6-K

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16 UNDER
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of November, 2023

Commission File Number: 333-249081

Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. (Name of Registrant)

666 Burrard Street, Suite 1700,

Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 2X8, Canada (Address of Principal Executive Office)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F ☐    Form 40-F ☒

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 to this Form 6-K of Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) are hereby incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement on Form F-10 (File No. 333-269109) of the Company, as amended or supplemented.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

		CURALEAF HOLDINGS, INC.
		(Registrant)
Date:	November 13, 2023	By:	/s/ Peter Clateman
		Name:	Peter Clateman
		Title:	Chief Legal Officer

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number	Description
99.1	Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the Three andNineMonths EndedSeptember30, 2023 and 2022
99.2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations as of and for the Three andNineMonths EndedSeptember30, 2023 and 2022
99.3	CEO Certification of Interim Filings
99.4	CFO Certification of Interim Filings
99.5	Press Release datedNovember10, 2023
99.6	Form 5, Quarterly Listing Statement datedNovemberq323form5.htm13, 2023

Document

CURALEAF HOLDINGS, INC.

Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements

As of and for the Three and Nine Months Ended

September 30, 2023 and 2022

(Expressed in Thousands United States Dollars Unless Otherwise Stated)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page(s)
Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements:
Condensed Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)	1
Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)	2
Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)	3
Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)	4
Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)	5-6
Notes to Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements	7-30

Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands)

	As of
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	Unaudited		Audited
Assets
Current assets:
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	118,114	$	163,177
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of 9,803 and 13,201, respectively	38,064		45,179
Inventories, net	219,868		234,782
Assets held for sale	65,842		193,561
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	36,209		28,836
Current portion of notes receivable	5,692		—
Total current assets	483,789		665,535
Deferred tax asset	1,685		1,564
Property, plant and equipment, net	572,640		595,846
Right-of-use assets, finance lease, net	146,290		156,586
Right-of-use assets, operating lease, net	117,079		118,155
Intangible assets, net	1,188,931		1,213,303
Goodwill	667,262		625,129
Investments	2,502		2,797
Tax Receivable	35,119		33,296
Other assets	11,176		15,457
Total assets	$	3,226,473	$	3,427,668
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	63,723	$	80,789
Accrued expenses	100,969		103,311
Income tax payable	237,333		163,662
Lease liability, finance lease	9,445		8,340
Lease liability, operating lease	17,045		17,001
Current portion of notes payable	62,245		51,882
Current contingent consideration liability	11,743		18,537
Liabilities held for sale	24,617		35,545
Deferred consideration	24,012		24,446
Financial obligation	4,722		4,740
Other current liabilities	359		1,725
Total current liabilities	556,213		509,978
Deferred tax liability	311,037		308,974
Notes payable	522,377		570,788
Lease liability, finance lease	162,061		167,411
Lease liability, operating lease	109,498		113,307
Uncertain tax provision	107,582		94,516
Contingent consideration liability	4,750		10,572
Deferred consideration	40,220		36,854
Financial obligation	200,441		214,139
Other long-term liability	298		312
Total liabilities	2,014,477		2,026,851
Temporary Equity:
Redeemable non-controlling interest contingency	119,285		121,113
Shareholders’ equity:
Additional paid-in capital	2,194,594		2,163,061
Treasury shares	(5,208)		(5,208)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	(19,151)		(18,593)
Accumulated deficit	(1,077,524)		(859,556)
Total shareholders’ equity	1,092,711		1,279,704
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	3,226,473	$	3,427,668

All values are in US Dollars. The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements.

Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except for share and per share amounts)

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues:
Retail and wholesale revenues	$	331,796	$	324,640	$	997,100	$	931,576
Management fee income	1,376		1,173		4,263		3,656
Total revenues	333,172		325,813		1,001,363		935,232
Cost of goods sold	183,120		158,120		543,106		428,448
Gross profit	150,052		167,693		458,257		506,784
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	97,120		101,732		316,315		306,252
Share-based compensation	6,222		5,196		14,178		21,125
Depreciation and amortization	31,497		28,251		98,849		82,323
Total operating expenses	134,839		135,179		429,342		409,700
Income from operations	15,213		32,514		28,915		97,084
Other income (expense):
Interest income	—		32		23		101
Interest expense	(13,078)		(14,456)		(40,128)		(41,626)
Interest expense related to lease liabilities and financial obligations	(10,503)		(10,611)		(31,830)		(25,196)
Loss on impairment	(24,790)		—		(24,790)		—
Other (expense) income, net	(2,796)		1,070		4,070		20,897
Total other expense, net	(51,167)		(23,965)		(92,655)		(45,824)
(Loss) income before provision for income taxes	(35,954)		8,549		(63,740)		51,260
Income tax expense	(34,880)		(49,972)		(114,540)		(140,183)
Net loss from continuing operations	(70,834)		(41,423)		(178,280)		(88,923)
Net loss from discontinued operations¹	(22,895)		(12,733)		(46,410)		(25,257)
Net loss	(93,729)		(54,156)		(224,690)		(114,180)
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	(1,382)		(2,767)		(6,721)		(4,415)
Net loss attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.	$	(92,347)	$	(51,389)	$	(217,969)	$	(109,765)
Per share - basic and diluted:
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(0.10)	$	(0.06)	$	(0.25)	$	(0.13)
Net loss from discontinued operations	(0.03)		(0.02)		(0.06)		(0.04)
Loss per share attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. – basic and diluted	$	(0.13)	$	(0.08)	$	(0.31)	$	(0.17)
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic and diluted	725,319,477		709,638,533		721,206,068		709,802,875
1 The nine months period ended September 30, 2023 includes a pre-tax loss of 2.0 million on the sale of certain discontinued operations in Colorado (see Note 3 — Discontinued operations).

All values are in US Dollars.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements.

Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(70,834)	$	(41,423)	$	(178,280)	$	(88,923)
Foreign currency translation differences	(7,942)		(17,094)		149		(37,154)
Total comprehensive loss from continuing operations	(78,776)		(58,517)		(178,131)		(126,077)
Total comprehensive loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	(22,895)		(12,733)		(46,410)		(25,257)
Total comprehensive loss	(101,671)		(71,250)		(224,541)		(151,334)
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interest	(4,031)		(8,151)		(6,014)		(16,157)
Comprehensive loss attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.	$	(97,640)	$	(63,099)	$	(218,527)	$	(135,177)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements.

Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except for share amounts)

	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest			Common Shares			Additional<br>Paid-in Capital		Treasury<br>Shares		Accumulated Other<br>Comprehensive<br>Income (Loss)		Accumulated<br>Deficit		Total<br>Shareholders' Equity
			Number of Shares
			SVS		MVS
Balances as of December 31, 2021	$	118,972		614,369,729		93,970,705	$	2,047,531	$	(5,208)	$	(6,744)	$	(489,458)	$	1,546,121
Issuance of shares in connection with acquisitions	—			1,219,463		—	4,297		—		—		—		4,297
Acquisition escrow shares returned and retired	—			(980,098)		—	(10,370)		—		—		—		(10,370)
Initial NCI - Four20 Pharma	14,556			—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Foreign currency exchange variance	(11,742)			—		—	—		—		(25,412)		—		(25,412)
Exercise and forfeiture of stock options and RSUs	—			1,982,817		—	(875)		—		—		—		(875)
Reclassifications	—			—		—	3,738		—		(379)		81		3,440
Share-based compensation	—			152,508		—	21,125		—		—		—		21,125
Net loss	(4,415)			—		—	—		—		—		(109,765)		(109,765)
Balances as of September 30, 2022	$	117,371		616,744,419		93,970,705	$	2,065,446	$	(5,208)	$	(32,535)	$	(599,142)	$	1,428,561
Balances as of December 31, 2022	$	121,113		623,520,125		93,970,705	$	2,163,061	$	(5,208)	$	(18,593)	$	(859,556)	$	1,279,704
Issuance of shares in connection with acquisitions	—			7,186,083		—	17,321		—		—		—		17,321
Contribution from NCI	4,186			—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Foreign currency exchange variance	707			—		—	—		—		(558)		—		(558)
Exercise and forfeiture of stock options and RSUs	—			1,655,351		—	34		—		—		—		34
Reclassifications	—			—		—	—		—		—		1		1
Share-based compensation	—			—		—	14,178		—		—		—		14,178
Net loss	(6,721)			—		—	—		—		—		(217,969)		(217,969)
Balances as of September 30, 2023	$	119,285		632,361,559		93,970,705	$	2,194,594	$	(5,208)	$	(19,151)	$	(1,077,524)	$	1,092,711

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements.

Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(in thousands)

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(178,280)	$	(88,923)
Adjustments to reconcile Net loss from continuing operations to Net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	144,497		111,890
Share-based compensation	14,178		21,125
Non-cash interest expense	44,669		6,263
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	11,828		9,027
Loss on impairment	19,127		—
Gain on debt retirement	(3,285)		(1)
Loss on sale or retirement of asset	3,301		—
Gain on investment	(2,353)		(14,998)
Bad debt expense	1,344		—
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment	—		(1,178)
Deferred tax expense	(15,011)		(18,469)
Other non-cash expenses	4,760		—
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	5,614		(6,202)
Inventories	17,698		(40,598)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(9,742)		(2,041)
Tax receivables	(1,823)		—
Held for sale, net	4,600		532
Other assets	3,567		(34,284)
Accounts payable	(17,475)		50,376
Income tax payable	73,598		65,514
Lease liability, operating lease	(25,184)		(7,971)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(1,354)		(3,986)
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations	94,274		46,076
Net cash used in operating activities from discontinued operations	(21,293)		(11,772)
Net cash provided by operating activities	72,981		34,304
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment, net	(49,375)		(104,982)
Proceeds from sale of entities	—		10,577
Proceeds from consolidation of acquisitions	1,360		—
Purchase of intangibles	(1,214)		—
Cash acquired from acquisition	—		26,635
Acquisition-related cash payments	(4,996)		(112,368)
Note receivable from third party	(5,692)		2,315
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations	(59,917)		(177,823)
Net cash provided by investing activities from discontinued operations	1,805		5,786
Net cash used in investing activities	(58,112)		(172,037)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from financing agreement	9,187		51,729
Minority interest investment in Curaleaf International	4,177		—
Lease liability payments	(5,759)		(3,405)
Principal payments on notes payable	(47,778)		(2,204)
Principal payments on financing liabilities	(21,424)		—
Remittances of statutory tax withholdings on share-based payment awards	—		(4,459)
Exercise of stock options	—		(875)
Deferred consideration payment	(2,358)		—
Contingent Consideration payment	(6,198)		—
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities from continuing operations	(70,153)		40,786
Net cash used in financing activities from discontinued operations	—		(356)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(70,153)		40,430
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(55,284)		(97,303)
Net increase in restricted cash	8,726		—
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	163,177		299,329
Effect of exchange rate on cash	1,495		(4,344)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	118,114	$	197,682
Non-cash investing & financing activities:
---	---	---	---	---
Issuance of notes in connection with acquisitions	$	—	$	145,433
Issuance of shares in connection with acquisitions	—		6,169
Contingent consideration incurred in connection with acquisitions	—		3,941
Impairment - operating lease right-of-use assets	302		—
Impairment - finance lease right-of-use assets	243		—
Capital expenditures within accrued expenses and other current liabilities	27,070		—
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for taxes	$	46,193	$	120,741
Cash paid for interest	22,516		22,909

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements.

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Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except for gram, share and per share amounts)

Note 1 — Operations of the company

Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”, “Curaleaf” or the “Group”) was incorporated under the laws of British Columbia, Canada on November 13, 2014. Curaleaf operates as a life science company developing full scale cannabis operations, with core competencies in cultivation, manufacturing, dispensing, and cannabis research.

On October 25, 2018, the Company completed a reverse takeover transaction, and completed a related private placement, which closed one day prior on October 24, 2018 (collectively, the “Business Combination”). Following the Business Combination, the Company’s subordinate voting shares (“SVS”) were listed on the Canadian Securities Exchange (“CSE”) under the symbol “CURA” and quoted on the OTCQX ® Best Market under the symbol “CURLF”. The head office of the Company is located at 420 Lexington Ave, Suite 2035, New York, New York 10170. The Company’s registered and records office address is located at Suite 1700-666 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

For the purposes of these unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, and the accompanying notes to these unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements, (the “Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements”), the terms “Company” and “Curaleaf” mean Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. and, unless otherwise indicated, includes its subsidiaries. Any references to the cultivation, processing, manufacturing, extraction, retail operations, dispensing or distribution of cannabis, logistics, or similar terms specifically relate only to the Company’s licensed subsidiary entities. Operations of the licensed subsidiary entities are dependent on each entity’s license type, and the applicable local law and associated regulations.

Note 2 — Basis of presentation

The accompanying Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America as issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board. The Company’s significant accounting policies and methods of application are described in Summary of significant accounting policies in the annual audited consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 (“Annual Financial Statements”). The Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared consistent with those accounting policies.

The Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. and the notes thereto, included in the Company’s Annual Financial Statements.

In the opinion of management, the financial data presented includes all adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Certain previously reported amounts have been reclassified between line items to conform to the current period presentation. Results of interim periods should not be considered indicative of the results for the full year. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include estimates and assumptions of management that affect the amounts reported in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Discontinued Operations

The Company classifies items as discontinued operations in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205 - Presentation of Financial Statements (“ASC 205”). A disposal of a component of an entity or group of components of an entity shall be reported in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results and meets the criteria for assets held for sale, is already disposed of by sale, or is disposed of other than by sale (i.e. via abandonment, distribution to owners in a spin off, etc.). To classify as an asset held for sale, the asset or disposal group must meet all of the following conditions: i) the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, ii) management is committed to a plan to sell, iii) an active program to locate a buyer and complete the plan has been initiated, iv) the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a sales price that is reasonable in relation to its fair value, v) the sale is highly probable within one year from the date of classification, and vi) actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that the plan will be significantly changed or withdrawn. An asset held for sale is measured at the lower of its carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell unless the asset held for sale meets the exceptions as denoted by ASC 205. Fair value is the amount obtainable from the

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sale of the asset in an arm’s length transaction, less the costs of disposal. Once classified as held for sale, any depreciation and amortization cease to be recorded.

When the Company makes the decision to sell an asset or group of assets, it is evaluated to determine if it is held for sale or if it qualifies as a discontinued operation based on the three criteria described above and as outlined in ASC 205. When a component of the Company qualifies as discontinued operations, the results of the component are presented as a part of assets held for sale in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets, separately as Net loss from discontinued operations in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations, and separately per each type of cash flow (Net cash used in operating activities from discontinued operations, Net cash provided by investing activities from discontinued operations, and net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from discontinued operations) in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Additionally, the summarized results of discontinued operations and the major classes of assets and liabilities are disclosed in a separate footnote (see Note 3 — Discontinued operations).

Certain amounts presented in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets for the prior year period have been reclassified to exclude discontinued operations and therefore present continuing operations balances.

Summary of significant accounting policies

Cash and cash equivalents include cash deposits in financial institutions, other deposits that are readily convertible into cash, with original maturities of three months or less, and cash held at retail locations. As of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company has a restricted cash balance of $8.7 million.

There have been no additional changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in Note 2 — Basis of presentation in the Company’s Annual Financial Statements.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2022-03, Fair Value Measurements of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions (“ASU 2022-03”), was issued in June 2022 by the Financial Accounting Standards Board. ASU 2022-03 clarified that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of an equity security. As a result, such restriction is not considered in measuring fair value of the equity security. ASU 2022-03 is effective for all other entities for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted and applied ASU 2022-03, prospectively, as of the quarter ended September 30, 2023, noting no material impact to the Company’s Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

The Company reviews recently issued accounting standards on a quarterly basis and has determined there are no standards yet to be adopted which are relevant to the Company’s disclosures.

+Note 3 — Discontinued operations

On January 26, 2023, the Company announced its planned closure of a majority of its operations in California, Colorado and Oregon. During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, the Company announced its planned closure of its operations in Kentucky and Michigan, and its planned closure of its adult-use operations in Maine. These planned closures represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. These discontinued operations are a component of the Company’s domestic reportable segment.

The planned closure of these operations meet the ASC 205 held for sale criteria as of September 30, 2023; therefore, the Company has reflected the financial results of the discontinued operations in the Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company signed an asset purchase agreement, effective July 1, 2023, for the sale of its operations in Oregon to Hotbox Farms LLC (“Hotbox Farms”). The sale, which remains subject to regulatory approval, is expected to be completed by December 31, 2023. In connection with the sale, the Company also signed a management services agreement with Hotbox Farms to provide certain administrative and operational support services and a licensing agreement to use certain of the Company’s intellectual property. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a pre-tax loss related to disc ops of $22.9 million and $46.4 million.

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The following table summarizes the major classes of assets and liabilities of the Company’s discontinued operations as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Assets
Accounts receivable, net	$	2,318	$	6,998
Inventories, net	3,123		15,861
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,347		3,472
Total current assets	6,788		26,331
Deferred tax asset	13,020		13,328
Income tax receivables	22,577		14,093
Property, plant and equipment, net	2,667		23,820
Right-of-use assets, finance lease	—		282
Right-of-use assets, operating lease	1,458		4,491
Intangible assets, net	—		6,708
Other assets	—		217
Total non-current assets	39,722		62,939
Total assets	$	46,510	$	89,270
Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	2,120	$	4,483
Accrued expenses	6,981		11,519
Lease liability, finance lease	27		26
Lease liability, operating lease	699		591
Current portion of notes payable	77		82
Total current liabilities	9,904		16,701
Notes payable	—		68
Lease liability, finance lease	292		313
Lease liability, operating lease	2,003		2,133
Total non-current liabilities	2,295		2,514
Total liabilities	$	12,199	$	19,215

The summarized results of the Company’s discontinued operations were as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Total revenue	$	7,007	$	13,913	$	23,202	$	48,618
Cost of goods	14,408		19,786		41,259		54,472
Gross loss	(7,401)		(5,873)		(18,057)		(5,854)
Other operating expenses	5,393		7,505		11,572		22,066
Operating loss	(12,794)		(13,378)		(29,629)		(27,920)
Total other income (expense), net	(17,215)		19		(23,895)		(546)
Loss from discontinued operations before provision for income taxes	(30,009)		(13,359)		(53,524)		(28,466)
Loss from discontinued operations before provision for income taxes	(30,009)		(13,359)		(53,524)		(28,466)
Income tax benefit	7,114		626		7,114		3,209
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax included in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations	$	(22,895)	$	(12,733)	$	(46,410)	$	(25,257)

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Note 4 — Acquisitions

Clever Leaves’ EU-GMP

On July 5, 2023, Terra Verde LDA, a wholly owned subsidiary of Curaleaf International, acquired the assets of Clever Leaves’ EU-GMP, a certified cannabis processing facility in Setubal, Portugal. The acquisition was structured as an asset purchase, including all equipment and lease rights to a processing and warehousing facility, for $2.7 million.

Deseret Wellness LLC

On April 10, 2023 the Company acquired 100% of all issued and outstanding share capital of Deseret Wellness LLC (“Deseret”), the largest cannabis retail operator in Utah, with consideration consisting of cash and stock. The Deseret acquisition includes three retail dispensaries located in the cities of Park City, Provo and Payson. Deseret immediately strengthened the Company’s retail footprint in Utah, providing the state's medical patients with a wide variety of quality products including cannabis flower, vape cartridges, edibles, and concentrates.

The following table presents the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the acquisition of Deseret as of the acquisition date and an allocation of the consideration to net assets acquired:

	Deseret Wellness
Cash	$	1,360
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	137
Inventory	807
Property, plant and equipment, net	1,692
Right-of-use assets	406
Other assets	57
Licenses	10,620
Trade name	890
Non-compete agreements	230
Goodwill	7,002
Deferred tax liabilities	(3,339)
Liabilities assumed	(5,242)
Net assets acquired	$	14,620
Consideration paid in cash	$	2,067
Deferred consideration classified as a liability	12,553
Total consideration	$	14,620
Cash outflow, net of cash acquired	$	707

The fair value of the consideration, paid through the issuance of SVS, was based on a third-party valuation that takes into account transfer restrictions and the time value of money. The Company incurred $0.3 million of transaction costs related to the acquisition of Deseret. During the period ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a measurement period adjustment to the purchase price allocation reported as of June 30, 2023. The measurement period adjustment reduced inventory and increased goodwill in the amount of $0.2 million. The acquisition remains subject to post-closing adjustments, and the Company is in the process of finalizing purchase price accounting.

The Company calculated, on a pro forma basis, the combined results of the acquired entity as if the acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2023. These unaudited pro forma results are not necessarily indicative of either the actual consolidated results had the acquisition occurred as of January 1, 2023, or of the future consolidated operating results. For the Deseret acquisition, total unaudited pro forma revenue and net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $6.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

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Revenue and net income from Deseret included in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $3.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

Tryke Companies

On October 4, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Tryke Companies (dba Reef Dispensaries) (the “Tryke Acquisition”), a privately held, vertically integrated, multi-state cannabis operator, upon which the Company took ownership of six highly trafficked dispensaries under the Reef brand, with two retail stores in Arizona and four in Nevada, including the Phoenix metropolitan area, Las Vegas strip, and North Las Vegas.

The transaction consideration included an initial payment at closing of $10.0 million in cash and 2.7 million SVS and additional cash and shares consideration of $75.0 million and 16.5 million SVS, to be paid in three installments on the first, second and third anniversaries of the closing.

Contingent consideration

Contingent consideration recorded relates to the Company’s business combinations and asset acquisitions. As discussed in Note 2 — Basis of presentation, contingent consideration payable is subject to significant judgment and estimates, such as projected future revenue. Refer to Note 20 — Fair value measurements and financial risk management for further discussion surrounding the inputs utilized in the Company’s determination of its fair value of contingent consideration.

Changes in the contingent consideration account balance are as follows:

	Acquisitions(1)
	HMS		EMMAC		Sapphire		Four20		Tryke		Total
Carrying amount, December 31, 2022	$	1,854	$	10,360	$	3,895	$	4,690	$	8,310	$	29,109
Payments of contingent consideration	(1,854)		(4,430)		(3,890)		(3,285)		-		(13,459)
Revaluation of contingent consideration	-		(1,430)		-		1,182		884		636
Difference in exchange	-		156		43		(38)		-		161
Gain (loss) on contingent consideration not paid	-		94		(48)		-		-		46
Carrying amount, September 30, 2023	-		4,750		-		2,549		9,194		16,493
Less: current portion	-		-		-		(2,549)		(9,194)		(11,743)
Non-current contingent consideration liability	$	-	$	4,750	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	4,750
(1) As defined individually in the Company’s Annual Financial Statements.

Note 5 — Inventories

Inventories consist of the following as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Raw materials:
Cannabis	$	44,739	$	43,054
Non-Cannabis	19,580		17,258
Total raw materials	64,319		60,312
Work-in-process	79,276		118,997
Finished goods	79,403		74,317
Transferred to Assets held for sale	(3,130)		(18,844)
Inventories, net	$	219,868	$	234,782

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Note 6 — Assets and liabilities held for sale

Changes in the carrying amount of assets and liabilities held for sale are as follows:

Assets held for sale	Discontinued Operations		GR Entities		Total
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	89,270	$	104,291	$	193,561
Transferred in/(out)	(42,760)		(84,959)		(127,719)
Total assets held for sale at September 30, 2023	$	46,510	$	19,332	$	65,842		Liabilities associated with assets held for sale	Discontinued Operations		GR Entities		Total
---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	19,214	$	16,331	$	35,545
Transferred in/(out)	(7,015)		(3,913)		(10,928)
Total liabilities associated with assets held for sale at September 30, 2023	$	12,199	$	12,418	$	24,617

Former Grassroots Entities (“GR Entities”)

Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Grassroots Merger Agreement”), on October 14, 2022, the former owners of Grassroots (as defined in the Annual Financial Statements) exercised their option to be paid in the form of cash and SVS in the amount of $28.3 million, and the Company gained the sole right to proceeds from the sale of the Illinois Assets (as defined in the Annual Financial Statements).

On April 1, 2021, the Company and the owners of the Illinois Assets (the “Plaintiffs”) signed definitive agreements to sell the Illinois Assets to Parallel Illinois, LLC (“Parallel”). Under the terms of the transaction, the purchase price for the Illinois Assets consisted of up to $100 million base price to be paid $60 million in cash and $40 million in Parallel stock, plus earnouts of up to an additional $55 million payable through 2023. The Company received a $10 million deposit from Parallel, which was refundable under limited circumstances. On February 25, 2022, the Company received correspondence from Parallel’s attorneys indicating that Parallel was not in a position to complete the acquisition of the Illinois Assets and, therefore, declared its agreement to purchase the Illinois Assets terminated. The Plaintiffs asserted that Parallel’s actions constituted material breaches of the definitive agreements, and on February 2, 2022, the Plaintiffs filed an arbitration against Parallel and certain principals of Parallel for breach of contract, fraudulent misrepresentation and other claims. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, as a result of the breach of contract, the Company determined that the $10 million deposit received from Parallel was no longer refundable, and accordingly recognized a gain within the “Other income” line item in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations at that time. In September 2023, the Company signed a final settlement agreement, as part of which, Parallel formally released its claims against the Plaintiffs, including with respect to any claim for return of the $10 million deposit. See Note 18 — Commitments and contingencies, for further information.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2022, the Company signed a letter of intent to sell the Grassroots Vermont entities; PhytoScience Management Group, Inc., including Vermont Patients Alliance, LLC, PhytoScience Institute, LLC, and Nutraceutical Science Laboratories, LLC and accordingly has recorded the associated net assets of these entities as held for sale during the current period in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Since the acquisition, the Company has been actively marketing certain rights and interests for certain real estate assets associated with the acquisition of Grassroots. As of June 23, 2023, after continued unsuccessful marketing of these real estate assets, the Company terminated the marketing of these real estate assets and reclassified them from held-for-sale to held-and-used.

Recently Added to Held-For-Sale

During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, the Company obtained signed letters of intent or has been actively marketing certain rights and interests to sell Alternative Therapies Group, Inc. (Massachusetts), Acres Cultivation, LLC and its licenses (Nevada), House of Herbs (Nevada), and certain locations of its Bellmawr, NJ facilities, and accordingly, has recorded the associated net assets of these entities as held for sale during the current period in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Discontinued Operations

As described above in Note 3 — Discontinued operations, the Company began marketing its net assets of its operating entities in Michigan, Kentucky, and adult-use Maine for sale during the period ended September 30, 2023 and as such, these net assets have been classified as held for sale in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets.

All assets and liabilities held for sale are included within the Domestic operations reportable segment. See Note 17 — Segment reporting, for further information regarding the Company’s segments as of September 30, 2023.

Note 7 — Property, plant and equipment, net

Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Land	$	8,410	$	8,903
Building and improvements	514,956		452,775
Furniture and fixtures	185,412		181,918
Information technology	7,062		5,105
Construction in progress	54,656		79,448
Transferred to assets held for sale	(28,664)		(12,508)
Total property, plant and equipment	741,832		715,641
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(169,192)		(119,795)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	572,640	$	595,846

Assets included in construction in progress represent projects related to both cultivation and dispensary facilities not yet completed or otherwise not ready for use.

Depreciation expense totaled $17.7 million and $52.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, of which $11.7 million and $36.2 million, respectively, were recognized as cost of goods sold. The remaining $6.0 million and $16.7 million, respectively, were recognized as a part of Total operating expenses in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company recognized impairment expense of $20.3 million on its property, plant and equipment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 in connection with the inclusion of its operations in Kentucky, Michigan and adult-use operations in Maine within discontinued operations during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 (see Note 3 — Discontinued operations).

Note 8 — Leases

The Company leases real estate for its dispensaries, cultivation facilities, production plants, and corporate offices. Lease right-of-use assets (“ROU assets”) and liabilities are recognized for real estate leases with an initial term greater than 12 months on the Condensed Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets. Certain of the Company’s leases contain cancellation options, in the event the Company is unable to obtain regulatory approval and permitting for a selected site, as well as other contingencies. In addition, the majority of the Company’s real estate leases include extension options, which are typically at the option of the Company to exercise. Cancellation and extension options are used to determine the Company’s ROU assets and lease liabilities only when the Company has determined that it is probable that it will exercise the options. The majority of the Company’s lease payments are in-substance fixed, with the exception of certain real estate leases that include annual escalation clauses based on an index or contractual rate.

The Company has historically entered into transactions in which real estate property or equipment owned by the Company is sold to and immediately leased back from the buyer. The Company analyzes each such transaction to determine if the transaction should be accounted for as a sale leaseback. If the Company determines that the transaction did not result in control of the real estate property or equipment being transferred to the buyer, the financed asset is recognized in Property, plant and equipment, net and the corresponding obligation is recognized in Financing lease obligations on the Condensed Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets.

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Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the Condensed Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets. Certain real estate leases require payment for taxes, insurance, maintenance, and other common area charges. These variable expenses are considered non-lease components. These variable payments are excluded from the measurements of lease liabilities and are expensed as incurred. The Company accounts for real estate leases and the related non-lease components together as a single component.

The Company also leases machinery and equipment under lease arrangements that are of low-value or are short-term in nature; therefore, the Company does not recognize any ROU assets and lease liabilities for these leases. Expenses recognized relating to short-term leases and low-value leases of machinery and equipment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were immaterial.

The components of the Company’s real estate lease costs recognized in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of ROU assets	$	3,860	$	2,518	$	11,479	$	7,546
Interest on lease liabilities	4,512		3,511		13,700		9,643
Total finance lease cost	8,372		6,029		25,179		17,189
Sale leaseback financial obligations:
Interest on financial obligations	5,991		7,100		18,130		15,553
Depreciation on leased assets	4,136		5,110		13,258		11,044
Total financial obligations cost	10,127		12,210		31,388		26,597
Total operating lease cost	6,714		4,595		20,973		15,439
Total lease cost(1)	$	25,213	$	22,834	$	77,540	$	59,225
(1) Excludes short-term lease cost due to immateriality of the amounts therein.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s asset and liability related to its sale leaseback arrangements accounted for as financial obligations consist of the following:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Financed property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $41.6 million and $28.3 million	$	171,226	$	194,253
Financial obligation liability:
Current financial obligation liability	$	4,722	$	4,740
Non-current financial obligation liability	200,441		214,139
Total financial obligation liability	$	205,163	$	218,879

Supplemental cash flows information related to the Company’s leases are as follows:

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	(13,700)	$	(10,750)
Operating cash flows from operating leases	(21,743)		(16,633)
Financing cash flows from finance leases	(6,082)		(3,405)
Cash flows from sale leaseback financial obligations	(21,424)		(15,952)
Proceeds from sale leasebacks accounted for as financial obligations	243		51,729
Total cash flows from lease activities	$	(62,706)	$	4,989

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	As of
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Finance lease	$	1,028	$	71,637
Operating leases	11,003		62,362
Total ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	12,031	$	133,999

Weighted average remaining lease terms and weighted average discount rate on the Company’s lease liabilities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are as follows:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) - Finance leases	10.3		11.0
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years) - Operating leases	7.1		7.7
Weighted average discount rate - Finance leases	10.7	%	10.6	%
Weighted average discount rate - Operating leases	10.4	%	9.9	%

As of September 30, 2023, maturities of the Company’s lease liabilities are as follows:

Fiscal Year	Operating <br>Leases		Finance Leases		Financial <br>Obligations
2023 (remaining three months)	$	7,454	$	6,726	$	6,913
2024	28,247		27,166		28,018
2025	25,331		27,165		28,735
2026	23,807		27,542		30,094
2027	22,492		28,165		30,494
2028 and thereafter	72,754		178,461		269,683
Total undiscounted remaining minimum lease payments	180,085		295,225		393,937
Less imputed interest	(53,542)		(123,719)		(188,774)
Total discounted remaining minimum lease payments	$	126,543	$	171,506	$	205,163

Note 9 — Goodwill and intangible assets

As of September 30, 2023	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
Long-lived intangible assets:
Licenses and service agreements	$	1,272,385	$	(234,539)	$	1,037,846
Tradenames	166,596		(34,441)		132,155
Intellectual property and know-how	105		(50)		55
Non-compete agreements	31,833		(12,958)		18,875
Intangible assets	$	1,470,919	$	(281,988)	$	1,188,931		As of December 31, 2022	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount
---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Long-lived intangible assets:
Licenses and service agreements	$	1,218,889	$	(163,393)	$	1,055,496
Tradenames	165,592		(28,615)		136,977
Intellectual property and know-how	98		(30)		68
Non-compete agreements	31,554		(10,792)		20,762
Intangible assets	$	1,416,133	$	(202,830)	$	1,213,303

The gross carrying amount of intangible assets increased by $54.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 primarily due to the reclassification of certain assets previously classified as held for sale to held for use coupled with additions from the acquisition of Deseret Wellness (see Note 4 — Acquisitions).

