the related document(s) a reasonable amount of time prior to such proposed filing, as the case may be, and will not file or use any such document to which the Representative or counsel for the Underwriters shall reasonably object.
3.2.3. Exchange Act Registration. Until three (3) years after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act.
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3.2.4. Free Writing Prospectuses. The Company agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Representative, it shall not make any offer relating to the Shares that would constitute an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,” or a portion thereof, required to be filed by the Company with the Commission or retained by the Company under Rule 433; provided that the Representative shall be deemed to have consented to each Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectus set forth in Schedule 2-B. The Company represents that it has treated or agrees that it will treat each such free writing prospectus consented to, or deemed consented to, by the Underwriters as an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433, and that it has complied and will comply with the applicable requirements of Rule 433 with respect thereto, including timely filing with the Commission where required, legending and record keeping. If at any time following issuance of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus conflicted or would conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company will promptly notify the Underwriters and will promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to eliminate or correct such conflict, untrue statement or omission.
3.2.5. Testing-the-Waters Communications. If at any time following the distribution of any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication there occurred or occurs an event or development as a result of which such Written Testing-the-Waters Communication included or would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted or would omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing at that subsequent time, not misleading, the Company shall promptly notify the Representative and shall promptly amend or supplement, at its own expense, such Written Testing-the-Waters Communication to eliminate or correct such untrue statement or omission.
3.3. Delivery to the Underwriters of Registration Statements. The Company has delivered or made available or shall deliver or make available to the Representative and Representative’s Counsel, without charge, signed copies of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (including exhibits filed therewith) and signed copies of all consents and certificates of experts, and upon request will also deliver to the Underwriters, without charge, a conformed copy of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (without exhibits) for each of the Underwriters. The copies of the Registration Statement and each amendment thereto furnished to the Underwriters will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.
3.4. Delivery to the Underwriters of Prospectuses. The Company has delivered or made available or will deliver or make available to each Underwriter, without charge, as many copies of each Preliminary Prospectus as such Underwriter reasonably requested, and the Company hereby consents to the use of such copies for purposes permitted by the Securities Act. The Company will furnish to each Underwriter, without charge, during the period when a prospectus relating to the Shares is (or, but for the exception afforded by Rule 172, would be) required to be delivered under the Securities Act, such number of copies of the Prospectus (as amended or supplemented) as such Underwriter may reasonably request. The Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto furnished to the Underwriters will be identical to the electronically transmitted copies thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR, except to the extent permitted by Regulation S-T.
3.5. Effectiveness and Events Requiring Notice to the Representative. The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Registration Statement covering the issuance of the shares of Common Stock underlying the Representative’s Warrants to remain effective with a current prospectus for at least nine (9) months after the Applicable Time, and shall notify the Representative immediately and confirm the notice in writing: (i) of the cessation of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement and any amendment thereto; (ii) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order or of the initiation, or the threatening, of any proceeding for that purpose; (iii) of the issuance by any state securities commission of any proceedings for the suspension of the qualification of the shares underlying the Representative’s Warrants for offering or sale in any jurisdiction or of the initiation, or the threatening, of any proceeding for that purpose; (iv) of the mailing and delivery to the Commission for filing of any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus; (v) of the receipt of any comments or request for any additional information from the Commission; and (vi) of the happening of any event during the period described in this Section 3.5 that, in the judgment of the Company, makes any statement of a material fact made in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus untrue or that requires the making of any changes in (a) the Registration Statement in order to make the statements therein not misleading, or (b) in the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. If the Commission or any state securities commission shall enter a stop order or suspend such qualification at any time, the Company shall make every reasonable effort to obtain promptly the lifting of such order.
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3.6. Review of Financial Statements. For a period of three (3) years after the date of this Agreement, so long as the Company is subject to the reporting requirements of either Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Company, at its expense, shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause its regularly engaged independent registered public accounting firm to review (but not audit) the Company’s financial statements for each of the three fiscal quarters immediately preceding the announcement of any quarterly financial information.
3.7. Listing. The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the listing of the Shares and the shares of Common Stock underlying the Representative’s Warrant on the Exchange for at least three (3) years from the date of this Agreement.
3.8. Reports to the Representative.
3.8.1. Periodic Reports, etc. For a period of three (3) years after the date of this Agreement, so long as the Company is subject to the reporting requirements of either Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act, the Company shall furnish or make available to the Representative copies of such financial statements and other periodic and special reports as the Company from time to time furnishes generally to holders of any class of its securities and also furnish or make available to the Representative: (i) a copy of each periodic report the Company shall be required to file with the Commission under the Exchange Act and the Exchange Act Regulations; (ii) a copy of every press release and every news item and article with respect to the Company or its affairs which was released by the Company; (iii) a copy of each Form 8-K prepared and filed by the Company; (iv) a copy of each registration statement filed by the Company under the Securities Act; and (v) such additional documents and information with respect to the Company and the affairs of any future subsidiaries of the Company as the Representative may from time to time reasonably request; provided the Representative shall sign, if requested by the Company, a Regulation FD compliant confidentiality agreement which is reasonably acceptable to the Representative and Representative’s Counsel in connection with the Representative’s receipt of such information. Documents filed with the Commission pursuant to its EDGAR system shall be deemed to have been delivered to the Representative pursuant to this Section 3.8.1.
3.8.2. Transfer Agent; Transfer Sheets. For a period of three (3) years after the date of this Agreement, the Company shall retain a transfer agent and registrar acceptable to the Representative (the “Transfer Agent”) and shall furnish to the Representative at the Company’s sole cost and expense such transfer sheets of the Company’s securities as the Representative may reasonably request, including the daily and monthly consolidated transfer sheets of the Transfer Agent and DTC. Securities Transfer Corporation is acceptable to the Representative to act as Transfer Agent for the Common Stock.
3.8.3. Trading Reports. For a period of six (6) months after the date hereof, during such time as the Shares are listed on the Exchange, the Company shall provide to the Representative, at the Company’s expense, such reports published by the Exchange relating to price trading of the Shares, as the Representative shall reasonably request.
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3.9. Payment of Expenses
3.9.1. General Expenses Related to the Offering. The Company hereby agrees to pay on each of the Closing Date and the Option Closing Date, if any, to the extent not paid at the Closing Date, all expenses incident to the performance of the obligations of the Company under this Agreement, including, but not limited to: (a) all filing fees and communication expenses relating to the registration of the Shares to be sold in the Offering (including the Over-allotment Option) with the Commission; (b) all Public Filing System filing fees associated with the review of the Offering by FINRA; (c) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to the registration, qualification or exemption of the Shares under the securities laws of such foreign jurisdictions as the Representative may reasonably designate; (d) all fees, expenses and disbursements relating to background checks of the Company’s officers and directors not to exceed $5,000; (e) fees and expenses of the Representative’s Counsel not to exceed $125,000; (f) the Underwriters’ due diligence and related reasonable expenses not to exceed $75,000; and (g) the Underwriters’ “road show” and related reasonable expenses for the Offering not to exceed $75,000, with all of the Underwriters’ actual out-of-pocket expenses under sub-sections 3.9.1(d)-(g) not to exceed $280,000. The Representative may deduct from the net proceeds of the Offering payable to the Company on the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, if any, the expenses set forth herein to be paid by the Company to the Underwriters; provided, however, that in the event that the Offering is terminated, the Company agrees to reimburse the Underwriters pursuant to Section 8.3 hereof.
3.9.2. Non-accountable Expenses. The Company further agrees that, in addition to the expenses payable pursuant to Section 3.9.1, on the Closing Date it shall pay to the Representative, by deduction from the net proceeds of the Offering contemplated herein, a non-accountable expense allowance equal to 1.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Company from the sale of the Shares.
3.10. Application of Net Proceeds. The Company shall apply the net proceeds from the Offering received by it in a manner consistent with the application thereof described under the caption “Use of Proceeds” in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus
3.11. Delivery of Earnings Statements to Security Holders. The Company will timely file such reports pursuant to the Exchange Act as are necessary in order to make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, an earnings statement (which need not be certified by independent registered public accounting firm unless required by the Securities Act or the Securities Act Regulations, but which shall satisfy the provisions of Rule 158(a) under Section 11(a) of the Securities Act) covering a period of at least twelve (12) consecutive months beginning after the date of this Agreement.
3.12. Stabilization. Neither the Company nor, to its knowledge, any of its employees, directors or shareholders has taken or shall take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that has constituted or that might reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under Regulation M of the Exchange Act, or otherwise, stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Shares.
3.13. Internal Controls. Except to the extent disclosed in the Registration Statement, Pricing Disclosure Package and Prospectus, the Company shall maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary in order to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.
3.14. Accountants. As of the date of this Agreement, the Company has retained an independent registered public accounting firm reasonably acceptable to the Representative, and the Company shall continue to retain a nationally recognized independent registered public accounting firm for a period of at least three (3) years after the date of this Agreement. The Representative acknowledges that the Auditor is acceptable to the Representative.
3.15. FINRA. For a period of ninety (90) days from the later of the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, the Company shall advise the Representative (who shall make an appropriate filing with FINRA) if it is or becomes aware that (i) any officer or director of the Company, (ii) any beneficial owner of 10% or more of any class of the Company’s securities or (iii) any beneficial owner of the Company’s unregistered equity securities which were acquired during the 180 days immediately preceding the filing of the original Registration Statement is or becomes an affiliate or associated person of a FINRA member participating in the Offering (as determined in accordance with the rules and regulations of FINRA).
