Earnings Call
Agnico Eagle Mines Ltd (AEM)
Earnings Call Transcript - AEM Q4 2024
Operator, Operator
Good morning. My name is Joelle, and I'll be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Agnico Eagle Mines Limited Q4 2024 Conference Call. Thank you. Mr. Ammar Al-Joundi, you may begin your conference.
Ammar Al-Joundi, CEO
Thank you. Good morning and thank you for joining us. I'd like to start by thanking our employees, our communities, and our owners for their support throughout 2024 and into what we think will be a remarkable 2025. Please be advised that we will be discussing forward-looking statements and I recommend you all review the language relating to that. We'll spend a little bit of time today going over our 2024 results. You've seen the numbers. They're very good. And Jamie will do his usual excellent job of going through them in a moment. But what we really want to focus on this morning, what really excites us, is 2025 and beyond. After Jamie's review, Dominique will talk about how Patch 7 is helping to shape Hope Bay into potentially the next big multi-decade platform in Nunavut. He will also talk about something extraordinary, which is our vision to potentially get Malartic to over a million ounces a year of gold production. Then Natasha will talk about the potential to grow the Ontario platform by 50% over the next several years, including bringing Upper Beaver online and Detour's potential to get to over a million ounces a year. When I mentioned Malartic to over a million ounces a year, I purposely used the word extraordinary. That's because there's nothing ordinary about a million-ounce-a-year mine. With the potential for each of Malartic and Detour to produce over a million ounces per year, Agnico Eagle would have two of the six biggest gold mines in the world, with multi-decade mine lives in one of the best jurisdictions in the world, 100% owned by Agnico Eagle. We think that is extraordinary. Guy will then provide a brief update on our exploration program. Agnico Eagle is investing more than we've ever spent on exploration, and all of that spend is justified by some of the most exciting drill results in the business. But I'm jumping ahead. I usually do. I don't want to steal their thunder. This time last year on this call, we said we were constructive on gold prices. We felt 2024 was going to be a good year for gold. And we explicitly said this time last year that we were going to focus on cost control in a rising gold price environment. Why? Because the reason our owners invest in gold mining stocks is precisely to benefit from leverage increases in gold prices. They expect margin and cash flow expansion, and it's our job to deliver that. As it turns out, 2024 was a big year for gold, with the gold price up several hundred dollars per ounce over the year. As Jamie will discuss, for Agnico Eagle and for our owners, this increase in gold price, along with strong operational cost controls, translated into record financial results, record earnings, record cash flows, and a record share price. In 2024, we did deliver the leverage to gold prices that we promised we would. We did this by delivering record production, controlling costs, and being disciplined with our owners' money. At the same time, we continue to invest heavily in and strengthen our business. We advanced important projects, Odyssey Underground, Detour to a million ounces, Upper Beaver, San Nicolas, Hope Bay, to name just a few. We made record investments in our exploration programs and we returned almost a billion dollars directly to shareholders in the form of dividends and share buybacks and another $1.3 billion indirectly to our shareholders by reducing our net debt. Yes, 2024 was a great year for Agnico Eagle and our owners, but what you will hear this morning is that 2025 and beyond has the potential to be even better. I'll start by saying that I believe we are in the strongest position in the company's history. I don't say that lightly. Consider, we are guiding for strong and steady production over the next three years. We are guiding for the best cost profile of our peers. We have the best project pipeline I've ever seen in 25 years in this business. We have a strong balance sheet with almost a billion dollars in cash and are on our way to potentially no net debt very shortly. We operate in the best jurisdictions in the world, geologically and politically. We have great people who have experience, trust each other, and are motivated. And on top of all of that, we remain very constructive on the gold price. While we don't have a crystal ball, I would argue that all of the elements that have pushed gold up over the last 20 years not only remain in place but in fact are accelerating. We think 2025 will be a volatile year across many markets globally, including gold. But for gold, we believe this volatility will be skewed to the upside and we remain determined as much as ever to deliver this upside potential to our shareholders by continuing to deliver strong production and best-in-class cost control. Our production guidance for 2025 to 2026 is down marginally about 2.9% from previous guidance. But let's put that into perspective. It's primarily due to accommodating some difficult ground conditions at Pinos Altos, some minor deferrals of processing, and some low-grade stockpiles at Malartic, and some relatively small changes to mine sequencing. On the other hand, the steady production guidance for 2027 does demonstrate our team's ability to deliver impressive, profitable production as we transition to some of our important growth projects starting in 2030 and beyond. With strong production, peer-leading costs, and strong gold prices, Agnico Eagle remains well-positioned to continue to deliver excellent financial results, continue to invest in the best pipeline we've ever had, and continue to strengthen the balance sheet while returning substantial capital to shareholders. We can do all three. And with that introduction, I'd like to turn it over to our CFO, Jamie Porter.