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Amortization of intangible assets was $24.3 million and $78.7 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023.

The Company recognized impairment expense of $7.8 million on its intangible assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 in connection with the inclusion of its operations in Kentucky, Michigan and adult-use operations in Maine within discontinued operations during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 (see Note 3 — Discontinued operations).

Changes in the carrying amount of Goodwill are as follows:

Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	625,129
Purchase price adjustments (Note 4)	119
Acquisitions (Note 4)	7,002
Change in Assets Held for Sale (Note 6)	41,678
Loss on Impairment	(6,710)
Effect of foreign currency translation	44
Balance as of September 30, 2023	$	667,262

Note 10 — Notes payable

Notes payable consist of the following as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Senior Secured Notes – 2026
Principal amount	$	475,000	$	475,000
Unamortized debt discount/deferred financing	(17,029)		(20,037)
Net carrying amount	$	457,971	$	454,963
Bloom Notes – 2023
Principal amount	$	—	$	50,000
Unamortized debt premium (discount)	—		(74)
Net carrying amount	$	—	$	49,926
Bloom Notes – 2024
Principal amount	$	46,000	$	50,000
Unamortized debt premium (discount)	286		(1,755)
Net carrying amount	$	46,286	$	48,245
Bloom Notes – 2025
Principal amount	$	60,000	$	60,000
Unamortized debt discount	(4,702)		(7,115)
Net carrying amount	$	55,298	$	52,885
Seller notes payable	$	6,604	$	6,728
Other notes payable	18,463		9,923
Total other notes payable	$	25,067	$	16,651
Current portion of notes payable	$	62,245	$	51,882
Long-term notes payable	522,377		570,788
Total notes payable	$	584,622	$	622,670

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Senior Secured Notes – 2026

In December 2021, the Company closed on a private placement of senior secured notes due 2026, for aggregate gross proceeds of $475 million (“Senior Secured Notes – 2026”). The note indenture dated December 15, 2021 governing the Senior Secured Notes – 2026 (the “Note Indenture”) enables the Company to issue additional senior secured notes on an ongoing basis as needed, subject to maintaining leverage ratios and complying with other terms and conditions of the Note Indenture. The principal restrictions on incurring indebtedness include the requirement that a fixed charge coverage ratio of 2.5:1 and consolidated debt to consolidated EBITDA ratio of 4:1 be maintained when taking into account the incurrence of additional debt. The issue of additional Senior Secured Notes or other debt pari passu to the existing notes is permitted provided that the consolidated secured debt to consolidated EBITDA ratio of 3:1 is maintained when taking into account the incurrence of additional debt, and certain other conditions are met. The Company and certain of its guarantor subsidiaries are required to grant a first lien security interest in their respective assets to the trustee appointed under the Note Indenture, including assets acquired after the issue of the Notes, subject to limited exceptions. Despite the first lien granted to the holders of the Notes, the Note Indenture permits the Company to grant a more senior lien to secure up to $200 million of additional financing from commercial banks, providing for revolving credit loans, provided that the interest rate applicable to such revolving credit loans shall be lower than the interest rate applicable to the Senior Secured Notes – 2026. The Senior Secured Notes – 2026 bear interest on the unpaid principal amount at a rate of 8% per annum, compounded semi-annually and payable in arrears on June 15th and December 15th of each year during the term of the Senior Secured Notes – 2026.

The Senior Secured Notes – 2026 may be redeemed early but are subject to a prepayment premium dependent on the loan year. All or part of the outstanding Senior Secured Notes – 2026 may be redeemed between June 15, 2023 and June 14, 2024 with a premium of 4%; between June 15, 2024 and June 14, 2025 with a premium of 2%, or June 15, 2025 or after without a premium.

The Company recognized interest expense under the Senior Secured Notes – 2026 of $10.6 million and $31.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Bloom Notes

In connection with the Bloom acquisition, the Company issued secured promissory notes to the former owners of Bloom (the “Bloom Notes”) in the aggregate of $160 million, which mature over three years. The first and second set of notes each total $50 million with maturities dates in January 2023 and 2024, and each bear interest at the rate of 6% per annum with interest payments due quarterly.

The final set of promissory notes are convertible promissory notes with a principal amount totaling $60 million, which mature in January 2025 and bear interest at a rate of 4% per annum. Interest payments are not required until maturity, at which time the entire then-outstanding principal balance and accrued interest will be due. At the option of the former owners of Bloom, the third set of promissory notes may be paid by the Company through the issuance of SVS at maturity.

There are no prepayment penalties on the Bloom Notes.

As part of a settlement agreement reached in April 2023, between the Company and the former owners of Bloom, the parties to the settlement agreement agreed to reduce the future principal payments of the Bloom Notes by $10 million. The Company settled in full the $50 million note due January 2023 for $44 million. The remaining principal reduction of $4 million was applied to the $50 million note due January 2024. This transaction resulted in a recognition of Gain on extinguishment of debt of $4.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which is included in Other income (expense), net on the Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations.

The Company recognized interest expense under the Bloom Notes of $2.7 million and $11.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Seller notes

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had two Seller notes outstanding with an aggregate balance of $6.6 million, which included the Phyto acquisition seller note in the amount of $1.8 million, inclusive of accrued interest, and a seller note related to the Scottsdale, AZ building purchase, due December 2036, in the amount of $4.8 million. The Scottsdale seller note bears interest at a rate of 5% per annum.

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Other Notes

As of September 30, 2023, Other notes primarily consist of a note outstanding at Broad Horizons Holdings, LLC in the amount of $7.5 million, due December 31, 2024. The note bears interest at a rate of 15% per annum and interest payments are due quarterly.

Asset-Based Revolving Credit Facility

Effective August 25, 2023, the Company entered into an asset-based revolving credit facility with East West Bank, under which the Company subsequently borrowed $6.5 million (the “Promissory Note”). The Promissory Note bears interest at a rate of 6% per annum, with interest payments due monthly, and has a maturity date of August 25, 2024.

Future maturities

As of September 30, 2023, future principal payments due under the Company’s notes payable were as follows:

Period	Amount
2023 (remaining three months)	$	10
2024	61,951
2025	62,226
2026	475,026
2027	6,854
Total future debt obligations	$	606,067

Information about the Company’s exposure to interest rate risks and liquidity risks is included in Note 20 — Fair value measurements and financial risk management.

Note 11 — Shareholders’ equity

The authorized and issued share capital of the Company is as follows:

Authorized

As of September 30, 2023, the authorized share capital consists of an unlimited number of multiple voting shares (“MVS”) without par value and an unlimited number of SVS without par value.

Issued

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had 93,970,705 MVS issued and outstanding, that were held indirectly by Boris Jordan, the Company's Executive Chairman.

Holders of the MVS are entitled to 15 votes per share and are entitled to notice of and to attend at any meeting of the shareholders, except a meeting of which only holders of another particular class or series of shares will have the right to vote. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, MVS represented approximately 12.9% and 13.1%, respectively, of the total issued and outstanding shares and 69.0% and 69.3%, respectively, of the voting power attached to such outstanding shares. The MVS are convertible into SVS on a one-for-one basis at any time at the option of the holder or upon termination of the MVS structure. The dual-class structure will remain until the earlier to occur of (i) the transfer or disposition of the MVS by Mr. Boris Jordan to one or more third parties which are not permitted holders; (ii) Mr. Jordan or his permitted holders no longer beneficially owning, directly or indirectly and in the aggregate, at least 5% of the issued and outstanding SVS and MVS on a non-diluted basis; and (iii) the first business day following the first annual meeting of shareholders of the Company following the SVS being listed and posted for trading on a U.S. national securities exchange such as The Nasdaq Stock Market or The New York Stock Exchange.

Holders of the SVS are entitled to one vote per share.

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As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had 632,361,559 and 623,520,125, respectively, SVS issued and outstanding; Changes in the number of SVS issued and outstanding are as follows:

	SVS	MVS	Total
As of December 31, 2022	623,520,125	93,970,705	717,490,830
Issuance of shares in connection with acquisitions (Note 4)	7,186,083	—	7,186,083
Exercise and forfeiture of stock options and restricted stock units (Note 13)	1,655,351	—	1,655,351
As of September 30, 2023	632,361,559	93,970,705	726,332,264

The Company reserved 72,633,226 and 71,749,083 SVS, as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, for the issuance of stock options under the Company’s 2018 Long Term Incentive Plan (“LTIP”) (see Note 13 — Share-based payment arrangements).

Treasury shares

There were no shares repurchased into treasury during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

Note 12 — Redeemable non-controlling interest

On April 7, 2021, the Company established Curaleaf International together with a strategic investor who provided initial capital of $130.8 million in exchange for a 31.5% equity stake in Curaleaf International. Curaleaf and the strategic investor entered into a shareholders’ agreement regarding the governance of Curaleaf International pursuant to which Curaleaf has control over operational issues as well as the raising of capital and the ability to exit Curaleaf International. In addition, the strategic investor’s stake is subject to put/call rights that permit either party to cause the stake to be bought out by Curaleaf for Curaleaf equity starting the earlier of change of control or in 2025.

In connection with the acquisition of Four20 in September 2022, the selling shareholders and Curaleaf International entered into a put/call option which permits either party to trigger the roll-up of the remaining equity of Four20 no earlier than two years after the launch of adult use cannabis sales in Germany and no later than the end of 2025, if adult use launch has not occurred by such date.

The estimated redemption value of the put/calls were below their carrying value, which is recorded on the Company’s Condensed Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets as Temporary Equity in the amount of $119.3 million and $121.1 million as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Note 13 — Share-based payment arrangements

The 2011 and 2015 Equity Incentive Plans provided for the grant of incentive stock options and non-statutory stock options (collectively, “stock options”), restricted stock awards, restricted share units, stock appreciation rights, and other share-based awards. In connection with the Business Combination, all unexercised stock options of Curaleaf, Inc. issued and outstanding under the 2011 and 2015 Equity Incentive Plans were converted to the option to receive an equivalent substitute option under the LTIP. The LTIP provides for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock and restricted share units (“RSUs”), performance awards, including performance share units (“PSUs”), dividend equivalents, and other share-based awards. The number of SVS reserved for issuance under the LTIP is calculated as 10% of the aggregate number of SVS and MVS outstanding on an “as-converted” basis.

Valuation of share-based awards

The fair value of each grant of share-based awards is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model, where appropriate. In instances where share-based awards have performance or market conditions, the Company utilizes the Monte Carlo valuation model to simulate the various outcomes that affect the value of the share-based awards.

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Assumptions used in calculating the fair value of stock options granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are summarized below:

	2023				2022
Fair value at grant date	$	1.82			$	3.69
Exercise price	$	2.95			$	7.35
Expected volatility	68.5		%		69.8		%
Expected life	6.0			years	5.4			years
Expected dividends	—		%		—		%
Risk-free interest rate (based on government bonds)	3.4		%		1.1		%
Total intrinsic value of options exercised (in 000s)	$	701			$	5,236
Total fair value of shares vested (in 000s)	$	9,326			$	18,022

The aggregate intrinsic values of shares outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, and the weighted average remaining contractual terms of shares exercisable and shares outstanding and vested as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 are summarized below:

	September 30,
	2023			2022
Aggregate intrinsic value of shares outstanding at the end of the period (in 000s)	$	41,980		$	37,060
Weighted-average remaining contractual term - shares exercisable	4.2		years	4.9		years
Weighted-average remaining contractual term - shares outstanding and vested	4.6		years	5.3		years

The expected volatility is estimated based on historical volatility, as the Company believes this is the best estimate of the expected volatility over the expected life of its equity-based awards. The expected life in years represents the period of time that equity-based awards granted are expected to be outstanding. The expected term of equity-based awards granted to non-employees is equal to the contractual term of the equity-based awards. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant of the equity-based award for time periods approximately equal to the expected term of the equity-based award. Expected dividend yield is based on the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends and does not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded share-based compensation for its equity-based awards in the amount of $6.2 million and $14.2 million, respectively, compared to $5.2 million and $21.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

Reconciliation of outstanding stock options

The number and weighted-average exercise prices of stock options under the LTIP were as follows:

	Number of<br>options	Weighted<br>average<br>exercise price		Number of<br>options	Weighted<br>average<br>exercise price
	2023	2023		2022	2022
Outstanding at January 1,	24,539,168	$	6.89	23,578,470	$	6.76
Forfeited	(1,884,951)	8.59		(1,612,347)	13.26
Expired	(1,385,140)	9.36		(478,800)	4.66
Exercised	(181,775)	0.19		(763,303)	0.53
Granted(1)	8,270,278	2.95		4,534,822	7.35
Outstanding at September 30,	29,357,580	$	5.41	25,258,842	$	6.68
Options exercisable at September 30,	15,865,770	$	5.61	18,641,477	$	5.86
(1) Includes stock options the Company issued to the Company’s Executive Chairman during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, that vest based on the achievement of certain market-based performance goals, including the achievement of certain stock price performance over a performance period. There are three stock price targets which can be achieved over the performance period and are based on an average closing price of the Company’s common stock.

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Reconciliation of RSUs

RSUs vest based on the satisfaction of service conditions.

The number of RSUs awarded under the LTIP were as follows:

	Number of RSUs
	2023	2022
Outstanding at January 1,	4,284,439	2,876,413
Forfeited	(1,221,939)	(801,960)
Vested	(1,111,873)	(1,219,514)
Granted	4,364,741	3,652,269
Outstanding at September 30,	6,315,368	4,507,208

Reconciliation of PSUs

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company issued PSUs to certain executives that vest based on the satisfaction of both service conditions and the achievement of certain annual performance goals including meeting certain annual revenue and other financial metric targets.

The number of PSUs awarded under the LTIP were as follows:

	Number of PSUs	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
	2023	2023
Outstanding at January 1	—	$	—
Forfeited	(147,051)	2.89
Vested	—	—
Granted	2,240,372	2.89
Outstanding at September 30,	2,093,321	$	2.89

Note 14 — Selling, general and administrative expense

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of the following:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Selling, general and administrative expenses:
Salaries and benefits	$	48,106	$	53,531	$	155,185	$	161,226
Sales and marketing	12,431		9,717		32,668		26,968
Rent and occupancy	12,246		12,001		36,616		35,885
Travel	1,093		3,033		4,421		7,784
Professional fees	8,305		5,760		30,991		23,292
Office supplies and services	11,662		6,320		36,274		18,110
Other	3,277		11,370		20,160		32,987
Total selling, general and administrative expense	$	97,120	$	101,732	$	316,315	$	306,252

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Note 15 — Other income (expense), net

Other income (expense), net consists of the following:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Other income (expense), net:
(Loss) gain on disposal of assets	$	(800)	$	(233)	$	(3,112)	$	1,156
(Loss) gain on investment	(3,326)		147		2,275		15,001
(Loss) gain on extinguishment of debt	1,134		(1)		4,433		—
Other income, net	196		1,157		474		4,740
Total other income, net	$	(2,796)	$	1,070	$	4,070	$	20,897

Note 16 — Earnings per share

Basic and diluted loss per share attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. was calculated as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(70,834)	$	(41,423)	$	(178,280)	$	(88,923)
Less: Net loss attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest	(1,382)		(2,767)		(6,721)		(4,415)
Net loss from continuing operations attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.	(69,452)		(38,656)		(171,559)		(84,508)
Net loss from discontinued operations	(22,895)		(12,733)		(46,410)		(25,257)
Net loss attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.	$	(92,347)	$	(51,389)	$	(217,969)	$	(109,765)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic and diluted(1)	725,319,477		709,638,533		721,206,068		709,802,875
Net loss per share from continuing and discontinued operations:
Net loss per share from continuing operations attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. – basic and diluted	$	(0.10)	$	(0.06)	$	(0.25)	$	(0.13)
Net loss per share from discontinued operations attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. – basic and diluted	$	(0.03)	$	(0.02)	$	(0.06)	$	(0.04)
(1) As a result of the net losses incurred by the Company from its continuing operations and its discontinued operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the calculation of diluted net loss per share for each period presented gives no consideration to potentially anti-dilutive securities, and as such, is the same as basic net loss per share for each period presented.

The securities excluded from the computation of diluted loss per share attributable to Curaleaf, Inc. for the periods indicated due to their anti-dilutive effect are as follows:

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023	2022
Options to purchase SVS	29,357,580	25,258,842

Note 17 — Segment reporting

In accordance with ASC 280 - Segment Reporting, the Company determined its two operating segments, which are also its reportable segments, are (i) domestic operations and (ii) international operations. These segments reflect how the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) manages, allocates resources to and evaluates the performance of the Company’s operations, as well as how the Company’s internal management financial reporting is structured.

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The following table presents financial information for the Company’s continuing operations disaggregated by reportable segment. As the Company’s CODM does not review total assets or net income (loss) by segment, such information is not presented below.

	Domestic		International		Total
For the three months ended September 30, 2023:
Revenues	$	316,920	$	16,252	$	333,172
Gross profit	144,206		5,846		150,052
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023:
Revenues	$	958,349	$	43,014	$	1,001,363
Gross profit	443,086		15,171		458,257
Long-lived assets as of September 30, 2023	$	2,422,479	$	320,205	$	2,742,684
For the three months ended September 30, 2022:
Revenues	$	318,417	$	7,396	$	325,813
Gross profit	167,269		424		167,693
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022:
Revenues	$	912,295	$	22,937	$	935,232
Gross profit	500,393		6,391		506,784
Long-lived assets as of December 31, 2022	$	2,431,661	$	330,472	$	2,762,133

Note 18 — Commitments and contingencies

Indemnification agreements

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to vendors, lessors, business partners, and other parties with respect to certain matters including, but not limited to, losses arising out of breach of such agreements or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with members of its board of directors and senior management team that will require the Company, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors or officers. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is, in many cases, unlimited. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnification agreements. The Company does not believe that the outcome of any claims under indemnification arrangements will have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations or cash flows, and it has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in its Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

Litigation

The Company is involved in claims or lawsuits that arise in the ordinary course of business. Accruals for claims or lawsuits are provided to the extent that losses are deemed both probable and estimable. Although the ultimate outcome of these claims or lawsuits cannot be ascertained, on the basis of present information and advice received from counsel, it is management’s opinion that the disposition or ultimate determination of such claims or lawsuits will not have a material adverse effect on the Company.

Among other legal disputes, the Company is currently, or was, involved in the following proceedings relating to material disputes:

Eagle Valley Holdings, LLC. On January 4, 2023, a Curaleaf subsidiary that purchased the Bloom assets in Arizona, filed suit against Eagle Valley Holdings, LLC, Q Business Consulting, LLC, LBSF, LLC, the sellers of the Bloom assets, and Edmond Vartughian, their designated representative, in Arizona Superior Court in Maricopa County, alleging breach of the contractual representations and warranties and fraudulent inducement of Curaleaf’s acquisition of the Bloom assets. The parties resolved the claims on March 21, 2023 and dismissed the suit. As part of the settlement agreement, the parties have agreed to reduce the future principal payments of the Bloom notes by $10 million. The purchase price for Bloom was paid $69 million in cash on closing of the transaction, net of working capital adjustments,

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with the remaining approximately $160 million to be paid through the issuance of three promissory notes of $50 million, $50 million and $60 million due, respectively, on the first, second and third anniversary of closing of the transaction. Curaleaf has settled in full the $50 million note due January 2023 for $44 million and the principal of the $50 million note due January 2024 has been reduced by $4 million.

Sentia Wellness. On January 6, 2022, Measure 8 Ventures, LP, and other purchasers of debentures from Sentia Wellness, Inc. ("Sentia"), filed suit against Nitin Khanna and six other former officers, directors, and/or advisors of Sentia in the Circuit Court of the State of Oregon for Multnomah County alleging violations of Oregon securities law by making false and misleading statements and omissions to induce the plaintiffs to purchase over $74 million of debentures in Sentia. On August 24, 2022, the defendants filed their amended answer to the plaintiffs' complaint along with affirmative defenses and various counter-claims against the plaintiffs (together with plaintiff’s claims, the “Sentia Claims”) as well as claims (the “Third-Party Claims”) against third-parties Curaleaf Holdings, Inc., Cura Partners, Inc., and other individuals including Mr. Boris Jordan. The Third-Party Claims against Boris Jordan include claims for unjust enrichment, breach of fiduciary duty, fraud, violation of Oregon law, misappropriation of trade secrets, and tortious interference in connection with Curaleaf’s acquisition of Cura Partners, Inc. Nitin Khanna and the third-party plaintiffs seek actual damages in an amount of $515 million and other relief jointly and severally against the third-party defendants including Mr. Jordan. On October 25, 2022, Nitin Khanna and the third-party plaintiffs filed a stipulation of dismissal, which was subsequently signed by the judge, and which dismissed their claims against Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. and Cura Partners, Inc., but the claims against Mr. Jordan have not been dismissed.

On October 20, 2023, all parties to the Sentia Claims and the Third-Party Claims signed a comprehensive settlement dismissing claims among the parties including the Sentia Claims and Third-Party Claims. In connection with this settlement, subject to filing necessary documents with the relevant tribunals, all such claims against Mr. Jordan, Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. and their related entities will be dismissed with prejudice. None of Mr. Jordan, Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. and their related parties have made any admission or paid any consideration in connection with the settlement.

Connecticut Arbitration. Pursuant to the Second Operating Agreement of Doubling Road Holdings, LLC, the holders (the “Holders”) of a majority of the Series A-2 Units of Doubling Road Holdings had the right (the “Put Right”) to require that PalliaTech CT, LLC or any of its affiliates purchase all of the Series A-2 Units in exchange for shares of PalliaTech, Inc. (now Curaleaf, Inc.), the parent of PalliaTech CT, pursuant to a defined “Buy-Out Exchange Ratio.” On October 25, 2018, the Holders, the Company, and others entered into a Stipulation of Settlement in order to resolve a dispute with respect to the applicable Buy-Out Exchange Ratio for the Put Right. The Stipulation of Settlement provided, among other things, that PalliaTech CT purchased the Holders’ interests in exchange for (1) a payment of $40.1 million; (2) 4,755,548 SVS; and (3) the potential for additional equity in the Company depending on the results of a “Settlement Second Appraisal.” Pursuant to the Settlement Second Appraisal, dated December 12, 2019, and the terms of the Stipulation of Settlement, the Holders received 2,016,859 additional SVS. On January 23, 2020, the Holders filed claims in arbitration including for fraudulent inducement and breach of contract, relating primarily to a lock-up agreement that the Holders signed in connection with the Stipulation of Settlement. The hearing of the case took place in April 2022 and on September 6, 2022, the arbitrator issued a Final Partial Award dismissing all of the DRH plaintiffs’ claims and awarding costs of the arbitration to Curaleaf. The arbitrator issued a final award of the costs to be paid by the DRH plaintiffs to Curaleaf, and the immaterial reimbursement was received during the quarter ended December 31, 2022.

Parallel Illinois, LLC. On April 1, 2021, Curaleaf and the owners of the Illinois Assets (the “Plaintiffs”) signed definitive agreements to sell the Illinois Assets to Parallel Illinois, LLC (“Parallel”). Under the terms of the transaction, the purchase price for the Illinois Assets consists of up to $100 million base price to be paid $60 million in cash and $40 million in Parallel stock, plus earnouts of up to an additional $55 million payable through 2023. The Company received a $10 million deposit from Parallel, which was refundable under limited circumstances. On February 25, 2022, the Company received correspondence from Parallel’s 17 attorneys indicating that it will not be in a position to complete the acquisition of the Illinois Assets due to lack of financing, among other reasons, and declared its agreement to purchase the Illinois Assets terminated. The Company has asserted that Parallel’s actions have constituted material breaches of its agreement with Parallel and on February 2, 2022 filed an arbitration against Parallel and certain principals of Parallel for breach of contract, fraudulent misrepresentation and other claims. As a result of the breach of contract, management determined that the $10 million deposit received from Parallel is no longer refundable as of June 30, 2022, and accordingly recognized a gain within “Other income” in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Statement of Profits and Losses and Other Comprehensive Loss. As a result of the termination of the sale of the Illinois Assets to Parallel, during the current period, the Company grossed up a liability within “Other current liabilities” for the Illinois Exit Payment that will be due to the former owners of Grassroots, which was earlier recorded as a reduction (net) of held for sale assets, a result of the potential Illinois Waterfall Payment that will no longer be required to be remitted to the former owners of Grassroots in the event of Illinois Exit Payment. In September 2023, the Plaintiffs signed a final settlement with Parallel of their claims against Parallel arising out of its failure to complete the acquisition of the Illinois Assets. Parallel, which

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is currently in restructuring discussions with its creditors, has agreed to pay the Plaintiffs $500,000 contingent upon completion of such restructuring. Parallel has delivered to the Plaintiffs a confession of judgment for $15 million, which will be effective if Parallel fails to complete its restructuring and pay the settlement amount by January 2024 (subject to certain extensions). As part of this settlement, Parallel has formally released its claims against the Plaintiffs, including with respect to any claim for return of the $10 million deposit.

Taxes

The Company records tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting date. There is inherent uncertainty in quantifying income tax positions, especially considering the complex tax laws and regulations for federal, state and foreign jurisdictions in which the Company operates. The Company has recorded tax benefits for those tax positions where it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will result upon ultimate settlement with a tax authority that has all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more likely than not that a tax benefit will result, no tax benefit has been recognized in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company files tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which it operates. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by federal, state and foreign jurisdictions, where applicable. The Company is currently in the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) examination Appeals process for the tax years 2016, 2017, and 2018. The Company’s subsidiary, Curaleaf North Shore, Inc. (formerly known as Alternative Therapies Group, Inc.) has settled its Tax Court case related to an IRS examination for 2018. The settlement will not have a material effect on the Company’s Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. As of September 30, 2023 there is reasonable possibility that the unrecognized tax benefits will change within 12 months due to expirations of statute of limitations or audit settlements.

The IRS has proposed adjustments relating to the Company’s treatment of certain expenses under Section 280E of the Internal Revenue Code (“Section 280E”), however, the Company is defending its tax reporting positions before the IRS. The outcome of this audit remains unclear at this point. The Company also intends to litigate any further such challenges because it currently believes all of its other tax positions can be sustained under an IRS examination. The ultimate resolution of tax matters could have a material effect on the Company’s Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. As the IRS interpretations on Section 280E continue to evolve, the impact of any such challenges cannot be reliably estimated. The Company's tax years are still open under statute from December 31, 2016, to the present.

Note 19 — Related party transactions

Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control. Related parties may be individuals or corporate entities. A transaction is considered to be a related party transaction when there is a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties.

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The Company incurred the following transactions with related parties during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and had the following outstanding related party payable balance as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

				Nine months ended September 30,				Related party payable outstanding as of
Transaction		2022		2023		2022		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Consulting fees (1)	403	$	272	$	801	$	966	$	—	$	—
Travel and reimbursement (2)		23		45		346		—		—
Rent expense reimbursement (3)		18		—		54		—		—
Platform fees (4)		—		203		—		—		—
Senior Secured Notes - 2026 (5)		239		662		704		(10,000)		(10,000)
	653	$	552	$	1,711	$	2,070	$	(10,000)	$	(10,000)
(1) Consulting fees relate to real estate management and general advisory services provided by (i) Frontline Real Estate Partners, LLC, a company controlled by Mitchell Kahn, a Board Member, and in which Matt Darin, Chief Executive Officer, has a minority interest, as well as (ii) Measure 8 Venture Management, LLC, an investment company controlled by Boris Jordan, Executive Chairman and control person of the Company (including funds managed by such entity, “Measure 8”). There are on-going contractual commitments related to these transactions. The total consulting fees paid to Measure 8 were 0.3 million and 0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and were 0.3 million and 0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The total consulting fees paid to Frontline Real Estate Partners, LLC were 0.1 million and 0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 0.4 million and 0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(2) Travel and reimbursement relate to payments made to Measure 8 for reimbursements of certain expenses incurred. There are on-going contractual commitments related to these transactions.
(3) The Company recognized a rent expense credit for a sublease between Curaleaf NY LLC and Measure 8 and rent expense for a lease between GR Companies, Inc. and FREP Elm Place II, LLC, a company owned in part by Mr. Kahn. Both arrangements represent on-going contractual commitments based on executed leases.
(4) During the second quarter of 2023, Leaf Trade, Inc. (“Leaf Trade”) and SD Technologies (“Sweed”) completed a business combination and Measure 8 acquired a 6.8% stake in the holding company, High Tech Holdings, Inc. and received a seat on the board of directors. Leaf Trade provides Curaleaf with their B2B platform for Curaleaf’s Wholesale sector in exchange for fees to use the platform.
(5) Baldwin Holdings, LLC, in which Joseph F. Lusardi, the Company’s Executive Vice Chairman, and 3D Financial, in which Peter Derby, a Board Member, owns a direct equity interest, held 10 million and 2 million, respectively, of the total 475 million of Senior Secured Notes – 2026. The Company recognized interest expense related to the portion of the Senior Secured Notes - 2026 held by Baldwin Holdings, LLC. The Promissory Note – 2024, previously held by Baldwin Holdings, LLC and 3D Financial, was exchanged for Senior Secured Notes – 2026 as part of the private placement of Senior Secured Notes – 2026 completed by the Company in December 2021. As a result of this exchange, the Company repaid the notes, including interest and prepayment penalty. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized interest expense under the Promissory Note - 2024. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized interest expense under the Senior Secured Notes - 2026, some of which are attributable to Baldwin Holdings, LLC’s and 3D Financial’s direct equity interests. The Senior Secured Notes – 2026 held by Baldwin Holdings, LLC and 3D Financial contain certain repayment and interest components that represent on-going contractual commitments with this related party.

All values are in US Dollars.

Note 20 — Fair value measurements and financial risk management

The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents, notes receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, long-term debt, and redeemable non-controlling interest contingency. The fair values of cash, restricted cash, notes receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their carrying values due to the relatively short-term to maturity. The Company’s long-term notes payable carrying value at its effective interest rate approximates fair value.

Financial instruments recorded at fair value are classified using a fair value hierarchy that reflects the significance of the inputs to fair value measurements. The three levels of hierarchy are:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 – Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data.

The Company’s assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include investments, long-lived assets, and goodwill. The Company reviews the carrying amounts of such assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts may not be recoverable or at least annually for indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill. Any resulting asset impairment would require that the asset be recorded at its fair value. The resulting fair value measurements of the assets are considered to be Level 3 measurements.

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There were no transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022.

The following tables present the placement in the fair value hierarchy of liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	Fair value measurements as of September 30, 2023 using:
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Contingent consideration liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	16,493	$	16,493			Fair value measurements as of December 31, 2022 using:
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Contingent consideration liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	29,109	$	29,109

Level 1

Cash and cash equivalents, net accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, notes payable, investments, and other current assets and liabilities represent financial instruments for which the carrying amount approximates fair value.

Level 2

The Company does not have any assets or liabilities upon which the fair value is based upon Level 2 inputs.

Level 3

The fair value of contingent consideration is based upon the following Level 3 inputs:

•EMMAC – present value of EMMAC’s achievement regulatory approval for recreational cannabis and meeting certain revenue targets in the U.K. market as discussed in Note 4 — Acquisitions of the Company’s Annual Financial Statements. The following discount rates were utilized in the determination of the present value of the liabilities.

◦Regulatory approval for recreational cannabis – 1.8% in 2022 and 11.6% in 2023.

◦Revenue targets in the U.K. market – 1.8% in 2022 and 11.2% in 2023.

•Sapphire – present value of Sapphire’s achievement of certain revenue, script, and active patient count milestones during 2023 as discussed in Note 4 — Acquisitions of the Company’s Annual Financial Statements.

•Four20 – present value of Curaleaf’s shares to be issued utilizing a discount rate of 16.2% for the second tranche of shares to be issued, respectively as of September 30, 2023.

Financial Risk Management

The Company is exposed in varying degrees to a variety of financial instrument related risks. The Company’s risk exposures and the impact on the Company’s financial instruments are summarized below:

Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of a potential loss to the Company if a customer or third party to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations and arises principally from the Company’s notes and accounts receivable. The maximum credit exposure at September 30, 2023 and 2022 is the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and notes receivable. The Company does not have significant credit risk with respect to its customers. All cash and cash equivalents are placed with major U.S. financial institutions.

The Company provides credit to its wholesale and management services agreement (“MSA”) customers in the normal course of business and has established processes to mitigate credit risk. The amounts reported in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets are net of allowances for credit losses, estimated by the Company’s management based on prior experience and its assessment of the current economic environment. The Company reviews its trade receivable accounts regularly and reduces amounts to their expected realizable values by adjusting the allowance credit losses when management determines that the account may not be fully collectible. The Company applies ASC 310 – Receivables for the measurement of expected credit losses, which uses an expected loss allowance model for all trade receivables. The Company has not adopted standardized credit policies, but rather assesses credit on a customer-by-customer basis in an effort to minimize those risks.