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3.16. No Fiduciary Duties. The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Underwriters’ responsibility to the Company is solely contractual in nature and that none of the Underwriters or their affiliates or any selling agent shall be deemed to be acting in a fiduciary capacity, or otherwise owes any fiduciary duty to the Company or any of its affiliates in connection with the Offering and the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
3.17. Company Lock-Up. The Company, on behalf of itself and any successor entity, agrees that, without the prior written consent of the Representative, it will not, for a period of twelve (12) months after the date of this Agreement (the “Lock-Up Period”), (i) offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, change the terms of, or grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of capital stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company; (ii) file or cause to be filed any registration statement with the Commission relating to the offering of any shares of capital stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company (other than pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-8 for employee benefit plans); or (iii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of capital stock of the Company, whether any such transaction described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above is to be settled by delivery of shares of capital stock of the Company or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. The restrictions contained in this section shall not apply to (i) the Shares and the Representative’s Warrants and shares underlying the Representative’s Warrants to be sold hereunder; (ii) the issuance by the Company of Common Stock upon the exercise of an outstanding option or warrant or the conversion of a security outstanding on the date hereof or disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Pricing Disclosure Package; (iii) the issuance of Common Stock pursuant to the Company’s existing stock option or bonus plans as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Pricing Disclosure Package; (iv) shares of Common Stock, options or convertible securities issued to banks, equipment lessors or other financial institutions, or to real property lessors, pursuant to an equipment leasing or real property leasing transaction approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company; or (v) shares of Common Stock, options or convertible securities issued in connection with sponsored research, collaboration, technology license, development, marketing, investor relations or other similar agreements or strategic partnerships approved by a majority of the disinterested directors of the Company, provided the recipient of any such Common Stock or other securities issued or granted pursuant to clause (iv), or (v) of this Section 3.17 during the Lock-Up Period shall enter into a Lock-Up Agreement. The Company agrees not to accelerate the vesting of any option or warrant or allow the lapse of any repurchase right prior to the expiration of the Lock-Up Period.
3.18. Release of D&O Lock-up Period. If the Representative, in its sole discretion, agrees to release or waive the restrictions set forth in the Lock-Up Agreements described in Section 2.24 hereof for an officer or director of the Company and provides the Company with notice of the impending release or waiver at least three (3) Business Days before the effective date of the release or waiver, the Company agrees to announce the impending release or waiver by a press release through a major news service at least two (2) Business Days before the effective date of the release or waiver.
3.19. Blue Sky Qualifications. The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts, in cooperation with the Underwriters, if necessary, to qualify the Shares for offering and sale under the applicable securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions (domestic or foreign) as the Representative may designate and to maintain such qualifications in effect so long as required to complete the distribution of the Shares; provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to file any general consent to service of process or to qualify as a foreign corporation or as a dealer in securities in any jurisdiction in which it is not so qualified or to subject itself to taxation in respect of doing business in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise so subject.
3.20. Reporting Requirements. The Company, during the period when a prospectus relating to the Shares is (or, but for the exception afforded by Rule 172, would be) required to be delivered under the Securities Act, will file all documents required to be filed with the Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act within the time periods required by the Exchange Act and Exchange Act Regulations. Additionally, the Company shall report the use of proceeds from the issuance of the Shares as may be required under Rule 463 under the Securities Act Regulations.
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4. Conditions of Underwriters’ Obligations. The obligations of the Underwriters to purchase and pay for the Shares, as provided herein, shall be subject to (i) the continuing accuracy of the representations and warranties of the Company as of the date hereof and as of each of the Closing Date and the Option Closing Date, if any; (ii) the accuracy of the statements of officers of the Company made pursuant to the provisions hereof; (iii) the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder; and (iv) the following conditions:
4.1. Regulatory Matters.
4.1.1. Effectiveness of Registration Statement; Rule 430A Information. The Registration Statement has become effective not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the date of this Agreement or such later date and time as shall be consented to in writing by you, and, at the Closing Date and the Option Closing Date, if any, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto has been issued under the Securities Act, no order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus has been issued and no proceedings for any of those purposes have been instituted or are pending or, to the Company’s knowledge, contemplated by the Commission. The Company has complied with each request (if any) from the Commission for additional information. The Prospectus containing the Rule 430A Information shall have been filed with the Commission in the manner and within the time frame required by Rule 424(b) (without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8)) or a post-effective amendment providing such information shall have been filed with, and declared effective by, the Commission in accordance with the requirements of Rule 430A.
4.1.2. FINRA Clearance. On or before the date of this Agreement, the Representative shall have received clearance from FINRA as to the amount of compensation allowable or payable to the Underwriters as described in the Registration Statement.
4.1.3. Exchange Share Market Clearance. On the Closing Date, the Firm Shares shall have been approved for listing on the Exchange, subject only to official notice of issuance. On the first Option Closing Date (if any), the Option Shares shall have been approved for listing on the Exchange, subject only to official notice of issuance.
4.2. Company Counsel Matters.
4.2.1. Closing Date Opinions of Counsels. On the Closing Date, the Representative shall have received the favorable opinions of Sherman & Howard L.L.C. as to Nevada legal matters and Bevilacqua PLLC as to certain other matters in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Representative’s Counsel addressed to the Representative and stating that such opinions may be relied upon by Representative’s Counsel.
4.2.2. Option Closing Date Opinion of Counsel. On the Option Closing Date, if any, the Representative shall have received the favorable opinions of Sherman & Howard L.L.C. as to Nevada legal matters and Bevilacqua PLLC as to certain other matters, dated the Option Closing Date, addressed to the Representative and in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representative, confirming as of the Option Closing Date, the statements made by such counsel in their opinions delivered on the Closing Date.
4.2.3. Reliance. In rendering such opinions, such counsel may rely: (i) as to matters involving the application of laws other than the laws of the United States and jurisdictions in which they are admitted, to the extent such counsel deems proper and to the extent specified in such opinion, if at all, upon an opinion or opinions (in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representative) of other counsel reasonably acceptable to the Representative, familiar with the applicable laws; and (ii) as to matters of fact, to the extent they deem proper, on certificates or other written statements of officers of the Company and officers of departments of various jurisdictions having custody of documents respecting the corporate existence or good standing of the Company, provided that copies of any such statements or certificates shall be delivered to Representative’s Counsel if requested.
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4.3. Comfort Letters.
4.3.1. Cold Comfort Letter. At the time this Agreement is executed the Representative shall have received a cold comfort letter containing statements and information of the type customarily included in accountants’ comfort letters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, addressed to the Representative and in form and substance satisfactory in all respects to the Representative, dated as of the date of this Agreement.
4.3.2. Bring-down Comfort Letter. At each of the Closing Date and the Option Closing Date, if any, the Representative shall have received from the Auditor a letter, dated as of the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as applicable,, to the effect that the Auditor reaffirms the statements made in the letter furnished pursuant to Section 4.3.1, except that the specified date referred to shall be a date not more than three (3) Business Days prior to the Closing Date or the Option Closing Date, as applicable.
4.4. Officers’ Certificates.
4.4.1. Officers’ Certificate. The Company shall have furnished to the Representative a certificate, dated the Closing Date and any Option Closing Date (if such date is other than the Closing Date), of its Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer stating that (i) such officers have carefully examined the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus and the Prospectus and, in their opinion, the Registration Statement and each amendment thereto, as of the Applicable Time and as of the Closing Date (or any Option Closing Date if such date is other than the Closing Date) did not include any untrue statement of a material fact and did not omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and the Pricing Disclosure Package, as of the Applicable Time and as of the Closing Date (or any Option Closing Date if such date is other than the Closing Date), any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus as of its date and as of the Closing Date (or any Option Closing Date if such date is other than the Closing Date), the Prospectus and each amendment or supplement thereto, as of the respective date thereof and as of the Closing Date, did not include any untrue statement of a material fact and did not omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading, (ii) since the effective date of the Registration Statement, no event has occurred which should have been set forth in a supplement or amendment to the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus, (iii) to the best of their knowledge after reasonable investigation, as of the Closing Date (or any Option Closing Date if such date is other than the Closing Date), the representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct in all material respects (except for those representations and warranties qualified as to materiality, which shall be true and correct in all respects and except for those representations and warranties which refer to facts existing at a specific date, which shall be true and correct as of such date) and the Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to the Closing Date (or any Option Closing Date if such date is other than the Closing Date), and (iv) there has not been, subsequent to the date of the most recent audited financial statements included or incorporated by reference in the Pricing Disclosure Package, a Material Adverse Change.
4.4.2. Secretary’s Certificate. At each of the Closing Date and the Option Closing Date, if any, the Representative shall have received a certificate of the Company signed by the Secretary of the Company, dated the Closing Date or the Option Date, as the case may be, respectively, certifying: (i) that each of the Charter and the Company’s Bylaws is true and complete, has not been modified and is in full force and effect; (ii) that the resolutions of the Company’s Board of Directors (and any pricing committee thereof) relating to the Offering are in full force and effect and have not been modified; (iii) as to the accuracy and completeness of all correspondence between the Company or its counsel and the Commission; and (iv) as to the incumbency of the officers of the Company. The documents referred to in such certificate shall be attached to such certificate.