Jamie Porter, CFO
Thank you, Ammar. As Ammar mentioned, 2024 was a record year on multiple operational and financial fronts. Our strong safety and operating performance drove record annual gold production, and that paired with good cost control and a higher gold price environment resulted in record earnings, record operating cash flow, and record free cash flow. We ended the year with a solid performance. Gold production in the fourth quarter was approximately 847,000 ounces, a total cash cost of $9.23 per ounce, and all-in sustaining costs of $1,316 per ounce. Higher sustaining capital in the fourth quarter was as expected as we caught up from underspending earlier in the year. For the full year, we came in above the midpoint of our production guidance at 3.49 million ounces. We were also very pleased to report that we achieved our cost guidance, with total cash costs for the year coming in right around the midpoint of our guidance at $903 per ounce and all-in sustaining costs of $1,239 per ounce, well within our guided range. We are proud of the work our teams have done and their continued efforts at controlling costs and focusing on continuous improvement. Our all-in sustaining costs continue to be hundreds of dollars per ounce below those of our peers. We reported several financial records in the fourth quarter. Again, record revenue of $2.2 billion, record adjusted earnings of $632 million, or $1.26 per share, and record operating cash flow of over $1.1 billion, or $2.26 per share. For the full 2024 year, we had record financial results again across the board, generating approximately $2.1 billion in free cash flow at an average gold price of $2,384 per ounce. At current spot gold prices, we expect significant further margin expansion and cash flow growth in 2025. I'm pleased to report that continued margin expansion and leverage of the gold price allowed us to strengthen our balance sheet significantly in the fourth quarter. During the quarter, we repaid the remaining balance of $325 million on our term loan facility ahead of the April maturity. Since the beginning of 2024, we've reduced our net debt significantly from $1.5 billion at the start of the year to just $217 million at year-end. In 2025, our debt maturities total only $90 million, which we expect to pay as due. At current spot prices, we plan to further strengthen our balance sheet and increase our financial flexibility in 2025. Looking at 2024, we prioritized returns to shareholders. Through dividends, share repurchases, and the reduction of net debt, shareholders benefited directly and indirectly by approximately $2.2 billion. We paid $800 million in dividends in 2024 and repurchased $120 million in shares for direct shareholder returns totaling $920 million, or approximately 40% of our free cash flow. Again, from a balance sheet perspective, the remainder of our free cash flow is allocated to net debt reduction of $1.3 billion. At current margins, we are fortunate to be in a position to do some of everything we want to do. We can continue our program of strong shareholder returns through the quarterly dividend and opportunistic share repurchases. We can continue to strengthen the balance sheet and improve our financial flexibility. And importantly, we can reinvest in the business by allocating additional capital to our high-return internal growth projects. As you will have seen from our guidance, our sustaining capital spending in 2025 is flat relative to 2024, but we are increasing our growth capital and exploration spending. At Odyssey, Detour Underground, Upper Beaver, Hope Bay, and San Nicolas, we have an enviable pipeline of strong return internal development projects. We will continue to take a measured approach to capital allocation with a focus on generating strong returns to our shareholders. With that, I'll turn the call over to Dom, who will provide an overview of our Quebec, Nunavut, and Finland operations.
Dominique Girard, COO
Thank you, Jamie. Looking to our 2024 results, we really hit a home run with production exceeding the midpoint of guidance and costs well under control. These results have been bolstered by outperformance at several sites, including LaRonde, Canadian Malartic, Meliadine, and Meadowbank. Specifically, I want to recognize the exceptional work done by our Nunavut team this year. They set several operational records, including record throughput at Meliadine and record gold production at Meadowbank, over 500,000 ounces. Combined with a higher gold price and excellent cost control, our Nunavut platform achieved a record operating margin of $1.3 billion in 2024. I'm pleased to share that we did not only meet our cost and production guidance, but we also maintained high safety standards across the sites, setting new safety records low at Meliadine, Meadowbank, and Kittila. I would like to take this opportunity to thank all our employees and contractors for their continuous efforts in improving safety and their hard work, which drove those excellent results in 2024. Looking to the next three years, I'm confident that we will meet our targets that Ammar just mentioned. One of the main reasons is because we continue to be in a position with few distractions and a low turnover, allowing our team to focus on productivity improvements. We saw the result of these efforts in 2024, and we intend to continue leveraging opportunities like gradually introducing technologies that enhance production, such as increasing the use of underground automated equipment at various sites. Now moving to our growth vision. I would like to bring your attention to three main projects. First, at Meadowbank, our team is working to extend the life of the mine beyond 2028. Considering the current gold price and the low risk associated with this, we are evaluating different scenarios and we expect preliminary findings by the end of this year about Meadowbank expansion. Another exciting opportunity, also in Nunavut, is Hope Bay. With the new Patch 7 result, we now have in hand the resource to work on a production plan of over 400,000 ounces per year for many years. Guy will talk about Patch 7 later. It appears to be the best grade between the three known deposits at Hope Bay. While we continue to drill and expand the mineral resource, our Q1 priority is to freeze the project scope, incorporating Patch 7 resources, and then to focus on detailed engineering. Our target is to reach over 40% engineering by the end of this year to de-risk and secure the project execution before potentially green-lighting the project. It is similar to what we did at Meliadine when we built it. We expect to give more details to the market in the first half of 2026 about Hope Bay. The last exciting growth project I would like to bring to your attention is the fill-the-mill strategy at Malartic. We are currently transitioning from the biggest open-pit gold mine in Canada to the biggest underground gold mine in Canada. The transition should be completed in 2029 when we forecast gold production of around 550,000 ounces per year. Our next step is to pave the way for our vision of potentially processing one million ounces annually at Malartic. With Canadian Malartic reaching one million ounces per year, we could have, as Ammar mentioned, two of the top six largest gold mines in the world. And I would like just to underline that, but it is not just only top mines, but they will also be located in Canada, a stable jurisdiction known for its high environmental and safety standards. On the top right of slide 9, you could see the picture of the Odyssey shaft. I'm pleased to report that the project is progressing very well, both on schedule and on cost, as outlined on the slide. To finish my part, I would like to give you some insight about our fill-the-mill strategy and our vision to achieve the 1 million ounces at Malartic. The mill has a total capacity of 60,000 tons per day. Starting in 2029, as we transition to higher underground grade, approximately 400,000 ounces will become available. We are working hard to capitalize on this opportunity, and here are the building blocks for that vision. First, second shaft at Odyssey. Guy will provide more detail on this, but we continue to expand the underground zones and there is room for a second shaft, which could be adding around 200,000 ounces per year. We are expecting to provide more information by the end of 2026 about the second shaft. Second, at Marban, with the recent transaction with O3, we continue consolidating the prospective land around Malartic. The Malartic property or the Marban property located about 15 kilometers from Canadian Malartic can potentially feed the Malartic mill with an additional 130,000 ounces per year. We are also anticipating to provide more detail on this in 2026. Last, at Wasamac, we are advancing the technical evaluation, the permitting, and the community engagement for this project, which could also contribute to additional ounces of about 100,000 ounces per year at the Malartic mill. With these three blocks, in addition to the current mine plan, we see the potential for 1 million ounces at Canadian Malartic in the early 30s. In terms of tonnage, these projects together with the Odyssey, we could fill the mill up to about 45,000 tons per day, leaving approximately 10,000 to 15,000 tons per day still available as capacity. So stay tuned. We currently have 25 drills turning to continue finding more gold at the Malartic Camp, and I'm excited about what's next. On that, I will pass it on to Natasha.
