8-K
CODEXIS, INC. (CDXS)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 OR 15(d)
of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): November 2, 2023
Codexis, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 001-34705 | 71-0872999 |
|---|---|---|
| (State or other jurisdiction<br> <br>of incorporation) | (Commission<br> <br>File Number) | (I.R.S. Employer<br> <br>Identification No.) |
200 Penobscot Drive
Redwood City, CA 94063
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(650) 421-8100
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):
| ☐ | Written communication pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
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| ☐ | Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
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| ☐ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
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| ☐ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of Each Class | Trading<br> <br>Symbols(s) | Name of Each Exchange<br> <br>on Which Registered |
|---|---|---|
| Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share | CDXS | The Nasdaq Global Select Market |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
| Item 2.02 | Results of Operations and Financial Conditions. |
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On November 2, 2023, Codexis, Inc. announced its financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. The full text of the press release issued in connection with the announcement is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.
The information contained in Item 2.02 of this Current Report on Form 8-K (including Exhibit 99.1) shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.
| Item 9.01 | Financial Statements and Exhibits. |
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(d) Exhibits.
| Exhibit<br> <br>Number | Description |
|---|---|
| 99.1 | Press release dated November 2, 2023 relating to the financial results for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document). |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
| CODEXIS, INC. | ||
|---|---|---|
| Date: November 2, 2023 | By: | /s/ Sriram Ryali |
| Sriram Ryali | ||
| Chief Financial Officer |
EX-99.1
Exhibit 99.1
Codexis Reports Third Quarter 2023 Financial Results
Company Remains on Track to Demonstrate Gram-Scale Synthesis with ECO Synthesis^™^Platform for RNAi Therapeutics Production by End of Year
Strong Financial Position Enables Projected Runway to Expected PositiveCash Flow Around End of 2026
Company to Host Virtual ECO Synthesis^™^Platform-Focused KOL Event on December 8, 2023, featuring John Maraganore
REDWOOD CITY, Calif., November 2, 2023 — Codexis, Inc. (NASDAQ: CDXS), a leading enzyme engineering company, today announced financial results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2023, and provided a business update.
“Over the past quarter, we have continued to deliver on our plan to reduce our cash burn and put ourselves in an enviable position of financial strength. Our core Pharmaceutical Manufacturing business generates cash, we have a potentially game-changing technology in the ECO Synthesis^™^ platform, and, importantly, we have the financial resources to execute on our plans,” said Stephen Dilly, MBBS, PhD, President and Chief Executive Officer of Codexis. “With our current balance sheet, we now expect to fund our planned operations to positive cash flow, which is anticipated around the end of 2026. We look forward to continuing to execute on our key milestones, including the demonstration of gram-scale synthesis with our ECO Synthesis^™^ platform by the end of this year.”
Third Quarter and Recent Business Highlights
| • | In July 2023, Codexis announced an update to its strategy to focus resources on programs with the strongest<br>probability of creating significant value in the near-term and beyond. Accordingly, the Company is prioritizing the advancement and commercialization of its Enzyme-Catalyzed Oligonucleotide (ECO) Synthesis^™^ technology platform, designed to enable the commercial-scale manufacture of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics, and its highly complementary Pharmaceutical Manufacturing business. The Company<br>also discontinued investment in certain development programs across Biotherapeutics and Life Sciences, consolidated operations to its headquarters in Redwood City, California and reduced headcount by approximately 25%. These actions enable a<br>potential path to positive cash flow around the end of 2026 based on the Company’s current planned operations. |
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| • | In September 2023, the Company announced it had executed an Assignment and Assumption of Lease for its San<br>Carlos, California location. As a result of consolidating operations, Codexis estimates it will realize cumulative cash savings of more than $30 million through 2031. |
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| • | In September 2023, Dr. Dilly was named winner of the prestigious 2023 Bloom Burton Award, which honors an<br>individual who made the greatest contribution to Canada’s innovative healthcare industry the previous year. Dr. Dilly was recognized for his leadership of Vancouver-headquartered Sierra Oncology, where he led the company through Phase<br>3 clinical development of momelotinib and its drive toward commercialization up until the company’s $1.9 billion acquisition by GSK. |
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| • | In November 2023, Codexis presented a technical update for its ECO Synthesis^™^ platform at the TIDES Europe annual meeting. The presentation focused on the Company’s broader enzyme evolution and process development efforts for both the iterative nucleotide addition<br>and the supply of critical nucleotide reagents. Driving for high volumetric productivity, data highlighted multiple, consecutive additions of 2’-modified RNA nucleotides to a growing oligonucleotide sequence, achieving significant coupling<br>efficiencies with immobilized enzymes. Additionally, proof-of-concept was presented for an enzymatic “one-pot, two-step” phosphorylation cascade to manufacture nucleotide reagents for supply with the ECO Synthesis^™^ platform. |