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4.5. No Material Changes. Prior to and on each of the Closing Date and each Option Closing Date, if any: (i) there shall have been no Material Adverse Change in the condition or prospects or the business activities, financial or otherwise, of the Company from the latest dates as of which such condition is set forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; (ii) no action, suit or proceeding, at law or in equity, shall have been pending or threatened against the Company or any Insider before or by any court or federal or state commission, board or other administrative agency wherein an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding may reasonably be expected to cause a Material Adverse Change, except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; (iii) no stop order shall have been issued under the Securities Act and no proceedings therefor shall have been initiated or threatened by the Commission; and (iv) the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and any amendments or supplements thereto shall contain all material statements which are required to be stated therein in accordance with the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations and shall conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations, and neither the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package nor the Prospectus nor any amendment or supplement thereto shall contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.
4.6. Delivery of Agreements.
4.6.1. Lock-Up Agreements. On or before the date of this Agreement, the Company shall have delivered to the Representative executed copies of the Lock-Up Agreements.
4.6.2. Representative’s Warrant. On the Closing date, the Company shall have delivered to the Representative an executed copy of the Representative’s Warrant.
4.7. Additional Documents. At the Closing Date and at each Option Closing Date (if any), Representative’s Counsel shall have been furnished with such documents and opinions as they may require for the purpose of enabling Representative’s Counsel to deliver an opinion to the Underwriters, or in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations or warranties, or the fulfillment of any of the conditions, herein contained; and all proceedings taken by the Company in connection with the issuance and sale of the Shares and the Representative’s Warrants as herein contemplated shall be satisfactory in form and substance to the Representative and Representative’s Counsel.
5. Indemnification.
5.1. Indemnification of the Underwriters.
5.1.1. General. Subject to the conditions set forth below, the Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates and each of its and their respective directors, officers, members, employees, representatives, partners, shareholders, affiliates, counsel, and agents and each person, if any, who controls any such Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act (collectively the “Underwriter Indemnified Parties,” and each an “Underwriter Indemnified Party”), against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever (including but not limited to any and all legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever, whether arising out of any action between any of the Underwriter Indemnified Parties and the Company or between any of the Underwriter Indemnified Parties and any third party, or otherwise) to which they or any of them may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any other statute or at common law or otherwise or under the laws of foreign countries (a “Claim”), arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained, or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in (A) the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Prospectus, or in any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or in any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication (as from time to time each may be amended and supplemented); (B) any materials or information provided to investors by, or with the approval of, the Company in connection with the marketing of the Offering, including any “road show” or investor presentations made to investors by the Company (whether in person or electronically); or (C) any application or other document or written communication (in this Section 5, collectively called “application”) executed by the Company or based upon written information furnished by the Company in any jurisdiction in order to qualify the Shares and Representative’s Warrants under the securities laws thereof or filed with the Commission, any state securities commission or agency, the Exchange or any other national securities exchange; unless, with respect to each subsection (A) through (C), such statement or omission was made in reliance upon, and in conformity with, the Underwriters’ Information. With respect to any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in the Registration Statement, Pricing Disclosure Package or Prospectus, the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 5.1.1 shall not inure to the benefit of any Underwriter Indemnified Party to the extent that any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense of such Underwriter Indemnified Party results from the fact that a copy of the Prospectus was not given or sent to the person asserting any such loss, liability, claim or damage at or prior to the written confirmation of sale of the Shares to such person as required by the Securities Act and the Securities Act Regulations, and if the untrue statement or omission has been corrected in the Prospectus, unless such failure to deliver the Prospectus was a result of non-compliance by the Company with its obligations under Section 3.3 hereof. The Company also agrees that it will reimburse each Underwriter Indemnified Party for all reasonable fees and expenses (including but not limited to any and all legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever, whether arising out of any action between any of the Underwriter Indemnified Parties and the Company or between any of the Underwriter Indemnified Parties and any third party, or otherwise), and further agrees wherever and whenever possible to advance payment of expenses as they are incurred by an Underwriter Indemnified Party in investigating, preparing, pursuing or defending any Claim.
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5.1.2. Procedure. If any action is brought against an Underwriter Indemnified Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought against the Company pursuant to Section 5.1.1, such Underwriter Indemnified Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing of the institution of such action and the Company shall assume the defense of such action, including the employment and fees of counsel (subject to the approval of such Underwriter Indemnified Party (which approval shall not be unreasonably delayed or withheld)) and payment of actual expenses if an Underwriter Indemnified Party requests that the Company do so. Such Underwriter Indemnified Party shall have the right to employ its or their own counsel in any such case, and the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of the Company and shall be advanced by the Company; provided, however, that the Company shall not be obligated to bear the reasonable fees and expenses of more than one firm of attorneys selected by the Underwriter Indemnified Party (in addition to local counsel). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, and provided that the Company has timely honored its obligations under Section 5, the Underwriter Indemnified Party shall not enter into any settlement without the prior written consent (which shall not be unreasonably delayed or withheld) of the terms of any settlement by the Company. The Company shall not be liable for any settlement of any action effected without its prior written consent (which shall not be unreasonably delayed or withheld). In addition, the Company shall not, without the prior written consent of the Underwriters (which consent shall not be unreasonably delayed or withheld), settle, compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in or otherwise seek to terminate any pending or threatened action in respect of which advancement, reimbursement, indemnification or contribution may be sought hereunder (whether or not such Underwriter Indemnified Party is a party thereto) unless such settlement, compromise, consent or termination (i) includes an unconditional release of each Underwriter Indemnified Party, acceptable to such Underwriter Indemnified Party, from all liabilities, expenses and claims arising out of such action for which indemnification or contribution may be sought and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act, by or on behalf of any Underwriter Indemnified Party.
5.2. Indemnification of the Company. Each Underwriter, severally and not jointly, agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its directors, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and persons who control the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the foregoing indemnity from the Company to the several Underwriters, as incurred, but only with respect to such losses, liabilities, claims, damages and expenses (or actions in respect thereof) which arise out of or are based upon untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions made in the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus, the Pricing Disclosure Package or Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto or in any application, in reliance upon, and in conformity with, the Underwriters’ Information. In case any action shall be brought against the Company or any other person so indemnified based on any Preliminary Prospectus, the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto or any application, and in respect of which indemnity may be sought against any Underwriter, such Underwriter shall have the rights and duties given to the Company, and the Company and each other person so indemnified shall have the rights and duties given to the several Underwriters by the provisions of Section 5.1.2. The Company agrees promptly to notify the Representative of the commencement of any litigation or proceedings against the Company or any of its officers, directors or any person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, in connection with the issuance and sale of the Shares or in connection with the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Written Testing-the-Waters Communication.
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5.3. Contribution. If the indemnification provided for in this Section 5 shall for any reason be unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party under Section 5.1 or 5.2 hereof in respect of any liabilities and expenses referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnified party, contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such liabilities and expenses, (i) in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and each of the Underwriters, on the other hand, from the Offering, or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, in connection with the matters as to which such liabilities or expenses relate, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, with respect to such Offering shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds actually received by the Company from the Offering of the Shares purchased under this Agreement (before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total underwriting discounts and commissions actually received by the Underwriters in connection with the Offering, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover page of the Prospectus. The relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company, on the one hand, or the Underwriters, on the other, and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such untrue statement, omission, act or failure to act; provided that the parties hereto agree that the written information furnished to the Company through the Representative by or on behalf of any Underwriter for use in any Preliminary Prospectus, any Registration Statement or the Prospectus, or in any amendment or supplement thereto, consists solely of the Underwriters’ Information. The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this Section 5.3 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to above in this Section 5.3. Notwithstanding the above, no person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act shall be entitled to contribution from a party who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.
5.4. Limitation. The Company also agrees that no Underwriter Indemnified Party shall have any liability (whether direct or indirect, in contract or tort or otherwise) to the Company for or in connection with advice or services rendered or to be rendered by any Underwriter Indemnified Party pursuant to this Agreement, the transactions contemplated thereby or any Underwriter Indemnified Party’s actions or inactions in connection with any such advice, services or transactions, except to the extent that a court of competent jurisdiction has made a finding that liabilities (and related expenses) of the Company have resulted from such Underwriter Indemnified Party’s fraud, bad faith, gross negligence or willful misconduct in connection with any such advice, actions, inactions or services or such Underwriter Indemnified Party’s breach of this Agreement or any obligations of confidentiality owed to the Company.
5.5. Survival & Third-Party Beneficiaries. The advancement, reimbursement, indemnity and contribution obligations set forth in this Section 5 shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any termination of, or the completion of any Underwriter Indemnified Party’s services under or in connection with, this Agreement. Each Underwriter Indemnified Party is an intended third-party beneficiary of this Section 5, and has the right to enforce the provisions of Section 5 as if he/she/it was a party to this Agreement.
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6. Default by an Underwriter.
