Equibles

10-Q

CVB FINANCIAL CORP (CVBF)

10-Q 2021-05-10 For: 2021-03-31
View Original
Added on April 04, 2026
Table of Contents

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission File Number: 000-10140

CVB FINANCIAL CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

California 95-3629339
(State or other jurisdiction of<br><br>Incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
701 North Haven Ave., Suite 350
Ontario, California 91764
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(909) 980-4030

(Registrant’s telephone number,

including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, No Par Value CVBF The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1)

has filed all reports required to be filed by section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, accelerated filer, non-accelerated filer or smaller reporting company, or emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No ☒

Number of shares of common stock of the registrant: 135,918,972 outstanding as

of April 30, 2021.

Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED) 3
ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 5
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 10
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 36
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES 37
OVERVIEW 38
ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 40
ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION 47
ASSET/LIABILITY AND MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT 60
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 63
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 63
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION 64
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 64
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS 65
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS 66
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES 66
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES 66
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION 66
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS 67
SIGNATURES 68

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)

GENERAL

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain matters set forth herein (including the exhibits hereto) constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including forward-looking statements relating to the Company’s current business plans and expectations and our future financial position and operating results. Words such as “will likely result”, “aims”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “could”, “estimates”, “expects”, “hopes”, “intends”, “may”, “plans”, “projects”, “seeks”, “should”, “will”, “strategy”, “possibility”, and variations of these words and similar expressions help to identify these forward-looking statements, which involve risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, performance and/or achievements to differ materially from those projected. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to the following:

• local, regional, national and international economic and market conditions and political events and public health developments and the impact they may have on us, our customers and our assets and liabilities;
• our ability to attract deposits and other sources of funding or liquidity;
--- ---
• supply and demand for commercial or residential real estate and periodic deterioration in real estate prices and/or values in California or other states where we lend;
--- ---
• a sharp or prolonged slowdown or decline in real estate construction, sales or leasing activities;
--- ---
• changes in the financial performance and/or condition of our borrowers, depositors, key vendors or counterparties;
--- ---
• changes in our levels of delinquent loans, nonperforming assets, allowance for credit losses and charge-offs;
--- ---
• the costs or effects of mergers, acquisitions or dispositions we may make, whether we are able to obtain any required governmental approvals in connection with any such mergers, acquisitions or dispositions, and/or our ability to realize the contemplated financial or business benefits or cost savings associated with any such mergers, acquisitions or dispositions;
--- ---
• the effects of new laws, regulations and/or government programs, including those laws, regulations and programs enacted by federal, state or local governments in the geographic jurisdictions in which we do business in response to the recent national emergency declared in connection with the <br>COVID-19<br> pandemic;
--- ---
• the impact of the federal CARES Act and the significant additional lending activities undertaken by the Company in connection with the Small Business Administration’s Paycheck Protection Program enacted thereunder, including risks to the Company with respect to the uncertain application by the Small Business Administration of new borrower and loan eligibility, forgiveness and audit criteria;
--- ---
• the effects of the Company’s participation in one or more of the new lending programs recently established by the Federal Reserve, including the Main Street New Loan Facility, the Main Street Priority Loan Facility and the Nonprofit Organization New Loan Facility, and the impact of any related actions or decisions by the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and its special purpose vehicle established pursuant to such lending programs;
--- ---
• the effect of changes in other pertinent laws, regulations and applicable judicial decisions (including laws, regulations and judicial decisions concerning financial reforms, taxes, bank capital levels, allowance for credit losses, consumer, commercial or secured lending, securities and securities trading and hedging, bank operations, compliance, fair lending, the Community Reinvestment Act, employment, executive compensation, insurance, cybersecurity, vendor management and information security technology) with which we and our subsidiaries must comply or believe we should comply or which may otherwise impact us;
--- ---
• changes in estimates of future reserve requirements and minimum capital requirements based upon the periodic review thereof under relevant regulatory and accounting standards, including changes in the Basel Committee framework establishing capital standards for bank credit, operations and market risks;
--- ---
• the accuracy of the assumptions and estimates and the absence of technical error in implementation or calibration of models used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments or currently expected credit losses or delinquencies;
--- ---
• the sensitivity of our assets and liabilities to changes in market interest rates, or our current allowance for credit losses;
--- ---
• inflation, changes in market interest rates, securities market and monetary fluctuations;
--- ---
• changes in government-established interest rates, reference rates or monetary policies, including the possible imposition of negative interest rates on bank reserves;
--- ---
• the impact of the anticipated <br>phase-out<br> of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) on interest rate indexes specified in certain of our customer loan agreements and our interest rate swap arrangements, including any economic and compliance effects related to the expected change from LIBOR to an alternative reference rate;
--- ---
• changes in the amount, cost and availability of deposit insurance;
--- ---