Natasha Vaz, COO
Thanks, Dom, and good morning, everyone. So I'll cover the operational highlights for Ontario, Mexico, and Australia. The regions delivered good operating and cost performance in the fourth quarter, which translated into a solid overall performance for the year. Starting on the safety front, Macassa and La India both had records in our safety performance in 2024. Macassa is an operation that was steadily growing last year, while La India was moving closer to closure. Given that both operations were in a state of change, it's easy to become distracted when there's a reduction in workforce, as was the case at La India. So I just wanted to take a second and congratulate both sites. It says a lot about the safety culture that you've developed and your consistent focus on safe production. Now, as Dom mentioned, we have a lot of records to celebrate across our sites this year, and these records are a direct result of the continued focus on increasing operational efficiencies and cost control at all our sites. And Detour, Macassa, and Fosterville were no exceptions. Detour set a third consecutive quarterly mill throughput record. Last quarter, they hit a throughput rate just ahead of the targeted 76,700 tons per day. Macassa also finished the year strong. On the back of productivity improvements, they hit annual mill throughput and annual production records. Over at Fosterville, they broke their record of annual underground tons mined. They also successfully opened a third mining front with the commencement of production at Robbins Hill. And then at Pinos Altos, this was a tough year for them. The team worked very hard, but this is a mature mine that effectively operates six satellite deposits where we are either mining at the extremities of the ore body or in remnant areas, both of which are not easy to mine. So we have taken a step back and we have reassessed the productivity rates going into 2025 with a focus on cost control. So looking back, yes, we had a lot of good things that our teams delivered on in 2024. But looking forward, we have a lot of exciting things on the go as well. And we'll start with Macassa. We are looking at debottlenecking the mill now. This includes working on a number of initiatives to optimize parts of the circuit, reduce downtime, increase efficiencies, and basically improve the mill throughput. At Fosterville, the site completed an initial assessment at the end of the year that shows the potential to increase annual production to an average of approximately 175,000 ounces. The team is going to continue to conduct further technical evaluations and do some infill drilling to confirm the feasibility of the scenario so that we will be able to incorporate these results into future guidance. Over at San Nicolas, the plan is to continue to work on the feasibility study and develop the execution strategy. Project approval is expected to follow, of course, depending on the receipt of the permits and the results of the study. Now, coming back to our Ontario platform, Detour Underground and Upper Beaver are two projects that we are most excited about because they present an opportunity to grow low-risk, profitable production in one of the best mining jurisdictions in the world. And as Ammar mentioned, with the addition of these two projects, we could potentially see gold production from our Ontario operations grow by 50%, beginning as early as 2030. So I'll touch on both of the projects in the following slide. Starting with Detour, this is a world-class asset. The update we provided last June outlined a pathway for Detour to be a 1 million ounce producer annually for over 14 years, beginning as early as 2030. Last year, we approved the development of an exploration ramp and a collection of bulk samples to further de-risk the project. It's still early days, but some really good progress has been made. We've been completing the site preparation, and upon receipt of the permit to take water, we will commence the ramp development. Now, as for Upper Beaver, this is another low-risk opportunity to grow the production profile in a camp we know well. So like at Detour, we are taking the next steps to de-risk and optimize the project. We are advancing the site preparation to excavate the exploration ramp and sink the shaft that was approved in July. We are making very good progress here. The road access, the main earthworks for the site, and some temporary infrastructure were completed. The power line coming to the site was energized, the shaft collar was excavated, the Galloway was installed, and the foundations for the headframe were completed. There's a lot of good work being done by the team there. Thinking of the exploration shaft, the ramp development is expected to commence in the fourth quarter of 2025. Both Detour Underground and Upper Beaver are good projects with strong risk-adjusted returns and, as I said before, are drivers of future growth for our Ontario platform. And so we will continue advancing these projects throughout 2025. With that, I'll pass it over to Guy, who will discuss our exploration program and some positive results.