6.1. Default Not Exceeding 10% of Firm Shares or Option Shares. If any Underwriter or Underwriters shall default in its or their obligations to purchase the Firm Shares or the Option Shares, if the Over-allotment Option is exercised hereunder, and if the number of the Firm Shares or Option Shares with respect to which such default relates does not exceed in the aggregate 10% of the number of Firm Shares or Option Shares that all Underwriters have agreed to purchase hereunder, then such Firm Shares or Option Shares to which the default relates shall be purchased by the non-defaulting Underwriters in proportion to their respective commitments hereunder.
6.2. Default Exceeding 10% of Firm Shares or Option Shares. In the event that the default addressed in Section 6.1 relates to more than 10% of the Firm Shares or Option Shares, you may in your discretion arrange for yourself or for another party or parties to purchase such Firm Shares or Option Shares to which such default relates on the terms contained herein. If, within one (1) Business Day after such default relating to more than 10% of the Firm Shares or Option Shares, you do not arrange for the purchase of such Firm Shares or Option Shares, then the Company shall be entitled to a further period of one (1) Business Day within which to procure another party or parties satisfactory to you to purchase said Firm Shares or Option Shares on such terms. In the event that neither you nor the Company arrange for the purchase of the Firm Shares or Option Shares to which a default relates as provided in this Section 6, this Agreement will automatically be terminated by you or the Company without liability on the part of the Company (except as provided in Sections 8.3 and 5 hereof) or the several Underwriters (except as provided in Section 5 hereof); provided, however, that if such default occurs with respect to the Option Shares, this Agreement will not terminate as to the Firm Shares; and provided, further, that nothing herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter of its liability, if any, to the other Underwriters and to the Company for damages occasioned by its default hereunder.
6.3. Postponement of Closing Date. In the event that the Firm Shares or Option Shares to which the default relates are to be purchased by the non-defaulting Underwriters, or are to be purchased by another party or parties as aforesaid, you or the Company shall have the right to postpone the Closing Date or Option Closing Date for a reasonable period, but not in any event exceeding five (5) Business Days, in order to effect whatever changes may thereby be made necessary in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or in any other documents and arrangements, and the Company agrees to file promptly any amendment to the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus that in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriter may thereby be made necessary. The term “Underwriter” as used in this Agreement shall include any party substituted under this Section 6 with like effect as if it had originally been a party to this Agreement with respect to such Firm Shares or Option Shares.
7. Additional Covenants.
7.1. Right of First Refusal. As a material inducement to the Representative entering into this Agreement, if and only if the closing of the purchase of the Firm Shares hereunder actually occurs, in accordance with the terms set forth in the engagement letter, the Company agrees that it shall provide the Representative an irrevocable right of first refusal for two (2) years from the later of the consummation of the Offering or termination or expiration of the engagement letter, but not to exceed three years from the commencement date of sales in the Offering, to act as sole investment banker, sole book-runner, sole financial advisor, and/or sole placement agent, at the Representative’s sole discretion, for each and every public and private equity and/or debt offerings, including all equity linked financings, mergers, business combinations, recapitalizations or sale of some or all of the equity or assets of the Company (collectively, a “Transaction”), whether in conjunction with another advisor, or broker-dealer, or on the Company’s own volition without a broker-dealer or other intermediary, (collectively, “Future Services”). In the event the Company conducts a Transaction without utilizing the Representative and either (i) did not provide notice to the Representative of such Transaction pursuant to this Agreement or (ii) did not permit the Representative to exercise its rights hereunder, the Company agrees to pay to the Representative, in cash, as liquidated damages and not as a penalty, the compensation that would have been payable to the Representative under the engagement letter (such compensation, the “Liquidated Damages”). The Company and the Representative acknowledge and agree that the sums payable as Liquidated Damages under this Section are in addition to all other rights of the Representative, including the right to notice hereunder. The parties further acknowledge that (i) the amount of loss or damages resulting from a breach of this provision that is likely to be incurred is incapable or is difficult to precisely estimate, (ii) the amounts specified in this section bear a reasonable relationship to, and are not plainly or grossly disproportionate to, the probable loss likely to be incurred in connection with any failure by the Company to comply with this provision, (iii) one of the reasons for the Company and the Representative reaching an agreement as to such amounts was the uncertainty and cost of litigation regarding the question of actual damages, and (iv) the Company and the Representative are sophisticated business parties and have been represented by sophisticated and able legal counsel and negotiated this Agreement at arm’s length.
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8. Effective Date of this Agreement and Termination Thereof.
8.1. Effective Date. This Agreement shall become effective when both the Company and the Representative have executed the same and delivered counterparts of such signatures to the other party.
8.2. Termination. The Representative shall have the right to terminate this Agreement at any time prior to any Closing Date, (i) if any domestic or international event or act or occurrence has materially disrupted, or in your opinion will in the immediate future materially disrupt, general securities markets in the United States; or (ii) trading if on the New York Stock Exchange or The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC shall have been suspended or materially limited, or minimum or maximum prices for trading shall have been fixed, or maximum ranges for prices for securities shall have been required by FINRA or by order of the Commission or any other government authority having jurisdiction; or (iii) if the United States shall have become involved in a new war or an increase in major hostilities as in the reasonable judgment of the Representative is material and adverse and would make it impracticable to proceed with the offering, sale and/or delivery of the Shares or to enforce contracts made by the Underwriters for the sale of the Shares; or (iv) if a banking moratorium has been declared by a New York State or federal authority; or (v) if a moratorium on foreign exchange trading has been declared which materially adversely impacts the United States securities markets; or (vi) if the Company shall have sustained a material loss by fire, flood, accident, hurricane, earthquake, theft, sabotage or other calamity or malicious act which, whether or not such loss shall have been insured, will, in your opinion, make it inadvisable to proceed with the delivery of the Firm Shares or Option Shares; or (vii) if the Company is in material breach of any of its representations, warranties or covenants hereunder; or (viii) if the Representative shall have become aware after the date hereof of such a Material Adverse Change, or such adverse material change in general market conditions as in the Representative’s judgment would make it impracticable to proceed with the offering, sale and/or delivery of the Shares or to enforce contracts made by the Underwriters for the sale of the Shares; or (ix) in the event the Exchange refuses to initiate trading or ceases trading of the Company’s Common Stock in advance of settlement, the Representative shall have the right to terminate the Offering and return all funds invested in the Offering to the investors.
8.3. Expenses. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, except in the case of a default by the Underwriters, pursuant to Section 6.2 above, in the event that this Agreement shall not be carried out for any reason whatsoever, within the time specified herein or any extensions thereof pursuant to the terms herein, the Company shall be obligated to pay to the Underwriters their actual and accountable out-of-pocket expenses related to the transactions contemplated herein then due and payable up to the amounts set forth in Section 3.9.1 and upon demand the Company shall pay such amount thereof to the Representative on behalf of the Underwriters; provided, however, that such expense cap in no way limits or impairs the indemnification and contribution provisions of this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any advance received by the Representative will be reimbursed to the Company to the extent not actually incurred in compliance with FINRA Rule 5110(g)(4)(A).
8.4. Indemnification. Notwithstanding any contrary provision contained in this Agreement, any election hereunder or any termination of this Agreement, and whether or not this Agreement is otherwise carried out, the provisions of Section 5 shall remain in full force and effect and shall not be in any way affected by, such election or termination or failure to carry out the terms of this Agreement or any part hereof.
8.5. Representations, Warranties, Agreements to Survive. All representations, warranties and agreements contained in this Agreement or in certificates of officers of the Company submitted pursuant hereto, shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of (i) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or its Affiliates or selling agents, any person controlling any Underwriter, its officers or directors or any person controlling the Company or (ii) delivery of and payment for the Shares.
26
9. Miscellaneous.
9.1. Notices. All communications hereunder, except as herein otherwise specifically provided, shall be in writing and shall be mailed (registered or certified mail, return receipt requested), emailed, personally delivered or sent by facsimile transmission and confirmed and shall be deemed given when so delivered or faxed and confirmed or if mailed, two (2) days after such mailing.
If to the Representative:
Boustead Securities, LLC
6 Venture, Suite 265
Irvine, CA 92618
Attn: Keith Moore
Email: keith@boustead1828.com
With a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
ArentFox Schiff LLP
1717 K Street, NW
Washington, DC 20006
Attention: Cavas S. Pavri, Esq.
Fax No: (202) 778-6460
If to the Company:
CleanCore Solutions, Inc.
5920 South 118th Circle, Suite 2
Omaha, NE 68137
Attention: Matthew Atkinson
Email: matkinson@cleancoresol.com
With a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
Bevilacqua PLLC
1050 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 500
Washington, DC 20036
Attention: Louis A. Bevilacqua, Esq.
Email: lou@bevilacquapllc.com
9.2. Headings. The headings contained herein are for the sole purpose of convenience of reference, and shall not in any way limit or affect the meaning or interpretation of any of the terms or provisions of this Agreement.
9.3. Amendment. This Agreement may only be amended by a written instrument executed by each of the parties hereto.
9.4. Entire Agreement. This Agreement (together with the other agreements and documents being delivered pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement) constitutes the entire agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof, and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings of the parties, oral and written, with respect to the subject matter hereof. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, it is understood and agreed by the parties hereto that all other terms and conditions of that certain engagement letter between the Company and Representative dated as of September 21, 2022 (the “engagement letter”) shall remain in full force and effect.