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Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations associated with financial liabilities. The Company manages liquidity risk through the management of its capital structure. The Company’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure that it will have sufficient liquidity to settle obligations and liabilities when due.

In December 2021, the Company closed a private placement of Senior Secured Notes - 2026, for aggregate gross proceeds of $475 million to the Company. The notes bear interest on the unpaid principal amount at a rate of 8% per annum, compounded semi-annually and payable in arrears on June 15th and December 15th of each year during the term of the notes; the first of which will be June 15, 2022. The Note Indenture governing the Senior Secured Notes - 2026 contains numerous positive and negative covenants of the Company. If the Company breaches a covenant under the Note Indenture, the trustee may, under certain circumstances, accelerate the maturity of the principal amount outstanding or realize on the collateral granted by the Company over its assets. A breach of covenant under the Note Indenture could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position.

In connection with the Bloom acquisition, the Company issued three sets of secured promissory notes to the former Bloom owners in the aggregate of $160 million, which mature over three years. The first set of notes totaled $40 million and matured in January 2023. The second set of notes total $44 million, which mature in January 2024, bears interest at the rate of 6% per annum and interest payments are due quarterly.

The final set of promissory notes are convertible promissory notes with a principal amount totaling $60 million, which mature in January 2025 and bear interest at a rate of 4% per annum. Interest payments are not required until maturity, when all principal and accrued interest will be due. At the option of the sellers of Bloom, the third set of promissory notes may be paid by the Company issuing SVS at maturity. All three notes may be prepaid without penalty.

In addition to the commitments outlined in Note 10 — Notes payable and Note 18 — Commitments and contingencies, the Company has the following gross remaining contractual obligations:

	< 1 Year		1 to 3 Years		Total
For the period ended September 30, 2023:
Accounts payable	$	63,723	$	—	$	63,723
Accrued expenses	100,969		—		100,969
Other current liabilities	359		—		359
Contingent consideration liability	11,743		4,750		16,493
Other long-term liability	—		298		298
	$	176,794	$	5,048	$	181,842			< 1 Year		1 to 3 Years		Total
---	---	---	---	---	---	---
For the period ended December 31, 2022:
Accounts payable	$	80,789	$	—	$	80,789
Accrued expenses	103,311		—		103,311
Other current liabilities	1,725		—		1,725
Contingent consideration liability	18,537		10,572		29,109
Other long-term liability	—		312		312
	$	204,362	$	10,884	$	215,246

Currency Risk

The operating results and financial position of the Company are reported in U.S. dollars. Some of the Company’s financial transactions have been and may be denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The results of the Company’s operations are subject to currency transaction and translation risks.

As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no hedging agreements in place with respect to foreign exchange rates. The Company has not entered into any agreements or purchased any instruments to hedge possible currency risks at this time.

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Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. Cash and cash equivalents bear interest at market rates. The Company’s notes receivable and financial debts have fixed rates of interest and are carried at amortized cost. The Company does not account for any fixed-rate financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value, therefore, a change in interest rates at the reporting date would not affect profit or loss.

Capital Management

The Company’s objectives when managing capital are to ensure that there are adequate capital resources to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern and maintain adequate levels of funding to support its ongoing operations and development such that it can continue to provide returns to shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders.

The capital structure of the Company consists of items included in shareholders’ equity and debt, net of cash and cash equivalents. The Company manages its capital structure and makes adjustments to it in light of changes in economic conditions and the risk characteristics of the Company’s underlying assets. The Company plans to use existing funds, as well as funds from the future sale of products to fund operations and expansion activities.

Note 21 — Variable interest entities

The following tables presents the summarized financial information about the Company’s consolidated VIEs which are included in the Company’s Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements. The entities indicated below were determined to be VIEs as the Company possesses the power to direct activities through management service agreements or financing arrangements. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, VIEs classified as Other VIEs, in the following table, are CLF MD Processing and LLC and Broad Horizon Holdings, LLC.

The following table presents summarized financial information about the Company’s VIEs as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 included within the Condensed Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets:

	September 30, 2023						December 31, 2022
	Primary <br>Organic <br>Therapy, <br>Inc.		Remedy <br>Compassion <br>Center, Inc.		Other <br>VIEs		Primary <br>Organic <br>Therapy, <br>Inc.		Remedy <br>Compassion <br>Center, Inc.		Other <br>VIEs
Current assets	$	33,569	$	20,282	$	9,713	$	21,146	$	13,922	$	4,719
Non-current assets	33,344		5,676		12,423		32,932		5,762		9,233
Current liabilities	57,382		29,770		10,684		46,780		21,259		5,651
Non-current liabilities	6,630		1,027		7,934		3,952		735		6,094
Equity attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.	2,901		(4,838)		3,518		3,346		(2,310)		2,207

The following table presents summarized financial information about the Company’s VIEs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 included within the Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations:

	Three months ended September 30,
	2023						2022
	Primary <br>Organic <br>Therapy, <br>Inc.		Remedy <br>Compassion <br>Center, Inc.		Other <br>VIEs		Primary <br>Organic <br>Therapy, <br>Inc.		Remedy <br>Compassion <br>Center, Inc.		Other <br>VIEs
Revenues	$	5,655	$	6,526	$	10,898	$	2,631	$	2,667	$	6,266
Net income (loss) attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.	2,086		(2,658)		607		(514)		1,313		1,826

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	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023						2022
	Primary <br>Organic <br>Therapy, <br>Inc.		Remedy <br>Compassion <br>Center, Inc.		Other <br>VIEs		Primary <br>Organic <br>Therapy, <br>Inc.		Remedy <br>Compassion <br>Center, Inc.		Other <br>VIEs
Revenues	$	8,839	$	9,551	$	3,298	$	9,931	$	7,718	$	1,586
Net loss attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.	(840)		(2,469)		(29)		(710)		(153)		(514)

Note 22 — Revenue disaggregation

The following table presents the disaggregation of the Company’s total revenues from continuing operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues:
Retail revenue	$	273,233	$	258,220	$	820,057	$	729,064
Wholesale revenue	58,563		66,420		177,043		202,512
Management fee income	1,376		1,173		4,263		3,656
Total revenues	$	333,172	$	325,813	$	1,001,363	$	935,232

Note 23 — Subsequent events

On October 3, 2023, the Company announced the closing of its marketed offering of SVS for total gross proceeds to the Company of C$16.2 million. The SVS were offered in each of the Provinces of Canada, other than Québec, pursuant to a prospectus supplement dated September 28, 2023 to the Company's base shelf prospectus dated December 30, 2022, and in the United States on a private placement basis to “qualified institutional buyers” pursuant to exemptions from the registration requirements of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and applicable state securities laws.

On October 10, 2023, the Company announced that it filed its application to list its SVS (the “Potential Listing”) on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”). The Potential Listing remains subject to the review of the TSX and is contingent on the satisfaction of all listing and regulatory requirements. In the event the Potential Listing is completed, it is anticipated that the Company’s direct and indirect wholly owned subsidiaries that operate in the U.S. (the “U.S. Subsidiaries”) would be subject to certain restrictions on cash transfers, whereby, amongst other things, (i) the Company would be prohibited from flowing any cash to the U.S. Subsidiaries, and (ii) the U.S. Subsidiaries would be prohibited from flowing any cash to the Company, whether by way of dividend or otherwise. There is no assurance that the TSX will approve the listing application, or that the Company will complete the listing as currently proposed. See “Risk Factors – Risks Related to the Potential Listing” for further details.

On October 12, 2023, the Company issued to the Tryke Acquisition seller 5,142,919 SVS as part of the installment consideration payment due on the first anniversary of the closing of acquisition, pursuant to the Membership Purchase Agreement, signed November 8, 2021, and amended on October 4, 2022.

On October 13, 2023, the Company issued to the Four20 Pharma sellers 701,531 SVS as a “true up” payment on due on the first anniversary of the closing of the Four20 Pharma acquisition in accordance with the Share Purchase Agreement, signed, August 8, 2022.

RISK FACTORS

Risks Related to the Potential Listing

The completion of the Potential Listing is subject to a number of conditions precedent, certain of which are outside the control of the Company, including the receipt of conditional approval from TSX and regulatory approvals. There can be no certainty that all conditions precedent to the Potential Listing will be satisfied or waived, nor can there be any certainty as to the timing of their satisfaction or waiver. Moreover, a substantial delay in obtaining satisfactory approvals and consents could result in the Potential Listing not being completed. Certain costs relating to the Potential Listing, such as legal, accounting and advisory fees must be paid by the Company even if the Potential Listing is not completed. This may have a material adverse effect upon the business, financial condition and results of operations of the Company

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and may cause the value of the SVS to decline. In addition, if the Potential Listing is not completed, the market price of the SVS may be negatively impacted to the extent that the market price reflects a market assumption that a Potential Listing will be completed.

The Potential Listing could cause the attention of management of the Company to be diverted from day-to-day operations. These disruptions could be exacerbated by a delay in the completion of the Potential Listing and could have an adverse effect on the business, operating results or prospects of the Company regardless of whether the Potential Listing is ultimately completed.

On October 16, 2017, the TSX provided clarity regarding the application of Sections 306 (Minimum Listing Requirements) and 325 (Management) and Part VII (Halting of Trading, Suspension and Delisting of Securities) of the TSX Company Manual (collectively, the “TSX Requirements”) to issuers with business activities in the cannabis sector. In TSX Staff Notice 2017-0009, the TSX stated that issuers with ongoing business activities that violate U.S. federal law regarding cannabis are not in compliance with the TSX Requirements. The TSX noted that these non-compliant business activities may include (i) direct or indirect ownership of, or investment in, entities engaging in activities related to the cultivation, distribution or possession of cannabis in the U.S., (ii) commercial interests or arrangements with such entities, (iii) providing services or products specifically targeted to such entities, or (iv) commercial interests or arrangements with entities engaging in providing services or products to U.S. cannabis companies. The TSX reminded issuers that, among other things, should the TSX find that a listed issuer is engaging in activities contrary to the TSX Requirements, the TSX has the discretion to initiate a delisting review. The TSX reminded issuers that, among other things, should the TSX find that a listed issuer is engaging in activities contrary to the TSX Requirements, the TSX has the discretion to initiate a delisting review.

In the event the Potential Listing is completed, it is anticipated that the U.S. Subsidiaries would be subject to certain restrictions on cash transfers, whereby, amongst other things, (i) the Company would be prohibited from flowing any cash to the U.S. Subsidiaries, and (ii) the U.S. Subsidiaries would be prohibited from flowing any cash to the Company, whether by way of dividend or otherwise. Should the Company proceeds with a TSX Listing, it is expected to be able to comply with the TSX Requirements following the Potential Listing, there is a risk that our interpretation may differ from the TSX and failure to comply with the TSX Requirements could result in the denial of an application for certain approvals, and could even lead to a delisting from the TSX, which could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our SVS and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Should the Company proceed with the Potential Listing, it is expected to be able to comply with the TSX Requirements following a Potential Listing, but there is a risk that our interpretation may differ from the TSX and failure to comply with the TSX Requirements could result in the denial of an application for certain approvals, and could even lead to a delisting from the TSX, which could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our SVS and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In the event of a Potential Listing, any investments, joint ventures or operations thereafter in the United States, may become the subject of heightened scrutiny by regulators, stock exchanges and other authorities in Canada. As a result, we may be subject to significant direct and indirect interaction with public officials. There can be no assurance that this heightened scrutiny will not in turn lead to the imposition of certain restrictions on our ability to invest in the United States or any other jurisdiction, in addition to those described herein.

31

Document

CURALEAF HOLDINGS, INC.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

For the Three and Nine Months Ended

September 30, 2023 and 2022

(Expressed in Thousands United States Dollars Unless Otherwise Stated)

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

This management discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) of the financial condition and results of operations of Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. (the “Company,” “Curaleaf,” “we,” “us” and “our”) is for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 prepared as of November 13, 2023. It is supplemental to, and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying notes as of and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (the “Interim Financial Statements”). For the purposes of this MD&A, the terms “Company” and “Curaleaf” mean Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. and, unless the context otherwise requires, includes its subsidiaries. Additional public disclosure documents and information pertaining to the Company, including the Company’s audited financial statements and related notes for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “Annual Financial Statements”), the Company’s annual MD&A for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “Annual MD&A”) and the Company’s annual information form for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “Annual Information Form”), are available on the Company’s website at www.curaleaf.com, through the SEDAR website at www.sedarplus.ca or through the EDGAR website at www.sec.gov/edgar. Financial information presented in this MD&A is presented in United States (“U.S.”) dollars (“$” or “US$”), unless otherwise indicated.

This MD&A has been prepared by reference to the MD&A disclosure requirements established under National Instrument 51-102 – Continuous Disclosure Obligations of the Canadian Securities Administrators and Staff Notice 51-352 (Revised) – Issuers with U.S. Marijuana Related Activities (“Staff Notice 51-352”).

This MD&A contains “forward-looking information” and “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Canadian securities laws and U.S. securities laws (together, “forward-looking statements”). Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based on management’s current beliefs, expectations or assumptions regarding the future of the business, future plans and strategies, operational results and other future conditions of the Company. In addition, the Company may make or approve certain statements in future filings with Canadian securities regulatory authorities, in press releases, or in oral or written presentations by representatives of the Company that are not statements of historical fact and may also constitute forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, made by the Company that address activities, events or developments that the Company expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, statements preceded by, followed by or that include words such as “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “believes”, “estimates,” “projects,” “potential,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “targeted,” “continues,” “forecasts,” “designed,” “goal” or the negative of those words or other similar or comparable words and includes, among others, information regarding: expectations for the effects and potential benefits of any transactions; statements relating to the business and future activities of, and developments related to, the Company after the date of this MD&A, including such things as future business strategy, competitive strengths, goals, expansion and growth of the Company’s business, operations and plans; expectations that licenses applied for will be obtained; potential future legalization of adult-use and/or medical cannabis under U.S. federal law; expectations of market size and growth in the U.S. and the states in which the Company operates; expectations for other economic, business, regulatory and/or competitive factors related to the Company or the cannabis industry generally; the ability for U.S. holders of securities of the Company to sell them on the Canadian Securities Exchange (“CSE”); the Potential Listing (as defined herein) of the subordinate voting shares in the capital of the Company (the “SVS”) on the Toronto Stock Exchange (“TSX”) and other events or conditions that may occur in the future. Forward-looking statements may relate to future financial conditions, results of operations, plans, objectives, performance or business developments. These statements speak only as of and at the date they are made and are based on information currently available and on the then current expectations. Holders of securities of the Company are cautioned that forward-looking statements are not based on historical facts, but instead are based on reasonable assumptions and estimates of management of the Company at the time they were provided or made and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company, as applicable, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, risks and uncertainties related to: the legality of cannabis in the U.S., including the fact that cannabis is a controlled substance under the U.S. Federal Controlled Substances Act; anti-money laundering laws and regulations; the lack of access to U.S. bankruptcy protections; financing risks, including risks related to additional financing and restricted access to banking; general regulatory and legal risks including risk of legal, regulatory or political change; general regulatory and licensing risks; limitation on ownership of licenses; risks relating to regulatory action and approvals from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”); loss of foreign private issuer status; risks related to internal controls over financial reporting; risks related to the recent restatement of certain of our financial statements; litigation

risks; increased costs as a result of being a public company in Canada and the U.S.; environmental risks, including risks related to environmental regulation and unknown environmental risks; general business risks including risks related to the Company’s expansion into foreign jurisdictions; future acquisitions or dispositions; service providers; enforceability of contracts; the ability of our shareholders to resale their SVS on the CSE; the Company’s reliance on senior management and key personnel and the Company’s ability to recruit and retain such senior management and key personnel; competition risks; risks inherent in an agricultural business; unfavorable publicity or consumer perception; product liability risks; product recalls; the results of future clinical research; dependence on suppliers; reliance on inputs; risks related to limited market data and difficulty to forecast; intellectual property risks; constraints on marketing products; fraudulent or illegal activity by employees, consultants and contractors; information technology systems and cyber-attacks; security breaches; the Company’s reliance on management services agreements with subsidiaries and affiliates; website accessibility; high bonding and insurance coverage; risks of leverage; management of the Company’s growth; the fact that past performance may not be indicative of future results and that financial projections may prove materially inaccurate or incorrect; risks related to conflicts of interests; challenging global economic conditions; business structure risks; including the status of the Company as a holding company; no dividend record; risks related to the Senior Secured Notes - 2026 (as defined herein); concentrated voting control; risks related to the sale of a substantial amount of our SVS; the volatility of the market price for the SVS; liquidity risks associated with an investment in the SVS; enforcement against directors and officers outside of Canada may prove difficult; and tax risks; as well as those risk factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in the Annual Information Form and the other risk factors described herein.

The purpose of forward-looking statements is to provide the reader with a description of management’s expectations, and such forward-looking statements may not be appropriate for any other purpose. In particular, but without limiting the foregoing, disclosure in this MD&A as well as statements regarding the Company’s objectives, plans and goals, including future operating results and economic performance, may make reference to or involve forward-looking statements. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to have been correct. Certain of the forward-looking statements and other information contained herein concerning the cannabis industry, its medical, adult-use and hemp-based markets, including its hemp-based cannabidiol (“CBD”) markets, and the general expectations of the Company concerning the industry and the Company’s business and operations are based on estimates prepared by the Company using data from publicly available governmental sources as well as from market research and industry analysis and on assumptions based on data and knowledge of this industry which the Company believes to be reasonable. However, although generally indicative of relative market positions, market shares and performance characteristics, such data is inherently imprecise. While the Company is not aware of any misstatement regarding any industry or government data presented herein, the cannabis industry involves risks and uncertainties that are subject to change based on various factors.

A number of factors could cause actual events, performance or results to differ materially from what is projected in the forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements contained in this MD&A. Such forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this MD&A. The Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. The Company’s forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.

This MD&A may contain financial outlook information about the Company’s prospective results of operations, production and production efficiency, commercialization, revenue and cash on hand, all of which are subject to the same assumptions, risk factors, limitations, and qualifications as set forth in the above paragraph. Financial outlook contained in this MD&A was approved by management as of the date of this MD&A and was provided for the purpose of providing further information about the Company’s future business operations. The Company has no intention or obligation to update or revise any financial outlook contained in this MD&A, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless required pursuant to applicable law. Readers of this MD&A are cautioned that the financial outlook contained in the MD&A should not be used for purposes other than for which it is disclosed herein.

OVERVIEW OF THE COMPANY

Curaleaf is a leading producer and distributor of consumer products in cannabis, with a mission to improve lives by providing clarity around cannabis and confidence around consumption. As a vertically integrated, high-growth cannabis operator known for quality, expertise, and reliability, the Company and its brands, including Curaleaf, Select, and Grassroots, provide industry-leading services, product selection, and accessibility across the medical and adult-use markets in the U.S. and is headquartered in New York, New York. In the U.S., our focus is on limited license states. As of September 30, 2023, in the U.S., our brands are sold in 17 states with operations encompassing 146 dispensaries, 21 cultivation sites and 23 processing sites, actively operating within Arizona, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Utah and Vermont. As of September 30, 2023, in the U.S., our discontinued operations include six dispensaries, two cultivation sites and six processing sites located within California, Colorado, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan and Oregon. In Europe, we have a fully integrated medical cannabis business with licensed cultivation in Portugal, three pharma grade cannabis processing and manufacturing facilities in Spain, the United Kingdom (“U.K.”) and Germany and licensed medical cannabis distribution in the U.K. and Germany. In the U.K., we also hold a pharmacy license and operate medical cannabis clinics in England and Scotland, enabling the supply of medical cannabis directly to medical-use patients. Additionally, we supply medical cannabis on a wholesale basis across Europe, including into Germany and Poland.

We leverage our extensive research and development capabilities to distribute cannabis products with the highest standard for safety, effectiveness, consistent quality and customer care. We are committed to being the cannabis industry’s leading resource in education and advancement through research and advocacy and are focused on developing a trusted, national brand. We market to medical-use and adult-use customers through brand strategies intended to build trust and loyalty.

We were an early entrant into the U.S. state-legal cannabis industry, which remains one of the fastest growing industries in the U.S. Currently, the Company is a diversified holding company dedicated to delivering market-leading products and services, while also building trusted national brands within the cannabis industry. Through our team of physicians, pharmacists, medical experts and industry innovators, we have developed a portfolio of branded cannabis-based therapeutic offerings in multiple formats and a strategic network of branded retail dispensaries.

We are operated by an executive team that has significant experience in the cannabis industry and a robust operational and acquisition track-record as to all facets of our operations, which has facilitated the execution of our business plan to rapidly scale our business.

In order to achieve our strategy, we have completed several acquisitions since our formation and expect to continue to actively pursue other acquisitions, dispositions and investment opportunities in the future.

The Company is incorporated under the laws of British Columbia, Canada, and its SVS are listed on the CSE under the symbol “CURA” and quoted on the OTCQX ® Best Market under the symbol “CURLF.”

On December 30, 2022, we filed a final short form base shelf prospectus in Canada (the “Base Shelf Prospectus”) and a shelf registration statement on Form F-10, (File No 333-269109) (the “Registration Statement”), with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the U.S./Canada Multijurisdictional Disclosure System (“MJDS”). The Base Shelf Prospectus and Registration Statement allow us to offer up to $1.0 billion (or the equivalent thereof, at the date of issue, in any other currency, or currencies, as the case may be) worth of SVS, debt securities, subscription receipts, warrants and units, or any combination thereof, from time to time, during the 25-month period that the Base Shelf Prospectus and/or Registration Statement are effective (subject to MJDS eligibility). The specific terms of any future offering of our securities, including the use of proceeds from any offering, will be established in a supplement to the Base Shelf Prospectus and/or Registration Statement, which will be filed with the applicable Canadian securities regulatory authorities and/or the SEC.

The Interim Financial Statements include the financial statements of the Company and its direct subsidiaries, indirect subsidiaries that are not wholly owned by the Company, and other entities consolidated other than on the basis of ownership, as presented in the following table.

Legal Entity Name	Operations Location	September 30, 2023 Ownership %	December 31, 2022 Ownership %
CLF AZ, Inc.	AZ	100%	100%
CLF NY, Inc.	NY	100%	100%
Curaleaf CA, Inc.	CA	100%	100%
Curaleaf KY, Inc.	KY	100%	100%
Curaleaf Massachusetts, Inc.	MA	100%	100%
Curaleaf MD, LLC	MD	100%	100%
Curaleaf OGT, Inc.	OH	100%	100%
Curaleaf PA, LLC	PA	100%	100%
Curaleaf, Inc.	MA	100%	100%
Focused Investment Partners, LLC	MA	100%	100%
CLF Maine, Inc.	ME	100%	100%
PalliaTech CT, Inc.	CT	100%	100%
CLF Oregon, LLC (formerly PalliaTech OR, LLC)	OR	100%	100%
PalliaTech Florida, Inc.	FL	100%	100%
PT Nevada, Inc.	NV	100%	100%
CLF Sapphire Holdings, Inc.	OR	100%	100%
Curaleaf NJ II, Inc.	NJ	100%	100%
Focused Employer, Inc.	MA	100%	100%
GR Companies, Inc.	IL	100%	100%
CLF MD Employer, LLC	MD	100%	100%
Curaleaf Columbia, LLC (formerly HMS Sales, LLC)	MD	100%	100%
MI Health, LLC	MD	100%	100%
Curaleaf Compassionate Care VA, LLC	VA	100%	100%
Curaleaf UT, LLC	UT	100%	100%
Curaleaf Processing, Inc	MA	100%	100%
Virginia's Kitchen, LLC	CO	100%	100%
Cura CO LLC	CO	100%	100%
Curaleaf Stamford, Inc.	CT	100%	100%
CLF Holdings Alabama, Inc.	AL	100%	100%
Curaleaf Maine Dispensary, Inc.	ME	100%	100%
Curaleaf International Holdings Limited	Guernsey	69%	69%

Company Performance and Objectives

We are currently active in numerous cannabis programs across the U.S. and internationally. In the U.S., 47 states have legalized some form of cannabis use, including low dose THC/CBD medical programs for patients with certain qualifying conditions. In states that have legalized medical-use of cannabis, a regulatory framework is in place whereby patients can receive a recommendation from a certified physician to purchase medical cannabis in approved dispensaries. In the U.S., 23 states have legalized cannabis for adult-use (“adult-use”). In many of these adult-use states, customers can purchase cannabis from approved dispensaries by providing identification proving the customer is 21 years of age or older. In the U.S. cannabis products cannot be sold via interstate commerce. In Europe, only medical cannabis sales are allowed, and cannabis products can be sold between jurisdictions in which medical cannabis is legal.

While we seek to build strong brands and brand recognition, under the current regulatory regime, a key aspect to successful distribution and strong margins is achieving “vertical integration” in each cannabis program in which it operates. Vertical integration means controlling the entire supply chain: from cultivating cannabis, to processing the cannabis into oils and other formulated products, and, ultimately, to selling the end-product to adult-use customers and/or medical-use patients.

We plan to continue growth of our U.S. operations via expansion in three dimensions: (1) acquiring licenses in limited-license markets, (2) increasing presence in current markets and (3) optimizing exposure in mass markets. While the our goal

is to have our own licensed operations in each of our markets, we may enter a market through production and/or marketing arrangements whereby such arrangements provide us with the opportunity for an accelerated roll-out. We also plan to continue investing internationally, in an effort to expand our vertically integrated presence in major medical-use markets across Europe and best position ourselves to benefit from the potential legalization of adult-use across the European continent.

Limited-License Markets. The majority of the markets in which we currently operate have formal regulations limiting the number of cannabis licenses that can be awarded; thus forming high barriers to entry, limited market participants and protected market share in these limited-license markets. We intend to apply for new licenses or acquire businesses within limited-license markets in which we do not currently operate.

Increasing Presence in Current Markets. We plan to grow within our current markets by pursuing opportunities for vertical integration, acquiring additional dispensary licenses and/or entering into production and marketing relationships intended to build our brand and expand our distributional footprint. We intend to apply for new licenses as available and determined by each state.

Optimizing Exposure in Mass Markets. We have established ourselves as a market leader in the U.S. and have become a dominant player due to our competitive pricing, experienced management, strong capitalization and strong brand goodwill. In mass markets, which exhibit a free market dynamic typical of other industries, but may also be pressured by certain aspects beyond the our control (e.g., unfavorable business and/or regulatory environment and/or lack of enforcement against the respective illicit markets), such as California, we intend to optimize our exposure by rationalizing our operations down to an asset-light structure, whereby our brands maintain presence through licensing arrangements.

International Expansion. We believe we are currently the largest vertically integrated operator in Europe’s medical-use markets, with leading share in certain European markets and the broadest overall footprint. We will continue to invest in vertical integration across Europe, in the form of licenses, production, medical clinics, brands and products, in order to grow our current market share and best position ourselves to benefit from the potential legalization of adult-use cannabis across Europe.

The Company expects acquisition related costs as well as, marketing and selling expenses, to increase as it expands its presence in current markets and expands into new markets, both domestically and internationally. The Company also expects to achieve operating efficiencies through synergies from acquisitions as well as via economies of scale that will arise through the continued expansion.

Operating Segments

In accordance with ASC 280 - Segment Reporting, the Company determined its two operating segments, which are also its reportable segments, are (i) domestic operations and (ii) international operations. These segments reflect how the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) manages, allocates resources to and evaluates the performance of the Company’s operations, as well as how the Company’s internal management financial reporting is structured.

Principal Products and Services

Through our subsidiaries and affiliates, we operate in highly regulated markets that require expertise in cultivation, manufacturing, retail operations and logistics. We leverage our internal research and development capabilities to assist its state-licensed entities to manufacture cannabis products in multiple formats with high standards for safety, effectiveness, consistency, quality and customer care. Currently, our U.S. subsidiary entities cultivate, process, market and/or dispense a wide-range of permitted cannabis products across our operating footprint, including: flower, pre-rolls and flower pods, dry-herb vaporizer cartridges, concentrates for vaporizing, such as pre-filled vaporizer cartridges and disposable vaporizer pens, concentrates for dabbing such as distillate droppers, mints, topical balms and lotions, tinctures, lozenges, capsules and edibles. We also produce certain cannabis products that meet the definition of hemp, including products that may have intoxicating properties but which contain less than 0.3% delta-9-THC, by dry weight.

In most of our U.S. and European markets, our licensed entities are vertically-integrated. In most U.S. states, in which our licensed entities operate, products are sold under the Curaleaf and Select brands and within Curaleaf dispensaries.

We believe that we have developed the in-house resources to ensure our U.S. state-licensed entities maintain best practices in cannabis cultivation, processing and dispensing, and we are dedicated to staying at the forefront of technology in the industry. We continue to invest strategically in infrastructure to ensure our U.S. state-licensed entities maintain low overall

production costs and adaptability in their product mix to ensure timely response to the rapidly developing domestic cannabis market. Our intent is to use our footprint to share know-how and technology throughout our operations.

•Cultivation: Our U.S. cultivation facilities have 368 unique cultivars in the production phase, which have been tested and characterized for yield, cannabinoid content and other properties. Additionally, our U.S. state-licensed entities cultivate cannabis using a variety of methods, including greenhouse, outdoor, indoor and two-tier indoor cultivation.

•Extraction and Purification: Our U.S. extraction facilities use proprietary processes for cannabis and terpene purification. We believe our manufacturers are industry leaders in achieving the desired composition of cannabinoids and terpenes in finished products through processing and purification; thereby enabling timely response to trends in medical cannabis product formulation.

•Formulation and Quality Control: Our U.S. processing facilities produce a broad range of solid, liquid and inhaled products utilizing the breadth of our in-house knowledge and experience. By synergizing our expertise in cultivation, manufacturing and analytical laboratory operations, our processors have developed a complete in-house quality assurance and quality control program. In-house quality assurance enables rapid product development cycles and production of higher quality consumer products.

Research and Development

Our research and development activities primarily focus on optimizing cultivation and manufacturing techniques, developing new manufactured products and on the medical benefits of cannabis.

We collect data on the number of grams of cannabis flower produced per watt of light, per square foot and per plant, which inform our cultivators with key insights on optimal cultivation methods through the adjustment of certain variables, such as cannabis strain variety and plant spacing. Our cultivators also institute pest management techniques in our cultivation facilities and document related successes and failures. This knowledge is in turn shared across all of our cultivation operations.

We also research new methods of cannabis extraction for the development of new manufactured cannabis products. Our research and development activities operate on an on-going basis, as we continually seek to improve current manufacturing methods for our licensed entities.

Internationally, we continue to develop our clinical research program, which includes the first bench to bedside medicinal cannabis research and drug development pipeline with basic science and clinical research collaborations across leading universities, including Imperial College London and The Institute of Cancer Research, London. This program includes in vitro experiments to identify specific ratios of cannabinoids that are best used for pain treatment, the results of which are published in the Journal of Pain Research.

In addition, we were a key contributor in the development of the pioneering U.K. Medical Cannabis Registry (the “Registry”), which performed two analyses of our own-branded and manufactured extracted cannabis medicines for treatment of pain in U.K. patients. These have shown positive findings in patients prescribed oils, dried flower, and a combination of our products. The results have been subsequently presented at international scientific conferences and published in the Journal of Clinical Pharmacology in 2022 and the Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics in April 2023. A further four evaluations of our own branded and manufactured medical cannabis oils and dried flower in chronic pain, anxiety, and fibromyalgia have also been completed. The results of these were presented at the International Cannabinoid Research Society’s annual conference in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in June 2023. They have also all been submitted for peer-reviewed publication.

We continue to be an industry leader in publishing real-world evidence in Europe. At present, 17 research publications have arisen from the U.K. Medical Cannabis Registry (the “Registry”), covering chronic pain, anxiety, fibromyalgia, autism spectrum disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (“PTSD”), depression, inflammatory bowel disease, headaches and childhood epilepsy. This research has received two awards from the Japanese Society of Neuropsychopharmacology and the journal “Neuropsychopharmacology Reports.”

We have published 13 peer-reviewed research articles, of which five have been published in 2023, which demonstrate the value that patients place in our own research performed using the Registry, alongside providing expert commentary on the use of medical cannabis for the treatment of neurological disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Previously, we have published leading opinion pieces on the status of medical cannabis

research, in addition to conducting fundamental research on the perceived stigma of medical cannabis patients in the U.K. which is strategically important in the future education of patients, public, and healthcare professionals.

To-date, in 2023, we have presented 19 research abstracts across both the International Cannabinoid Research Society 2023 conferences and the British Pain Society National Meeting, of which 14 contained outcomes from the Registry. Later this year researchers will be presenting findings at the Society for the Study of Addiction, as well as giving an invited talk at Neuro Tech 2023. Finally, we have a total of 11 studies submitted for peer review at present, with the majority of these expected to be published between the date hereof and early 2024.