Guy Gosselin, VP of Exploration
Thank you, Natasha, and good morning, everybody. In the next couple of slides, I would like to talk about four things: One, how we have been successful over the year since the merger at replacing production and growing our mineral reserves and mineral resources base. Two, how Malartic has evolved since the initial acquisition in 2014 from being the largest open pit to arguably one of the largest underground deposits in Canada that continue to grow and has the potential with a satellite deposit that Dominique described previously to reach our vision of one million ounces of gold a year for decades to come. Three, our Detour that was brought into the merger by Kirkland following its acquisition in 2020, has the potential to be one million ounces of gold for decades also, with the combined open pit and underground, while the deposit remains wide open at depth. And four, Hope Bay, where we continue to see excellent exploration results as a potential to replace Meadowbank in the near future, as highlighted by our very nice discovery at Patch 7. So to start on Page 12, the Mineral Reserve and Mineral Resources Profile show a growth trend over the last four years, demonstrating our ability to replace depreciation from production from a combination of exploration success at our operating assets and progress made at some key value driver projects that we expect to integrate into our development plan over time. And that, using one of the most conservative gold price assumptions in the industry, at $1,450, which is about 50% of the spot gold price. Talking globally about our ambitious exploration program, I would like to take this opportunity to commend the exploration team and our multiple drill service provider that delivered more than 1.2 million meters of core diamond drilling in 2024 while achieving its best health and safety performance ever. And I would also like to thank our drilling excellence team and our drill service provider that have helped our site make meaningful progress at implementing mechanized and autonomous features that make diamond drilling safer, more productive, and therefore more cost-efficient. Now more than 10 years after the initial acquisition of the project, we continue to see tremendous potential. I would like to bring your attention to the chart on the right-hand side of the slide that shows the evolution of production, mineral reserves, and mineral resources since the acquisition in 2014, what we like to call internally our what we bought, what we got chart. That shows how successful our exploration has been over the years, making discoveries and growing over time while we were mining the open pit. I would like to take this opportunity to thank and congratulate the exploration team that made the discovery. That will be recognized at the upcoming PDAC event in Toronto in March with the prestigious Bill Dennis Award for the discovery of the year with the East Gouldie deposit. In 2024, as Dominique mentioned, more than 25 rigs were on site, some infilling the deposit from an increasing number of underground exploration platforms that became available with the underground mine development, and some from the surface, testing the lateral extension to the east, to the west, and regionally, in total, completing north of 200,000 meters of drilling, again leading to a growth in mineral reserves and mineral resources in the underground mine. Moving to Slide 14, at Detour, where the surface infrastructure for advanced exploration projects announced last June are being prepared for the land development to start in 2025, the aggressive surface exploration program continued in 2024 with north of 220,000 meters of drilling completed, returning strong results both in the saddle, west pit, and western extension of the ore body. The results have led to a meaningful addition of indicated and inferred mineral resources to the west of the open pit, as we can see on the long section. When looking at the progress over the last five years on the chart on the right-hand side, it shows how the deposit has grown over time and still remains open to grow at depth to the west. And finally, on Slide 15, at Hope Bay, a total of more than 118,000 meters of drilling was completed in 2024, focusing on the newly discovered Patch 7 zone in the Madrid deposit area. Infill drilling confirmed the grade and continuity of the core portion of the deposit, leading to an initial declaration of indicated mineral resources exceeding 900,000 ounces at 6.6 grams per ton diluted, plus an additional 800,000 ounces in inferred mineral resources, and still remain open to grow laterally. That significantly increased the total mineral resources available in the Madrid deposit area that will be used to update our potential project development scenario. In 2025, the focus will remain to grow the Madrid deposit area as we see other opportunities to make additional discoveries like we did in the patch of an area along the 80-kilometer-long greenstone belt. And on that, I would like to return the microphone to Ammar for some closing remarks.
Ammar Al-Joundi, CEO
Thank you, Guy. We are going to stick to the strategy that has worked for us for decades. One, we are going to focus on low-risk, high-quality jurisdictions. That means jurisdictions that have the geologic potential for multiple mines over multiple decades and the political stability to actually operate multiple mines for multiple decades. That regional focus transcends into a manageable business, good cost control, low turnover, and a number of other things. We want to be the highest quality business we possibly can be. That means we set very high standards for ourselves, for the environment, and for our behavior in the communities that we are in. We believe in disciplined capital deployment, and to us, discipline is 90% about knowledge. Have you done your homework before you spend your owners' money? And we do that. We believe we are uniquely positioned. We are uniquely positioned in some of the best regions in the world. We've built a competitive advantage in the areas that we operate, and we are uniquely positioned in Nunavut. We also focus on strong financials. Per-share metrics are what drive us. Return on capital, which is a fancy word for return on equity and our shareholders' money, that is something that we continue to focus on. We've paid a dividend for 41 consecutive years, and we look forward to increasing returns to shareholders going forward. I'm going to take a couple of minutes to talk about two items, two questions that are coming up, and I want to address them head-on. So one question is, is Agnico priced to perfection? Certainly, our share prices performed well over the past year. But let's face it, gold prices are up $1,000 an ounce. And as the gold prices went up $1,000 an ounce, we controlled our costs, which means we expanded margins and we actually delivered substantially increased margins to our owners. So of course, the share price went up. It should have gone up, and it did go up. So the real question is, is there room for the share price to go up even more? Looking forward, frankly, I'm not allowed to talk about future earnings. However, we've given guidance on production, and you all know what the spot price is. At current spot prices and given our production guidance, you can do the math; it suggests annual revenue of about $10 billion, which means that Agnico Eagle is trading at around 5x revenue. That's not a crazy multiple. In fact, one could argue that's a low multiple both in the gold and in other industries. Of course, the relevance of a revenue multiple depends on margins. Well, at current spot prices and our $940 guidance, that implies about $2,000 an ounce. So that's pretty good margin. At the same time, we see potential growth in ounces per share. We are buying back stock. We are strengthening the balance sheet. So have we performed well? Yes. Has the market rewarded us and our owners for that? Yes. Are we priced to perfection? No. I think we are priced for what we've delivered. And we have a lot of room going forward to continue to grow and add value. The second question, and then I'll stop, is, well, look, Agnico and others, they're operating in safe jurisdictions. They perform better. Is this the time to shift from these safe jurisdictions to riskier jurisdictions? And that's a fair question and one that investors should always consider and always ask. But let me ask you this. Do you think the world is getting less risky or more risky? Do you think we are moving towards fewer trade barriers or more trade barriers? Do you think the world is moving to less nationalism or more nationalism? And then, finally, and this is important, at roughly $2,000 between cash costs and spot gold, do you think that governments around the world are going to pay less attention to these margins or more attention to these margins? So I would argue that Agnico Eagle has done well because we've delivered to our shareholders, and I would argue that certainly at these prices, we are going to do even better. And I would also argue, and of course, I'm speaking my own book personally that I'd like to stay in safe jurisdictions. And with that, let's open it up to questions.