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9.5. Binding Effect. This Agreement shall inure solely to the benefit of and shall be binding upon the Representative, the Underwriters, the Company and the controlling persons, directors and officers referred to in Section 5 hereof, and their respective successors, legal representatives, heirs and assigns, and no other person shall have or be construed to have any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of or by virtue of this Agreement or any provisions herein contained. The term “successors and assigns” shall not include a purchaser, in its capacity as such, of securities from any of the Underwriters.
9.6. Governing Law; Consent to Jurisdiction; Trial by Jury. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to conflict of laws principles thereof. The Company hereby agrees that any action, proceeding or claim against it arising out of, or relating in any way to this Agreement shall be brought and enforced in the New York, New York, or in the United States District Court located in New York, New York, and irrevocably submits to such jurisdiction, which jurisdiction shall be exclusive. The Company hereby waives any objection to such exclusive jurisdiction and that such courts represent an inconvenient forum. Any such process or summons to be served upon the Company may be served by transmitting a copy thereof by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, addressed to it at the address set forth in Section 9.1 hereof. Such mailing shall be deemed personal service and shall be legal and binding upon the Company in any action, proceeding or claim. The Company agrees that the prevailing party(ies) in any such action shall be entitled to recover from the other party(ies) all of its reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses relating to such action or proceeding and/or incurred in connection with the preparation therefor. The Company (on its behalf and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, on behalf of its shareholders and affiliates) and each of the Underwriters hereby irrevocably waives, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
9.7. Execution in Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, and by the different parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement, and shall become effective when one or more counterparts has been signed by each of the parties hereto and delivered to each of the other parties hereto. Delivery of a signed counterpart of this Agreement by facsimile or email/pdf transmission shall constitute valid and sufficient delivery thereof.
9.8. Waiver, etc. The failure of any of the parties hereto to at any time enforce any of the provisions of this Agreement shall not be deemed or construed to be a waiver of any such provision, nor to in any way effect the validity of this Agreement or any provision hereof or the right of any of the parties hereto to thereafter enforce each and every provision of this Agreement. No waiver of any breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be effective unless set forth in a written instrument executed by the party or parties against whom or which enforcement of such waiver is sought; and no waiver of any such breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment shall be construed or deemed to be a waiver of any other or subsequent breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment.
[Signature Page Follows]
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If the foregoing correctly sets forth the understanding between the Underwriters and the Company, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement between us.
| Very truly yours, | |||
| CleanCore Solutions, Inc. | |||
| By: | |||
| Name: | Matthew Atkinson | ||
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | ||
Confirmed as of the date first written above mentioned, on behalf of itself and as Representative of the several Underwriters named on Schedule 1 hereto:
| Boustead Securities, LLC | |||
| By: | |||
| Name: | Keith Moore | ||
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer | ||
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SCHEDULE 1
| Underwriter | Total Number of Firm Shares to be Purchased | Number of Additional Option Shares to be Purchased if the Over-Allotment Option is Fully Exercised | ||||||
| Boustead Securities, LLC | [● | ] | [● | ] | ||||
| TOTAL | [● | ] | [● | ] |
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SCHEDULE 2-A
Pricing Information
Number of Firm Shares: [●]
Number of Option Shares: [●]
Public Offering Price per Firm Share: $[●]
Public Offering Price per Option Share: $[●]
Underwriting Discount per Firm Share: $[●]
Underwriting Discount per Option Share: $[●]
Non-accountable Expense Allowance per Firm Share: $[●]
Non-accountable Expense Allowance per Option Share: $[●]
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SCHEDULE 2-B
Issuer General Use Free Writing Prospectuses
None
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SCHEDULE 2-C
Written Testing-the-Waters Communications
None
33
SCHEDULE 3
List of Lock-Up Parties
12 Month Lock-Up – Officers, Directors, 5% Holders
| 1. | [INSERT] |
6 Month Lock-Up – All Other Holders
| 2. | [INSERT] |
34
EXHIBIT A
Form of Representative’s Warrant
A-1
THE REGISTERED HOLDER OF THIS PURCHASE WARRANT BY ITS ACCEPTANCE HEREOF, AGREES THAT IT WILL NOT SELL, TRANSFER OR ASSIGN THIS PURCHASE WARRANT EXCEPT AS HEREIN PROVIDED AND THE REGISTERED HOLDER OF THIS PURCHASE WARRANT AGREES THAT IT WILL NOT SELL, TRANSFER, ASSIGN, PLEDGE OR HYPOTHECATE THIS PURCHASE WARRANT FOR A PERIOD OF ONE HUNDRED EIGHTY DAYS FOLLOWING SEPTEMBER [●], 2023, WHICH IS THE COMMENCEMENT OF SALES OF COMMON STOCK IN THE OFFERING, (THE “EFFECTIVE DATE”) TO ANYONE OTHER THAN (I) BOUSTEAD SECURITIES, LLC OR A SELECTED DEALER IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFERING FOR WHICH THIS PURCHASE WARRANT WAS ISSUED TO THE UNDERWRITER AS CONSIDERATION (THE “OFFERING”), OR (II) AN OFFICER, PARTNER, REGISTERED PERSON OR AFFILIATE OF BOUSTEAD SECURITIES, LLC.
COMMON STOCK PURCHASE WARRANT
For the Purchase of [●]1 Shares of Common Stock
of
CleanCore Solutions, Inc.
1. Purchase Warrant. THIS CERTIFIES THAT, in consideration of funds duly paid by or on behalf of Boustead Securities, LLC (“Holder”), as registered owner of this Purchase Warrant, to CleanCore Solutions, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), Holder is entitled, at any time or from time to time beginning [●], 2023 (the “Commencement Date”), and at or before 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, [●], 20282 (the “Expiration Date”), but not thereafter, to subscribe for, purchase and receive, in whole or in part, up to [●] shares of common stock of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (the “Shares”), subject to adjustment as provided in Section 6 hereof. If the Expiration Date is a day on which banking institutions are authorized by law to close, then this Purchase Warrant may be exercised on the next succeeding day which is not such a day in accordance with the terms herein. During the period ending on the Expiration Date, the Company agrees not to take any action that would terminate this Purchase Warrant. This Purchase Warrant is initially exercisable at $[●]3 per Share; provided, however, that upon the occurrence of any of the events specified in Section 6 hereof, the rights granted by this Purchase Warrant, including the exercise price per Share and the number of Shares to be received upon such exercise, shall be adjusted as therein specified. The term “Exercise Price” shall mean the initial exercise price or the adjusted exercise price, depending on the context.
2. Exercise.
2.1 Exercise Form. In order to exercise this Purchase Warrant, the exercise form attached hereto must be duly executed and completed and delivered to the Company, together with this Purchase Warrant and payment of the Exercise Price for the Shares being purchased payable in cash by wire transfer of immediately available funds to an account designated by the Company or by certified check or official bank check. If the subscription rights represented hereby shall not be exercised at or before 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the Expiration Date, this Purchase Warrant shall become and be void without further force or effect, and all rights represented hereby shall cease and expire. Each exercise hereof shall be irrevocable.
2.2 Cashless Exercise. In lieu of exercising this Purchase Warrant by payment of cash or check payable to the order of the Company pursuant to Section 2.1 above, this Purchase Warrant may also be exercised, in whole or in part, at such time by means of a “cashless exercise” in which the Holder shall be entitled to receive a number of Shares equal to the quotient obtained by dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:
(A) = the FMV of one share of Common Stock;
(B) = the Exercise Price of this Purchase Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and
| 1 | [Insert 7% of the Shares sold in the Offering] |
| 2 | [Insert five years for commencement date of sales in the offering.] |
| 3 | [Insert 125% of the public offering price] |
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(X) = the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the Purchase Warrant that would be issuable upon exercise of this Purchase Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.
If Shares are issued in such a cashless exercise, the parties acknowledge and agree that in accordance with Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, the Shares shall take on the registered characteristics of the Purchase Warrants being exercised. The Company agrees not to take any position contrary to this Section 2.2.
Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, on the Expiration Date, this Purchase Warrant shall be automatically exercised via cashless exercise pursuant to this Section 2.2.
“FMV” means, for any date, the price determined by the first of the following clauses that applies: (a) if the Common Stock is then listed or quoted on a Trading Market, the value shall be deemed to be the highest intra-day or closing price on any trading day on such Trading Market on which the Common Stock is then listed or quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (“Bloomberg”) (based on a trading day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)) during the five trading days preceding the exercise, (b) if OTCQB or OTCQX is not a Trading Market, the value shall be deemed to be the highest intra-day or closing price on any trading day on the OTCQB or OTCQX on which the Common Stock is then quoted as reported by Bloomberg L.P. (based on a trading day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)) during the five trading days preceding the exercise, as applicable, (c) if the Common Stock is not then listed or quoted for trading on OTCQB or OTCQX and if prices for the Common Stock are then reported in the “Pink Sheets” published by OTC Markets Group, Inc. (or a similar organization or agency succeeding to its functions of reporting prices), the “OTC Markets Group”, the value shall be deemed to be the highest intra-day or closing price on any trading day on the Pink Sheets on which the Common Stock is then quoted as reported by OTC Markets Group (based on a trading day from 9:30 a.m. (New York City time) to 4:02 p.m. (New York City time)) during the five trading days preceding the exercise, or (d) in all other cases, the fair market value of a share of Common Stock as determined by an independent appraiser selected in good faith by the Holder and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the fees and expenses of which shall be paid by the Company.
