6-K - BNS - Equibles

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

Form 6-K

Report of Foreign Private Issuer

Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16 of

the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the month of: February, 2023

Commission File Number: 002-09048

THE BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA

(Name of registrant)

40 Temperance Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5H 0B4

(416) 933-4103

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F:

Form 20-F ☐ Form 40-F ☒

This report on Form 6-K shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference in The Bank of Nova Scotia’s registration statements on Form S-8 (File No. 333-199099) and Form F-3 (File No. 333-261476) and to be a part thereof from the date on which this report is filed, to the extent not superseded by documents or reports subsequently filed or furnished.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	THE BANK OF NOVA SCOTIA
Date: February 28, 2023	By:	/s/ Roula Kataras
		Name: Roula Kataras
		Title: Senior Vice-President and Chief Accountant

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit	Description of Exhibit
99.1	2023 First Quarter Report to Shareholders
101	Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL)
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

EX-99.1

Exhibit 99.1

Live audio Web broadcast of the Bank’s analysts’ conference call. See page 81 for details.

Quarterly Report to Shareholders Scotiabank reports first quarter results TORONTO, February 28, 2023 – Scotiabank reported first quarter net income of $1,772 million compared to $2,740 million in the same period last year. Diluted earnings per share (EPS) were $1.36, compared to $2.14 in the same period a year ago. Adjusted net income (1) for the first quarter was $2,366 million and EPS was $1.85, down from $2.15 last year. Adjusted return on equity was 13.4% compared to 15.9% a year ago. “I am honoured and privileged to have this opportunity to work with our 90,000 Scotiabankers across our footprint as we look to deliver for every future together for our customers, employees, shareholders and communities,” said Scott Thomson, President and CEO of Scotiabank. “The Bank’s performance in the first quarter of 2023 reflects both the merits of a diversified platform, and also the continued relative pressure on our profitability given our funding profile. As we look ahead, our efforts on culture, capital allocation discipline and operational excellence will drive a renewed strategic agenda focused on delivering value for our stakeholders.” Canadian Banking delivered adjusted earnings (1) of $1,088 million this quarter benefitting from margin expansion, and strong asset and deposit growth, specifically in business lending and personal deposits. Results were negatively impacted by higher provision for credit losses and higher expenses. International Banking generated adjusted earnings (1) of $661 million, up 20% driven by higher net interest income as loans grew 19% and strong non-interest revenues. This combined with continued expense management and lower income taxes more than offset higher provision for credit losses. Global Wealth Management adjusted earnings (1) were $392 million, down 6%. Challenging market conditions drove declines in assets under management, impacting fee income, partly offset by strong growth in the advisory business. Operating leverage remained positive as prudent expense management offset the lower revenue trends. Global Banking and Markets delivered another strong quarter, with earnings of $519 million. Net interest income grew a strong 22% benefitting from a 33% growth in loans. Strong performance from the Capital Markets business was offset by lower advisory revenues. The Bank remained well capitalized with a Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio (2) unchanged at 11.5%, despite the impact of the Canada Recovery Dividend. With a continued focus on prudent capital management the Bank’s CET1 ratio is expected to continue to strengthen over the year. (1) Refer to Non-GAAP Measures section on page 4. (2) This measure has been disclosed in this document in accordance with OSFI Guideline – Capital Adequacy Requirements (November 2018).

Table of Contents

Enhanced Disclosure Task Force (EDTF) Recommendations

Below is the index of EDTF recommendations to facilitate easy reference in the Bank’s public disclosure documents available on www.scotiabank.com/investorrelations.

Reference Table for EDTF
				Q1 2023				2022 Annual Report
Type of risk	Number		Disclosure	Quarterly<br>Report		Supplementary<br>Regulatory Capital<br>Disclosures		MD&A		Financial<br><br>Statements
General		1	The index of risks to which the business is exposed.						14
		2	The Bank’s risk to terminology, measures and key parameters.						74-78
		3	Top and emerging risks, and the changes during the reporting period.						80-81,<br> <br>85-91
		4	Discussion on the regulatory development and plans to meet new regulatory ratios.		40, 44-48				54-57, 99-102,<br><br><br>114-116
Risk governance, risk management and business model		5	The Bank’s Risk Governance structure.						72-74
		6	Description of risk culture and procedures applied to support the culture.						74-78
		7	Description of key risks from the Bank’s business model.						79
		8	Stress testing use within the Bank’s risk governance and capital management.						75-76
Capital Adequacy and risk-weighted assets		9	Pillar 1 capital requirements, and the impact for global systemically important banks.		44-45		3		54-57		206
		10	a) Regulatory capital components.		44-45, 72		18-21		58
			b) Reconciliation of the accounting balance sheet to the regulatory balance sheet.				15-16
		11	Flow statement of the movements in regulatory capital since the previous reporting period, including changes in common equity tier 1, additional tier 1 and tier 2 capital.		44-45		70		59-60
		12	Discussion of targeted level of capital, and the plans on how to establish this.						54-57
		13	Analysis of risk-weighted assets by risk type, business, and market risk RWAs.				5, 34, 36-47, 55-57,<br><br>61, 73, 79		63-67,<br> 79, 123		176, 229
		14	Analysis of the capital requirements for each Basel asset class.				13-14, 34-48, 54-57,<br><br>61, <br>66-69		63-67		176,<br><br>223-229
		15	Tabulate credit risk in the Banking Book.		75		13-14, 34-48, 66-69		63-67		224
		16	Flow statements reconciling the movements in risk-weighted assets for each risk-weighted asset type.				49, 60, 72		63-67
		17	Discussion of Basel III Back-testing requirement including credit risk model performance and validation.				77		64-66
Liquidity Funding		18	Analysis of the Bank’s liquid assets.		35-38				97-102
		19	Encumbered and unencumbered assets analyzed by balance sheet category.		35-38				99
		20	Consolidated total assets, liabilities and <br>off-balance<br> sheet commitments analyzed by remaining contractual maturity at the balance sheet date.		42-43				103-105
		21	Analysis of the Bank’s sources of funding and a description of the Bank’s funding strategy.		40-41				102-103
Market Risk		22	Linkage of market risk measures for trading and <br>non-trading<br> portfolios and the balance sheet.		34-35				96
		23	Discussion of significant trading and <br>non-trading<br> market risk factors.		76				92-97		228-229
		24	Discussion of changes in period on period VaR results as well as VaR assumptions, limitations, backtesting and validation.		33, 76				92-97		228-229
		25	Other risk management techniques e.g. stress tests, stressed VaR, tail risk and market liquidity horizon.						92-97		229
Credit Risk		26	Analysis of the aggregate credit risk exposures, including details of both personal and wholesale lending.				5, 34, <br>36-47,<br> <br>55-57		85-91, 117-123		186-187,<br><br><br>225-227
		27	Discussion of the policies for identifying impaired loans, defining impairments and renegotiated loans, and explaining loan forbearance policies.								155-157,<br><br>187
		28	Reconciliations of the opening and closing balances of impaired loans and impairment allowances during the year.		62		31, 32		88, <br>117-118,<br><br>120, 121		187
		29	Analysis of counterparty credit risk that arises from derivative transactions.		46, 75		78		83-84		174-177
		30	Discussion of credit risk mitigation, including collateral held for all sources of credit risk.		75				83-84,<br> 89
Other risks		31	Quantified measures of the management of operational risk.						67, 106
		32	Discussion of publicly known risk items.		46				71

2 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

The Management’s Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) is provided to enable readers to assess the Bank’s financial condition and results of operations as at and for the period ended January 31, 2023. The MD&A should be read in conjunction with the Bank’s unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report to Shareholders, and the Bank’s 2022 Annual Report. This MD&A is dated February 28, 2023.

Additional information relating to the Bank, including the Bank’s 2022 Annual Report, is available on the Bank’s website at www.scotiabank.com. As well, the Bank’s 2022 Annual Report and Annual Information Form are available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on the EDGAR section of the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Contents
	Management’s Discussion and Analysis
---	---
4	Non-GAAP Measures
12	Financial Highlights
13	Overview of Performance
15	Group Financial Performance
17	Business Segment Review
27	Geographic Highlights
---	---
28	Quarterly Financial Highlights
29	Financial Position
29	Risk Management
44	Capital Management
46	Financial Instruments
46	Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
47	Regulatory Developments
---	---
48	Accounting Policies and Controls
49	Share Data
50	Glossary

Forward-looking Statements From time to time, our public communications include oral or written forward-looking statements. Statements of this type are included in this document, and may be included in other filings with Canadian securities regulators or the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), or in other communications. In addition, representatives of the Bank may include forward-looking statements orally to analysts, investors, the media and others. All such statements are made pursuant to the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and any applicable Canadian securities legislation. Forward-looking statements may include, but are not limited to, statements made in this document, the Management’s Discussion and Analysis in the Bank’s 2022 Annual Report under the headings “Outlook” and in other statements regarding the Bank’s objectives, strategies to achieve those objectives, the regulatory environment in which the Bank operates, anticipated financial results, and the outlook for the Bank’s businesses and for the Canadian, U.S. and global economies. Such statements are typically identified by words or phrases such as “believe,” “expect,” “foresee,” “forecast,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “plan,” “goal,” “target,” “project,” “commit,” “objective,” and similar expressions of future or conditional verbs, such as “will,” “may,” “should,” “would,” “might,” “can” and “could” and positive and negative variations thereof.

By their very nature, forward-looking statements require us to make assumptions and are subject to inherent risks and uncertainties, which give rise to the possibility that our predictions, forecasts, projections, expectations or conclusions will not prove to be accurate, that our assumptions may not be correct and that our financial performance objectives, vision and strategic goals will not be achieved.

We caution readers not to place undue reliance on these statements as a number of risk factors, many of which are beyond our control and effects of which can be difficult to predict, could cause our actual results to differ materially from the expectations, targets, estimates or intentions expressed in such forward-looking statements.

The future outcomes that relate to forward-looking statements may be influenced by many factors, including but not limited to: general economic and market conditions in the countries in which we operate; changes in currency and interest rates; increased funding costs and market volatility due to market illiquidity and competition for funding; the failure of third parties to comply with their obligations to the Bank and its affiliates; changes in monetary, fiscal, or economic policy and tax legislation and interpretation; changes in laws and regulations or in supervisory expectations or requirements, including capital, interest rate and liquidity requirements and guidance, and the effect of such changes on funding costs; changes to our credit ratings; the possible effects on our business of war or terrorist actions and unforeseen consequences arising from such actions; operational and infrastructure risks; reputational risks; the accuracy and completeness of information the Bank receives on customers and counterparties; the timely development and introduction of new products and services, and the extent to which products or services previously sold by the Bank require the Bank to incur liabilities or absorb losses not contemplated at their origination; our ability to execute our strategic plans, including the successful completion of acquisitions and dispositions, including obtaining regulatory approvals; critical accounting estimates and the effect of changes to accounting standards, rules and interpretations on these estimates; global capital markets activity; the Bank’s ability to attract, develop and retain key executives; the evolution of various types of fraud or other criminal behaviour to which the Bank is exposed; disruptions in or attacks (including cyber-attacks) on the Bank’s information technology, internet, network access, or other voice or data communications systems or services; increased competition in the geographic and business areas in which we operate, including through internet and mobile banking and non-traditional competitors; exposure related to significant litigation and regulatory matters; climate change and other environmental and social risks, including sustainability that may arise, including from the Bank’s business activities; the occurrence of natural and unnatural catastrophic events and claims resulting from such events; inflationary pressures; Canadian housing and household indebtedness; the emergence of widespread health emergencies or pandemics, including the magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on the global economy, financial market conditions and the Bank’s business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects; and the Bank’s anticipation of and success in managing the risks implied by the foregoing. A substantial amount of the Bank’s business involves making loans or otherwise committing resources to specific companies, industries or countries. Unforeseen events affecting such borrowers, industries or countries could have a material adverse effect on the Bank’s financial results, businesses, financial condition or liquidity. These and other factors may cause the Bank’s actual performance to differ materially from that contemplated by forward-looking statements. The Bank cautions that the preceding list is not exhaustive of all possible risk factors and other factors could also adversely affect the Bank’s results, for more information, please see the “Risk Management” section of the Bank’s 2022 Annual Report, as may be updated by quarterly reports.

Material economic assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements contained in this document are set out in the 2022 Annual Report under the headings “Outlook”, as updated by quarterly reports. The “Outlook” and “2023 Priorities” sections are based on the Bank’s views and the actual outcome is uncertain. Readers should consider the above-noted factors when reviewing these sections. When relying on forward-looking statements to make decisions with respect to the Bank and its securities, investors and others should carefully consider the preceding factors, other uncertainties and potential events. Any forward-looking statements contained in this document represent the views of management only as of the date hereof and are presented for the purpose of assisting the Bank’s shareholders and analysts in understanding the Bank’s financial position, objectives and priorities, and anticipated financial performance as at and for the periods ended on the dates presented, and may not be appropriate for other purposes. Except as required by law, the Bank does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements, whether written or oral, that may be made from time to time by or on its behalf.

Additional information relating to the Bank can be located on the SEDAR website at www.sedar.com and on the EDGAR section of the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 3

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Non-GAAP Measures

The Bank uses a number of financial measures and ratios to assess its performance, as well as the performance of its operating segments. Some of these financial measures and ratios are presented on a non-GAAP basis and are not calculated in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), which are based on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), are not defined by GAAP and do not have standardized meanings and therefore might not be comparable to similar financial measures and ratios disclosed by other issuers. The Bank believes that non-GAAP measures and ratios are useful as they provide readers with a better understanding of how management assesses performance. These non-GAAP measures and ratios are used throughout this report and defined below.

Adjusted results and diluted earnings per share

The following tables present a reconciliation of GAAP reported financial results to non-GAAP adjusted financial results. Management considers both reported and adjusted results and measures useful in assessing underlying ongoing business performance. Adjusted results and measures remove certain specified items from revenue, non-interest expenses, income taxes and non-controlling interest. Presenting results on both a reported basis and adjusted basis allows readers to assess the impact of certain items on results for the periods presented, and to better assess results and trends excluding those items that may not be reflective of ongoing business performance. Net income and diluted earnings per share have been adjusted for the following:

Adjustments impacting current and prior periods:

1.	Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets:

These costs relate to the amortization of intangibles recognized upon the acquisition of businesses, excluding software, and are recorded in the Canadian Banking, International Banking and Global Wealth Management operating segments.

2.	Canada Recovery Dividend:

This quarter the Bank recognized an additional income tax expense of $579 million reflecting the present value of the amount payable for the Canada Recovery Dividend (CRD). The CRD is a Canadian federal tax measure which requires the Bank to pay a one-time tax of 15% on taxable income in excess of $1 billion, based on the average taxable income for the 2020 and 2021 taxation years. The CRD is payable in equal amounts over five years, however, the present value of these payments must be recognized as a liability in the current quarter. The charge was recorded in the Other operating segment.

Adjustments impacting Q4, 2022 only:

1.	Restructuring provision:

The Bank recorded a restructuring charge of $66 million ($85 million pre-tax) related to the realignment of the Global Banking and Markets businesses in Asia Pacific and reductions in technology employees, driven by ongoing technology modernization and digital transformation. This charge was recorded in the Other operating segment.

2.	Support costs for the Scene+ loyalty program:

The Bank recorded costs of $98 million ($133 million pre-tax) to support the expansion of the Scene+ loyalty program to include Empire Company Limited as a partner. These committed costs relate to operational support, transition marketing and technology initiatives and were recognized as an expense in the Other operating segment.

3.	Net loss on divestitures and wind-down of operations:

In Q4 2022, the Bank sold its investments in associates in Venezuela and Thailand. Additionally, the Bank wound down its operations in India and Malaysia in relation to its realignment of the business in the Asia Pacific region. Collectively, the sale and wind-down of these entities resulted in a net loss of $340 million ($361 million pre-tax), of which $294 million ($315 million pre-tax) related to the reclassification of cumulative foreign currency translation losses net of hedges, from accumulated other comprehensive income to non-interest income in the Consolidated Statement of Income. This net loss was recorded in the Other operating segment. For further details on these transactions, please refer to Note 36 of the consolidated financial statements, in the 2022 Annual Report to Shareholders.

4 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

T1 Reconciliation of reported and adjusted results and diluted earnings per share

	For the three months ended
($ millions)	January 31<br>2023			October 31<br>2022			January 31<br>2022
Reported Results
Net interest income	$	4,569		$	4,622		$	4,344
Non-interest<br> income		3,411			3,004			3,705
Total revenue		7,980			7,626			8,049
Provision for credit losses		638			529			222
Non-interest<br> expenses		4,464			4,529			4,223
Income before taxes		2,878			2,568			3,604
Income tax expense		1,106			475			864
Net income	$	1,772		$	2,093		$	2,740
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interests in subsidiaries (NCI)		40			38			88
Net income attributable to equity holders		1,732			2,055			2,652
Net income attributable to preferred shareholders and other equity instrument holders		101			106			44
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	1,631		$	1,949		$	2,608
Diluted earnings per share<br><br>(in dollars)	$	1.36		$	1.63		$	2.14
Weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding<br><br>(millions)		1,199			1,199			1,230
Adjustments
Adjusting items impacting <br>non-interest<br> income and total revenue <br>(Pre-tax)
Net loss on divestitures and wind-down of operations	$	–		$	361		$	–
Adjusting items impacting <br>non-interest<br> expenses <br>(Pre-tax)
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets		21			24			25
Restructuring provision		–			85			–
Support costs for the Scene+ loyalty program		–			133			–
Total <br>non-interest<br> expense adjusting items <br>(Pre-tax)		21			242			25
Total impact of adjusting items on net income before taxes		21			603			25
Impact of adjusting items on income tax expense
Canada recovery dividend		579			–			–
Net loss on divestitures and wind-down of operations		–			(21	)		–
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets		(6	)		(6	)		(7	)
Restructuring provision		–			(19	)		–
Support costs for the Scene+ loyalty program		–			(35	)		–
Total impact of adjusting items on income tax expense		573			(81	)		(7	)
Total impact of adjusting items on net income	$	594		$	522		$	18
Impact of adjusting items on NCI relating to restructuring and other provisions		–			(1	)		–
Total impact of adjusting items on net income attributable to equity holders and common shareholders	$	594		$	521		$	18
Adjusted Results
Net interest income	$	4,569		$	4,622		$	4,344
Non-interest<br> income		3,411			3,365			3,705
Total revenue		7,980			7,987			8,049
Provision for credit losses		638			529			222
Non-interest<br> expenses		4,443			4,287			4,198
Income before taxes		2,899			3,171			3,629
Income tax expense		533			556			871
Net income	$	2,366		$	2,615		$	2,758
Net income attributable to NCI		40			39			88
Net income attributable to equity holders		2,326			2,576			2,670
Net income attributable to preferred shareholders and other equity instrument holders		101			106			44
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	2,225		$	2,470		$	2,626
Diluted earnings per share<br><br>(in dollars)	$	1.85		$	2.06		$	2.15
Impact of adjustments on diluted earnings per share<br><br>(in dollars)	$	0.49		$	0.43		$	0.01
Weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding<br><br>(millions)		1,210			1,199			1,230

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 5

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

T1A Reconciliation of reported and adjusted results by business line

	For the three months ended January 31, 2023<br>(1)
($ millions)	Canadian<br>Banking			International<br>Banking			Global<br>Wealth<br>Management			Global<br>Banking<br>and Markets		Other			Total
Reported net income (loss)	$	1,087		$	692		$	387		$	519	$	(913	)	$	1,772
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interests in subsidiaries (NCI)		–			38			2			–		–			40
Reported net income attributable to equity holders		1,087			654			385			519		(913	)		1,732
Reported net income attributable to preferred shareholders and other equity instrument holders		1			1			–			1		98			101
Reported net income attributable to common shareholders	$	1,086		$	653		$	385		$	518	$	(1,011	)	$	1,631
Adjustments
Adjusting items impacting <br>non-interest<br> expenses <br>(Pre-tax)
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets		2			10			9			–		–			21
Total <br>non-interest<br> expenses adjustments <br>(Pre-tax)		2			10			9			–		–			21
Total impact of adjusting items on net income before taxes		2			10			9			–		–			21
Impact of adjusting items on income tax expense
Canada recovery dividend		–			–			–			–		579			579
Impact of other adjusting items on income tax expense		(1	)		(3	)		(2	)		–		–			(6	)
Total impact of adjusting items on income tax expense		(1	)		(3	)		(2	)		–		579			573
Total impact of adjusting items on net income		1			7			7			–		579			594
Total Impact of adjusting items on net income attributable to equity holders and common shareholders		1			7			7			–		579			594
Adjusted net income (loss)	$	1,088		$	699		$	394		$	519	$	(334	)	$	2,366
Adjusted net income attributable to equity holders	$	1,088		$	661		$	392		$	519	$	(334	)	$	2,326
Adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders	$	1,087		$	660		$	392		$	518	$	(432	)	$	2,225
(1)	Refer to Business Line Overview on page 17.
---	---
	For the three months ended October 31, 2022<br>(1)
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
($ millions)	Canadian<br>Banking			International<br>Banking			Global<br>Wealth<br>Management			Global<br>Banking<br>and Markets		Other			Total
Reported net income (loss)	$	1,170		$	679		$	363		$	484	$	(603	)	$	2,093
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interests in subsidiaries (NCI)		–			36			2			–		–			38
Reported net income attributable to equity holders		1,170			643			361			484		(603	)		2,055
Reported net income attributable to preferred shareholders and other equity instrument holders		1			1			–			–		104			106
Reported net income attributable to common shareholders	$	1,169		$	642		$	361		$	484	$	(707	)	$	1,949
Adjustments
Adjusting items impacting <br>non-interest<br> income and total revenue <br>(Pre-tax)
Net loss on divestitures and wind-down of operations		–			–			–			–		361			361
Adjusting items impacting <br>non-interest<br> expenses <br>(Pre-tax)
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets		6			9			9			–		–			24
Restructuring provision		–			–			–			–		85			85
Support costs for the Scene+ loyalty program		–			–			–			–		133			133
Total <br>non-interest<br> expenses adjustments <br>(Pre-tax)		6			9			9			–		218			242
Total impact of adjusting items on net income before taxes		6			9			9			–		579			603
Total impact of adjusting items on income tax expense		(2	)		(2	)		(2	)		–		(75	)		(81	)
Total impact of adjusting items on net income		4			7			7			–		504			522
Impact of adjusting items on NCI related to restructuring and other provisions		–			–			–			–		(1	)		(1	)
Total Impact of adjusting items on net income attributable to equity holders and common shareholders		4			7			7			–		503			521
Adjusted net income (loss)	$	1,174		$	686		$	370		$	484	$	(99	)	$	2,615
Adjusted net income attributable to equity holders	$	1,174		$	650		$	368		$	484	$	(100	)	$	2,576
Adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders	$	1,173		$	649		$	368		$	484	$	(204	)	$	2,470
(1)	Refer to Business Line Overview on page 17.
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6 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

	For the three months ended January 31, 2022<br>(1)
($ millions)	Canadian<br>Banking			International<br>Banking			Global<br>Wealth<br>Management			Global<br>Banking<br>and Markets		Other			Total
Reported net income (loss)	$	1,201		$	630		$	415		$	561	$	(67	)	$	2,740
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interests in subsidiaries (NCI)		–			85			3			–		–			88
Reported net income attributable to equity holders		1,201			545			412			561		(67	)		2,652
Reported net income attributable to preferred shareholders and other equity instrument holders		3			3			2			2		34			44
Reported net income attributable to common shareholders	$	1,198		$	542		$	410		$	559	$	(101	)	$	2,608
Adjustments
Adjusting items impacting <br>non-interest<br> expenses <br>(Pre-tax)<br> Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets		6			10			9			–		–			25
Total <br>non-interest<br> expenses adjustments <br>(Pre-tax)		6			10			9			–		–			25
Total impact of adjusting items on net income before taxes		6			10			9			–		–			25
Total impact of adjusting items on income tax expense		(2	)		(3	)		(2	)		–		–			(7	)
Total impact of adjusting items on net income		4			7			7			–		–			18
Total Impact of adjusting items on net income attributable to equity holders and common shareholders		4			7			7			–		–			18
Adjusted net income (loss)	$	1,205		$	637		$	422		$	561	$	(67	)	$	2,758
Adjusted net income attributable to equity holders	$	1,205		$	552		$	419		$	561	$	(67	)	$	2,670
Adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders	$	1,202		$	549		$	417		$	559	$	(101	)	$	2,626
(1)	Refer to Business Line Overview on page 17.
---	---

Constant Dollar

International Banking business segment results are analyzed on a constant dollar basis which is a non-GAAP measure. Under the constant dollar basis, prior period amounts are recalculated using current period average foreign currency rates. The following table presents the reconciliation between reported, adjusted and constant dollar results for International Banking for prior periods. The Bank believes that constant dollar is useful for readers to understand business performance without the impact of foreign currency translation and is used by management to assess the performance of the business segment. The tables below are computed on a basis that is different than the table “Impact of foreign currency translation” in Overview of Performance on page 14.

T2 Reconciliation of International Banking’s reported and adjusted results and constant dollar results

Reported Results	For the three months ended
($ millions)	October 31, 2022							January 31, 2022
(Taxable equivalent basis)	Reported<br>Results		Foreign<br>exchange			Constant<br>dollar		Reported<br>Results		Foreign<br>exchange			Constant<br>dollar
Net interest income	$	1,806	$	(60	)	$	1,866	$	1,648	$	(108	)	$	1,756
Non-interest<br> income		698		2			696		749		14			735
Total revenue		2,504		(58	)		2,562		2,397		(94	)		2,491
Provision for credit losses		355		(11	)		366		274		(17	)		291
Non-interest<br> expenses		1,364		(34	)		1,398		1,285		(65	)		1,350
Income before taxes		785		(13	)		798		838		(12	)		850
Income tax expense		106		–			106		208		–			208
Net income	$	679	$	(13	)	$	692	$	630	$	(12	)	$	642
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interest in subsidiaries (NCI)	$	36	$	(1	)	$	37	$	85	$	(2	)	$	87
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	643	$	(12	)	$	655	$	545	$	(10	)	$	555
Other measures
Average assets<br>($ billions)	$	217	$	(8	)	$	225	$	196	$	(12	)	$	208
Average liabilities <br>($ billions)	$	160	$	(6	)	$	166	$	144	$	(8	)	$	152

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Adjusted Results	For the three months ended
($ millions)	October 31, 2022							January 31, 2022
(Taxable equivalent basis)	Adjusted<br>Results		Foreign<br>exchange			Constant<br><br>dollar<br><br>adjusted		Adjusted<br>Results		Foreign<br>exchange			Constant<br><br>dollar<br><br>adjusted
Net interest income	$	1,806	$	(60	)	$	1,866	$	1,648	$	(108	)	$	1,756
Non-interest<br> income		698		2			696		749		14			735
Total revenue		2,504		(58	)		2,562		2,397		(94	)		2,491
Provision for credit losses		355		(11	)		366		274		(17	)		291
Non-interest<br> expenses		1,355		(33	)		1,388		1,275		(65	)		1,340
Income before taxes		794		(14	)		808		848		(12	)		860
Income tax expense		108		(1	)		109		211		1			210
Net income	$	686	$	(13	)	$	699	$	637	$	(13	)	$	650
Net income attributable to NCI	$	36	$	(1	)	$	37	$	85	$	(3	)	$	88
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	650	$	(12	)	$	662	$	552	$	(10	)	$	562

Reconciliation of average total assets, core earning assets and core net interest income

Earning assets

Earning assets are defined as income generating assets which include deposits with financial institutions, trading assets, investment securities, investments in associates, securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements, loans net of allowances, and customers’ liability under acceptances.

Non-earning assets

Non-earning assets are defined as cash, precious metals, derivative financial instruments, property and equipment, goodwill and other intangible assets, deferred tax assets and other assets.

Core earning assets

Core earning assets are defined as interest-bearing deposits with financial institutions, investment securities and loans net of allowances. This is a non-GAAP measure. The Bank believes that this measure is useful for readers as it presents the main interest-generating assets and eliminates the impact of trading businesses.

Core net interest income

Core net interest income is defined as net interest income earned from core earning assets. This is a non-GAAP measure.

Net interest margin

Net interest margin is calculated as core net interest income (annualized) for the business line divided by average core earning assets. Net interest margin is a non-GAAP ratio.

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T3 Reconciliation of average total assets, average earning assets, average core earning assets and net interest margin by business line

Consolidated Bank

	For the three months ended
($ millions)	January 31<br>2023			October 31<br>2022			January 31<br>2022
Average total assets – Reported<br>(1)	$	1,380,008		$	1,332,897		$	1,238,616
Less: <br>Non-earning<br> assets		118,465			126,213			94,165
Average total earning assets<br>(1)	$	1,261,543		$	1,206,684		$	1,144,451
Less:
Trading assets		119,974			117,807			162,885
Securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed		174,942			157,438			131,102
Other deductions		70,779			69,343			58,030
Average core earning assets<br>(1)	$	895,848		$	862,096		$	792,434
Net Interest Income – Reported	$	4,569		$	4,622		$	4,344
Less: <br>Non-core<br> net interest income		(205	)		(122	)		23
Core net interest income	$	4,774		$	4,744		$	4,321
Net interest margin		2.11	%		2.18	%		2.16	%
(1)	Average balances represent the average of daily balances for the period.
---	---

Canadian Banking

	For the three months ended
($ millions)	January 31<br>2023			October 31<br>2022			January 31<br>2022
Average total assets – Reported<br>(1)	$	450,040		$	445,670		$	411,748
Less: <br>Non-earning<br> assets		4,035			4,112			4,129
Average total earning assets<br>(1)	$	446,005		$	441,558		$	407,619
Less:
Other deductions		27,284			26,191			20,580
Average core earning assets<br>(1)	$	418,721		$	415,367		$	387,039
Net Interest Income – Reported	$	2,386		$	2,363		$	2,133
Less: <br>Non-core<br> net interest income		–			–			–
Core net interest income	$	2,386		$	2,363		$	2,133
Net interest margin		2.26	%		2.26	%		2.19	%
(1)	Average balances represent the average of daily balances for the period.
---	---

International Banking

	For the three months ended
($ millions)	January 31<br>2023			October 31<br>2022			January 31<br>2022
Average total assets – Reported<br>(1)	$	228,374		$	217,061		$	196,100
Less: <br>Non-earning<br> assets		19,103			19,358			16,039
Average total earning assets<br>(1)	$	209,271		$	197,703		$	180,061
Less:
Trading assets		5,132			5,369			5,287
Securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed		3,033			2,433			200
Other deductions		7,565			7,087			6,715	(2)
Average core earning assets<br>(1)	$	193,541		$	182,814		$	167,859
Net Interest Income – Reported	$	1,899		$	1,806		$	1,648
Less: <br>Non-core<br> net interest income		(54	)		(73	)		12
Core net interest income	$	1,953		$	1,879		$	1,636
Net interest margin		4.00	%		4.08	%		3.87	%
(1)	Average balances represent the average of daily balances for the period.
---	---
(2)	Prior period has been restated to reflect the deduction of non-interest-bearing deposits with financial institutions, to align with the Bank’s definition.
---	---

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Return on equity

Return on equity is a profitability measure that presents the net income attributable to common shareholders (annualized) as a percentage of average common shareholders’ equity.

The Bank attributes capital to its business lines on a basis that approximates 10.5% of Basel III common equity capital requirements which includes credit, market and operational risks and leverage inherent within each business segment.

Return on equity for the business segments is calculated as a ratio of net income attributable to common shareholders (annualized) of the business segment and the capital attributed.

Adjusted return on equity is a non-GAAP ratio which represents adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders (annualized) as a percentage of average common shareholders’ equity.

Return on equity by operating segment

T4 Return on equity by operating segment

	For the three months ended January 31, 2023
($ millions)	Canadian<br>Banking			International<br>Banking			Global<br>Wealth<br>Management			Global<br>Banking<br>and Markets			Other			Total
Reported
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	1,086		$	653		$	385		$	518		$	(1,011	)	$	1,631
Total average common equity<br>(1)		18,753			19,302			9,835			15,535			2,206			65,631
Return on equity		23.0	%		13.4	%		15.5	%		13.2	%		nm	(2)		9.9	%
Adjusted<br>(3)
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	1,087		$	660		$	392		$	518		$	(432	)	$	2,225
Return on equity		23.0	%		13.6	%		15.8	%		13.2	%		nm	(2)		13.4	%
(1)	Average amounts calculated using methods intended to approximate the daily average balances for the period.
---	---
(2)	Not meaningful.
---	---
(3)	Refer to Tables on page 5.
---	---
	For the three months ended October 31, 2022																		For the three months ended January 31, 2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
($ millions)	Canadian<br>Banking			International<br>Banking			Global<br>Wealth<br>Management			Global<br>Banking<br>and Markets			Other			Total			Canadian<br>Banking			International<br>Banking			Global<br>Wealth<br>Management			Global<br>Banking<br>and Markets			Other			Total
Reported
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	1,169		$	642		$	361		$	484		$	(707	)	$	1,949		$	1,198		$	542		$	410		$	559		$	(101	)	$	2,608
Total average common equity<br>(1)		18,757			19,501			9,701			14,260			2,877			65,096			17,373			17,569			9,443			12,717			8,359			65,461
Return on equity		24.7	%		13.1	%		14.8	%		13.4	%		nm	(2)		11.9	%		27.4	%		12.2	%		17.2	%		17.4	%		nm	(2)		15.8	%
Adjusted<br>(3)
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	1,173		$	649		$	368		$	484		$	(204	)	$	2,470		$	1,202		$	549		$	417		$	559		$	(101	)	$	2,626
Return on equity		24.8	%		13.2	%		15.0	%		13.4	%		nm	(2)		15.0	%		27.5	%		12.4	%		17.5	%		17.4	%		nm	(2)		15.9	%
(1)	Average amounts calculated using methods intended to approximate the daily average balances for the period.
---	---
(2)	Not meaningful.
---	---
(3)	Refer to Tables on page 5.
---	---

Return on tangible common equity

Return on tangible common equity is a profitability measure that is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to common shareholders (annualized), adjusted for the amortization of intangibles (excluding software), by average tangible common equity. Tangible common equity is defined as common shareholders’ equity adjusted for goodwill and intangible assets (excluding software), net of deferred taxes. This is a non-GAAP ratio.

Adjusted return on tangible common equity represents adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders as a percentage of average tangible common equity. This is a non-GAAP ratio.

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T5 Return on tangible common equity

	For the three months ended
(Unaudited)	January 31<br>2023			October 31<br>2022			January 31<br>2022
Reported
Average common equity – Reported<br>(1)	$	65,631		$	65,096		$	65,461
Average goodwill<br>(1)(2)		(9,334	)		(9,140	)		(9,234	)
Average acquisition-related intangibles (net of deferred tax)<br>(1)		(3,760	)		(3,773	)		(3,833	)
Average tangible common equity<br>(1)	$	52,537		$	52,183		$	52,394
Net income attributable to common shareholders – reported	$	1,631		$	1,949		$	2,608
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets (after tax)<br>(3)		15			18			18
Net income attributable to common shareholders adjusted for amortization of<br>acquisition-related intangible assets (after tax)	$	1,646		$	1,967		$	2,626
Return on tangible common equity<br>(4)		12.4	%		15.0	%		19.9	%
Adjusted<br>(3)
Adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders	$	2,225		$	2,470		$	2,626
Return on tangible common equity – adjusted<br>(4)(5)		16.8	%		18.8	%		19.9	%
(1)	Average amounts calculated using methods intended to approximate the daily average balances for the period.
---	---
(2)	Includes imputed goodwill from investments in associates.
---	---
(3)	Refer to Table on page 5.
---	---
(4)	Calculated on full dollar amounts.
---	---
(5)	Prior period amounts have been restated to align with current period calculation.
---	---

Adjusted productivity ratio

Adjusted productivity ratio represents adjusted non-interest expenses as a percentage of adjusted total revenue. This is a non-GAAP ratio.

Management uses the productivity ratio as a measure of the Bank’s efficiency. A lower ratio indicates improved productivity.

Adjusted operating leverage

This financial metric measures the rate of growth in adjusted total revenue less the rate of growth in adjusted non-interest expenses. This is a non-GAAP ratio.

Management uses operating leverage as a way to assess the degree to which the bank can increase operating income by increasing revenue.

Trading-related revenue (Taxable equivalent basis)

Trading-related revenue consists of net interest income and non-interest income. Included are unrealized gains and losses on security positions held, realized gains and losses from the purchase and sale of securities, fees and commissions from securities borrowing and lending activities, and gains and losses on trading derivatives. Underwriting and other advisory fees, which are shown separately in the Consolidated Statement of Income, are excluded. Trading-related revenue includes certain net interest income and non-interest income items on a taxable equivalent basis (TEB). This methodology grosses up tax-exempt income earned on certain securities to an equivalent before tax basis. This is a non-GAAP measure.

Management believes that this basis for measurement of trading-related revenue provides a uniform comparability of net interest income and non-interest income arising from both taxable and non-taxable sources and facilitates a consistent basis of measurement. While other banks also use TEB, their methodology may not be comparable to the Bank’s methodology.

Adjusted effective tax rate

The adjusted effective tax rate is calculated by dividing adjusted income tax expense by adjusted income before taxes. This is a non-GAAP ratio.