Production and Sales

As of September 30, 2023, our continuing operations had 21 cultivation facilities, totaling approximately 1.4 million square feet, and 23 processing facilities in the U.S., while our discontinued operations had two cultivation facilities, totaling approximately 2.2 million square feet, and six processing facilities. Each of our production facilities (cultivation and processing) built to ISO 8 cleanroom specifications and employs advanced nutritional and pharmaceutical formulations technology for optimal delivery methods. Each of our production facility focuses primarily on the commercialization of cannabis products, with high standards for quality control and patient care. As an illustration of our commitment, to high quality and patient care, our Florida operations were the first in the cannabis industry to be certified under the Global Food Safety Initiative’s Safe Quality Food Program.

Our domestic sales are driven primarily by retail sales in our state-licensed dispensaries. In multiple states, our dispensaries offer customers the option to order online to pick-up in store. Certain of our state-licensed dispensaries offer home delivery services, in compliance in all material respects with the applicable state-specific regulations. In Florida, Nevada and Utah, we offer drive-thru service at select dispensaries.

Our international sales are driven by distributions of medical cannabis in the U.K., Germany, and Switzerland, direct-to-patient sales via a medical cannabis pharmacy in the U.K. and wholesale sales of medical cannabis to several European markets, including Germany.

We are focused on expanding our dispensary e-commerce operations and delivery operations within the U.S. and European markets, where permitted, to increase the accessibility of our cannabis products to our customers and to meet the demands of the ever-evolving landscape for cannabis sales.

Intellectual Property

We have spent considerable time and resources to establish premium and recognizable brands amongst consumers and retailers in the cannabis industry, through the development of multiple proprietary product formats, technologies and processes to ensure high quality standards for licensees’ premium cannabis products. These proprietary technologies and processes include our cultivation and extraction techniques, product formulations and cannabis delivery and monitoring systems. We employ non-disclosure and confidentiality agreements to maintain confidentiality through the patenting process for our propriety processes and materials.

As of September 30, 2023, we have one federally registered patent with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and one pending patent application with the USPTO. Additionally, we have several registered trademarks with and multiple trademarks that are pending approval by the USPTO, and we are actively pursuing the filing of additional trademarks with the USPTO. All federal registered trademarks in the U.S. are subject to renewal 10 years from the date of registration with the USPTO. We have multiple trademarks registered in various states and are actively pursuing the filing of additional trademarks with certain states. We also have a significant number of trademarks registered in various international jurisdictions.

In addition to our registered patent and trademarks, we own numerous website domains, including www.curaleaf.com, and numerous accounts across major social media platforms.

We maintain an in-house legal team, as well as engage outside legal counsel, to actively monitor and identify potential infringements on our intellectual property.

Competitive Conditions

The U.S. cannabis industry is highly competitive. We compete on quality, price, brand recognition, distribution strength, shelf space in retail dispensaries and customer attraction and retention within both the retail and wholesale cannabis markets. We compete with numerous cannabis producing companies with various business models, from small family-owned

operations to multi-billion-dollar market capitalized multi-state operators. In certain markets, we also compete with a number of illegally operating dispensaries, which serve as competition. We maintain an operational footprint primarily in U.S. states with high barriers to entry and limited market participants due to the limited availability of state licenses and/or local permitting as well as stringent operating and capital requirements. The majority of the markets in which our licensees operate have formal regulations limiting the number of cannabis licenses that will be awarded, helping to ensure our market share is protected in these limited-market states under the current regulatory framework.

As cannabis remains federally illegal in the U.S., businesses seeking to enter the domestic cannabis market face additional challenges regarding access to capital. Presently, there is not a reliable source of U.S. bank lending or equity capital available to fund operations in the U.S. cannabis sector. Nevertheless, we are well-capitalized, and believe that the level of expertise and significant capital investment required to operate our large-scale, vertically-integrated cannabis operations make it difficult and inefficient for smaller cannabis operators to enter the domestic cannabis market. As the cannabis industry continues to rapidly expand and its liberalization accelerates, we expect to face competition from other companies, some of which can be expected to have longer operating histories, more financial, production and marketing resources and more experience than us.

For additional details on the competition we face, refer to the “Risk Factors” section in the Annual Information Form. For additional details on the U.S. regulatory environment and the U.S. states in which we operate, refer to the “Regulatory Environment: Issuers with United States Cannabis-Related Assets” section in this MD&A.

Through Curaleaf International Holdings Limited (“International Holdings”), we face competition from a number of companies operating in the European medical cannabis sector and in each specific country where we operate and intend to operate. Refer to the heading “Risk Factors – General Business Risks – Expansion into Foreign Jurisdictions” of the Annual Information Form.

Components of Our Results of Operations

U.S. Operations

Revenue

Retail and Wholesale Revenue

Domestically, we derive retail and wholesale revenue in the states in which we are The Company derives its domestic retail and wholesale revenue in U.S. states in which we are licensed to cultivate, process, distribute and/or sell cannabis and hemp. We sell directly to customers via our retail stores and sell wholesale to third-party dispensaries and/or processors.

Internationally, our retail medical cannabis revenues are generated solely in the U.K. via our pharmacy license that enables us to fulfill cannabis prescriptions directly to the patient through our online pharmacy. The remainder of our international revenues are generated through wholesale transactions. In Germany, we supply medical cannabis on a wholesale basis to pharmacies and to other distributors, we supply medical cannabis to private importers of our products. All international, non-cannabis revenues are derived from wholesale transactions in Spain, the U.K., Switzerland and Germany.

Management Fee Income

Management fee income represents revenue earned through management services agreements pursuant to which we provide professional services, including cultivation, processing and retail know-how, back-office administration, intellectual property licensing, real estate leasing services and lending facilities to medical and adult-use cannabis licensees. We recognize management fee income on a straight-line basis over the term of the related management service agreement. This revenue has been steadily declining, as we have ceased to provide management services for several entities, often as a result of acquiring such entities.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold is derived from production costs incurred as a result of our vertical cultivation and production of cannabis products, as well as wholesale purchases made from other domestically licensed producers in states within which we operate. Cost of goods sold includes the costs directly and indirectly attributable to the production of inventory and costs incurred in the cultivation and manufacture of finished cannabis goods, such as flower, concentrates and edibles. Such costs include, but are not limited to, material, labor, supplies, depreciation expense on production equipment, utilities and facilities costs associated with cultivation.

Gross Profit

Gross profit is revenue less cost of goods sold. We currently do not utilize all of our available production capacity as we have built operations ahead of current capacity needs in-line with our strategy around continued growth and in preparation for market expansion resulting from progressive legalization of adult-use cannabis throughout the U.S. on both a state-basis and federally. As such, we expect gross profit to increase over the foreseeable future as we increase the utilization of our available production capacity.

Operating Expenses

Operating expenses consist of costs for selling, general and administrative, share-based compensation as well as depreciation and amortization.

Selling, general and administrative expenses consists of costs for salaries and benefits, sales and marketing, rent and occupancy, travel, professional fees, office supplies and services and other general and administrative expenses, such as for insurance, director fees and new business development expenses.

Domestically, salaries and benefits expenses include non-cost-of-goods sold labor for each retail location and labor expenses for our corporate employees. We expect salaries and benefits to increase proportionally with each retail store opening, before leveling off as we scale our operations in each cannabis market. Internationally, salaries and benefits include non-cost-of-goods sold labor for our retail and wholesale operations in Europe and labor expenses for our corporate employees.

Domestically, sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of branding and marketing costs incurred to support our retail stores and product development expenses. We expect sales and marketing expenses to increase proportionally with each retail store opening. Internationally, sales and marketing expenses consist of marketing expenses incurred to support patient and doctor awareness of International Holdings’ medical cannabis products and are focused in two key markets, U.K. and Germany. We expect sales and marketing expenses to increase proportionally with market expansion and growth in our customer-base within existing markets.

Professional fees consist of costs incurred for accounting, legal and acquisition-related consulting needs. We expect professional fees to fluctuate as certain events and circumstances, such as acquisitions, arise.

Other Income (Expense), net

Other income (expense), net consists of interest income, interest expense and income and losses generated from gains and losses on our investments, gains and losses on the disposal of assets and liabilities, gains and losses on the extinguishment of debt, and impairment losses. Internationally, other income (expense), net also consists of gains and losses incurred as a result of mark-to-market revaluation of marketable securities that we hold.

Interest income

We earn interest income on notes receivable with various parties.

Interest expense

Interest expense consists of interest on outstanding borrowings under various promissory note agreements, amortization of debt discounts and deferred financing costs as well as imputed interest expense on our finance lease liabilities.

Income taxes

We file tax returns as prescribed by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which we operate. In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to examination by federal, state and foreign jurisdictions, as applicable.

Domestically, certain of our operations are subject to Section 280E of the Internal Revenue Code (“Section 280E”). Section 280E prohibits businesses engaged in the trafficking of controlled substances (within the meaning of Schedule I and II of the federal Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. § 811) (the “CSA”)) from deducting normal business expenses associated with the sale of said controlled substances, such as payroll and rent, from gross profit on their federal tax returns. As a result, Section 280E has a significant impact on our state-legal retail cannabis operations and a lesser impact on cultivation and manufacturing operations, since cannabis remains a Schedule I controlled substance for U.S. federal purposes. In addition, certain states that have legalized the use of cannabis have chosen to align their state tax regulations with Section 280E, which means in those states, we are also unable to deduct normal business expenses on our state tax returns. Businesses in the

cannabis industry have higher effective tax rates than businesses in most other industries, as the application of Section 280E results in significantly more permanent differences between ordinary and normal business expenses deemed non-allowable. The effective tax rate of a business in the cannabis industry depends on how large its ratio of non-deductible expenses is to its total revenues.

SELECTED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The following table sets forth selected financial information for the periods indicated that was derived from our financial statements relating to such periods and the respective accompanying notes prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). See “Results of Operations” for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 herein for additional details.

The selected consolidated financial information set out below may not be indicative of Curaleaf’s future performance.

							Variance
	Three months ended						September 30, 2023 vs. June 30, 2023			September 30, 2023 vs. September 30, 2022
	September 30, 2023		June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022			%			%
Total revenue	$	333,172	$	335,550	$	325,813		(1)	%		2	%
Cost of goods sold	183,120		187,788		158,120		(4,668)	(2)	%	25,000	16	%
Gross profit	150,052		147,762		167,693		2,290	2	%	(17,641)	(11)	%
Total operating expenses	134,839		152,039		135,179		(17,200)	(11)	%	(340)	—	%
Total other expense, net	(51,167)		(19,391)		(23,965)		(31,776)	(164)	%	(27,202)	(114)	%
Income tax expense	(34,880)		(41,997)		(49,972)		7,117	17	%	15,092	30	%
Net loss from continuing operations	(70,834)		(65,665)		(41,423)		(5,169)	(8)	%	(29,411)	(71)	%
Net loss from discontinued operations	(22,895)		(11,850)		(12,733)		(11,045)	(93)	%	(10,162)	(80)	%
Net loss	(93,729)		(77,515)		(54,156)		(16,214)	(21)	%	(39,573)	(73)	%
Loss per share attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. – basic and diluted	$	(0.13)	$	(0.11)	$	(0.08)		(18)	%		(63)	%

All values are in US Dollars.

					Variance
	Nine months ended September 30,				2023 vs. 2022
	2023		2022			%
Total revenue	$	1,001,363	$	935,232		7	%
Cost of goods sold	543,106		428,448		114,658	27	%
Gross profit	458,257		506,784		(48,527)	(10)	%
Total operating expenses	429,342		409,700		19,642	5	%
Total other expense, net	(92,655)		(45,824)		(46,831)	(102)	%
Income tax expense	(114,540)		(140,183)		25,643	(18)	%
Net loss	(178,280)		(88,923)		(89,357)	(100)	%
Loss per share attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. – basic and diluted	$	(0.31)	$	(0.17)		(82)	%

All values are in US Dollars.

The following tables summarize revenue by segment:

							Variance
	Three months ended						September 30, 2023 vs. June 30, 2023			September 30, 2023 vs. September 30, 2022
	September 30, 2023		June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022			%			%
Domestic revenues:
Retail revenue	$	267,666	$	270,759	$	255,546		(1)	%		5	%
Wholesale revenue	48,654		49,785		62,085		(1,131)	(2)	%	(13,431)	(22)	%
Management fee income	600		827		786		(227)	(27)	%	(186)	(24)	%
Total domestic revenues	$	316,920	$	321,371	$	318,417		(1)	%		—	%

All values are in US Dollars.

							Variance
	Three months ended						September 30, 2023 vs. June 30, 2023			September 30, 2023 vs. September 30, 2022
	September 30, 2023		June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022			%			%
International revenues:
Retail revenue	$	5,566	$	4,764	$	2,674		17	%		108	%
Wholesale revenue	9,909		8,732		4,335		1,177	13	%	5,574	129	%
Management fee income	777		683		387		94	14	%	390	101	%
Total international revenues	$	16,252	$	14,179	$	7,396		15	%		120	%

All values are in US Dollars.

					Variance
	Nine months ended September 30,				2023 vs. 2022
	2023		2022			%
Domestic revenues:
Retail revenue	$	805,628	$	722,146		12	%
Wholesale revenue	150,506		187,606		(37,100)	(20)	%
Management fee income	2,215		2,543		(328)	(13)	%
Total domestic revenues	$	958,349	$	912,295		5	%

All values are in US Dollars.

					Variance
	Nine months ended September 30,				2023 vs. 2022
	2023		2022			%
International revenues:
Retail revenue	$	14,430	$	6,918		109	%
Wholesale revenue	26,537		14,906		11,631	78	%
Management fee income	2,047		1,113		934	84	%
Total international revenues	$	43,014	$	22,937		88	%

All values are in US Dollars.

The following table summarizes Total assets and Long-term financial liabilities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

	As of
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Total assets	$	3,226,473	$	3,427,668
Long-term liabilities	1,458,264		1,516,873

KEY QUARTERLY DEVELOPMENTS DURING THE THREE AND NINE-MONTH PERIODS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

•During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, we committed to a planned closure of our operations in Kentucky and Michigan and of our adult-use operations in Maine. These planned closures represent a strategic shift that will have a major effect on our operations and financial results. These discontinued operations are a component of our domestic reportable segment.

•On July 1, 2023, the effective date of the legalization of adult-use cannabis in Maryland, we began adult-use cannabis sales at our four Maryland dispensaries.

•We signed an asset purchase agreement, effective July 1, 2023, for the sale of our operations in Oregon to Hotbox Farms LLC (“Hotbox Farms”). The sale, which remains subject to regulatory approval, is expected to be completed by December 31, 2023. In connection with this sale, we also signed a management services agreement with Hotbox Farms to provide certain administrative and operational support services and a licensing agreement to use certain of our intellectual property.

•On July 5, 2023, Terra Verde LDA, a wholly owned subsidiary of International Holdings, acquired the assets of Clever Leaves’ EU-GMP, a certified cannabis processing facility in Setubal, Portugal. The acquisition was structured as an asset purchase, including all equipment and lease rights to a processing and warehousing facility, for $2.7 million.

•Effective July 7, 2023, we began adult-use cannabis sales at our dispensary in Groton, Connecticut.

•Effective August 25, 2023, we entered into an asset-based revolving credit facility with East West Bank (“EWB”), under which we subsequently borrowed $6.5 million (the “Promissory Note”). The Promissory Note bears interest at a rate of 6% per annum, with interest payments due monthly, and has a maturity date of August 25, 2024.

KEY DEVELOPMENTS SUBSEQUENT TO SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND ON THE HORIZON

•On October 3, 2023, we announced the closing of our marketed offering of SVS for total gross proceeds to the Company of C$16.2 million. The SVS were offered in each of the Provinces of Canada, other than Québec, pursuant to a prospectus supplement dated September 28, 2023 to the Base Shelf Prospectus and in the U.S. on a private placement basis to “qualified institutional buyers” pursuant to exemptions from the registration requirements of the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and applicable state securities laws.

•On October 10, 2023, we announced that we filed our application to list our SVS on the TSX (the “Potential Listing”). The listing of the SVS on the TSX remains subject to the review of the TSX and is contingent on the satisfaction of all listing and regulatory requirements. There is no assurance that the TSX will approve the listing application or that we will complete the Potential Listing as currently proposed.

•On October 12, 2023, the Company issued to the Tryke Acquisition seller 5,142,919 SVS as part of the installment consideration payment due on the first anniversary of the closing of acquisition, pursuant to the Membership Purchase Agreement, signed November 8, 2021, and amended on October 4, 2022.

•On October 13, 2023, the Company issued to the Four20 Pharma sellers 701,531 SVS as a “true up” payment due on the first anniversary of the closing of the Four20 Pharma acquisition in accordance with the Share Purchase Agreement, signed, August 8, 2022.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following tables summarize our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 as well as the three months ended June 30, 2023 (in thousands, unless otherwise indicated):

									Variance
									September 30, 2023 vs. June 30, 2023			September 30, 2023 vs. September 30, 2022
			June 30, 2023			September 30, 2022				%			%
Revenues:
Retail revenue	273,233		$	275,523		$	258,220			(1)	%		6	%
Wholesale revenue			58,517			66,420			46	—	%	(7,857)	(12)	%
Management fee income			1,510			1,173			(134)	(9)	%	203	17	%
Total revenues			335,550			325,813			(2,378)	(1)	%	7,359	2	%
Cost of goods sold			187,788			158,120			(4,668)	(2)	%	25,000	16	%
Gross profit			147,762			167,693			2,290	2	%	(17,641)	(11)	%
Gross profit margin		%	44		%	51		%		2	%		(12)	%
Total operating expenses			152,039			135,179			(17,200)	(11)	%	(340)	—	%
Income (loss) from operations			(4,277)			32,514			19,490	(456)	%	(17,301)	(53)	%
Total other expense, net			(19,391)			(23,965)			(31,776)	(164)	%	(27,202)	(114)	%
(Loss) income before provision for income taxes			(23,668)			8,549			(12,286)	(52)	%	(44,503)	(521)	%
Income tax expense			(41,997)			(49,972)			7,117	17	%	15,092	30	%
Net loss from continuing operations			(65,665)			(41,423)			(5,169)	(8)	%	(29,411)	(71)	%
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax(1)			(11,850)			(12,733)			(11,045)	(93)	%	(10,162)	(80)	%
Net Loss			(77,515)			(54,156)			(16,214)	(21)	%	(39,573)	(73)	%
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest			(3,250)			(2,767)			1,868	57	%	1,385	(50)	%
Net loss attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.	(92,347)		$	(74,265)		$	(51,389)			(24)	%		(80)	%
(1) The nine months ended September 30, 2023 include pre-tax loss of 2.0 million on the sale of certain discontinued operations in Colorado (see Note 3 — Discontinued operations in the Interim Financial Statements).

All values are in US Dollars.

						Variance
						2023 vs. 2022
			2022				%
Revenues:
Retail revenue	820,057		$	729,064			12%
Wholesale revenue			202,512			(25,469)	(13)%
Management fee income			3,656			607	17%
Total revenues			935,232			66,131	7%
Cost of goods sold			428,448			114,658	27%
Gross profit			506,784			(48,527)	(10)%
Gross profit margin		%	54		%		(15)%
Total operating expenses			409,700			19,642	5%
Income from operations			97,084			(68,169)	(70)%
Total other expense, net			(45,824)			(46,831)	(102)%
(Loss) income before provision for income taxes			51,260			(115,000)	(224)%
Income tax expense			(140,183)			25,643	18%
Net loss from continuing operations			(88,923)			(89,357)	(100)%
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax(1)			(25,257)			(21,153)	(84)%
Net loss			(114,180)			(110,510)	(97)%
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest			(4,415)			(2,306)	(52)%
Net loss attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.	(217,969)		$	(109,765)			(99)%
(1) The nine months ended September 30, 2023 include pre-tax loss of 2.0 million on the sale of certain discontinued operations in Colorado (see Note 3 — Discontinued operations in the Interim Financial Statements).

All values are in US Dollars.

Comparison of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Revenue

Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $333.2 million, an increase of $7.4 million, or 2%, compared to revenue of $325.8 million in the prior year comparable period.

Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $1.0 billion, an increase of $66.1 million, or 7%, compared to revenue of $935.2 million in the prior year comparable period.

Revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased primarily due to the positive impact to our retail revenues resulting primarily from the Tryke acquisition completed subsequent to the prior year comparable periods (see the “Summary of Quarterly Results” section below for a listing of prior year acquisitions) and organic growth resulting from the opening of several new dispensaries in the U.S. and the commencement of adult-use sales in New Jersey, Maryland and Connecticut. Offsetting the increase in retail revenues between the comparable periods was the negative impact of market compression, market saturation supply and increased competition amongst wholesalers.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $183.1 million, an increase of $25.0 million, or 16%, compared to cost of goods sold of $158.1 million in the prior year comparable period.

Cost of goods sold for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $543.1 million, an increase of $114.7 million, or 27%, compared to cost of goods sold of $428.4 million in the prior year comparable period.

Cost of goods sold for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased from the prior year comparable periods in proportion to the increased revenues, discussed above. Additionally, cost of goods sold for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was burdened by unabsorbed costs associated with capacity reduction in certain operational facilities and unfavorable inventory valuation adjustments.

Gross Profit

Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $150.1 million, or 45% of revenue, compared to $167.7 million, or 51%, of revenue, in the prior year comparable period.

Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $458.3 million, or 46% of revenue, compared to $506.8 million, or 54%, of revenue, in the prior year comparable period.

The change in gross profit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 from the comparable prior year periods is directly attributable to the drivers of the change in revenue and cost of goods sold, as discussed above.

Comparison of the three months ended September 30, 2023 to the three months ended June 30, 2023

Revenue

Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $333.2 million, a decrease of $2.4 million, or 1%, compared to revenue of $335.6 million in the prior quarter. Offsetting the positive impacts to revenue of our commencement of adult-use sales in Maryland and expansion of adult-use sales in Connecticut during the current quarter are the negative impacts of market compression, market saturation and and increased competition amongst wholesalers.

Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of goods sold for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $183.1 million, a decrease of $4.7 million, or 2%, compared to cost of goods sold of $187.8 million in the prior quarter. Cost of goods sold for the current quarter decreased from the prior quarter due to capacity reductions resulting in unabsorbed costs and unfavorable inventory valuation adjustments.

Gross Profit

Gross profit for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $150.1 million, or 45%, of revenue, compared to $147.8 million, or 44%, of revenue in the prior quarter. The change in gross profit is directly attributable to the drivers of the change in cost of goods sold outlined above.

Total Operating Expenses

							Variance
	Three months ended						September 30, 2023 vs. June 30, 2023			September 30, 2023 vs. September 30, 2022
	September 30, 2023		June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022			%			%
Salaries and benefits	$	48,106	$	52,381	$	53,531		(8)	%		(10)	%
Sales and marketing	12,431		10,850		9,717		1,581	15	%	2,714	28	%
Rent and occupancy	12,246		11,914		12,001		332	3	%	245	2	%
Travel	1,093		1,561		3,033		(468)	(30)	%	(1,940)	(64)	%
Professional fees	8,305		11,367		5,760		(3,062)	(27)	%	2,545	44	%
Office supplies and services	11,662		11,817		6,320		(155)	(1)	%	5,342	85	%
Other	3,277		8,823		11,370		(5,546)	(63)	%	(8,093)	(71)	%
Total selling, general, and administrative	97,120		108,713		101,732		(11,593)	(11)	%	(4,612)	(5)	%
Depreciation and amortization	31,497		37,079		28,251		(5,582)	(15)	%	3,246	11	%
Share-based compensation	6,222		6,247		5,196		(25)	—	%	1,026	20	%
Total operating expenses	$	134,839	$	152,039	$	135,179		(11)	%		—	%

All values are in US Dollars.

					Variance
	Nine months ended September 30,				2023 vs. 2022
	2023		2022			%
Salaries and benefits	$	155,185	$	161,226		(4)	%
Sales and marketing	32,668		26,968		5,700	21	%
Rent and occupancy	36,616		35,885		731	2	%
Travel	4,421		7,784		(3,363)	(43)	%
Professional fees	30,991		23,292		7,699	33	%
Office supplies and services	36,274		18,110		18,164	100	%
Other	20,160		32,987		(12,827)	(39)	%
Total selling, general, and administrative	316,315		306,252		10,063	3	%
Depreciation and amortization	98,849		82,323		16,526	20	%
Share-based compensation	14,178		21,125		(6,947)	(33)	%
Total operating expenses	$	429,342	$	409,700		5	%

All values are in US Dollars.

Comparison of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Total operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were $134.8 million, a decrease of $0.3 million, or less than 1%, compared to $135.2 million from the prior year comparable period. Total operating expenses represented 40% of Total revenues in the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 41% of total revenues in the prior year comparable period. The expanse of our retail footprint from 128 retail dispensaries at September 30, 2022 to 146 at September 30, 2023 and growth through acquisitions completed subsequent to September 30, 2022 increased Office supplies and services expenses, Depreciation and amortization expense and Professional fees. Professional fees was also unfavorably impacted by increased accounting and legal fees. These increases were offset by reduced labor-related expenses and travel expense as a result of various cost savings initiatives implemented in 2023.

Total operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were $429.3 million, an increase of $19.6 million, or 5%, compared to $409.7 million for the prior year comparable period. Total operating expenses represented 43% of Total revenues in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to 44% in the prior year comparable period. The change in Total operating expenses between the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the prior comparable period was driven by the same factors discussed in the above paragraph.

Comparison of the three months ended September 30, 2023 to the three months ended June 30, 2023

Total operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 were $134.8 million, a decrease of $17.2 million, or 11%, compared to $152.0 million in the prior quarter. Operating expenses represented 40% of Total revenues in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 45% of Total revenues in the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in Total operating expenses from the prior quarter to the current quarter was primarily driven by equity awards granted in the prior quarter.

Total Other Income (Expense), net

							Variance
	Three months ended						September 30, 2023 vs. June 30, 2023			September 30, 2023 vs. September 30, 2022
	September 30, 2023		June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022			%			%
	As Restated		As Restated		As Restated
Interest income	$	—	$	—	$	32		—	%		(100)	%
Interest expense	(13,078)		(13,961)		(14,456)		883	6	%	1,378	10	%
Interest expense related to lease liabilities and financial obligations	(10,503)		(10,660)		(10,611)		157	1	%	108	1	%
Loss on impairment	(24,790)		—		—		(24,790)	100	%	(24,790)	100	%
Other income, net	(2,796)		5,230		1,070		(8,026)	(153)	%	(3,866)	(361)	%
Total other (expense) income, net	$	(51,167)	$	(19,391)	$	(23,965)		(164)	%		(114)	%

All values are in US Dollars.

					Variance
	Nine months ended September 30,				2023 vs. 2022
	2023		2022			%
	As Restated		As Restated
Interest income	$	23	$	101		(77)	%
Interest expense	(40,128)		(41,626)		1,498	(4)	%
Interest expense related to lease liabilities and financial obligations	(31,830)		(25,196)		(6,634)	(26)	%
Loss on impairment	(24,790)		—		(24,790)	(100)	%
Other income (expense), net	4,070		20,897		(16,827)	(81)	%
Total other expense, net	$	(92,655)	$	(45,824)		(102)	%

All values are in US Dollars.

Comparison of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Total other (expense) income, net for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $51.2 million, an increase of $27.2 million, or 114%, compared to $24.0 million in the prior year comparable period.

Total other expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $92.7 million, an increase of $46.8 million, or 102%, compared to $45.8 million in the prior year comparable period.

The change in Total other (expense) income, net for both the three and nine months comparable periods is primarily attributable to the gains on investments recognized in prior year related to our acquisitions of Grassroots and EMMAC (as defined in our Annual Financial Statements), which was significantly higher than the gain on investments recognized in the current quarter related to our acquisition of Deseret Wellness LLC, partially offset by losses resulting from disposals of assets. In addition, Interest expense related to lease liabilities and financial obligations increased from the prior year comparable periods due to the financial obligations incurred to fund organic expansion of our existing cultivation and processing facilities in certain states as well as increases in our retail footprint with the opening of several new retail dispensaries subsequent to September 30, 2022.

Provision for Income Taxes

The Company recorded Income tax expense from continuing operations of $34.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $15.1 million, or 30%, compared to $50.0 million for the prior year comparable period.

The Company recorded income tax expense from continuing operations of $114.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $25.6 million, or 18%, compared to $140.2 million for the prior year comparable period.

The decrease in income tax expense between the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and prior comparable periods was primarily due to a decrease in gross profit of certain of our subsidiaries that are subject to the restrictions of Internal Revenue Code Section 280E and the benefit of certain states decoupling from Internal Revenue Code Section 280E.

Net Loss from continuing operations

Net loss from continuing operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $70.8 million, an increase of $29.4 million, or 71%, compared to Net loss from continuing operations of $41.4 million for the prior year comparable period.

Net loss from continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $178.3 million, an increase of $89.4 million, or 100%, compared to Net loss from continuing operations of $88.9 million for the prior year comparable period.

The change in Net loss from continuing operations between the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and prior comparable periods is the result of the aggregate net impact of the aforementioned factors discussed in the “Results of Operations” section of this MD&A.

Net Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax

Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $22.9 million and $12.7 million, respectively, an increased loss of $10.2 million, or 80%.

Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $46.4 million and $25.3 million, respectively, an increased loss of $21.2 million, or 84%.

Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased from prior comparable periods due to our decision in the first quarter of 2023 to exit operations and market the net assets of our operating entities in California, Colorado and Oregon and to our decision in the third quarter of 2023 to exit operations and market the net assets of our Michigan, Kentucky and Maine adult use operating entities. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we incurred restructuring-related expenses, such as losses from impairment of assets, in connection with recognizing our discontinued operations in the aforementioned locations.

Comparison of the three months ended September 30, 2023 to the three months ended June 30, 2023

Total Other Income (Expense), net

Total other (expense) income, net for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $51.2 million, an increase in expense of $31.8 million, or 164%, compared to $19.4 million in the prior quarter. The change in Total other (expense) income, net is primarily due to the Gain on investment related to the acquisition of Deseret Wellness LLC recognized in the current quarter, partially offset by losses on disposal of assets and reductions in interest expense correlated to the maturity of the first Bloom Note (as defined herein) in the first quarter of 2023 and the debt modification of the second Bloom Note (as defined herein) due in 2024. See the “Liquidity Risk” section of this MD&A for further details.

Provision for Income Taxes

Income tax expense from continuing operations was $34.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, a decrease of $7.1 million, or 17%, compared to Income tax expense from continuing operations of $42.0 million in the prior quarter. Income tax expense from continuing operations in the prior quarter was unfavorably impacted by a discrete item related to an increase in the tax rate on our U.K. deferred tax liabilities. Effective April 1, 2023 the U.K. increased its corporate tax rate from 19% to 25%.

Net Loss from continuing operations

Net loss from continuing operations for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $70.8 million, an increase in Net loss from continuing operations of $5.2 million, or 8%, compared to a net loss of $65.7 million in the prior quarter. The increase in Net loss from continuing operations from prior quarter is the result of the aggregate net impact of the aforementioned factors discussed in the “Results of Operations” section of this MD&A.

Net Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax

Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax for the three months ended September 30, 2023 was $22.9 million, an increase in Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax of $11.0 million, or 93% compared to $11.9 million in the prior quarter. The increase in Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax for the current quarter as compared to the prior quarter is due to our decision in the current quarter to additionally market the net assets of our operating entities in Kentucky and Michigan. Net loses from discontinued operations, net of tax include losses generated by the winding down of these operating entities and the impairment expense recognized to reduce the carrying values of these operating entities’ assets to fair value.

FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We need liquidity primarily to fund the working capital requirements of our operations, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service and for general corporate purposes. To date, our primary source of liquidity has been from funds generated by financing activities, including the private placement completed in connection with our reverse takeover transaction, the private placement of SVS completed in July 2020, the overnight marketed public offering of SVS completed in January 2021, the private placement of $475 million aggregate principal amount of senior secured notes due 2026 (the “Senior Secured Notes - 2026”) completed in December 2021, and the overnight marketed public offering of SVS completed on October 3, 2023. Our ability to fund our various liquidity needs depends on our future operating performance and resulting cash flows, which are subject to various micro economical and macro economical factors, such as prevailing economic conditions, some of which are beyond our control. For further details, see the “Financial Instruments and Financial Risk Management” section of our Annual MD&A and the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Information Form.