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Formation of Strategic Advisory Board (SAB) and Key Opinion Leader (KOL) Event on December 8, 2023
| • | The Company announced the formation of its SAB, chaired by Codexis Board Member Rahul Singhvi, ScD. This group<br>will play a pivotal role in guiding the Company’s strategic direction and offer valuable insights to inform the continued development of the ECO Synthesis^™^ platform. John Maraganore,<br>PhD, founder and former Chief Executive Officer of Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, has joined the SAB as the inaugural external member. Dr. Maraganore is a pioneer in the RNAi therapeutics space, having built and led Alnylam from an early research<br>platform through the global approval and commercialization of the first five RNAi therapeutic medicines. |
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| • | Codexis plans to host an ECO Synthesis^™^<br>platform-focused KOL event at 10:00 am ET on December 8, 2023. In addition to updates from Codexis leadership, the agenda will feature a presentation from John Maraganore. Dr. Maraganore will share his perspective on the role an enzymatic<br>solution like the ECO Synthesis^™^ platform would play in the existing RNAi therapeutics manufacturing landscape. |
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Key Upcoming Milestones
| • | The Company expects to achieve gram-scale synthesis with its ECO Synthesis^™^ technology platform by the end of 2023, where it will demonstrate the preparative-scale manufacture of an oligoribonucleotide, composed of modified nucleotide building blocks typically used in<br>RNAi therapeutics, under process-like conditions. This critical milestone provides a key point of technical validation to enable pre-commercial customer testing of the platform. |
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| • | Codexis anticipates that the ECO Synthesis^™^ platform<br>will enter pre-commercial testing with select customers in 2024. Feedback from this early access program will provide valuable insights and could lead to initial commercial licensing opportunities with those<br>customers in 2025. The full ECO Synthesis^™^ platform is expected to be widely available to customers in 2026. |
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| • | The Company anticipates making its newly engineered, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) ligase widely available for<br>customers in the second half of 2024. As part of Codexis’ initial market entry into the RNAi therapeutics space, the dsRNA ligase is designed to augment and improve traditional phosphoramidite chemistry by stitching together small, manufactured<br>strands of RNA. |
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Third Quarter 2023 Financial Highlights
| • | Total revenues, excluding enzyme sales related to<br>PAXLOVID^™^, decreased by 57% to $9.3 million for third quarter 2023 compared to $21.5 million in third quarter 2022. Including enzyme sales related to PAXLOVID^™^, total revenues were $9.3 million in third quarter 2023 compared to $34.5 million in third quarter 2022. On a segment basis, $8.7 million in revenue was from the Performance<br>Enzymes segment and $0.6 million was from Biotherapeutics in third quarter 2023. |
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| • | Product revenues, excluding enzyme sales related to<br>PAXLOVID^™^, decreased by 64% to $5.4 million for third quarter 2023 compared to $15.1 million in third quarter 2022. Including enzyme sales related to PAXLOVID^™^, product revenues were $5.4 million in third quarter 2023 compared to $28.0 million in third quarter 2022. |
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| • | R&D revenues for third quarter 2023 were $3.9 million compared to $6.4 million in third quarter<br>2022; the decrease was primarily due to lower research and development fees from existing collaboration agreements being recognized in 2023 as compared to the same period in the prior year. |
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| • | Product gross margin, excluding enzyme sales related to<br>PAXLOVID^™^, was 58% for third quarter 2023 compared to 55% in third quarter 2022. Including enzyme sales related to PAXLOVID^™^, product<br>gross margin for third quarter 2023 was 58% compared to 65% in third quarter 2022; the decrease was largely due to variability in product mix, partially offset by revenue recognized with no related cost in the third quarter of 2023.<br> |
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| • | R&D expenses for third quarter 2023 were $13.7 million compared to $21.8 million in third quarter<br>2022; the decrease was primarily driven by a decrease in costs associated with lower headcount, lower lab supply costs, lower stock-based compensation costs and a decrease in outside services related to manufacturing and regulatory expenses.<br> |
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| • | Selling, General & Administrative expenses for third quarter 2023 were $12.3 million compared to<br>$13.5 million in third quarter 2022; the decrease was primarily due to lower stock-based compensation costs and fees for outside services. |
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| • | Third quarter 2023 expenses also included one-time restructuring charges<br>of $3.1 million related to the reduction in force announced in July 2023, $9.2 million related to a non-cash impairment charge from the exit of the facility located in San Carlos, California and<br>$0.8 million from a non-cash write-down of goodwill related to the Biotherapeutics segment. |
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| • | Third quarter 2023 other expense included one-time, non-cash impairment charges of $3.9 million related to investments the Company previously made in private life sciences companies. |
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| • | The net loss for third quarter 2023 was $34.9 million, or $0.50 per share, compared to a net loss of<br>$10.0 million, or $0.15 per share, for third quarter 2022. Excluding enzyme sales related to PAXLOVID^™^, net loss for third quarter 2022 would have been $20.0 million, or $0.31 per<br>share. |