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Financial Highlights

T6 Financial highlights


(Unaudited)		October 31<br>2022		January 31<br>2022
Operating results ( millions)
Net interest income	4,569		4,622		4,344
Non-interest income	3,411		3,004		3,705
Total revenue	7,980		7,626		8,049
Provision for credit losses	638		529		222
Non-interest expenses	4,464		4,529		4,223
Income tax expense	1,106		475		864
Net income	1,772		2,093		2,740
Net income attributable to common shareholders	1,631		1,949		2,608
Operating performance
Basic earnings per share ()	1.37		1.64		2.15
Diluted earnings per share ()	1.36		1.63		2.14
Return on equity (%)(1)	9.9		11.9		15.8
Return on tangible common equity (%)(2)	12.4		15.0		19.9
Productivity ratio (%)(1)	55.9		59.4		52.5
Net interest margin (%)(2)	2.11		2.18		2.16
Financial position information ( millions)
Cash and deposits with financial institutions	81,386		65,895		99,053
Trading assets	116,346		113,154		152,947
Loans	755,157		744,987		667,338
Total assets	1,374,438		1,349,418		1,245,474
Deposits	949,887		916,181		851,045
Common equity	66,112		65,150		66,172
Preferred shares and other equity instruments	8,075		8,075		5,552
Assets under administration(1)	664,683		641,636		651,200
Assets under management(1)	322,423		311,099		345,339
Capital and liquidity measures
Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) capital ratio (%)(3)	11.5		11.5		12.0
Tier 1 capital ratio (%)(3)	13.2		13.2		13.4
Total capital ratio (%)(3)	15.2		15.3		15.1
Total loss absorbing capacity (TLAC) ratio (%)(4)	27.9		27.4		28.3
Leverage ratio (%)(5)	4.2		4.2		4.4
TLAC Leverage ratio (%)(4)	8.9		8.8		9.4
Risk-weighted assets ( millions)(3)	471,528		462,448		433,682
Liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) (%)(6)	122		119		123
Net stable funding ratio (NSFR) (%)(7)	109		111		108
Credit quality
Net impaired loans ( millions)	3,450		3,151		2,812
Allowance for credit losses ( millions)(8)	5,668		5,499		5,583
Gross impaired loans as a % of loans and acceptances(1)	0.65		0.62		0.64
Net impaired loans as a % of loans and acceptances(1)	0.44		0.41		0.41
Provision for credit losses as a % of average net loans and acceptances (annualized)(1)(9)	0.33		0.28		0.13
Provision for credit losses on impaired loans as a % of average net loans and acceptances (annualized)(1)(9)	0.29		0.26		0.24
Net write-offs as a % of average net loans and acceptances (annualized)(1)	0.29		0.24		0.27
Adjusted results(2)
Adjusted net income ( millions)	2,366		2,615		2,758
Adjusted diluted earnings per share ()	1.85		2.06		2.15
Adjusted return on equity (%)	13.4		15.0		15.9
Adjusted return on tangible common equity (%)(10)	16.8		18.8		19.9
Adjusted productivity ratio (%)	55.7		53.7		52.2
Common share information
Closing share price () (TSX)	72.03		65.85		91.56
Shares outstanding (millions)
Average – Basic	1,192		1,192		1,211
Average – Diluted	1,199		1,199		1,230
End of period	1,192		1,191		1,204
Dividends paid per share ()	1.03		1.03		1.00
Dividend yield (%)(1)	6.1		5.7		4.6
Market capitalization ( millions) (TSX)	85,842		78,452		110,274
Book value per common share ()(1)	55.47		54.68		54.94
Market value to book value multiple(1)	1.3		1.2		1.7
Price to earnings multiple (trailing 4 quarters)(1)	9.9		8.2		11.4
Other information
Employees (full-time equivalent)	91,264		90,979		89,782
Branches and offices	2,356		2,384		2,424

All values are in US Dollars.

(1)	Refer to Glossary on page 50 for the description of the measure.
(2)	Refer to page 4 for a discussion of <br>Non-GAAP<br> measures.
---	---
(3)	This measure has been disclosed in this document in accordance with OSFI Guideline – Capital Adequacy Requirements (November 2018).
---	---
(4)	This measure has been disclosed in this document in accordance with OSFI Guideline – Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (September 2018).
---	---
(5)	This measure has been disclosed in this document in accordance with OSFI Guideline – Leverage Requirements (November 2018).
---	---
(6)	This measure has been disclosed in this document in accordance with OSFI Guideline – Public Disclosure Requirements for Domestic Systemically Important Banks on Liquidity Coverage Ratio (April 2015).
---	---
(7)	This measure has been disclosed in this document in accordance with OSFI Guideline – Net Stable Funding Ratio Disclosure Requirements (January 2021).
---	---
(8)	Includes allowance for credit losses on all financial assets – loans, acceptances, <br>off-balance<br> sheet exposures, debt securities, and deposits with financial institutions.
---	---
(9)	Includes provision for credit losses on certain financial assets – loans, acceptances and <br>off-balance<br> sheet exposures.
---	---
(10)	Prior period amounts have been restated to align with current period calculation.
---	---

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Overview of Performance

Financial performance summary

The Bank’s reported net income this quarter was $1,772 million, compared to $2,740 million in the same period last year, and $2,093 million last quarter. Diluted earnings per share were $1.36 compared to $2.14 in the same period last year and $1.63 last quarter. Return on equity was 9.9%, compared to 15.8% in the same period last year and 11.9% last quarter.

The current quarter has adjusting items of $594 million after-tax ($21 million pre-tax), which includes income tax expense of $579 million reflecting the present value of the amount payable for the Canada Recovery Dividend (CRD). The net impact of the adjustments on diluted earnings per share was $0.49 and on Basel III Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1) ratio was approximately 12 basis points. Adjustments in Q4, 2022 were $522 million after-tax ($603 million pre-tax), or $0.43 impact on diluted earnings per share. Adjustments in Q1, 2022 were $18 million after-tax ($25 million pre-tax). Refer to Non-GAAP Measures starting on page 4 for details of adjustments.

Adjusted net income was $2,366 million compared to $2,758 million last year, a decrease of 14%. Adjusted diluted earnings per share were $1.85 compared to $2.15 last year. Adjusted return on equity was 13.4% compared to 15.9% a year ago. The decrease in net income was due mainly to higher provision for credit losses and non-interest expenses, partly offset by lower provision for income taxes.

Adjusted net income was $2,366 million this quarter compared to $2,615 million last quarter. Adjusted diluted earnings per share were $1.85, compared to $2.06 last quarter, and adjusted return on equity was 13.4% compared to 15.0% last quarter. The decrease in net income was due mainly to higher provision for credit losses and non-interest expenses, partly offset by lower provision for income taxes.

Economic summary and outlook

Though there remains much uncertainty about the future path, the global economy is proving to be more resilient to higher commodity prices, inflation and interest rates than earlier considered. Central bankers have been trying to engineer a slowing in economic activity through higher interest rates as they try to return inflation to target. The resulting hikes have been substantial and should have already led to a notable slowdown in economic activity, yet firms and households across many countries have not curtailed activity as much as had been expected. This is generally leading to an upward revision in forecasts for global economic activity in 2023. Moreover, there are increasing signs that inflation, though still well above acceptable levels, is on a downward path in many large economies owing to the decline in a broad basket of input prices. A meaningful slowdown is still required and expected as we forecast a recession in major economies in mid-2023.

In Canada, the Bank of Canada is likely at the end of the tightening phase. As is the case elsewhere, the economy is more robust than previously anticipated. This is most clearly seen in the labour market, where firms have been adding workers at a strong pace late last year and so far in 2023. While there are signs of a slowdown in consumer spending, business confidence is starting to improve from low levels. A mild recession is expected in the middle quarters of this year that should generate a modest increase in unemployment. Inflation looks increasingly to be on a very gradual path to 2% in 2024, allowing the Bank of Canada to leave its policy rate at current levels before beginning a process of gradual cuts later this year.

A similar dynamic is at play in the United States. Inflation appears to be on a gradual downward path though it remains very high. The labour market is characterized by strong job growth and high vacancies, and indicators of economic activity for late 2022 and early 2023 point to stronger than expected growth. A recession continues to be expected despite these developments, given the sharp rise in interest rates over the last year. The Federal Reserve is expected to raise interest rates by another 50 basis points and leave rates at 5.25% through the remainder of this year before beginning a series of gradual cuts in early 2024.

Economic data has also generally been more resilient in the Pacific Alliance Countries, though inflation is not slowing as much as in advanced economies. This has prompted more tightening than expected in these countries, with expectations of modest additional increases to come. This will lead to lower growth. The political situation in Peru remains a concern and will temper growth prospects though the economic impacts have so far been relatively modest. The upward revisions to global growth, China’s reopening and the realization that current copper production and supply is insufficient to ensure the green transition have led to a large increase in copper prices, which should have a positive impact in the region.

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 13

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Impact of foreign currency translation

The table below reflects the estimated impact of foreign currency translation on key income statement items and is computed on a basis that is different than the “ Constant dollar ” table in Non-GAAP Measures on page 7.

T7 Impact of foreign currency translation

						% Change
For the three months ended		October 31, 2022		January 31, 2022		January 31, 2023<br>vs. October 31, 2022			January 31, 2023<br>vs. January 31, 2022
U.S dollar/Canadian dollar	0.742		0.752		0.789		(1.3	)%		(6.0	)%
Mexican Peso/Canadian dollar	14.342		15.072		16.383		(4.8	)%		(12.5	)%
Peruvian Sol/Canadian dollar	2.853		2.942		3.143		(3.0	)%		(9.2	)%
Colombian Peso/Canadian dollar	3,567.606		3,381.348		3,128.422		5.5	%		14.0	%
Chilean Peso/Canadian dollar	646.312		696.481		653.988		(7.2	)%		(1.2	)%
Impact on net income(1) ( millions except EPS)						January 31, 2023<br>vs. October 31, 2022			January 31, 2023<br>vs. January 31, 2022
Net interest income						$	66		$	132
Non-interest income(2)							(123	)		(83	)
Non-interest expenses							(46	)		(97	)
Other items (net of tax)							33			7
Net income						$	(70	)	$	(41	)
Earnings per share (diluted)						$	(0.06	)	$	(0.03	)
Impact by business line ( millions)
Canadian Banking						$	–		$	2
International Banking(2)							(41	)		(25	)
Global Wealth Management							4			7
Global Banking and Markets							5			24
Other(2)							(38	)		(49	)
Net income						$	(70	)	$	(41	)

All values are in US Dollars.

(1)	Includes the impact of all currencies.
(2)	Includes the impact of foreign currency hedges.
---	---

14 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Group Financial Performance

Net income

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Net income was $1,772 million compared to $2,740 million, a decrease of 35%. The decrease was due mainly to higher provision for credit losses, non-interest expenses and provision for income taxes due to the Canada Recovery Dividend (CRD). Adjusted net income was $2,366 million compared to $2,758 million, a decrease of 14% due mainly to higher provision for credit losses and non-interest expenses, partly offset by lower provision for income taxes.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Net income was $1,772 million compared to $2,093 million, a decrease of 15%. The decrease was due mainly to higher provision for credit losses and income taxes, partly offset by higher non-interest income. Adjusted net income was $2,366 million compared to $2,615 million, a decrease of 10%, due mainly to higher provision for credit losses and higher non-interest expenses.

Total revenue

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Revenues were $7,980 million compared to $8,049 million, a decrease of 1% due mainly to lower non-interest income, partly offset by higher net interest income.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Revenues were $7,980 million compared to $7,626 million, an increase of 5% due mainly to higher non-interest income. Adjusted revenues were $7,980 million compared to $7,987 million, in line with the prior quarter as the decline in net interest income was largely offset by an increase in non-interest income.

Net interest income

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Net interest income was $4,569 million, an increase of $225 million or 5%. The increase reflects strong asset growth across all business lines and the positive impact of foreign currency translation, partly offset by a lower net interest margin.

The net interest margin was down five basis points to 2.11%, driven primarily by a lower contribution from asset/liability management activities related to higher funding costs and increased levels of high quality, lower-margin liquid assets. This was partly offset by higher Canadian Banking and International Banking margins which benefited from central bank rate increases.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Net interest income decreased $53 million or 1%. Loan growth across all business lines was more than offset by a lower net interest margin.

The net interest margin was down seven basis points driven by a lower contribution from asset/liability management activities and increased levels of high quality, lower-margin liquid assets, as well as lower margins in International Banking and Global Banking and Markets.

Non-interest income

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Non-interest income was $3,411 million, down $294 million or 8%. The decrease was due mainly to lower wealth management revenues, underwriting and advisory fees and income from associated corporations, the negative impact of foreign currency translation and unrealized losses on non-trading derivatives. Partly offsetting were higher banking revenues and investment gains.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Non-interest income was up $407 million or 14%. Adjusted non-interest income was up $46 million or 1%, due primarily to higher trading, banking and wealth management revenues, partly offset by lower underwriting and advisory fees, income from associated corporations and investment gains, and the negative impact of foreign currency translation.

Provision for credit losses

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

The provision for credit losses was $638 million, compared to $222 million, an increase of $416 million. The provision for credit losses ratio increased 20 basis points to 33 basis points.

The provision for credit losses on performing loans was $76 million, compared to a net reversal of $183 million. The provision this period was driven by portfolio growth in International Banking and the less favorable macroeconomic forecast primarily related to corporate and commercial portfolios. Provision reversals last year were due mainly to favourable portfolio credit quality and macroeconomic outlook.

The provision for credit losses on impaired loans was $562 million, compared to $405 million, an increase of $157 million or 39%, due primarily to higher retail provisions driven by higher formations in the International Banking and Canadian portfolios. The provision for credit losses ratio on impaired loans was 29 basis points, an increase of five basis points.

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 15

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

The provision for credit losses was $638 million, compared to $529 million, an increase of $109 million or 21%. The provision for credit losses ratio increased five basis points to 33 basis points.

The provision for credit losses on performing loans was $76 million, compared to $35 million last quarter, an increase of $41 million related primarily to portfolio growth in International Banking and higher corporate and commercial provisions due to the less favourable macroeconomic outlook.

The provision for credit losses on impaired loans was $562 million, compared to $494 million, an increase of $68 million or 14% due primarily to higher retail provisions driven by higher formations in International Banking and Canadian portfolios. The provision for credit losses ratio on impaired loans was 29 basis points, an increase of three basis points.

Non-interest expenses

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Non-interest expenses were $4,464 million, up $241 million or 6%. Adjusted non-interest expenses were $4,443 million, up $245 million or 6%, driven by higher personnel costs from increased staffing levels and inflationary adjustments, higher advertising and technology-related costs and the unfavourable impact of foreign currency translation. Partly offsetting were lower performance and share-based compensation, and professional fees.

The productivity ratio was 55.9% compared to 52.5%. The adjusted productivity ratio was 55.7% compared to 52.2%. Operating leverage was negative 6.6% on a reported basis and negative 6.7% on an adjusted basis.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Non-interest expenses were down $65 million or 1%. Adjusted non-interest expenses were up $156 million or 4%. The increase was driven by higher personnel costs from inflationary adjustments, higher share-based compensation and business and capital taxes, and the unfavourable impact of foreign currency translation, partly offset by lower professional fees.

The productivity ratio was 55.9% compared to 59.4%. The adjusted productivity ratio was 55.7% compared to 53.7%.

Taxes

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

The effective tax rate was 38.4% compared to 24.0% due primarily to the recognition of additional income tax expense of $579 million, reflecting the CRD. On an adjusted basis, the effective rate was 18.4% compared to 24.0%. Higher income from lower tax rate jurisdictions and higher tax-exempt income, more than offset the impact of the higher Canadian statutory tax rate (refer to Regulatory Developments on page 47).

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

The effective tax rate was 38.4% compared to 18.5% due primarily to the impact of the CRD. On an adjusted basis, the effective tax rate was 18.4% compared to 17.6% due primarily to lower inflationary adjustments in Mexico and Chile, and the higher Canadian statutory tax rate.

16 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Business Segment Review

Business segment results are presented on a taxable equivalent basis, adjusted for the following:

•	The Bank analyzes revenues on a taxable equivalent basis (TEB) for business lines. This methodology grosses up <br>tax-exempt<br> income earned on certain securities reported in either net interest income or <br>non-interest<br> income to an equivalent before tax basis. A corresponding increase is made to the provision for income taxes; hence, there is no impact on net income. Management believes that this basis for measurement provides a uniform comparability of net interest income and <br>non-interest<br> income arising from both taxable and <br>non-taxable<br> sources and facilitates a consistent basis of measurement. While other banks may also use TEB, their methodology may not be comparable to the Bank’s methodology. A segment’s revenue and provision for income taxes are grossed up by the taxable equivalent amount. The elimination of the TEB <br>gross-up<br> is recorded in the Other segment.
•	For business line performance assessment and reporting, net income from associated corporations, which is an after tax number, is adjusted to normalize for income taxes. The tax normalization adjustment grosses up the amount of net income from associated corporations and normalizes the effective tax rate in the business lines to better present the contribution of the associated corporations to the business line results.
---	---
Canadian Banking
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
T8 Canadian Banking financial performance
	For the three months ended
(Unaudited) ($ millions)<br><br><br>(Taxable equivalent basis)	January 31<br>2023			October 31<br>2022			January 31<br>2022
Reported Results
Net interest income	$	2,386		$	2,363		$	2,133
Non-interest<br> income<br>(1)		778			771			741
Total revenue		3,164			3,134			2,874
Provision for credit losses		218			163			(35	)
Non-interest<br> expenses		1,449			1,397			1,282
Income tax expense		410			404			426
Net income	$	1,087		$	1,170		$	1,201
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interest in subsidiaries	$	–		$	–		$	–
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	1,087		$	1,170		$	1,201
Other financial data and measures
Return on equity<br>(2)		23.0	%		24.7	%		27.4	%
Net interest margin<br>(2)		2.26	%		2.26	%		2.19	%
Provision for credit losses – performing (Stage 1 and 2)	$	31		$	10		$	(160	)
Provision for credit losses – impaired (Stage 3)	$	187		$	153		$	125
Provision for credit losses as a percentage of average net loans and acceptances (annualized)<br>(3)		0.19	%		0.15	%		(0.03	)%
Provision for credit losses on impaired loans as a percentage of average net loans and acceptances (annualized)<br>(3)		0.17	%		0.14	%		0.12	%
Net write-offs as a percentage of average net loans and acceptances (annualized)<br>(3)		0.16	%		0.14	%		0.14	%
Average assets <br>($ billions)	$	450		$	446		$	412
Average liabilities<br>($ billions)	$	357		$	347		$	320
(1)	Includes income (on a taxable equivalent basis) from investments in associated corporations of $15 (October 31, 2022 – $23; January 31, 2022 – $8).
---	---
(2)	Refer to <br>Non-GAAP<br> Measures on page 4 for the description of the measure.
---	---
(3)	Refer to Glossary on page 50 for the description of the measure.
---	---
T8A Adjusted Canadian Banking financial performance
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
	For the three months ended
(Unaudited) ($ millions)<br><br><br>(Taxable equivalent basis)	January 31<br>2023		October 31<br>2022		January 31<br>2022
Adjusted Results<br>(1)
Net interest income	$	2,386	$	2,363	$	2,133
Non-interest<br> income		778		771		741
Total revenue		3,164		3,134		2,874
Provision for credit losses		218		163		(35	)
Non-interest<br> expenses<br>(2)		1,447		1,391		1,276
Income tax expense		411		406		428
Net income	$	1,088	$	1,174	$	1,205
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interest in subsidiaries	$	–	$	–	$	–
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	1,088	$	1,174	$	1,205
(1)	Refer to <br>Non-GAAP<br> Measures on page 4 for adjusted results.
---	---
(2)	Includes adjustment for amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, excluding software of $2 (October 31, 2022 – $6; January 31, 2022 – $6).
---	---

Net income

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Net income attributable to equity holders was $1,087 million, compared to $1,201 million. Adjusted net income attributable to equity holders was $1,088 million, down $117 million or 10%. The decline was due primarily to higher provision for credit losses and non-interest expenses, partly offset by higher revenue.

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 17

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Net income attributable to equity holders declined $83 million or 7%. Adjusted net income attributable to equity holders declined $86 million or 7%. The decline was due primarily to higher provision for credit losses and non-interest expenses, partly offset by higher revenue.

Average assets

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Average assets were $450 billion, an increase of $38 billion or 9%. The growth included $18 billion or 7% in residential mortgages, $15 billion or 22% in business loans and acceptances, $4 billion or 5% in personal loans, and $1 billion or 12% in credit cards.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Average assets increased $4 billion or 1%. The growth included $3 billion or 3% in business loans and acceptances, and $1 billion or 1% in personal loans.

Average liabilities

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Average liabilities were $357 billion, an increase of $37 billion or 11%. The growth included $24 billion or 13% in personal deposits, primarily in term products, and $5 billion or 4% in non-personal deposits.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Average liabilities increased $10 billion or 3%. The increase was driven largely by growth in personal deposits, primarily in term products.

Total revenue

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Revenues were $3,164 million, up $290 million or 10%, due to higher net interest income and non-interest income.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Revenues increased $30 million or 1%, due to higher net interest income and non-interest income.

Net interest income

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Net interest income of $2,386 million increased $253 million or 12%, due primarily to strong loan and deposit growth, as well as margin expansion. The net interest margin increased seven basis points to 2.26%, due mainly to higher deposit margins and the impact of the Bank of Canada rate increases, partly offset by lower loan margins.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Net interest income increased $23 million or 1%, due primarily to solid loan and deposit growth. The net interest margin was in line with the prior quarter as higher loan margins were offset by lower deposit margins.

Non-interest income

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Non-interest income of $778 million increased $37 million or 5%. The increase was due primarily to elevated private equity gains and higher banking revenue, partly offset by lower mutual fund distribution fees.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Non-interest income increased $7 million or 1%. The increase was due primarily to elevated private equity gains partly offset by lower income from associated corporations and lower insurance income.

Provision for credit losses

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

The provision for credit losses was $218 million, compared to a net reversal of $35 million. The provision for credit losses ratio increased 22 basis points to 19 basis points.

Provision for credit losses on performing loans was $31 million, compared to a net reversal of $160 million. The provision this period was driven primarily by commercial provisions due to less favourable macroeconomic outlook, and retail provisions driven primarily by residential mortgages and auto loans. Provision reversals last year were due mainly to favourable portfolio credit quality and macroeconomic outlook.

Provision for credit losses on impaired loans was $187 million, compared to $125 million, an increase of $62 million or 50% due primarily to higher retail provisions driven by higher formations on unsecured loans. The provision for credit losses ratio on impaired loans was 17 basis points, an increase of five basis points.

18 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

The provision for credit losses was $218 million, compared to $163 million, an increase of $55 million or 34%. The provision for credit losses ratio increased four basis points to 19 basis points.

Provision for credit losses on performing loans was $31 million, compared to $10 million. The increase was driven primarily by commercial provisions due to less favourable macroeconomic outlook, and retail provisions driven primarily by residential mortgages and auto loans.

Provision for credit losses on impaired loans was $187 million, compared to $153 million, an increase of $34 million or 22% due primarily to higher retail provisions driven by higher formations on unsecured loans. The provision for credit losses ratio on impaired loans was 17 basis points, an increase of three basis points.

Non-interest expenses

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Non-interest expenses were $1,449 million compared to $1,282 million, up 13%. Adjusted non-interest expenses were $1,447 million, up $171 million or 13%, due primarily to higher personnel costs from increased staffing levels and inflationary adjustments, higher technology, advertising, and business development costs to support business growth.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Non-interest expenses were up $52 million or 4%. Adjusted non-interest expenses were up $56 million or 4%, due primarily to higher personnel costs from increased staffing levels and inflationary adjustments, and higher technology costs to support business growth.

Taxes

The effective tax rate was 27.4% compared to 26.2% in the prior year and 25.7% in the prior quarter. The increase this quarter was driven mainly by the higher Canadian statutory tax rate.

International Banking
T9 International Banking financial performance
	For the three months ended
(Unaudited) ($ millions)<br><br><br>(Taxable equivalent basis)	January 31<br>2023			October 31<br>2022			January 31<br>2022
Reported Results
Net interest income	$	1,899		$	1,806		$	1,648
Non-interest<br> income<br>(1)		802			698			749
Total revenue		2,701			2,504			2,397
Provision for credit losses		404			355			274
Non-interest<br> expenses		1,436			1,364			1,285
Income tax expense		169			106			208
Net income	$	692		$	679		$	630
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interest in subsidiaries	$	38		$	36		$	85
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	654		$	643		$	545
Other financial data and measures
Return on equity<br>(2)		13.4	%		13.1	%		12.2	%
Net interest margin<br>(2)		4.00	%		4.08	%		3.87	%
Provision for credit losses – performing (Stage 1 and 2)	$	29		$	35		$	(12	)
Provision for credit losses – impaired (Stage 3)	$	375		$	320		$	286
Provision for credit losses as a percentage of average net loans and acceptances (annualized)<br>(3)		0.96	%		0.89	%		0.77	%
Provision for credit losses on impaired loans as a percentage of average net loans and acceptances (annualized)<br>(3)		0.89	%		0.81	%		0.81	%
Net write-offs as a percentage of average net loans and acceptances (annualized)<br>(3)		0.88	%		0.76	%		0.88	%
Average assets <br>($ billions)	$	228		$	217		$	196
Average liabilities <br>($ billions)	$	169		$	160		$	144
(1)	Includes income (on a taxable equivalent basis) from investments in associated corporations of $63 (October 31, 2022 – $51; January 31, 2022 – $68).
---	---
(2)	Refer to <br>Non-GAAP<br> Measures on page 4 for the description of the measure.
---	---
(3)	Refer to Glossary on page 50 for the description of the measure.
---	---
T9A Adjusted International Banking financial performance
---	---	---	---	---	---	---
	For the three months ended
(Unaudited) ($ millions)<br><br><br>(Taxable equivalent basis)	January 31<br>2023		October 31<br>2022		January 31<br>2022
Adjusted Results<br>(1)
Net interest income	$	1,899	$	1,806	$	1,648
Non-interest<br> income		802		698		749
Total revenue		2,701		2,504		2,397
Provision for credit losses		404		355		274
Non-interest<br> expenses<br>(2)		1,426		1,355		1,275
Income tax expense		172		108		211
Net income	$	699	$	686	$	637
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interest in subsidiaries	$	38	$	36	$	85
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	661	$	650	$	552
(1)	Refer to <br>Non-GAAP<br> Measures on page 4 for adjusted results.
---	---
(2)	Includes adjustment for amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, excluding software of $10 (October 31, 2022 – $9; January 31, 2022 – $10).
---	---

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 19

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Net income

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Net income attributable to equity holders was $654 million, an increase from $545 million. Adjusted net income attributable to equity holders was $661 million, an increase from $552 million. The increase was driven by higher net interest income and non-interest income and lower provision for income taxes, partly offset by higher non-interest expenses and provision for credit losses.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Net income attributable to equity holders increased by $11 million or 2% from $643 million. Adjusted net income attributable to equity holders increased by $11 million or 2%, from $650 million. This increase was driven by higher non-interest income and net interest income, partly offset by higher non-interest expenses, provision for income taxes, and provision for credit losses.

Financial Performance on a Constant Dollar Basis

The discussion below on the results of operations is on a constant dollar basis. Under the constant dollar basis, prior period amounts are recalculated using current period average foreign currency rates, which is a non-GAAP financial measure (refer to Non-GAAP Measures on page 7). The Bank believes that constant dollar is useful for readers in assessing ongoing business performance without the impact of foreign currency translation and is used by management to assess the performance of the business segment. Ratios are on a reported basis.

T10 International Banking financial performance on reported and constant dollar basis
	For the three months ended
(Unaudited) ($ millions)<br><br><br>(Taxable equivalent basis)	January 31<br>2023		October 31<br>2022		January 31<br>2022
Constant dollars – Reported<br>(1)
Net interest income	$	1,899	$	1,866	$	1,756
Non-interest<br> income<br>(2)		802		696		735
Total revenue		2,701		2,562		2,491
Provision for credit losses		404		366		291
Non-interest<br> expenses		1,436		1,398		1,350
Income tax expense		169		106		208
Net income	$	692	$	692	$	642
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interest in subsidiaries	$	38	$	37	$	87
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	654	$	655	$	555
Other financial data and measures
Average assets <br>($ billions)	$	228	$	225	$	208
Average liabilities <br>($ billions)	$	169	$	166	$	152
(1)	Refer to <br>Non-GAAP<br> Measures on page 4.
---	---
(2)	Includes income (on a taxable equivalent basis) from investments in associated corporations of $63 (October 31, 2022 – $53; January 31, 2022 – $69).
---	---
T10A International Banking financial performance on adjusted and constant dollar basis
---	---	---	---	---	---	---
	For the three months ended
(Unaudited) ($ millions)<br><br><br>(Taxable equivalent basis)	January 31<br>2023		October 31<br>2022		January 31<br>2022
Constant dollars – Adjusted<br>(1)
Net interest income	$	1,899	$	1,866	$	1,756
Non-interest<br> income		802		696		735
Total revenue		2,701		2,562		2,491
Provision for credit losses		404		366		291
Non-interest<br> expenses		1,426		1,388		1,340
Income tax expense		172		109		210
Net income	$	699	$	699	$	650
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interest in subsidiaries	$	38	$	37	$	88
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	661	$	662	$	562
Other financial data and measures
Average assets <br>($ billions)	$	228	$	225	$	208
Average liabilities <br>($ billions)	$	169	$	166	$	152
(1)	Refer to <br>Non-GAAP<br> Measures on page 4.
---	---

20 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Net income

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Net income attributable to equity holders was $654 million, an increase from $555 million. Adjusted net income attributable to equity holders was $661 million, an increase of $99 million or 18%. This increase was driven by higher net interest income and non-interest income, and lower provision for income taxes, partly offset by higher provision for credit losses and non-interest expenses.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Net income attributable to equity holders decreased by $1 million to $654 million as higher non-interest income and net interest income were offset by higher provision for income taxes, non-interest expenses and provision for credit losses.

Average assets

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Average assets were $228 billion, an increase of $20 billion. Total loan growth of 13% was driven mainly by Chile, Mexico and Brazil. Residential mortgages increased by 14%, business loans increased by 13%, and personal loans and credit cards increased by 9%.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Average assets increased by $3 billion. Loan growth was 3%, driven mainly by Mexico and Chile. Business loans and residential mortgages increased by 3% and personal loans and credit cards increased by 2%.

Average liabilities

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Average liabilities of $169 billion were up $17 billion. Total deposits increased by 11% driven mainly by Mexico and Chile. Non-personal deposits increased by 15% and personal deposits increased by 4%. Term deposits increased by 31% while non-term deposits decreased by 4%.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Average liabilities were up $3 billion. Total deposits increased by 3% driven mainly by Mexico. Non-personal deposits increased by 3% and personal deposits increased by 2%. Term deposits increased by 6% while non-term deposits decreased by 1%.

Total revenue

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Revenues were $2,701 million, an increase of $210 million or 8%, driven by higher net interest income and non-interest income.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Revenues increased by $139 million, or 5%, driven by higher non-interest income and net interest income.

Net interest income

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Net interest income of $1,899 million was up 8%, driven by growth in business loans, residential mortgages, personal loans and credit cards, as well as margin expansion. Net interest margin increased by 13 basis points to 4.00%, due to changes in asset mix, and higher spreads from loans in Brazil and Caribbean, partly offset by lower inflationary adjustments mainly in Chile.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Net interest income increased by $33 million, or 2%, driven by growth in business loans, residential mortgages, personal loans and credit cards. Net interest margin decreased by 8 basis points to 4.00%, due to lower inflationary adjustments mainly in Chile.

Non-interest income

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Non-interest income was $802 million, compared to $735 million, an increase of $67 million driven mainly by higher net fees and commissions, capital market revenues and investment gains.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Non-interest income increased by $106 million or 15%, driven by higher net fees and commissions, capital market revenues and investment gains.

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 21

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Provision for credit losses

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

The provision for credit losses was $404 million, compared to $291 million, an increase of $113 million or 39%. The provision for credit losses ratio increased 19 basis points to 96 basis points.

Provision for credit losses on performing loans was $29 million, compared to a reversal of $10 million. The provision this period related to higher retail and commercial provisions primarily in Colombia and Chile, due mainly to portfolio growth and a less favourable macroeconomic outlook.

Provision for credit losses on impaired loans was $375 million, compared to $301 million, an increase of $74 million or 25%. This was due to higher retail provisions driven by higher formations, primarily in Chile. The provision for credit losses ratio on impaired loans was 89 basis points, an increase of eight basis points.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

The provision for credit losses was $404 million, compared to $366 million, an increase of $38 million or 10%. The provision for credit losses ratio increased by seven basis points to 96 basis points.

Provision for credit losses on performing loans was $29 million, compared to $37 million, a decrease of $8 million primarily in the retail portfolio.

Provision for credit losses on impaired loans was $375 million compared to $329 million, an increase of $46 million or 14% due partly to higher retail provisions driven by higher formations, primarily in Chile. The provision for credit losses ratio on impaired loans increased by eight basis points to 89 basis points.

Non-interest expenses

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Non-interest expenses were $1,436 million, up 6%. Adjusted non-interest expenses were $1,426 million, up 6%, driven by higher business taxes and inflationary impacts.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Non-interest expenses were $1,436 million compared to $1,398 million, an increase of 3%. Adjusted non-interest expenses increased by $38 million or 3% from $1,388 million last quarter, driven by higher salaries and employee benefits due primarily to performance-based compensation, and seasonally higher business taxes in the Caribbean.

Taxes

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

The effective tax rate was 19.6%, compared to 24.8%. On an adjusted basis, the effective tax rate was 19.7% compared to 24.9%, due primarily to higher inflationary adjustments in Chile and Mexico, and changes in earnings mix across jurisdictions.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

The effective tax rate was 19.6%, compared to 13.5%. On an adjusted basis, the effective tax rate was 19.7% compared to 13.6% due primarily to lower inflationary adjustments in Mexico and Chile.

Global Wealth Management
T11 Global Wealth Management financial performance
	For the three months ended
(Unaudited) ($ millions)<br><br><br>(Taxable equivalent basis)	January 31<br>2023			October 31<br>2022			January 31<br>2022
Reported Results
Net interest income	$	213		$	206		$	174
Non-interest<br> income		1,110			1,083			1,248
Total revenue		1,323			1,289			1,422
Provision for credit losses		1			1			(1	)
Non-interest<br> expenses		802			798			862
Income tax expense		133			127			146
Net income	$	387		$	363		$	415
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interest in subsidiaries	$	2		$	2		$	3
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	385		$	361		$	412
Other financial data and measures
Return on equity<br>(1)		15.5	%		14.8	%		17.2	%
Assets under administration <br>($ billions)<br><br>(2)	$	607		$	580		$	601
Assets under management <br>($ billions<br>)<br>(2)	$	322		$	311		$	345
Average assets <br>($ billions)	$	34		$	34		$	31
Average liabilities <br>($ billions)	$	42		$	44		$	47
(1)	Refer to <br>Non-GAAP<br> Measures on page 4 for the description of the measure.
---	---
(2)	Refer to Glossary on page 50 for the description of the measure.
---	---

22 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

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T11A Adjusted Global Wealth Management financial performance
	For the three months ended
(Unaudited) ($ millions)<br><br><br>(Taxable equivalent basis)	January 31<br>2023		October 31<br>2022		January 31<br>2022
Adjusted Results<br>(1)
Net interest income	$	213	$	206	$	174
Non-interest<br> income		1,110		1,083		1,248
Total revenue		1,323		1,289		1,422
Provision for credit losses		1		1		(1	)
Non-interest<br> expenses<br>(2)		793		789		853
Income tax expense		135		129		148
Net income	$	394	$	370	$	422
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interest in subsidiaries	$	2	$	2	$	3
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	392	$	368	$	419
(1)	Refer to <br>Non-GAAP<br> Measures on page 4 for adjusted results.
---	---
(2)	Includes adjustment for Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, excluding software of $9 (October 31, 2022 – $9; January 31, 2022 – $9).
---	---

Net income

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Net income attributable to equity holders was $385 million, a decrease of $27 million or 7%, due primarily to lower fee income and the impact of elevated seasonal performance fees in the prior year, partly offset by higher net interest income and lower non-interest expenses.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Net income attributable to equity holders increased $24 million or 6%. The increase was due primarily to higher fee revenue and net interest income, partly offset by volume-driven expense growth.

Assets under management (AUM) and assets under administration (AUA)

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Assets under management of $322 billion decreased $23 billion or 7% driven by market depreciation and net redemptions. Assets under administration of $607 billion increased $6 billion or 1% due primarily to higher net sales partly offset by market depreciation.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Assets under management increased $11 billion or 4% due primarily to market appreciation. Assets under administration increased $27 billion or 5% due primarily to market appreciation and higher net sales.

Total revenue

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Revenues were $1,323 million, down $99 million or 7% due primarily to lower fee income driven by lower AUM and client trading volumes, and the impact of elevated seasonal performance fees in the prior year, partly offset by higher net interest income driven by strong loan growth and improved margins.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Revenues were up $34 million or 3% due primarily to higher fee revenue driven by AUM growth from market appreciation, and higher net interest income from loan growth and improved margins.

Provision for credit losses

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

The provision for credit losses was $1 million, an increase of $2 million. The provision for credit losses ratio increased two basis points to one basis point.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

The provision for credit losses was $1 million, unchanged from last quarter. The provision for credit losses ratio decreased from two basis points to one basis point.

Non-interest expenses

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Non-interest expenses of $802 million were down $60 million or 7%, driven largely by lower volume-related expenses and the impact of elevated seasonal performance fees in the prior year.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Non-interest expenses were up $4 million or 1%, driven largely by higher volume-related expenses.

Taxes

The effective tax rate was 25.6% compared to 26.1% in the prior year and 25.8% in the prior quarter.