As of September 30, 2023, we had $118.1 million of cash and cash equivalents and negative working capital (current assets minus current liabilities) of $72.4 million, compared to $163.2 million of cash and cash equivalents and $155.6 million of working capital as of December 31, 2022. The decrease of $244.7 million in working capital was primarily due to a decrease in cash on hand and an increase in accounts payable, offset by an increase in inventories and assets held for sale at September 30, 2023 as compared to December 31, 2022.

We also generate cash from our sales in the ordinary course of business and are investing capital in current operations and new acquisitions for the purpose of generating additional earnings in the long-term.

We expect that our cash on hand and cash flows from operations, along with private and/or public financings, will be adequate to meet our capital requirements and operational needs for the next 12 months.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the sources and uses of cash for each of the periods presented:

				Variance
		2022			%
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from:
Continuing operations(1)(2)	94,274	$	46,076		105	%
Discontinued operations(1)(2)		(11,772)		(9,521)	81	%
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		34,304		38,677	113	%
Net cash provided by investing activities from:
Continuing operations		(177,823)		117,906	66	%
Discontinued operations		5,786		(3,981)	69	%
Net cash used in investing activities		(172,037)		113,925	66	%
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities from:
Continuing operations		40,786		(110,939)	272	%
Discontinued operations		(356)		356	100	%
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		40,430		(110,583)	274	%
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(55,284)	$	(97,303)		43	%
(1) Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations and discontinued operations, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as presented in our MD&A and Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes as of and the for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (together, the “Q1 2023 Results”), were overstated and understated, respectively, by 10.1 million. Management determined that the misclassification of net cash from operating activities between continuing operations and discontinued operations (the “Q1 2023 Operating Cash Flow Misclassification”) was immaterial to the Q1 2023 Results and isolated to the Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow for the three months ended March 31, 2023. In addition, the Q1 2023 Operating Cash Flow Misclassification did not result in a change to total Net cash provided by operating activities or to Net decrease in cash for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as presented in the Q1 2023 Results. In addition, the Q1 2023 Operating Cash Flow Misclassification had no impact on the Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as presented in this MD&A and the Interim Financial Statements.
(2) Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from continuing operations and discontinued operations, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, as presented in our Q1 2023 Results, were overstated and understated, respectively, by 28.5 million. In addition, Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations and discontinued operations, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, as presented in our Q1 2023 Results, were understated and overstated, respectively, by 7.1 million.Management determined that the misclassification of net cash from operating activities and net cash from investing activities between continuing operations and discontinued operations (the “Q1 2022 Cash Flows Misclassification”) was immaterial to the Q1 2023 Results and isolated to the Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow for the three months ended March 31, 2022. In addition, the Q1 2022 Cash Flows Misclassification did not result in a change to total Net cash provided by operating activities, total Net cash used in investing activities or Net decrease in cash for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as presented in the Q1 2023 Results. In addition, the Q1 2022 Cash Flows Misclassification had no impact on the Unaudited Condensed Interim Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as presented in this MD&A and the Interim Financial Statements.

All values are in US Dollars.

Operating Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, operating activities from continuing operations provided $94.3 million and $46.1 million of cash, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations was primarily attributable to income from operations, as adjusted for non-

recurring items, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, partially offset by cash payments for taxes, operating lease liabilities and debt service during the period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations was primarily attributable to income from operations, as adjusted for non-recurring items, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, partially offset by decreased working capital.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, operating activities from discontinued operations used $21.3 million and $11.8 million of cash, respectively as a result of cost saving measures and continued winding down of activities within our operating entities in California, Colorado and Oregon.

Investing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, investing activities from continuing operations used $59.9 million and $177.8 million, of cash, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash used in investing activities from continuing operations was primarily attributable to purchases of property and equipment. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, cash used in investing activities from continuing operations was primarily attributable to payments for the acquisitions of Bloom and Sapphire Medical Clinics Limited (“Sapphire”) and Clever Leaves and purchases of property and equipment offset by proceeds from the consolidation of acquisitions.

Financing Activities

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, financing activities from continuing operations used $70.2 million and provided $40.8 million, respectively, of cash. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, cash used by financing activities was primarily attributable to principal payments on the Bloom Notes (as defined herein) and cash payments for sale leasebacks and finance lease liabilities, partially offset by cash proceeds from our asset-based revolving credit facility with East West Bank that became effective August 25, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, cash provided by financing activities was primarily attributable to proceeds received from sales of certain real estate property and equipment through sale leaseback financing transactions.

SUMMARY OF QUARTERLY RESULTS

The following table presents a summary of our quarterly consolidated results inclusive of discontinued operations:

	Three months ended
	September 30, 2023		June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		September 30, 2022		June 30, 2022		March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Revenue	$	340,179	$	340,132	$	343,853	$	352,492	$	339,726	$	333,754	$	310,370	$	308,675
Cost of goods sold	197,528		197,883		188,600		274,392		177,905		154,894		150,120		161,950
Gross profit	142,651		142,249		155,253		78,100		161,821		178,860		160,250		146,725
Operating expenses	140,232		154,680		146,308		159,634		142,685		149,122		139,962		136,235
Other expense, net	(68,382)		(19,856)		(25,994)		(167,687)		(23,946)		(3,315)		(19,109)		(50,862)
Net loss	(93,729)		(74,492)		(56,469)		(262,749)		(54,156)		(21,762)		(38,264)		(75,500)
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest	(1,382)		(3,250)		(2,089)		(2,418)		(2,767)		127		(1,775)		(2,541)
Net loss attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.	(92,347)		(71,242)		(54,380)		(260,331)		(51,389)		(21,889)		(36,489)		(72,959)
Loss per share - basic and diluted	$	(0.13)	$	(0.10)	$	(0.07)	$	(0.36)	$	(0.07)	$	(0.03)	$	(0.05)	$	(0.10)
Weighted average SVS outstanding - basic and diluted	725,319,477		719,269,057		718,117,628		715,796,271		709,638,533		709,965,526		708,897,273		707,450,310

The aforementioned quarterly results were significantly impacted by the acquisitions and dispositions that occurred in each quarter as well as organic growth.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, we completed the following acquisitions:

(i)Q1 2022: Bloom;

(ii)Q1 2022: Sapphire;

(iii)Q2 2022: Natural Remedy Patient Center, LLC;

(iv)Q3 2022: Pueblo West Organics;

(v)Q3 2022: Four20 Pharma GmbH;

(vi)Q3 2022: Broad Horizon Holdings, LLC; and

(vii)Q4 2022: Tryke Companies (dba Reef Dispensaries).

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we completed the acquisition of Deseret Wellness LLC.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company completed a sale of certain discontinued operations in Colorado and recorded a pre-tax loss of $2.0 million.

Each acquisition completed during the year ended December 31, 2022, in combination with organic growth, resulted in higher revenues period-over-period; however, acquisitional growth did not outpace the reduction in wholesale revenue between the first quarter of 2022 and the third quarter of 2023.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

As of September 30, 2023, we do not have any off-balance-sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our results of operations or financial condition, including, and without limitation, such considerations as liquidity and capital resources.

RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Parties are considered to be related if one party has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the other party or exercise significant influence over the other party in making financial and operating decisions. Parties are also considered to be related if they are subject to common control. Related parties may be individuals or corporate entities. A transaction is considered to be a related party transaction when there is a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties. We incurred the following transactions with our related parties during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and had the following outstanding related party payable balance as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

				Nine months ended September 30,				Related party payable outstanding as of
Transaction		2022		2023		2022		September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Consulting fees (1)	403	$	272	$	801	$	966	$	—	$	—
Travel and reimbursement (2)		23		45		346		—		—
Rent expense reimbursement (3)		18		—		54		—		—
Platform fees (4)		—		203		—		—		—
Senior Secured Notes - 2026 (5)		239		662		704		(10,000)		(10,000)
	653	$	552	$	1,711	$	2,070	$	(10,000)	$	(10,000)
(1) Consulting fees relate to real estate management and general advisory services provided by (i) Frontline Real Estate Partners, LLC, a company controlled by Mitchell Kahn, a Board Member, and in which Matt Darin, Chief Executive Officer, has a minority interest, as well as (ii) Measure 8 Venture Management, LLC, an investment company controlled by Boris Jordan, Executive Chairman and control person of the Company (including funds managed by such entity, “Measure 8”). There are on-going contractual commitments related to these transactions. The total consulting fees paid to Measure 8 were 0.3 million and 0.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and were 0.3 million and 0.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The total consulting fees paid to Frontline Real Estate Partners, LLC were 0.1 million and 0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 0.4 million and 0.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
(2) Travel and reimbursement relate to payments made to Measure 8 for reimbursements of certain expenses incurred. There are on-going contractual commitments related to these transactions.
(3) The Company recognized a rent expense credit for a sublease between Curaleaf NY LLC and Measure 8 and rent expense for a lease between GR Companies, Inc. and FREP Elm Place II, LLC, a company owned in part by Mr. Kahn. Both arrangements represent on-going contractual commitments based on executed leases.
(4) During the second quarter of 2023, Leaf Trade, Inc. (“Leaf Trade”) and SD Technologies (“Sweed”) completed a business combination and Measure 8 acquired a 6.8% stake in the holding company, High Tech Holdings, Inc. and received a seat on the board of directors. Leaf Trade provides Curaleaf with their B2B platform for Curaleaf’s Wholesale sector in exchange for fees to use the platform.
(5) Baldwin Holdings, LLC, in which Joseph F. Lusardi, the Company’s Executive Vice Chairman, and 3D Financial, in which Peter Derby, a Board Member, owns a direct equity interest, held 10 million and 2 million, respectively, of the total 475 million of Senior Secured Notes – 2026. The Company recognized interest expense related to the portion of the Senior Secured Notes - 2026 held by Baldwin Holdings, LLC. The Promissory Note – 2024, previously held by Baldwin Holdings, LLC and 3D Financial, was exchanged for Senior Secured Notes – 2026 as part of the private placement of Senior Secured Notes – 2026 completed by the Company in December 2021. As a result of this exchange, the Company repaid the notes, including interest and prepayment penalty. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recognized interest expense under the Promissory Note - 2024. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized interest expense under the Senior Secured Notes - 2026, some of which are attributable to Baldwin Holdings, LLC’s and 3D Financial’s direct equity interests. The Senior Secured Notes – 2026 held by Baldwin Holdings, LLC and 3D Financial contain certain repayment and interest components that represent on-going contractual commitments with this related party.

All values are in US Dollars.

The Company’s key management personnel have the authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Company and consists of the Company's executive management team and management directors. Key management personnel compensation and other related party expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
Key management personnel compensation	2023		2022		2023		2022
Short-term employee benefits	$	1,193	$	1,158	$	5,958	$	3,527
Other long-term benefits	10		9		33		27
Share-based payments	2,980		2,070		7,600		3,745
	$	4,183	$	3,237	$	13,591	$	7,299

SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING JUDGMENTS, ESTIMATES, AND ASSUMPTIONS

The accompanying Interim Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our significant accounting policies and methods of application are described in Summary of significant accounting policies in the Annual Financial Statements. The Interim Financial Statements have been prepared to be consistent with those accounting policies.

The Interim Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Annual Financial Statements.

Discontinued operations

We classify items as discontinued operations in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 205 - Presentation of Financial Statements (“ASC 205”). A disposal of a component of an entity or group of components of an entity shall be reported in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results and meets the criteria for assets held for sale, is already disposed of by sale, or is disposed of other than by sale (i.e. via abandonment, distribution to owners in a spin off, etc.). To classify as an asset held for sale, the asset or disposal group must meet all of the following conditions: i) the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, ii) management is committed to a plan to sell, iii) an active program to locate a buyer and complete the plan has been initiated, iv) the asset is being actively marketed for sale at a sales price that is reasonable in relation to its fair value, v) the sale is highly probable within one year from the date of classification, and vi) actions required to complete the plan indicate that it is unlikely that the plan will be significantly changed or withdrawn. An asset held for sale is measured at the lower of its carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell unless the asset held for sale meets the exceptions as denoted by ASC 205. Fair value is the amount obtainable from the sale of the asset in an arm’s length transaction, less the costs of disposal. Once classified as held for sale, any depreciation and amortization cease to be recorded.

When we make the decision to sell an asset or group of assets and determine that the disposal qualifies as assets held-for-sale, we next assess whether the assets held-for-sale also qualify as a discontinued operation as outlined in ASC 205. When a component of the Company qualifies as discontinued operations, the results of the component are presented within Assets held for sale in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets, separately as Net income (loss) from discontinued operations in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations, and separately per each type of cash flow (Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities from discontinued operations, Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities from discontinued operations and Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from discontinued operations) in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Additionally, the summarized results of discontinued operations and the major classes of assets and liabilities are disclosed in Note 3 — Discontinued operations in our Interim Financial Statements).

During the nine months period ended September 30, 2023, the Company completed a sale of certain discontinued operations in Colorado and recorded a pre-tax loss of $2.0 million.

Summary of significant accounting policies

There have been no changes to our significant accounting policies as described in Note 2 — Basis of presentation in our Annual Financial Statements.

SUMMARY OF OUTSTANDING SHARE DATA

The Company had the following securities issued and outstanding as of November 8, 2023:

Securities	Number of Shares
Issued and Outstanding:
Multiple Voting Shares	93,970,705
Subordinate Voting Shares	640,232,160
Restricted Share Units	7,714,473
Stock Options	29,001,596

FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

Our financial instruments consist of cash, restricted cash, cash equivalents, notes receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and long-term debt. The fair values of cash, restricted cash, cash equivalents, notes receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses approximate their carrying values due to the relatively short-term to maturity. The carrying value of our long-term notes payable at the effective interest rate approximates fair value.

Financial instruments recorded at fair value are classified using a fair value hierarchy that reflects the significance of the inputs to fair value measurements. The three levels of hierarchy are:

Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly; and

Level 3 – Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data.

Our assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include investments, long-lived assets, indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill. We review the carrying amounts of such assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable, or at least annually as of December 31, for indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill. Any resulting asset impairments would result in the asset being remeasured and recorded at fair value. The fair value remeasurements of such assets are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Financial Risk Management

We are exposed in varying degrees to a variety of financial instrument related risks. Our risk exposures and the impact on our financial instruments are summarized below:

Credit Risk

Credit risk is the risk of a potential loss to us if a customer or third party to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations and arises principally from our notes and accounts receivable. The maximum credit exposure at September 30, 2023 and 2022 equates to the aggregate carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and notes receivable. We do not have significant credit risk with respect to our customers. All of our cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents are placed with major U.S. financial institutions and are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation up to $250,000 per banking institution.

We provide credit to our wholesale and MSA customers in the normal course of business and have established processes to mitigate credit risk. The trade accounts receivable balances reported in the Condensed Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets are net of allowances for credit losses, estimated by management based on historical experience and management’s assessment of the current economic environment. We review our trade accounts receivable regularly; if management determines a trade account receivable may not be fully collectible, we record any adjustments to the allowance for credit losses necessary to reduce the trade account receivable balance to the expected realizable value. We apply ASC 310 – Receivables for the measurement of expected credit losses, which uses an expected loss allowance model for all trade receivables. We have not adopted standardized credit policies; instead we assess the creditworthiness of our customers on a customer-by-customer basis to minimize customer-based credit risks.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that we will not be able to meet its financial obligations associated with financial liabilities. We manage liquidity risk through the management of our capital structure and with the intent of ensuring that we will have sufficient liquidity to settle our obligations and liabilities as they become due.

In December 2021, we closed a private placement of Senior Secured Notes - 2026 and received aggregate gross proceeds of $475 million. The Senior Secured Notes - 2026 bear interest on the unpaid principal amount at a rate of 8% per annum, compounded semi-annually and payable in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year during the term of the Senior Secured Notes - 2026; the first of which was paid on June 15, 2022. The Note Indenture governing the Senior Secured Notes - 2026 contains numerous positive and negative covenants of the Company. If we breach any of these covenants, the trustee may, under certain circumstances, accelerate the maturity of the principal amount then-outstanding or exercise the right to realize on the underlying collateral. Any breach of these covenants could have a material adverse impact on our financial position. On August 25, 2023, we entered into a $6.5 million revolving line of credit loan with East West Bank. The loan has a fixed interest interest rate of 6% and matures on August 25, 2024.

Bloom acquisition

In connection with the Bloom acquisition, we issued three secured promissory notes to the former Bloom owners in the aggregate of $160 million that mature over three years (the “Bloom Notes”). The first and second Bloom Notes each total $50 million with maturities dates in January 2023 and 2024, and each bear interest at the rate of 6% per annum with interest payments due quarterly.

The final set of promissory notes are convertible promissory notes with a principal amount totaling $60 million, which mature in January 2025 and bear interest at a rate of 4% per annum. Interest payments are not required until maturity, at which time the entire then-outstanding principal balance and accrued interest will be due. At the option of the former owners of Bloom, payment of the third set of promissory notes can occur through the issuance of SVS at maturity.

There are no prepayment penalties on the Bloom Notes.

In April 2023, we and the former owners of Bloom executed a settlement agreement whereby the future principal payments of the Bloom Notes were reduced by $10 million. We settled in full the $50 million note due January 2023 for $44 million. The remaining principal reduction of $4 million was applied to the $50 million note due January 2024.

Tryke Acquisition

On October 4, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Tryke Companies, a privately held, vertically integrated, multi-state cannabis operator, upon which the Company took ownership of six highly trafficked dispensaries under the Reef brand, with two retail stores in Arizona and four in Nevada, including the Phoenix metropolitan area, Las Vegas strip, and North Las Vegas.

The transaction consideration included an initial payment at closing of $10.0 million in cash and 2.7 million SVS and additional cash and shares consideration of $75.0 million and 16.5 million SVS, to be issued and paid in three installments on the first, second and third anniversaries of the closing to TH Find I, LLC (the “Tryke Seller”), which consists of:

•$25 million and 5,142,919 SVS, which were paid and issued to the Tryke Seller on October 12, 2023;

•$25 million and 5,666,667 SVS payable and issuable within three (3) business days following the second anniversary of the closing of the Tryke Acquisition; and

•$25 million and 5,666,667 SVS payable and issuable within three (3) business days following the third anniversary of the closing of the Tryke Acquisition

Market Risk

Currency Risk

While our operating results and financial position are reported in U.S. dollars, some of our financial transactions have been and may be denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. As such our operating results are subject to currency transaction and translation risks.

As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, we had no hedging agreements in place with respect to foreign exchange rates. We have not entered into any agreements or purchased any instruments to hedge possible currency risks at this time, nor do we believe that any additional steps are currently warranted to mitigate currency risk due to the relative stability of foreign currencies in which we transact as well as the immateriality of our foreign currency transactions.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. Cash and cash equivalents bear interest at market rates. Our notes receivable and financial debts have fixed rates of interest and are carried at amortized cost; changes to the rates of interest and/or amortized cost would require a modification to an underlying agreement. We do not account for any fixed-rate financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value, therefore, a change in interest rates at the reporting date would not affect our profit or loss for the periods reported.

REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT: ISSUERS WITH UNITED STATES CANNABIS-RELATED ASSETS

In accordance with Staff Notice 51-352, below is a discussion of the current federal and state-level U.S. regulatory regimes in those U.S. states where the Company is currently directly and indirectly involved, through its subsidiaries and investments, in the cannabis industry.

In accordance with Staff Notice 51-352, the Company evaluates, monitors and reassesses this disclosure, and any related risks, on an ongoing basis and the same will be supplemented, amended and communicated to investors in public filings, including in the event of government policy changes or the introduction of new or amended guidance, laws or regulations regarding the cannabis industry. Any non-compliance, citations or notices of violation which may have an impact on the Company’s licenses, business activities, or operations will be promptly disclosed by the Company.

The Company derives its revenues from the cannabis industry in certain states of the U.S., and the industry is illegal under U.S. federal law.

The Company is involved (through its licensed subsidiaries) in the cannabis industry in the U.S. where local state laws permit such activities. Currently, its subsidiaries and managed entities are directly engaged in the cultivation, manufacture, processing, sale and distribution of cannabis and hold licenses in the adult-use and/or medicinal cannabis marketplace in the states of Arizona, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Kentucky (hemp only), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Utah, and Vermont. The Company has also partnered with an accredited medical school and obtained a “clinical registrant” license in Pennsylvania. In addition, the Company is involved (through management services which include the use of the “Curaleaf” brand and retail and cultivation and production operations, human resources, finance and accounting, marketing, sales, legal and compliance support services) in both the adult-use and medical cannabis industry in the states of Maine.

The Company’s Statement of Financial Position and Operating Statement Exposure to U.S. Cannabis Related Activities

As of the date of this MD&A, the majority of the Company’s business was directly derived from U.S. cannabis-related activities. As such, the Company’s statement of Condensed Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets and Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations exposure to U.S. is comprised primarily of cannabis-related activities.

U.S. Federal Overview

The Controlled Substances Act

The U.S. federal government regulates drugs through the CSA, which places controlled substances, including cannabis, in one of five different schedules. Cannabis, except hemp containing less than 0.3% (on a dry weight basis) of the psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, is classified as a Schedule I drug. As a Schedule I drug, the federal U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency considers cannabis to have a high potential for abuse, no currently accepted medical use in treatment in the U.S., and a lack of accepted safety for use of the drug under medical supervision1. The classification of cannabis as a Schedule I drug is inconsistent with what the Company believes to be many valuable medical uses for cannabis accepted by physicians, researchers, patients, and others. As evidence of this, the FDA on June 25, 2018, approved Epidiolex an oral solution with an active ingredient, CBD, that is derived from the cannabis plant for the treatment of seizures associated with two rare and severe forms of epilepsy, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome, in patients two years of age and older. Epidiolex was initially placed on Schedule V, the least restrictive schedule of the CSA. On April 6, 2020, the DEA removed Epidiolex entirely from the CSA. This is the first FDA-approved drug that contains a purified drug substance derived from the cannabis plant. CB

121 U.S.C. 812(b)(1).

D is a chemical component of cannabis that does not contain the intoxicating properties of tetrahydrocannabinol (“THC”), the primary psychoactive component of cannabis2. The Company believes the CSA categorization as a Schedule I drug is not reflective of the medicinal properties of cannabis or the public perception thereof, and numerous studies show cannabis is not able to be abused in the same way as other Schedule I drugs, has medicinal properties, and can be safely administered3.

The federal position is also not necessarily consistent with democratic approval of cannabis at the state government level in the U.S. Unlike in Canada, which has federal legislation uniformly governing the cultivation, distribution, sale and possession of cannabis under the Cannabis Act, S.C. 2018, c. 16, (Canada) and the Cannabis for Medical Purposes Regulations, cannabis is largely regulated at the state and local level in the U.S. state laws regulating cannabis conflict with the CSA, which makes cannabis use and possession federally illegal. Although certain states and territories of the U.S. authorize medical or adult-use cannabis production and distribution by licensed or registered entities, under U.S. federal law, the possession, use, cultivation, and transfer of cannabis and any related drug paraphernalia is illegal, and any such acts are criminal acts. Although the Company’s activities are compliant with applicable state and local laws, strict compliance with state and local laws with respect to cannabis may neither absolve the Company of liability under U.S. federal law nor provide a defense to federal criminal charges that may be brought against the Company. The Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution establishes that the U.S. Constitution and federal laws made pursuant to it are paramount and, in case of conflict between federal and state law, federal law shall apply.

Nonetheless, 47 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and the territories of Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands have legalized some form of cannabis for medical use, while 23 states and the District of Columbia have legalized the adult-use of cannabis for recreational purposes. As more and more states legalized medical and/or adult-use cannabis, the federal government attempted to provide clarity on the incongruity between federal prohibition under the CSA and these state-legal regulatory frameworks. Notwithstanding the foregoing, cannabis remains illegal under U.S. federal law, with cannabis listed as a Schedule I drug under the CSA.

Until 2018, the federal government provided guidance to federal law enforcement agencies and banking institutions regarding cannabis through a series of memoranda from the Department of Justice (“DOJ”). The most recent such memorandum was drafted by former Deputy Attorney General James Cole on August 29, 2013 (the “Cole Memorandum”)4. The Cole Memorandum offered guidance to federal enforcement agencies as to how to prioritize civil enforcement, criminal investigations and prosecutions regarding cannabis in all states, and acknowledged that, notwithstanding the designation of cannabis as a Schedule I controlled substance at the federal level, several states have enacted laws authorizing the use of cannabis. The Cole Memorandum also noted that jurisdictions that have enacted laws legalizing cannabis in some form have also implemented strong and effective regulatory and enforcement systems to control the cultivation, processing, distribution, sale and possession of cannabis. As such, conduct in compliance with those laws and regulations is less likely to be a priority at the federal level. The Cole Memorandum was seen by many state-legal cannabis companies as a safe harbor for their licensed operations that were conducted in full compliance with all applicable state and local regulations. However, on January 4, 2018, former U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions rescinded the Cole Memorandum. In the absence of a uniform federal policy, U.S. Attorneys with state-legal cannabis programs within their jurisdictions are responsible for establishing enforcement priorities for their respective offices. For instance, Andrew Lelling, a former U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts, stated that while his office would not immunize any businesses from federal prosecution, he anticipated focusing the office’s cannabis enforcement efforts on: (1) overproduction; (2) targeted sales to minors; and (3) organized crime and interstate transportation of drug proceeds. Other U.S. attorneys provided less assurance, promising to enforce federal law, including the CSA in appropriate circumstances.

Following his election, President Biden appointed Merrick Garland to serve as the U.S. Attorney General. While Attorney General Garland indicated in his confirmation hearing that he did not feel that enforcement of the federal cannabis prohibition against state-licensed business would not be a priority target of Department of Justice resources, no formal enforcement policy has been issued to date. There is no guarantee that state laws legalizing and regulating the sale and use of cannabis will not be repealed or overturned, or that local governmental authorities will not limit the applicability of state laws within their respective jurisdictions. Unless and until the U.S. congress (“Congress”) amends the CSA with respect to

2Cannabis containing THC is more commonly referred to in state laws and regulations as marijuana. Unless otherwise noted herein, we use cannabis and marijuana interchangeably.

3See Lachenmeier, DW & Rehm, J. (2015). Comparative risk assessment of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other illicit drugs using the margin of exposure approach. Scientific Reports, 5, 8126. doi: 10.1038/srep08126; see also Thomas, G & Davis, C. (2009). Cannabis, Tobacco and Alcohol Use in Canada: Comparing risks of harm and costs to society. Visions Journal, 5. Retrieved from http://www.heretohelp.bc.ca/sites/default/files/visions_cannabis.pdf; see also Jacobus et al. (2009). White matter integrity in adolescents with histories of marijuana use and binge drinking. Neurotoxicology and Teratology, 31, 349-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ntt.2009.07.006; Could smoking pot cut risk of head, neck cancer? (2009 August 25). Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-smoking-pot/could-smoking-pot-cut-risk-of-head-neck-cancer-idUSTRE57O5DC20090825; Watson, SJ, Benson JA Jr. & Joy, JE. (2000). Marijuana and medicine: assessing the science base: a summary of the 1999 Institute of Medicine report. Arch Gen Psychiatry Review, 57, 547-552. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10839332; see also Hoaken, Peter N.S. & Stewart, Sherry H. (2003). Drugs of abuse and the elicitation of human aggressive behavior. Addictive Behaviours, 28, 1533-1554. Retrieved from http://www.ukcia.org/research/AgressiveBehavior.pdf; and see also Fals-Steward, W., Golden, J. & Schumacher, JA. (2003). Intimate partner violence and substance use: a longitudinal day-to-day examination. Addictive Behaviors, 28, 1555-1574. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14656545.

4See James M. Cole, Memorandum for all United States Attorneys re: Guidance Regarding Marijuana Enforcement (Aug. 29, 2013), available at https://www.justice.gov/iso/opa/resources/3052013829132756857467.pdf.

cannabis (and as to the timing or scope of any such potential amendments there can be no assurance), there is a risk that federal authorities may enforce current U.S. federal law.

As an industry best practice, despite the rescission of the Cole Memorandum, the Company abides by the following standard operating policies and procedures:

1.Ensure that its operations are compliant with all licensing requirements as established by the applicable state, county, municipality, town, township, borough, and other political/administrative divisions;

2.Ensure that its cannabis related activities adhere to the scope of the licensing obtained (for example: in the states where cannabis is permitted only for adult-use, the products are only sold to individuals who meet the requisite age requirements);

3.Implement policies and procedures to ensure that cannabis products are not distributed to minors;

4.Implement policies and procedures to ensure that funds are not distributed to criminal enterprises, gangs or cartels;

5.Implement an inventory tracking system and necessary procedures to ensure that such compliance system is effective in tracking inventory and preventing diversion of cannabis or cannabis products into those states where cannabis is not permitted by state law, or across any state lines in general;

6.Ensure that its state-authorized cannabis business activity is not used as a cover or pretense for trafficking of other illegal drugs, is engaged in any other illegal activity or any activities that are contrary to any applicable anti-money laundering statutes; and

7.Ensure that its products comply with applicable regulations and contain necessary disclaimers about the contents of the products to prevent adverse public health consequences from cannabis use and prevent impaired driving.

In addition, the Company conducts background checks to ensure that the principals and management of its operating subsidiaries are of good character, have not been involved with other illegal drugs, engaged in illegal activity or activities involving violence, or use of firearms in cultivation, manufacturing or distribution of cannabis. The Company will also conduct ongoing reviews of the activities of its cannabis businesses, the premises on which they operate and the policies and procedures that are related to possession of cannabis or cannabis products outside of the licensed premises, including the cases where such possession is permitted by regulation. See “Compliance and Monitoring” section herein for additional details.

One legislative safeguard for the medical cannabis industry remains in place: Congress has passed a so-called “rider” provision in the FY 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 Consolidated Appropriations Acts to prevent the federal government from using congressional appropriations funds to enforce federal cannabis laws against regulated medical cannabis actors operating in compliance with state and local law. The rider is known as the “Rohrabacher-Farr” Amendment after its original lead sponsors (it is also sometimes referred to as the “Rohrabacher-Blumenauer” or “Joyce-Leahy” Amendment, but it is referred to in this MD&A as the “Rohrabacher-Farr Amendment”). The Rohrabacher-Farr Amendment was included in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023 signed into law by President Biden on December 29, 2022. The Rohrabacher-Farr Amendment will remain in effect through the fiscal year, which ends September 30, 2023. There is no guarantee that the Rohrabacher-Farr Amendment will be included in the omnibus appropriation package or a continuing budget resolution once the current spending bill expires.

On October 6, 2022, President Biden announced a series of marijuana-related initiatives. Included amongst them was a directive to the Secretary of Health and Human Services (“HHS”) and the Attorney General “to initiate the administrative process to review expeditiously how marijuana is scheduled under federal law. Federal law currently classifies marijuana in Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act, the classification meant for the most dangerous substances.” This administrative review is conducted by the FDA and the DEA. On August 29, 2023, Rachel L. Levine, Assistant Secretary for Health in HHS sent the agency’s recommendation for marijuana rescheduling to Anne Milgram, Administrator of the DEA. It is unclear exactly what the substance of the recommendation was or when the DEA will complete its respective reviews nor is it clear whether the reviews of the HHS proposed reclassification or the what the outcome of that review will be.

On December 2, 2022, President Biden signed into law H.R. 8454, the “Medical Marijuana and Cannabidiol Research Expansion Act,” (the “Research Expansion Act”) which establishes a new registration process for conducting research on marijuana and for manufacturing marijuana products for research purposes and drug development. The Research Expansion Act is the first piece of standalone federal cannabis reform legislation in U.S. history. Among other things, the Research Expansion Act; (i) directs the DEA to register practitioners to conduct cannabis and CBD research and manufacturers to supply cannabis for research purposes; (ii) expressly allows the DEA to register manufacturers and distributors of cannabis or CBD for the purposes of commercial production of a drug approved by the FDA; (iii) requires the DEA to assess whether there is an adequate and uninterrupted supply of cannabis for research purposes; (iii) permits registered entities to

manufacture, distribute, dispense, or possess cannabis or CBD for purposes of medical research; (iv) clarifies that physicians do not violate the CSA when they discuss the potential harms and benefits of cannabis and CBD with patients; and (v) directs the DHHS to coordinate with the National Institutes of Health and other agencies to report on the “therapeutic potential” of cannabis for conditions such as epilepsy, and the impact of cannabis on adolescent brain development.

Nevertheless, for the time being, cannabis remains a Schedule I controlled substance at the federal level. The federal government of the U.S. has always reserved the right to enforce federal law regarding the sale and disbursement of medical or adult-use cannabis, even if state law sanctions such sale and disbursement. If the U.S. federal government begins to enforce U.S. federal laws relating to cannabis in states where the sale and use of cannabis is currently legal, or if existing applicable state laws are repealed or curtailed, the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects could be materially adversely affected.