Operator, Operator
Thank you. Your first question comes from Anita Soni with CIBC World Markets. Your line is now open.
Anita Soni, Analyst
Hi, good morning, Ammar, Jamie, Dominique, and Natasha. Congratulations on a really solid year. I'm going to limit my one question to Hope Bay and when you expect that, like what's the timeline for delivery and when do you expect to see that onset starting? Can you give us an idea of where that was got into the growth pipeline?
Dominique Girard, COO
Good morning, Anita. Dominique speaking. So this year's focus is really to freeze the scope of the project. As now we are including the Patch 7 resources, we still need to reshuffle and to look at the mine plan and to be at 40% engineering done by the end of the year. It is the same approach we did at Meliadine, if you recall, where before announcing a project, especially in Nunavut, we need to have to de-risk it. We are going to be there early next year. So in the first half of 2026, we are expecting to give more detail about our project.
Anita Soni, Analyst
Okay. How long would it take to, like when do you, is it near the end of the decade that you think this could start up, or is this more early next decade?
Dominique Girard, COO
It is more early next decade.
Anita Soni, Analyst
Okay. And I'll leave it there and take it and pass it on to the next.
Ammar Al-Joundi, CEO
Thank you.
Dominique Girard, COO
Thanks, Anita.
Operator, Operator
Your next question comes from Josh Wolfson with RBC Capital Markets. Your line is now open.
Joshua Wolfson, Analyst
Thanks very much. Just a question first on the capital allocation. The free cash flow continues to be very strong here. We are projecting the company to be in a net cash position in the very near future. The dividend was kept flat. The buyback is light. The company is pretty much full tilt on project advancement. So how should we think about excess cash being allocated going forward?
Jamie Porter, CFO
Yes, thanks, Josh. It's Jamie here. So yes, I mean, if you look back at 2024, and I referenced it in my comments, we've returned about 43% of our free cash flow to shareholders directly through the dividend and through the share buyback. The gold price has risen pretty dramatically here in the first part of the year. Like, our average realized price in Q4 was 2,660, and we are up around 2,900 now. So for the time being, obviously, we'll continue with the dividend at the current rate, about $800 million annually, and we'll be opportunistic in terms of share repurchases. But even with the current gold price and our projected free cash flow, we'll still be returning about a third of that cash flow directly to shareholders while the majority of the rest goes to improving the balance sheet and getting to that net cash position, as you suggested.
Ammar Al-Joundi, CEO
But Josh, as we've talked about, at these levels, Jamie and the team and through the work the operations, our balance sheet is very strong and, as Jamie said, as we are generating more cash, which we will at these levels, we are going to be returning more money to our shareholders.
Joshua Wolfson, Analyst
Okay. And then my next question is just conceptually, sort of looking at the different projects and the context of the three-year guide. The outlook is for stable production, which is commendable for some of the large companies out there. Is there a point in time at which the company is looking to project growth or net volume growth? Or as an aside, is that even an objective for the team?
Ammar Al-Joundi, CEO
That's a good question. We are giving three-year guidance, so we don't give beyond that, but I'll answer at a broad level. First and foremost, we are genuinely looking to make money per share. We are only interested in growing if that growth creates value for our shareholders. That said, we see a lot of that. We are probably a lot more conservative in our long-term projections, but I think, and you know our company as well as anybody, with the projects that we have, we anticipate continued growth absolutely and per share. I mean, again, subject to a volatile world. Natasha talked about a 50% increase in production in Ontario. Dominique talked about Hope Bay being the next platform, several hundred thousand ounces a year in Nunavut. Malartic potentially getting to over a million ounces a year. We tend, Josh, to beat our chests not very loudly here, and we are always careful to not overpromise. But I was sincere when I said I think we've got the best pipeline I've ever seen in the business in 25 years. And remember, I spent a lot of that time as a financial guy looking at dollars and cents. So these are profitable projects we are looking at.
Joshua Wolfson, Analyst
Thank you.
Operator, Operator
Your next question comes from Daniel Major with UBS. Your line is now open.
Daniel Major, Analyst
Hi, thanks. Can you hear me okay?
Ammar Al-Joundi, CEO
Yes, we can.
Daniel Major, Analyst
Great, thanks. Yes, my question, just looking at the pipeline and the profile beyond your three-year guidance, I guess as we move towards the end of the decade, there's a little bit of a gap before the main projects come in, in the early 2030s. Can you give us an update on Meadowbank, where you see life of mine as the scope to add any extension there before Hope Bay comes through?
Dominique Girard, COO
Yes, Daniel, Dominique speaking. Yes, the team is all working on different scenarios. The vision or their plan is to extend to operate from underground. So at this stage, we know that the pit is depleting in 2028. So the objective is going to be to keep it running just with underground. That needs to keep a good cost, for example, to run the mill probably on 3 weeks in, 3 weeks out, because it's a big mill. So we are doing different trade-offs. That will not be the cheapest answers, but with the current gold price environment, that's going to generate cash. We could end up with 150,000 ounces per year after 2028 up to 2035. So that could be a good thing. When you think about that, we talk about two platforms at 1 million ounces, but Nunavut could also, if we call it a platform, be in that range. With Meliadine at 350, 400, let's say Hope Bay in the 400, and if you add Meadowbank at 150, we are getting 200 million ounces in Canada.