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| • | Excluding all charges related to the restructuring and impairments, net loss for third quarter 2023 was<br>$17.9 million, or $0.26 per share. |
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| • | As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $74.6 million in cash and cash equivalents. Codexis expects<br>its existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to fund its planned operations to positive cash flow, expected around the end of 2026. |
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2023 Financial Guidance
Codexis reiterated its 2023 financial guidance ranges originally issued on July 20, 2023, and reiterated on August 3, 2023, as follows:
| • | Product revenues are expected to be in the range of $30 million to $35 million, excluding enzyme sales<br>related to PAXLOVID^™^. |
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| • | R&D revenues are expected to be in the range of $21 million to $24 million. |
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| • | Gross margin on product revenue is expected to be in the range of 55% to 65%, excluding enzyme sales related to<br>PAXLOVID^™^. |
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Conference Call and Webcast
Codexis will hold a conference call and webcast today beginning at 4:30 p.m. ET. A live webcast and slide presentation to accompany the conference call will be available on the Investors section of the Company website at www.codexis.com/investors. The conference call dial-in numbers are 877-705-2976 for domestic callers and 201-689-8798 for international callers.
A telephone recording of the call will be available for 48 hours beginning approximately two hours after the completion of the call by dialing 877-660-6853 for domestic callers or 201-612-7415 for international callers. Please use the passcode 13726635 to access the recording. A webcast replay will be available on the Investors section of the Company website for 90 days, beginning approximately two hours after the completion of the call.
About Codexis
Codexis is a leading enzyme engineering company leveraging its proprietary CodeEvolver^®^ technology platform to discover, develop and enhance novel, high-performance enzymes and other classes of proteins. Codexis enzymes solve for real-world challenges associated with small molecule pharmaceuticals manufacturing and nucleic acid synthesis. The Company is currently developing its proprietary ECO Synthesis^™^ platform to enable the scaled manufacture of RNAi therapeutics through an enzymatic route. Codexis’ unique enzymes can drive improvements such as higher yields, reduced energy usage and waste generation, improved efficiency in manufacturing and greater sensitivity in genomic and diagnostic applications. For more information, visit https://www.codexis.com.
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “aim,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “design,” “due,” “estimate,” “expect,” “goal,” “intend,” “may,” “objective,” “plan,” “positioned,” “potential,” “predict,” “seek,” “should,” “suggest,” “target,” “on track,” “will,” “would” and other similar expressions that are predictions of or indicate future events and future trends, or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. To the extent that statements contained in this press release are not descriptions of historical facts, they are forward-looking statements reflecting the current beliefs and expectations of management, including but not limited to statements regarding whether Codexis will be able to, and the timing of it demonstrating gram-scale synthesis with its ECO Synthesis^™^ technology by the end of 2023, entering pre-commercial testing with
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select customers in 2024, entering into initial commercial licensing opportunities in 2025 and the subsequent expected commercial launch in 2026; Codexis’ expectations regarding 2023 total revenues, R&D revenues and gross margin on product revenue, as well as its ability to fund planned operations to the end of 2026; Codexis’ ability to achieve positive cash flow around the end of 2026; anticipated cumulative cash savings as a result of consolidating operations; the potential of the ECO Synthesis^™^ platform, including its ability to be broadly utilized, and it providing an opportunity for Codexis to efficiently capture meaningful market share; and expectations regarding future demand for siRNA and dsRNA. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are, in some cases, beyond Codexis’ control and that could materially affect actual results. Factors that could materially affect actual results include, among others: Codexis’ dependence on its licensees and collaborators; if any of its collaborators terminate their development programs under their respective license agreements with Codexis; Codexis may need additional capital in the future in order to expand its business; if Codexis is unable to successfully develop new technology such as its ECO Synthesis^™^ platform and dsRNA; Codexis’ dependence on a limited number of products and customers, and potential adverse effects to Codexis’ business if its customers’ products are not received well in the markets; if Codexis is unable to develop and commercialize new products for its target markets; if competitors and potential competitors who have greater resources and experience than Codexis develop products and technologies that make Codexis’ products and technologies obsolete; if Codexis is unable to accurately forecast financial and operational performance; and market and economic conditions may negatively impact Codexis’ business, financial condition and share price. Additional information about factors that could materially affect actual results can be found in Codexis’ Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 27, 2023 and in Codexis’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on or about the date hereof, including under the caption “Risk Factors,” and in Codexis’ other periodic reports filed with the SEC. Codexis expressly disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements, except as required by law. Codexis’ results for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of our operating results for any future periods.