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• disruptions in the infrastructure that supports our business and the communities where we are located, which are concentrated in California, involving or related to public health, physical site access and/or communication facilities;
• cyber incidents, attacks, infiltrations, exfiltrations, or theft or loss of Company or customer or employee data or money;
--- ---
• political developments, uncertainties or instability, catastrophic events, acts of war or terrorism, or natural disasters, such as earthquakes, drought, the effects of pandemic diseases, climate changes or extreme weather events, that may affect electrical, environmental, computer servers, and communications or other services, computer services or facilities we use, or that may affect our customers, employees or third parties with whom we conduct business;
--- ---
• our timely development and implementation of new banking products and services and the perceived overall value of these products and services by our customers and potential customers;
--- ---
• the Company’s relationships with and reliance upon outside vendors with respect to certain of the Company’s key internal and external systems, applications and controls;
--- ---
• changes in commercial or consumer spending, borrowing and savings patterns, preferences or behaviors;
--- ---
• technological changes and the expanding use of technology in banking and financial services (including the adoption of mobile banking, funds transfer applications, electronic marketplaces for loans, blockchain technology and other financial products, systems or services);
--- ---
• our ability to retain and increase market share, retain and grow customers and control expenses;
--- ---
• changes in the competitive environment among banks and other financial services and technology providers;
--- ---
• competition and innovation with respect to financial products and services by banks, financial institutions and <br>non-traditional<br> providers including retail businesses and technology companies;
--- ---
• volatility in the credit and equity markets and its effect on the general economy or local or regional business conditions or on the Company’s capital, deposits, assets, or customers;
--- ---
• fluctuations in the price of the Company’s common stock or other securities, and the resulting impact on the Company’s ability to raise capital or make acquisitions;
--- ---
• the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted from <br>time-to-time<br> by the principal regulatory agencies with jurisdiction over the Company, as well as by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the Financial Accounting Standards Board and other accounting standard-setters;
--- ---
• changes in our organization, management, compensation and benefit plans, and our ability to recruit and retain or expand our workforce, management team, key executive positions and/or our board of directors;
--- ---
• our ability to identify suitable and qualified replacements for any of our executive officers who may leave their employment with us, including our Chief Executive Officer;
--- ---
• the costs and effects of legal, compliance and regulatory actions, changes and developments, including the initiation and resolution of legal proceedings (including any securities, lender liability, bank operations, financial product or service, data privacy, consumer or employee class action litigation);
--- ---
• regulatory or other governmental inquiries or investigations, and/or the results of regulatory examinations or reviews;
--- ---
• our ongoing relations with our various federal and state regulators, including the SEC, Federal Reserve Board, FDIC and California DFPI;
--- ---
• our success at managing the risks involved in the foregoing items and all other factors set forth in the Company’s public reports, including its Annual Report on Form <br>10-K<br> for the year ended December 31, 2020, and particularly the discussion of risk factors within that document.
--- ---

Among other risks, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may significantly affect the banking industry, the health and safety of the Company’s employees, and the Company’s business prospects. The ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and financial results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic, the impact on the economy, our customers, our employees and our business partners, the safety, effectiveness, distribution and acceptance of vaccines developed to mitigate the pandemic, and actions taken by governmental authorities in response to the pandemic.

The Company does not undertake, and specifically disclaims any obligation, to update any forward-looking statements to reflect occurrences or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements, except as required by law. Any statements about future operating results, such as those concerning accretion and dilution to the Company’s earnings or shareholders, are for illustrative purposes only, are not forecasts, and actual results may differ.