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 23

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Global Banking and Markets

T12 Global Banking and Markets financial performance

	For the three months ended
(Unaudited) ($ millions)<br><br><br>(Taxable equivalent basis)	January 31<br>2023			October 31<br>2022			January 31<br>2022
Reported Results
Net interest income	$	454		$	492		$	373
Non-interest<br> income		1,049			862			1,031
Total revenue		1,503			1,354			1,404
Provision for credit losses		15			11			(16	)
Non-interest<br> expenses		773			696			670
Income tax expense		196			163			189
Net income	$	519		$	484		$	561
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interest in subsidiaries	$	–		$	–		$	–
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	519		$	484		$	561
Other financial data and measures
Return on equity<br>(1)		13.2	%		13.4	%		17.4	%
Provision for credit losses – performing (Stage 1 and 2)	$	13		$	(11	)	$	(8	)
Provision for credit losses – impaired (Stage 3)	$	2		$	22		$	(8	)
Provision for credit losses as a percentage of average net loans and acceptances (annualized)<br>(2)		0.04	%		0.03	%		(0.06	)%
Provision for credit losses on impaired loans as a percentage of average net loans and acceptances (annualized)<br>(2)		–	%		0.06	%		(0.03	)%
Net write-offs as a percentage of average net loans and acceptances<br>(2)		0.02	%		0.01	%		0.01	%
Average assets <br>($ billions)	$	481		$	461		$	444
Average liabilities <br>($ billions)	$	455		$	430		$	407
(1)	Refer to <br>Non-GAAP<br> Measures on page 4 for the description of the measure.
---	---
(2)	Refer to Glossary on page 50 for the description of the measure.
---	---

Net income

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Net income attributable to equity holders was $519 million, a decrease of $42 million or 7%, due mainly to higher non-interest expenses and provision for credit losses, partly offset by higher net interest income, non-interest income, and the positive impact of foreign currency translation.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Net income attributable to equity holders increased by $35 million or 7%. This was due to higher non-interest income, partly offset by higher non-interest expense, lower net interest income and higher provision for credit losses.

Average assets

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Average assets were $481 billion, an increase of $37 billion or 8% due mainly to increases in business loans, securities purchased under resale agreements, and the impact of foreign currency translation, partly offset by lower trading securities. Business loans increased 33%, primarily in Canada and the U.S.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Average assets increased $20 billion or 4% due mainly to increases in securities purchased under resale agreements, business loans, and the impact of foreign currency translation.

Average liabilities

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Average liabilities were $455 billion, an increase of $48 billion or 12% due mainly to increases in deposits, securities sold under repurchase agreements, derivative-related liabilities, and the impact of foreign currency translation.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Average liabilities increased $25 billion or 6% due mainly to increases in securities sold under repurchase agreements and the impact of foreign currency translation.

Total revenue

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Revenues were $1,503 million, an increase of $99 million or 7% due to higher net interest income, non-interest income and the positive impact of foreign currency translation.

24 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Revenues increased by $149 million or 11% due to higher non-interest income, partly offset by lower net-interest income.

Net interest income

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Net interest income was $454 million, an increase of $81 million or 22% due to growth in business loans and deposits, increased deposit margins, higher loan fees and the positive impact of foreign currency translation, partly offset by higher trading-related funding costs. Business loans increased 33% primarily in Canada and US.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Net interest income decreased by $38 million or 8% due to lower deposit margins, partly offset by growth in business loans and deposits, loan fees and the positive impact of foreign currency translation.

Non-interest income

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Non-interest income was $1,049 million, an increase of $18 million or 2% due to higher trading revenues, banking fees and the positive impact of foreign currency translation, partly offset by lower underwriting and advisory fees.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Non-interest income increased by $187 million or 22%, due mainly to higher trading revenues in the fixed income and equities businesses, partly offset by lower underwriting and advisory fees.

Provision for credit losses

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

The provision for credit losses was $15 million, compared to a net reversal of $16 million. The provision for credit losses ratio was four basis points, an increase of ten basis points.

Provision for credit losses on performing loans was $13 million, compared to a net reversal of $8 million. The increase in provision was due primarily to the less favourable macroeconomic outlook.

Provision for credit losses on impaired loans was $2 million, compared to a net reversal of $8 million as prior period included a recovery on one account. The provision for credit losses ratio on impaired loans was nil.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

The provision for credit losses was $15 million, compared to $11 million, an increase of $4 million. The provision for credit losses ratio was four basis points, an increase of one basis point.

Provision for credit losses on performing loans was $13 million, compared to a net reversal of $11 million last quarter due primarily to a less favourable macroeconomic outlook.

Provision for credit losses on impaired loans was $2 million, a decrease of $20 million due primarily to lower provisions driven by lower formations in the period. The provision for credit losses ratio on impaired loans decreased six basis points to nil.

Non-interest expenses

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Non-interest expenses of $773 million, were up $103 million or 15%, due mainly to higher personnel and technology costs to support business growth, and the negative impact of foreign currency translation.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Non-interest expenses increased $77 million or 11% due mainly to increases in personnel and technology costs to support business growth, seasonally higher shared-based compensation, and the negative impact of foreign currency translation.

Taxes

The effective tax rate was 27.5% compared to 25.2% in the prior year and prior quarter. The increase was driven mainly by an increase in the Canadian statutory tax rate, higher non-deductible expenses and change in earnings mix across jurisdictions.

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 25

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Other (1)

T13 Other financial performance

	For the three months ended
(Unaudited) ($ millions)<br><br><br>(Taxable equivalent basis)	January 31<br>2023			October 31<br>2022			January 31<br>2022
Reported Results
Net interest income<br>(2)	$	(383	)	$	(245	)	$	16
Non-interest<br> income<br>(2)(3)		(328	)		(410	)		(64	)
Total revenue		(711	)		(655	)		(48	)
Provision for credit losses		–			(1	)		–
Non-interest<br> expenses		4			274			124
Income tax expense<br>(2)		198			(325	)		(105	)
Net income	$	(913	)	$	(603	)	$	(67	)
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interest in subsidiaries	$	–		$	–		$	–
Net income attributable to equity holders	$	(913	)	$	(603	)	$	(67	)
Other measures
Average assets<br>($ billions)	$	187		$	175		$	156
Average liabilities <br>($ billions)	$	282		$	278		$	245
(1)	Includes all other smaller operating segments and corporate adjustments, such as the elimination of the <br>tax-exempt<br> income <br>gross-up<br> reported in net interest income, <br>non-interest<br> income and provision for income taxes and differences in the actual amount of costs incurred and charged to the operating segments.
---	---
(2)	Includes the elimination of the <br>tax-exempt<br> income <br>gross-up<br> reported in net interest income, <br>non-interest<br> income and provision for income taxes of $120 (October 31, 2022–$99; January 31, 2022–$92) to arrive at the amounts reported in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
---	---
(3)	Income (on a taxable equivalent basis) from investments in associated corporations and the provision for income taxes in each period include the tax normalization adjustments related to the <br>gross-up<br> of income from associated companies of $(65) (October 31, 2022 – $(30); January 31, 2022 – $14).
---	---

T13A Adjusted Other financial performance

	For the three months ended
(Unaudited) ($ millions)<br><br><br>(Taxable equivalent basis)	January 31<br>2023			October 31<br>2022			January 31<br>2022
Adjusted Results<br>(1)
Net interest income	$	(383	)	$	(245	)	$	16
Non-interest<br> income<br>(2)		(328	)		(49	)		(64	)
Total revenue		(711	)		(294	)		(48	)
Provision for credit losses		–			(1	)		–
Non-interest<br> expenses<br>(3)		4			56			124
Income tax expense<br>(4)		(381	)		(250	)		(105	)
Net income	$	(334	)	$	(99	)	$	(67	)
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interest in subsidiaries	$	–		$	1		$	–
Net income attributable to equity holders	$	(334	)	$	(100	)	$	(67	)
(1)	Refer to <br>Non-GAAP<br> Measures on page 4 for adjusted results.
---	---
(2)	Includes adjustment for net loss on divestitures and wind-down of operations of $361 in Q4, 2022.
---	---
(3)	Includes adjustments for support costs for Scene+ loyalty program of $133 and restructuring and other provisions of $85 in Q4, 2022.
---	---
(4)	Includes adjustment for the Canada Recovery Dividend of $579 in Q1, 2023.
---	---

The Other segment includes Group Treasury, smaller operating segments and corporate items which are not allocated to a business line. Group Treasury is primarily responsible for Balance Sheet, Liquidity and Interest Rate Risk management, which includes the Bank’s wholesale funding activities.

Net interest income, non-interest income, and the provision for income taxes in each period include the elimination of tax-exempt income gross-up. This amount is included in the operating segments, which are reported on a taxable equivalent basis.

Net income from associated corporations and the provision for income taxes in each period include the tax normalization adjustments related to the gross-up of income from associated companies. This adjustment normalizes the effective tax rate in the divisions to better present the contribution of the associated companies to the divisional results.

Q1 2023 vs Q1 2022

Net income attributable to equity holders was a net loss of $913 million, which included $579 million of income tax expense related to the Canada Recovery Dividend. Adjusted net income attributable to equity holders was a net loss of $334 million compared to a net loss of $67 million in the prior year. The decrease of $267 million was due mainly to lower revenues of $663 million, partly offset by lower expenses and income taxes. Approximately three quarters of the lower revenue relates to treasury activities due mainly to higher term funding costs and lower income from hedges reflecting the Bank’s interest rate position to benefit from declining rates, which were partly offset by higher income from liquid assets. Also contributing to the lower revenue was lower income from associated corporations, and lower investment gains.

Q1 2023 vs Q4 2022

Net income attributable to equity holders decreased $310 million from the prior quarter. On an adjusted basis, net income attributable to equity holders decreased $234 million, due mainly to lower revenues of $417 million, partly offset by lower expenses and income taxes. Approximately half of the lower revenue relates to treasury activities due mainly to higher term funding costs, and lower income from hedges reflecting the Bank’s interest rate position to benefit from declining rates, which were partly offset by higher income from liquid assets. Also contributing to the revenue decrease was lower investment gains, and lower income from associated corporations.

26 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

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Geographic Highlights

T14 Geographic highlights

	For the three months ended January 31, 2023
(Unaudited) ($millions)	Canada		U.S.		Mexico		Peru		Chile		Colombia			Caribbean<br>and Central<br>America		Other		Total
Reported results
Net interest income	$	2,232	$	296	$	514	$	331	$	379	$	134		$	428	$	255	$	4,569
Non-interest<br> income		2,005		310		205		134		207		96			201		253		3,411
Total revenue		4,237		606		719		465		586		230			629		508		7,980
Provision for credit losses		228		3		56		98		122		74			36		21		638
Non-interest<br> expenses		2,469		313		351		178		240		156			361		396		4,464
Income tax expense		811		82		67		45		33		3			49		16		1,106
Net income		729		208		245		144		191		(3	)		183		75		1,772
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interests in subsidiaries		–		–		5		1		11		(4	)		27		–		40
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	729	$	208	$	240	$	143	$	180	$	1		$	156	$	75	$	1,732
Adjusted results<br>(1)
Adjustments		586		–		–		1		5		–			1		1		594
Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	1,315	$	208	$	240	$	144	$	185	$	1		$	157	$	76	$	2,326
Average Assets<br><br>($billions)	$	834	$	212	$	54	$	28	$	59	$	13		$	34	$	146	$	1,380
	For the three months ended October 31, 2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
(Unaudited) ($millions)	Canada		U.S.			Mexico		Peru		Chile		Colombia			Caribbean<br>and Central<br>America		Other		Total
Reported results
Net interest income	$	2,390	$	301		$	474	$	293	$	374	$	143		$	415	$	232	$	4,622
Non-interest<br> income		1,690		336			188		114		152		92			158		274		3,004
Total revenue		4,080		637			662		407		526		235			573		506		7,626
Provision for credit losses		188		(14	)		61		86		95		57			43		13		529
Non-interest<br> expenses		2,616		272			333		170		213		176			349		400		4,529
Income tax expense		242		95			45		40		–		(6	)		35		24		475
Net income		1,034		284			223		111		218		8			146		69		2,093
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interests in subsidiaries		2		–			5		–		4		2			25		–		38
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	1,032	$	284		$	218	$	111	$	214	$	6		$	121	$	69	$	2,055
Adjusted results<br>(1)
Adjustments		482		–			1		2		6		1			1		28		521
Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	1,514	$	284		$	219	$	113	$	220	$	7		$	122	$	97	$	2,576
Average Assets<br><br>($billions)	$	816	$	200		$	49	$	27	$	54	$	13		$	33	$	141	$	1,333
	For the three months ended January 31, 2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
(Unaudited) ($millions)	Canada			U.S.			Mexico		Peru		Chile		Colombia		Caribbean<br>and Central<br>America		Other		Total
Reported results
Net interest income	$	2,386		$	201		$	421	$	279	$	405	$	162	$	325	$	165	$	4,344
Non-interest<br> income		2,312			278			173		119		139		103		183		398		3,705
Total revenue		4,698			479			594		398		544		265		508		563		8,049
Provision for credit losses		(37	)		(6	)		60		75		39		46		40		5		222
Non-interest<br> expenses		2,462			255			289		149		224		175		334		335		4,223
Income tax expense		540			59			60		48		52		18		34		53		864
Net income		1,733			171			185		126		229		26		100		170		2,740
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interests in subsidiaries		–			–			4		2		50		11		21		–		88
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	1,733		$	171		$	181	$	124	$	179	$	15	$	79	$	170	$	2,652
Adjusted results<br>(1)
Adjustments		10			–			–		1		5		–		1		1		18
Adjusted net income (loss) attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	1,743		$	171		$	181	$	125	$	184	$	15	$	80	$	171	$	2,670
Average Assets<br><br>($billions)	$	721		$	213		$	43	$	25	$	52	$	13	$	30	$	142	$	1,239
(1)	Refer to <br>Non-GAAP<br> Measures on page 4 for adjusted results.
---	---

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 27

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Quarterly Financial Highlights

T15 Quarterly financial highlights


(Unaudited) ( millions)			October 31<br>2022			July 31<br>2022			April 30<br>2022			January 31<br>2022			October 31<br>2021			July 31<br>2021			April 30<br>2021
Reported results
Net interest income	4,569		$	4,622		$	4,676		$	4,473		$	4,344		$	4,217		$	4,217		$	4,176
Non-interest income	3,411			3,004			3,123			3,469			3,705			3,470			3,540			3,560
Total revenue	7,980		$	7,626		$	7,799		$	7,942		$	8,049		$	7,687		$	7,757		$	7,736
Provision for credit losses	638			529			412			219			222			168			380			496
Non-interest expenses	4,464			4,529			4,191			4,159			4,223			4,271			4,097			4,042
Income tax expense	1,106			475			602			817			864			689			738			742
Net income	1,772		$	2,093		$	2,594		$	2,747		$	2,740		$	2,559		$	2,542		$	2,456
Basic earnings per share ()	1.37			1.64			2.10			2.16			2.15			1.98			2.00			1.89
Diluted earnings per share ()	1.36			1.63			2.09			2.16			2.14			1.97			1.99			1.88
Net interest margin (%)(1)	2.11			2.18			2.22			2.23			2.16			2.17			2.23			2.26
Effective tax rate (%)(2)	38.4			18.5			18.8			22.9			24.0			21.2			22.5			23.2
Adjusted results(1)
Adjusting items impacting non-interest income and total revenue (Pre-tax)
Net loss on divestitures and wind-down of operations	–		$	361		$	–		$	–		$	–		$	–		$	–		$	–
Adjusting items impacting non-interest expenses (Pre-tax)
Amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets	21			24			24			24			25			25			24			26
Restructuring and other provisions	–			85			–			–			–			188	(3)		–			–
Support costs for the Scene+ loyalty program	–			133			–			–			–			–			–			–
Total non-interest expenses adjustments (Pre-tax)	21			242			24			24			25			213			24			26
Total impact of adjusting items on net income before taxes	21			603			24			24			25			213			24			26
Impact of adjusting items on income tax expense:
Canada recovery dividend	579			–			–			–			–			–			–			–
Impact of other adjusting items on income tax expense	(6	)		(81	)		(7	)		(6	)		(7	)		(56	)		(6	)		(7	)
Total impact of adjusting items on net income	594			522			17			18			18			157			18			19
Adjusted net income	2,366		$	2,615		$	2,611		$	2,765		$	2,758		$	2,716		$	2,560		$	2,475
Adjusted diluted earnings per share ()	1.85			2.06			2.10			2.18			2.15			2.10			2.01			1.90

All values are in US Dollars.

(1)	Refer to page 4 for a discussion of <br>Non-GAAP<br> Measures.
(2)	Refer to Glossary on page 50 for the description of the measure.
---	---
(3)	The Bank recorded restructuring and other provisions of $139 ($188 pre-tax) in the Other operating segment in Q4, 2021. The restructuring charge of $93 ($126 pre-tax) was substantially related to International Banking. The settlement and litigation provisions of $46 ($62 pre-tax) was in connection with the Bank’s former metals business.
---	---

Trending analysis

Earnings over the period were driven by generally higher net interest income from steady loan and deposit growth and prudent expense management, partly offset by a rising trend in provision for credit losses.

Total revenue

Canadian Banking net interest income over the period has increased driven by strong loan and deposit growth. Recent quarters have benefitted from Bank of Canada rate increases. International Banking net interest income has trended upward driven by growth in residential mortgages and commercial loans. Global Wealth Management non-interest income growth over the period has been impacted by adverse market conditions resulting in lower fee-based assets and revenues. Global Banking and Markets revenues are affected by market conditions that impact client activity in the capital markets and corporate and investment banking businesses. Revenues in the Other segment were impacted by higher term funding costs and other treasury activities.

28 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Provision for credit losses

Provision for credit losses trended upward during the period driven by lower reversals of provisions for credit losses on performing loans, a less favourable macroeconomic forecast, portfolio growth and higher impaired loan provisions due to credit migration.

Non-interest expenses

Non-interest expenses reflect the Bank’s ongoing focus on expense management and efficiency initiatives, while continuing to invest in personnel and technology to support business growth. Seasonality, adjusting items and the impact of foreign currency translation have also contributed to fluctuations over the period.

Provision for income taxes

The effective tax rate was 38.4% this quarter due mainly to the impact of the Canada Recovery Dividend. The effective tax rate average was 23.7% over the period and was impacted by divestitures, varying levels of provision for credit losses and net income earned in foreign jurisdictions, as well as the variability of tax-exempt dividend income and inflationary benefits.

Financial Position

T16 Condensed statement of financial position

	As at
(Unaudited) ($ billions)	January 31<br>2023		October 31<br>2022		Change			Volume<br>Change			FX<br>Change
Assets
Cash, deposits with financial institutions and precious metals	$	82.1	$	66.4		23.6	%		24.4	%		(0.8	)%
Trading assets		116.3		113.2		2.8			2.8			–
Securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed		178.7		175.3		1.9			2.1			(0.2	)
Investment securities		111.0		110.0		0.9			0.9			–
Loans		755.2		745.0		1.4			0.8			0.6
Other		131.1		139.5		(6.0	)		(6.1	)		0.1
Total assets	$	1,374.4	$	1,349.4		1.9	%		1.6	%		0.3	%
Liabilities
Deposits	$	949.9	$	916.2		3.7	%		3.6	%		0.1	%
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities lent		132.2		139.0		(4.9	)		(5.0	)		0.1
Other liabilities		207.9		211.0		(1.5	)		(2.6	)		1.1
Subordinated debentures		8.7		8.5		2.9			3.7			(0.8	)
Total liabilities	$	1,298.7	$	1,274.7		1.9	%		1.7	%		0.2	%
Equity
Common equity<br>(1)	$	66.1	$	65.1		1.5	%		0.9	%		0.6	%
Preferred shares and other equity instruments		8.1		8.1		–			–			–
Non-controlling<br> interests in subsidiaries		1.5		1.5		2.6			1.0			1.6
Total equity	$	75.7	$	74.7		1.3			0.8			0.5
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,374.4	$	1,349.4		1.9	%		1.6	%		0.3	%
(1)	Includes net impact of foreign currency translation, primarily change in spot rates on the translation of assets and liabilities from functional currency to Canadian dollar equivalent.
---	---

The Bank’s total assets were $1,374 billion as at January 31, 2023, up $25 billion or 2% from October 31, 2022. Cash and deposits with financial institutions increased $15 billion due primarily to higher balances with central banks. Trading securities increased $3 billion due mainly to higher client activity. Loans increased $10 billion. Residential mortgages increased $4 billion, mainly in Chile and Mexico. Personal loans and credit cards increased $3 billion reflecting increased consumer spending. Business and government loans increased $4 billion, mainly in Chile, Mexico, and Colombia. Securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed increased $3 billion due to higher client demand. Derivative instrument assets decreased by $11 billion due to changes in foreign exchange rates, interest rates and lower activity.

Total liabilities were $1,299 billion as at January 31, 2023, up $24 billion or 2% from October 31, 2022. Total deposits increased $34 billion. Personal deposits of $275 billion increased $9 billion due primarily to growth in the term deposits portfolio in Canada. Business and government deposits grew by $24 billion mainly in Canada. Deposits by financial institutions increased $1 billion. Obligations related to securities sold short increased by $3 billion due mainly to higher client activity. Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities lent decreased by $7 billion. Derivative instrument liabilities decreased $13 billion due to changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and lower hedging activity and client demand.

Total shareholders’ equity was $76 billion, an increase of $1 billion from October 31, 2022. Equity was higher due to current year earnings of $1,772 million and other comprehensive income of $549 million. Partly offsetting these items were dividends paid of $1,329 million.

Risk Management

The Bank’s risk management policies and practices have not substantially changed from those outlined in the Bank’s 2022 Annual Report. For a complete discussion of the risk management policies and practices and additional information on risk factors, refer to the “Risk Management” section in the 2022 Annual Report.

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 29

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Significant developments that took place during this quarter are as follows:

Credit risk

Allowance for credit losses

IFRS 9 Financial Instruments , requires the consideration of past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forward-looking information over the life of the exposure to measure expected credit losses. Furthermore, to assess significant increases in credit risk, IFRS 9 requires that entities assess changes in the risk of a default occurring over the expected life of a financial instrument when determining staging. Consistent with the requirements of IFRS 9, the Bank considers both quantitative and qualitative information in the assessment of a significant increase in risk.

The Bank’s models are calibrated to consider past performance and macroeconomic forward-looking variables as inputs, as further described below. Expert credit judgement may be made in circumstances where, in the Bank’s view, the inputs, assumptions, and/or modelling techniques do not capture all relevant risk factors, including the emergence of economic or political events of the market up to the date of the financial statements. Expert credit judgement continues to be applied in the assessment of underlying credit deterioration and migration of balances to progressive stages.

The Bank has no direct credit exposure to Russia or Ukraine but does have credit exposure to businesses that are impacted either directly or indirectly by higher energy costs or commodity prices, or potential disruption within their supply chains. The Bank monitors both the internal and external indicators for signs of contagion risk and any second or third order risks that may arise from the war in Ukraine above and beyond those captured in the macroeconomic outlook. Such impacts are not significant and are appropriately mitigated.

The Bank has generated a forward-looking base case scenario and three alternate forward-looking scenarios (one optimistic and two pessimistic) as key inputs into the expected credit loss provisioning models. The base case is less favourable this quarter as stronger observed inflation pressures – and the U.S Federal Reserve’s stronger tone – will bring monetary policy rates to higher than previously forecasted levels. The optimistic scenario features somewhat stronger economic activity relative to the base case.

The two pessimistic scenarios were updated this quarter to reflect the potential risk of stagflation and recession and are built around alternative assumptions on the source, duration and impact of stagflation shocks. These pessimistic scenarios are less severe than last quarter as they reflect less uncertainty in regard to the impact of the Russia/Ukraine war, and a portion of the previously assumed risk of strong inflation has materialized and is now captured in the base case.

The updated pessimistic scenarios both feature a protracted period of elevated financial market uncertainty and a further disruption to supply chains, with these being more severe in the very pessimistic scenario. The pessimistic scenario also adds high commodity prices as a source for stagflation shock, while these are simply reacting (negatively) to the weaker global economy in the very pessimistic scenario. Consequently, these scenarios feature much higher inflation compared to the base case scenario. Central banks respond by increasing rates more aggressively in the pessimistic scenarios, pushing rates across the yield curve higher compared to the base case scenario and resulting in a rapid deceleration of growth. In the pessimistic scenario, stagflation is short-lived, while in the very pessimistic scenario, the stagflation shock is stronger and persists for a longer period of time.

The table below shows a comparison of projections for the next 12 months, as at January 31, 2023, and October 31, 2022, of select macroeconomic variables used to calculate the modelled estimate for the allowance for credit losses (see page 64 for all key variables). Further changes in these variables up to the date of the financial statements is incorporated through expert credit judgment:

T17 Select macroeconomic variable projections

				Alternative Scenario -<br>Optimistic				Alternative Scenario -<br>Pessimistic				Alternative Scenario -<br>Very Pessimistic
Next 12 months		As at<br>October 31<br>2022		As at<br>January 31<br>2023		As at<br>October 31<br>2022		As at<br>January 31<br>2023		As at<br>October 31<br>2022		As at<br>January 31<br>2023		As at<br>October 31<br>2022
Canada
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	0.8		1.2		1.7		2.4		-2.2		-4.8		-3.2		-5.9
Consumer price index, y/y %	4.1		4.9		4.3		5.2		6.3		9.3		7.0		12.5
Bank of Canada overnight rate target, average %	4.2		3.8		4.5		4.2		4.8		5.1		5.1		5.1
Unemployment rate, average %	5.8		5.7		5.4		5.1		7.8		9.7		8.6		10.2
US
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	0.6		0.6		1.3		1.3		-2.3		-5.1		-3.2		-6.5
Consumer price index, y/y %	5.0		5.4		5.2		5.8		7.3		10.0		8.1		13.2
Target federal funds rate, average %	4.9		3.5		5.2		4.7		5.6		4.8		5.8		4.8
Unemployment rate, average %	4.2		4.3		4.0		4.2		6.0		7.9		6.7		8.3
Global
WTI oil price, average /bbl	94		89		99		95		108		116		80		125

All values are in US Dollars.

The table below shows a quarterly breakdown of the projections for the above macroeconomic variables, as at January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, under the base case scenario:

Next 12 months
								Average<br><br><br>January 31<br>2023			Calendar Quarters								Average<br>October 31<br>2022
		Q2<br>2023		Q3<br>2023		Q4<br>2023				Q4<br>2022			Q1<br>2023		Q2<br>2023		Q3<br>2023
Canada
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	1.7		0.9		0.2		0.3		0.8			1.9		1.2		0.6		1.0		1.2
Consumer price index, y/y %	5.9		4.2		3.6		2.9		4.1			6.9		5.1		4.0		3.6		4.9
Bank of Canada overnight rate target, %	4.3		4.3		4.3		4.0		4.2			3.8		3.8		3.8		3.8		3.8
Unemployment rate, average %	5.4		5.7		6.0		6.1		5.8			5.4		5.6		5.8		5.9		5.7
U.S.
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	0.8		0.8		0.4		0.4		0.6			0.1		0.6		1.0		0.8		0.6
Consumer price index, y/y %	6.5		5.3		4.5		3.8		5.0			7.2		5.8		4.6		4.0		5.4
Target federal funds rate, upper limit, %	5.0		5.0		5.0		4.8		4.9			3.5		3.5		3.5		3.5		3.5
Unemployment rate, average %	3.9		4.1		4.3		4.5		4.2			3.8		4.1		4.4		4.8		4.3
Global
WTI oil price, average /bbl	93		97		96		90		94			90		89		89		88		89

All values are in US Dollars.

30 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

The total allowance for credit losses as at January 31, 2023 was $5,668 million compared to $5,499 million last quarter. The allowance for credit losses ratio was 72 basis points, an increase of one basis point. The allowance for credit losses on loans was $5,513 million, up $165 million from the prior quarter. The increase was due primarily to the impact of foreign currency translation, as well as the impact of a less favourable macroeconomic outlook on the corporate and commercial portfolios, higher provisions in retail banking, mainly in Chile, and residential mortgage and auto loan portfolios in Canada.

The allowance against performing loans was higher at $3,859 million compared to $3,713 million as at October 31, 2022. The allowance for performing loans ratio was 51 basis points, an increase of one basis point. The increase was due primarily to the impact of a less favourable macroeconomic outlook on the corporate and commercial portfolios and higher provisions in the residential mortgage and auto loan portfolios in Canada.

The allowance on impaired loans increased to $1,654 million from $1,635 million last quarter. The allowance for impaired loans ratio was 21 basis points, unchanged from the prior quarter.

Impaired loans

Gross impaired loans increased to $5,104 million as at January 31, 2023, from $4,786 million last quarter. The increase was due primarily to the impact of foreign currency translation and new formations in retail and Canadian commercial portfolios. The gross impaired loan ratio was 65 basis points as at January 31, 2023, an increase of three basis points from last quarter.

Net impaired loans in Canadian Banking were $667 million as at January 31, 2023, an increase of $165 million from last quarter, due primarily to higher retail and commercial formations. International Banking’s net impaired loans were $2,650 million as at January 31, 2023, an increase of $140 million from last quarter, due primarily to the impact of foreign currency translation and net formations in retail portfolio. In Global Banking and Markets, net impaired loans were $120 million as at January 31, 2023, a decrease of $8 million from last quarter, due primarily to lower formations. In Global Wealth Management, net impaired loans were $13 million as at January 31, 2023, an increase of $2 million from last quarter. Net impaired loans as a percentage of loans and acceptances were 0.44% as at January 31, 2023, an increase of three basis point from 0.41% last quarter.

Overview of loan portfolio

The Bank has a well-diversified portfolio by product, business, and geography. Details of certain portfolios of current focus are highlighted below.

Real estate secured lending

A large portion of the Bank’s lending portfolio is comprised of residential mortgages and consumer loans, which are well diversified by borrower. As at January 31, 2023, these loans amounted to $470 billion or 60% of the Bank’s total loans and acceptances outstanding (October 31, 2022 – $463 billion or 60%). Of these, $376 billion or 80% are real estate secured loans (October 31, 2022 – $371 billion or 80%). The tables below provide more details by portfolios.

Insured and uninsured mortgages and home equity lines of credit (1)

The following table presents amounts of insured and uninsured residential mortgages and home equity lines of credit (HELOCs), by geographic areas.

T18 Insured and uninsured residential mortgages and HELOCs, by geographic areas

	As at January 31, 2023
	Residential mortgages															Home equity lines of credit
	Insured <br>(2)					Uninsured					Total					Insured <br>(2)					Uninsured					Total
($ millions)	Amount		%			Amount		%			Amount		%			Amount		%			Amount		%			Amount		%
Canada:<br>(3)
Atlantic provinces	$	5,140		1.7	%	$	6,560		2.2	%	$	11,700		3.9	%	$	–		–	%	$	1,043		4.7	%	$	1,043		4.7	%
Quebec		8,206		2.6			12,113		4.0			20,319		6.6			–		–			1,091		4.9			1,091		4.9
Ontario		33,881		11.2			133,259		44.1			167,140		55.3			–		–			12,866		58.3			12,866		58.3
Manitoba & Saskatchewan		5,603		1.9			4,706		1.5			10,309		3.4			–		–			634		2.9			634		2.9
Alberta		17,103		5.7			15,487		5.1			32,590		10.8			–		–			2,343		10.6			2,343		10.6
British Columbia & Territories		11,689		3.9			48,560		16.1			60,249		20.0			–		–			4,110		18.6			4,110		18.6
Canada<br>(4)(5)	$	81,622		27.0	%	$	220,685		73.0	%	$	302,307		100	%	$	–		–	%	$	22,087		100	%	$	22,087		100	%
International		–		–			51,220		100			51,220		100			–		–			–		–			–		–
Total	$	81,622		23.1	%	$	271,905		76.9	%	$	353,527		100	%	$	–		–	%	$	22,087		100	%	$	22,087		100	%
	As at October 31, 2022
Canada<br>(4)(5)	$	83,514		27.6	%	$	218,972		72.4	%	$	302,486		100	%	$	–		–	%	$	22,178		100	%	$	22,178		100	%
International		–		–			46,793		100			46,793		100			–		–			–		–			–		–
Total	$	83,514		23.9	%	$	265,765		76.1	%	$	349,279		100	%	$	–		–	%	$	22,178		100	%	$	22,178		100	%
(1)	The measures in this section have been disclosed in this document in accordance with OSFI Guideline – B20 – Residential Mortgage Underwriting Practices and Procedures (January 2018).
---	---
(2)	Default insurance is contractual coverage for the life of eligible facilities whereby the Bank’s exposure to real estate secured lending is protected against potential shortfalls caused by borrower default. This insurance is provided by either government-backed entities or private mortgage insurers.
---	---
(3)	The province represents the location of the property in Canada.
---	---
(4)	Includes multi-residential dwellings (4+ units) of $3,737 (October 31, 2022 – $3,782) of which $2,512 are insured (October 31, 2022 – $2,524).
---	---
(5)	Variable rate mortgages account for 37% (October 31, 2022 – 37%) of the Bank’s total Canadian residential mortgage portfolio.
---	---

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 31

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Amortization period ranges for residential mortgages (1)

The following table presents the distribution of residential mortgages by remaining amortization periods, and by geographic areas.

T19 Distribution of residential mortgages by amortization periods, and by geographic areas

	As at January 31, 2023
	Residential mortgages by amortization period
	Less than<br>20 years			20-24<br><br>years			25-29<br><br>years			30-34<br><br>years			35 years<br>and<br>greater			Total<br>residential<br>mortgages
Canada		30.7	%		39.4	%		28.4	%		1.3	%		0.2	%		100	%
International		61.2	%		17.1	%		18.3	%		3.4	%		0.0	%		100	%
	As at October 31, 2022
Canada		29.2	%		40.5	%		28.5	%		1.6	%		0.2	%		100	%
International		62.8	%		16.9	%		17.5	%		2.8	%		0.0	%		100	%
(1)	The measures in this section have been disclosed in this document in accordance with OSFI Guideline – B20 – Residential Mortgage Underwriting Practices and Procedures (January 2018).
---	---

Loan to value ratios (1)

The Canadian residential mortgage portfolio is 73% uninsured (October 31, 2022 – 72%). The average loan-to-value (LTV) ratio of the uninsured portfolio is 52% (October 31, 2022 – 49%).

The following table presents the weighted average LTV ratio for total newly-originated uninsured residential mortgages and home equity lines of credit, which include mortgages for purchases, refinances with a request for additional funds and transfers from other financial institutions, by geographic areas in the current quarter.

T20 Loan to value ratios

	Uninsured LTV ratios
	For the three months ended January 31, 2023
	Residential<br>mortgages			Home equity lines of<br>credit<br>(2)
	LTV%			LTV%
Canada<br>(3)
Atlantic provinces		60.3	%		63.5	%
Quebec		62.4			67.5
Ontario		62.6			63.6
Manitoba & Saskatchewan		65.7			62.3
Alberta		65.3			67.8
British Columbia & Territories		61.5			63.3
Canada<br>(3)		62.5	%		64.0	%
International		73.2	%		n/a
	For the three months ended October 31, 2022
Canada<br>(3)		62.8	%		63.1	%
International		72.4	%		n/a
(1)	The measures in this section have been disclosed in this document in accordance with OSFI Guideline – B20 – Residential Mortgage Underwriting Practices and Procedures (January 2018).
---	---
(2)	Includes all home equity lines of credit (HELOC). For Scotia Total Equity Plan HELOCs, LTV is calculated based on the sum of residential mortgages and the authorized limit for related HELOCs, divided by the value of the related residential property, and presented on a weighted average basis for newly originated mortgages and HELOCs.
---	---
(3)	The province represents the location of the property in Canada.
---	---

Potential impact on residential mortgages and real estate home equity lines of credit in the event of an economic downturn

As part of its stress testing program, the Bank analyzes the impact of various combinations of home price declines and unemployment increases on the Bank’s residential mortgage portfolios. Those results continue to show that credit losses and impacts on capital ratios are within a level the Bank considers manageable. In addition, the Bank has undertaken extensive all-Bank scenario analyses to assess the impact to the enterprise of different scenarios and is confident that it has the financial resources to withstand even a very negative outlook.

Regional non-retail exposures

The Bank’s exposures outside Canada and the U.S. are diversified by region and product and are sized appropriately relative to the credit worthiness of the counterparties (65% of the exposures are to investment grade counterparties based on a combination of internal and external ratings). The Bank’s exposures are carried at amortized cost or fair value using observable inputs, with negligible amounts valued using models with unobservable inputs (Level 3). There were no significant events in the quarter that have materially impacted the Bank’s exposures.

The Bank has no direct exposure to Russia or Ukraine. While some customers may be negatively impacted by the conflict in the region and by trade restrictions as a result of sanctions, the impact to the Bank, to date, is immaterial and appropriately mitigated.

The Bank’s exposures to sovereigns was $69.5 billion as at January 31, 2023 (October 31, 2022 – $60.5 billion), $13.2 billion to banks (October 31, 2022 – $16.3 billion) and $131.5 billion to corporates (October 31, 2022 – $128.2 billion).

32 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

In addition to exposures detailed in the table below, the Bank had indirect exposures consisting of securities exposures to non-European entities whose parent company is domiciled in Europe of $0.4 billion as at January 31, 2023 (October 31, 2022 – $0.4 billion).