For More Information
Investor Contact
Carrie McKim
(336) 608-9706
ir@codexis.com
Media Contact
Lauren Musto
(781) 572-1147
media@codexis.com
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Codexis, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
(InThousands, Except Per Share Amounts)
| Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||
| Revenues: | ||||||||||||
| Product revenue | $ | 5,395 | $ | 28,042 | $ | 24,807 | $ | 93,376 | ||||
| Research and development revenue | 3,882 | 6,428 | 18,775 | 14,839 | ||||||||
| Total revenues | 9,277 | 34,470 | 43,582 | 108,215 | ||||||||
| Costs and operating expenses: | ||||||||||||
| Cost of product revenue | 2,249 | 9,786 | 9,947 | 29,577 | ||||||||
| Research and development | 13,662 | 21,821 | 47,651 | 60,410 | ||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | 12,302 | 13,499 | 41,066 | 39,859 | ||||||||
| Restructuring charges | 3,140 | — | 3,284 | — | ||||||||
| Asset impairment and other charges | 9,984 | — | 9,984 | — | ||||||||
| Total costs and operating expenses | 41,337 | 45,106 | 111,932 | 129,846 | ||||||||
| Loss from operations | (32,060 | ) | (10,636 | ) | (68,350 | ) | (21,631 | ) | ||||
| Interest income | 1,056 | 436 | 3,266 | 618 | ||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | (3,895 | ) | 216 | (3,930 | ) | 150 | ||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (34,899 | ) | (9,984 | ) | (69,014 | ) | (20,863 | ) | ||||
| Provision for income taxes | 9 | 8 | 34 | 125 | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (34,908 | ) | $ | (9,992 | ) | $ | (69,048 | ) | $ | (20,988 | ) |
| Net loss per share, basic and diluted | $ | (0.50 | ) | $ | (0.15 | ) | $ | (1.02 | ) | $ | (0.32 | ) |
| Weighted average common stock shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and<br>diluted | 69,466 | 65,426 | 67,670 | 65,271 |
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Codexis, Inc.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited)
(InThousands)
| September 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assets | ||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 74,577 | $ | 113,984 | ||
| Restricted cash, current | 991 | 521 | ||||
| Financial assets: | ||||||
| Accounts receivable | 11,629 | 31,904 | ||||
| Contract assets | 1,936 | 2,116 | ||||
| Unbilled receivables | 5,661 | 7,016 | ||||
| Total financial assets | 19,226 | 41,036 | ||||
| Less: allowances | (133 | ) | (163 | ) | ||
| Total financial assets, net | 19,093 | 40,873 | ||||
| Inventories | 2,305 | 2,029 | ||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 5,402 | 5,487 | ||||
| Assets held for sale | 646 | — | ||||
| Total current assets | 103,014 | 162,894 | ||||
| Restricted cash | 1,062 | 1,521 | ||||
| Investment in non-marketable equity securities | 18,013 | 20,510 | ||||
| Right-of-use<br>assets - Operating leases, net | 13,895 | 39,263 | ||||
| Property and equipment, net | 15,282 | 22,614 | ||||
| Goodwill | 2,463 | 3,241 | ||||
| Other non-current assets | 726 | 350 | ||||
| Total assets | $ | 154,455 | $ | 250,393 | ||
| Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | ||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 3,098 | $ | 3,246 | ||
| Accrued compensation | 10,521 | 11,453 | ||||
| Other accrued liabilities | 8,796 | 15,279 | ||||
| Current portion of lease obligations - Operating leases | 6,764 | 5,360 | ||||
| Deferred revenue | 9,236 | 13,728 | ||||
| Total current liabilities | 38,415 | 49,066 | ||||
| Deferred revenue, net of current portion | 10,100 | 16,881 | ||||
| Long-term lease obligations - Operating leases | 13,215 | 38,278 | ||||
| Other long-term liabilities | 1,219 | 1,371 | ||||
| Total liabilities | 62,949 | 105,596 | ||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||
| Common stock | 6 | 6 | ||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 581,838 | 566,081 | ||||
| Accumulated deficit | (490,338 | ) | (421,290 | ) | ||
| Total stockholders’ equity | 91,506 | 144,797 | ||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 154,455 | $ | 250,393 |
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Codexis, Inc.