“Trading Market” means the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC, or any of the following other markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE American, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market or the New York Stock Exchange (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
2.3 Legend. Each certificate for the securities purchased under this Purchase Warrant shall bear a legend as follows unless such securities have been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”):
“The securities represented by this certificate have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), or applicable state law. Neither the securities nor any interest therein may be offered for sale, sold or otherwise transferred except pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Act, or pursuant to an exemption from registration under the Act and applicable state law which, in the opinion of counsel to the Company, is available.”
3. Transfer.
3.1 General Restrictions. The registered Holder of this Purchase Warrant agrees by his, her or its acceptance hereof, that such Holder will not: (a) sell, transfer, assign, pledge or hypothecate this Purchase Warrant for a period of one hundred eighty (180) days following the Effective Date to anyone other than: (i) Boustead Securities, LLC (“Boustead”) or an underwriter, placement agent, or a selected dealer participating in the Offering, or (ii) an officer, partner, registered person or affiliate of Boustead or of any such underwriter, placement agent or selected dealer, in each case in accordance with FINRA Conduct Rule 5110(e)(1), or (b) cause this Purchase Warrant or the securities issuable hereunder to be the subject of any hedging, short sale, derivative, put or call transaction that would result in the effective economic disposition of this Purchase Warrant or the securities hereunder, except as provided for in FINRA Rule 5110(e)(2). After 180 days after the Effective Date, transfers to others may be made subject to compliance with or exemptions from applicable securities laws. In order to make any permitted assignment, the Holder must deliver to the Company the assignment form attached hereto duly executed and completed, together with the Purchase Warrant and payment of all transfer taxes, if any, payable in connection therewith. The Company shall within five (5) Business Days transfer this Purchase Warrant on the books of the Company and shall execute and deliver a new Purchase Warrant or Purchase Warrants of like tenor to the appropriate assignee(s) expressly evidencing the right to purchase the aggregate number of Shares purchasable hereunder or such portion of such number as shall be contemplated by any such assignment.
A-3
3.2 Restrictions Imposed by the Act. The securities evidenced by this Purchase Warrant shall not be transferred unless and until: (i) if required by applicable law, the Company has received the opinion of counsel for the Company that the securities may be transferred pursuant to an exemption from registration under the Act and applicable state securities laws, or (ii) a registration statement or a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement relating to the offer and sale of such securities has been filed by the Company and declared effective by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the ”Commission”) and compliance with applicable state securities law has been established.
4. Piggyback Registration Rights.
4.1 Grant of Right. Whenever the Company proposes to register any shares of its common stock under the Act (other than (i) a registration effected solely to implement an employee benefit plan or a transaction to which Rule 145 of the Act is applicable, or (ii) a registration statement on Form S-4, S-8 or any successor form thereto or another form not available for registering the Shares issuable upon exercise of this Purchase Warrant for sale to the public, whether for its own account or for the account of one or more stockholders of the Company (a “Piggyback Registration”), the Company shall give prompt written notice (in any event no later than ten (10) Business Days prior to the filing of such registration statement) to the Holder of the Company’s intention to effect such a registration and, subject to the remaining provisions of this Section 4.1, shall include in such registration such number of Shares underlying this Purchase Warrant (the “Registrable Securities”) that the Holders have (within ten (10) Business Days of the respective Holder’s receipt of such notice) requested in writing (including such number) to be included within such registration. If a Piggyback Registration is an underwritten offering and the managing underwriter advises the Company that it has determined in good faith that marketing factors require a limit on the number of shares of common stock to be included in such registration, including all Shares issuable upon exercise of this Purchase Warrant (if the Holder has elected to include such shares in such Piggyback Registration) and all other shares of common stock proposed to be included in such underwritten offering, the Company shall include in such registration (i) first, the number of shares of common stock that the Company proposes to sell and (ii) second, the number of shares of common stock, if any, requested to be included therein by selling stockholders (including the Holder) allocated pro rata among all such persons on the basis of the number of shares of common stock then owned by each such person. If any Piggyback Registration is initiated as a primary underwritten offering on behalf of the Company, the Company shall select the investment banking firm or firms to act as the managing underwriter or underwriters in connection with such offering. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the obligations of the Company pursuant to this Section 4.1 shall terminate on the earlier of (i) the fifth anniversary of the Effective Date and (ii) the date that Rule 144 would allow the Holder to sell its Registrable Securities during any ninety (90) day period.
4.2 Indemnification. The Company shall indemnify the Holder(s) of the Registrable Securities to be sold pursuant to any registration statement hereunder and each person, if any, who controls such Holders within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act or Section 20 (a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), against all loss, claim, damage, expense or liability (including all reasonable attorneys’ fees and other out-of-pocket expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any claim whatsoever) to which any of them may become subject under the Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, arising from such registration statement but only to the same extent and with the same effect as the provisions pursuant to which the Company has agreed to indemnify Boustead contained in the Underwriting Agreement between Boustead and the Company, dated as of October [●], 2023. The Holder(s) of the Registrable Securities to be sold pursuant to such registration statement, and their successors and assigns, shall severally, and not jointly, indemnify the Company, against all loss, claim, damage, expense or liability (including all reasonable attorneys’ fees and other expenses reasonably incurred in investigating, preparing or defending against any claim whatsoever) to which they may become subject under the Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, arising from information furnished by or on behalf of such Holders, or their successors or assigns, in writing, for specific inclusion in such registration statement to the same extent and with the same effect as the provisions contained in the Underwriting Agreement pursuant to which Boustead has agreed to indemnify the Company.
A-4
4.3 Exercise of Purchase Warrants. Nothing contained in this Purchase Warrant shall be construed as requiring the Holder(s) to exercise their Purchase Warrants prior to or after the initial filing of any registration statement or the effectiveness thereof.
4.4 Documents Delivered to Holders. The Company shall deliver promptly to each Holder participating in the offering requesting the correspondence and memoranda described below, copies of all correspondence between the Commission and the Company, its counsel or auditors and all memoranda relating to discussions with the Commission or its staff with respect to the registration statement and permit each Holder and underwriter to do such investigation, upon reasonable advance notice, with respect to information contained in or omitted from the registration statement as it deems reasonably necessary to comply with applicable securities laws or rules of FINRA. Such investigation shall include access to books, records and properties and opportunities to discuss the business of the Company with its officers and independent auditors, all to such reasonable extent and at such reasonable times, during normal business hours, as any such Holder shall reasonably request.
4.5 Underwriting Agreement. The Holders shall be parties to any underwriting agreement relating to a Piggyback Registration. Such Holders shall not be required to make any representations or warranties to or agreements with the Company or the underwriters except as they may relate to such Holders, their Shares and the amount and nature of their ownership thereof and their intended methods of distribution.
4.6 Documents to be Delivered by Holder(s). Each of the Holder(s) participating in any of the foregoing offerings shall furnish to the Company a completed and executed questionnaire provided by the Company requesting information customarily sought of selling security holders.
4.7 Damages. Should the Company fail to comply with such provisions, the Holder(s) shall, in addition to any other legal or other relief available to the Holder(s), be entitled to obtain specific performance or other equitable (including injunctive) relief against the threatened breach of such provisions or the continuation of any such breach, without the necessity of proving actual damages and without the necessity of posting bond or other security.
5. New Purchase Warrants to be Issued.
5.1 Partial Exercise or Transfer. Subject to the restrictions in Section 3 hereof, this Purchase Warrant may be exercised or assigned in whole or in part. In the event of the exercise or assignment hereof in part only, upon surrender of this Purchase Warrant for cancellation, together with the duly executed exercise or assignment form and funds sufficient to pay any Exercise Price and/or transfer tax if exercised pursuant to Section 2.1 hereto, the Company shall cause to be delivered to the Holder without charge a new Purchase Warrant of like tenor to this Purchase Warrant in the name of the Holder evidencing the right of the Holder to purchase the number of Shares purchasable hereunder as to which this Purchase Warrant has not been exercised or assigned.
5.2 Lost Certificate. Upon receipt by the Company of evidence satisfactory to it of the loss, theft, destruction or mutilation of this Purchase Warrant and of reasonably satisfactory indemnification or the posting of a bond, determined in the sole discretion of the Company, the Company shall execute and deliver a new Purchase Warrant of like tenor and date. Any such new Purchase Warrant executed and delivered as a result of such loss, theft, mutilation or destruction shall constitute a substitute contractual obligation on the part of the Company.
6. Adjustments.
6.1 Adjustments to Exercise Price and Number of Securities. The Exercise Price and the number of Shares underlying the Purchase Warrant shall be subject to adjustment from time to time as hereinafter set forth:
6.1.1 Share Dividends; Split Ups. If, after the date hereof, and subject to the provisions of Section 6.3 below, the number of outstanding Shares is increased by a stock dividend payable in Shares or by a split up of Shares or other similar event, then, on the effective day thereof, the number of Shares purchasable hereunder shall be increased in proportion to such increase in outstanding Shares, and the Exercise Price shall be proportionately decreased.