T21 Bank’s regional credit exposures distribution

	As at
	January 31, 2023														October 31,<br>2022
($ millions)	Loans and<br>loan<br>equivalents<br>(1)		Deposits<br>with<br>financial<br>institutions		Securities<br>(2)		SFT and<br>derivatives<br>(3)		Funded<br>total		Undrawn<br>commitments<br>(4)		Total		Total
Latin America<br>(5)	$	94,098	$	10,556	$	28,948	$	2,809	$	136,411	$	10,174	$	146,585	$	130,858
Caribbean and Central America		12,500		3,566		3,971		25		20,062		3,491		23,553		24,186
Europe, excluding U.K.		7,941		1,592		3,277		1,906		14,716		9,030		23,746		24,298
U.K.		8,337		3,040		981		1,964		14,322		6,776		21,098		24,370
Asia		12,457		911		12,791		1,334		27,493		9,600		37,093		37,210
Other<br>(6)		480		3		279		182		944		284		1,228		1,499
Total	$	135,813	$	19,668	$	50,247	$	8,220	$	213,948	$	39,355	$	253,303	$	242,421
(1)	Individual allowances for credit losses are $505. Letters of credit and guarantees are included as funded exposure as they have been issued. Included in loans and loans equivalent are letters of credit and guarantees which total $16,151 as at January 31, 2023 (October 31, 2022 – $15,462).
---	---
(2)	Exposures for securities are calculated taking into account derivative positions where the security is the underlying reference asset and short trading positions, with net short positions in brackets.
---	---
(3)	SFT comprise of securities purchased under resale agreements, obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities lending and borrowing transactions. Gross and net funded exposures represent all net positive positions after taking into account collateral. Collateral held against derivatives was $3,893 and collateral held against SFT was $121,230.
---	---
(4)	Undrawn commitments represent an estimate of the contractual amount that may be drawn upon by the obligor and include commitments to issue letters of credit on behalf of other banks in a syndicated bank lending arrangement.
---	---
(5)	Includes countries in the Pacific Alliance plus Brazil, Uruguay, Venezuela, Ecuador and Argentina.
---	---
(6)	Includes Middle East and Africa.
---	---

Market risk

Value at Risk (VaR) is a key measure of market risk in the Bank’s trading activities. VaR includes both general market risk and debt specific risk components. The Bank also calculates a Stressed VaR measure.

T22 Market Risk Measures

	Average for the three months ended
Risk factor <br>($ millions)	January 31<br>2023			October 31<br>2022
Credit spread plus interest rate	$	13.8		$	12.6
Credit spread		7.5			6.6
Interest rate		13.1			11.3
Equities		3.5			3.6
Foreign exchange		2.1			1.9
Commodities		4.6			3.6
Debt specific		3.8			2.8
Diversification effect		(12.7	)		(10.3	)
Total VaR	$	15.1		$	14.2
Total Stressed VaR	$	45.1		$	28.7

In the first quarter of 2023, the average one-day Total VaR increased to $15.1 million, due primarily to increased interest rate risk.

In Q1 2023, the 2019/2020 COVID period was used to generate the Stressed VaR; resulting in an increase to Stressed VaR to $45.1 million. Last quarter, the Stressed VaR was calculated using the 2008/2009 credit crisis period.

There were no trading loss days this quarter. The quality and accuracy of the VaR models is validated by backtesting, which compares daily actual and theoretical profit and loss with the daily output of the VaR model.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk of loss due to the following: changes in the level, slope and curvature of the yield curve; the volatility of interest rates and changes in customer preferences (e.g. mortgage prepayment rates).

Non-trading interest rate sensitivity

The following table shows the pro-forma

pre-tax impact on the Bank’s net interest income over the next twelve months and economic value of equity of an immediate and sustained 100 basis points increase and decrease in interest rate across major currencies as defined by the Bank. Corresponding with the current interest rate environment, starting in Q3 2022, the net interest income and economic value for a down shock scenario are measured using 100 basis points decline. These calculations are based on models that consider a number of inputs and are on a constant balance sheet and make no assumptions for management actions to mitigate the risk.

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 33

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

T23 Structural interest sensitivity

	As at
	January 31, 2023																					October 31, 2022				January 31, 2022
	Net interest income									Economic value of equity
($ millions)	Canadian<br>dollar			Other<br>currencies			Total			Canadian<br>dollar			Other<br>currencies			Total			Net<br>interest<br><br>income			Economic<br>value of<br>equity				Net<br>interest<br><br>income			Economic<br>value of<br>equity
+100 bps	$	(80	)	$	(224	)	$	(304	)	$	(621	)	$	(1,068	)	$	(1,689	)	$	(340	)	$	(2,021	)	+100 bps	$	245		$	(1,041	)
-100 bps		40			193			233			319			887			1,206			326			1,659		-25 bps		(75	)		177

During the first quarter of 2023, both interest rate sensitivities remained within the Bank’s approved consolidated limits.

The Bank’s Asset/Liability Committee provides strategic direction for the management of structural interest rate risk within the risk appetite framework authorized by the Board of Directors. The asset/liability management strategy is executed by Group Treasury with the objective of protecting and enhancing net interest income within established risk tolerances.

The Bank supplements the immediate rate change impact analysis described above with more sophisticated analyses and tools for actual risk management purposes.

Market risk linkage to Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

Trading assets and liabilities are marked to market daily and included in trading risk measures such as VaR. Derivatives captured under trading risk measures are related to the activities of Global Banking and Markets, while derivatives captured under non-trading risk measures comprise those used in asset/liability management and designated in a hedge relationship. A comparison of Consolidated Statement of Financial Position items which are covered under the trading and non-trading risk measures is provided in the table below.

T24 Market risk linkage to Consolidated Statement of Financial Position of the Bank

As at January 31, 2023	Market risk measure
($ millions)	Consolidated<br>Statement of<br>Financial Position		Trading risk		Non-trading<br><br>risk		Not subject to<br>market risk		Primary risk sensitivity of<br><br>non-trading<br> risk
Precious metals	$	725	$	725	$	–	$	–		n/a
Trading assets		116,346		116,171		175		–		Interest rate, FX
Derivative financial instruments		44,820		33,582		11,238		–		Interest rate, FX, equity
Investment securities		111,004		–		111,004		–		Interest rate, FX, equity
Loans		755,157		–		755,157		–		Interest rate, FX
Assets not subject to market risk<br>(1)		346,386		–		–		346,386		n/a
Total assets	$	1,374,438	$	150,478	$	877,574	$	346,386
Deposits	$	949,887	$	–	$	903,924	$	45,963		Interest rate, FX, equity
Financial instruments designated at fair value through profit or loss		26,583		–		26,583		–		Interest rate, equity
Obligations related to securities sold short		43,439		43,439		–		–		n/a
Derivative financial instruments		52,746		31,971		20,775		–		Interest rate, FX, equity
Trading liabilities<br>(2)		426		426		–		–		n/a
Pension and other benefit liabilities		1,632		–		1,632		–		Interest rate, credit spread, equity
Liabilities not subject to market risk<br>(3)		223,974		–		–		223,974		n/a
Total liabilities	$	1,298,687	$	75,836	$	952,914	$	269,937
(1)	Includes goodwill, intangibles, other assets and securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed.
---	---
(2)	Gold and silver certificates and bullion included in other liabilities.
---	---
(3)	Includes obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities lent and other liabilities.
---	---

34 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

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As at October 31, 2022	Market risk measure
($ millions)	Consolidated<br>Statement of<br>Financial Position		Trading risk		Non-trading<br><br>risk		Not subject to<br>market risk		Primary risk sensitivity of<br><br>non-trading<br> risk
Precious metals	$	543	$	543	$	–	$	–		n/a
Trading assets		113,154		113,117		37		–		Interest rate, FX
Derivative financial instruments		55,699		43,436		12,263		–		Interest rate, FX, equity
Investment securities		110,008		–		110,008		–		Interest rate, FX, equity
Loans		744,987		–		744,987		–		Interest rate, FX
Assets not subject to market risk<br>(1)		325,027		–		–		325,027		n/a
Total assets	$	1,349,418	$	157,096	$	867,295	$	325,027
Deposits	$	916,181	$	–	$	869,219	$	46,962		Interest rate, FX, equity
Financial instruments designated at fair value through profit or loss		22,421		–		22,421		–		Interest rate, equity
Obligations related to securities sold short		40,449		40,449		–		–		n/a
Derivative financial instruments		65,900		40,685		25,215		–		Interest rate, FX, equity
Trading liabilities<br>(2)		372		372		–		–		n/a
Pension and other benefit liabilities		1,557		–		1,557		–		Interest rate, credit spread, equity
Liabilities not subject to market risk<br>(3)		227,789		–		–		227,789		n/a
Total liabilities	$	1,274,669	$	81,506	$	918,412	$	274,751
(1)	Includes goodwill, intangibles, other assets and securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed.
---	---
(2)	Gold and silver certificates and bullion included in other liabilities.
---	---
(3)	Includes obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities lent and other liabilities.
---	---

Liquidity risk

Effective liquidity risk management is essential to maintain the confidence of depositors and counterparties, manage the Bank’s cost of funds and to support core business activities, even under adverse circumstances.

Liquidity risk is managed within a framework of policies and limits that are approved by the Board of Directors, as outlined in Note 18 to the Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements and in Note 35 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Bank’s 2022 Annual Report.

Liquid assets are a key component of this framework. The determination of the appropriate levels for liquid asset portfolios is based on the amount of liquidity the Bank might need to fund expected cash flows in the normal course of business, as well as what might be required in periods of stress to meet cash outflows. Stress events include periods when there are disruptions in the capital markets or events which may impair the Bank’s access to funding markets or liquidity. The Bank uses stress testing to assess the impact of stress events and to assess the amount of liquid assets that would be required in various stress scenarios.

Liquid assets

Liquid assets are a key component of liquidity management and the Bank holds these types of assets in sufficient quantity to meet potential needs.

Liquid assets can be used to generate cash either through sale, repurchase transactions or other transactions where these assets can be used as collateral to generate cash, or by allowing the asset to mature. Liquid assets include unrestricted deposits with central banks, deposits with financial institutions, call and other short-term loans, marketable securities, precious metals and securities received as collateral from securities financing and derivative transactions.

Marketable securities are securities traded in active markets, which can be converted to cash within a timeframe that is in accordance with the Bank’s liquidity management framework. Assets are assessed considering a number of factors, including the expected time it would take to convert them to cash.

Marketable securities included in liquid assets are comprised of securities specifically held as a liquidity buffer or for asset/liability management purposes, trading securities primarily held by Global Banking and Markets, and collateral received from securities financing and derivative transactions.

The Bank maintains large holdings of unencumbered liquid assets to support its operations. These assets generally can be sold or pledged to meet the Bank’s obligations. As at January 31, 2023, unencumbered liquid assets were $287 billion (October 31, 2022 – $260 billion). Securities including National Housing Act (NHA) mortgage-backed securities, comprised 73% of liquid assets (October 31, 2022 – 77%). Other unencumbered liquid assets, comprising cash and deposits with central banks, deposits with financial institutions and precious metals were 27% (October 31, 2022 – 23%). The increase in total unencumbered liquid assets was mainly attributable to an increase in cash and deposits with central banks, foreign and Canadian government securities and NHA mortgage-backed securities, partly offset by a decrease in other liquid securities and deposits with financial institutions.

The carrying values outlined in the liquid asset table are consistent with the carrying values in the Bank’s Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as at January 31, 2023. The liquidity value of the portfolio will vary under different stress events as different assumptions are used for the stress scenarios.

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 35

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

The Bank’s liquid asset pool is summarized in the following table:

T25 Liquid asset pool


		Securities received<br>as collateral from<br>securities financing<br>and derivative<br>transactions		Total liquid<br>assets		Encumbered<br><br>liquid assets				Unencumbered<br><br>liquid assets
( millions)			Pledged as<br>collateral				Other<br>(1)		Available as<br>collateral		Other
Cash and deposits with central banks	74,150	$	–	$	74,150	$	–	$	5,289	$	68,861	$	–
Deposits with financial institutions	7,236		–		7,236		–		94		7,142		–
Precious metals	725		–		725		–		–		725		–
Securities:
Canadian government obligations	51,288		31,106		82,394		37,424		–		44,970		–
Foreign government obligations	100,163		114,406		214,569		100,495		–		114,074		–
Other securities	63,279		96,951		160,230		131,771		–		28,459		–
Loans:
NHA mortgage-backed securities	31,258		–		31,258		8,049		–		23,209		–
Total	328,099	$	242,463	$	570,562	$	277,739	$	5,383	$	287,440	$	–

		Securities received<br>as collateral from<br>securities financing<br>and derivative<br>transactions		Total liquid<br>assets		Encumbered<br><br>liquid assets				Unencumbered<br><br>liquid assets
( millions)			Pledged as<br>collateral				Other<br>(1)		Available as<br>collateral		Other
Cash and deposits with central banks	56,720	$	–	$	56,720	$	–	$	5,254	$	51,466	$	–
Deposits with financial institutions	9,175		–		9,175		–		400		8,775		–
Precious metals	543		–		543		–		–		543		–
Securities:
Canadian government obligations	51,114		29,484		80,598		40,290		–		40,308		–
Foreign government obligations	98,673		108,134		206,807		104,052		–		102,755		–
Other securities	60,783		90,675		151,458		115,995		–		35,463		–
Loans:
NHA mortgage-backed securities	29,409		–		29,409		8,571		–		20,838		–
Total	306,417	$	228,293	$	534,710	$	268,908	$	5,654	$	260,148	$	–

All values are in US Dollars.

(1)	Assets which are restricted from being used to secure funding for legal or other reasons.

A summary of total unencumbered liquid assets held by the parent bank and its branches, and domestic and foreign subsidiaries, is presented below:

T26 Total unencumbered liquid assets held by the parent bank and its branches, and domestic and foreign subsidiaries

	As at
($ millions)	January 31<br>2023		October 31<br>2022
The Bank of Nova Scotia (Parent)	$	216,625	$	184,848
Bank domestic subsidiaries		28,636		26,912
Bank foreign subsidiaries		42,179		48,388
Total	$	287,440	$	260,148

The Bank’s liquidity pool is held across major currencies, mostly comprised of Canadian and U.S. dollar holdings. As shown above, the vast majority (85%) of liquid assets are held by the Bank’s corporate office, branches of the Bank, and Canadian subsidiaries of the Bank. To the extent a liquidity reserve held in a foreign subsidiary of the Bank is required for regulatory purposes, it is assumed to be unavailable to the rest of the Group. Other liquid assets held by a foreign subsidiary are assumed to be available only in limited circumstances. The Bank monitors and ensures compliance in relation to minimum levels of liquidity required and assets held within each entity, and/or jurisdiction.

36 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Encumbered assets

In the course of the Bank’s day-to-day activities, securities and other assets are pledged to secure an obligation, participate in clearing or settlement systems, or operate in a foreign jurisdiction. Securities are also pledged under repurchase agreements. A summary of encumbered and unencumbered assets is presented below:

T27 Asset Encumbrance


		Securities received as<br>collateral from<br>securities financing and<br>derivative transactions			Total assets		Encumbered assets				Unencumbered assets
( millions)			Pledged as<br>collateral					Other<br>(1)		Available as<br>collateral<br>(2)		Other<br>(3)
Cash and deposits with central banks	74,150	$	–		$	74,150	$	–	$	5,289	$	68,861	$	–
Deposits with financial institutions	7,236		–			7,236		–		94		7,142		–
Precious metals	725		–			725		–		–		725		–
Liquid securities:
Canadian government obligations	51,288		31,106			82,394		37,424		–		44,970		–
Foreign government obligations	100,163		114,406			214,569		100,495		–		114,074		–
Other liquid securities	63,279		96,951			160,230		131,771		–		28,459		–
Other securities	3,009		9,116			12,125		4,627		–		–		7,498
Loans classified as liquid assets:
NHA mortgage-backed securities	31,258		–			31,258		8,049		–		23,209		–
Other loans	731,541		–			731,541		3,723		79,569		11,107		637,142
Other financial assets(4)	250,035		(162,536	)		87,499		14,426		–		–		73,073
Non-financial assets	61,754		–			61,754		–		–		–		61,754
Total	1,374,438	$	89,043		$	1,463,481	$	300,515	$	84,952	$	298,547	$	779,467

		Securities received as<br>collateral from<br>securities financing and<br>derivative transactions			Total assets		Encumbered assets				Unencumbered assets
( millions)			Pledged as<br>collateral					Other<br>(1)		Available as<br>collateral<br>(2)		Other<br>(3)
Cash and deposits with central banks	56,720	$	–		$	56,720	$	–	$	5,254	$	51,466	$	–
Deposits with financial institutions	9,175		–			9,175		–		400		8,775		–
Precious metals	543		–			543		–		–		543		–
Liquid securities:
Canadian government obligations	51,114		29,484			80,598		40,290		–		40,308		–
Foreign government obligations	98,673		108,134			206,807		104,052		–		102,755		–
Other liquid securities	60,783		90,675			151,458		115,995		–		35,463		–
Other securities	2,985		11,376			14,361		3,611		–		–		10,750
Loans classified as liquid assets:
NHA mortgage-backed securities	29,409		–			29,409		8,571		–		20,838		–
Other loans	723,389		–			723,389		3,658		77,122		11,657		630,952
Other financial assets(4)	254,935		(160,410	)		94,525		18,450		–		–		76,075
Non-financial assets	61,692		–			61,692		–		–		–		61,692
Total	1,349,418	$	79,259		$	1,428,677	$	294,627	$	82,776	$	271,805	$	779,469

All values are in US Dollars.

(1)	Assets which are restricted from being used to secure funding for legal or other reasons.
(2)	Assets that are readily available in the normal course of business to secure funding or meet collateral needs including central bank borrowing immediately available.
---	---
(3)	Other unencumbered assets are not subject to any restrictions on their use to secure funding or as collateral but the Bank would not consider them to be readily available. These include loans, a portion of which may be used to access central bank facilities outside of the normal course or to raise secured funding through the Bank’s secured funding programs.
---	---
(4)	Securities received as collateral against other financial assets are included within liquid securities and other securities.
---	---

As at January 31, 2023, total encumbered assets of the Bank were $385 billion (October 31, 2022 – $377 billion). Of the remaining $1,078 billion (October 31, 2022 – $1,051 billion) of unencumbered assets, $299 billion (October 31, 2022 – $272 billion) are considered readily available in the normal course of business to secure funding or meet collateral needs as detailed above.

In some over-the-counter derivative contracts, the Bank would be required to post additional collateral or receive less collateral in the event its credit rating was downgraded. The Bank maintains access to sufficient collateral to meet these obligations in the event of a downgrade of its ratings by one or more of the rating agencies. As at January 31, 2023, the potential adverse impact on derivatives collateral that would result from a one-notch or two-notch downgrade of the Bank’s rating below its lowest current rating was $38 million or $346 million, respectively.

Encumbered liquid assets are not considered to be available for liquidity management purposes. Liquid assets which are used to hedge derivative positions in trading books or for hedging purposes are considered to be available for liquidity management provided they meet the criteria discussed in liquid assets above.

Liquidity coverage ratio

The Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) measure is based on a 30-day liquidity stress scenario, with assumptions defined in the Liquidity Adequacy Requirements (LAR) Guideline issued by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI). The LCR is calculated as the ratio of high quality liquid assets (HQLA) to net cash outflows. The Bank is subject to a regulatory minimum LCR of 100%.

HQLA are defined in the LAR Guideline and are grouped into three main categories with varying haircuts applied to arrive at the amount included in the total weighted value in the table that follows.

The total weighted values for net cash outflows for the next 30 days are derived by applying the assumptions specified in the LAR Guideline to specific items, including loans, deposits, maturing debt, derivative transactions and commitments to extend credit.

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 37

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

The following table presents the Bank’s LCR for the quarter ended January 31, 2023, based on the average daily positions in the quarter:

T28 Bank’s average LCR (1)

For the quarter ended January 31, 2023 ( millions)(2)		Total<br><br>weighted<br><br>value<br><br>(Average)<br>(4)
High-quality liquid assets
Total high-quality liquid assets (HQLA)	*	$	230,287
Cash outflows
Retail deposits and deposits from small business customers, of which:	233,556	$	20,853
Stable deposits	89,993		2,904
Less stable deposits	143,563		17,949
Unsecured wholesale funding, of which:	311,286		142,111
Operational deposits (all counterparties) and deposits in networks of cooperative banks	103,592		24,915
Non-operational deposits (all counterparties)	178,100		87,602
Unsecured debt	29,594		29,594
Secured wholesale funding	*		48,594
Additional requirements, of which:	279,914		54,237
Outflows related to derivative exposures and other collateral requirements	46,724		22,737
Outflows related to loss of funding on debt products	6,022		6,022
Credit and liquidity facilities	227,168		25,478
Other contractual funding obligations	5,505		5,424
Other contingent funding obligations(5)	566,334		7,018
Total cash outflows	*	$	278,237
Cash inflows
Secured lending (e.g. reverse repos)	225,582	$	47,007
Inflows from fully performing exposures	34,328		21,567
Other cash inflows	21,493		21,493
Total cash inflows	281,403	$	90,067
		Total<br>adjusted<br>value <br>(6)
Total HQLA	*	$	230,287
Total net cash outflows	*	$	188,170
Liquidity coverage ratio (%)	*		122	%
For the quarter ended October 31, 2022 ( millions)		Total<br>adjusted<br>value<br>(6)
Total HQLA	*	$	213,156
Total net cash outflows	*	$	179,274
Liquidity coverage ratio (%)	*		119	%

All values are in US Dollars.

*	Disclosure is not required under regulatory guideline.
(1)	This measure has been disclosed in this document in accordance with OSFI Guideline – Public Disclosure Requirements for Domestic Systemically Important Banks on Liquidity Coverage Ratio (April 2015).
---	---
(2)	Based on the average of daily positions of the 62 business days in the quarter.
---	---
(3)	Unweighted values represent outstanding balances maturing or callable within the next 30 days.
---	---
(4)	Weighted values represent balances calculated after the application of HQLA haircuts or inflow and outflow rates, as prescribed by the OSFI LAR Guideline.
---	---
(5)	Total unweighted value includes uncommitted credit and liquidity facilities, guarantees and letters of credit, outstanding debt securities with remaining maturity greater than 30 days, and other contractual cash outflows.
---	---
(6)	Total adjusted value represents balances calculated after the application of both haircuts and inflow and outflow rates and any applicable caps.
---	---

HQLA is substantially comprised of Level 1 assets (as defined in the LAR Guideline), such as cash, deposits with central banks available to the Bank in times of stress, and highly rated securities issued or guaranteed by governments, central banks and supranational entities.

The increase in the Bank’s average LCR for the quarter ended January 31, 2023 versus the average of the previous quarter was attributable to growth in deposits and wholesale funding, partly offset by growth in loans and securities. The Bank monitors its significant currency exposures, Canadian and U.S. dollars, in accordance with its liquidity risk management framework and risk appetite.

Net stable funding ratio

The Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR) requires institutions to maintain a stable funding profile in relation to the composition of their assets and off-balance sheet exposures. It is calculated as the ratio of available stable funding (ASF) to required stable funding (RSF), with assumptions defined in the OSFI LAR Guideline. The Bank is subject to a regulatory minimum NSFR of 100%.

ASF is defined as the portion of capital and liabilities expected to be reliable over the time horizons considered by the NSFR. RSF is a function of the liquidity characteristics and residual maturities of the various assets held by the Bank as well as those of its off-balance sheet exposures.

The total weighted values for ASF and RSF included in the table that follows are derived by applying the assumptions specified in the LAR Guideline to balance sheet items, including capital instruments, wholesale funding, deposits, loans and mortgages, securities, derivatives and commitments to extend credit.

38 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

The following table presents the Bank’s NSFR as at January 31, 2023:

T29 Bank’s NSFR (1)

	Unweighted Value by Residual Maturity								Weighted<br>value<br>(3)
As at January 31, 2023<br><br>($ millions)	No maturity<br>(2)		< 6 months		6-12 months		≥<br> 1 year
Available Stable Funding (ASF) Item
Capital:	$	85,450	$	–	$	–	$	–	$	85,450
Regulatory capital		85,450		–		–		–		85,450
Other capital instruments		–		–		–		–		–
Retail deposits and deposits from small business customers:		198,408		64,050		28,878		42,439		306,348
Stable deposits		83,785		17,911		9,393		10,268		115,803
Less stable deposits		114,623		46,139		19,485		32,171		190,545
Wholesale funding:		192,312		334,206		61,991		127,181		314,307
Operational deposits		105,120		5,716		50		8		55,451
Other wholesale funding		87,192		328,490		61,941		127,173		258,856
Liabilities with matching interdependent assets<br>(4)		–		1,854		3,510		17,738		–
Other liabilities:		64,062		95,738						24,015
NSFR derivative liabilities				9,392
All other liabilities and equity not included in the above categories		64,062		60,661		3,340		22,345		24,015
Total ASF									$	730,120
Required Stable Funding (RSF) Item
Total NSFR high-quality liquid assets (HQLA)									$	14,140
Deposits held at other financial institutions for operational purposes	$	570	$	–	$	–	$	256	$	541
Performing loans and securities:		101,620		206,240		52,899		534,917		576,792
Performing loans to financial institutions secured by Level 1 HQLA		66		56,619		386		–		3,303
Performing loans to financial institutions secured by <br>non-Level<br> 1 HQLA and unsecured performing loans to financial institutions		3,001		64,621		12,151		12,944		29,435
Performing loans to <br>non-financial<br> corporate clients, loans to retail and small business customers, and loans to sovereigns, central banks and PSEs, of which:		55,506		70,965		27,536		237,040		292,624
With a risk weight of less than or equal to 35% under the Basel II standardised approach for credit risk		–		514		900		2,129		2,090
Performing residential mortgages, of which:		21,726		12,921		12,182		278,393		226,869
With a risk weight of less than or equal to 35% under the Basel II standardised approach for credit risk		21,726		12,694		12,002		264,562		214,909
Securities that are not in default and do not qualify as HQLA, including exchange-traded equities		21,321		1,114		644		6,540		24,561
Assets with matching interdependent liabilities<br>(4)		–		1,854		3,510		17,738		–
Other assets:		2,693		151,995						58,506
Physical traded commodities, including gold		2,693								2,289
Assets posted as initial margin for derivative contracts and contributions to default funds of CCPs				10,189						8,661
NSFR derivative assets				6,154						–
NSFR derivative liabilities before deduction of variation margin posted				27,389						1,369
All other assets not included in the above categories		–		62,278		–		45,985		46,187
Off-balance<br> sheet items				481,268						18,660
Total RSF									$	668,639
Net Stable Funding Ratio (%)										109	%
As at October 31, 2022 <br>($ millions)	Weighted<br>value<br>(3)
---	---	---	---
Total ASF	$	720,082
Total RSF		649,927
Net stable funding ratio (%)		111	%
(1)	This measure has been disclosed in this document in accordance with OSFI Guideline – Net Stable Funding Ratio Disclosure Requirements (January 2021).
---	---
(2)	Items in the “no maturity” time bucket do not have a stated maturity. These may include, but are not limited to, items such as capital with perpetual maturity, <br>non-maturity<br> deposits, short positions, open maturity positions, <br>non-HQLA<br> equities, and physical traded commodities.
---	---
(3)	Weighted values represent balances calculated after the application of ASF and RSF rates, as prescribed by the OSFI LAR Guideline.
---	---
(4)	Interdependent assets and liabilities are primarily comprised of transactions related to the Canada Mortgage Bond program.
---	---

Available stable funding is primarily provided by the Bank’s large pool of retail, small business and corporate customer deposits; secured and unsecured wholesale funding and capital. Required stable funding primarily originates from the Bank’s loan and mortgage portfolio, securities holdings, off-balance sheet items and other assets.

The decline in the Bank’s NSFR as at January 31, 2023 versus the previous quarter was attributable to higher RSF for loans and securities, partly offset by higher ASF from deposits.

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 39

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Regulatory liquidity developments

OSFI’s changes to the LAR Guideline will be effective April 2023 and primarily comprise of enhancements to the Net Cumulative Cash Flow supervisory tool. Modifications are focused on the introduction of cash outflow factors for undrawn loan commitments and changes to cash inflow and outflow factors for certain loan and deposit products.

Funding

The Bank ensures that its funding sources are well diversified. Funding concentrations are regularly monitored and analyzed by type. The sources of funding are capital, deposits from retail and commercial clients sourced through the Canadian and international branch network, deposits from financial institutions as well as wholesale debt issuances.

Capital and personal deposits are key components of the Bank’s core funding and these amounted to $360 billion as at January 31, 2023 (October 31, 2022 – $350 billion). The increase since October 31, 2022 is due primarily to growth in personal deposits and common equity. A portion of commercial deposits, particularly those of an operating or relationship nature, are also considered part of the Bank’s core funding. Furthermore, core funding is augmented by longer-term wholesale debt issuances (original maturity of 1 year or more) of $217 billion (October 31, 2022 – $204 billion). Longer-term wholesale debt issuances include senior notes, mortgage securitizations, asset-backed securities and covered bonds.

The Bank operates in many different currencies and countries. From a funding perspective, the most significant currencies are Canadian and U.S. dollars. With respect to the Bank’s operations outside Canada, there are different funding strategies depending on the nature of the activities in each country. For those countries where the Bank operates a branch banking subsidiary, the strategy is for the subsidiary to be substantially self-funding in its local market. For other subsidiaries or branches outside Canada where local deposit gathering capability is not sufficient, funding is provided through the wholesale funding activities of the Bank.

From an overall funding perspective, the Bank’s objective is to achieve an appropriate balance between the cost and the stability of funding. Diversification of funding sources is a key element of the funding strategy.

The Bank’s wholesale debt diversification strategy is primarily executed via the Bank’s main wholesale funding centres, located in Toronto, New York, London and Singapore. The majority of these funds are sourced in Canadian and U.S. dollars. Where required, these funds are swapped to fund assets in different currencies. The funding strategy deployed by wholesale funding centres and the management of associated risks, such as geographic and currency risk, are managed centrally within the framework of policies and limits that are approved by the Board of Directors.

In the normal course, the Bank uses a mix of unsecured and secured wholesale funding instruments across a variety of markets. The choice of instruments and markets is based on a number of factors, including relative cost, market capacity and diversification of funding. Market conditions can change over time, impacting cost and capacity in particular markets or instruments. Changing market conditions can include periods of stress where the availability of funding in particular markets or instruments is constrained. In these circumstances, the Bank would increase its focus on sources of funding in functioning markets and secured funding instruments. Should a period of extreme stress exist such that all wholesale funding sources are constrained, the Bank maintains a pool of liquid assets to mitigate its liquidity risk. This pool includes cash, deposits with central banks and securities.

In Canada, the Bank raises short and longer-term wholesale debt through the issuance of senior unsecured notes. Additional longer-term wholesale debt may be generated through the Bank’s Canadian Debt and Equity Shelf, the securitization of Canadian insured residential mortgages through CMHC programs (such as Canada Mortgage Bonds), uninsured residential mortgages through the Bank’s Covered Bond Program, retail credit card receivables through the Trillium Credit Card Trust II program, retail indirect auto loan receivables through the Securitized Term Auto Receivables Trust program and unsecured personal lines of credit receivables through the Halifax Receivables Trust program. CMHC securitization programs, while included in the Bank’s view of wholesale debt issuance, do not entail the run-off risk that can be experienced in funding raised from capital markets.

Outside of Canada, short-term wholesale debt may be raised through the issuance of negotiable certificates of deposit in the United States, Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and Australia and the issuance of commercial paper in the United States. The Bank operates longer-term wholesale debt issuance registered programs in the United States, such as its SEC Registered Debt and Equity Shelf, and non-registered programs, such as the securitization of retail indirect auto loan receivables through the Securitized Term Auto Receivables Trust program and retail credit card receivables through the Trillium Credit Card Trust II program. The Bank may issue its Covered Bond Program (listed with the U.K. Listing Authority and the Swiss Stock Exchange), in Europe, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia and Switzerland. The Bank also raises longer-term funding across a variety of currencies through its Australian Medium Term Note Programme, European Medium Term Note Programme (listed with the U.K. Listing Authority and the Swiss Stock Exchange) and Singapore Medium Term Note Programme (listed with the Singapore Exchange and the Taiwan Exchange).

The Department of Finance’s bail-in regulations under the Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation (CDIC) Act and the Bank Act, became effective September 23, 2018. Senior unsecured debt issued by the Bank on or after September 23, 2018, that has an original term greater than 400 days and is marketable, subject to certain exceptions, is subject to the Canadian Bank Recapitalization (Bail-in) regime. Under the Bail-in regime, in circumstances when the Superintendent of Financial Institutions has determined that a bank may no longer be viable, the Governor in Council may, upon a recommendation of the Minister of Finance that they are of the opinion that it is in the public interest to do so, grant an order directing the CDIC to convert all or a portion of certain shares and liabilities of that bank into common shares. As at January 31, 2023, issued and outstanding liabilities of $74 billion (October 31, 2022 – $73 billion) were subject to conversion under the bail-in regime.

40 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

The table below provides the remaining contractual maturities of funding raised through wholesale funding sources. In the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, these liabilities are primarily included in Business and Government Deposits.

Wholesale funding sources

T30 Wholesale funding (1)

	As at January 31, 2023
($ millions)	Less than<br><br>1 month		1-3<br><br>months		3-6<br><br>months		6-9<br><br>months		9-12<br><br>months		Sub-Total<br><br>≤<br><br><br><br>1 Year		1-2<br><br>years		2-5<br><br>years		>5<br><br>years		Total
Deposit by banks<br>(2)	$	2,486	$	875	$	974	$	386	$	64	$	4,785	$	263	$	–	$	–	$	5,048
Bearer notes, commercial paper and certificate of deposits		10,404		23,809		30,799		18,411		12,564		95,987		1,840		348		51		98,226
Asset-backed commercial paper<br>(3)		1,861		4,254		4,648		–		–		10,763		–		–		–		10,763
Senior notes<br>(4)(5)		4,903		3,671		2,110		5,388		3,231		19,303		3,254		6,445		12,440		41,442
Bail-inable notes<br>(5)		1,323		67		5,634		5,282		596		12,902		18,898		28,577		13,157		73,534
Asset-backed securities		–		–		–		579		2		581		1		633		119		1,334
Covered bonds		–		4,090		–		2,531		1,808		8,429		4,339		31,462		5,442		49,672
Mortgage securitization<br>(6)		–		806		1,048		2,560		953		5,367		3,765		8,892		4,685		22,709
Subordinated debt<br>(7)		–		–		–		–		–		–		47		2,558		8,325		10,930
Total wholesale funding sources	$	20,977	$	37,572	$	45,213	$	35,137	$	19,218	$	158,117	$	32,407	$	78,915	$	44,219	$	313,658
Of Which:
Unsecured funding	$	19,116	$	28,422	$	39,517	$	29,467	$	16,455	$	132,977	$	24,302	$	37,929	$	33,973	$	229,181
Secured funding		1,861		9,150		5,696		5,670		2,763		25,140		8,105		40,986		10,246		84,477
	As at October 31, 2022
($ millions)	Less than<br><br>1 month		1-3<br><br>months		3-6<br><br>months		6-9<br><br>months		9-12<br><br>months		Sub-Total<br><br>≤<br> 1 Year		1-2<br><br>years		2-5<br><br>years		>5<br><br>years		Total
Deposit by banks<br>(2)	$	2,182	$	799	$	319	$	600	$	298	$	4,198	$	128	$	12	$	–	$	4,338
Bearer notes, commercial paper and certificate of deposits		8,739		18,053		29,042		17,568		9,958		83,360		824		416		50		84,650
Asset-backed commercial paper<br>(3)		1,767		5,418		2,337		68		–		9,590		–		–		–		9,590
Senior notes<br>(4)(5)		1,998		1,605		8,335		1,925		5,161		19,024		2,720		6,048		11,003		38,795
Bail-inable notes<br>(5)		1,311		682		1,420		5,500		5,408		14,321		13,678		29,887		14,630		72,516
Asset-backed securities		–		1		–		1		592		594		3		648		103		1,348
Covered bonds		–		859		3,919		–		2,356		7,134		4,375		26,973		7,423		45,905
Mortgage securitization<br>(6)		–		1,721		806		1,048		2,562		6,137		4,069		8,854		4,778		23,838
Subordinated debt<br>(7)		–		–		–		–		–		–		3		2,108		8,566		10,677
Total wholesale funding sources	$	15,997	$	29,138	$	46,178	$	26,710	$	26,335	$	144,358	$	25,800	$	74,946	$	46,553	$	291,657
Of Which:
Unsecured funding	$	14,231	$	21,138	$	39,117	$	25,592	$	20,825	$	120,903	$	17,353	$	38,471	$	34,248	$	210,975
Secured funding		1,766		8,000		7,061		1,118		5,510		23,455		8,447		36,475		12,305		80,682
(1)	Wholesale funding sources exclude obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements and bankers’ acceptances, which are disclosed in the contractual maturities table below. Amounts are based on remaining term to maturity.
---	---
(2)	Only includes commercial bank deposits.
---	---
(3)	Wholesale funding sources also exclude asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) issued by certain ABCP conduits that are not consolidated for financial reporting purposes.
---	---
(4)	Not subject to <br>bail-in.
---	---
(5)	Includes structured notes issued to institutional investors.
---	---
(6)	Represents residential mortgages funded through Canadian Federal Government agency sponsored programs. Funding accessed through such programs does not impact the funding capacity of the Bank in its own name.
---	---
(7)	Although subordinated debentures are a component of regulatory capital, they are included in this table in accordance with EDTF recommended disclosures.
---	---

Wholesale funding generally bears a higher risk of run-off in a stressed environment than other sources of funding. The Bank mitigates this risk through funding diversification, ongoing engagement with investors and by maintaining a large holding of unencumbered liquid assets. Unencumbered liquid assets of $287 billion as at January 31, 2023 (October 31, 2022 – $260 billion) were well in excess of wholesale funding sources which mature in the next twelve months.

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 41

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Contractual maturities

The table below provides the maturity of assets and liabilities as well as the off-balance sheet commitments as at January 31, 2023, based on the contractual maturity date. From a liquidity risk perspective the Bank considers factors other than contractual maturity in the assessment of liquid assets or in determining expected future cash flows. In particular, for securities with a fixed maturity date, the ability and time horizon to raise cash from these securities is more relevant to liquidity management than contractual maturity. For other assets and deposits the Bank uses assumptions about rollover rates to assess liquidity risk for normal course and stress scenarios. Similarly, the Bank uses assumptions to assess the potential drawdown of credit commitments in various scenarios.