Segmented Information
(Unaudited)
(InThousands)
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 | Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PerformanceEnzymes | NovelBiotherapeutics | Total | PerformanceEnzymes | NovelBiotherapeutics | Total | ||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||
| Product revenue | $ | 5,395 | $ | — | $ | 5,395 | $ | 28,042 | $ | — | $ | 28,042 | |||||
| Research and development revenue | 3,315 | 567 | 3,882 | 3,104 | 3,324 | 6,428 | |||||||||||
| Total revenues | 8,710 | 567 | 9,277 | 31,146 | 3,324 | 34,470 | |||||||||||
| Costs and operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cost of product revenue | 2,249 | — | 2,249 | 9,786 | — | 9,786 | |||||||||||
| Research and development^(1)^ | 8,146 | 4,377 | 12,523 | 6,782 | 13,855 | 20,637 | |||||||||||
| Selling, general and<br>administrative^(1)^ | 1,748 | 386 | 2,134 | 3,791 | 888 | 4,679 | |||||||||||
| Restructuring charges | 1,182 | 1,217 | 2,399 | — | — | — | |||||||||||
| Asset impairment and other charges^(2)^ | — | 778 | 778 | — | — | — | |||||||||||
| Total segment costs and operating expenses | 13,325 | 6,758 | 20,083 | 20,359 | 14,743 | 35,102 | |||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | $ | (4,615 | ) | $ | (6,191 | ) | (10,806 | ) | $ | 10,787 | $ | (11,419 | ) | (632 | ) | ||
| Corporate costs^(2)^ | (22,736 | ) | (7,947 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Unallocated depreciation and amortization | (1,357 | ) | (1,405 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | $ | (34,899 | ) | $ | (9,984 | ) | |||||||||||
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| PerformanceEnzymes | NovelBiotherapeutics | Total | PerformanceEnzymes | NovelBiotherapeutics | Total | ||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||
| Product revenue | $ | 24,807 | $ | — | $ | 24,807 | $ | 93,376 | $ | — | $ | 93,376 | |||||
| Research and development revenue | 12,696 | 6,079 | 18,775 | 7,398 | 7,441 | 14,839 | |||||||||||
| Total revenues | 37,503 | 6,079 | 43,582 | 100,774 | 7,441 | 108,215 | |||||||||||
| Costs and operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Cost of product revenue | 9,947 | — | 9,947 | 29,577 | — | 29,577 | |||||||||||
| Research and development^(1)^ | 24,100 | 19,929 | 44,029 | 19,833 | 37,279 | 57,112 | |||||||||||
| Selling, general and<br>administrative^(1)^ | 6,578 | 1,528 | 8,106 | 11,208 | 2,288 | 13,496 | |||||||||||
| Restructuring charges | 1,182 | 1,362 | 2,544 | — | — | — | |||||||||||
| Asset impairment and other charges^(2)^ | — | 778 | 778 | — | — | — | |||||||||||
| Total segment costs and operating expenses | 41,807 | 23,597 | 65,404 | 60,618 | 39,567 | 100,185 | |||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | $ | (4,304 | ) | $ | (17,518 | ) | (21,822 | ) | $ | 40,156 | $ | (32,126 | ) | 8,030 | |||
| Corporate costs^(3)^ | (42,890 | ) | (24,940 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Unallocated depreciation and amortization | (4,302 | ) | (3,953 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | $ | (69,014 | ) | $ | (20,863 | ) | |||||||||||
| ^(1)^ | Research and development expenses and selling, general and administrative expenses exclude depreciation and<br>amortization of finance leases. | ||||||||||||||||
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| ^(2)^ | Impairment charge of $0.8 million is related to the goodwill allocated to the Novel Biotherapeutics<br>segment. | ||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | ||||||||||||||||
| ^(3)^ | Corporate costs include unallocated selling, general and administrative expenses, unallocated asset impairment<br>and restructuring charges, interest income, and other income (expense), net. | ||||||||||||||||
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