There is a growing consensus among cannabis businesses and numerous members of Congress that prosecutorial discretion is not law and temporary legislative riders, such as the Rohrabacher-Farr Amendment, are an inappropriate way to protect lawful medical cannabis businesses. Numerous bills have been introduced in Congress in recent years to decriminalize aspects of state-legal cannabis trades. The Company has observed that each year more congressmen and congresswomen sign on and co-sponsor cannabis legalization bills. In light of all this, it is anticipated that the federal government will eventually repeal the federal prohibition on cannabis and thereby leave the states to decide for themselves whether to permit regulated cannabis cultivation, production and sale, just as states are free today to decide policies governing the distribution of alcohol or tobacco.

The most comprehensive proposal for reform of federal legislation on cannabis was introduced on July 21, 2022, by U.S. Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) along with Cory Booker (D-NJ), and Ron Wyden (D-OR) when they filed the Cannabis Administration and Opportunity Act (the “CAOA”). The CAOA would have removed cannabis from Schedule 1 of the CSA, which would permit its decriminalization and allow the expungement of federal non-violent cannabis crimes. The CAOA would also have imposed a federal tax on cannabis of 10% in its first year of enactment, eventually increasing to 25% in 5% increments. The taxes raised would be used to petition fund programs to benefit communities disproportionately impacted by the “War on Drugs”.

The CAOA would have enshrined the current state cannabis licensing regimes but introduces additional federal permitting of cannabis wholesalers. Regulatory responsibility for cannabis control would be transferred from the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) to the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), the Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco Firearms and Explosives (ATF).

The filing of the CAOA by Democratic congressional leaders in the 117th Congress represented a significant milestone in the move toward federal legalization of cannabis. While the CAOA suggested that legalization may come with significant federal tax burden, federal legalization will also bring long-awaited benefits to the industry of the removal of the Section 280E tax burden, clarity as to the status of state-licensed cannabis businesses, broad access to the banking and card payment system, increased availability, and reduced cost, of capital. The CAOA failed to pass the 117th Congress.

Another bill, the Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement (the “MORE Act”), proposed in the U.S. House of Representatives would have decriminalized and de-scheduled cannabis from the CSA, provide for reinvestment in certain persons adversely impacted by the “War on Drugs,” and provide for expungement of certain cannabis offenses, among other things. The MORE Act passed U.S. House of Representatives on April 1, 2022, but was not taken up in the Senate before the end of the 117th Congress.

There can be no assurance that the CAOA, the MORE Act or similar comprehensive legislation that would de-schedule cannabis and de-criminalize will be passed in the near future or at all. If such legislation is passed, there is no guarantee that it will include provisions that preserve the current state-based cannabis programs under which the Company’s subsidiaries operate or that such legislation will otherwise be favorable the Company and its business.

Money Laundering Laws

Under U.S. federal law, it may potentially be a violation of federal money laundering statutes for financial institutions to take any proceeds from the sale of any Schedule I controlled substance. Due to the CSA categorization of marijuana as a Schedule I drug, federal law makes it illegal for financial institutions that depend on the Federal Reserve’s money transfer system to take any proceeds from marijuana sales as deposits. Banks and other financial institutions could be prosecuted and possibly convicted of money laundering for providing services to cannabis businesses under the U.S. Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970 (the “Bank Secrecy Act”). Therefore, under the Bank Secrecy Act, banks or other

financial institutions that provide a cannabis business with a checking account, debit or credit card, small business loan, or any other service could be charged with money laundering or conspiracy.

While there has been no change in U.S. federal banking laws to accommodate businesses in the large and increasing number of U.S. states that have legalized medical and/or adult-use marijuana, in 2014, the Department of the Treasury Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (“FinCEN”) issued guidance to prosecutors of money laundering and other financial crimes (the “FinCEN Guidance”) and notified banks that it would not seek enforcement of money laundering laws against banks that service cannabis companies operating under state law, provided that strict due diligence and reporting standards are met. The FinCEN Guidance advised prosecutors not to focus their enforcement efforts on banks and other financial institutions that serve marijuana-related businesses so long as that business is legal in their state and none of the federal enforcement priorities referenced in the Cole Memorandum are being violated (such as keeping marijuana away from children and out of the hands of organized crime). The FinCEN Guidance also clarifies how financial institutions can provide services to marijuana-related businesses consistent with their Bank Secrecy Act obligations, including thorough customer due diligence, but makes it clear that they are doing so at their own risk. The customer due diligence steps include:

1.Verifying with the appropriate state authorities whether the business is duly licensed and registered;

2.Reviewing the license application (and related documentation) submitted by the business for obtaining a state license to operate its marijuana-related business;

3.Requesting from state licensing and enforcement authorities available information about the business and related parties;

4.Developing an understanding of the normal and expected activity for the business, including the types of products to be sold and the type of customers to be served (e.g., medical versus adult-use customers);

5.Ongoing monitoring of publicly available sources for adverse information about the business and related parties;

6.Ongoing monitoring for suspicious activity, including for any of the red flags described in this guidance; and

7.Refreshing information obtained as part of customer due diligence on a periodic basis and commensurate with the risk.

With respect to information regarding state licensure obtained in connection with such customer due diligence, a financial institution may reasonably rely on the accuracy of information provided by state licensing authorities, where states make such information available.

Because most banks and other financial institutions are unwilling to provide any banking or financial services to cannabis businesses, these businesses can be forced into becoming “cash-only” businesses. While the FinCEN Guidance decreased some risk for banks and financial institutions considering serving the industry, in practice it has not increased banks’ willingness to provide services to cannabis businesses, and most banks continue to decline to operate under the strict requirements provided under the FinCEN Guidance. This is because, as described above, the current law does not provide banks immunity from prosecution, and it also requires banks and other financial institutions to undertake time-consuming and costly due diligence on each cannabis business they accept as a customer.

The few state-chartered banks and/or credit unions that have agreed to work with marijuana businesses are limiting those accounts to small percentages of their total deposits to avoid creating a liquidity risk. Since, theoretically, the federal government could change the banking laws as it relates to marijuana businesses at any time and without notice, these state-charted banks and credit unions must keep sufficient cash on hand to be able to return the full value of all deposits from marijuana businesses in a single day, while also keeping sufficient liquid capital on hand to serve their other customers. Those state-chartered banks and credit unions that do have customers in the marijuana industry charge marijuana businesses high fees to pass on the added cost of ensuring compliance with the FinCEN Guidance. Unlike the Cole Memorandum, however, the FinCEN Guidance from 2014 has not been rescinded.

The former Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Steven Mnuchin, publicly stated that he did not have a desire to rescind the FinCEN Guidance.5 The current Secretary of the Treasury, Janet Yellen, has not yet articulated an official position of the U.S. Department of the Treasury with regard to the FinCEN Guidance and thus as an industry best practice and consistent with its standard operating procedures, the Company adheres to all customer due diligence steps in the FinCEN Guidance.

In both Canada and the U.S., transactions involving banks and other financial institutions are both difficult and unpredictable under the current legal and regulatory landscape. Indeed, the ability of retail customers to pay for their purchases of the

5Angell, Tom. (2018 February 6). Trump Treasury Secretary Wants Marijuana Money In Banks, available at https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomangell/2018/02/06/trump-treasury-secretary-wants-marijuana-money-in-banks/#2848046a3a53; see also Mnuchin: Treasury is reviewing cannabis policies. (2018 February 7), available at http://www.scotsmanguide.com/News/2018/02/Mnuchin--Treasury-is-reviewing-cannabis-policies/.

Company’s products by accessing the customers’ personal bank accounts can be problematic and dependent upon how the payment processor networks view these transactions. Recently, one such network, Mastercard, reportedly instructed U.S. financial institutions to stop allowing retail purchases of cannabis products on its debit cards, thus denying customers of a convenient way to purchase marijuana products without cash. The Company is actively assessing this development and the impact, if any, upon its operations. Legislative changes could help to reduce or eliminate these challenges for companies in the cannabis space and would improve the efficiency of both significant and minor financial transactions.

In the absence of comprehensive reform of federal cannabis legislation that would decriminalize the cannabis industry, a growing number of members of Congress have expressed support for federal legislation that would eliminate from the scope of federal money laundering statutes the financing activity of businesses operating under state-sanctioned cannabis programs. On September 26, 2019, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the Secured and Fair Enforcement Banking Act of 2019 (commonly known as the “SAFE Banking Act”), which aims to provide safe harbor and guidance to financial institutions that work with legal U.S. cannabis businesses. The SAFE Banking Acts has since been introduced and has passed the U.S. House of Representatives several times, but still awaits action from the U.S. Senate. The SAFE Banking Act has also been proposed as a rider to federal annual budget bills and the National Defense Appropriations Act. However, such attempts have failed, most recently with respect to inclusion the Consolidated Appropriate Act, signed by President Biden on December 29, 2022. Most recently, a slightly revised bill known as the Secure and Fair Enforcement Regulation Banking Act (SAFER Banking Act) was introduced in the Senate on September 21, 2023. The SAFER Banking Act bill was heard by the Senate Banking Committee, and was adopted on September 27th by a notable bipartisan majority of 14-9. The bill has now been placed on the Senate legislative calendar under general orders and is awaiting a Senate floor vote. Once again, there can be no assurance of the content of any final proposed legislation or that such legislation is ever passed. The Company’s inability, or limitations on the Company’s ability, to open or maintain bank accounts, obtain other banking services and/or accept credit card and debit card payments may make it difficult for the Company to operate and conduct its business as planned or to operate efficiently.

Federal Taxation of Cannabis Businesses

An additional challenge to cannabis-related businesses is that the provisions of Section 280E are being applied by the IRS to businesses operating in the medical and adult-use cannabis industry. Section 280E prohibits businesses from deducting certain expenses associated with the trafficking of controlled substances within the meaning of Schedule I and II of the CSA. The IRS has applied Section 280E broadly in tax audits against various cannabis businesses in the U.S. that are permitted under applicable state laws, seeking substantial sums in tax liabilities, interest and penalties resulting from underpayment of taxes due to the lack of deductibility of otherwise ordinary business expenses, the deduction of which is prohibited by Section 280E. Although the IRS issued a clarification allowing the deduction of certain expenses that can be categorized as cost of goods sold, the scope of such items is interpreted very narrowly, and the bulk of operating costs and general administrative costs are not permitted to be deducted. Therefore, businesses in the state-legal cannabis industry are subject to higher effective tax rates and thus may be less profitable than they would otherwise be.

Reform of Federal Legislation on Industrial Hemp

On December 20, 2018, former President Donald Trump signed the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, Pub. L. 115-334, (popularly known as the “2018 Farm Bill”) into law.6 Under the 2018 Farm Bill, industrial and commercial hemp is no longer to be classified as a Schedule I controlled substance in the U.S. Hemp includes the plant cannabis sativa L and any part of that plant, including seeds, derivatives, extracts, cannabinoids and isomers, which contain no more than 0.3% of delta-9-THC concentration by dry weight. The 2018 Farm Bill allows states to create regulatory programs allowing for the licensed cultivation of hemp and production of hemp-derived products. Hemp and products derived from it, such as CBD, may then be sold into commerce and transported across state lines, provided that the hemp from which any product is derived was cultivated under a license issued by an authorized state program approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and otherwise meets the definition of hemp.

Insofar as the 2018 Farm Bill expires this year, there is no guarantee that the Farm Bill will be re-enacted or that if re-enacted, changes could be made to the current version that could impact the treatment of hemp, especially as it relates to the current definition of hemp that excludes it from the provisions of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA). In the event the current exclusion is not adopted in a re-enacted Farm Bill, or is otherwise changed, this could negatively impact the Company’s current initiative to distribute interstate edible hemp-derived products that contain up to 0.3% delta-9-THC.

Despite the removal of CBD extracted from hemp and other hemp extracts, produced under authorized state hemp programs from the Controlled Substance Act, the FDA’s stated position remains that it is a prohibited act under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to introduce into interstate commerce a food to which CBD, THC or cannabinoids has been added,

6H.R.2 - 115th Congress (2017-2018): Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, Congress.gov (2018), https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/2/text.

or to market a product containing these ingredients as a dietary supplement.7 However, on January 26, 2023, the FDA concluded that a new regulatory pathway for CBD is needed that balances individual’s desire for access to CBD products with the regulatory oversight needed to manage risks. The FDA is seeking support from Congress to develop a new regulatory pathway.

Similarly, when it comes to the Company’s hemp-derived delta-9-THC products, the FDA has clearly indicated that the sale of edible food or supplement products containing any cannabis or cannabis derivative as impermissible adulterated products under the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (“FDCA”). While the FDA has focused its enforcement actions on unsubstantiated product claims related to these products, it has indicated repeatedly that its policies toward such products are under review. The Company may be forced to change its marketing practices with respect to its hemp-derived delta-9-THC products, or cease its sales, in response to an FDA enforcement action. The food and drug laws of most states track federal law with respect to the marketing and sale of edible products containing hemp-derived ingredients. While the Company is not aware of any enforcement actions against hemp-derived delta-9-THC products under state food and drug laws, some states have sought to prohibit sales of hemp-derived products based on such laws and, like the federal FDA, they may review their enforcement policy with respect to hemp-derived delta-9-THC products.

On a state level, the November 2020 elections included multiple initiatives on state ballots regarding cannabis, all of which passed. In Arizona and New Jersey, two markets where the Company already has medical operations described herein, adult-use cannabis ballot initiatives passed. Similarly, adult-use passed in Montana, medical use passed in Mississippi, and both adult-use and medical use passed in South Dakota, the legalization of adult-use in South Dakota was later nullified by state courts for procedural reasons. Barring any further legal challenges, these states are expected to adopt governing rules and regulations to expand their cannabis programs accordingly. In the 2022 election cycle, voters in Arkansas, North Dakota and South Dakota rejected ballot measures aimed at legalizing recreational use of cannabis while in two other states, Maryland and Missouri, votes approved measures legalizing cannabis for adult use.

The results of the 2022 Congressional elections may impact the likelihood of any legal developments regarding cannabis at the national level, including the passage of the CAOA, the SAFER Banking Act and the MORE Act. While President Biden campaigned on a platform that included cannabis decriminalization and, as noted above, has taken steps to review current federal agency policy concerning cannabis, the Republicans, who have tended to be less supportive than Democrats of federal cannabis reforms, took control of the United States House of Representatives, which could impact the prospects for cannabis reform legislation.

Service Providers

As a result of any adverse change to the approach in enforcement of U.S. cannabis laws, adverse regulatory or political change, additional scrutiny by regulatory authorities, adverse change in public perception in respect of the consumption of marijuana or otherwise, third party service providers to the Company could suspend or withdraw their services, which may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, revenues, operating results, financial condition or prospects.

Ability to Access Capital

Given the current U.S. federal laws regarding cannabis, traditional bank financing is typically not available to U.S. cannabis companies. Specifically, the federal illegality of marijuana in the U.S. means that financial transactions involving proceeds generated by cannabis-related conduct can form the basis for prosecution under money laundering statutes, the unlicensed money transmitter statute and the Bank Secrecy Act. As a result, businesses involved in the cannabis industry often have difficulty finding a bank willing to accept their business. Banks who do accept deposits from cannabis-related businesses in the U.S. must do so in compliance with the Cole Memorandum and the FinCEN guidance, both discussed above.

The Company requires equity and/or debt financing to support on-going operations, to undertake capital expenditures or to undertake acquisitions or other business combination transactions. There can be no assurance that additional financing will be available to the Company when needed or on terms which are acceptable. The Company’s inability to raise financing through traditional banking to fund on-going operations, capital expenditures or acquisitions could limit its growth and may have a material adverse effect upon the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition or prospects.

If additional funds are raised through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, existing Company shareholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities issued could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to existing holders of SVS.

7 Notably, to date the FDA’s enforcement activities in respect of the sale of CBD foods and supplements has been largely focused upon those manufacturers and distributors that have made impermissible claims about the efficacy of CBD for treating certain diseases and medical conditions.

Heightened Scrutiny by Regulatory Authorities

For the reasons set forth above, the Company’s existing operations in the U.S., and any future operations or investments of the Company, may become the subject of heightened scrutiny by regulators, stock exchanges and other authorities in Canada. As a result, the Company may be subject to significant direct and indirect interaction with public officials. There can be no assurance that this heightened scrutiny will not in turn lead to the imposition of certain restrictions on the Company’s ability to operate or invest in any other jurisdictions, or have consequences for its stock exchange listing or Canadian reporting obligations, in addition to those described herein.

Change to government policy or public opinion may also result in a significant influence on the regulation of the cannabis industry in Canada, the U.S., or elsewhere. A negative shift in the public’s perception of medical or adult-use cannabis in the U.S. or any other applicable jurisdiction could affect future legislation or regulation, or enforcement. Such a shift could cause state jurisdictions to abandon initiatives or proposals to legalize medical or adult-use cannabis, thereby limiting the number of new state jurisdictions into which the Company could expand. Any inability to fully implement the Company’s business strategy in the states in which the Company currently operates or in the Company’s ability to expand its business into new states, may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations. See the “Risk Factors” section of the Annual Information Form for additional details.

Further, violations of any federal laws and regulations could result in significant fines, penalties, administrative sanctions, convictions, or settlements arising from civil proceedings conducted by either the federal government or private citizens, or criminal charges, including, but not limited to, disgorgement of profits, asset forfeiture, and cessation of business activities or divestiture. Any enforcement action against the Company or any of its licensed operating facilities could have a material adverse effect on (1) the Company’s reputation, (2) the Company’s ability to conduct business, (3) the Company’s holdings (directly or indirectly) of medical or adult-use cannabis licenses in the U.S., (4) the listing or quoting of the Company’s securities on various stock exchanges, (5) the Company’s financial position, (6) the Company’s operating results, profitability, or liquidity, or (7) the market price of the Company’s publicly traded shares. In addition, it is difficult for the Company to estimate the time or resources that would be needed for the investigation of any such matters or their final resolution because the time and resources that may be necessary depend on the nature and extent of any information requested by the applicable authorities involved, and such time or resources could be substantial. See the “Risk Factors” section of the Annual Information Form for additional details. The Company’s business activities, and the business activities of its subsidiaries, while believed to be compliant with applicable U.S. state and local laws, currently are illegal under U.S. federal law.

Further to the indication by CDS Clearing and Depository Services Inc. (“CDS”), Canada’s central securities depository, clearing and settling trades in the Canadian equity, fixed income and money markets that it would refuse to settle trades for cannabis issuers that have investments in the U.S., the TMX Group, the owner and operator of CDS, subsequently issued a statement in August 2017 reaffirming that there is no CDS ban on the clearing of securities of issuers with cannabis-related activities in the U.S., despite media reports to the contrary and that the TMX Group was working with regulators to arrive at a solution that will clarify this matter, which would be communicated at a later time.

In February 2018, following discussions with the Canadian Securities Administrators and recognized Canadian securities exchanges, the TMX Group announced the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (“MOU”) with The Aequitas NEO Exchange Inc., the CSE, the Toronto Stock Exchange, and the TSX Venture Exchange. The MOU outlines the parties’ understanding of Canada’s regulatory framework applicable to the rules, procedures, and regulatory oversight of the exchanges and CDS as it relates to issuers with cannabis-related activities in the U.S. The MOU confirms, with respect to the clearing of listed securities, that CDS relies on the exchanges to review the conduct of listed issuers. As a result, there is currently no CDS ban on the clearing of securities of issuers with cannabis-related activities in the U.S. However, there can be no guarantee that this approach to regulation will continue in the future. If such a ban were to be implemented at a time when the SVS are listed on a stock exchange, it would have a material adverse effect on the ability of holders of SVS to make and settle trades. In particular, the SVS would become highly illiquid as until an alternative was implemented, investors would have no ability to affect a trade of securities through the facilities of the applicable stock exchange. Curaleaf has obtained eligibility with The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) for its SVS quotation on the OTCQX® Best Market and such eligibility provides another possible avenue to clear the SVS in the event of a CDS ban. Revocation of DTC eligibility or implementation by DTC of a ban on the clearing of securities of issuers with cannabis-related activities in the U.S. would similarly have a material adverse effect on the ability of holders of the SVS to make and settle trades.

Compliance and Monitoring

As of the date of this MD&A, the Company believes that each of its licensed operating entities (a) holds all applicable licenses to cultivate, manufacture, possess, and/or distribute cannabis in each respective state, and (b) is in good standing and in material compliance with each respective state’s cannabis regulatory program. The Company believes that it is in material compliance with its obligations under state laws related to its cannabis cultivation, processing and dispensary licenses, other than minor violations that would not result in a material fine, suspension or revocation of any relevant license.

The Company uses reasonable commercial efforts to ensure that its business is in material compliance with laws and applicable licensing requirements and engages in the regulatory and legislative process nationally and in every state we operate through our compliance department, government relations department, outside government relations consultants, cannabis industry groups and legal counsel.

The compliance department consists of our Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), James Shorris, as well as regional and state-level compliance officers. Each compliance officer is charged with knowing the local regulatory process in the state or states for which he or she is responsible and for monitoring developments with their governing bodies. Each compliance officer regularly reports regulatory developments to the Company’s CCO through written and oral communications and are charged with the creation and implementation of plans regarding all regulatory developments. The Company’s CCO works with external legal advisors in the states in which the Company operates to ensure that the Company is in on-going compliance with applicable state laws.

The government relations department, consisting of two vice presidents, Matt Harrell and Don Williams, work closely with Curaleaf management to develop relationships with local and state regulators, industry groups, and elected officials in order to effectively monitor and engage in the regulatory and legislative processes. The Company’s Government Relations Department develops strategies, engages legislative consultants, directly lobbies and works with third party groups to protect the Company’s right to operate and to advocate for legislation, regulations and oversight under which it can be successful.

Although the Company believes that its business activities are materially compliant with applicable and state and local laws of the U.S., strict compliance with state and local laws with respect to cannabis may neither absolve the Company of liability under U.S. federal law nor provide a defense to any federal proceeding which may be brought against the Company. Any such proceedings brought against the Company may result in a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company derives 100% of its revenues from the cannabis industry in certain states, which industry is illegal under U.S. federal law. Even where the Company’s cannabis-related activities are compliant with applicable state and local law, such activities remain illegal under U.S. federal law. The enforcement of relevant federal laws is a significant risk.

In addition to the above disclosure, see the “Risk Factors” section of the Annual Information Form for further risk factors associated with the operations of the Company.

The U.S. States The Company Operates In, Their Legal Framework and How It Affects Our Business

The chart below depicts (i) the states in which the Company operates and includes the date of legalization of cannabis for medicinal and/or recreational use, and (ii) for each U.S. state the Company operates in, the number of dispensaries, processing facilities and cultivation sites (along with cultivation square footage) the Company owns, as well as the categories of products that are permitted in each such state.

Each U.S. state has various licensing requirements, restrictions on the number of facilities license holders may operate, limitations on the number of license holders in the state, and various other regulations, which are enforced by applicable state agencies as discussed below. The Company conducts its operations in each respective state in compliance, in material respects, with each regulation applicable to it in such state.

All of the states in which the Company operates have adopted legislation to permit the use of cannabis products for certain qualifying conditions and diseases, when recommended by a medical doctor, including Kentucky which recently allowed the use and possession of medical cannabis legally purchased from neighboring states by patients with qualifying medical conditions. Recreational marijuana, or adult-use cannabis, is legal cannabis sold in licensed dispensaries to adults ages 21 and older. Kentucky’s hemp program was introduced in 2013 and currently only allows hemp-derived products wholesale, including cannabinoids such as CBD and cannabigerol (“CBG”). The Company has a 74,000 square foot processing/handling facility in Lexington that is currently and principally used for the manufacture of hemp-derived edible products containing no more than 0.3% delta-9-THC, by dry weight.

Continuing Operations
State	Medicinal Legalization	Adult-use Legalization	Dispensaries	Processing Facilities		Cultivation Sites		Cultivation Square Feet		Permitted Products
					Oil		Edibles		Flower		Delivery		Wholesale
AZ	2010	2020	16	3(8)		3		193,300		X(1)		X		X	X(4)	X
CT	2012	2021	4	1		1		24,510		X(1)		X		X	—	X
FL	2014	—	60	2		2		386,110		X(1)		X		X	—	X
IL	2013	2019	10	1		1		104,418		X(2)		X		X	X	X(3)
ME	1999	2019	4	1		1		79,926		X		X		X	—	X
MD	2013	2023	4	1		1		30,982		X(1)		X		X	X	X
MA	2012	2016	4	1		1		59,474		X(2)		X		X	X(7)	X
MO	2018	2022	—	1		—		—		—		—		—	—	—
NV	2013	2016	7	3		3		89,638		—		—		X	—	—
NJ	2010	2020	3	1		1		61,000		X(1)		X		X	X	X
NY	2014	2021	4	1		1		110,496		X(1)		X		X	X(7)	X(3)
ND	2016	—	4	1		1		16,500		X(2)		X		X	X(7)	X
OH	2016	—	2	1		1 Level 1		20,100		X		—		X	X(3)	X
PA	2016	—	18	2		2		131,500		X(1)		X		X	X	X
UT	2018	—	4	1		1		67,500		X(2)		—		X	—	—
VT	2004	2022	2	2		1		10,000		X		X(6)		X	X	X
			146	23		21		1,385,454
Discontinued Operations
State	Medicinal Legalization	Adult-use Legalization	Dispensaries	Processing Facilities		Cultivation Sites		Cultivation Square Feet		Permitted Products
					Oil		Edibles		Flower		Delivery		Wholesale
CA	1996	2016	0	2		0		—		X(2)		X		X	X	X
CO	2000	2012	1	2		1		2,195,475		X(2)		X		X	X	X
KY	—	—	—	1(10)		—		—		—		—		—	—	—
ME	1999	2019	1(11)	0		0		0		X(1)		X		—	—	—
MI	2008	2018	3	—		—		—		X(1)		X		X	—	—
OR	1998	2014	1	1		1		37,000		X(1)		X		X	—	X
			6	6		2		2,232,475
						(1)		Extracted oils only
						(2)		Oil-based formulations only
						(3)		Permitted with approval
						(4)		Medical-use only
						(5)		In select areas
(6)	With limits
---	---
(7)	Permitted, however Curaleaf dispensaries do not offer home delivery at this time
(8)	Pueblo West Organics, LLC processing license is inactive as of September 30, 2023
(9)	Transition of Los Suenos cultivation operations to MSA
(10)	Manufacturing and distribution of hemp-derived products, such as CBD and CBG
(11)	Represents adult-use Maine

Arizona

Arizona Licensing Scheme

Arizona’s licensing body for medical and adult-use cannabis is the Arizona Department of Health Services (“AZDHS”). The market is divided into two classes of licenses: medical and adult use. Each license grants the licensee the ability to have one dispensary, one processing site, and one cultivation site. There is no requirement for vertical integration in Arizona and processing and cultivation sites can be used by third party companies. Arizona does not recognize third party companies and although they operate, the ultimate responsibility for compliance falls on the license holder themselves. As of September 30, 2023, there were approximately 148 operating dispensaries.

Arizona Medical Patient Requirements

For medical card holders, acceptable diagnoses include agitation of Alzheimer’s disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (“ALS”), any chronic or debilitating medical condition or disease or the treatment for one that causes cachexia or wasting syndrome, cancer, chronic pain, such as from migraines or arthritis, Crohn’s disease, glaucoma, human immunodeficiency virus (“HIV”) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (“AIDS”), hepatitis C, PTSD, severe nausea, severe or persistent muscle spasms, such as those associated with multiple sclerosis (“MS”), and seizures, including from epilepsy.

As indicated in the chart above, all categories of product are allowed to be sold as either adult use or medical except for edibles over 100-mg THC per package, which must be sold to medical patients only. Adult use edibles cannot be more than 10mg THC per serving or 100mg THC per package. AZDHS determines whether a product is either adult use or medical at the time of dispensing so an adult use cultivation facility can make products that can be sold as medical through a dispensary as long as it meets the same requirements for medical.

Arizona Recent and Proposed Legislation

Recently proposed legislation currently under review in Arizona includes H2260: Medical Marijuana; Medical Conditions, which would expand the listing of qualified medical conditions to obtain a medical card; H2545: Marijuana: Social Equity Ownership Licenses, which would prohibit holders of a social equity ownership marijuana establishment license from transferring such license within the first 10 years of issuance; H2792: Landlords: Tenant’s Marijuana Use, which prohibits a landlord from terminating a tenant’s rental agreement because the tenant uses marijuana; H2828: Department of Marijuana Regulation, which establishes the Arizona Department of Marijuana Regulation (“ADMR”) for the purpose of administering the Arizona Medical Marijuana Act and status governing the responsible adult use of marijuana; and, S1715: Hemp-Derived Manufactured Cannabinoids; Prohibition, which excludes "hemp-derived manufactured psychotropic cannabinoids” from the definition of “marijuana” and “marijuana products” and adds such to the definition of “usable marijuana”.

Connecticut Licensing Scheme

The Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection (the “DCP”) is responsible for licensing and regulating both medical and adult-use cannabis establishments in Connecticut. The market is divided in the following types of licenses: retail, cultivation, production, and bakery. There is currently no limit on the number of licenses available and one license grants the applicant one site (retail, cultivation, production, or bakery). As of September 30, 2023, there were 19 operational dispensaries. A board-certified pharmacist must be on-site to dispense medical cannabis at a dispensary.

Connecticut Medical Patient Requirements

For medical card holders that are over 18, acceptable diagnoses include: cancer, glaucoma, positive status for HIV or AIDS, Parkinson’s Disease, MS, damage to the nervous tissue of the spinal cord with objective neurological indication of intractable spasticity, epilepsy, cachexia, wasting syndrome, Crohn’s Disease, PTSD, sickle cell disease, post laminectomy syndrome with chronic radiculopathy, severe psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, ALS, ulcerative colitis, complex regional pain syndrome, (“CRPS”), Type 1 and Type II, cerebral palsy, cystic fibrosis, irreversible spinal cord injury with objective neurological indication of intractable spasticity, terminal illness requiring end-of-life care, uncontrolled intractable seizure disorder, spasticity or neuropathic pain associated with fibromyalgia, severe rheumatoid arthritis, post herpetic neuralgia, hydrocephalus with intractable headache, intractable headache syndromes, neuropathic facial pain, muscular dystrophy, osteogenesis imperfecta, chronic neuropathic pain associated with degenerative spinal disorders, and interstitial cystitis. For medical card holders under 18, acceptable diagnoses include: cerebral palsy, cystic fibrosis, irreversible spinal cord injury with objective neurological indication of intractable spasticity, severe epilepsy, terminal illness requiring end-of-life care, uncontrolled intractable seizure disorder, muscular dystrophy, osteogenesis imperfecta, intractable neuropathic pain that is

unresponsive to standard medical treatments, Tourette’s Syndrome for patients who have failed standard medical treatment, and chronic pancreatitis for patients whose pain is recalcitrant to standard medical management.

Connecticut Recent and Proposed Legislation

Effective July 1, 2021, adult-use was legalized in Connecticut. There are 14 different cannabis license types and registrations issued by the DCP that fall into the following categories: growing, manufacturing, sales, delivery and transportation, and individual licenses and registrations. Applications for licenses became available on February 3, 2022. Each municipality must approve zoning to allow for cannabis establishments including retailers and micro-cultivators. Municipalities also have the authority to establish restrictions, make zoning updates, and collect certain tax. The provisional license does not allow an adult-use cannabis establishment to commence operations until all final license requirements are met. Retail sales of adult-use cannabis commenced in certain dispensaries in Connecticut on January 10, 2023 and expanded to an additional dispensary in July 2023.

Florida

Florida Licensing Scheme

Florida’s licensing body is the Department of Health Office of Medical Marijuana Use (“OMMU”). The OMMU has authorized 22 Medical Marijuana Treatment Centers in the state that cover all vertically integrated sites (cultivation, processing, fulfillment/storage, and dispensing) and sites are approved under a function that falls under either cultivation, processing, fulfillment/storage, or dispensing. There is no limit on the number of dispensaries, fulfillment/storage warehouses, processing sites, or cultivation sites. However, there is a requirement to receive local zoning approval for each proposed dispensary.

Florida Medical Patient Requirements

For medical card holders, acceptable diagnoses include: cancer, epilepsy, glaucoma, HIV or AIDS, PTSD, ALS, Crohn’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, MS, medical conditions of the same kind or class as or comparable to those enumerated in the above, a terminal condition diagnosed by a physician other than the qualified physician issuing the physician certification, and chronic non-malignant pain.

Illinois

Illinois Licensing Scheme

Illinois’ licensing body is the Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation (“IDFPR”) for retail, and Illinois Department of Agriculture for cultivation/processing. The main classes of licenses include retail, cultivation, craft growers, infusers, and transporters. For cultivation/processing, no more than three cultivation licenses are allowed per entity and for retail, no more than 10 locations per entity. As of September 30, 2023, there were approximately 160 adult use operational dispensaries.