T31 Contractual maturities

	As at January 31, 2023
($ millions)	Less<br>than one<br>month		One to<br>three<br>months		Three<br>to six<br>months		Six to<br>nine<br>months		Nine to<br>twelve<br>months		One to<br>two years		Two<br>to five<br>years		Over five<br>years		No<br>specific<br>maturity			Total
Assets
Cash and deposits with financial institutions and precious metals	$	76,182	$	236	$	326	$	126	$	94	$	211	$	395	$	297	$	4,244		$	82,111
Trading assets		2,408		5,533		6,229		2,306		2,358		7,465		16,748		20,836		52,463			116,346
Securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed		138,033		25,347		14,776		440		94		–		–		–		–			178,690
Derivative financial instruments		2,766		3,944		3,002		2,669		2,765		5,706		11,408		12,560		–			44,820
Investment securities – FVOCI		3,719		7,262		5,044		11,062		2,236		9,367		29,493		14,317		2,610			85,110
Investment securities – amortized cost		88		298		1,840		829		983		1,753		5,173		13,231		–			24,195
Investment securities – FVTPL		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		1,699			1,699
Loans		60,343		35,092		43,233		31,617		32,861		106,110		334,913		54,025		56,963			755,157
Residential mortgages		2,427		5,322		14,179		10,777		10,071		47,594		221,220		41,028		909	(1)		353,527
Personal loans		3,940		2,474		3,735		3,488		2,997		13,088		24,628		6,902		39,789			101,041
Credit cards		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		15,494			15,494
Business and government		53,976		27,296		25,319		17,352		19,793		45,428		89,065		6,095		6,284	(2)		290,608
Allowance for credit losses		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		(5,513	)		(5,513	)
Customers’ liabilities under acceptances		17,676		4,016		141		23		16		–		–		–		–			21,872
Other assets		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		64,438			64,438
Total assets	$	301,215	$	81,728	$	74,591	$	49,072	$	41,407	$	130,612	$	398,130	$	115,266	$	182,417		$	1,374,438
Liabilities and equity
Deposits	$	108,983	$	74,099	$	71,349	$	54,652	$	52,515	$	54,050	$	89,442	$	23,089	$	421,708		$	949,887
Personal		15,500		14,843		15,092		12,765		16,015		17,663		14,794		333		167,874			274,879
Non-personal		93,483		59,256		56,257		41,887		36,500		36,387		74,648		22,756		253,834			675,008
Financial instruments designated at fair value through profit or loss		352		418		920		1,238		1,032		6,256		3,054		13,313		–			26,583
Acceptances		17,716		4,016		141		23		16		–		–		–		–			21,912
Obligations related to securities sold short		660		855		2,236		1,835		1,774		3,951		6,082		9,342		16,704			43,439
Derivative financial instruments		3,556		3,691		2,919		2,597		2,765		6,374		13,225		17,619		–			52,746
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities lent		121,729		7,120		3,177		–		180		–		–		–		–			132,206
Subordinated debentures		–		–		–		–		–		–		1,867		6,846		–			8,713
Other liabilities		5,033		2,601		1,328		1,366		977		8,293		5,213		6,617		31,773			63,201
Total equity		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		75,751			75,751
Total liabilities and equity	$	258,029	$	92,800	$	82,070	$	61,711	$	59,259	$	78,924	$	118,883	$	76,826	$	545,936		$	1,374,438
Off-balance<br> sheet commitments
Credit commitments<br>(3)	$	6,023	$	13,126	$	22,256	$	16,369	$	23,232	$	37,327	$	142,238	$	6,962	$	7,023		$	274,556
Financial guarantees<br>(4)		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		47,231			47,231
Outsourcing obligations<br>(5)		18		35		54		54		54		189		45		38		–			487
(1)	Includes primarily impaired mortgages.
---	---
(2)	Includes primarily overdrafts and impaired loans.
---	---
(3)	Includes the undrawn component of committed credit and liquidity facilities.
---	---
(4)	Includes outstanding balances of guarantees, standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit which may expire undrawn.
---	---
(5)	The Bank relies on outsourcing arrangements for certain support and/or business functions, including, but not limited to, computer operations and cheque and bill payment processing.
---	---

42 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

Table of Contents

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

	As at October 31, 2022
($ millions)	Less<br>than one<br>month		One to<br>three<br>months		Three<br>to six<br>months		Six to<br>nine<br>months		Nine to<br>twelve<br>months		One to<br>two years		Two<br>to five<br>years		Over<br>five<br>years		No<br>specific<br>maturity			Total
Assets
Cash and deposits with financial institutions and precious metals	$	57,217	$	481	$	171	$	94	$	89	$	298	$	464	$	390	$	7,234		$	66,438
Trading assets		2,228		5,501		6,338		4,073		2,519		8,652		15,791		19,323		48,729			113,154
Securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed		132,383		28,000		13,781		997		152		–		–		–		–			175,313
Derivative financial instruments		5,227		5,797		4,166		2,749		2,653		7,386		14,538		13,183		–			55,699
Investment securities – FVOCI		3,886		6,929		4,983		3,574		10,347		8,466		29,274		13,809		3,442			84,710
Investment securities – amortized cost		19		746		314		1,945		854		2,113		4,957		12,662		–			23,610
Investment securities – FVTPL		–		–		–		–		–		–		54		8		1,626			1,688
Loans		61,748		39,627		33,765		37,342		32,941		95,758		339,211		49,828		54,767			744,987
Residential mortgages		2,523		5,132		8,614		14,293		10,995		42,088		227,488		37,498		648	(1)		349,279
Personal loans		3,909		2,023		3,287		3,415		3,138		13,008		24,271		6,610		39,770			99,431
Credit cards		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		14,518			14,518
Business and government		55,316		32,472		21,864		19,634		18,808		40,662		87,452		5,720		5,179	(2)		287,107
Allowance for credit losses		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		(5,348	)		(5,348	)
Customers’ liabilities under acceptances		15,418		3,812		191		55		18		–		–		–		–			19,494
Other assets		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		64,325			64,325
Total assets	$	278,126	$	90,893	$	63,709	$	50,829	$	49,573	$	122,673	$	404,289	$	109,203	$	180,123		$	1,349,418
Liabilities and equity
Deposits	$	97,418	$	63,589	$	67,249	$	48,001	$	53,602	$	43,075	$	83,647	$	28,645	$	430,955		$	916,181
Personal		12,910		12,478		14,358		12,931		12,872		13,870		13,361		639		172,473			265,892
Non-personal		84,508		51,111		52,891		35,070		40,730		29,205		70,286		28,006		258,482			650,289
Financial instruments designated at fair value through profit or loss		337		658		727		900		1,189		5,989		2,190		10,431		–			22,421
Acceptances		15,449		3,812		191		55		18		–		–		–		–			19,525
Obligations related to securities sold short		539		1,507		890		1,817		2,404		3,959		5,437		7,426		16,470			40,449
Derivative financial instruments		3,386		4,968		4,876		3,032		3,181		8,721		17,231		20,505		–			65,900
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities lent		128,128		8,596		2,153		72		–		76		–		–		–			139,025
Subordinated debentures		–		–		–		–		–		–		1,943		6,526		–			8,469
Other liabilities		3,914		1,342		2,331		1,713		695		7,526		5,404		7,150		32,624			62,699
Total equity		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		74,749			74,749
Total liabilities and equity	$	249,171	$	84,472	$	78,417	$	55,590	$	61,089	$	69,346	$	115,852	$	80,683	$	554,798		$	1,349,418
Off-balance<br> sheet commitments
Credit commitments<br>(3)	$	8,531	$	9,272	$	19,662	$	23,795	$	20,971	$	35,498	$	126,074	$	23,164	$	–		$	266,967
Financial guarantees<br>(4)		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		41,977			41,977
Outsourcing obligations<br>(5)		18		36		53		53		53		208		61		35		–			517
(1)	Includes primarily impaired mortgages.
---	---
(2)	Includes primarily overdrafts and impaired loans.
---	---
(3)	Includes the undrawn component of committed credit and liquidity facilities.
---	---
(4)	Includes outstanding balances of guarantees, standby letters of credit and commercial letters of credit which may expire undrawn.
---	---
(5)	The Bank relies on outsourcing arrangements for certain support and/or business functions, including, but not limited to, computer operations and cheque and bill payment processing.
---	---

Credit ratings

Credit ratings are one of the factors that impact the Bank’s access to capital markets and the terms on which it can conduct derivatives, hedging transactions and borrow funds. The credit ratings and outlook that the rating agencies assign to the Bank are based on their own views and methodologies.

The Bank continues to have strong credit ratings

and its deposits and legacy senior debt are rated AA by DBRS Morningstar, Aa2 by Moody’s, A+ by Standard and Poor’s (S&P), and AA by Fitch. The Bank’s bail-inable senior debt is rated AA (low) by DBRS Morningstar, A2 by Moody’s, AA- by Fitch and A- by S&P. As of January 31, 2023 all rating agencies have a Stable outlook on the Bank. There were no changes made to the Bank’s credit ratings or outlooks during the quarter.

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Capital Management

We continue to manage our capital in accordance with the capital management framework as described on pages 54 to 67 of the Bank’s 2022 Annual Report. In addition, in December 2022 OSFI announced that the Domestic Stability Buffer (DSB) will increase to 3.0% of total risk-weighted assets, effective February 1, 2023, and has increased the DSB’s range from 0% to 4.0%. OSFI’s minimum regulatory capital ratio requirements, including the domestic systemically important bank (D-SIB) 1.0% surcharge and its Domestic Stability Buffer will increase to: 11.0%, 12.5% and 14.5% for Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1), Tier 1 and Total capital ratios, respectively.

Effective Q2 2023, the Bank’s Leverage and TLAC Leverage ratios will no longer benefit from the temporary exclusion of central bank reserves. The Q1 2023 Leverage ratio included a benefit of approximately 20 basis points from the temporary exclusion of central bank reserves.

Regulatory capital and total loss absorbing capacity ratios

The Bank’s various regulatory capital and total loss absorbing capacity measures consist of the following:

T32 Regulatory capital and total loss absorbing capacity ratios

	As at
($ millions)	January 31<br>2023		October 31<br>2022
Common Equity Tier 1 capital<br>(1)	$	54,138	$	53,081
Tier 1 capital<br>(1)		62,317		61,262
Total regulatory capital<br>(1)		71,867		70,710
Total loss absorbing capacity (TLAC)<br>(2)		131,433		126,565
Risk-weighted assets<br>(1)(3)	$	471,528	$	462,448
Capital ratios (%)<br>(1)<br>:
Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio		11.5		11.5
Tier 1 capital ratio		13.2		13.2
Total capital ratio		15.2		15.3
Total loss absorbing capacity ratio<br>(2)		27.9		27.4
Leverage<br>(4)<br>:
Leverage exposures	$	1,468,559	$	1,445,619
Leverage ratio<br><br>(%)		4.2		4.2
Total loss absorbing capacity leverage ratio (%)<br>(2)		8.9		8.8
(1)	Regulatory capital ratios are determined in accordance with OSFI Guideline – Capital Adequacy Requirements (November 2018).
---	---
(2)	This measure has been disclosed in this document in accordance with OSFI Guideline – Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (September 2018).
---	---
(3)	As at January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, the Bank did not have a regulatory capital floor <br>add-on<br> to risk-weighted assets for CET1, Tier1, Total and TLAC RWA.
---	---
(4)	This measure has been disclosed in this document in accordance with OSFI Guideline – Leverage Requirements (November 2018).
---	---

The Bank’s CET1 capital ratio was 11.5% as at January 31, 2023, unchanged from the prior quarter, as internal capital generation and gains from the revaluation of FVOCI securities were offset by organic growth in risk-weighted assets across all business lines and the impact of the Canada Recovery Dividend (CRD).

The Bank’s Tier 1 capital ratio was 13.2% as at January 31, 2023, approximately in line with the prior quarter, due primarily to the above noted impacts to the CET1 ratio.

The Bank’s Total capital ratio was 15.2% as at January 31, 2023, a decrease of approximately 10 basis points from the prior quarter, mainly due to the above noted impacts to the Tier 1 capital ratio.

The Leverage ratio was 4.2% as at January 31, 2023 and also remained in line with the prior quarter, due primarily to higher Tier 1 capital offset by strong growth in the Bank’s on and off-balance sheet assets.

The TLAC ratio was 27.9% as at January 31, 2023, an increase of approximately 50 basis points from the prior quarter, mainly from higher TLAC instruments partly offset by the above noted impacts to the Total capital ratio.

The TLAC Leverage ratio was 8.9%, an increase of approximately 10 basis points, due primarily to higher TLAC instruments partly offset by the growth in leverage exposures.

As at January 31, 2023, the CET1, Tier 1, Total capital, Leverage, TLAC and TLAC Leverage ratios were well above OSFI’s minimum capital ratios.

Continuity of Common Equity Tier 1 ratio (1)

(1)	This measure has been disclosed in this document in accordance with OSFI Guideline – Capital Adequacy Requirements (November 2018).

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Changes in regulatory capital

The Bank’s Common Equity Tier 1 capital was $54.1 billion, as at January 31, 2023, an increase of approximately $1.0 billion from the prior quarter, due primarily to strong internal capital generation of $982 million (excluding the CRD) and higher net accumulated other comprehensive income of $526 million, mainly from net gains in FVOCI securities and from foreign currency translation, partly offset by the CRD of $579 million.

Risk-weighted assets

CET1 risk-weighted assets (RWA) increased during the quarter by $9.1 billion (or 2.0%) to $471.5 billion, due primarily to organic growth in retail mortgages, personal and business lending and the impacts from foreign currency translation.

Global Systemically Important Bank (G-SIB) Disclosures

In 2013, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), in conjunction with the Financial Stability Board (FSB), issued “Global systemically important banks: updated assessment methodology and the higher loss absorbency requirement” which assesses the systemic importance of banks to the global financial system and wider economy. Banks with Basel III leverage exposures in excess of EUR 200 billion or those classified as a G-SIB in the past year are required to participate in an annual survey.

The G-SIB indicators as defined by the BCBS are intended to reflect the size of banks, their interconnectedness, the amount of financial institution infrastructure they provide, their cross-jurisdictional activity and their complexity. According to the most recent assessment by the FSB communicated in November 2022, the Bank is not considered to be a G-SIB based on October 31, 2021 indicators. However, the Bank is required to disclose the values of its indicators in accordance with the “Global systemically important banks – Public disclosure requirements” as revised by OSFI in 2021. The G-SIB indicators provided below are calculated based on specific instructions issued by the BCBS and may not be directly comparable against other disclosed information.

T33 G-SIB indicators

As at and for the year ended October 31 ( millions)
Category(1)	2022		2021
Cross-jurisdictional activity	$	643,118	$	526,898
		435,855		345,942
Size		1,513,699		1,347,678
Interconnectedness		140,274		126,348
		108,988		88,154
		343,516		304,979
Substitutability/financial institution infrastructure		17,254,651		14,431,274
		371,855		359,478
		87,482		85,121

		2,809,979		2,783,046
		1,554,656		1,576,615
Complexity		7,291,214		5,842,155
		38,359		73,321
		1,750		1,411

All values are in US Dollars.

(1)	As defined by the BCBS publication “Global systemically important banks: updated assessment methodology and the higher loss absorbency requirement” (July 2018).

Changes in G-SIB Indicators

During 2022, intra-financial system liabilities increased primarily due to increased deposits. Payment activity increased primarily due to higher volumes in US and CAD dollars. Level 3 assets increased primarily from equity securities. Notional amounts of over-the-counter derivatives increased primarily in interest rate contracts. Trading, FVTPL, and FVOCI securities decreased primarily due to the indicator’s exclusions of higher volumes of Basel III LCR Level 1 Trading and FVOCI securities. Other year-over-year movements generally reflect changes in business activity or impacts from foreign currency translation.

Normal Course Issuer Bid

The Bank currently does not have an active normal course issuer bid and did not repurchase any common shares during the quarter ended January 31, 2023. The Bank’s previous normal course issuer bid terminated on December 1, 2022. Under this program, the Bank repurchased and cancelled approximately 32.9 million common shares at a volume weighted average price of $87.28 per share for a total amount of $2,873 million. These repurchases were carried out prior to October 31, 2022.

Common dividend

The Board of Directors, at its meeting on February 27, 2023, approved a dividend of $1.03 per share. This quarterly dividend is payable to shareholders of record as of April 4, 2023, on April 26, 2023.

Shareholders of the Bank may elect to have their cash dividends reinvested in common shares of the Bank, in accordance with the Shareholder Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan (the “Plan”). The Bank has determined that, beginning with the dividend declared on February 28, 2023, and to be paid on April 26, 2023, and until further announcement, the Bank will issue the common shares from treasury with a discount of 2% to the average market price (as defined in the Plan). Previously, common shares received by participants under the Plan were shares purchased from the open market at prevailing market prices.

Regulatory capital developments

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision – Finalized Basel III Regulatory Capital Reforms

In December 2017, the Group of Governors and Heads of Supervision (GHOS), the oversight body of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), announced that they have agreed on the remaining Basel III reforms. The previously expected implementation year of 2022 was delayed to 2023.

The final Basel III reforms package includes:

•	a revised standardized approach for credit risk;
•	revisions to the internal ratings-based approach for credit risk;
---	---
•	revisions to the credit valuation adjustment (CVA) framework, including the removal of the internally modelled approach and the introduction of a revised standardized approach;
---	---
•	a revised market risk framework from a Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB);
---	---

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•	a revised standardized approach for operational risk, which will replace the existing standardized approaches and the advanced measurement approach;
•	revisions to the measurement of the leverage ratio and a leverage ratio buffer for global systemically important banks <br>(G-SIBs),<br> which will take the form of a Tier 1 capital buffer set at 50% of a <br>G-SIB’s<br> risk-weighted capital buffer; and
---	---
•	an aggregate output floor, which will ensure that banks’ risk-weighted assets (RWAs) generated by internal models are not lower than 72.5% of RWAs as calculated by the Basel III framework’s standardized approaches.
---	---

Banks will also be required to disclose their RWAs based on these standardized approaches. There is a phase-in period for the 72.5% output floor from 2023 until 2028.

In January 2022, OSFI finalized revisions to its Capital Adequacy Requirements Guideline, Leverage Requirements Guideline, and Pillar 3 Disclosures Guideline for D-SIBs. OSFI’s requirements are substantially aligned with Basel III with some differences, primarily in retail residential real estate and qualifying revolving retail exposures and with respect to an acceleration of the phase-in period of the aggregate output floor to 72.5% by 2026. Implementation timelines are Q2 2023, with exception of CVA and FRTB market risk requirements which are effective Q1 2024.

The Bank will be implementing the Basel III reforms in line with OSFI’s requirements in Q2 2023. The expected benefit on adoption is estimated to be in the range of approximately 20 to 30 basis points.

Financial Instruments

Given the nature of the Bank’s main business activities, financial instruments make up a substantial portion of the balance sheet and are integral to the Bank’s business. There are various measures that reflect the level of risk associated with the Bank’s portfolio of financial instruments. Further discussion of some of these risk measures is included in the Risk Management section. The methods of determining the fair value of financial instruments are detailed on page 166 of the Bank’s 2022 Annual Report.

Management’s judgment on valuation inputs is necessary when observable market data is not available, and in the selection of appropriate valuation models. Uncertainty in these estimates and judgments can affect fair value and financial results recorded. During the quarter, changes in the fair value of financial instruments reflect the current economic environment, industry and market conditions.

Many financial instruments are traded products such as derivatives, and are generally transacted under industry standard International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) master netting agreements with counterparties, which allow for a single net settlement of all transactions covered by that agreement in the event of a default or early termination of the transactions. ISDA agreements are frequently accompanied by an ISDA Credit Support Annex (CSA), the terms of which may vary according to each party’s view of the other party’s creditworthiness. CSAs can require one party to post initial margin at the onset of each transaction. CSAs also allow for variation margin to be called if total uncollateralized mark-to-market exposure exceeds an agreed upon threshold. Such variation margin provisions can be one-way (only one party will ever post collateral) or bi-lateral (either party may post depending upon which party is in-the-money). The CSA will also detail the types of collateral that are acceptable to each party, and the haircuts that will be applied against each collateral type. The terms of the ISDA master netting agreements and CSAs are taken into consideration in the calculation of counterparty credit risk exposure (see also page 84 of the Bank’s 2022 Annual Report).

Total derivative notional amounts were $7,960 billion as at January 31, 2023, compared to $7,597 billion as at October 31, 2022. The quarterly increase was primarily due to an increase in the volume of interest rate and foreign exchange contracts, partly offset by foreign currency translation. The total notional amount of over-the-counter derivatives was $7,510 billion compared to $7,290 billion as at October 31, 2022, of which $5,625 billion was settled through central counterparties as at January 31, 2023 (October 31, 2022 – $5,474 billion). The credit equivalent amount, after taking master netting arrangements into account, was $38.0 billion, compared to $41.0 billion at October 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily attributable to the lower exposure of commodity and foreign exchange contracts partly offset by an increase in equity contracts.

Selected credit instruments

A complete discussion of selected credit instruments which markets regarded as higher risk during the financial crisis was provided on page 71 of the Bank’s 2022 Annual Report. The Bank’s net exposures have remained substantially unchanged from year end.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the normal course of business, the Bank enters into contractual arrangements that are either consolidated or not required to be consolidated in its financial statements, but could have a current or future impact on the Bank’s financial performance or financial condition. These arrangements can be classified into the following categories: structured entities, securitizations and guarantees and other commitments.

No material contractual obligations were entered into this quarter by the Bank with the structured entities that are not in the ordinary course of business. Processes for review and approval of these contractual arrangements are unchanged from last year. For a complete discussion of these types of arrangements, please refer to pages 67 to 70 of the Bank’s 2022 Annual Report.

Structured entities

The Bank sponsors two Canadian multi-seller conduits that are not consolidated. These multi-seller conduits purchase high-quality financial assets and finance these assets through the issuance of highly rated commercial paper. Although the Bank has power over the relevant activities of the conduits, it has limited exposure to variability in returns, which results in the Bank not consolidating the two Canadian conduits.

A significant portion of the conduits’ assets have been structured to receive credit enhancements from the sellers, including overcollateralization protection and cash reserve accounts. Each asset purchased by the conduits is supported by a backstop liquidity facility provided by the Bank in the form of a liquidity asset purchase agreement (LAPA). The primary purpose of the backstop liquidity facility is to provide an alternative source of financing in the event the conduits are unable to access the commercial paper market. Under the terms of the LAPA, in most cases, the Bank is not obliged to purchase defaulted assets.

The Bank’s primary exposure to the Canadian-based conduits is the liquidity support provided, with total liquidity facilities of $7 billion as at January 31, 2023 (October 31, 2022 – $6.4 billion). As at January 31, 2023, total commercial paper outstanding for these conduits was $5.1 billion (October 31, 2022 – $3.8 billion). Funded assets purchased and held by these conduits as at January 31, 2023, as reflected at original cost, were $5.1 billion (October 31, 2022 – $3.8 billion). The fair value of these assets approximates original cost. There has been no significant change in the composition or risk profile of these conduits since October 31, 2022.

Other off-balance sheet arrangements

Guarantees and other indirect commitments increased by 1% from October 31, 2022. The increase is due primarily to securities lending activities and undrawn commitments. Fees from guarantees and loan commitment arrangements recorded as credit fees in non-interest income were $178 million for the three months ended January 31, 2023, compared to $174 million in the previous quarter, and $170 million in the same period last year.

46 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

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Regulatory Developments

The Bank continues to monitor and respond to global regulatory developments relating to a broad spectrum of topics, in order to ensure that control functions and business lines are responsive on a timely basis and business impacts, if any, are minimized. A high-level summary of some of the key regulatory developments that have the potential of impacting the Bank’s operations is included in the Legal and compliance risk section in the Bank’s 2022 Annual Report, as may be updated below.

Regulatory Initiatives Impacting Financial Services in Canada

On September 22, 2021, Bill 64, Quebec’s Act to Modernize Legislative Provisions respecting the Protection of Personal Information received royal assent. The first series of amendments came into force on September 22, 2022, and the second series of amendments come into force on September 22, 2023, with the remainder coming into force in 2024. This law reforms the Quebec Act Respecting the Protection of Personal Information in the Private Sector. It is modeled after the initial versions of the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation, and introduced key changes, including increased enforcement powers for the Commission d’accès à l’information, significant new monetary penalties for non-compliance, risk assessments for data transfers outside Quebec, mandatory breach notification and record keeping, and itemized express consent requirements. The Bank has established a project under which it has engaged business stakeholders and key groups to consider the law’s application.

On July 16, 2022, the Canadian federal government introduced Bill C-27, the Digital Charter Implementation Act 2022. Bill C-27 is designed to modernize, and in certain respects reinforce, Canadian private sector privacy law by enhancing transparency and control over personal information held by businesses, and imposing new, potentially significant fines for non-compliance. Bill C-27 is currently in its second reading in Parliament, and the Bank continues to monitor its progress.

On July 13, 2022, the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) issued Guideline B-13 – Technology and Cyber Risk Management. B-13 applies to all federally regulated financial institutions (FRFIs), which includes the Bank, and establishes expectations with the aim to support FRFIs in developing greater resilience to technology and cyber risks. B-13 is organized into three domains, each of which sets out key components for sound risk management: Governance and Risk Management, Technology Operations and Resilience, and Cyber Security. B-13 will become effective on January 1, 2024. The Bank has completed the gap assessment against this Guideline and is currently working on remediation plans to achieve compliance.

On June 14, 2022, the House of Commons of Canada introduced Bill C-26, the Critical Cyber System Protection Act (CCSP) that will require, among other things, mandatory reporting of cyberattacks against systems of critical importance to Canadian interests. The legislative process regarding Bill C-26 is ongoing. The Bank continues to monitor developments under this Bill.

The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) Position Limit and Swap Reporting Rules

In October 2020, the CFTC approved final position limit rules for twenty-five commodity derivatives and their linked cash-settled futures, options on futures, and economically equivalent swaps. New position limits for futures, options on futures, and for economically equivalent swaps went into effect in January 2022 and January 2023, respectively. The Bank is on track with the implementation of these rules.

On January 31, 2022, the CFTC published No-Action Relief extending the Compliance Dates of the Swap Data Reporting Rule Amendments from May 2022 and May 2023 to December 5, 2022, and December 4, 2023, respectively. Certain swap reporting rule amendments went into effect in December 2022. The Bank is on track with the implementation for December 2023.

The Ontario Securities Commission New Fees

The Ontario Securities Commission (OSC) changed OSC Rule 13-502 to establish new fees for entities that enter into over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives transactions. The changes are effective April 2023. BNS will be subject to new fees which will finance the OSC’s supervision of banks’ OTC derivatives business conduct. The CSA has indicated that new Canada OTC derivative business conduct rules may be published in 2023 and have an effective date one year following the date of publication. The Bank has been involved in discussions within the industry to prepare for these new conduct requirements.

Disclosure of Climate-Related Matters

In 2022, various regulators and standard setting bodies announced draft climate-related disclosure guidelines that are aligned to the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) recommendations.

The Bank participated in the reviewing of these draft guidelines. General advocacy themes included a phased-in approach to full compliance that encourages harmonization across jurisdictions, allows for flexibility in the timing and location of disclosures that are based on materiality, and requires climate-specific safe harbor protections for certain disclosure elements.

Recently, the SEC published its intention to release its final climate risk guideline in April 2023 and the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) signaled that their final climate and sustainability-related disclosure standards are expected to be published in June 2023.

From a Canadian perspective, OSFI’s final climate risk management guideline should be released in Spring 2023 and will align to the ISSB standards. The CSA announced the removal of their initial disclosure deadline and are actively considering the impact of international developments on their proposed climate-related disclosure rule before final publication.

The Bank actively monitors policy and legislative requirements through ongoing dialogue with government, industry, and stakeholders in the countries where it operates.

Interest rate benchmark reform

Major interest rate benchmark reviews have been undertaken globally to either reform or phase out certain interbank offered rates (IBORs), including the Canadian Dollar Offered Rate (CDOR). As an alternative to IBORs, the regulators have recommended markets begin adopting alternative risk-free rates.

As of June 30, 2023, USD LIBOR will cease to be published in its current form. The Bank’s Transition Program continues to focus its efforts on the transition of products referencing USD LIBOR and ensuring the Bank is not building its exposure to USD LIBOR, except as permitted by the regulators.

On May 16, 2022, Refinitiv Benchmark Services (UK) Limited, the administrator of CDOR, announced the cessation of the publication of one-month,

two-month, and three-month CDOR tenors after June 28, 2024, and this was authorized by the Ontario Securities Commission and the Autorité des marchés financiers.

The Canadian Alternative Reference Rate (CARR) committee has published a detailed transition roadmap with milestones to guide market participants on the transition away from CDOR for all product types. The CARR has also confirmed its intention to move forward with the development of a forward-looking Term Canadian Overnight Repo Rate Average (CORRA), which is expected to become available by September 30, 2023. OSFI has also set out its expectations for FRFIs, with transactions linked to CDOR, to transition to new reference rates before the cessation date.

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The Bank’s Transition Program has updated its project plans to align with the CDOR transition roadmap and milestones published by CARR and ensure alignment with OSFI’s expectations for FRFIs. The details regarding the Bank’s Transition Program for the interest rate benchmark reform are available in Note 4 of the 2022 Annual Report.

Canadian Federal Tax Measures

On December 15, 2022, Bill C-32 relating to tax measures announced in the 2022 Federal Budget completed all readings in parliament and received royal assent to become law. These tax measures included the Canada Recovery Dividend (CRD) under which the Bank and certain Canadian banking subsidiaries will pay a one-time 15% tax on “taxable income” in excess of $1 billion, as well as an increase of 1.5% to the federal corporate income tax rate on their taxable income above $100 million. For the CRD, “taxable income” is based on the average taxable income for the 2020 and 2021 taxation years. The CRD is payable in equal amounts over five years.

The impact of these enacted tax measures has been recognized in the Bank’s financial results as at January 31, 2023. The Bank recognized income tax expense of $579 million in the Consolidated Statement of Income for the present value of the total CRD payable of approximately $640 million. The increase in the Canadian statutory tax rate resulted in a benefit of $39 million related to the 2022 taxation year, including the revaluation of the Bank’s deferred tax assets and liabilities. Of this amount, $13 million was recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income and the remainder in Other Comprehensive Income.

Accounting Policies and Controls

Accounting policies and estimates

The condensed interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting , using International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the condensed interim consolidated financial statements are consistent with those used in the Bank’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022, as described in Note 3 of the Bank’s 2022 annual consolidated financial statements.

Future accounting developments

There are no significant updates to the future accounting developments disclosed in Note 5 of the Bank’s audited consolidated financial statements in the 2022 Annual Report.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There have been no changes in the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended January 31, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Bank’s internal control over financial reporting.

Related party transactions

There were no changes to the Bank’s procedures and policies for related party transactions from those outlined in the Bank’s 2022 Annual Report. All transactions with related parties continued to be at market terms and conditions.

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Share Data

T34 Shares and other instruments

January 31, 2023	Amount( millions)	Dividends<br>declared per<br>share<br>(1)		Numberoutstanding(000s)	Conversion<br>feature
Common Shares<br><br><br>(2)		$	1.03			n/a
NVCC Preferred Shares<br>(3)
Preferred shares Series 40<br>(4)		$	0.303125			Series 41
NVCC Additional Tier 1 Securities<br>(3)(6)	Amount( millions)	Distribution<br>(5)		Yield (%)	Number<br>outstanding<br>(000s)
Subordinated Additional Tier 1 Capital Notes	US	US$	18.6347			1,250
Subordinated Additional Tier 1 Capital Notes	US	US$	12.25			1,250
Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 1		$	9.25			1,250
Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 2	US	US$	9.0625			600
Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 3		$	17.5575			1,500
Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 4	US	US$	21.5625			750
NVCC Subordinated Debentures<br>(3)				Amount( millions)	Interest rate<br>(%)
Subordinated debentures due December 2025				US		4.50
Subordinated debentures due January 2029						3.89
Subordinated debentures due July 2029						2.836
Subordinated debentures due May 2032						3.934
Subordinated debentures due December 2032						1.800
Subordinated debentures due May 2037				US		4.588
Other	Amount( millions)	Distribution<br>(5)		Yield (%)	Number<br>outstanding<br>(000s)
Scotiabank Trust Securities – Series <br>2006-1<br> issued by Scotiabank Capital Trust<br>(7)		$	28.25			750
Options					Number<br>outstanding<br>(000s)
Outstanding options granted under the Stock Option Plans to purchase common shares<br>(2)						11,937

All values are in US Dollars.

(1)	Dividends are paid quarterly, if and when declared. Represents dividends announced on February 28, 2023. The Board of Directors, at its meeting on February 27, 2023, approved a dividend payable on April 26, 2023 to shareholders of record as of April 4, 2023.
(2)	As at February 17, 2023, the number of outstanding common shares and options were 1,191,758 thousand and 11,888 thousand, respectively.
---	---
(3)	These securities contain <br>Non-Viability<br> Contingent Capital (NVCC) provisions necessary to qualify as regulatory capital under Basel III. Refer to Notes 21 and 24 of the consolidated financial statements in the Bank’s 2022 Annual Report for further details. The maximum number of common shares issuable on conversion of NVCC subordinated debentures, NVCC Subordinated additional Tier 1 capital notes, including those issued to Scotiabank LRCN Trust as recourse assets in respect of NVCC Limited Recourse Capital Notes, and NVCC Preferred Shares as at January 31, 2023 would be 4,627 million common shares based on the floor price and excluding the impact of any accrued and unpaid interest and any declared but unpaid dividends.
---	---
(4)	These preferred shares are entitled to <br>non-cumulative<br> preferential cash dividends payable quarterly. These preferred shares have conversion features. Refer to Note 24 of the Consolidated Financial Statements in the Bank’s 2022 Annual Report for further details.
---	---
(5)	Distributions per face amount of $1,000 or US$1,000 semi-annually or quarterly, as applicable.
---	---
(6)	Quarterly distributions are recorded in each fiscal quarter, if and when paid.
---	---
(7)	These securities have exchange features. Refer to Table 29 in the Bank’s 2022 Annual Report for further details.
---	---

For further details on outstanding securities of the Bank, including convertibility features, refer to Notes 21, 24 and 26 of the Bank’s consolidated financial statements in the 2022 Annual Report.

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 49

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Glossary

Allowance for Credit Losses: An allowance set aside which, in management’s opinion, is adequate to absorb credit-related losses on all financial assets and off-balance sheet exposures subject to impairment assessment. It includes allowances for performing financial assets and impaired financial assets.

Allowance for Credit Losses Ratio: The ratio of period end total allowance for credit losses (excluding debt securities and deposits with financial institutions) divided by gross loans and acceptances.

Allowance for Impaired Loans Ratio: The ratio of period end impaired allowance for credit losses (excluding debt securities and deposits with financial institutions) divided by gross loans and acceptances.

Allowance for Performing Loans Ratio: The ratio of period end performing allowance for credit losses (excluding debt securities and deposits with financial institutions) divided by gross loans and acceptances.

Allowance against Impaired Loans as a % of Gross Impaired Loans: The ratio of allowance against impaired loans to gross impaired loans.

Assets Under Administration (AUA): Assets administered by the Bank which are beneficially owned by clients and therefore not reported on the Bank’s Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Services provided for AUA are of an administrative nature, such as trusteeship, custodial, safekeeping, income collection and distribution, securities trade settlements, customer reporting, and other similar services.

Assets Under Management (AUM): Assets managed by the Bank on a discretionary basis and in respect of which the Bank earns investment management fees. AUM are beneficially owned by clients and are therefore not reported on the Bank’s Consolidated Statement of Financial Position. Some AUM are also administered assets and are therefore included in assets under administration.

Bankers’ Acceptances (BAs): Negotiable, short-term debt securities, guaranteed for a fee by the issuer’s bank.

Basis Point: A unit of measure defined as one-hundredth of one per cent.

Book Value per Common Share: Common shareholders equity divided by the number of outstanding common shares at the end of the period.

Common Equity Tier 1 (CET1), Tier 1 and Total Capital Ratios: Under Basel III, there are three primary regulatory capital ratios used to assess capital adequacy, CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratios, which are determined by dividing those capital components by their respective risk-weighted assets.

CET1 consists primarily of common shareholders’ equity net of regulatory adjustments. These regulatory adjustments include goodwill, intangible assets net of deferred tax liabilities, deferred tax assets that rely on future profitability, defined-benefit pension fund net assets, shortfall of credit provision to expected losses and significant investments in common equity of other financial institutions.

Tier 1 includes CET1 and additional Tier 1 capital which consists primarily of qualifying non-cumulative preferred shares, non-cumulative subordinated additional Tier 1 capital notes and limited recourse capital notes. Tier 2 capital consists mainly of qualifying subordinated debentures and the eligible allowances for credit losses.

Total capital is comprised of CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital.

Covered Bonds: Debt obligations of the Bank for which the payment of all amounts of interest and principal are unconditionally and irrevocably guaranteed by a limited partnership and secured by a pledge of the covered bond portfolio. The assets in the covered bond portfolio held by the limited partnership consist of first lien Canadian uninsured residential mortgages or first lien Canadian residential mortgages insured under CMHC Mortgage Insurance, respectively, and their related security interest.

Derivative Products: Financial contracts whose value is derived from an underlying price, interest rate, exchange rate or price index. Forwards, options and swaps are all derivative instruments.

Dividend Yield: Dividends per common share divided by the average of the high and low share price in the relevant period.

Effective Tax Rate: The effective tax rate is the overall tax rate paid by the Bank on its earned income. The effective tax rate is calculated by dividing the Bank’s income tax expenses by the income before taxes.

Fair Value: The price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants in the principal, or in its absence, the most advantageous market to which the Bank has access at the measurement date.

Foreign Exchange Contracts: Commitments to buy or sell a specified amount of foreign currency on a set date and at a predetermined rate of exchange.