A-5
6.1.2 Aggregation of Shares. If, after the date hereof, and subject to the provisions of Section 6.3 below, the number of outstanding Shares is decreased by a consolidation, combination or reclassification of Shares or other similar event, then, on the effective date thereof, the number of Shares purchasable hereunder shall be decreased in proportion to such decrease in outstanding Shares, and the Exercise Price shall be proportionately increased.
6.1.3 Replacement of Securities upon Reorganization, etc. In case of any reclassification or reorganization of the outstanding Shares other than a change covered by Section 6.1.1 or 6.1.2 hereof or that solely affects the par value of such Shares, or in the case of any share reconstruction or amalgamation or consolidation or merger of the Company with or into another corporation (other than a consolidation or share reconstruction or amalgamation or merger in which the Company is the continuing corporation and that does not result in any reclassification or reorganization of the outstanding Shares), or in the case of any sale or conveyance to another corporation or entity of the property of the Company as an entirety or substantially as an entirety in connection with which the Company is dissolved, the Holder of this Purchase Warrant shall have the right thereafter (until the expiration of the right of exercise of this Purchase Warrant) to receive upon the exercise hereof, for the same aggregate Exercise Price payable hereunder immediately prior to such event, the kind and amount of shares of stock or other securities or property (including cash) receivable upon such reclassification, reorganization, share reconstruction or amalgamation, or consolidation, or upon a dissolution following any such sale or transfer, by a Holder of the number of Shares of the Company obtainable upon exercise of this Purchase Warrant immediately prior to such event; and if any reclassification also results in a change in Shares covered by Section 6.1.1 or 6.1.2, then such adjustment shall be made pursuant to Sections 6.1.1, 6.1.2 and this Section 6.1.3. The provisions of this Section 6.1.3 shall similarly apply to successive reclassifications, reorganizations, share reconstructions or amalgamations, or consolidations, sales or other transfers.
6.1.4 Changes in Form of Purchase Warrant. This form of Purchase Warrant need not be changed because of any change pursuant to this Section 6.1, and Purchase Warrants issued after such change may state the same Exercise Price and the same number of Shares as are stated in the Purchase Warrants initially issued pursuant to this Agreement. The acceptance by any Holder of the issuance of new Purchase Warrants reflecting a required or permissive change shall not be deemed to waive any rights to an adjustment occurring after the Commencement Date or the computation thereof.
6.2 Substitute Purchase Warrant. In case of any consolidation of the Company with, or share reconstruction or amalgamation or merger of the Company with or into, another corporation (other than a consolidation or share reconstruction or amalgamation or merger which does not result in any reclassification or change of the outstanding Shares), the corporation formed by such consolidation or share reconstruction or amalgamation shall execute and deliver to the Holder a supplemental Purchase Warrant providing that the holder of each Purchase Warrant then outstanding or to be outstanding shall have the right thereafter (until the stated expiration of such Purchase Warrant) to receive, upon exercise of such Purchase Warrant, the kind and amount of shares of stock and other securities and property receivable upon such consolidation or share reconstruction or amalgamation, by a holder of the number of Shares of the Company for which such Purchase Warrant might have been exercised immediately prior to such consolidation, share reconstruction or amalgamation or merger, sale or transfer. Such supplemental Purchase Warrant shall provide for adjustments which shall be identical to the adjustments provided for in this Section 6. The above provision of this Section shall similarly apply to successive consolidations or share reconstructions or amalgamations or mergers.
6.3 Elimination of Fractional Interests. The Company shall not be required to issue certificates representing fractions of Shares upon the exercise of the Purchase Warrant, nor shall it be required to issue scrip or pay cash in lieu of any fractional interests, it being the intent of the parties that all fractional interests shall be eliminated by rounding any fraction up or down, as the case may be, to the nearest whole number of Shares or other securities, properties or rights.
7. Reservation. The Company shall at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized Shares, solely for the purpose of issuance upon exercise of the Purchase Warrants, such number of Shares or other securities, properties or rights as shall be issuable upon the exercise thereof. The Company covenants and agrees that, upon exercise of the Purchase Warrants and payment of the Exercise Price therefor, in accordance with the terms hereby, all Shares and other securities issuable upon such exercise shall be duly and validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable and not subject to preemptive rights of any shareholder.
A-6
8. Certain Notice Requirements.
8.1 Holder’s Right to Receive Notice. Nothing herein shall be construed as conferring upon the Holders the right to vote or consent or to receive notice as a shareholder for the election of directors or any other matter, or as having any rights whatsoever as a shareholder of the Company. If, however, at any time prior to the expiration of the Purchase Warrants and their exercise, any of the events described in Section 8.2 shall occur, then, in one or more of said events, the Company shall deliver to each Holder a copy of each notice relating to such events given to the other shareholders of the Company at the same time and in the same manner that such notice is given to the shareholders.
8.2 Events Requiring Notice. The Company shall be required to give the notice described in this Section 8 upon one or more of the following events: (i) if the Company shall take a record of the holders of its Shares for the purpose of entitling them to receive a dividend or distribution payable otherwise than in cash, or a cash dividend or distribution payable otherwise than out of retained earnings, as indicated by the accounting treatment of such dividend or distribution on the books of the Company, or (ii) the Company shall offer to all the holders of its Shares any additional shares of capital stock of the Company or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of the Company, or any option, right or warrant to subscribe therefor.
8.3 Notice of Change in Exercise Price. The Company shall, promptly after an event requiring a change in the Exercise Price pursuant to Section 6 hereof, send notice to the Holders of such event and change (“Price Notice”). The Price Notice shall describe the event causing the change and the method of calculating same.
8.4 Transmittal of Notices. All notices, requests, consents and other communications under this Purchase Warrant shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly made when hand delivered, or mailed by express mail or private courier service: (i) if to the registered Holder of the Purchase Warrant, to the address of such Holder as shown on the books of the Company, or (ii) if to the Company, to following address or to such other address as the Company may designate by notice to the Holders:
If to the Holder:
Boustead Securities, LLC
6 Venture, Suite 265
Irvine, CA 92618
Attention: Chief Executive Officer
with a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
ArentFox Schiff LLP
1717 K Street, NW
Washington, DC 20006
Attention: Cavas S. Pavri
Fax No: (202) 778-6460
If to the Company:
CleanCore Solutions, Inc.
5920 South 118th Circle, Suite 2
Omaha, NE 68137
Attention: Matthew Atkinson
Email: matkinson@cleancoresol.com
With a copy (which shall not constitute notice) to:
Bevilacqua PLLC
1050 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 500
Washington, DC 20036
Attention: Louis A. Bevilacqua, Esq.
Email: lou@bevilacquapllc.com
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9. Miscellaneous.
9.1 Amendments. The Company and Boustead may from time to time supplement or amend this Purchase Warrant without the approval of any of the Holders in order to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision contained herein that may be defective or inconsistent with any other provisions herein, or to make any other provisions in regard to matters or questions arising hereunder that the Company and Boustead may deem necessary or desirable and that the Company and Boustead deem shall not adversely affect the interest of the Holders. All other modifications or amendments shall require the written consent of and be signed by (i) the Company and (ii) the Holder(s) of Purchase Warrants then-exercisable for at least a majority of the Shares then-exercisable pursuant to all then-outstanding Purchase Warrants.
9.2 Headings. The headings contained herein are for the sole purpose of convenience of reference, and shall not in any way limit or affect the meaning or interpretation of any of the terms or provisions of this Purchase Warrant.
9.3. Entire Agreement. This Purchase Warrant (together with the other agreements and documents being delivered pursuant to or in connection with this Purchase Warrant) constitutes the entire agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings of the parties, oral and written, with respect to the subject matter hereof.
9.4 Binding Effect. This Purchase Warrant shall inure solely to the benefit of and shall be binding upon, the Holder and the Company and their permitted assignees, respective successors, legal representative and assigns, and no other person shall have or be construed to have any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of or by virtue of this Purchase Warrant or any provisions herein contained.
9.5 Governing Law; Submission to Jurisdiction; Trial by Jury. This Purchase Warrant shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of California, without giving effect to conflict of laws principles thereof. The Company hereby agrees that any action, proceeding or claim against it arising out of, or relating in any way to this Purchase Warrant shall be brought and enforced in the courts located in Los Angeles, California, or in the United States District Court located in Los Angeles, California, and irrevocably submits to such jurisdiction, which jurisdiction shall be exclusive. The Company hereby waives any objection to such exclusive jurisdiction and that such courts represent an inconvenient forum. Any process or summons to be served upon the Company may be served by transmitting a copy thereof by registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid, addressed to it at the address set forth in Section 8 hereof. Such mailing shall be deemed personal service and shall be legal and binding upon the Company in any action, proceeding or claim. The Company and the Holder agree that the prevailing party(ies) in any such action shall be entitled to recover from the other party(ies) all of its reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses relating to such action or proceeding and/or incurred in connection with the preparation therefor. The Company (on its behalf and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, on behalf of its stockholders and affiliates) and the Holder hereby irrevocably waive, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, any and all right to trial by jury in any legal proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
9.6 Waiver, etc. The failure of the Company or the Holder to at any time enforce any of the provisions of this Purchase Warrant shall not be deemed or construed to be a waiver of any such provision, nor to in any way affect the validity of this Purchase Warrant or any provision hereof or the right of the Company or any Holder to thereafter enforce each and every provision of this Purchase Warrant. No waiver of any breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment of any of the provisions of this Purchase Warrant shall be effective unless set forth in a written instrument executed by the party or parties against whom or which enforcement of such waiver is sought; and no waiver of any such breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment shall be construed or deemed to be a waiver of any other or subsequent breach, non-compliance or non-fulfillment.