Daniel Major, Analyst
Okay, thanks. If I could ask one more, if that's okay. Just a quick update on the license progression at San Nicolas, any new information there?
Natasha Vaz, COO
Hi, Daniel. This is Natasha speaking. So we did submit the MIA-R and the ETJ, which are the Environmental Impact Assessment and the Change of Land Use Permit in Q1 last year. Things are progressing. The regulators are looking at the documents and asking questions. So far, nothing more, to be quite honest. In terms of the proposed constitutional changes as it relates to open-pit mining, it's still unclear on that end whether it's going to be approved or passed into law or whether it has any impacts on the San Nicolas project.
Daniel Major, Analyst
Very good. Thanks, all. Let someone else have a go. Thanks a lot.
Operator, Operator
Your next question comes from Lawson Winder with Bank of America Securities. Your line is now open.
Lawson Winder, Analyst
Thank you very much, operator. Good morning, Ammar and team. Thanks for the presentation today. I wanted to ask about actually some of the comments, Guy, that you made. You spoke to the additional 10,000 to 15,000 tons per day of capacity at Malartic, and you mentioned specifically drills at Odyssey and Wasamac. And I guess I would ask, rather than just sort of staying tuned, maybe you could give us a hint of what you're thinking there. Like, is there a thought that there could ultimately be the potential for a third shaft at Odyssey? And then with Wasamac, are there early indications that the underground processing rate could actually be far in excess of 3,000 tons per day at some point?
Dominique Girard, COO
Hello, Lawson, Dominique. I'll address the question. Currently, the throughput for Odyssey Phase 1 is 20,000 tons per day, while the second shaft for Odyssey is estimated to be between 8,000 and 10,000 tons per day, which is still in progress. Marban has a throughput of 15,000 tons per day, and Wasamac is at 3,000 tons per day, totaling 45,000 tons per day across all operations. With a capacity of 60,000 tons per day, there remains 10,000 to 15,000 tons per day available, but we haven't developed a plan for that yet. Potential sources could include original discoveries around Malartic, additional tonnage from Marban if we manage to expand that pit, or a third shaft at Odyssey. However, we do not have definitive answers at this time. I believe the team has done excellent planning work, and now we need to focus on implementation. There is still potential to achieve 1 million ounces.
Lawson Winder, Analyst
Okay, fair. The additional color is helpful. Thank you. And then just on Wasamac, what is the distance you would estimate would be required to get the ore roughly from Wasamac to Malartic? And do you have a sense of the rough cost per ton in today's dollars?
Dominique Girard, COO
I don't have the cost related, but it is 100 kilometers. So the plan, and we are doing different trade-offs, the plan is going to be to truck it from Wasamac going to Canadian Malartic to the existing route.
Ammar Al-Joundi, CEO
The one thing, Lawson, I would add is we are well aware of the value if we can fill that last 15 million. We saw the deal that our team did with O3. And that transaction made a lot of sense. That asset, frankly, was worth more to us than it is to them because we could use the mill. The reason I reference that is we are looking at opportunities all the time on that last 15,000 tons a day. And finally, what I would say is we are both happy to have that come from one of our mines, or if it makes more sense, we would enter into a toll milling agreement with someone else. So you're right, there is a lot of value in that 15,000 tons a day. And while Dominique is correct in that we don't have an explicit plan for that, we are clearly focused on that.
Lawson Winder, Analyst
Okay, great. Thank you very much.
Operator, Operator
Your next question comes from Mike Parkin with National Bank. Your line is now open.
Michael Parkin, Analyst
I'm just looking at Slide 13. And is it correct that if you're off to the right of that land Malartic property line, the 5% royalty doesn't exist?
Ammar Al-Joundi, CEO
That's right.
Michael Parkin, Analyst
In the current metal price environment, if you had ounces on that part of the property, you would save $150 per ounce. Your discovery cost is likely around $20 to $25. Are you considering the discovery of ounces there since the savings from the royalty could potentially cover both the discovery and development costs? Or are you still focused on your success on the left with the second shaft? I'm trying to understand where you might place that second shaft and how you plan to direct your drilling moving forward. The savings from that royalty, given that it's just a little under $3,000 per ounce, could significantly reduce the costs of getting those ounces into production.
Guy Gosselin, VP of Exploration
There are two parts to your question. First, the long section at 13 indicates where the resources are located, and this area falls under the royalty. When Dominique mentioned the second shaft or a potential third shaft, the known tons are in that area. However, from a regional exploration perspective, we don’t focus on property boundaries; we look both east and west. If we discover more, we are actively drilling in those eastern areas and other properties. Moreover, the property extends an additional 5 kilometers to the right side of that graph, and we have 4 rigs, part of the 25 described by Dominique, that are exploring that area. Additionally, with the new O3 land position around Marban, we also have another land position to the north as shown in the back of that slide, which is outside of the royalty concerns. We're not restricting ourselves; we intend to find gold wherever it exists. After that, it will be part of the decision-making process to evaluate the impact of any royalties that may be applicable to different parts of the land package.
Ammar Al-Joundi, CEO
But it's an interesting comment, Mike, in that remember everybody, this is a mine that was originally discovered in 1923, 100 years ago. We're winning an award for the biggest discovery 100 years later at the same mine. We've acquired or are in the process of acquiring Marban, another mine a few kilometers away. And so you're absolutely right. There is potential as we go to the right. And it is worth pointing out that at a 5% royalty, there's an extra $150 an ounce on that. So it's a good question. Guy answered the right question. Part of it is, look, we've got 25 drills. We're drilling fast because what Dominique said, we want to get this to a million ounces. We want to work as hard as we can. We said a year ago, we said, look, it's going to take 2 years of drilling to know if we're going to have a second shaft. It looks like we are going to have a second shaft. Guy and his team are trying to balance it with what Dom's doing. But your question is a good one because it does talk about the potential in this area.