Forward Rate Agreement (FRA): A contract between two parties, whereby a designated interest rate, applied to a notional principal amount, is locked in for a specified period of time. The difference between the contracted rate and prevailing market rate is paid in cash on the settlement date. These agreements are used to protect against, or take advantage of, future interest rate movements.

Futures: Commitments to buy or sell designated amounts of commodities, securities or currencies on a specified date at a predetermined price. Futures are traded on recognized exchanges. Gains and losses on these contracts are settled daily, based on closing market prices.

Gross Impaired Loans as a % of Loans and Acceptances: The ratio of gross impaired loans, debt investments and off-balance sheet exposures expressed as a percentage of loans and acceptances.

Hedging: Protecting against price, interest rate or foreign exchange exposures by taking positions that are expected to react to market conditions in an offsetting manner.

Impaired Loans: Loans on which the Bank no longer has reasonable assurance as to the timely collection of interest and principal, or where a contractual payment is past due for a prescribed period or the customer is declared to be bankrupt.

Leverage Ratio: The ratio of Basel III Tier 1 capital to a leverage exposure measure which includes on-balance sheet assets and off-balance sheet commitments, derivatives and securities financing transactions, as defined within the OSFI Leverage Requirements Guideline.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR): The ratio of high quality liquid assets to stressed net cash outflows over a 30 calendar day time horizon, as defined within the OSFI Liquidity Adequacy Requirements Guideline.

Marked-To-Market: The valuation of certain financial instruments at fair value as of the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position date.

Market Value to Book Value Multiple: This financial valuation metric is calculated by dividing the current closing share price of the period by the book value per common share.

Net Impaired Loans as a % of Loans and Acceptances: The ratio of net impaired loans, debt investments and off-balance sheet exposures expressed as a percentage of loans and acceptances.

Net Interest Margin: Net interest margin is calculated as core net interest income for the business line divided by average core earning assets.

Net Stable Funding Ratio (NSFR): The ratio of available stable funding to required stable funding, as defined within the OSFI Liquidity Adequacy Requirements Guideline.

Net Write-offs as a % of Average Net Loans and Acceptances: The ratio of net write-offs expressed as a percentage of average net loans and acceptances.

Notional Principal Amounts: The contract or principal amounts used to determine payments for certain off-balance sheet instruments and derivatives, such as FRAs, interest rate swaps and cross-currency swaps. The amounts are termed “notional” because they are not usually exchanged themselves, serving only as the basis for calculating amounts that do change hands.

Off-Balance Sheet Instruments: These are indirect credit commitments, including undrawn commitments to extend credit and derivative instruments, which are not recorded on the Bank’s balance sheet under IFRS.

Operating Leverage: This financial metric measures the rate of growth in total revenue less the rate of growth in non-interest expenses.

Options: Contracts between buyer and seller giving the buyer of the option the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call) or sell (put) a specified commodity, financial instrument or currency at a set price or rate on or before a specified future date.

OSFI: The Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada, the regulator of Canadian banks.

Pacific Alliance: Comprises the countries of Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru.

Price to Earnings Multiple (Trailing 4 Quarters): Closing share price at period end divided by cumulative basic earnings per common share (EPS) of the past 4 quarters.

Productivity Ratio: Management uses the productivity ratio as a measure of the Bank’s efficiency. This ratio represents non-interest expenses as a percentage of total revenue.

Provision for Credit Losses (PCL) as a % of Average Net Loans and Acceptances: The ratio of PCL on loans, acceptances and off-balance sheet exposures expressed as a percentage of average net loans and acceptances.

Provision for Credit Losses (PCL) on Impaired Loans as a % of Average Net Loans and Acceptances: PCL on impaired loans ratio under IFRS 9 is calculated using PCL on impaired loans, acceptances and off-balance sheet exposures as a percentage of average net loans and acceptances.

Repos: Repos is short for “obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements” – a short-term transaction where the Bank sells assets, normally government bonds, to a client and simultaneously agrees to repurchase them on a specified date and at a specified price. It is a form of short-term funding.

Return on Assets (ROA): Net income expressed as a percentage of total average assets.

Return on Equity (ROE): Net income attributable to common shareholders, expressed as a percentage of average common shareholders’ equity. The Bank attributes capital to its business lines on a basis that approximates 10.5% of Basel III common equity capital requirements which includes credit, market and operational risks and leverage inherent in each business segment. Return on equity for the business segments is calculated as a ratio of net income attributable to common shareholders of the business segment and the capital attributed.

Return on Tangible Common Equity (ROTCE): Return on Tangible Common Equity is calculated by dividing the net income attributable to common shareholders, adjusted for the amortization of intangibles (excluding software), by average tangible common equity. Tangible common equity is defined as common shareholders’ equity adjusted for goodwill and acquisition-related intangible assets (excluding software), net of deferred taxes.

Reverse Repos: Reverse repos is short for “securities purchased under resale agreements” – a short-term transaction where the Bank purchases assets, normally government bonds, from a client and simultaneously agrees to resell them on a specified date and at a specified price. It is a form of short-term collateralized lending.

Risk-Weighted Assets: Comprised of three broad categories including credit risk, market risk and operational risk, which are computed under the Basel III Framework in accordance with OSFI Guideline – Capital Adequacy Requirements (November 2018). Risk-weighted assets for credit risk are calculated using modelled parameters, formulas and risk-weight requirements as specified by the Basel III Framework. In addition, the Bank uses both internal models and standardized approaches to calculate market risk capital and standardized approaches for operational risk capital which are converted to risk-weighted assets.

Securitization: The process by which financial assets (typically loans) are transferred to a trust, which normally issues a series of different classes of asset-backed securities to investors to fund the purchase of loans.

Structured Entities: A structured entity is defined as an entity created to accomplish a narrow and well-defined objective. A structured entity may take the form of a corporation, trust, partnership or unincorporated entity. Structured entities are often created with legal arrangements that impose strict and sometimes permanent limits on the decision-making powers of their governing board, trustee or management over the operations of the entity.

Standby Letters of Credit and Letters of Guarantee: Written undertakings by the Bank, at the request of the customer, to provide assurance of payment to a third-party regarding the customer’s obligations and liabilities to that third-party.

Structured Credit Instruments: A wide range of financial products which includes Collateralized Debt Obligations, Collateralized Loan Obligations, Structured Investment Vehicles, and Asset-Backed Securities. These instruments represent investments in pools of credit-related assets, whose values are primarily dependent on the performance of the underlying pools.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Swaps: Interest rate swaps are agreements to exchange streams of interest payments, typically one at a floating rate, the other at a fixed rate, over a specified period of time, based on notional principal amounts. Cross-currency swaps are agreements to exchange payments in different currencies over predetermined periods of time.

Taxable Equivalent Basis (TEB): The Bank analyzes net interest income, non-interest income, and total revenue on a taxable equivalent basis (TEB). This methodology grosses up tax-exempt income earned on certain securities reported in either net interest income or non-interest income to an equivalent before tax basis. A corresponding increase is made to the provision for income taxes; hence, there is no impact on net income. Management believes that this basis for measurement provides a uniform comparability of net interest income and non-interest income arising from both taxable and non-taxable sources and facilitates a consistent basis of measurement. While other banks also use TEB, their methodology may not be comparable to the Bank’s methodology. For purposes of segmented reporting, a segment’s revenue and provision for income taxes are grossed up by the taxable equivalent amount. The elimination of the TEB gross up is recorded in the Other segment.

Total Annual Shareholder Return (TSR): Total annual shareholder return is calculated as the overall appreciation in share price, plus any dividends paid during the year; this sum is then divided by the share price at the beginning of the year to arrive at the TSR. Total annual shareholder return assumes reinvestment of quarterly dividends.

Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (TLAC): The aggregate of NVCC Tier 1 capital, NVCC Tier 2 capital, and other TLAC instruments that are subject to conversion in whole or in part into common shares under the CDIC Act and meet all of the eligibility criteria under the OSFI guideline – Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (September 2018).

Other TLAC Instruments include prescribed shares and liabilities that are subject to conversion into common shares pursuant to the CDIC Act and which meet all of the eligibility criteria set out in the Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (TLAC) Guidelines.

Value At Risk (VaR): An estimate of the potential loss that might result from holding a position for a specified period of time, with a given level of statistical confidence.

Yield Curve: A graph showing the term structure of interest rates, plotting the yields of similar quality bonds by term to maturity.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION & ANALYSIS

Basel III Glossary

Credit Risk Parameters

Exposure at Default (EAD): Generally represents the expected gross exposure – outstanding amount for on-balance sheet exposure and loan equivalent amount for off-balance sheet exposure at default.

Probability of Default (PD): Measures the likelihood that a borrower will default within a one-year time horizon, expressed as a percentage.

Loss Given Default (LGD): Measures the severity of loss on a facility in the event of a borrower’s default, expressed as a percentage of exposure at default.

Exposure Types

Non-retail

Corporate: Defined as a debt obligation of a corporation, partnership, or proprietorship.

Bank: Defined as a debt obligation of a bank or bank equivalent (including certain public sector entities (PSEs) treated as bank equivalent exposures).

Sovereign: Defined as a debt obligation of a sovereign, central bank, certain multi development banks and certain PSEs treated as sovereign.

Securitization:

On-balance sheet investments in asset-backed securities, mortgage-backed securities, collateralized loan obligations and collateralized debt obligations, off-balance sheet liquidity lines to the Bank’s own sponsored and third-party conduits and credit enhancements.

Retail

Residential Mortgage: Loans to individuals against residential property (four units or less).

Secured Lines Of Credit: Revolving personal lines of credit secured by residential real estate.

Qualifying Revolving Retail Exposures: Credit cards and unsecured lines of credit for individuals.

Other Retail: All other personal loans.

Exposure Sub-types

Drawn: Outstanding amounts for loans, leases, acceptances, deposits with banks and FVOCI debt securities.

Undrawn: Unutilized portion of authorized committed credit lines.

Other Exposures

Repo-Style Transactions: Reverse repurchase agreements (reverse repos) and repurchase agreements (repos), securities lending and borrowing.

OTC Derivatives:

Over-the-counter derivatives contracts refers to financial instruments which are traded through a dealer network rather than through an exchange.

Other Off-balance Sheet: Direct credit substitutes, such as standby letters of credit and guarantees, trade letters of credit, and performance letters of credit and guarantees.

Exchange-Traded Derivative Contracts: Exchange-traded derivative contracts are derivative contracts (e.g., futures contracts and options) that are transacted on an organized futures exchange. These include futures contracts (both long and short positions), purchased options and written options.

Qualifying Central Counterparty (QCCP): A licensed central counterparty is considered “qualifying” when it is compliant with the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) standards and is able to assist clearing member banks in properly capitalizing for CCP exposures.

Asset Value Correlation Multiplier (AVC): Basel III has increased the risk-weights on exposures to certain Financial Institutions (FIs) relative to the non-financial corporate sector by introducing an AVC. The correlation factor in the risk-weight formula is multiplied by this AVC factor of 1.25 for all exposures to regulated FIs whose total assets are greater than or equal to US $100 billion and all exposures to unregulated FIs.

Specific Wrong-Way Risk (WWR): Specific Wrong-Way Risk arises when the exposure to a particular counterparty is positively correlated with the probability of default of the counterparty due to the nature of the transactions with the counterparty.

Basel II Regulatory Capital Floor: Since the introduction of Basel II in 2008, OSFI has prescribed a minimum regulatory capital floor for institutions that use the advanced internal ratings-based approach for credit risk. Effective Q2 2018, the Basel II capital floor add-on is determined by comparing a capital requirement calculated by reference to the Basel II standardized approach for credit risk. Revised Basel II capital floor requirements also include risk-weighted assets for market risk and CVA. A shortfall in the Basel III capital requirement as compared with the Basel II floor is added to RWA.

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CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)<br><br>TABLE OF CONTENTS
55	Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
---	---	---
60	Notes to the Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements
	60	Note 1 - Reporting entity
	60	Note 2 - Basis of preparation
	60	Note 3 - Significant accounting policies
	60	Note 4 - Future accounting developments
	61	Note 5 - Cash and deposits with financial institutions
	61	Note 6 - Investment securities
	62	Note 7 - Loans, impaired loans and allowance for credit losses
	69	Note 8 - Derecognition of financial assets
70	Note 9 - Investments in associates
---	---
71	Note 10 - Deposits
71	Note 11 - Capital and financing transactions
72	Note 12 - Capital management
72	Note 13 - Share-based payments
72	Note 14 - Employee benefits
72	Note 15 - Operating segments
74	Note 16 - Interest income and expense
74	Note 17 - Earnings per share
75	Note 18 - Financial instruments
80	Note 19 - Corporate income taxes

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CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

		As at
(Unaudited) ($ millions)	Note	January 31<br> 2023			October 31<br> 2022
Assets
Cash and deposits with financial institutions	5	$	81,386		$	65,895
Precious metals			725			543
Trading assets
Securities			106,735			103,547
Loans			7,642			7,811
Other			1,969			1,796
			116,346			113,154
Securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed			178,690			175,313
Derivative financial instruments			44,820			55,699
Investment securities	6		111,004			110,008
Loans
Residential mortgages	7		353,527			349,279
Personal loans	7		101,041			99,431
Credit cards	7		15,494			14,518
Business and government	7		290,608			287,107
			760,670			750,335
Allowance for credit losses	7(c)		5,513			5,348
			755,157			744,987
Other
Customers’ liability under acceptances, net of allowance			21,872			19,494
Property and equipment			5,699			5,700
Investments in associates	9		2,684			2,633
Goodwill and other intangible assets			17,170			16,833
Deferred tax assets			2,508			1,903
Other assets			36,377			37,256
			86,310			83,819
Total assets		$	1,374,438		$	1,349,418
Liabilities
Deposits
Personal	10	$	274,879		$	265,892
Business and government	10		621,740			597,617
Financial institutions	10		53,268			52,672
			949,887			916,181
Financial instruments designated at fair value through profit or loss	18(b)		26,583			22,421
Other
Acceptances			21,912			19,525
Obligations related to securities sold short			43,439			40,449
Derivative financial instruments			52,746			65,900
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities lent			132,206			139,025
Subordinated debentures	11		8,713			8,469
Other liabilities			63,201			62,699
			322,217			336,067
Total liabilities			1,298,687			1,274,669
Equity
Common equity
Common shares	11		18,732			18,707
Retained earnings			54,165			53,761
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			(6,640	)		(7,166	)
Other reserves			(145	)		(152	)
Total common equity			66,112			65,150
Preferred shares and other equity instruments			8,075			8,075
Total equity attributable to equity holders of the Bank			74,187			73,225
Non-controlling interests in subsidiaries			1,564			1,524
Total equity			75,751			74,749
Total liabilities and equity		$	1,374,438		$	1,349,418

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements.

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CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Consolidated Statement of Income

		For the three months ended
(Unaudited) ($ millions)	Note	January 31<br> 2023			October 31<br> 2022			January 31<br> 2022
Revenue
Interest income<br>(1)
Loans		$	10,619		$	9,271		$	5,994
Securities			1,458			1,217			358
Securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed			336			209			47
Deposits with financial institutions			743			421			64
	16		13,156			11,118			6,463
Interest expense
Deposits			7,834			5,722			1,573
Subordinated debentures			105			93			45
Other			648			681			501
	16		8,587			6,496			2,119
Net interest income			4,569			4,622			4,344
Non-interest income
Card revenues			201			195			190
Banking services fees			469			456			437
Credit fees			466			451			401
Mutual funds			532			528			628
Brokerage fees			279			264			298
Investment management and trust			253			242			256
Underwriting and advisory fees			102			136			172
Non-trading foreign exchange			232			228			225
Trading revenues			634			418			609
Net gain on sale of investment securities			44			71			2
Net income from investments in associated corporations			16			49			91
Insurance underwriting income, net of claims			112			114			101
Other fees and commissions			186			206			156
Other			(115	)		(354	)		139
			3,411			3,004			3,705
Total revenue			7,980			7,626			8,049
Provision for credit losses			638			529			222
			7,342			7,097			7,827
Non-interest expenses
Salaries and employee benefits			2,340			2,187			2,280
Premises and technology			640			636			586
Depreciation and amortization			406			394			375
Communications			94			90			90
Advertising and business development			136			140			109
Professional			175			239			192
Business and capital taxes			161			134			140
Other			512			709			451
			4,464			4,529			4,223
Income before taxes			2,878			2,568			3,604
Income tax expense	19		1,106			475			864
Net income		$	1,772		$	2,093		$	2,740
Net income attributable to non-controlling interests in subsidiaries			40			38			88
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank		$	1,732		$	2,055		$	2,652
Preferred shareholders and other equity instrument holders			101			106			44
Common shareholders		$	1,631		$	1,949		$	2,608
Earnings per common share<br><br>(in dollars)
Basic	17	$	1.37		$	1.64		$	2.15
Diluted	17		1.36			1.63			2.14
Dividends paid per common share <br>(in dollars)			1.03			1.03			1.00
(1)	Includes interest income on financial assets measured at amortized cost and FVOCI, calculated using the effective interest method, of $12,710 for the quarter ended January 31, 2023 (October<br><br><br>31, 2022 – $<br>10,703; January 31, 2022 – $6,331).
---	---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements.

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CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

	For the three months ended
(Unaudited) ($ millions)	January 31<br>2023			October 31<br>2022			January 31<br>2022
Net income	$	1,772		$	2,093		$	2,740
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Items that will be reclassified subsequently to net income
Net change in unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses):
Net unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses)		543			3,106			1,500
Net gains (losses) on hedges of net investments in foreign operations		16			(1,140	)		(559	)
Income tax expense (benefit):
Net unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses)		8			27			12
Net gains (losses) on hedges of net investments in foreign operations		(6	)		(299	)		(147	)
		557			2,238			1,076
Net change in fair value due to change in debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income:
Net gains (losses) in fair value		1,234			(2,460	)		(321	)
Reclassification of net (gains) losses to net income		(791	)		1,767			117
Income tax expense (benefit):
Net gains (losses) in fair value		288			(619	)		(80	)
Reclassification of net (gains) losses to net income		(178	)		458			35
		333			(532	)		(159	)
Net change in gains (losses) on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges:
Net gains (losses) on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges		3,476			(1,669	)		(976	)
Reclassification of net (gains) losses to net income		(2,756	)		(937	)		669
Income tax expense (benefit):
Net gains (losses) on derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges		983			(444	)		(251	)
Reclassification of net (gains) losses to net income		(798	)		(233	)		171
		535			(1,929	)		(227	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) from investments in associates		(13	)		(382	)		4
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to net income
Net change in remeasurement of employee benefit plan asset and liability:
Actuarial gains (losses) on employee benefit plans		(219	)		(17	)		148
Income tax expense (benefit)		(69	)		(1	)		69
		(150	)		(16	)		79
Net change in fair value due to change in equity instruments designated at fair value through other comprehensive<br>income:
Net gains (losses) in fair value		101			(160	)		194
Income tax expense (benefit)		10			(46	)		68
		91			(114	)		126
Net change in fair value due to change in own credit risk on financial liabilities designated under the fair value option:
Change in fair value due to change in own credit risk on financial liabilities designated under the fair value option		(1,090	)		373			231
Income tax expense (benefit)		(284	)		98			61
		(806	)		275			170
Other comprehensive income (loss) from investments in associates		2			–			1
Other comprehensive income (loss)		549			(460	)		1,070
Comprehensive income	$	2,321		$	1,633		$	3,810
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests		63			60			149
Comprehensive income attributable to equity holders of the Bank		2,258			1,573			3,661
Preferred shareholders and other equity instrument holders		101			106			44
Common shareholders	$	2,157		$	1,467		$	3,617

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements.

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Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

							Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
(Unaudited) ($ millions)	Common<br>shares			Retained<br>earnings<br>(1)			Foreign<br>currency<br>translation			Debt<br>instruments<br>FVOCI			Equity<br>instruments<br>FVOCI		Cash<br>flow<br>hedges			Other<br>(2)			Other<br>reserves			Total<br>common<br>equity			Preferred<br>shares and<br>other<br>equity<br>instruments			Total<br>attributable<br>to equity<br>holders			Non-<br>controlling<br>interests in<br>subsidiaries			Total
Balance as at October 31, 2022	$	18,707		$	53,761		$	(2,478	)	$	(1,482	)	$	216	$	(4,786	)	$	1,364		$	(152	)	$	65,150		$	8,075		$	73,225		$	1,524		$	74,749
Net income		–			1,631			–			–			–		–			–			–			1,631			101			1,732			40			1,772
Other comprehensive income (loss)		–			–			524			333			82		537			(950	)		–			526			–			526			23			549
Total comprehensive income	$	–		$	1,631		$	524		$	333		$	82	$	537		$	(950	)	$	–		$	2,157		$	101		$	2,258		$	63		$	2,321
Shares issued		25			–			–			–			–		–			–			(2	)		23			–			23			–			23
Shares repurchased/redeemed		–			–			–			–			–		–			–			–			–			–			–			–			–
Dividends and distributions paid to equity holders		–			(1,228	)		–			–			–		–			–			–			(1,228	)		(101	)		(1,329	)		(23	)		(1,352	)
Share-based payments<br>(3)		–			–			–			–			–		–			–			9			9			–			9			–			9
Other		–			1			–			–			–		–			–			–			1			–			1			–			1
Balance as at January 31, 2023	$	18,732		$	54,165		$	(1,954	)	$	(1,149	)	$	298	$	(4,249	)	$	414		$	(145	)	$	66,112		$	8,075		$	74,187		$	1,564		$	75,751
Balance as at October 31, 2021	$	18,507		$	51,354		$	(4,709	)	$	(270	)	$	291	$	(214	)	$	(431	)	$	222		$	64,750		$	6,052		$	70,802		$	2,090		$	72,892
Net income		–			2,608			–			–			–		–			–			–			2,608			44			2,652			88			2,740
Other comprehensive income (loss)		–			–			1,030			(159	)		129		(240	)		249			–			1,009			–			1,009			61			1,070
Total comprehensive income	$	–		$	2,608		$	1,030		$	(159	)	$	129	$	(240	)	$	249		$	–		$	3,617		$	44		$	3,661		$	149		$	3,810
Shares issued		104			–			–			–			–		–			–			(13	)		91			–			91			–			91
Shares repurchased/redeemed		(190	)		(896	)		–			–			–		–			–			–			(1,086	)		(500	)		(1,586	)		–			(1,586	)
Dividends and distributions paid to equity holders		–			(1,207	)		–			–			–		–			–			–			(1,207	)		(44	)		(1,251	)		(17	)		(1,268	)
Share-based payments<br>(3)		–			–			–			–			–		–			–			6			6			–			6			–			6
Other		–			(11	)		–			–			–		–			–			12			1			–			1			–			1
Balance as at January 31, 2022	$	18,421		$	51,848		$	(3,679	)	$	(429	)	$	420	$	(454	)	$	(182	)	$	227		$	66,172		$	5,552		$	71,724		$	2,222		$	73,946
(1)	Includes undistributed retained earnings of $66 (January 31, 2022 – $62) related to a foreign associated corporation, which is subject to local regulatory restriction.
---	---
(2)	Includes Share from associates, Employee benefits and Own credit risk.
---	---
(3)	Represents amounts on account of share-based payments (refer to Note 13).
---	---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements.

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Consolidated Statement of Cash

Flows

(Unaudited) ($ millions)	For the three months ended
Sources (uses) of cash flows	January 31<br>2023			January 31<br>2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	1,772		$	2,740
Adjustment for:
Net interest income		(4,569	)		(4,344	)
Depreciation and amortization		406			375
Provision for credit losses		638			222
Equity-settled share-based payment expense		9			6
Net gain on sale of investment securities		(44	)		(2	)
Net income from investments in associated corporations		(16	)		(91	)
Income tax expense		1,106			864
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Trading assets		(3,217	)		(4,497	)
Securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed		(3,685	)		(2,775	)
Loans		(6,055	)		(24,821	)
Deposits		35,582			46,498
Obligations related to securities sold short		2,986			4,843
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities lent		(6,977	)		(2,452	)
Net derivative financial instruments		1,485			(1,963	)
Other, net		(8,202	)		2,152
Dividends received		324			284
Interest received		12,618			6,553
Interest paid		(7,254	)		(2,177	)
Income tax paid		(553	)		(1,458	)
Net cash from/(used in) operating activities		16,354			19,957
Cash flows from investing activities
Interest-bearing deposits with financial institutions		(18,926	)		(10,229	)
Purchase of investment securities		(18,562	)		(22,578	)
Proceeds from sale and maturity of investment securities		18,735			16,909
Property and equipment, net of disposals		(56	)		(45	)
Other, net		(262	)		(227	)
Net cash from/(used in) investing activities		(19,071	)		(16,170	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from issue of subordinated debentures		337			–
Redemption of preferred shares		–			(500	)
Proceeds from common shares issued		25			104
Common shares purchased for cancellation		–			(1,086	)
Cash dividends and distributions paid		(1,329	)		(1,251	)
Distributions to non-controlling interests		(23	)		(17	)
Payment of lease liabilities		(85	)		(89	)
Other, net		891			(224	)
Net cash from/(used in) financing activities		(184	)		(3,063	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		137			146
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(2,764	)		870
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period<br>(1)		11,065			9,693
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period<br>(1)	$	8,301		$	10,563
(1)	Represents cash and non-interest-bearing deposits with financial institutions (refer to Note 5).
---	---

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed interim consolidated financial statements.

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Notes to the Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1.	Reporting entity

The Bank of Nova Scotia (the Bank) is a chartered bank under the Bank Act (Canada) (the Bank Act). The Bank is a Schedule I bank under the Bank Act and is regulated by the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI). The Bank is a global financial services provider offering a diverse range of products and services, including personal, commercial, corporate and investment banking. The head office of the Bank is located at 1709 Hollis Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada and its executive offices are at 40 Temperance Street, Toronto, Canada. The common shares of the Bank are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange.

2.	Basis of preparation

Statement of compliance

These condensed interim consolidated financial statements of the Bank have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and accounting requirements of OSFI in accordance with Section 308 of the Bank Act. Section 308 states that except as otherwise specified by OSFI, the financial statements are to be prepared in accordance with IFRS.

These condensed interim consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard 34, Interim Financial Reporting (IAS 34) and do not include all of the information required for full annual financial statements. These condensed interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Bank’s annual audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022.

The condensed interim consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended January 31, 2023 have been approved by the Board of Directors for issue on February 28, 2023.

Basis of measurement

The condensed interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following material items that are measured at fair value in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position:

•	Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss
•	Financial assets and liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss
---	---
•	Derivative financial instruments
---	---
•	Equity instruments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income
---	---
•	Debt instruments measured at fair value through other comprehensive income
---	---

Functional and presentation currency

These condensed interim consolidated financial statements are presented in Canadian dollars, which is the Bank’s functional currency. All financial information presented in Canadian dollars has been rounded to the nearest million unless otherwise stated.

Use of estimates and judgments

The preparation of financial statements, in conformity with IFRS, requires management to make estimates, apply judgments and make assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed interim consolidated financial statements, and income and expenses during the reporting period. Estimates made by management are based on historical experience and other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable. Key areas where management has made difficult, complex or subjective judgments, often as a result of matters that are inherently uncertain, include those relating to the allowance for credit losses, the fair value of financial instruments (including derivatives), corporate income taxes, employee benefits, the fair value of all identifiable assets and liabilities as a result of business combinations, impairment of non-financial assets and derecognition of financial assets and liabilities. While management makes its best estimates and assumptions, actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions.

3.	Significant accounting policies

These

condensed interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Bank’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022.

The significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the condensed interim consolidated financial statements are consistent with those used in the Bank’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022 as described in Note 3 of the Bank’s 2022 annual consolidated financial statements.

4.	Future accounting developments

There are no significant updates to the future accounting developments disclosed in Note 5 of the Bank’s audited consolidated financial statements in the 2022 Annual Report.

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5.	Cash and deposits <br>with<br> financial institutions
	As at
---	---	---	---	---	---	---
($ millions)	January 31<br> 2023			October 31<br> 2022
Cash and<br><br><br>non-interest-bearing<br><br><br>deposits with financial institutions	$	8,301		$	11,065
Interest-bearing deposits with financial institutions		73,085			54,830
Total	$	81,386	(1)	$	65,895	(1)
(1)	Net of allowances of $5 (October 31, 2022 – $4).
---	---

The Bank is required to maintain balances with central banks, other regulatory authorities and certain counterparties and these amounted to $5,604 million (October 31, 2022 – $5,958 million) and are included above.

6.	Investment securities

The following table presents the carrying amounts of the Bank’s investment securities per measurement category.

	As at
($ millions)	January 31<br> 2023		October 31<br> 2022
Debt investment securities measured at FVOCI	$	82,431	$	81,271
Debt investment securities measured at amortized cost		24,195		23,610
Equity investment securities designated at FVOCI		2,679		3,439
Equity investment securities measured at FVTPL		1,636		1,626
Debt investment securities measured at FVTPL		63		62
Total investment securities	$	111,004	$	110,008

(a) Debt investment securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI)

As at January 31, 2023 ($ millions)	Cost		Gross<br> unrealized<br> gains		Gross<br> unrealized<br> losses		Fair value
Canadian federal government issued or guaranteed debt	$	10,122	$	6	$	266	$	9,862
Canadian provincial and municipal debt		6,728		16		319		6,425
U.S. treasury and other U.S. agency debt		36,609		75		1,849		34,835
Other foreign government debt		30,141		72		924		29,289
Other debt		2,084		6		70		2,020
Total	$	85,684	$	175	$	3,428	$	82,431
As at October 31, 2022 ($ millions)	Cost		Gross<br> unrealized<br> gains		Gross<br> unrealized<br> losses		Fair value
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Canadian federal government issued or guaranteed debt	$	11,372	$	4	$	374	$	11,002
Canadian provincial and municipal debt		5,860		1		432		5,429
U.S. treasury and other U.S. agency debt		37,690		80		2,534		35,236
Other foreign government debt		28,794		27		1,135		27,686
Other debt		1,989		1		72		1,918
Total	$	85,705	$	113	$	4,547	$	81,271

(b) Debt investment securities measured at amortized cost

	As at
	January 31, 2023				October 31, 2022
($ millions)	Fair value		Carrying<br> value<br>(1)		Fair value		Carrying<br> value
Canadian federal and provincial government issued or guaranteed debt	$	8,719	$	8,987	$	8,684	$	9,024
U.S. treasury and other U.S. agency debt		12,874		13,600		12,212		13,042
Other foreign government debt		1,493		1,497		1,459		1,470
Corporate debt		120		111		88		74
Total	$	23,206	$	24,195	$	22,443	$	23,610
(1)	Net of allowances of $1 (October 31, 2022 – $1).
---	---

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The Bank has designated certain instruments at FVOCI shown in the following table as these equity securities are held for strategic purposes.

As at January 31, 2023 ($ millions)	Cost		Gross<br> unrealized<br> gains		Gross<br> unrealized<br> losses		Fair value
Common shares	$	2,313	$	508	$	142	$	2,679
Total	$	2,313	$	508	$	142	$	2,679
As at October 31, 2022 ($ millions)	Cost		Gross<br> unrealized<br> gains		Gross<br> unrealized<br> losses		Fair value
Common shares	$	3,175	$	487	$	223	$	3,439
Total	$	3,175	$	487	$	223	$	3,439

Dividend income earned on equity securities designated at FVOCI of $33 million for the three months ended January 31, 2023 (October 31, 2022 – $44 million; January 31, 2022 – $38 million) has been recognized in interest income.

During the three months ended January 31, 2023, the Bank has disposed of certain equity securities designated at FVOCI with a fair value of $788 million (October 31, 2022 – $301 million; January 31, 2022 – $381 million). This has resulted in a realized loss of $64 million in the three months ended January 31, 2023 (October 31, 2022 – loss of $42 million; January 31, 2022 – gain of $36 million).

7.	Loans, impaired loans and allowance for credit losses

(a) Loans at amortized cost

	As at
	January 31, 2023						October 31, 2022
($ millions)	Gross<br> carrying<br> amount		Allowance<br> for credit<br> losses		Net<br> carrying<br> amount		Gross<br> carrying<br> amount		Allowance<br> for credit<br> losses		Net<br> carrying<br> amount
Residential mortgages	$	353,527	$	938	$	352,589	$	349,279	$	899	$	348,380
Personal loans		101,041		2,204		98,837		99,431		2,137		97,294
Credit cards		15,494		1,100		14,394		14,518		1,083		13,435
Business and government		290,608		1,271		289,337		287,107		1,229		285,878
Total	$	760,670	$	5,513	$	755,157	$	750,335	$	5,348	$	744,987

(b) Impaired loans (1)(2)

	As at
	January 31, 2023						October 31, 2022
($ millions)	Gross<br>impaired<br>loans		Allowance<br>for credit<br>losses		Net		Gross<br>impaired<br>loans		Allowance<br>for credit<br>losses		Net
Residential mortgages	$	1,539	$	428	$	1,111	$	1,386	$	406	$	980
Personal loans		968		563		405		848		551		297
Credit cards		–		–		–		–		–		–
Business and government		2,597		663		1,934		2,552		678		1,874
Total	$	5,104	$	1,654	$	3,450	$	4,786	$	1,635	$	3,151
By geography:
Canada	$	1,212	$	434	$	778	$	1,054	$	440	$	614
United States		–		–		–		–		–		–
Mexico		1,034		295		739		1,020		294		726
Peru		720		351		369		761		352		409
Chile		953		243		710		740		202		538
Colombia		306		72		234		301		67		234
Other international		879		259		620		910		280		630
Total	$	5,104	$	1,654	$	3,450	$	4,786	$	1,635	$	3,151
(1)	Interest income recognized on impaired loans during the three months ended January 31, 2023 was $12 (October 31, 2022 – $11).
---	---
(2)	Additional interest income of approximately $86 would have been recorded if the above loans had not been classified as impaired (October 31, 2022 – $81).
---	---

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(c)	Allowance for credit losses
(i)	Key inputs and assumptions
---	---

The Bank’s allowance for credit losses is measured using a three-stage approach based on the extent of credit deterioration since origination. The calculation of the Bank’s allowance for credit losses is an output of complex models with a number of underlying assumptions regarding the choice of variable inputs and their interdependencies. Some of the key drivers include the following:

•	Changes in risk ratings of the borrower or instrument reflecting changes in their credit quality;
•	Changes in the volumes of transactions;
---	---
•	Changes in the forward-looking macroeconomic environment reflected in the variables used in the models such as GDP growth, unemployment rates, commodity prices, interest rates, and house price indices, which are most closely related with credit losses in the relevant portfolio;
---	---
•	Changes in macroeconomic scenarios and the probability weights assigned to each scenario; and
---	---
•	Borrower migration between the three stages.
---	---

The Bank determines its allowance for credit losses using four probability-weighted forward-looking scenarios (base case, optimistic, pessimistic and very pessimistic).

The Bank considers both internal and external sources of information and data to achieve unbiased projections and forecasts in determining the allowance for credit losses. The Bank prepares the scenarios using forecasts generated by Scotiabank Economics (SE). The forecasts are generated using models whose outputs are modified by SE as necessary to formulate a ‘base case’ view of the most probable future direction of economic developments. The development of the base case and alternative scenarios is overseen by a governance committee that consists of internal stakeholders from across the Bank. The final base case and alternative scenarios reflect significant review and oversight, and incorporate judgment both in the determination of the scenarios’ forecasts and the probability weights that are assigned to them.

(ii)	Key macroeconomic variables

The inputs and models used for calculating expected credit losses may not always capture all characteristics of the market at the date of the financial statements. Qualitative adjustments or overlays may be made for certain portfolios or geographies as temporary adjustments in circumstances where, in the Bank’s view, the inputs, assumptions, and/or modelling techniques do not capture all relevant risk factors, including the emergence of economic or geopolitical events up to the date of financial statements.

The Bank has applied expert credit judgement in the determination of the allowance for credit losses to capture, as described above, all relevant risk factors up to the end of the reporting period. The Bank considered both quantitative and qualitative information in the assessment of significant increase in credit risk.

The Bank’s models are calibrated to consider past performance and macroeconomic forward-looking variables as inputs. The Bank has generated a forward-looking base case scenario and three alternate forward-looking scenarios (one optimistic and two pessimistic) as key inputs into the expected credit loss provisioning models. The base case is less favourable this quarter, as stronger observed inflation pressures – and the U.S. Federal Reserve’s stronger tone – will bring monetary policy rates to higher than previously forecasted levels. The optimistic scenario features somewhat stronger economic activity relative to the base case.

The two pessimistic scenarios were updated this quarter around the potential risk of stagflation and recession and are built around alternative assumptions on the source, duration and impact of stagflation shocks. These pessimistic scenarios are less severe than last quarter as they reflect less uncertainty in regard to the impact of the Russia/Ukraine war, and a portion of the previously assumed risk of strong inflation has materialized and is now captured in the base case.

The pessimistic scenarios both feature a protracted period of elevated financial market uncertainty and a further disruption to supply chains with these being more severe in the very pessimistic scenario. The pessimistic scenario also adds high commodity prices as a source for stagflation shock, while these are simply reacting (negatively) to the weaker global economic in the very pessimistic scenario. Consequently these scenarios feature much higher inflation compared to the base case scenario resulting in a rapid deceleration of growth. In the pessimistic scenario, stagflation is short-lived, while in the very pessimistic scenario, the stagflation shock is strong and persists for a longer period of time.

The following tables show certain key macroeconomic variables used to calculate the modelled estimate for the allowance for credit losses. Further changes in these variables up to the date of the financial statements is incorporated through expert credit judgment. For the base case, optimistic and pessimistic scenarios, the projections are provided for the next 12 months and for the remaining forecast period, which represents a medium-term view.