Illinois Medical Patient Requirements

For medical card holders, acceptable diagnoses include: Alzheimer’s Disease, HIV or AIDS, ALS, Arnold-Chiari Malformation, cachexia/wasting syndrome, cancer, causalgia, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Crohn’s Disease, CRPS, dystonia, fibrous dysplasia, glaucoma, hepatitis C, hydrocephalus, hydromyelia, interstitial cystitis, intractable pain, lupus, MS, muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, myoclonus, nail patella syndrome, neurofibromatosis, Parkinson’s Disease, PTSD, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, residual limb pain, rheumatoid arthritis, seizures disorders, severe fibromyalgia, Sjogren’s Syndrome, spinal cord disease, spinal cord injury, indication of intractable spasticity, spinocerebellar ataxia, syringomyelia, Tarlov cysts, Tourette Syndrome, traumatic brain injury, and patients with valid opioid prescriptions.

Illinois Recent and Proposed Legislation

In June 2019, Illinois legalized adult-use cannabis pursuant to the Cannabis Regulation and Tax Act (the “IL Act”). Effective January 1, 2020, Illinois residents 21 years of age and older may possess up to 30 grams of cannabis (nonresidents may possess up to 15 grams). The IL Act authorizes IDFPR to issue up to 75 Conditional Adult-Use Dispensing Organization licenses before May 1, 2020 and an additional 110 conditional licenses during 2021. No person may hold a financial interest in more than 10 dispensing organizations. Existing medical dispensaries were able to apply for an “Early Approval Adult-use Dispensing Organization License” to serve adult purchasers at an existing medical dispensary or at a secondary site. The IDFPR also held an application period for Conditional Adult-Use Cannabis Dispensary Licenses from December 10, 2019

through January 2, 2020. On September 3, 2021, the IDFPR announced the results of the lotteries to award 185 conditional adult-use dispensing licenses. On June 23, 2022 a corrective lottery was conducted for up to 75 additional licenses.

Maine

Maine Licensing Scheme

Maine’s licensing body is the Department of Administrative and Financial Services Office of Cannabis Policy. There currently is no limit on the number medical or adult use licenses, however, municipalities must opt-in for adult use and medical dispensary owners must be Maine residents. Medical licenses can be vertical (one license per dispensary, one license per entity) and must have local approval and relevant licensing (tobacco, food license). Additionally, adult use licenses are also unlimited and are as follows: retail, cultivation and manufacturing (one license grants one dispensary, cultivation or manufacturing facility). As of September 30, 2023, there were approximately 219 adult use dispensaries in operation.

Maine Medical Patient Requirements

For medical use, qualified practitioners may issue a certificate for any condition/reason where in their professional opinion a qualifying patient is likely to receive therapeutic or palliative benefit from the medical use of marijuana to treat or alleviate the patient’s medical diagnosis. Medical patients may possess up to eight pounds of harvested marijuana.

Maryland

Maryland Licensing Scheme

Maryland’s licensing body is the Maryland Medical Cannabis Commission. The market is divided into the following types of licenses: dispensary, grower/cultivator, processor, independent testing laboratory, and ancillary business. Each issued license is associated with one facility. As of September 30, 2023, there were approximately 101 operational dispensaries. A person may not have interest in or control of, including the power to manage or operate, more than one grower license, one processor license, and four dispensary licenses. Edibles are permitted under the condition that they are shelf stable. Topicals are also permitted.

Maryland Medical Patient Requirements

For medical use, acceptable diagnoses include cachexia, anorexia, wasting syndrome, severe or chronic pain, severe nausea, seizures, severe or persistent muscle spasms, glaucoma, PTSD, or another chronic medical condition which is severe and for which other treatments have been ineffective. A clinical director is required to be available electronically for all dispensaries.

Maryland Recent and Proposed Legislation

On November 8, 2022, Maryland voters, through a public ballot initiative, approved the legalization of adult-use cannabis. As of July 1, 2023, it became legal for adults 21 and older to use cannabis and possess up to 1.5 ounces. Retail sales in our Maryland dispensaries commenced as scheduled on July 1, 2023.

Massachusetts

Massachusetts Licensing Scheme

Massachusetts’ licensing body for medical and adult-use is the Cannabis Control Commission. The market is divided into the following types of licenses: retail, cultivation, production manufacturing, testing laboratory, transporter, research, and delivery. Each issued license is associated with one facility and as of September 30, 2023, there were approximately 61 operational Medical Treatment Centers (“MTCs”). No person or entity having direct or indirect control shall be granted, or hold, more than three licenses in a particular class and is limited to 100,000 square feet of canopy which is distributed across no more than three cultivation licenses and three MTCs.

Massachusetts Medical Patient Requirements

For medical use, acceptable diagnoses include cancer, glaucoma, positive status HIV, AIDS, hepatitis C, ALS, Crohn’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and MS, when such diseases are debilitating, and other debilitating conditions as determined in writing by a Qualifying Patient’s healthcare provider.

Missouri

Missouri Licensing Scheme

Missouri’s licensing body is the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (“DHSS”). The market is divided into the following types of licenses: cultivation, infused products manufacturing facility, dispensary facility, transportation facility, and testing facility. As of September 30, 2023, there were approximately 199 operational dispensaries. There are no vertical integration requirements in Missouri and one license allows one facility. Facilities may not be owned, in whole or in part, or have as an officer, director, board member, or manager, any individual with a disqualifying felony offense. Facilities must be majority owned (>50%) by natural persons who have been residents of Missouri for at least one year. No more than three cultivation, no more than three manufacturing, and no more than five dispensary licenses shall be issued to any entity under substantially common control, ownership, or management.

Missouri Medical Patient Requirements

For medical card holders, acceptable diagnoses/qualifying medical conditions include: cancer; epilepsy; glaucoma; intractable migraines unresponsive to other treatment; a chronic medical condition that causes severe, persistent pain or persistent muscle spasms, including, but not limited to, those associated with MS, seizures, Parkinson’s disease, and Tourette’s syndrome; debilitating psychiatric disorders, including, but not limited to, PTSD, if diagnosed by a state licensed psychiatrist; HIV or AIDS; a chronic medical condition that is normally treated with a prescription medication that could lead to physical or psychological dependence, when a physician determines that medical use of cannabis could be effective in treating that condition and would serve as a safer alternative to the prescription medication; any terminal illness; or in the professional judgment of a physician, any other chronic, debilitating or other medical condition, including, but not limited to, hepatitis C, ALS, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, Huntington’s disease, autism, neuropathies, sickle cell anemia, agitation of Alzheimer’s disease, cachexia, and wasting syndrome.

Missouri Recent and Proposed Legislation

On November 8, 2022, Missouri voters approved a constitutional amendment to allow for the legalization of adult use cannabis. On December 8, 2022, existing medical license holders will be permitted to apply to switch their business to adult use. DHSS must take action on those applications within 60 days but anticipates doing so prior to the deadline as soon as the agency has rules in place. The first adult-use retail sales are expected to occur in early 2023.

Nevada

Nevada Licensing Scheme

Nevada’s licensing body for medical and adult-use is the Cannabis Compliance Board (“CCB”). The market is divided into the following types of licenses: cultivation, production, distribution, dispensary/retail, and testing laboratory and a newly available consumption lounge license. There is no specific limit on licenses for Nevada and as of September 30, 2023, there were 101 operational retail dispensaries. Licenses are only granted during licensing rounds and licensing rounds are not regularly scheduled but held as needed, per jurisdiction.

The licensing round for consumption lounge licenses was held from October 14, 2022 through October 27, 2022. Once granted, a license cannot be moved outside of that local jurisdiction. There are currently no active licensing rounds or planned rounds. Additionally, there is no set limit on size/structure, each facility is individually assessed and approved by the CCB and the applicable local jurisdiction. The Company submitted the initial Consumption Lounge licensing application and is awaiting notification of whether the Company has been awarded a prospective license. If awarded a prospective license the Company will have 120 days to complete additional documentation required to proceed to the suitability portion of the application process. There are a total of 40 Retail-Attached licenses possible. 20 Retail-Attached applications were received by the CCB. There are another 20 Independent licenses possible, of which 10 are designated for Social Equity applicants.

Location limits per Nevada Revised Statutes (“NRS”) are as follows: The physical address where the proposed medical cannabis establishment will be located and the physical address of any co-owned additional or otherwise associated medical cannabis establishments, the locations of which may not be within 1,000 feet of a public or private school that provides formal education traditionally associated with preschool or kindergarten through grade 12 and that existed on the date on which the application for the proposed medical cannabis establishment was submitted to the CCB, within 300 feet of a community facility that existed on the date on which the application for the proposed medical cannabis establishment was submitted to the CCB or, if the proposed medical cannabis establishment will be located in a county whose population is 100,000 or more, within 1,500 feet of an establishment that holds a nonrestricted gaming license. CCB approval is required

for all actions including transfers of interest, ownership, and management service agreements. Each issued license is associated with one facility.

Nevada Medical Patient Requirements

For medical use, acceptable diagnoses include: AIDS; an anxiety disorder; an autism spectrum disorder; an autoimmune disease; anorexia nervosa; cancer; dependence upon or addiction to opioids; glaucoma; cachexia; muscle spasms, including, without limitation, spasms caused by MS; seizures, including, without limitation, seizures caused by epilepsy; nausea; or severe or chronic pain; a medical condition related to the HIV; and a neuropathic condition, whether or not such condition causes seizures.

New Jersey

New Jersey Licensing Scheme

New Jersey’s licensing body is the New Jersey Cannabis Regulatory Commission. As of September 30, 2023, the market consisted of cultivation, manufacturing, retail, and delivery licenses. Cultivation facilities have a 150,000 square foot limit on canopy size and one license grants access to one facility. As of September 30, 2023, there were approximately 23 operational medical dispensaries. Adult use sales began on April 21, 2022. Edibles are currently allowed, with draft currently promulgated that would expand the permissible categories to include baked goods.

New Jersey Medical Patient Requirements

For medical use, acceptable diagnoses include: ALS, anxiety, cancer, chronic pain, dysmenorrhea, glaucoma, inflammatory bowel disease, including Crohn’s disease, intractable skeletal muscular spasticity, migraines, MS, muscular dystrophy, opioid use disorder, positive status for HIV and AIDS, PTSD, seizure disorder, including epilepsy, terminal illness with prognosis of less than 12 months to live, or Tourette’s Syndrome.

New York

New York Licensing Scheme

New York’s licensing body, the Office of Cannabis Management (“OCM”) approves entities to operate as “registered organizations” under the Compassionate Care Act, as amended by the Marijuana Regulation and Taxation Act (“MRTA”). Each registered organization is vertically integrated and can operate one cultivation/processing facility and up to four dispensaries.

Licenses under New York’s medical cannabis program are valid for two years from the date of issuance and registered organizations are required to submit a renewal application not more than six months nor less than four months prior to expiration. Registered organizations must ensure that no medical cannabis product is sold, delivered, transported or distributed by a producer from or to a location outside of New York. As of September 30, 2023, there were 40 operational dispensing facilities.

New York Medical Patient Requirements

On January 24, 2022, the OCM announced the launch of a new Medical Cannabis Program certification and registration system expanding the existing medical cannabis program. Moving forward, the program will allow the certification of a patient by a practitioner for any condition that the practitioner believes can be treated with medical cannabis.

New York Recent and Proposed Legislation

On November 21, 2022, the New York Cannabis Control Board released draft regulations implementing the Adult-Use Cannabis program as contemplated by the MRTA. Among these regulations were specific provisions outlining the licensing requirements and processes for registered organizations to participate in the adult-use market. Of note, registered organizations are prohibited from retail sales license until at least December 29, 2023. These draft regulations are subject to a 60-day public comment period following its date of publication in the New York State Register. The draft regulations were published in the Register on December 14, 2022.

The Cannabis Control Board also issued the first of its Conditional Adult Use Retail Dispensary licenses, designated for justice-involved applicants, to 36 groups or individuals. As of October 2023, there were 26 licensed adult-use retail dispensaries including 5 delivery-only locations.

North Dakota

North Dakota Licensing Scheme

The licensing body is the North Dakota Department of Health, Medical Marijuana Division (“NDDOH”). The market is divided into two classes of licenses: manufacturing facility and dispensary. Each license grants the licensee the ability to have one dispensary or manufacturing facility.

The activities of a manufacturing facility are limited to producing and processing and to related activities, including acquiring, possessing, storing, transferring, and transporting marijuana and usable marijuana (other than edibles), for the sole purpose of selling usable marijuana to a dispensary. Additional subcategories of cultivation only and manufacturing licenses only were established in October 2022. The activities of a dispensary are limited to purchasing usable marijuana from a manufacturing facility, and related activities, including storing, delivering, transferring, and transporting usable marijuana, for the sole purpose of dispensing usable marijuana to a registered qualifying patient/designated caregiver.

North Dakota Medical Patient Requirements

For medical card holders, acceptable diagnoses include cancer; positive status for HIV; AIDS; decompensated cirrhosis caused by hepatitis C; ALS; PTSD; agitation of Alzheimer’s disease or related dementia; Crohn’s disease; fibromyalgia; spinal stenosis or chronic back pain, including neuropathy or damage to the nervous tissue of the spinal cord with objective neurological indication of intractable spasticity; glaucoma; epilepsy; anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa; anxiety disorder; Tourette’s syndrome; Ehlers-Danlos syndrome; endometriosis; interstitial cystitis; neuropathy; migraine; rheumatoid arthritis; autism spectrum disorder; a brain injury; a terminal illness; or a chronic or debilitating disease or medical condition or treatment for such disease or medical condition that produces one or more of the following: cachexia or wasting syndrome; severe debilitating pain that has not responded to previously prescribed medication or surgical measures for more than three months or for which other treatment options produced serious side effects; intractable nausea; Seizures; or severe and persistent muscle spasms, including those characteristic of MS.

North Dakota Recent and Proposed Legislation

On November 8, 2022, North Dakota voters rejected an adult-use program via initiated ballot measure.

Ohio

Ohio Licensing Scheme

Ohio’s licensing bodies are the Department of Commerce (grow/processing) and the Board of Pharmacy (dispensary). The market is divided into the following types of licenses: cultivator (Level I and Level II), processor, dispensary, and testing. Each license grants access to one facility and as of September 30, 2023, there were approximately 106 operational dispensaries.

Ohio Medical Patient Requirements

For medical card holders, acceptable diagnoses include AIDS, Alzheimer’s disease, ALS, cachexia, cancer, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Crohn’s disease, epilepsy or another seizure disorder, fibromyalgia, glaucoma, hepatitis C, Huntington’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease, MS, pain that is either chronic and severe or intractable, Parkinson’s disease, positive status for HIV, PTSD, sickle cell anemia, spasticity, spinal cord disease or injury, terminal illness, Tourette’s syndrome, traumatic brain injury, or ulcerative colitis.

Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania Licensing Scheme

Pennsylvania’s licensing body is the Pennsylvania Department of Health. The market is divided into the following types of licenses: grower processor, dispensary, and clinical registrants. A grower processor license allows for three dispensaries permits, dispensary licenses allow three locations, and a clinical registrant allows six dispensary licenses. A pharmacist is required to be available for all dispensaries and as of September 30, 2023, there were approximately 175 operational dispensaries.

Pennsylvania Medical Patient Requirements

For medical card holders, acceptable diagnoses include ALS; anxiety disorders; autism; cancer, including remission therapy; Crohn’s disease; damage to the nervous tissue of the central nervous system (brain-spinal cord) with objective neurological indication of intractable spasticity, and other associated neuropathies; dyskinetic and spastic movement disorders; epilepsy; glaucoma; HIV or AIDS; Huntington’s disease; inflammatory bowel disease; intractable seizures; MS; neurodegenerative diseases; neuropathies; opioid use disorder for which conventional therapeutic interventions are contraindicated or ineffective, or for which adjunctive therapy is indicated in combination with primary therapeutic interventions; Parkinson’s disease; PTSD; severe chronic or intractable pain of neuropathic origin or severe chronic or intractable pain; sickle cell anemia; terminal illness; and Tourette’s syndrome.

Utah

Utah Licensing Scheme

Utah’s medical only market is overseen by two cannabis regulatory bodies: the Utah Department of Health and Human Services oversees retail and home delivery functions, while the Utah Department of Agriculture oversees cultivation and processing. There are currently no new licenses available, although Changes of Ownership (not sale of license) are permitted. There is no requirement for vertical integration, although in the most recent request for proposal for a new pharmacy license, companies with vertical cultivation and processing were given priority. License classes include pharmacy (retail), cultivation, processing and home delivery. A pharmacist must review all orders before release at point of sale.

Utah Medical Patient Requirements

For medical card holders, acceptable diagnoses include HIV or AIDS; Alzheimer’s disease; ALS; cancer; cachexia; persistent nausea that is not significantly responsive to traditional treatment, except for nausea related to: pregnancy, cannabis-induced cyclical vomiting syndrome, cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome; Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis; epilepsy or debilitating seizures; MS or persistent and debilitating muscle spasms; PTSD that is being treated and monitored by a licensed health therapist, and that has been diagnosed by a healthcare provider by the Veterans Administration and documented in the patient’s record or has been diagnosed or confirmed by evaluation from a psychiatrist, masters prepared psychologist, a masters prepared licensed clinical social worker, or a psychiatric advanced practice registered nurse; autism; a terminal illness when the patient’s life expectancy is less than six months; a condition resulting in the individual receiving hospice care;· a rare condition or disease that affects less than 200,000 individuals in the U.S., as defined in federal law, and that is not adequately managed despite treatment attempts using conventional medications (other than opioids or opiates) or physical interventions; or pain lasting longer than two weeks that is not adequately managed, in the qualified medical provider’s opinion, despite treatment attempts using conventional medications other than opioids or opiates or physical interventions.

Vermont

Vermont Licensing Scheme

Vermont’s licensing body is the Cannabis Control Board. The current adult-use program licenses include: cultivation, products manufacturing, wholesale, retail, and testing labs. The adult-use program allows for vertical integration, but licensees are not allowed to hold more than one of any type of license. The first recreational dispensaries in Vermont opened in October 2022.

Under the adult-use legislation, plants may be designated as adult-use or medical at time of harvesting. License applications for current medical vertically integrated dispensaries, small cultivators, and testing labs to participate in the adult-use program began May 1, 2022. The proposed rules have largely been finalized.

Vermont Medical Patient Requirements

For medical card holders, acceptable diagnoses include cancer, MS, HIV or AIDS, glaucoma, Crohn’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, PTSD (requires the Mental Health Care Provider Form), and a medical condition that produces one or more of the following symptoms may also qualify: wasting syndrome, chronic pain, severe nausea, or seizures.

Vermont Operations

As at the date hereof, the Company’s operations in Vermont are designated as held-for-sale.

RISK FACTORS

A discussion of the risk factors to which Curaleaf is subject is presented in the section entitled “Risk Factors” of the Company’s Annual Information Form, which section is incorporated by reference herein. The Annual Information Form is available on SEDAR (www.sedarplus.ca) and EDGAR (www.sec.gov) under the Company’s profile. See the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” on page 2 of this MD&A for a discussion of risks associated with forward-looking statements contained herein.

As noted above, the Company has recently commenced the production and limited distribution of certain hemp-derived edible products containing up to 0.3% delta-9-THC by dry weight. While these products meet the definition of hemp under the 2018 Farm Bill and are thus excluded from CSA Schedule I, future re-enactment of the Farm Bill this year is not certain nor is it certain that any new Farm Bill, or other federal legislation, will not close the “hemp loophole” While the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) appears to accept that products contains less than 0.3% delta-9TCH by dry weight fall outside the CSA based upon written guidance it has issued by the Agency, such guidance is not binding and is subject to change or challenge in the courts.

The ability for the Company to continue or expand its hemp-derived delta-9-THC product business may also be impacted by state legislation that may close the “hemp loophole.” With regard to the manner in which the FDA may treat these hemp-derived delta-9-THC products, the FDA has stated that the 2018 Farm Bill explicitly preserves FDA’s authority to regulate products containing cannabis or cannabis-derived compounds and that it “treats products containing cannabis or cannabis-derived compounds as it does any other FDA-regulated products — meaning they’re subject to the same authorities and requirements as FDA-regulated products containing any other substance. This is true regardless of whether the cannabis or cannabis-derived compounds are classified as hemp under the 2018 Farm Bill.” Consequently, and as evidenced by FDA’s enforcement efforts, the Company’s hemp-derived delta-9-THC edible products may be deemed by the FDA as adulterated and subject to enforcement actions of the sort described above. To the extent certain states have regulatory analogs to the FDCA, they could take a similar position under state law.

Relatedly, the Preventing All Cigarette Trafficking Act (“PACT Act”), generally prohibits the mailing of cigarettes, while the Preventing Online Sales of E-Cigarettes to Children Act (POSECCA) amended the definition of “cigarettes” in the PACT Act to include Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems or “ENDS.” ENDS is defined to include “any electronic device that, through an aerosolized solution, delivers nicotine, flavor, or any other substance to the user inhaling from the device.” which could be read to include electronic devices such as vapes, which are usually battery-operated electronic devices that heat up and vaporize a liquid or solid; these are commonly offered in the marijuana industry as a method of delivering delta-9-THC to consumers in an inhalable form. Notably, the US Postal Service has indicated that it will not permit vapes to be shipped through its system based upon the aforementioned legislation because products “can qualify as an ENDS product without regard to whether it contains or is intended to be used to deliver nicotine; liquids that do not actually contain nicotine can still qualify as ENDS, as can devices, parts, components, and accessories capable of or intended for use with non-nicotine-containing liquids.” Consequently, this could limit the prospect of engaging in interstate on-line marketing and sales of hemp-derived delta-9-THC vape products.

Insofar as these hemp-derived products have intoxicating properties, states could enact laws and regulations limiting the ability to sell these hemp-derived products in unregulated distribution channels such as convenience stores, as is currently the case in a number of states. Related to that, while the Company seeks to limit the sales of these products to consumers 21 years and older by virtue of its distribution agreements, there can be no guarantee that these limitations will be consistently enforced by the retailer inasmuch as sales of these products are not subject to state regulations limiting sales to minors which are present and applicable to the Company’s traditional marijuana business. The sale of these hemp-derived products to minors, and any alleged related harm flowing from such sales, could lead to legal, regulatory and/or reputational harm to the Company.

Furthermore, in the absence of clear federal guidance from the FDA on hemp-derived products such as those being manufactured by the Company, states are issuing regulations in response to growing concerns about consumer safety. The regulations are inconsistent on a state-by-state analysis which makes which makes development, production and sale of a single product in more than a few markets difficult. Packaging, labeling, milligram concentration caps and licensing are just a few of the regulations that change from state to state. In the last twelve months, more than fifteen states have proposed and/or passed significant regulatory changes to hemp-derived products. Some states, like Virginia, effectively eliminated the hemp products industry within the state. As regulations change rapidly in this space, continued compliance is difficult. While the Company’s seeks to control the distribution of its products to ensure they marketed only where permitted and in compliance

with local laws, it has limited control over third parties or consumers to not comply with such restrictions, even when contractually obligated to do so.

Finally, as this market is new and largely unregulated, supply chain reliability, established distribution channels and market research are all issues that could potentially affect the success of the Company’s hemp-derived products. Many of the Company’s competitors in this space are unconcerned about consumer safety, risk and agency enforcement.

The risks and uncertainties outlined in the Annual Information Form and elsewhere in this MD&A are not the only ones facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to the Company or currently deemed immaterial by the Company, may also impair the operations of the Company. If any such risks actually occur, shareholders of the Company could lose all or part of their investment and the business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects of the Company could be materially adversely affected and the ability of the Company to implement its growth plans could be adversely affected.

The acquisition of any of the securities of the Company is speculative, involves a high degree of risk and should be undertaken only by persons whose financial resources are sufficient to enable them to assume such risks and who have no need for immediate liquidity in their investment. An investment in the securities of the Company should not constitute a major portion of an individual’s investment portfolio and should only be made by persons who can afford a total loss of their investment. The Company’s shareholders should evaluate carefully the risk factors associated with the Company’s securities described in the Annual Information Form, along with the risk factors described elsewhere in this MD&A.

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Document

Form 52-109FV2

Certification of Interim Filings

Venture Issuer Basic Certificate

I, Matt Darin, the Chief Executive Officer of the issuer, certify the following:

1.Review: I have reviewed the interim financial report and interim MD&A (together, the “interim filings”) of Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. (the “issuer”) for the interim period ended September 30, 2023.

2.No misrepresentations: Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim filings do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated or that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it was made, with respect to the period covered by the interim filings.

3.Fair presentation: Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim financial report together with the other financial information included in the interim filings fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, financial performance and cash flows of the issuer, as of the date of and for the periods presented in the interim filings.

Date: November 13, 2023

/s/ Matt Darin
Matt Darin<br><br>Chief Executive Officer		NOTE TO READER<br><br>In contrast to the certificate required for non-venture issuers under National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim Filings (NI 52-109), this Venture Issuer Basic Certificate does not include representations relating to the establishment and maintenance of disclosure controls and procedures (DC&P) and internal control over financial reporting (ICFR), as defined in NI 52-109. In particular, the certifying officers filing this certificate are not making any representations relating to the establishment and maintenance of<br><br>i)controls and other procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in its annual filings, interim filings or other reports filed or submitted under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation; and<br><br>ii)a process to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with the issuer’s GAAP.<br><br>The issuer’s certifying officers are responsible for ensuring that processes are in place to provide them with sufficient knowledge to support the representations they are making in this certificate. Investors should be aware that inherent limitations on the ability of certifying officers of a venture issuer to design and implement on a cost effective basis DC&P and ICFR as defined in NI 52-109 may result in additional risks to the quality, reliability, transparency and timeliness of interim and annual filings and other reports provided under securities legislation.
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Document

Form 52-109FV2

Certification of Interim Filings

Venture Issuer Basic Certificate

I, Ed Kremer, Chief Financial Officer of the issuer, certify the following:

1.Review: I have reviewed the interim financial report and interim MD&A (together, the “interim filings”) of Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. (the “issuer”) for the interim period ended September 30, 2023.

2.No misrepresentations: Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim filings do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated or that is necessary to make a statement not misleading in light of the circumstances under which it was made, with respect to the period covered by the interim filings.

3.Fair presentation: Based on my knowledge, having exercised reasonable diligence, the interim financial report together with the other financial information included in the interim filings fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, financial performance and cash flows of the issuer, as of the date of and for the periods presented in the interim filings.

Date: November 13, 2023

/s/ Ed Kremer
Ed Kremer,<br><br>Chief Financial Officer		NOTE TO READER<br><br>In contrast to the certificate required for non-venture issuers under National Instrument 52-109 Certification of Disclosure in Issuers’ Annual and Interim Filings (NI 52-109), this Venture Issuer Basic Certificate does not include representations relating to the establishment and maintenance of disclosure controls and procedures (DC&P) and internal control over financial reporting (ICFR), as defined in NI 52-109. In particular, the certifying officers filing this certificate are not making any representations relating to the establishment and maintenance of<br><br>i)controls and other procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in its annual filings, interim filings or other reports filed or submitted under securities legislation is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in securities legislation; and<br><br>ii)a process to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with the issuer’s GAAP.<br><br>The issuer’s certifying officers are responsible for ensuring that processes are in place to provide them with sufficient knowledge to support the representations they are making in this certificate. Investors should be aware that inherent limitations on the ability of certifying officers of a venture issuer to design and implement on a cost effective basis DC&P and ICFR as defined in NI 52-109 may result in additional risks to the quality, reliability, transparency and timeliness of interim and annual filings and other reports provided under securities legislation.
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Document

Curaleaf Reports Third Quarter 2023 Results

Third quarter 2023 revenue of $333 million excluding $3.5 million from discontinued operations, representing an increase of 2% year-over-year, and adjusted EBITDA(1) of $75 million

Third quarter 2023 operating cash flow from continuing operations of $47 million and free cash flow from continuing operations(1) of $33 million

NEW YORK, November 10, 2023 – Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. (CSE: CURA) (OTCQX: CURLF) (“Curaleaf” or the “Company”), a leading international provider of consumer products in cannabis, today reported its financial and operating results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2023. All financial information is reported in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and is provided in U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated.

Boris Jordan, Executive Chairman of Curaleaf, stated, “In the third quarter we took the final steps in our asset optimization plan, and I’m pleased that our changes are showing results. Revenue was $333 million, with adjusted EBITDA margin(1) of 23%. We reduced our inventory by another $18 million this quarter, ending with $118 million in cash on the balance sheet, and generated $33 million in free cash flow from continuing operations. With significant near-term state and regulatory catalysts on the horizon, coupled with our proposed uplisting to the Toronto Stock Exchange and our early mover advantage in Europe give us great confidence in Curaleaf’s future. I am very encouraged by the team’s commitment and discipline, and remain bullish for a strong end to 2023 and an exciting 2024.”

Matt Darin, Chief Executive Officer of Curaleaf, commented, “The last two quarters have represented an important evolution for us. Along with significant reductions to our expense structure, we scaled back production to accelerate the right-sizing of our inventory while continuing to deliver innovative new products that consumers love. With this progress, along with new wholesale growth opportunities and a return to a decentralized leadership structure, we are turning on idled capacity and are back on offense. The growth catalysts of Germany, New York, Ohio, and potentially Florida and Pennsylvania position Curaleaf incredibly well for years of market share gains.”

Third Quarter 2023 Financial Highlights

•Net Revenue of $333.2 million excluding $3.5 million from discontinued operations, a year-over-year increase of 2% compared to Q3 2022 revenue of $325.8 million. Sequentially, net revenue declined less than 1%

•Gross profit of $150.1 million and gross margin of 45%

•Adjusted gross profit(1) of $152.2 million, resulting in adjusted gross margin of 46%

•Net loss attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc., including discontinued operations, of $92.3 million or net loss per share $0.13

•Adjusted net loss from continuing operations attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.(1) of $70.8 million or adjusted net loss per share(1) of $0.10

•Adjusted EBITDA(1) of $75.3 million or 23% of revenue

•Exited direct operations in Michigan and Kentucky resulting in a $22 million non-cash impairment charge, and $3 million in adjusted EBITDA accretion

•Cash at quarter end totaled $118.1 million

•Free cash flow from continuing operations(1) of $33.4 million

1Adjusted EBITDA, adjusted gross profit, free cash flow from continuing operations and adjusted net loss from continuing operations attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. are non-GAAP financial measures, and adjusted EBITDA margin, adjusted gross margin, and adjusted net loss per share are non-GAAP financial ratios, in each case without a standardized definition under GAAP and which may not be comparable to similar measures used by other issuers. See “Non-GAAP Financial Performance Measures” below for definitions and more information regarding Curaleaf’s use of non-GAAP financial measures and non-GAAP financial ratios. See the section entitled “Reconciliation of Non-GAAP financial measures” below for a reconciliation of the non-GAAP financial measures used in this press release to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Financial Highlights

•Net revenue of $1,001.4 million, a 7% increase year-over-year

•Gross profit of $458.3 million and gross margin of 46%

•Adjusted gross profit(1) of $464.7 million, a 9% decrease year-over-year

•Adjusted gross margin(1) of 46%

•Operating cash flow of $73.0 million

•Net loss attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. of $218.0 million or net loss per share of $0.31

•Adjusted net loss attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.(1) of $142.5 million or net loss per share(1) of $0.20

•Adjusted EBITDA(1) of $221.9 million or 22% of revenue

Third Quarter 2023 Financial Highlights (Unaudited)

($ thousands)

	Three months ended
	September 30, 2023		June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Total revenue	$	333,172	$	335,550	$	325,813
Adjusted EBITDA(1)(2)	75,254		72,391		86,960
Net loss attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.	(92,347)		(74,265)		(51,389)
Loss per share attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. – basic and diluted	$	(0.13)	$	(0.11)	$	(0.08)
(1) Adjusted EBITDA is a Non-GAAP financial measure without a standardized definition under GAAP, and which may not be comparable to similar measures used by other issuers.
(2) See the section, “Non-GAAP Financial and Performance Measures” below for definitions and more information regarding Curaleaf’s use of Non-GAAP financial measures and Non-GAAP ratios. See the section entitled “Reconciliations of Non-GAAP financial measures” for reconciliations of Non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures.

Third Quarter 2023 Operational Highlights

•In Connecticut, we opened our third and fourth store for adult-use sales in Groton and Manchester.

•Successfully launched adult-use sales in Maryland across our four stores and wholesale, realizing triple digit sequential revenue growth throughout the quarter.

•Entered into an agreement to sell our Oregon assets.

•Consolidated grow processor facilities in Nevada from three to one.

•Launched BRIQ, our proprietary two-gram vape hardware, in 11 states which set record breaking product launch sales.