Michael Parkin, Analyst
Yes, I just think it's going to have an interesting capital return idea that you could almost pretty much get those ounces for free other than the OpEx. I appreciate the color. Thanks, guys.
Ammar Al-Joundi, CEO
Thank you, Mike.
Operator, Operator
Your next question comes from John Tumazos with John Tumazos Very Independent Research. Your line is now open.
John Tumazos, Analyst
Thank you for taking my question. For Marban, it looks like for the 1.657 million ounce reserve, you paid $US86 an ounce. And for the 2.6 million ounce reserve and resource, you paid US$55 an ounce. Their last technical study was October 22. Should we expect in your next reserve report to incorporate their 1.6 million ounces? Or will it be more because there's 2 or 3 years more data and you've got enough money to drill a deeper hole? Or do you need to wait 2 or 3 years to evaluate it?
Guy Gosselin, VP of Exploration
Hi, John, Guy speaking. You described it right, there's a fair bit of drilling. There's enough drilling in the pit. What we want to pay attention to is what part of it that we think could reasonably be built when considering wetlands and other challenges. So we are working on our plan and we can anticipate that a good proportion of that 1.6 could become a reserve in the near term with the existing database.
John Tumazos, Analyst
Thank you. Ammar, what is your human resources strategy to have 5 or 10 more Jean Robitaille so that when the 25 rigs are running, and the 200,000 meters are drilled, we get the results? Do you need to take five of Elon Musk's 20-year-olds and bring them to Canada?
Ammar Al-Joundi, CEO
John, that's both a humorous and good question. We face a shortage of highly qualified engineers, geologists, and operators in our industry. The positive side is we have plenty of accountants available. Your question highlights an important issue: our activities are based on how we allocate both capital and human resources. You're right to point out that having the ability to conduct studies more quickly could help us access reserves and accelerate progress. We have a strong team and a lot of personnel, but finding high-quality, qualified specialists remains a challenge for us, as it does for others in the industry. However, I believe our advantage lies in the fact that we produce more gold in Canada than anyone else combined, accounting for over 50% of the country's total gold production. Our long-standing presence in the regions helps us attract top talent, although we do compete with our peers for the best individuals. Dominique, would you like to add anything?
Dominique Girard, COO
Yes, that's a good question, John, and we are actively addressing that. One area where we have been successful in the past is engaging students, as I once did 25 years ago. I notice that Jason and Carol are here as well. Currently, we are focusing on involving more students, starting with the children of our employees, which is an excellent way to introduce them to mining. Additionally, we are looking to bring in more co-op students from universities. This approach not only allows us to select quality candidates but also gives them a flavor of working with Agnico. We have a strong reputation, and students are eager to join us, as Agnico is often their top choice. Also, the variety of work arrangements we offer, such as Fly In, Fly Out, and opportunities in B2B, expands the possibilities for them. We are putting in significant effort towards this initiative.
John Tumazos, Analyst
If I can ask one last question. I'm worried that someone might look at the $459 million spent for capital and expense exploration last year or $525 this year and then see the reserves go up a 0.5 million ounces and think that it costs $1,000 an ounce, or the 25 rigs or the 200,000 meters were a bunch of dry holes, barren results. So could you sort of explain why that's not the case?
Guy Gosselin, VP of Exploration
Thanks for the question, John. And I did some math lately. If you look at the 2024, what really went to drilling is $270 million. And if you look at the distribution of drill funding from, let's say, what is going to infill and what is going to making new discoveries, it boils down to the fact that we spent last year $110 million on conversion, which is about $25 an ounce to move ounces from resources to reserves. The other $160 million went to adding resources from nothing to resources at a cost of also $25 per ounce. So it's roughly to make a discovery from scratch to bring them to inferred, it's roughly $25 an ounce and to move them from resources to reserves another $25 per ounce ballpark for the overall $270 million of drilling we've done in 2024.
Ammar Al-Joundi, CEO
And I will add, John, again good question. So Guy talked about how much went directly into drilling. Of that $459 million, roughly $200 million was associated with something called capitalized exploration. And that really is primarily Detour Underground, Upper Beaver, the kinds of things where you have to build some infrastructure to be able to do more exploration, to go underground, to build drill platforms, to take bulk samples. So part of that number is actual infrastructure to be able to do exploration. What I would say, and this is important, is every time we do that, we do so with a view that whatever infrastructure we build is the right type of infrastructure that we can then later use when we build an operating mine. So it's not wasted money.
John Tumazos, Analyst
Thank you.
Operator, Operator
Your next question comes from Tanya Jakusconek with Scotiabank. Your line is now open.
Tanya Jakusconek, Analyst
Great. Thank you. Good morning and thank you. The first one is for Jamie on the capital returns. Jamie, just from my understanding, is it safe to assume that your focus will be in Q1 to pay off your $400 million in taxes and other that you have to pay and then focus on capital returns and thereafter would that be a safe assumption?
Jamie Porter, CFO
Hi, Tanya. Yes, no, that's a good question, and you're absolutely right. We do have a catch-up payment of about $400 million in the first quarter that we will be making. I don't think that will preclude us, though, from being active on the normal course issuer bid if we see the opportunity and want to be active on that. And we'll continue, obviously, to pay the dividend of $0.40 a share this quarter. So we have the balance sheet strength to increase shareholder returns if we wanted to in Q1, despite the fact that we have that big tax payment coming up.