9.7 Exchange Agreement. As a condition of the Holder’s receipt and acceptance of this Purchase Warrant, Holder agrees that, at any time prior to the complete exercise of this Purchase Warrant by Holder, if the Company and Boustead enter into an agreement (“Exchange Agreement”) pursuant to which they agree that all outstanding Purchase Warrants will be exchanged for securities or cash or a combination of both, then Holder shall agree to such exchange and become a party to the Exchange Agreement.
[Signature Page Follows]
A-8
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company has caused this Purchase Warrant to be signed by its duly authorized officer as of the [●] day of [●], 2023.
| CleanCore Solutions, Inc. | |||
| By: | |||
| Name: | |||
| Title: | |||
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[Form to be used to exercise Purchase Warrant]
Date: __________, 20___
The undersigned hereby elects irrevocably to exercise the Purchase Warrant for ______ shares of class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Shares”), of CleanCore Solutions, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), and hereby makes payment of $____ (at the rate of $____ per Share) in payment of the Exercise Price pursuant thereto. Please issue the Shares as to which this Purchase Warrant is exercised in accordance with the instructions given below and, if applicable, a new Purchase Warrant representing the number of Shares for which this Purchase Warrant has not been exercised.
or
The undersigned hereby elects irrevocably to convert its right to purchase ___ Shares of the Company under the Purchase Warrant for ______ Shares, as determined in accordance with the following formula:
dividing [(A-B) (X)] by (A), where:
(A) = the FMV;
(B) = the Exercise Price of this Purchase Warrant, as adjusted hereunder; and
(X) = the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the Purchase Warrant that would be issuable upon exercise of this Purchase Warrant in accordance with the terms of this Purchase Warrant if such exercise were by means of a cash exercise rather than a cashless exercise.
The undersigned agrees and acknowledges that the calculation set forth above is subject to confirmation by the Company.
Please issue the Shares as to which this Purchase Warrant is exercised in accordance with the instructions given below and, if applicable, a new Purchase Warrant representing the number of Shares for which this Purchase Warrant has not been converted.
Signature
Signature Guaranteed
A-10
| INSTRUCTIONS FOR REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES | ||
| Name: | ||
| (Print in Block Letters) | ||
| Address: | ||
NOTICE: The signature to this form must correspond with the name as written upon the face of the Purchase Warrant without alteration or enlargement or any change whatsoever, and must be guaranteed by a bank, other than a savings bank, or by a trust company or by a firm having membership on a registered national securities exchange.
A-11
[Form to be used to assign Purchase Warrant]
ASSIGNMENT
(To be executed by the registered Holder to effect a transfer of the within Purchase Warrant):
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, __________________ does hereby sell, assign and transfer unto the right to purchase shares of Class B Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of CleanCore Solutions, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), evidenced by the Purchase Warrant and does hereby authorize the Company to transfer such right on the books of the Company.
Dated: __________, 20__
Signature
Signature Guaranteed
NOTICE: The signature to this form must correspond with the name as written upon the face of the within Purchase Warrant without alteration or enlargement or any change whatsoever, and must be guaranteed by a bank, other than a savings bank, or by a trust company or by a firm having membership on a registered national securities exchange.
A-12
EXHIBIT B
Form of Lock-Up Agreement
B-1
Exhibit 5.1
|
Sherman & Howard L.L.C. 50 West Liberty Street, Suite 1000, Reno
3960 Howard Hughes Parkway, Suite 500 Las Vegas, NV 89169
ShermanHoward.com |
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November 29, 2023
CleanCore Solutions, Inc.
5920 South 118th Circle, Suite 2
Omaha, Nebraska 68137
| Re: | CleanCore Solutions, Inc./Registration Statement on Form S-1 |
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We have acted as special Nevada counsel to CleanCore Solutions, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the registration by the Company of (a) up to $8,625,000 in shares of its Class B Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share (“Class B Common Stock”) including $7,500,000 in shares of its Class B Common Stock on a firm commitment basis (the “Firm Shares”) and $1,125,000 in shares of its Class B Common Stock in connection with an over-allotment option granted to the underwriters (the “Over-Allotment Shares” and, collectively with the Firm Shares, the “Offering Shares”); (b) shares of its Class B Common Stock (the “Representative’s Warrant Shares”) to be issued upon exercise of Common Stock Purchase Warrants (the “Representative’s Warrants”) granted to the underwriters in connection with the issuance of the Offering Shares; and (c) 1,741,036 shares of its Class B Common Stock (the “Selling Stockholder Shares”) to be sold by certain stockholders identified in the Registration Statement (as defined below).
The Offering Shares, the Representative’s Warrant Shares, and the Selling Stockholder Shares (collectively, the “Shares”) are to be offered under a Registration Statement on Form S-1 Registration No. 333-274928 (the “Registration Statement”) in accordance with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) under the Securities Act.
In connection with this opinion, we have examined originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of:
| (a) | the Registration Statement; |
|
CleanCore Solutions, Inc. November 29, 2023 Page 2 |
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| (b) | a form of Underwriting Agreement between the Company and Boustead Securities, LLC, acting as representative of the several underwriters (the “Underwriting Agreement); |
| (c) | a form of Representative’s Warrants; |
| (d) | the Articles of Incorporation of the Company as filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on August 23, 2022, as amended by the Certificates of Amendment of the Company as filed with the Secretary of State of Nevada on August 24, 2022 and November 21, 2022; |
| (e) | the Bylaws of the Company as adopted on August 24, 2022; and |
| (f) | certain resolutions and actions of the Board of Directors of the Company relating to the issuance of the Shares and registration of the Shares under the Securities Act. |
We also have examined originals or copies, certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of such records of the Company and such agreements, certificates of public officials, certificates of officers or other representatives of the Company and others, and such other documents, certificates, and records as we have deemed necessary or appropriate as a basis for the opinions set forth herein.
In our examination of documents, we have assumed the legal capacity of all-natural persons executing the documents; the genuineness of all signatures on the documents; the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, and the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies; that the parties to such documents, other than the Company, had the power, corporate or other, to enter into and perform all obligations thereunder; other than with respect to the Company, the due authorization by all requisite action, corporate or other of the documents; the execution and delivery by all parties of the documents; and the validity and binding effect of the documents on all parties.
We have relied upon the accuracy and completeness of the information, factual matters, representations, and warranties contained in such documents.
The opinions set forth below are also subject to the further qualification that the enforcement of any agreements or instruments referenced herein and to which the Company is a party may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, or other similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and by general principles of equity (regardless of whether enforceability is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law).
|
CleanCore Solutions, Inc. November 29, 2023 Page 3 |
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Based upon and subject to the foregoing, we are of the opinion that:
| (a) | the issuance of the Offering Shares has been duly authorized and upon issuance in accordance with the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the Offering Shares will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable; |
| (b) | the issuance of the Representative’s Warrant Shares has been duly authorized and upon issuance of the Representative’s Warrant Shares upon exercise of and in accordance with the terms of the Representative’s Warrants, the Representative’s Warrant Shares will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable; and |
| (c) | the Selling Stockholder Shares were duly authorized, validly issued, and fully paid, and are nonassessable. |
The opinions expressed herein are limited to the matters specifically set forth herein and no other opinion shall be inferred beyond the matters expressly stated. We disclaim any undertaking to advise you of any subsequent changes in the facts stated or assumed herein or any changes in applicable law that may come to our attention after the date the Registration Statement is declared effective.
While certain members of this firm are admitted to practice in jurisdictions other than Nevada, in rendering the foregoing opinions we have not examined the laws of any jurisdiction other than Nevada. Accordingly, the opinions we express herein are limited to matters involving the laws of the State of Nevada, excluding securities laws of the State of Nevada, as to which we express no opinions. We express no opinion regarding the effect of the laws of any other jurisdiction or state, including any federal securities laws related to the issuance and sale of the Shares.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and we consent to the reference of our name under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus forming a part of the Registration Statement. In giving the foregoing consent, we do not hereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.
| Very truly yours, | |
| /s/ Sherman & Howard L.L.C. | |
| SHERMAN & HOWARD L.L.C. |
Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors of Cleancore Solutions, Inc.
We hereby consent to the inclusion in this Registration Statement of Cleancore Solutions, Inc. (f/k/a CC Acquisition Corp.) (the “Company”) on Form S-1 Amendment No 1. of our report dated October 10, 2023, related to the Form S-1 Amendment No 1. with respect to our audits of the Company’s financial statements as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 and for the period from October 17, 2022 to June 30, 2023 (successor) and period from July 1, 2022 to October 16, 2022 (predecessor) and for the year ended June 30, 2022 (predecessor) which appears in this Registration Statement on Form S-1 Amendment No. 1. Our report dated October 10, 2023, relating to the financial statements includes an emphasis paragraph relating to an uncertainty as to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.
We also consent to the reference to our Firm under the caption “Experts” in such Prospectus.
/s/ TAAD LLP
Diamond Bar, California
November 29, 2023