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				Alternative Scenario -<br>Optimistic				Alternative Scenario -<br>Pessimistic				Alternative Scenario -<br>Very Pessimistic
As at January 31, 2023		Remaining<br>Forecast<br>Period		Next 12<br>Months		Remaining<br>Forecast<br>Period		Next 12<br>Months		Remaining<br>Forecast<br>Period		Next 12<br>Months		Remaining<br>Forecast<br>Period
Canada
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	0.8		2.3		1.7		3.6		-2.2		3.1		-3.2		3.1
Consumer price index, y/y %	4.1		1.8		4.3		2.3		6.3		2.0		7.0		2.0
Unemployment rate, average %	5.8		6.1		5.4		4.5		7.8		6.5		8.6		6.8
Bank of Canada overnight rate target, average %	4.2		2.5		4.5		3.7		4.8		2.8		5.1		3.0
HPI - Housing Price Index, y/y % change	-13.1		0.2		-12.6		1.7		-15.8		0.2		-16.7		0.2
/CAD exchange rate, average	1.33		1.24		1.32		1.24		1.33		1.25		1.33		1.25
U.S.
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	0.6		1.9		1.3		2.7		-2.3		2.7		-3.2		2.8
Consumer price index, y/y %	5.0		2.3		5.2		2.6		7.3		2.4		8.1		2.5
Target federal funds rate, upper limit, average %	4.9		2.8		5.2		4.0		5.6		3.1		5.8		3.3
Unemployment rate, average %	4.2		4.8		4.0		4.4		6.0		5.2		6.7		5.4
Mexico
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	0.8		2.2		1.5		3.1		-1.8		2.9		-2.7		3.0
Unemployment rate, average %	3.9		3.8		3.7		3.1		5.6		4.3		6.3		4.6
Chile
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	-1.7		2.5		-0.7		3.6		-4.4		3.3		-5.3		3.4
Unemployment rate, average %	9.1		7.3		8.8		6.7		10.9		7.6		11.6		7.8
Peru
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	2.4		2.3		2.7		3.7		-0.6		3.1		-1.5		3.2
Unemployment rate, average %	7.4		7.3		7.2		5.8		9.4		7.8		10.6		8.3
Colombia
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	2.0		2.7		4.5		4.2		-1.0		3.4		-1.9		3.6
Unemployment rate, average %	10.7		10.3		9.4		7.0		12.7		10.7		14.3		11.5
Caribbean
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	3.7		3.9		4.3		4.8		1.0		4.6		0.1		4.7
Global
WTI oil price, average /bbl	94		69		99		81		108		71		80		65
Copper price, average /lb	3.50		4.51		3.61		5.02		3.71		4.54		3.21		4.38
Global GDP, y/y % change	2.07		2.52		2.80		3.47		-0.47		3.23		-1.31		3.32
				Alternative Scenario -<br> Optimistic				Alternative Scenario -<br> Pessimistic				Alternative Scenario -<br> Very Pessimistic
As at October 31, 2022		Remaining<br> Forecast<br> Period		Next 12<br> Months		Remaining<br> Forecast<br> Period		Next 12<br> Months		Remaining<br> Forecast<br> Period		Next 12<br> Months		Remaining<br> Forecast<br> Period
Canada
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	1.2		2.1		2.4		3.1		-4.8		3.7		-5.9		2.6
Consumer price index, y/y %	4.9		2.1		5.2		2.6		9.3		2.3		12.5		9.5
Unemployment rate, average %	5.7		6.0		5.1		4.7		9.7		6.9		10.2		8.6
Bank of Canada overnight rate target, average %	3.8		2.7		4.2		4.1		5.1		3.2		5.1		3.7
HPI - Housing Price Index, y/y % change	-12.3		-0.3		-9.7		1.6		-17.6		-0.3		-20.0		-1.3
/CAD exchange rate, average	1.27		1.24		1.26		1.23		1.28		1.24		1.28		1.25
U.S.
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	0.6		2.1		1.3		3.0		-5.1		3.7		-6.5		3.3
Consumer price index, y/y %	5.4		2.4		5.8		2.8		10.0		2.6		13.2		10.1
Target federal funds rate, upper limit, average %	3.5		2.7		4.7		4.5		4.8		3.3		4.8		3.7
Unemployment rate, average %	4.3		5.0		4.2		4.6		7.9		5.7		8.3		6.7
Mexico
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	1.4		2.6		1.9		3.5		-4.0		4.0		-5.1		2.5
Unemployment rate, average %	3.8		3.9		3.7		3.2		7.2		4.8		7.6		6.4
Chile
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	-2.0		2.4		-0.8		3.6		-7.3		3.9		-8.4		2.9
Unemployment rate, average %	8.6		7.6		8.0		6.5		12.2		8.3		12.9		9.0
Peru
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	2.5		2.7		3.7		3.8		-1.0		4.1		-3.3		3.5
Unemployment rate, average %	7.0		6.9		6.0		4.7		10.3		7.6		11.4		9.2
Colombia
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	3.9		2.6		6.5		3.6		0.4		4.0		-2.0		3.4
Unemployment rate, average %	10.7		9.9		9.0		6.7		14.0		10.7		15.1		12.3
Caribbean
Real GDP growth, y/y % change	4.4		4.0		5.0		4.9		0.5		5.2		-1.0		3.8
Global
WTI oil price, average /bbl	89		79		95		96		116		83		125		116
Copper price, average /lb	3.25		3.49		3.39		3.95		3.66		3.54		3.78		3.78
Global GDP, y/y % change	2.02		2.83		2.96		3.83		-3.05		4.23		-4.14		3.79

All values are in US Dollars.

(iii)	Sensitivity

Relative to the base case scenario, the weighting of these multiple scenarios increased the reported allowance for credit losses for financial assets in Stage 1 and Stage 2 to $3,998 million (October 31, 2022 – $3,847 million) from $3,901 million (October 31, 2022 – $3,609

million). If the Bank was to only use the very pessimistic scenario for the measurement of allowance for credit losses for such assets, the allowance for credit losses on performing financial instruments would be $538 million (October 31, 2022 – $1,096 million) higher than the reported allowance for credit losses as

64 Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023

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at January 31, 2023. The decrease in quantitative impact quarter over quarter reflects that the pessimistic scenarios are less severe than last quarter given a portion of the previously assumed risk of strong inflation has materialized and is now captured in the base case. Actual results will differ as this does not consider the migration of exposures or incorporate changes that would occur in the portfolio due to risk mitigation actions and other factors. Furthermore, the consideration of qualitative overlays or expert credit judgement is not considered.

Under the current probability-weighted scenarios, if all performing financial assets were in Stage 1, reflecting a 12 month expected loss period, the allowance for credit losses would be $541 million (October 31, 2022 – $521 million) lower than the reported allowance for credit losses on performing financial assets.

(iv)	Allowance for credit losses
Allowance for credit losses
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
($ millions)	Balance as at<br> November 1,<br> 2022		Provision for<br> credit losses		Net write-offs			Other, including<br> foreign currency<br> adjustment			Balance as at<br> January 31,<br> 2023
Residential mortgages	$	899	$	31	$	(15	)	$	23		$	938
Personal loans		2,137		276		(250	)		41			2,204
Credit cards		1,083		191		(204	)		30			1,100
Business and government		1,368		140		(94	)		(3	)		1,411
	$	5,487	$	638	$	(563	)	$	91		$	5,653
Presented as:
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$	5,348									$	5,513
Allowance for credit losses on acceptances<br>(1)		31										40
Allowance for credit losses on <br>off-balance<br> sheet exposures<br>(2)		108										100
(1)	Allowance for credit losses on acceptances are recorded against the financial asset in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
---	---
(2)	Allowance for credit losses on <br>off-balance<br> sheet exposures is recorded in other liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
---	---
($ millions)	Balance as at<br> November 1,<br> 2021		Provision for<br> credit losses		Net write-offs			Other, including<br> foreign currency<br> adjustment		Balance as at<br> January 31,<br> 2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Residential mortgages	$	802	$	26	$	(14	)	$	21	$	835
Personal loans		2,341		111		(240	)		37		2,249
Credit cards		1,211		73		(139	)		20		1,165
Business and government		1,374		12		(64	)		9		1,331
	$	5,728	$	222	$	(457	)	$	87	$	5,580
Presented as:
Allowance for credit losses on loans	$	5,626								$	5,492
Allowance for credit losses on acceptances<br>(1)		37									33
Allowance for credit losses on <br>off-balance<br> sheet exposures<br>(2)		65									55
(1)	Allowance for credit losses on acceptances are recorded against the financial asset in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
---	---
(2)	Allowance for credit losses on <br>off-balance<br> sheet exposures is recorded in other liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
---	---
Allowance for credit losses on loans	As at January 31, 2023
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
($ millions)	Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Total
Residential mortgages	$	209	$	301	$	428	$	938
Personal loans		673		968		563		2,204
Credit cards		436		664		–		1,100
Business and government		315		293		663		1,271
Total<br>(1)	$	1,633	$	2,226	$	1,654	$	5,513
(1)	Excludes allowance for credit losses of $155 for other financial assets including acceptances, investment securities, deposits with banks, <br>off-balance<br> sheet credit risks and reverse repos.
---	---
	As at October 31, 2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
($ millions)	Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Total
Residential mortgages	$	197	$	296	$	406	$	899
Personal loans		665		921		551		2,137
Credit cards		436		647		–		1,083
Business and government		255		296		678		1,229
Total<br>(1)	$	1,553	$	2,160	$	1,635	$	5,348
(1)	Excludes allowance for credit losses of $151 <br>for other financial assets including acceptances, investment securities, deposits with banks, off-balance sheet credit risks and reverse repos.
---	---
	As at January 31, 2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
($ millions)	Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Total
Residential mortgages	$	161	$	279	$	395	$	835
Personal loans		655		1,020		574		2,249
Credit cards		399		766		–		1,165
Business and government		198		391		654		1,243
Total<br>(1)	$	1,413	$	2,456	$	1,623	$	5,492
(1)	Excludes allowance for credit losses of $91 <br>for other financial assets including acceptances, investment securities, deposits with banks, off-balance sheet credit risks and reverse repos.
---	---

Scotiabank First Quarter Report 2023 65

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CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table presents the changes to the allowance for credit losses on loans.

	As at January 31, 2023												As at January 31, 2022
($ millions)	Stage 1			Stage 2			Stage 3			Total			Stage 1			Stage 2			Stage 3			Total
Retail loans:
Residential mortgages
Balance at beginning of period	$	197		$	296		$	406		$	899		$	152		$	276		$	374		$	802
Provision for credit losses
Remeasurement<br>(1)		(31	)		9			49			27			(19	)		11			29			21
Newly originated or purchased financial assets		9			–			–			9			10			–			–			10
Derecognition of financial assets and maturities		(2	)		(3	)		–			(5	)		(2	)		(3	)		–			(5	)
Changes in models and methodologies		–			–			–			–			–			–			–			–
Transfer to (from):
Stage 1		37			(29	)		(8	)		–			19			(17	)		(2	)		–
Stage 2		(7	)		31			(24	)		–			(2	)		7			(5	)		–
Stage 3		–			(13	)		13			–			–			(3	)		3			–
Gross write-offs		–			–			(22	)		(22	)		–			–			(21	)		(21	)
Recoveries		–			–			7			7			–			–			7			7
Foreign exchange and other movements		6			10			7			23			3			8			10			21
Balance at end of period<br>(2)	$	209		$	301		$	428		$	938		$	161		$	279		$	395		$	835
Personal loans
Balance at beginning of period	$	665		$	921		$	551		$	2,137		$	644		$	1,071		$	626		$	2,341
Provision for credit losses
Remeasurement<br>(1)		(181	)		242			183			244			(156	)		95			144			83
Newly originated or purchased financial assets		90			–			–			90			75			–			–			75
Derecognition of financial assets and maturities		(21	)		(37	)		–			(58	)		(18	)		(29	)		–			(47	)
Changes in models and methodologies		–			–			–			–			–			–			–			–
Transfer to (from):
Stage 1		157			(154	)		(3	)		–			130			(127	)		(3	)		–
Stage 2		(46	)		63			(17	)		–			(30	)		44			(14	)		–
Stage 3		(2	)		(84	)		86			–			(1	)		(50	)		51			–
Gross write-offs		–			–			(307	)		(307	)		–			–			(307	)		(307	)
Recoveries		–			–			57			57			–			–			67			67
Foreign exchange and other movements		11			17			13			41			11			16			10			37
Balance at end of period<br>(2)	$	673		$	968		$	563		$	2,204		$	655		$	1,020		$	574		$	2,249
Credit cards
Balance at beginning of period	$	436		$	647		$	–		$	1,083		$	352		$	859		$	–		$	1,211
Provision for credit losses
Remeasurement<br>(1)		(74	)		111			140			177			(52	)		5			109			62
Newly originated or purchased financial assets		47			–			–			47			28			–			–			28
Derecognition of financial assets and maturities		(17	)		(16	)		–			(33	)		(10	)		(7	)		–			(17	)
Changes in models and methodologies		–			–			–			–			–			–			–			–
Transfer to (from):
Stage 1		67			(67	)		–			–			87			(87	)		–			–
Stage 2		(35	)		35			–			–			(13	)		13			–			–
Stage 3		–			(60	)		60			–			–			(28	)		28			–
Gross write-offs		–			–			(241	)		(241	)		–			–			(192	)		(192	)
Recoveries		–			–			37			37			–			–			53			53
Foreign exchange and other movements		12			14			4			30			7			11			2			20
Balance at end of period<br>(2)	$	436		$	664		$	–		$	1,100		$	399		$	766		$	–		$	1,165
Total retail loans
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,298		$	1,864		$	957		$	4,119		$	1,148		$	2,206		$	1,000		$	4,354
Provision for credit losses
Remeasurement<br>(1)		(286	)		362			372			448			(227	)		111			282			166
Newly originated or purchased financial asset<br>s		146			–			–			146			113			–			–			113
Derecognition of financial assets and maturities		(40	)		(56	)		–			(96	)		(30	)		(39	)		–			(69	)
Changes in models and methodologies		–			–			–			–			–			–			–			–
Transfer to (from):
Stage 1		261			(250	)		(11	)		–			236			(231	)		(5	)		–
Stage 2		(88	)		129			(41	)		–			(45	)		64			(19	)		–
Stage 3		(2	)		(157	)		159			–			(1	)		(81	)		82			–
Gross write-offs		–			–			(570	)		(570	)		–			–			(520	)		(520	)
Recoveries		–			–			101			101			–			–			127			127
Foreign exchange and other movements		29			41			24			94			21			35			22			78
Balance at end of period<br>(2)	$	1,318		$	1,933		$	991		$	4,242		$	1,215		$	2,065		$	969		$	4,249
Non-retail<br> loans:
Business and government
Balance at beginning of period	$	322		$	320		$	695		$	1,337		$	212		$	470		$	655		$	1,337
Provision for credit losses
Remeasurement<br>(1)		20			11			85			116			(30	)		(14	)		76			32
Newly originated or purchased financial assets		97			–			–			97			56			–			–			56
Derecognition of financial assets and maturities		(73	)		(8	)		(3	)		(84	)		(41	)		(20	)		(11	)		(72	)
Changes in models and methodologies		–			–			–			–			–			–			–			–
Transfer to (from):
Stage 1		22			(22	)		–			–			42			(42	)		–			–
Stage 2		(8	)		8			–			–			(8	)		8			–			–
Stage 3		–			(1	)		1			–			–			–			–			–
Gross write-offs		–			–			(106	)		(106	)		–			–			(73	)		(73	)
Recoveries		–			–			12			12			–			–			9			9
Foreign exchange and other movements		–			4			(5	)		(1	)		2			9			(2	)		9
Balance at end of period including <br>off-balance<br> sheet exposures<br>(2)	$	380		$	312		$	679		$	1,371		$	233		$	411		$	654		$	1,298
Less: Allowance for credits losses on <br>off-balance<br> sheet exposures<br>(3)		(65	)		(19	)		(16	)		(100	)		(35	)		(20	)		–			(55	)
Balance at end of period<br>(2)	$	315		$	293		$	663		$	1,271		$	198		$	391		$	654		$	1,243
(1)	Includes credit risk changes as a result of significant increases in credit risk, changes in credit risk that did not result in a transfer between stages, changes in model inputs and assumptions and changes due to drawdowns of undrawn commitments.
---	---
(2)	Additional interest income of approximately $86 would have been recorded if the above loans had not been classified as impaired<br>(January 31, 2022 – $61).
---	---
(3)	Allowance for credit losses on <br>off-balance<br> sheet exposures is recorded in other liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.
---	---

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(d)	Carrying value of exposures by risk rating
Residential<br>mortgages	As at January 31, 2023								As at October 31, 2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Category of PD grades<br><br>($ millions)	Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3<br>(1)		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3<br>(1)		Total
Very low	$	207,851	$	583	$	–	$	208,434	$	208,526	$	635	$	–	$	209,161
Low		93,497		930		–		94,427		90,745		1,172		–		91,917
Medium		19,848		1,102		–		20,950		18,399		1,032		–		19,431
High		3,067		2,732		–		5,799		2,759		2,680		–		5,439
Very high		62		1,707		–		1,769		53		1,429		–		1,482
Loans not graded<br>(2)		19,396		1,213		–		20,609		19,276		1,187		–		20,463
Default		–		–		1,539		1,539		–		–		1,386		1,386
Total	$	343,721	$	8,267	$	1,539	$	353,527	$	339,758	$	8,135	$	1,386	$	349,279
Allowance for credit losses		209		301		428		938		197		296		406		899
Carrying value	$	343,512	$	7,966	$	1,111	$	352,589	$	339,561	$	7,839	$	980	$	348,380
(1)	Stage 3 includes purchased or originated credit-impaired loans.
---	---
(2)	Portfolios where the customer account level ‘Probability of Default’ has not been determined have been included in the ‘Loans not graded’ category.
---	---
Personal loans	As at January 31, 2023								As at October 31, 2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Category of PD grades<br><br>($ millions)	Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3<br>(1)		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3<br>(1)		Total
Very low	$	30,068	$	186	$	–	$	30,254	$	30,098	$	285	$	–	$	30,383
Low		27,908		548		–		28,456		27,284		685		–		27,969
Medium		8,644		584		–		9,228		8,789		1,464		–		10,253
High		7,534		3,125		–		10,659		7,059		2,275		–		9,334
Very high		74		1,788		–		1,862		81		1,655		–		1,736
Loans not graded<br>(2)		18,040		1,574		–		19,614		17,371		1,537		–		18,908
Default		–		–		968		968		–		–		848		848
Total	$	92,268	$	7,805	$	968	$	101,041	$	90,682	$	7,901	$	848	$	99,431
Allowance for credit losses		673		968		563		2,204		665		921		551		2,137
Carrying value	$	91,595	$	6,837	$	405	$	98,837	$	90,017	$	6,980	$	297	$	97,294
(1)	Stage 3 includes purchased or originated credit-impaired loans.
---	---
(2)	Portfolios where the customer account level ‘Probability of Default’ has not been determined have been included in the ‘Loans not graded’ category.
---	---
Credit cards	As at January 31, 2023								As at October 31, 2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Category of PD grades<br><br>($ millions)	Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Total
Very low	$	1,826	$	54	$	–	$	1,880	$	1,813	$	47	$	–	$	1,860
Low		3,018		123		–		3,141		2,756		159		–		2,915
Medium		3,760		144		–		3,904		3,434		190		–		3,624
High		3,200		1,055		–		4,255		3,042		998		–		4,040
Very high		36		681		–		717		36		587		–		623
Loans not graded<br>(1)		1,116		481		–		1,597		997		459		–		1,456
Default		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		–
Total	$	12,956	$	2,538	$	–	$	15,494	$	12,078	$	2,440	$	–	$	14,518
Allowance for credit losses		436		664		–		1,100		436		647		–		1,083
Carrying value	$	12,520	$	1,874	$	–	$	14,394	$	11,642	$	1,793	$	–	$	13,435
(1)	Portfolios where the customer account level ‘Probability of Default’ has not been determined have been included in the ‘Loans not graded’ category.
---	---
Undrawn loan<br>commitments –<br><br>Retail	As at January 31, 2023								As at October 31, 2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Category of PD grades<br><br>($ millions)	Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3		Total
Very low	$	100,943	$	6	$	–	$	100,949	$	98,973	$	6	$	–	$	98,979
Low		19,113		8		–		19,121		19,196		9		–		19,205
Medium		7,907		13		–		7,920		7,880		44		–		7,924
High		3,593		347		–		3,940		3,700		307		–		4,007
Very high		33		334		–		367		34		354		–		388
Loans not graded<br>(1)		9,501		1,815		–		11,316		8,316		1,667		–		9,983
Default		–		–		–		–		–		–		–		–
Carrying value	$	141,090	$	2,523	$	–	$	143,613	$	138,099	$	2,387	$	–	$	140,486
(1)	Portfolios where the customer account level ‘Probability of Default’ has not been determined have been included in the ‘Loans not graded’ category.
---	---

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Total retail loans	As at January 31, 2023								As at October 31, 2022
Category of PD grades<br><br>($ millions)	Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3<br>(1)		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3<br>(1)		Total
Very low	$	340,688	$	829	$	–	$	341,517	$	339,410	$	973	$	–	$	340,383
Low		143,536		1,609		–		145,145		139,981		2,025		–		142,006
Medium		40,159		1,843		–		42,002		38,502		2,730		–		41,232
High		17,394		7,259		–		24,653		16,560		6,260		–		22,820
Very high		205		4,510		–		4,715		204		4,025		–		4,229
Loans not graded<br>(2)		48,053		5,083		–		53,136		45,960		4,850		–		50,810
Default		–		–		2,507		2,507		–		–		2,234		2,234
Total	$	590,035	$	21,133	$	2,507	$	613,675	$	580,617	$	20,863	$	2,234	$	603,714
Allowance for credit losses		1,318		1,933		991		4,242		1,298		1,864		957		4,119
Carrying value	$	588,717	$	19,200	$	1,516	$	609,433	$	579,319	$	18,999	$	1,277	$	599,595
(1)	Stage 3 includes purchased or originated credit-impaired loans.
---	---
(2)	Portfolios where the customer account level ‘Probability of Default’ has not been determined have been included in the ‘Loans not graded’ category.
---	---
Business and<br>government loans	As at January 31, 2023								As at October 31, 2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Grade<br><br>($ millions)	Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3<br>(1)		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3<br>(1)		Total
Investment grade	$	162,899	$	1,230	$	–	$	164,129	$	162,696	$	1,775	$	–	$	164,471
Non-investment<br> grade		109,684		9,104		–		118,788		105,251		9,563		–		114,814
Watch list		22		2,693		–		2,715		22		2,890		–		2,912
Loans not graded<br>(2)		2,365		14		–		2,379		2,346		12		–		2,358
Default		–		–		2,597		2,597		–		–		2,552		2,552
Total	$	274,970	$	13,041	$	2,597	$	290,608	$	270,315	$	14,240	$	2,552	$	287,107
Allowance for credit losses		315		293		663		1,271		255		296		678		1,229
Carrying value	$	274,655	$	12,748	$	1,934	$	289,337	$	270,060	$	13,944	$	1,874	$	285,878
(1)	Stage 3 includes purchased or originated credit-impaired loans.
---	---
(2)	Portfolios where the customer account level ‘Probability of Default’ has not been determined have been included in the ‘Loans not graded’ category.
---	---
Undrawn loan<br>commitments –<br>Business and<br>government	As at January 31, 2023								As at October 31, 2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Grade<br><br>($ millions)	Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3<br>(1)		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3<br>(1)		Total
Investment grade	$	227,270	$	1,474	$	–	$	228,744	$	222,734	$	1,502	$	–	$	224,236
Non-investment<br> grade		62,077		4,083		–		66,160		62,827		4,534		–		67,361
Watch list		5		639		–		644		4		604		–		608
Loans not graded<br>(2)		4,738		1		–		4,739		4,573		–		–		4,573
Default		–		–		129		129		–		–		139		139
Total	$	294,090	$	6,197	$	129	$	300,416	$	290,138	$	6,640	$	139	$	296,917
Allowance for credit losses		65		19		16		100		67		24		17		108
Carrying value	$	294,025	$	6,178	$	113	$	300,316	$	290,071	$	6,616	$	122	$	296,809
(1)	Stage 3 includes purchased or originated credit-impaired loans.
---	---
(2)	Portfolios where the customer account level ‘Probability of Default’ has not been determined have been included in the ‘Loans not graded’ category.
---	---
Total <br>non-retail<br><br>loans	As at January 31, 2023								As at October 31, 2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Grade<br><br>($ millions)	Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3<br>(1)		Total		Stage 1		Stage 2		Stage 3<br>(1)		Total
Investment grade	$	390,169	$	2,704	$	–	$	392,873	$	385,430	$	3,277	$	–	$	388,707
Non-investment<br> grade		171,761		13,187		–		184,948		168,078		14,097		–		182,175
Watch list		27		3,332		–		3,359		26		3,494		–		3,520
Loans not graded<br>(2)		7,103		15		–		7,118		6,919		12		–		6,931
Default		–		–		2,726		2,726		–		–		2,691		2,691
Total	$	569,060	$	19,238	$	2,726	$	591,024	$	560,453	$	20,880	$	2,691	$	584,024
Allowance for credit losses		380		312		679		1,371		322		320		695		1,337
Carrying value	$	568,680	$	18,926	$	2,047	$	589,653	$	560,131	$	20,560	$	1,996	$	582,687
(1)	Stage 3 includes purchased or originated credit-impaired loans.
---	---
(2)	Portfolios where the customer account level ‘Probability of Default’ has not been determined have been included in the ‘Loans not graded’ category.
---	---

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(e)	Loans past due but not impaired<br>(1)

A loan is considered past due wh e n a counterparty has not made a payment by the contractual due date. The following table presents the carrying value of loans that are contractually past due but not classified as impaired because they are either less than 90 days past due or fully secured and collection efforts are reasonably expected to result in repayment, or restoring it to a current status in accordance with the Bank’s policy.

	As at January 31, 2023<br>(2)								As at October 31, 2022<br>(2)
($ millions)	31-60<br> <br>days		61-90<br> <br>days		91 days<br>and greater<br>(3)		Total		31-60<br><br>days		61-90<br><br>days		91 days<br>and greater<br>(3)		Total
Residential mortgages	$	1,034	$	509	$	–	$	1,543	$	1,015	$	482	$	–	$	1,497
Personal loans		525		300		–		825		505		254		–		759
Credit cards		192		129		270		591		173		113		249		535
Business and government		121		64		–		185		122		47		–		169
Total	$	1,872	$	1,002	$	270	$	3,144	$	1,815	$	896	$	249	$	2,960
(1)	Loans past due 30 days or less are not presented in this analysis as they are not administratively considered past due.
---	---
(2)	For loans where payment deferrals were granted, deferred payments are not considered past due and such loans are not aged further during the deferral period. Regular ageing of the loans resumes, after the end of the deferral period.
---	---
(3)	All loans that are over 90 days past due are considered impaired with the exception of credit card receivables which are considered impaired when 180 days past due.
---	---
(f)	Purchased credit-impaired loans
---	---

Certain financial assets including loans are credit-impaired on initial recognition. The following table provides details of such

assets:

	As at
($ millions)	January 31<br>2023			October 31<br>2022
Unpaid principal balance<br>(1)	$	311		$	309
Credit related fair value adjustments		(74	)		(70	)
Carrying value		237			239
Stage 3 allowance		(2	)		(2	)
Carrying value net related allowance	$	235		$	237
(1)	Represents principal amount owed net of write-offs.
---	---
8<br>.	Derecognition of financial assets
---	---

Securitization of residential mortgage loans

The Bank securitizes fully insured residential mortgage loans, Bank originated and others, through the creation of mortgage-backed securities (MBS) under the National Housing Act (NHA) MBS program, sponsored by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC). MBS created under the program are sold to Canada Housing Trust (the Trust), a government sponsored entity under the Canada Mortgage Bond (CMB) program. The Trust issues securities to third-party investors. The CMHC also purchased insured mortgage pools from the Bank under the Insured Mortgage Purchase Program (IMPP).

The sale of mortgages under the above programs do not meet the derecognition requirements, where the Bank retains the pre-payment and interest rate risks associated with the mortgages, which represent substantially all the risks and rewards associated with the transferred assets.

The transferred mortgages continue to be recognized on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as residential mortgage loans. Cash proceeds from the transfer are treated as secured borrowings and included in Deposits – Business and government on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

The following table provides the carrying amount of transferred assets that do not qualify for derecognition and the associated

liabilities:

	As at
($ millions)	January 31<br>2023<br>(1)		October 31<br>2022<br>(1)
Assets
Carrying value of residential mortgage loans	$	14,898	$	15,032
Other related assets<br>(2)		9,458		9,854
Liabilities
Carrying value of associated liabilities	$	22,892	$	24,173
(1)	The fair value of the transferred assets is $22,833 (October 31, 2022 – $23,379) and the fair value of the associated liabilities is $22,207 (October 31, 2022 – $23,254) for a net position of $626 (October 31, 2022 – $125).
---	---
(2)	These include cash held in trust and trust permitted investment assets, including repurchase style transactions of mortgage-backed securities, acquired as part of the principal reinvestment account that the Bank is required to maintain in order to participate in the programs.
---	---

Securitization of personal lines of credit, credit cards and auto loans

The Bank securitizes a portion of its credit card and auto loan receivables through consolidated structured entities. These receivables continue to be recognized on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as personal loans and credit card loans. During the quarter, the Bank did not enter into any new securitization arrangements.

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Securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities lent

The Bank enters into transactions, such as repurchase agreements and securities lending agreements, where the Bank transfers assets under agreements to repurchase them on a future date and retains all the substantial risks and rewards associated with the assets. The transferred securities remain on the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

The following table provides the carrying amount of the transferred assets and the associated

liabilities:

	As at
($ millions)	January 31<br>2023<br>(1)		October 31<br>2022<br>(1)
Carrying value of securities associated with:
Repurchase agreements<br>(2)	$	111,534	$	122,552
Securities lending agreements		60,896		52,178
Total		172,430		174,730
Carrying value of associated liabilities<br>(3)	$	132,206	$	139,025
(1)	The fair value of transferred assets is $172,430 (October 31, 2022 – $174,730) and the fair value of the associated liabilities is $132,206 (October 31, 2022 – $139,025) for a net position of $40,224 (October 31, 2022 – $35,705).
---	---
(2)	Does not include over-collateralization of assets pledged.
---	---
(3)	Liabilities for securities lending arrangements only include amounts related to cash collateral received. In most cases, securities are received as collateral.
---	---

Continuing involvement in transferred financial assets that qualify for derecognition

Loans issued by the Bank under the Canada Emergency Business Account (CEBA) program are derecognized from the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as the program meets the pass-through criteria for derecognition of financial assets under IFRS 9.

As at January 31, 2023, the Bank has derecognized $3.8 billion CEBA loans (October 31, 2022 – $3.9 billion). The Bank retains a continuing involvement in these derecognized loans through its servicing of these loans on behalf of Export Development Canada. The appropriate level of administration fees for servicing the loans has been recognized.

9<br>.	Investments in associates

The Bank had significant investments in the following

associates:

										As at
										January 31<br>2023		October 31<br>2022
($ millions)	Country of<br>incorporation		Nature of<br>business		Ownership<br>percentage			Date of financial<br>statements<br>(1)		Carrying<br>value		Carrying<br>value
Canadian Tire Financial Services business (CTFS)<br>(2)		Canada		Financial Services		20.00	%		December 31, 2022	$	565	$	579
Bank of Xi’an Co. Ltd.<br>(3)		China		Banking		18.11	%		December 31, 2022		1,077		1,007
Maduro & Curiel’s Bank N.V.<br>(4)		Curacao		Banking		48.10	%		December 31, 2022		437		438
(1)	Represents the date of the most recent financial statements made available to the Bank by the associates’ management.
---	---
(2)	Canadian Tire has an option to sell to the Bank up to an additional 29% equity interest until the end of the 10th anniversary (October 1, 2024) at the then fair value, that can be settled, at the Bank’s discretion, by issuance of common shares or cash. After October 1, 2024 for a period of six months, the Bank has the option to sell its equity interest back to Canadian Tire at the then fair value.
---	---
(3)	Based on the quoted price on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, the Bank’s Investment in Bank of Xi’an Co. Ltd. was $<br>556<br><br>(October 31, 2022 – $489<br>). The market value of the investment has remained below the carrying amount. The Bank performed an impairment test as at January 31, 2023 using a value in use <br>(VIU),<br> discounted cash flow model. The Bank concluded that there is no impairment as at January 31, 2023.
---	---
(4)	The local regulator requires financial institutions to set aside reserves for general banking risks. These reserves are not required under IFRS, and represent undistributed retained earnings related to a foreign associated corporation, which are subject to local regulatory restrictions. As of January 31, 2023, these reserves amounted to $66 (October 31, 2022 – $67).
---	---

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1<br>0<br>.	Deposits
	As at
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
	January 31, 2023														October 31<br>2022
	Payable on demand<br>(1)				Payable<br><br>after<br>notice<br>(2)
($ millions)	Interest-<br>bearing		Non-interest-<br><br>bearing					Payable on a<br>fixed date<br>(3)			Total			Total
Personal	$	6,331	$	10,351	$	151,192			$	107,005		$	274,879		$	265,892
Business and government		164,460		34,293		40,106				382,881			621,740			597,617
Financial institutions		11,994		1,181		1,800				38,293			53,268			52,672
	$	182,785	$	45,825	$	193,098	(4)		$	528,179		$	949,887		$	916,181
Recorded in:
Canada	$	130,716	$	25,910	$	161,145			$	352,858		$	670,629		$	642,977
United States		41,369		81		136				62,684			104,270			104,984
United Kingdom		–		–		409				24,950			25,359			24,243
Mexico		–		6,871		8,729				18,525			34,125			31,841
Peru		5,187		251		5,137				5,345			15,920			16,439
Chile		1,471		5,312		176				18,171			25,130			22,105
Colombia		33		486		4,674				3,827			9,020			8,211
Other International		4,009		6,914		12,692				41,819			65,434			65,381
Total<br>(5)	$	182,785	$	45,825	$	193,098			$	528,179		$	949,887		$	916,181
(1)	Deposits payable on demand include all deposits for which we do not have the right to notice of withdrawal, generally chequing accounts.
---	---
(2)	Deposits payable after notice include all deposits for which we require notice of withdrawal, generally savings accounts.
---	---
(3)	All deposits that mature on a specified date, generally term deposits, guaranteed investments certificates and similar instruments.
---	---
(4)	Includes $138<br><br>(October 31, 2022 – $156) of <br>non-interest-bearing<br> deposits.
---	---
(5)	Deposits denominated in U.S. dollars amount to $335,247<br><br>(October 31, 2022 – $326,041), deposits denominated in Chilean pesos amount to $21,103 (October 31, 2022 – $18,740), deposits denominated in Mexican pesos amount to $31,034 (October 31, 2022 – $29,269) and deposits denominated in other foreign currencies amount to $115,591 (October 31, 2022 – $106,817).
---	---

The following table presents the maturity schedule for term deposits in Canada greater than $100,000 (1) .

($ millions)	Within<br> three months		Three to<br> six months		Six to<br> twelve months		One to<br> five years		Over<br> five years		Total
As at January 31, 2023	$	67,485	$	34,684	$	68,819	$	122,864	$	18,049	$	311,901
As at October 31, 2022	$	53,656	$	36,035	$	62,891	$	110,015	$	21,440	$	284,037
(1)	The majority of foreign term deposits are in excess of $100,000.
---	---
1<br>1<br>.	Capital and financing transactions
---	---

Subordinated debentures

On December 20, 2022, the Bank issued JPY 33 billion 1.800% Fixed Rate Resetting Subordinated Debentures due December 20, 2032 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)). The debentures are subject to optional redemption by the Bank on December 20, 2027. Interest will be payable semi-annually at a rate of 1.800% per annum from and including the issue date to, but excluding, December 20, 2027, and thereafter to, but excluding, December 20, 2032, at the reference Japanese Government Bond rate plus 1.681%. The debentures contain NVCC provisions necessary to qualify as Tier 2 regulatory capital under Basel III.

Common shares

Normal Course Issuer Bid

32.9 million common shares at a volume weighted average price of $87.28 per share for a total amount of $2,873 million. These repurchases were carried out prior to October 31, 2022.

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1<br>2<br>.	Capital management

The Bank’s regulatory capital, total loss absorbing capacity and leverage measures were as

follows:

	As at
($ millions)	January 31<br>2023			October 31<br>2022
Capital<br>(1)
Common Equity Tier 1 capital	$	54,138		$	53,081
Net Tier 1 capital		62,317			61,262
Total regulatory capital		71,867			70,710
Total loss absorbing capacity (TLAC)<br>(2)		131,433			126,565
Risk-weighted assets/exposures used in calculation of capital ratios
Risk-weighted assets<br>(1)(3)	$	471,528		$	462,448
Leverage exposures<br>(4)		1,468,559			1,445,619
Regulatory ratios<br>(1)
Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio		11.5	%		11.5	%
Tier 1 capital ratio		13.2	%		13.2	%
Total capital ratio		15.2	%		15.3	%
Total loss absorbing capacity ratio<br>(2)		27.9	%		27.4	%
Leverage ratio<br>(4)		4.2	%		4.2	%
Total loss absorbing capacity leverage ratio<br>(2)		8.9	%		8.8	%
(1)	This measure has been disclosed in this document in accordance with OSFI Guideline – Capital Adequacy Requirements (November 2018).
---	---
(2)	This measure has been disclosed in this document in accordance with OSFI Guideline – Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (September 2018).
---	---
(3)	As at January 31, 2023 and October 31, 2022, the Bank did not have a regulatory capital floor <br>add-on<br> for CET1, Tier 1, Total capital and TLAC RWA.
---	---
(4)	This measure has been disclosed in this document in accordance with OSFI Guideline – Leverage Requirements (November 2018).
---	---

The Bank substantially exceeded the OSFI minimum regulatory capital and TLAC ratios as at January 31, 2023, including the Domestic Stability Buffer requirement. In addition, the Bank substantially exceeded OSFI minimum leverage and TLAC leverage ratios as at January 31, 2023.