Tanya Jakusconek, Analyst
And then once that is paid and you think about shareholder returns, is there a preference? You're always going to renew your share buyback program, but is there a preference for dividends or share buyback? How do you think about that?
Jamie Porter, CFO
Yes, I will certainly be evaluating that throughout the year. It depends on a number of factors, primarily, of course, the gold price, but also our relative share price. I think there's an increased appetite. Last year, we repurchased $120 million in shares. That's more than I think Agnico's ever done in a year previously. And at these gold prices, there's room for that to increase further, certainly.
Tanya Jakusconek, Analyst
And sorry, Jamie, just the last question on the capital return. So how should I be thinking about your 3.5 to 3.4 million ounce business in terms of a minimum cash balance that you can keep on your balance sheet?
Jamie Porter, CFO
In terms of a minimum cash balance, so yes, we ended 2024 with about $926 million. I'd say, again, at current gold prices, our current financial situation, we'd like to keep our cash balance around a billion dollars and could grow as cash flow improves this year to up to a billion-dollar net cash position before we'd be looking seriously at more dramatic increases to shareholder returns.
Ammar Al-Joundi, CEO
And the one thing I would say, Tanya, and you know us well enough, it's our owner's money. It's not our money. It's our owner's money. And we will only spend the cash generated if we have a high-quality investment that generates a good risk-adjusted return. I say that because sometimes in our industry, people get more cash and they go nuts with it. We are not going to do that. We are going to continue to be committed to disciplined capital allocation and, at these prices, increased returns to our shareholders.
Tanya Jakusconek, Analyst
I appreciate people wondering, looking at your investment in the business that you have to do plus. Obviously take care of the $90 million of debt that you have to pay this year and then sort of see what I could push in terms of shareholder return. Obviously I understand you're not going to be prudent and if you do touch the dividend, you tend to be as a company that wants to keep a sustainable dividend. So if you increase it, it's because you think you can pay it. So I'm just trying to understand how much buffer I have to do on that as well.
Ammar Al-Joundi, CEO
It's all good questions.
Tanya Jakusconek, Analyst
I have a question about your costs. I understand that gold prices are increasing, and the associated costs are also rising, which we want to see reflected in the margins. I'm curious about how you forecast or guide your costs this year. You've mentioned that tariffs affect 60% of your costs, which are somewhat insulated. However, I'm also interested in how foreign exchange plays a role in this. Can you clarify what percentage of your overall costs are denominated in U.S. dollars? I believe it's around 10% to 15%, but I want to confirm that estimate.
Jamie Porter, CFO
Yes, Tanya, you're absolutely correct. About 10% to 15% of our costs are denominated in U.S. dollars. For our cost guidance for 2025, we are assuming a Canadian dollar foreign exchange rate of 138, which is quite similar to our realized rate of 137 in 2024. So, there isn't a significant difference. In fact, we've performed better than expected in terms of inflation on our cost guidance due to various continuous improvement initiatives and efficiencies we've achieved at the sites.
Tanya Jakusconek, Analyst
Yes, no, I saw that. So you've got a little bit of a tailwind, based on where we are today. But can I just ask, because I did not see it in the release, what gold price did you use? And that impact, I thought it was about $2 to $3 per ounce on royalties, $300 move. So I just want to meet, I need the gold price that you used.
Jamie Porter, CFO
Yes, so we our base case budget we use the $2,500 gold price, so that that's inherent in the royalty expense that factors into our cash cost. But that sensitivity is exactly right: every $100 move in the gold price changes our royalty expense by about $3 an ounce.
Tanya Jakusconek, Analyst
Okay. And then my last question sorry on these costs is just some because with these caps just don't know where things go but what assumptions did you use in 2025 as inflation in your side?
Jamie Porter, CFO
So cost inflation, the rate of inflation that we saw coming into 2025 was about 5%. And again, our cash costs at all-in sustaining cost guidance were up 3% and 4% respectively. With respect to tariffs, and you alluded to it, about two-thirds of our costs we don't expect to be impacted. Almost half of our cost structure is labor and contractors. Another 10% to 15% is energy and power, and then another 4% or 5% is royalties. So about two-thirds of our costs we think would not be impacted. The other third could potentially be impacted or some portion of it. Some portion of the other third, exactly. But we'd have to evaluate exactly what tariffs are, what counter-retaliatory tariffs are, before we could come up with an exact determination.
Ammar Al-Joundi, CEO
And Tanya, you're right. There is a derivative of that, which is the FX. And so to the extent, and this is up to anybody to figure out, but tariffs are higher, probably the Canadian dollar will go weaker and help offset some of that. But that's a calculus. I don't think anybody can work out with any accuracy at this point.
Tanya Jakusconek, Analyst
No, I agree. I don't have as much information I have. Get on these cards. So just, Jamie, to confirm, your 2025 guidance has a 5% inflation, yes?
Jamie Porter, CFO
That's correct.
Tanya Jakusconek, Analyst
Okay. I appreciate that. And I know there's a lot of moving parts happening with what's going on, at least just having basic information on your cost to be able to draft that just anything happens. Thank you for taking my question.
Ammar Al-Joundi, CEO
Thank you.
Operator, Operator
There are no further questions at this time. I will now turn the call over to Ammar for closing remarks.
Ammar Al-Joundi, CEO
Well, I just want to say to everybody, thank you. To our team for all the work you've done, thank you for keeping our people safe. I always like to say that's the most important thing. And to everyone on the call, thank you for taking time out of a Friday of a long weekend. Have a nice weekend. Thank you.
Operator, Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes our conference call for today. We thank you for participating and ask that you please disconnect your lines.