•Launched Select Liquid Diamonds in Florida and Zero Proof, cannabis-infused drinkables in Illinois.

•Completed the acquisition of EU GMP processing assets from Clever Leaves in Portugal to further vertically integrate our European supply chain.

•Began selling edibles to the UK market.

•Began wholesaling into Poland.

•Raised C$16 million through an equity offering of Subordinate Voting Shares which fulfills one of the requirements for listing on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

Post Third Quarter 2023 Operational Highlights

•Formally applied to list Subordinate Voting Shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange.

•Entered into an agreement to sell our Maine, adult-use store.

Financial Results for the Third Quarter Ended September 30, 2023

Revenue

($ thousands)

	Three months ended
	September 30, 2023		June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Retail revenue	$	273,233	$	275,523	$	258,220
Wholesale revenue	58,563		58,517		66,420
Management fee income	1,376		1,510		1,173
Total Revenue	$	333,172	$	335,550	$	325,813

Total revenue was $333.2 million in the third quarter of 2023, a decrease of 1% from $335.6 million in the second quarter of 2023 and an increase of 2% from $325.8 million in the third quarter of 2022. The Company’s year-over-year revenue growth primarily reflects continued growth driven by strength in Maryland, Connecticut, and New Jersey, contributions from the Tryke acquisition, and our international segment.

Retail revenue was $273.2 million, compared with $275.5 million in the second quarter of 2023, and up 6% from $258.2 million in the third quarter of 2022. Retail revenue represented 82% of total revenue. Curaleaf’s year-over-year retail revenue growth was supported by product expansion, new store openings, and the further expansion of adult-use cannabis around the country.

Wholesale revenue was $58.6 million, remained flat from the second quarter of 2023 and represented 18% of total revenue. Wholesale revenue declined 12% year-over-year due to a proactive reduction of inventory.

Net Loss

($ thousands)

	Three months ended
	September 30, 2023		June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Total revenues	$	333,172	$	335,550	$	325,813
Gross profit	150,052		147,762		167,693
Income (loss) from operations	15,213		(4,277)		32,514
Total other expense, net	(51,167)		(19,391)		(23,965)
Income tax expense	(34,880)		(41,997)		(49,972)
Net loss	(93,729)		(77,515)		(54,156)
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest	(1,382)		(3,250)		(2,767)
Net loss attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.	(92,347)		(74,265)		(51,389)

Net loss attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. was $92.3 million, compared with a net loss of $74.3 million in the second quarter of 2023 and $51.4 million in the third quarter of 2022. The year-over-year degradation in net loss was mainly due to gross margin compression and the increase in total other expenses.

Financial Results for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

Revenue

($ thousands)

	Nine months ended
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Retail revenue	$	820,057	$	729,064
Wholesale revenue	177,043		202,512
Management fee income	4,263		3,656
Total Revenue	$	1,001,363	$	935,232

Total revenue for the nine months ended 2023 was a record $1,001 million, an increase of 7% from $935 million for the nine months ended 2022.

Retail revenue was $820 million for the nine months ended 2023, an increase of 12% from $729 million for the nine months ended 2022. The increase in retail revenue was primarily driven by the expansion of product lines into new markets, new store openings, and the addition of Tryke.

Wholesale revenue was $177 million, a decrease of 13% from $203 million for the nine months ended 2022. The decline in wholesale revenue was primarily due to price compression and actions to reduce inventory.

Net Income / (Loss)

($ thousands)

	Nine months ended
	September 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Total revenues	$	1,001,363	$	935,232
Gross profit	458,257		506,784
Income (loss) from operations	28,915		97,084
Total other expense, net	(92,655)		(45,824)
Income tax expense	(114,540)		(140,183)
Net loss	(224,690)		(114,180)
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest	(6,721)		(4,415)
Net loss attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.	(217,969)		(109,765)

Net loss, attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc., for the nine months end 2023 was $218 million, compared with a net loss of $110 million for the nine months ended Q3 2022. The $108 million degradation in net loss year-over-year was primarily due to gross margin compression and the increase in total other expenses.

Balance Sheet and Cash Flow

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $118.1 million of cash and $584.6 million of outstanding debt net of unamortized debt discounts.

As of the end of the third quarter, Curaleaf has invested $49.4 million, net in capital expenditures, focused on cultivation, processing, and selective retail expansion in strategic markets. During the third quarter, net capital expenditures were $13.6 million.

Shares Outstanding

For the third quarter of 2023 and 2022, the Company’s weighted average subordinate voting shares plus multiple voting shares outstanding amounted to 725,319,477 and 709,638,533 shares, respectively.

Conference Call Information

The Company will host a conference call and audio webcast for investors and analysts on Thursday, November 9, 2023 at 5:00 P.M. ET to discuss Q3 2023 earnings results. The call can be accessed by dialing 1-844-512-2926 in the U.S., internationally 1-412-317-6300, or from Canada 1-416-639-5883. The conference ID # is 5965371.

A replay of the conference call can be accessed at 1-877-344-7529, or internationally 1-412-317-0088, or from Canada 1-855-669-9658 using the replay ID # 6181764.

A webcast of the call can be accessed on the investor relations section of the Curaleaf website at ir.curaleaf.com. The teleconference will be available for replay starting at approximately 7:00 P.M. ET on November 9, 2023, and will end at 11:59 P.M. ET on November 16, 2023.

Non-GAAP Financial and Performance Measures

Curaleaf reports its financial results in accordance with GAAP and uses a number of financial measures and ratios when assessing its results and measuring overall performance. Some of these financial measures and ratios are not calculated in accordance with GAAP. Curaleaf refers to certain non-GAAP financial measures and ratios such as “adjusted gross profit”, “adjusted gross margin”, “adjusted net loss from continuing operations attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.”, “adjusted net loss per share”, “adjusted EBITDA”, and “adjusted EBITDA margin”. These measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and may not be comparable to similar measures presented by other issuers. The Company defines “adjusted gross profit” as gross profit net of cost of goods sold and related other add-backs. “Adjusted gross margin” is defined by Curaleaf as adjusted gross profit divided by total revenues. “Adjusted net loss from continuing operations attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.” is defined by Curaleaf as net loss, adjusted to remove the impact of discontinued operations and less other add-backs. “Adjusted net loss per share” is defined by Curaleaf as adjusted net loss from continuing operations attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. divided by the weighted average shares outstanding during the applicable period. “Adjusted EBITDA” is defined by Curaleaf as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization less share-based compensation expense and other add-backs related to business development, acquisition, financing and reorganization costs. “Adjusted EBITDA margin” is defined by Curaleaf as adjusted EBITDA divided by total revenue. “Free Cash Flow From Operations” is defined by Curaleaf as cash from operating activities from continuing operations less the purchases of property and equipment, or capital expenditures. Curaleaf considers these measures to be an important indicator of the financial strength and performance of our business. We believe the adjusted results presented provide relevant and useful information for investors because they clarify our actual operating performance, make it easier to compare our results with those of other companies and allow investors to review performance in the same way as our management. Since these measures are not calculated in accordance with GAAP, they should not be considered in isolation of, or as a substitute for, our reported results as indicators of our performance, and they may not be comparable to similarly named measures from other companies. The tables below provide reconciliations of Non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP financial measures

Adjusted Gross Profit from Continuing Operations (Unaudited)

($ thousands)

	Three months ended
	September 30, 2023			June 30, 2023			September 30, 2022
Gross profit from continuing operations	$	150,052		$	147,762		$	167,693
Other add-backs (1)	2,121			3,664			3,851
Adjusted gross profit from continuing operations (2)	152,173			151,426			171,544
Adjusted gross profit margin from continuing operations (2)	45.7		%	45.1		%	52.7		%
(1) Other add-backs in Q3 2023 primarily include inventory write-downs primarily associated with idling capacity.
(2) Represents a non-GAAP measure or Non-GAAP ratio. See "Non-GAAP Financial and Performance Measures" above for definitions and more information regarding Curaleaf's use of Non-GAAP financial measures and Non-GAAP ratios. The table above provides a reconciliation of Gross Profit, the most comparable GAAP measure, to Adjusted Gross Profit, a non-GAAP measure

Gross profit from continuing operations was $150.1 million in the third quarter of 2023, compared with $147.8 million in the second quarter of 2023. Adjusted gross profit from continuing operations net of add-backs for the third quarter was $152.2 million compared with $151.4 million in the second quarter of 2023. Adjusted gross margin for the third quarter of 2023 was 45.7%, an increase of 60 basis points compared with the second quarter of 2023. The increase in gross margin was largely due to lower discounts in certain markets.

Adjusted Net Loss from Continuing Operations (Unaudited)

($ thousands)

	Three months ended
	September 30, 2023		June 30, 2023		September 30, 2022
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(70,834)	$	(65,665)	$	(41,423)
Other add-backs (1)	8,018		17,990		9,562
Adjusted net loss from continuing operations (2)	(62,816)		(47,675)		(31,861)
Adjusted net loss per share from continuing operations (2)	$	(0.09)	$	(0.07)	$	(0.04)
(1) Other add-backs in Q3 2023 primarily include inventory write-downs primarily associated with idling capacity, costs related to legal fees and professional fees, and license fees.
(2) Represents a non-GAAP measure or Non-GAAP ratio. See "Non-GAAP Financial and Performance Measures" above for definitions and more information regarding Curaleaf's use of Non-GAAP financial measures and Non-GAAP ratios. The table above provides a reconciliation of such non-GAAP measure to net loss attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc., the most comparable GAAP measure.									Nine months ended September 30,
---	---	---	---	---
	2023		2022
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(178,280)	$	(88,923)
Other add-backs (1)	35,812		21,237
Adjusted net loss from continuing operations (2)	(142,468)		(67,686)
Adjusted net loss per share from continuing operations (2)	$	(0.20)	$	(0.10)
(1) Other add-backs in Q3 2023 primarily include inventory write-downs primarily associated with idling capacity, costs related to legal fees and professional fees, and license fees.
(2) Represents a non-GAAP measure or Non-GAAP ratio. See "Non-GAAP Financial and Performance Measures" above for definitions and more information regarding Curaleaf's use of Non-GAAP financial measures and Non-GAAP ratios. The table above provides a reconciliation of such non-GAAP measure to net loss attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc., the most comparable GAAP measure.

Adjusted EBITDA (Unaudited)

($ thousands)

	Three months ended
	September 30, 2023			June 30, 2023			September 30, 2022
Net loss	$	(93,729)		$	(77,514)		$	(54,156)
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	(22,895)			(11,850)			(12,733)
Net loss from continuing operations	(70,834)			(65,664)			(41,423)
Interest expense, net	23,581			24,621			25,035
Income tax expense	34,880			41,997			49,972
Depreciation and amortization (1)	45,801			52,430			39,688
Share-based compensation	6,222			6,247			5,196
Other (income) expense, net	27,586			(5,230)			(1,070)
Other add-backs (2)	8,018			17,990			9,562
Adjusted EBITDA (3)	$	75,254		$	72,391		$	86,960
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (3)	22.6		%	21.6		%	26.7		%
(1) Depreciation and amortization expense include amounts charged to cost of goods sold on the statement of profits and losses.
(2) Other add-backs in Q3 2023 primarily include inventory write-downs primarily associated with idling capacity, costs related to legal fees and professional fees, and license fees. Other add-backs in Q2 2023 primarily include inventory write-downs primarily associated with idling capacity,costs related to legal fees and professional fees.
(3) Represents a non-GAAP measure or Non-GAAP ratio. See "Non-GAAP Financial and Performance Measures" below for definitions and more information regarding Curaleaf's use of Non-GAAP financial measures and Non-GAAP ratios. The table above provides a reconciliation of such non-GAAP measure to net loss, the most comparable GAAP measure.

Adjusted EBITDA was $75.3 million for the third quarter of 2023, an increase of 4% from $72.4 million in the second quarter of 2023 and a decrease of 13% from $87.0 million in the third quarter of 2022. Adjusted EBITDA margin was 22.6%, an increase of 100 basis points from 21.6% in the prior quarter and an decrease of 410 basis points from 26.7% in the third quarter of 2022. The sequential increase in Adjusted EBITDA primarily reflects adjusted gross margin expansion and expense leverage.

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023			2022
Net loss	$	(224,690)		$	(114,180)
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax	(46,410)			(25,257)
Net loss from continuing operations	(178,280)			(88,923)
Interest expense, net	71,935			66,721
Income tax expense	114,540			140,183
Depreciation and amortization (1)	143,015			112,880
Share-based compensation	14,178			21,125
Other (income) expense, net	20,720			(20,897)
Other add-backs (2)	35,812			21,237
Adjusted EBITDA (3)	$	221,920		$	252,326
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (3)	22.2		%	27.0		%
(1) Depreciation and amortization expense include amounts charged to cost of goods sold on the statement of profits and losses.
(2) Other add-backs in Q3 2023 primarily include inventory write-downs primarily associated with idling capacity, costs related to legal fees and professional fees, and license fees.
(3) Represents a non-GAAP measure or Non-GAAP ratio. See "Non-GAAP Financial and Performance Measures" below for definitions and more information regarding Curaleaf's use of Non-GAAP financial measures and Non-GAAP ratios. The table above provides a reconciliation of Net Loss, the most comparable GAAP measure, to Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure.

Free Cash Flow (Unaudited)

($ thousands)

	Three months ended September 30, 2023
Cash flow provided by operating activities from continuing operations	$	46,970
Less: Capital expenditures	13,599
Free cash flow from continuing operations(1)	$	33,371
(1) Represents a non-GAAP measure or Non-GAAP ratio. See "Non-GAAP Financial and Performance Measures" above for definitions and more information regarding Curaleaf's use of Non-GAAP financial measures and Non-GAAP ratios. The table above provides a reconciliation of Cash from provided by operating activities from continuing operations, a GAAP measure, to Free cash flow from continuing operations, a non-GAAP measure.

Condensed Interim Consolidated Balance Sheets

($ thousands)	As of
	September 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
	Unaudited		Audited
Assets
Current assets:
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	118,114	$	163,177
Accounts receivable, net	38,064		45,179
Inventories, net	219,868		234,782
Assets held for sale	65,842		193,561
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	36,209		28,836
Current portion of notes receivable	5,692		—
Total current assets	483,789		665,535
Deferred tax asset	1,685		1,564
Property, plant and equipment, net	572,640		595,846
Right-of-use assets, finance lease, net	146,290		156,586
Right-of-use assets, operating lease, net	117,079		118,155
Intangible assets, net	1,188,931		1,213,303
Goodwill	667,262		625,129
Investments	2,502		2,797
Tax Receivable	35,119		33,296
Other assets	11,176		15,457
Total assets	$	3,226,473	$	3,427,668
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	63,723	$	80,789
Accrued expenses	100,969		103,311
Income tax payable	237,333		163,662
Lease liability, finance lease	9,445		8,340
Lease liability, operating lease	17,045		17,001
Current portion of notes payable	62,245		51,882
Current contingent consideration liability	11,743		18,537
Liabilities held for sale	24,617		35,545
Deferred consideration	24,012		24,446
Financial obligation	4,722		4,740
Other current liabilities	359		1,725
Total current liabilities	556,213		509,978
Deferred tax liability	311,037		308,974
Notes payable	522,377		570,788
Lease liability, finance lease	162,061		167,411
Lease liability, operating lease	109,498		113,307
Uncertain tax provision	107,582		94,516
Contingent consideration liability	4,750		10,572
Deferred consideration	40,220		36,854
Financial obligation	200,441		214,139
Other long-term liability	298		312
Total liabilities	2,014,477		2,026,851
Temporary Equity:
Redeemable non-controlling interest contingency	119,285		121,113
Shareholders’ equity:
Additional paid-in capital	2,194,594		2,163,061
Treasury shares	(5,208)		(5,208)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	(19,151)		(18,593)
Accumulated deficit	(1,077,524)		(859,556)
Total shareholders’ equity	1,092,711		1,279,704
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	3,226,473	$	3,427,668

Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

($ thousands, except for share and per share amounts)

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenues:
Retail and wholesale revenues	$	331,796	$	324,640	$	997,100	$	931,576
Management fee income	1,376		1,173		4,263		3,656
Total revenues	333,172		325,813		1,001,363		935,232
Cost of goods sold	183,120		158,120		543,106		428,448
Gross profit	150,052		167,693		458,257		506,784
Operating expenses:
Selling, general and administrative	97,120		101,732		316,315		306,252
Share-based compensation	6,222		5,196		14,178		21,125
Depreciation and amortization	31,497		28,251		98,849		82,323
Total operating expenses	134,839		135,179		429,342		409,700
Income from operations	15,213		32,514		28,915		97,084
Other income (expense):
Interest income	—		32		23		101
Interest expense	(13,078)		(14,456)		(40,128)		(41,626)
Interest expense related to lease liabilities and financial obligations	(10,503)		(10,611)		(31,830)		(25,196)
Loss on impairment	(24,790)		—		(24,790)		—
Other income (expense), net	(2,796)		1,070		4,070		20,897
Total other expense, net	(51,167)		(23,965)		(92,655)		(45,824)
(Loss) income before provision for income taxes	(35,954)		8,549		(63,740)		51,260
Income tax expense	(34,880)		(49,972)		(114,540)		(140,183)
Net loss from continuing operations	(70,834)		(41,423)		(178,280)		(88,923)
Net loss from discontinued operations	(22,895)		(12,733)		(46,410)		(25,257)
Net loss	(93,729)		(54,156)		(224,690)		(114,180)
Less: Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest	(1,382)		(2,767)		(6,721)		(4,415)
Net loss attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.	$	(92,347)	$	(51,389)	$	(217,969)	$	(109,765)
Per share - basic and diluted:
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(0.10)	$	(0.06)	$	(0.25)	$	(0.13)
Net loss from discontinued operations	(0.03)		(0.02)		(0.06)		(0.04)
Loss per share attributable to Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. – basic and diluted	$	(0.13)	$	(0.08)	$	(0.31)	$	(0.17)
Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic and diluted	725,319,477		709,638,533		721,206,068		709,802,875

Condensed Interim Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

($ thousands, except for share and per share amounts)

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(178,280)		$	(88,923)
Adjustments to reconcile Net loss from continuing operations to Net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	144,497			111,890
Share-based compensation	14,178			21,125
Non-cash interest expense	44,669			6,263
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	11,828			9,027
Loss on impairment	19,127			—
Gain on debt retirement	(3,285)			(1)
Loss on sale or retirement of asset	3,301			—
Gain on investment	(2,353)			(14,998)
Bad debt expense	1,344			—
Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment	—			(1,178)
Deferred tax expense	(15,011)			(18,469)
Other non-cash expenses	4,760			—
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	5,614			(6,202)
Inventories	17,698			(40,598)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(9,742)			(2,041)
Tax receivables	(1,823)			—
Held for sale, net	4,600			532
Other assets	3,567			(34,284)
Accounts payable	(17,475)			50,376
Income tax payable	73,598			65,514
Lease liability, operating lease	(25,184)			(7,971)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(1,354)			(3,986)
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations	94,274			46,076
Net cash used in operating activities from discontinued operations	(21,293)			(11,772)
Net cash provided by operating activities	72,981			34,304
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property, plant and equipment, net	(49,375)			(104,982)
Proceeds from sale of entities	—			10,577
Proceeds from consolidation of acquisitions	1,360			—
Purchase of intangibles	(1,214)			—
Cash acquired from acquisition	—			26,635
Acquisition-related cash payments	(4,996)			(112,368)
Note receivable from third party	(5,692)			2,315
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations	(59,917)		(59,917)	(177,823)
Net cash provided by investing activities from discontinued operations	1,805			5,786
Net cash used in investing activities	(58,112)			(172,037)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from financing agreement	9,187			51,729
Minority interest investment in Curaleaf International	4,177			—
Lease liability payments	(5,759)			(3,405)
Principal payments on notes payable	(47,778)			(2,204)
Principal payments on financing liabilities	(21,424)			—
Remittances of statutory tax withholdings on share-based payment awards	—			(4,459)
Exercise of stock options	—			(875)
Deferred consideration payment	(2,358)			—
Contingent Consideration payment	(6,198)			—

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities from continuing operations	(70,153)		40,786
Net cash used in financing activities from discontinued operations	—		(356)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(70,153)		40,430
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents	(55,284)		(97,303)
Net increase in restricted cash	8,726		—
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period	163,177		299,329
Effect of exchange rate on cash	1,495		(4,344)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period	$	118,114	$	197,682

About Curaleaf Holdings

Curaleaf Holdings, Inc. (CSE: CURA) (OTCQX: CURLF) (“Curaleaf”) is a leading international provider of consumer products in cannabis with a mission to enhance lives by cultivating, sharing and celebrating the power of the plant. As a high-growth cannabis company known for quality, expertise and reliability, the Company and its brands, including Curaleaf, Select, and Grassroots provide industry-leading service, product selection and accessibility across the medical and adult-use markets. In the United States, our brands are sold in 17 states with operations encompassing 146 dispensaries and employing more than 5,200 team members. Curaleaf International is the largest vertically integrated cannabis company in Europe with a unique supply and distribution network throughout the European market, bringing together pioneering science and research with cutting-edge cultivation, extraction and production. Curaleaf is listed on the Canadian Securities Exchange under the symbol CURA and trades on the OTCQX market under the symbol CURLF. For more information, please visit https://ir.curaleaf.com.

Curaleaf IR Twitter Account:    https://twitter.com/Curaleaf_IR

Investor Relations Website:    https://ir.curaleaf.com/

Contact Information:

Investor Contact:

Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.

Camilo Lyon, Chief Investment Officer

ir@curaleaf.com

Media Contact:

Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.

Tracy Brady, SVP Corporate Communications

media@curaleaf.com

Disclaimer

This press release contains “forward-looking information” and “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Canadian securities laws and United States securities laws (collectively, “forward-looking statements”). Forward-looking statements are neither historical facts nor assurances of future performance. Instead, they are based on management’s current beliefs, expectations or assumptions regarding the future of the business, plans and strategies, operational results and other future conditions of the Company. In addition, the Company may make or approve certain statements in future filings with Canadian securities regulatory authorities, in press releases, or in oral or written presentations by representatives of the Company that are not statements of historical fact and may also constitute forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, made by the Company that address activities, events or developments that the Company expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future are forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, statements preceded by, followed by or that include words such as “assumptions”, “assumes”, “guidance”, “outlook”, “may”, “will”, “would”, “could”, “should”, “believes”, “estimates”, “projects”, “potential”, “expects”, “plans”, “intends”, “anticipates”, “targeted”, “continues”, “forecasts”, “designed”, “goal”, or the negative of those words or other similar or comparable words. In particular, but without limiting the foregoing, disclosure in this press release as well as statements regarding the Company’s objectives, plans and goals, including expectations regarding benefits of recent or future acquisitions, rebranding and product offering expansion, as well as future operating results and economic performance are forward-looking statements. These statements speak only as at the date they are made and are based on information currently available and on the then current expectations.

Holders of securities of the Company are cautioned that forward-looking statements are not based on historical facts but instead are based on reasonable assumptions and estimates of management of the Company at the time they were provided or made and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company, as applicable, to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, risks and uncertainties related to: the impact of any restatement of financial statements of the Company or other actions that may be taken or required as a result of such restatement, including the reaction to any such restatement by Curaleaf's shareholders: ’the risks of litigation and of governmental investigations or proceedings arising out of or related to any accounting irregularities or any restatement of the financial statements of the Company, including the direct and indirect costs of such investigations and restatement; ’risks and uncertainties related to the legality of cannabis in the U.S., including the fact that cannabis is a controlled substance under the United States Federal Controlled Substances Act; anti-money laundering laws and regulations; the lack of access to U.S. bankruptcy protections; financing risks, including risks related to additional financing and restricted access to banking; general regulatory and legal risks, including risk of legal, regulatory or political change; general regulatory and licensing risks; limitation on ownership of licenses; risks relating to regulatory action and approvals from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration; loss of foreign private issuer status in the U.S.; risks related to internal controls over financial reporting; litigation risks; increased costs as a result of being a public company in Canada and the U.S.; environmental risks, including risks related to environmental regulation and unknown environmental risks; general business risks including risks related to the Company’s expansion into foreign jurisdictions; future acquisitions or dispositions; service providers; enforceability of contracts; the ability of our shareholders to resale their subordinate voting shares on the Canadian Securities Exchange; the Company’s reliance on senior management and key personnel, and the Company’s ability to recruit and retain such senior management and key personnel; competition risks; risks inherent in an agricultural business; unfavorable publicity or consumer perception; product liability; product recalls; results of future clinical research; dependence on suppliers; reliance on inputs; risks related to limited market data and difficulty to forecast; intellectual property risks; constraints on marketing products; fraudulent or illegal activity by employees, consultants and contractors; information technology systems and cyber-attacks; security breaches; the Company’s reliance on management services agreements with subsidiaries and affiliates; website accessibility; high bonding and insurance coverage; risks of leverage; management of the Company’s growth; the fact that past performance may not be indicative of future results and that financial projections may prove materially inaccurate or incorrect; risks related to conflicts of interests; challenging global economic conditions; business structure risks; including the status of the Company as a holding company; no dividend record; risks related to the senior secured notes of the Company; concentrated voting control; risks related to the sale of a substantial amount of the Company’s subordinate voting shares; the volatility of the market price for

the subordinate voting shares; liquidity risks associated with an investment in the subordinate voting shares; enforcement against directors and officers outside of Canada may prove difficult; and tax risks; as well as those risk factors discussed under “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Information Form dated May 1, 2023 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022, and additional risks described in the Company’s Annual Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the year ended December 31, 2022 (both of which documents have been filed on the Company’s SEDAR+ profile at www.sedarplus.ca and on its EDGAR profile at www.sec.gov/edgar/html), and as described from time to time in documents filed by the Company with Canadian securities regulatory authorities. The purpose of forward-looking statements is to provide the reader with a description of management’s expectations, and such forward-looking statements may not be appropriate for any other purpose. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to have been correct. A number of factors could cause actual events, performance or results to differ materially from what is projected in the forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements contained in this press release. Such forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this press release. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. The Company’s forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.

Neither the Canadian Securities Exchange nor its Regulation Service Provider has reviewed and does not accept responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of the content of this press release.

15

Document

FORM 5

QUARTERLY LISTING STATEMENT

Name of Listed Issuer: Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.                                           (the “Issuer”).

Trading Symbol: CURA

This Quarterly Listing Statement must be posted on or before the day on which the Issuer’s unaudited interim financial statements are to be filed under the Securities Act, or, if no interim statements are required to be filed for the quarter, within 60 days of the end of the Issuer’s first, second and third fiscal quarters. This statement is not intended to replace the Issuer’s obligation to separately report material information forthwith upon the information becoming known to management or to post the forms required by the Exchange Policies. If material information became known and was reported during the preceding quarter to which this statement relates, management is encouraged to also make reference in this statement to the material information, the news release date and the posting date on the Exchange website.

General Instructions

(a)Prepare this Quarterly Listing Statement using the format set out below. The sequence of questions must not be altered nor should questions be omitted or left unanswered. The answers to the following items must be in narrative form. When the answer to any item is negative or not applicable to the Issuer, state it in a sentence. The title to each item must precede the answer.

(b)The term “Issuer” includes the Listed Issuer and any of its subsidiaries.

(c)Terms used and not defined in this form are defined or interpreted in Policy 1 – Interpretation and General Provisions.

There are three schedules which must be attached to this report as follows:

SCHEDULE A: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Financial statements are required as follows:

For the first, second and third financial quarters interim financial statements prepared in accordance with the requirements under Ontario securities law must be attached.

If the Issuer is exempt from filing certain interim financial statements, give the date of the exempting order.

Refer to the attached Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for the period ended September 30, 2023.

FORM 5 – QUARTERLY LISTING STATEMENT

January 2015

Page 1

SCHEDULE B: SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The supplementary information set out below must be provided when not included in Schedule A.

1.Related party transactions

Provide disclosure of all transactions with a Related Person, including those previously disclosed on Form 10. Include in the disclosure the following information about the transactions with Related Persons:

(a)A description of the relationship between the transacting parties. Be as precise as possible in this description of the relationship. Terms such as affiliate, associate or related company without further clarifying details are not sufficient.

(b)A description of the transaction(s), including those for which no amount has been recorded.

(c)The recorded amount of the transactions classified by financial statement category.

(d)The amounts due to or from Related Persons and the terms and conditions relating thereto.

(e)Contractual obligations with Related Persons, separate from other contractual obligations.

(f)Contingencies involving Related Persons, separate from other contingencies.

Refer to the attached Condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for the period ended September 30, 2023 – Note 19 — Related party transactions.

2.Summary of securities issued and options granted during the period.

Provide the following information for the period beginning on the date of the last Listing Statement (Form 2A):

(a)summary of securities issued during the period,

Date of Issue	Type of Security (common shares, convertible debentures, etc.)	Type of Issue (private placement, public offering, exercise of warrants, etc.)	Number	Price	Total Proceeds	Type of Consideration (cash, property, etc.)	Describe relationship of Person with Issuer (indicate if Related Person)	Commission Paid

FORM 5 – QUARTERLY LISTING STATEMENT

January 2015

Page 2

(b)summary of options granted during the period,

Date	Number	Name of Optionee<br><br>if Related Person<br><br>and relationship	Generic description of other Optionees	Exercise Price	Expiry Date	Market Price on date of Grant

Refer to the attached condensed Interim Consolidated Financial Statements for the period ended September 30, 2023 – Note 13 (options granted and exercised) .

3.Summary of securities as at the end of the reporting period.

Provide the following information in tabular format as at the end of the reporting period:

(a)description of authorized share capital including number of shares for each class, dividend rates on preferred shares and whether or not cumulative, redemption and conversion provisions,

Authorized Share Capital	Number of Authorized Shares
Multiple Voting Shares	No Maximum
Subordinate Voting Shares	No Maximum

(b)number and recorded value for shares issued and outstanding,

Class of Share	Number of Issued and Outstanding Shares
Multiple Voting Shares	93,970,705
Subordinate Voting Shares	632,361,559

(c)description of options, warrants and convertible securities outstanding, including number or amount, exercise or conversion price and expiry date, and any recorded value, and

Securities	Number of Outstanding Shares
Options	29,357,580
RSU	6,315,368

(d)number of shares in each class of shares subject to escrow or pooling agreements or any other restriction on transfer.

Class of Share	Number of Issued and Outstanding Shares
Multiple Voting Shares	6,484,144
Subordinate Voting Shares	75,813,134

FORM 5 – QUARTERLY LISTING STATEMENT

January 2015

Page 3

4.List the names of the directors and officers, with an indication of the position(s) held, as at the date this report is signed and filed.

•Boris Jordan, Executive Chairman

•Joseph Lusardi, Executive Vice Chairman

•Jaswinder Grover, Director

•Karl Johansson, Director

•Peter Derby, Director

•Mitch Kahn, Director

•Michelle Bodner, Director

•Shasheen Shah, Director

•Matt Darin, Chief Executive Officer

•Ed Kremer, Chief Financial Officer

•Peter Clateman, Chief Legal Officer

•James Shorris, Chief Compliance Officer

SCHEDULE C: MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Provide Interim MD&A if required by applicable securities legislation.

Refer to the attached MD&A for the period ended September 30, 2023.

Certificate Of Compliance

The undersigned hereby certifies that:

1.The undersigned is a director and/or senior officer of the Issuer and has been duly authorized by a resolution of the board of directors of the Issuer to sign this Quarterly Listing Statement.

2.As of the date hereof there is no material information concerning the Issuer which has not been publicly disclosed.

3.The undersigned hereby certifies to the Exchange that the Issuer is in compliance with the requirements of applicable securities legislation (as such term is defined in National Instrument 14-101) and all Exchange Requirements (as defined in CNSX Policy 1).

4.All of the information in this Form 5 Quarterly Listing Statement is true.

Dated November 13, 2023.
	Ed Kremer
	Name of Director or Senior Officer
	(Signed) Ed Kremer
	Signature
	Chief Financial Officer
	Official Capacity

FORM 5 – QUARTERLY LISTING STATEMENT

January 2015

Page 4

Issuer Details<br><br>Name of Issuer	For Quarter Ended		Date of Report<br><br>YY/MM/D
Curaleaf Holdings, Inc.	September 30, 2023		23/11/13
Issuer Address<br><br>666 Burrard Street Suite 1700
City/Province/Postal Code	Issuer Fax No.<br><br>( )		Issuer Telephone No.<br><br>(781) 451-0150
Vancouver / BC / V6C 2X8
Contact Name	Contact Position<br><br>Vice President, Corporate Communications		Contact Telephone No.
Tracy Brady		(781) 451-0150
Contact Email Address<br><br>Tracy.brady@curaleaf.com	Web Site Address<br><br>www.curaleaf.com

FORM 5 – QUARTERLY LISTING STATEMENT

January 2015

Page 5