1<br>3<br>.	Share-based payments

During the first quarter, the Bank granted 2,478,138 options with an exercise price of $68.58 per option and a weighted average fair value of $6.81 to select employees, under the terms of the Employee Stock Option Plan. These stock options vest 50% at the end of the third year and 50% at the end of the fourth year. Options granted prior to December 2014 vest evenly over a four-year period.

The Bank recorded an increase to equity – other reserves of $9 million for the three months ended January 31, 2023 (January 31, 2022 – $6 million) as a result of equity-classified share-based payment expense.

1<br>4<br>.	Employee benefits

Employee benefits include pensions, other post-retirement benefits, and post-employment benefits. The following table summarizes the expenses for the Bank’s principal plans (1) .

	For the three months ended
	Pension plans						Other benefit plans
($ millions)	January 31<br>2023			January 31<br>2022			January 31<br>2023			January 31<br>2022
Defined benefit service cost	$	55		$	79		$	5		$	5
Interest on net defined benefit (asset) liability		(9	)		(1	)		16			12
Other		3			4			2			(2	)
Defined benefit expense	$	49		$	82		$	23		$	15
Defined contribution expense	$	37		$	30			–			–
Increase (Decrease) in other comprehensive income related to employee benefits<br>(2)	$	(170	)	$	109		$	(49	)	$	39
(1)	Other plans operated by certain subsidiaries of the Bank are not considered material and are not included in this note.
---	---
(2)	Changes in discount rates and return on plan assets are reviewed and updated on a quarterly basis. In the absence of legislated changes, all other assumptions are updated annually.
---	---
15.	Operating segments
---	---

Scotiabank is a diversified financial services institution that provides a wide range of financial products and services to retail, commercial and corporate customers around the world. The Bank’s businesses are grouped into four business lines: Canadian Banking, International Banking, Global Wealth Management and Global Banking and Markets. Other smaller business segments are included in the Other segment. The results of these business segments are based upon the internal financial reporting systems of the Bank. The accounting policies used in these segments are generally consistent with those followed in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements as disclosed in Note 3 of the Bank’s audited consolidated financial statements in the 2022 Annual Report. Notable accounting measurement differences are:

•	tax normalization adjustments related to the <br>gross-up<br> of income from associated corporations. This adjustment normalizes the effective tax rate in the divisions to better present the contribution of the associated companies to the divisional results.
•	the grossing up of <br>tax-exempt<br> net interest income and <br>non-interest<br> income to an equivalent <br>before-tax<br> basis for those affected segments. This change in measurement enables comparison of net interest income and <br>non-interest<br> income arising from taxable and <br>tax-exempt<br> sources.
---	---

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Scotiabank’s results, and average assets and liabilities, allocated by these operating segments, are as

follows:

	For the three months ended January 31, 2023
Taxable equivalent basis <br>($ millions)	Canadian<br> Banking		International<br> Banking		Global<br> Wealth<br> Management		Global<br> Banking and<br> Markets		Other<br>(1)			Total
Net interest income<br>(2)	$	2,386	$	1,899	$	213	$	454	$	(383	)	$	4,569
Non-interest<br> income<br>(3)(4)		778		802		1,110		1,049		(328	)		3,411
Total revenues		3,164		2,701		1,323		1,503		(711	)		7,980
Provision for credit losses		218		404		1		15		–			638
Non-interest<br> expenses		1,449		1,436		802		773		4			4,464
Provision for income taxes		410		169		133		196		198			1,106
Net income	$	1,087	$	692	$	387	$	519	$	(913	)	$	1,772
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interests in <br>subsidiaries	$	–	$	38	$	2	$	–	$	–		$	40
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	1,087	$	654	$	385	$	519	$	(913	)	$	1,732
Average assets<br>($ billions)	$	450	$	228	$	34	$	481	$	187		$	1,380
Average liabilities<br>($ billions)	$	357	$	169	$	42	$	455	$	282		$	1,305
(1)	Includes all other smaller operating segments and corporate adjustments, such as the elimination of the <br>tax-exempt<br> income <br>gross-up<br> reported in net interest income and <br>non-interest<br> income and provision for income taxes of $120 to arrive at the amounts reported in the Consolidated Statement of Income and differences in the actual amount of costs incurred and charged to the operating segments.
---	---
(2)	Interest income is reported net of interest expense as management relies primarily on net interest income as a performance measure.
---	---
(3)	Card revenues and Banking services fees are mainly earned in Canadian and International Banking. Mutual fund, Brokerage fees and Investment management and trust fees are primarily earned in Global Wealth Management. Underwriting and other advisory fees are predominantly earned in Global Banking and Markets.
---	---
(4)	Includes income (on a taxable equivalent basis) from investments in associated corporations for Canadian Banking – $15; International Banking – $63, Global Wealth Management – $3, and Other – $(65).
---	---
	For the three months ended October 31, 2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Taxable equivalent basis<br>($ millions)	Canadian<br> Banking		International<br> Banking		Global<br> Wealth<br> Management		Global<br> Banking and<br> Markets		Other<br>(1)			Total
Net interest income<br>(<br>2<br>)	$	2,363	$	1,806	$	206	$	492	$	(245	)	$	4,622
Non-interest<br> income<br>(<br>3<br>)(<br>4<br>)		771		698		1,083		862		(410	)		3,004
Total revenues		3,134		2,504		1,289		1,354		(655	)		7,626
Provision for credit losses		163		355		1		11		(1	)		529
Non-interest<br> expenses		1,397		1,364		798		696		274			4,529
Provision for income taxes		404		106		127		163		(325	)		475
Net income	$	1,170	$	679	$	363	$	484	$	(603	)	$	2,093
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interests in<br><br>subsidiaries	$	–	$	36	$	2	$	–	$	–		$	38
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	1,170	$	643	$	361	$	484	$	(603	)	$	2,055
Average assets<br>($ billions)	$	446	$	217	$	34	$	461	$	175		$	1,333
Average liabilities <br>($ billions)	$	347	$	160	$	44	$	430	$	278		$	1,259
(1)	Includes all other smaller operating segments and corporate adjustments, such as the elimination of the <br>tax-exempt<br> income <br>gross-up<br> reported in net interest income and <br>non-interest<br> income and provision for income taxes of $99 to arrive at the amounts reported in the Consolidated Statement of Income and differences in the actual amount of costs incurred and charged to the operating segments.
---	---
(2)	Interest income is reported net of interest expense as management relies primarily on net interest income as a performance measure.
---	---
(3)	Card revenues and Banking services fees are mainly earned in Canadian and International Banking. Mutual fund, Brokerage fees and Investment management and trust fees are primarily earned in Global Wealth Management. Underwriting and other advisory fees are predominantly earned in Global Banking and Markets.
---	---
(4)	Includes income (on a taxable equivalent basis) from investments in associated corporations for Canadian Banking – $23; International Banking – $51, Global Wealth Management – $5, and Other – $(30).
---	---

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	For the three months ended January 31, 2022
Taxable equivalent basis<br>($ millions)	Canadian<br> Banking			International<br> Banking		Global<br> Wealth<br> Management			Global<br> Banking and<br> Markets			Other<br>(1)			Total
Net interest income<br>(2)	$	2,133		$	1,648	$	174		$	373		$	16		$	4,344
Non-interest<br> income<br>(3)(4)		741			749		1,248			1,031			(64	)		3,705
Total revenues		2,874			2,397		1,422			1,404			(48	)		8,049
Provision for credit losses		(35	)		274		(1	)		(16	)		–			222
Non-interest<br> expenses		1,282			1,285		862			670			124			4,223
Provision for income taxes		426			208		146			189			(105	)		864
Net income	$	1,201		$	630	$	415		$	561		$	(67	)	$	2,740
Net income attributable to <br>non-controlling<br> interests in subsidiaries	$	–		$	85	$	3		$	–		$	–		$	88
Net income attributable to equity holders of the Bank	$	1,201		$	545	$	412		$	561		$	(67	)	$	2,652
Average assets <br>($ billions)	$	412		$	196	$	31		$	444		$	156		$	1,239
Average liabilities <br>($ billions)	$	320		$	144	$	47		$	407		$	247		$	1,165
(1)	Includes all other smaller operating segments and corporate adjustments, such as the elimination of the <br>tax-exempt<br> income <br>gross-up<br> reported in net interest income and <br>non-interest<br> income and provision for income taxes of $92 to arrive at the amounts reported in the Consolidated Statement of Income and differences in the actual amount of costs incurred and charged to the operating segments.
---	---
(2)	Interest income is reported net of interest expense as management relies primarily on net interest income as a performance measure.
---	---
(3)	Card revenues and Banking services fees are mainly earned in Canadian and International Banking. Mutual fund, Brokerage fees and Investment management and trust fees are primarily earned in Global Wealth Management. Underwriting and other advisory fees are predominantly earned in Global Banking and Markets.
---	---
(4)	Includes income (on a taxable equivalent basis) from investments in associated corporations for Canadian Banking – $8; International Banking – $68, Global Wealth Management – $1, and Other – $14.
---	---
16.	Interest income and expense
---	---
	For the three months ended
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
	January 31, 2023						October 31, 2022						January 31, 2022
($ millions)	Interest<br>income			Interest<br>expense			Interest<br>income			Interest<br>expense			Interest<br>income			Interest<br>expense
Measured at amortized cost<br>(1)	$	11,897		$	8,545		$	10,058		$	6,454		$	6,150		$	2,069
Measured at FVOCI<br>(1)		813			–			645			–			181			–
		12,710			8,545			10,703			6,454			6,331			2,069
Other		446	(2)		42	(3)		415	(2)		42	(3)		132	(2)		50	(3)
Total	$	13,156		$	8,587		$	11,118		$	6,496		$	6,463		$	2,119
(1)	The interest income/expense on financial assets/liabilities are calculated using the effective interest method.
---	---
(2)	Includes dividend income on equity securities.
---	---
(3)	Includes interest on lease liabilities for the three months ended January 31, 2023 of<br><br>$<br><br><br><br>26<br><br>(October 31, 2022 – $<br><br>27<br><br>; January 31, 2022 – $<br><br>27<br><br>).
---	---
17.	Earnings per share
---	---
	For the three months ended
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
($ millions)	January 31<br>2023			October 31<br>2022		January 31<br>2022
Basic earnings per common share
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	1,631		$	1,949	$	2,608
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding <br>(millions)		1,192			1,192		1,211
Basic earnings per common share<br>(1)<br><br>(in dollars)	$	1.37		$	1.64	$	2.15
Diluted earnings per common share
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	1,631		$	1,949	$	2,608
Dilutive impact of share-based payment options and others<br>(2)		(4	)		4		24
Net income attributable to common shareholders (diluted)	$	1,627		$	1,953	$	2,632
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding <br>(millions)		1,192			1,192		1,211
Dilutive impact of share-based payment options and others<br>(2)<br><br>(millions)		7			7		19
Weighted average number of diluted common shares outstanding <br>(millions)		1,199			1,199		1,230
Diluted earnings per common share<br>(1)<br><br>(in dollars)	$	1.36		$	1.63	$	2.14
(1)	Earnings per share calculations are based on full dollar and share amounts.
---	---
(2)	Certain options as well as acquisition-related put/call options that the Bank may settle at its own discretion by issuing common shares were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share as they were anti-dilutive.
---	---

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18.	Financial instruments

(a) Risk management

The Bank’s principal business activities result in a balance sheet that consists primarily of financial instruments. In addition, the Bank uses derivative financial instruments for both trading and hedging purposes. The principal financial risks that arise from transacting financial instruments include credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk. The Bank’s framework to monitor, evaluate and manage these risks is consistent with that in place as at October 31, 2022.

(i) Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of loss resulting from the failure of a borrower or counterparty to honour its financial or contractual obligations to the Bank.

Credit risk exposures disclosed below are presented based on the Basel framework utilized by the Bank. The Bank uses the Advanced Internal Ratings-Based approach (AIRB) for all material Canadian, U.S. and European portfolios, and for a significant portion of the international corporate and commercial portfolios. The remaining portfolios, including other international portfolios, are treated under the standardized approach. Under the AIRB approach, the Bank uses internal risk parameter estimates, based on historical experience.

Under the standardized approach, credit risk is estimated using the risk weights as prescribed by the Basel framework, either based on credit assessments by external rating agencies or based on the counterparty type for non-retail exposures and product type for retail exposures.

Exposure at default<br>(1)	As at
	January 31, 2023						October 31<br>2022
($ millions)	AIRB		Standardized		Total		Total
By exposure sub-type
Non-retail
Drawn<br>(2)(3)	$	491,347	$	62,157	$	553,504	$	534,978
Undrawn commitments		129,035		3,149		132,184		132,195
Other exposures<br>(4)		123,432		8,551		131,983		130,471
Total non-retail	$	743,814	$	73,857	$	817,671	$	797,644
Retail<br><br>(5)
Drawn	$	284,232	$	116,036	$	400,268	$	392,143
Undrawn commitments		58,330		863		59,193		57,913
Total retail	$	342,562	$	116,899	$	459,461	$	450,056
Total	$	1,086,376	$	190,756	$	1,277,132	$	1,247,700
(1)	After credit risk mitigation and excludes equity securities and other assets.
---	---
(2)	Non-retail AIRB drawn exposures include government guaranteed and privately insured mortgages.
---	---
(3)	Non-retail drawn includes loans, bankers’ acceptances, deposits with financial institutions and FVOCI debt securities.
---	---
(4)	Includes off-balance sheet lending instruments such as letters of credit, letters of guarantee, securitizations, over-the-counter derivatives and repo-style transactions net of related collateral.
---	---
(5)	Retail includes residential mortgages, credit cards, lines of credit, other personal loans and small business treated as other regulatory retail.
---	---

Credit quality of non-retail exposures

The Bank’s non-retail portfolio is well diversified by industry. A significant portion of the authorized corporate and commercial lending portfolio was internally assessed at a grade that would generally equate to an investment grade rating by external rating agencies. There has not been a significant change in concentrations of credit risk since October 31, 2022.

Credit quality of retail exposures

The Bank’s retail portfolios consist of a number of relatively small loans to a large number of borrowers. The portfolios are distributed across Canada and a wide range of countries. As such, the portfolios inherently have a high degree of diversification. In addition, as of January 31, 2023, 27% (October 31, 2022 – 28%) of the Canadian residential mortgage portfolio is insured. The average loan-to-value ratio of the uninsured portion of the Canadian residential mortgage portfolio is 52% (October 31, 2022 – 49%).

Retail standardized portfolio

The retail standardized portfolio of $117 billion as at January 31, 2023 (October 31, 2022 – $111 billion) was comprised of residential mortgages, personal loans, credit cards and lines of credit to individuals, mainly in Latin America and the Caribbean. Of the total retail standardized exposures, $67 billion (October 31, 2022 – $63 billion) was represented by mortgages and loans secured by residential real estate, mostly with a loan-to-value ratio of below 80%.

(ii) Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Bank is unable to meet its financial obligations in a timely manner at reasonable prices. The Bank’s liquidity risk is subject to extensive risk management controls and is managed within the framework of policies and limits approved by the Board. The Board receives reports on risk exposures and performance against approved limits. The Asset/Liability Committee (ALCO) provides senior management oversight of liquidity risk.

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CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The key elements of the Bank’s liquidity risk management framework include:

•	liquidity risk measurement and management limits, including limits on maximum net cash outflow by currency over specified short-term horizons;
•	prudent diversification of its wholesale funding activities by using a number of different funding programs to access the global financial markets and manage its maturity profile, as appropriate;
---	---
•	large holdings of liquid assets to support its operations, which can generally be sold or pledged to meet the Bank’s obligations;
---	---
•	liquidity stress testing, including Bank-specific, global-systemic, and combination systemic/specific scenarios; and
---	---
•	liquidity contingency planning.
---	---

The Bank’s foreign operations have liquidity management frameworks that are similar to the Bank’s framework. Local deposits are managed from a liquidity risk perspective based on the local management frameworks and regulatory requirements.

(iii) Market risk

Market risk arises from changes in market prices and rates (including interest rates, credit spreads, equity prices, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices), the correlations among them, and their levels of volatility.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is the risk of loss due to the following: changes in the level, slope and curvature of the yield curve; the volatility of interest rates and changes in customers’ preferences (e.g. mortgage prepayment rates).

Non-trading foreign currency risk

Foreign currency risk is the risk of loss due to changes in spot and forward rates.

As at January 31, 2023, a one per cent increase (decrease) in the Canadian dollar against all currencies in which the Bank operates decreases (increases) the Bank’s before-tax annual earnings by approximately $59 million (October 31, 2022 – $55 million; January 31, 2022 – $44

million) in the absence of hedging activity, due primarily from exposure to U.S. dollars.

A similar change in the Canadian dollar as at January 31, 2023, would increase (decrease) the unrealized foreign currency translation losses in the accumulated other comprehensive income section of shareholders’ equity by approximately $316 million (October 31, 2022 – $308 million; January 31, 2022 – $329 million), net of hedging.

Non-trading equity risk

Equity risk is the risk of loss due to adv e rse movements in equity prices. The Bank is exposed to equity risk through its investment equity portfolios. The fair value of investment equity securities is shown in Note 7.

Trading portfolio risk management

The table below shows the Bank’s VaR by risk factor along with Stressed VaR:

	For the three months ended							As at			As at
	January 31, 2023<br>(1)							January 31			October 31			January 31
($ millions)	Average			High		Low		2023			2022			2022
Credit spread plus interest rate	$	13.8		$	19.4	$	9.0	$	10.8		$	9.3		$	14.0
Credit spread		7.5			10.0		3.8		6.1			7.7			5.9
Interest rate		13.1			19.8		7.5		11.4			8.4			14.1
Equities		3.5			4.7		2.5		4.7			3.4			2.2
Foreign exchange		2.1			4.9		0.9		4.9			1.5			1.4
Commodities		4.6			6.9		2.9		6.5			5.2			1.7
Debt specific		3.8			4.8		3.0		3.0			4.6			2.0
Diversification effect		(12.7	)		–		–		(17.2	)		(10.6	)		(7.4	)
Total VaR	$	15.1		$	19.4	$	11.9	$	12.7		$	13.4		$	13.9
Total Stressed VaR	$	45.1		$	64.4	$	22.3	$	40.7		$	27.4		$	24.7
(1)	In Q1 2023, the 2019/2020 COVID period was used to generate the Stressed VaR. In the prior periods, the Stressed VaR was calculated using the 2008/2009 credit crisis period.
---	---

(b) Financial instruments designated at fair value through profit or loss

In accordance with its risk management strategy, the Bank has elected to designate certain senior note liabilities at fair value through profit or loss to reduce an accounting mismatch between fair value changes in these instruments and fair value changes in related derivatives, and where a hybrid financial liability contains one or more embedded derivatives that are not closely related to the host contract. Changes in fair value of financial liabilities arising from the Bank’s own credit risk are recognized in other comprehensive income, without subsequent reclassification to net income.

The cumulative fair value adjustment due to own credit risk is determined at a point in time by comparing the present value of expected future cash flows over the term of these liabilities discounted at the Bank’s effective funding rate, and the present value of expected future cash flows discounted

a benchmark rate.

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The following table presents the fair value of liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss and their changes in fair value.

	Fair value				Change in fair value						Cumulative change in fair value<br>(1)
	As at				For the three months ended								As at
($ millions)	January 31<br>2023		October 31<br>2022		January 31<br>2023		October 31<br>2022		January 31<br>2022		January 31<br>2023		October 31<br>2022		January 31<br>2022
Liabilities
Senior note liabilities<br>(2)	$	26,583	$	22,421	$	(3,524)	$	3,483	$	902	$	4,369	$	7,893	$	195
(1)	The cumulative change in fair value is measured from the instruments’ date of initial recognition.
---	---
(2)	Changes in fair value attributable to changes in the Bank’s own credit risk are recorded in other comprehensive income. Other changes in fair value are recorded in non-interest income – trading revenues. The offsetting fair value changes from associated derivatives is also recorded in non-interest income – trading revenues.
---	---

The following table presents the changes in fair value attributable to changes in the Bank’s own credit risk for financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss as well as their contractual maturity and carrying amounts.


( millions)	Contractual<br>maturity<br>amount		Carrying value		Difference<br>between<br>carrying<br>value and<br>contractual<br>maturity<br>amount	Changes in fair value<br>for the three<br>month period<br>attributable to<br>changes in own<br>credit risk<br>recorded in other<br>comprehensive<br>income			Cumulative changes<br>in fair value<br>attributable to<br>changes in own<br>credit risk<br>(1)
As at January 31, 2023	30,952	$	26,583	$	4,369	$ (1,090	)	$	139
As at October 31, 2022	30,314		22,421		7,893	373			1,229
As at January 31, 2022	24,174		23,979		195	231			(498	)

All values are in US Dollars.

(1)	The cumulative change in fair value is measured from the instruments’ date of initial recognition.

Fair value of financial instruments

The calculation of fair value is based on market conditions at a specific point in time and therefore may not be reflective of future fair values. The Bank has controls and processes in place to ensure that the valuation of financial instruments is appropriately determined.

Refer to Note 7 of the Bank’s audited consolidated financial statements in the 2022 Annual Report for the valuation techniques used to fair value its significant financial assets and liabilities.

The following table sets out the fair values of financial instruments of the Bank and excludes non-financial assets, such as property and equipment, investments in associates, precious metals, goodwill and other intangible assets.

	As at
	January 31, 2023				October 31, 2022
($ millions)	Total fair<br>value		Total<br>carrying<br>value		Total fair<br>value		Total<br>carrying<br>value
Assets:
Cash and deposits with financial institutions	$	81,386	$	81,386	$	65,895	$	65,895
Trading assets		116,346		116,346		113,154		113,154
Securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed		178,690		178,690		175,313		175,313
Derivative financial instruments		44,820		44,820		55,699		55,699
Investment securities – FVOCI and FVTPL		86,809		86,809		86,398		86,398
Investment securities – amortized cost		23,206		24,195		22,443		23,610
Loans		739,659		755,157		729,149		744,987
Customers’ liability under acceptances		21,872		21,872		19,494		19,494
Other financial assets		25,049		25,049		27,394		27,394
Liabilities:
Deposits		940,543		949,887		904,033		916,181
Financial instruments designated at fair value through profit or loss		26,583		26,583		22,421		22,421
Acceptances		21,912		21,912		19,525		19,525
Obligations related to securities sold short		43,439		43,439		40,449		40,449
Derivative financial instruments		52,746		52,746		65,900		65,900
Obligations related to securities sold under repurchase agreements and securities lent		132,206		132,206		139,025		139,025
Subordinated debentures		8,524		8,713		8,038		8,469
Other financial liabilities		47,862		48,697		45,723		46,682

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(d) Fair value hierarchy

The best evidence of fair value for a financial instrument is the quoted price in an active market. Unadjusted quoted market prices for identical instruments represent a Level 1 valuation. Where possible, valuations are based on quoted prices or observable inputs obtained from active markets.

Quoted prices are not always available for over-the-counter transactions, as well as transactions in inactive or illiquid markets. In these instances, internal models that maximize the use of observable inputs are used to estimate fair value. The chosen valuation technique incorporates all the factors that market participants would take into account in pricing a transaction. When all significant inputs to models are observable, the valuation is classified as Level 2. Financial instruments traded in a less active market are valued using indicative market prices or other valuation techniques. Fair value estimates do not consider forced or liquidation sales.

Where financial instruments trade in inactive markets, illiquid markets or when using models where observable parameters do not exist, greater management judgment is required for valuation purposes. Valuations that require the significant use of unobservable inputs are classified as Level 3.

The following table outlines the fair value hierarchy and instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis.

	As at
	January 31, 2023								October 31, 2022
($ millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Precious metals<br>(1)	$	–	$	725	$	–	$	725	$	–	$	543	$	–	$	543
Trading assets
Loans		–		7,641		1		7,642		–		7,811		–		7,811
Canadian federal government and government guaranteed debt		11,541		4,407		–		15,948		10,139		4,595		–		14,734
Canadian provincial and municipal debt		4,497		4,798		–		9,295		4,299		5,978		–		10,277
U.S. treasury and other U.S. agencies’ debt		11,488		–		–		11,488		11,957		–		–		11,957
Other foreign governments’ debt		187		8,676		–		8,863		15		8,287		–		8,302
Corporate and other debt		2,643		7,992		6		10,641		2,367		8,976		1		11,344
Equity securities		50,362		110		28		50,500		46,698		224		11		46,933
Other		–		1,969		–		1,969		–		1,796		–		1,796
	$	80,718	$	35,593	$	35	$	116,346	$	75,475	$	37,667	$	12	$	113,154
Investment securities<br>(2)
Canadian federal government and government guaranteed debt	$	5,008	$	4,854	$	–	$	9,862	$	4,947	$	6,055	$	–	$	11,002
Canadian provincial and municipal debt		2,480		3,945		–		6,425		2,029		3,400		–		5,429
U.S. treasury and other U.S. agencies’ debt		32,223		2,612		–		34,835		32,412		2,824		–		35,236
Other foreign governments’ debt		3,153		26,155		–		29,308		3,217		24,487		–		27,704
Corporate and other debt		–		2,011		53		2,064		40		1,874		48		1,962
Equity securities		2,442		217		1,656		4,315		3,210		215		1,640		5,065
	$	45,306	$	39,794	$	1,709	$	86,809	$	45,855	$	38,855	$	1,688	$	86,398
Derivative financial instruments
Interest rate contracts	$	–	$	13,698	$	12	$	13,710	$	–	$	15,193	$	17	$	15,210
Foreign exchange and gold contracts		–		25,406		–		25,406		–		32,223		–		32,223
Equity contracts		62		2,309		25		2,396		332		2,209		20		2,561
Credit contracts		–		517		4		521		–		780		–		780
Commodity contracts		–		2,774		13		2,787		–		4,912		13		4,925
	$	62	$	44,704	$	54	$	44,820	$	332	$	55,317	$	50	$	55,699
Liabilities:
Deposits	$	–	$	104	$	–	$	104	$	–	$	15	$	–	$	15
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss		–		26,583		–		26,583		–		22,421		–		22,421
Obligations related to securities sold short		38,104		5,329		6		43,439		35,059		5,387		3		40,449
Derivative financial instruments
Interest rate contracts		–		19,865		12		19,877		–		22,842		12		22,854
Foreign exchange and gold contracts		–		28,000		–		28,000		–		35,634		–		35,634
Equity contracts		152		2,834		22		3,008		636		3,063		21		3,720
Credit contracts		–		20		2		22		–		25		–		25
Commodity contracts		–		1,833		6		1,839		–		3,660		7		3,667
	$	152	$	52,552	$	42	$	52,746	$	636	$	65,224	$	40	$	65,900
(1)	The fair value of precious metals is determined based on quoted market prices and forward spot prices, where applicable, less the cost to sell.
---	---
(2)	Excludes debt investment securities measured at amortized cost of $24,195 (October 31, 2022 – $23,610).
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CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Level 3 instrument fair value changes

Financial instruments categorized as Level 3 as at January 31, 2023, in the fair value hierarchy comprise certain trading loans, structured corporate bonds, equity securities, complex derivatives and obligations related to securities sold short.

The following table summarizes the changes in Level 3 instruments carried at fair value for the three months ended January 31, 2023.

All positive balances represent assets and negative balances represent liabilities. Consequently, positive amounts indicate purchases of assets or settlements of liabilities and negative amounts indicate sales of assets or issuances of liabilities.


( millions)	Fair<br>value,<br>beginning<br>of the<br>quarter			Gains/<br>(losses)<br>recorded<br>in income			Gains/<br>(losses)<br>recorded<br>in OCI		Purchases/<br>Issuances			Sales/<br>Settlements			Transfers<br>into/out<br>of Level 3			Fair<br>value, end<br>of the<br>quarter			Changes in<br>unrealized<br>gains/(losses)<br>recorded in<br>income for<br>instruments<br>still held<br>(1)
Trading assets
Loans	–		$	–		$	–	$	–		$	–		$	1		$	1		$	–
Corporate and other debt	1			–			–		–			–			5			6			–
Equity securities	11			–			–		–			(5	)		22			28			–
	12			–			–		–			(5	)		28			35			–
Investment securities
Corporate and other debt	48			–			5		–			–			–			53			–
Equity securities	1,640			10			5		47			(49	)		3			1,656			12
	1,688			10			10		47			(49	)		3			1,709			12
Derivative financial instruments – assets
Interest rate contracts	17			(2	)		–		3			(3	)		(3	)		12			(2	)
Equity contracts	20			(2	)		–		1			–			6			25			(2	)<br>(2)
Credit contracts	–			–			–		4			–			–			4			–
Commodity contracts	13			–			–		–			–			–			13			–
Derivative financial instruments – liabilities
Interest rate contracts	(12	)		–			–		–			–			–			(12	)		–	(3)
Equity contracts	(21	)		5			–		(10	)		–			4			(22	)		5	(2)
Credit contracts	–			–			–		(2	)		–			–			(2	)		–
Commodity contracts	(7	)		1			–		–			–			–			(6	)		1
	10			2			–		(4	)		(3	)		7			12			2
Obligations related to securities sold short	(3	)		–			–		–			2			(5	)		(6	)		–
Total	1,707		$	12		$	10	$	43		$	(55	)	$	33		$	1,750		$	14

All values are in US Dollars.

(1)	These amounts represent the gains and losses from fair value changes of Level 3 instruments still held at the end of the period that are recorded in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
(2)	Certain unrealized gains and losses on derivative assets and liabilities are largely offset by mark-to-market changes on other instruments included in trading revenues in the Consolidated Statement of Income, since these instruments act as an economic hedge to certain derivative assets and liabilities.
---	---
(3)	Certain unrealized losses on interest rate derivative contracts are largely offset by mark-to-market changes on embedded derivatives on certain deposit liabilities in the Consolidated Statement of Income.
---	---

The following table summarizes the changes in Level 3 instruments carried at fair value for the three months ended October 31, 2022.

	As at October 31, 2022
($ millions)	Fair value,<br> beginning<br> of the<br> quarter			Gains/<br> (losses)<br> recorded<br> in income<br>(1)			Gains/<br> (losses)<br> recorded<br> in OCI		Purchases/<br> Issuances			Sales/<br> Settlements			Transfers<br> into/<br> out of<br> Level 3			Fair value,<br> end of the<br> quarter
Trading assets	$	43		$	(1	)	$	–	$	–		$	(1	)	$	(29	)	$	12
Investment securities		1,735			74			–		56			(62	)		(115	)		1,688
Derivative financial instruments		25			(18	)		–		3			–			–			10
Financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss		(12	)		–			–		–			12			–			–
Obligations related to securities sold short		(3	)		–			–		(2	)		3			(1	)		(3	)
(1)	Gains or losses for items in Level 3 may be offset with losses or gains on related hedges in Level 1 or Level 2.
---	---

Significant transfers

Significant transfers can occur between the fair value hierarchy levels when additional or new information regarding valuation inputs and their refinement and observability become available. The Bank recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period during which the change has occurred.

The following significant transfers made between Level 1 and 2, were based on whether the fair value was determined using quoted market prices from an active market.

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CONDENSED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

During the three months ended January 31, 2023:

•	Trading assets of $909 million, investment securities of $459 million and obligations related to securities sold short of $247 million were transferred out of Level 2 into Level 1.
•	Trading assets of $496 million, investment securities of $512 million and obligations related to securities sold short of $136 million were transferred out of Level 1 into Level 2.
---	---

During the three months ended October 31, 2022:

•	Trading assets of $9,837 million, investment securities of $6,265<br><br>million and obligations related to securities sold short of $3,966 million were transferred out of Level 2 into Level 1.
•	Trading assets of $798 million, investment securities of $235 million and obligations related to securities sold short of $89 million were transferred out of Level 1 into Level 2.
---	---

There were no significant transfers into and out of Level 3 during the three months ended January 31, 2023.

During the three months ended October 31, 2022, Investments in other foreign governments’ debt of $120 million were transferred out of Level 3 into Level 2. Transfers were a result of the change in the observability of the price used for valuing the securities.

Level 3 sensitivity

The Bank applies judgment in determining unobservable inputs used to calculate the fair value of Level 3 instruments.

Refer to Note 7 of the Bank’s audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended October 31, 2022 for a description of the significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 instruments and the potential effect that a change in each unobservable input may have on the fair value measurement. There have been no significant changes to the Level 3 sensitivities during the quarter.

19.	Corporate income taxes

Tax Assessments

The Bank received reassessments totaling $1,515 million of tax and interest as a result of the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) denying the tax deductibility of certain Canadian dividends received during the 2011-2017 taxation years. The circumstances of the dividends subject to these reassessments are similar to those prospectively addressed by tax rules introduced in 2015 and 2018. The Bank has filed a Notice of Appeal with the Tax Court of Canada against the federal reassessment in respect of its 2011 taxation year.

A subsidiary of the Bank received withholding tax assessments from the CRA in respect of certain of its securities lending transactions for its 2014-2017 taxation years totaling $470 million of tax, penalties and

interest. On February 10, 2023, a further assessment of $83 million was received in respect of similar securities lending transactions for the 2018 taxation year.

In respect of both matters, the Bank is confident that its tax filing position was appropriate and in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act (Canada) and intends to vigorously defend its position.

Canadian Federal Tax Measures

% to the federal corporate income tax rate on their taxable income above $

100 million. For the CRD, “taxable income” is based on the average taxable income for the 2020 and 2021 taxation years. The CRD is payable in equal amounts over five years.

The increase in the Canadian statutory tax rate resulted in a benefit of $

million related to the 2022 taxation year, including the revaluation of the Bank’s deferred tax assets and liabilities. Of this amount, $

million was recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Income and the remainder in Other Comprehensive Income.

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SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

Direct Deposit Service

Shareholders may have dividends deposited directly into accounts held at financial institutions which are members of the Canadian Payments Association. To arrange direct deposit service, please write to the transfer agent.

Dividend and Share Purchase Plan

Scotiabank’s dividend reinvestment and share purchase plan allows common and preferred shareholders to purchase additional common shares by reinvesting their cash dividend without incurring brokerage or administrative fees.

As well, eligible shareholders may invest up to $20,000 each fiscal year to purchase additional common shares of the Bank. All administrative costs of the plan are paid by the Bank.

For more information on participation in the plan, please contact the transfer agent.

Dividend Dates for 2023

Record and payment dates for common and preferred shares, subject to approval by the Board of Directors.

Record Date	Payment Date
January 4, 2023	January 27, 2023
April 4, 2023	April 26, 2023
July 5, 2023	July 27, 2023
October 3, 2023	October 27, 2023

Annual Meeting

The Annual Meeting for fiscal year 2022 will be held on April 4, 2023 beginning at 9:00 a.m. (Eastern) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Please visit our website at https://www.scotiabank.com/annualmeeting for updates concerning the meeting.

Website

For information relating to Scotiabank and its services, visit us at our website: www.scotiabank.com.

Conference Call and Web Broadcast

The quarterly results conference call will take place on February 28, 2023, at 8:15 am EST and is expected to last approximately one hour. Interested parties are invited to access the call live, in listen-only mode, by telephone at 416-641-6104 or toll-free, at 1-800-952-5114 using ID 7307684# (please call shortly before 8:15 am EST). In addition, an audio webcast, with accompanying slide presentation, may be accessed via the Investor Relations page of www.scotiabank.com.

Following discussion of the results by Scotiabank executives, there will be a question and answer session. A telephone replay of the conference call will be available from February 28, 2023, to April 6, 2023, by calling 905-694-9451 or 1-800-408-3053 (North America toll-free) and entering the access code 1127377#.

Contact Information

Investors:

Financial Analysts, Portfolio Managers and other Institutional Investors requiring financial information, please contact Investor Relations, Finance Department:

Scotiabank

40 Temperance Street ,

Toronto, Ontario

Canada M5H 0B4

Telephone: (416) 775-0798

E-mail: investor.relations@scotiabank.com

Global Communications:

Scotiabank

40 Temperance Street, Toronto, Ontario

Canada M5H 0B4

E-mail: corporate.communications@scotiabank.com

Shareholders:

For enquiries related to changes in share registration or address, dividend information, lost share certificates, estate transfers, or to advise of duplicate mailings, please contact the Bank’s transfer agent:

Computershare Trust Company of Canada

100 University Avenue, 8th Floor

Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5J 2Y1

Telephone: 1-877-982-8767

E-mail: service@computershare.com

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SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION

Co-Transfer Agent (U.S.A.)

Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

Overnight Mail Delivery:

Computershare C/O: Shareholder Services

462 South 4th Street, Suite 1600

Louisville, KY 40202

First Class, Registered or Certified Mail Delivery:

Computershare C/O: Shareholder Services

P.O. Box 505000, Louisville, KY 40233-5000

Tel: 1-800-962-4284

E-mail: service@computershare.com

For other shareholder enquiries, please contact the Corporate Secretary’s Department:

Scotiabank

40 Temperance Street

Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5H 0B4

Telephone: (416) 866-3672

E-mail: corporate.secretary@scotiabank.com

Rapport trimestriel disponible en français

Le Rapport annuel et les états financiers de la Banque sont publiés en français et en anglais et distribués aux actionnaires dans la version de leur choix. Si vous préférez que la documentation vous concernant vous soit adressée en français, veuillez en informer Relations publiques, Affaires de la société et Affaires gouvernementales, La Banque de Nouvelle-Écosse, Scotia Plaza, 44, rue King Ouest, Toronto (Ontario), Canada M5H 1H1, en joignant, si possible, l’étiquette d’adresse, afin que nous puissions prendre note du changement.

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<br> <br><br> <br>The Bank of Nova Scotia is incorporated in Canada with limited liability.