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ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

CVB FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

December 31,  <br> 2020
Assets
Cash and due from banks 139,713 $ 122,305
Interest-earning balances due from Federal Reserve 1,385,586 1,835,855
Total cash and cash equivalents 1,525,299 1,958,160
Interest-earning balances due from depository institutions 27,748 43,563
Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value (with amortized cost of 2,797,990 at March 31, 2021, and 2,344,174 at December 31, 2020) 2,812,348 2,398,923
Investment securities held-to-maturity (with fair value of 1,085,481 at March 31, 2021, and 604,223 at December 31, 2020) 1,086,984 578,626
Total investment securities 3,899,332 2,977,549
Investment in stock of Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) 17,688 17,688
Loans and lease finance receivables 8,293,057 8,348,808
Allowance for credit losses (71,805 ) (93,692 )
Net loans and lease finance receivables 8,221,252 8,255,116
Premises and equipment, net 49,735 51,144
Bank owned life insurance (BOLI) 223,905 226,818
Accrued interest receivable 34,825 31,306
Intangibles 31,467 33,634
Goodwill 663,707 663,707
Other real estate owned (OREO) 1,575 3,392
Income taxes 15,372 29,540
Other assets 128,533 127,697
Total assets 14,840,438 $ 14,419,314
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing 7,577,839 $ 7,455,387
Interest-bearing 4,500,816 4,281,114
Total deposits 12,078,655 11,736,501
Customer repurchase agreements 506,346 439,406
Other borrowings 5,000 5,000
Deferred compensation 22,023 21,611
Junior subordinated debentures 25,774 25,774
Payable for securities purchased 80,973 60,113
Other liabilities 101,001 122,919
Total liabilities 12,819,772 12,411,324
Commitments and Contingencies
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock, authorized, 225,000,000 shares without par; issued and outstanding 135,919,625 at March 31, 2021, and 135,600,501 at December 31, 2020 1,213,451 1,211,780
Retained earnings 800,259 760,861
Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax 6,956 35,349
Total stockholders’ equity 2,020,666 2,007,990
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity 14,840,438 $ 14,419,314

All values are in US Dollars.

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CVB FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended    <br> March 31,
2021 2020
Interest income:
Loans and leases, including fees $ 91,795 $ 92,117
Investment securities:
Investment securities <br>available-for-sale 9,159 10,049
Investment securities <br>held-to-maturity 3,940 3,998
Total investment income 13,099 14,047
Dividends from FHLB stock 217 332
Interest-earning deposits with other institutions 413 613
Total interest income 105,524 107,109
Interest expense:
Deposits 1,812 4,124
Borrowings and customer repurchase agreements 141 479
Junior subordinated debentures 103 200
Total interest expense 2,056 4,803
Net interest income before (recapture of) provision for credit losses 103,468 102,306
(Recapture of) provision for credit losses (19,500 ) 12,000
Net interest income after (recapture of) provision for credit losses 122,968 90,306
Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts 3,985 4,776
Trust and investment services 2,611 2,420
Bankcard services 350 577
BOLI income 4,624 2,059
Gain on OREO, net 429 10
Other 1,682 1,798
Total noninterest income 13,681 11,640
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits 29,706 30,877
Occupancy and equipment 4,863 4,837
Professional services 2,168 2,256
Computer software expense 2,844 2,816
Marketing and promotion 725 1,555
Amortization of intangible assets 2,167 2,445
Other 4,690 3,855
Total noninterest expense 47,163 48,641
Earnings before income taxes 89,486 53,305
Income taxes 25,593 15,325
Net earnings $ 63,893 $ 37,980
Other comprehensive (loss) income:
Unrealized (loss) gain on securities arising during the period, before tax $ (40,310 ) $ 36,618
Less: Income tax benefit (expense) related to items of other comprehensive income 11,917 (10,826 )
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax (28,393 ) 25,792
Comprehensive income $ 35,500 $ 63,772
Basic earnings per common share $ 0.47 $ 0.27
Diluted earnings per common share $ 0.47 $ 0.27

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CVB FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020

(Dollars and shares in thousands)

(Unaudited)

Common<br> Stock Retained<br> Earnings Accumulated<br> Other<br> Comprehensive<br> Income (Loss) Total
Balance, January 1, 2021 135,601 $ 1,211,780 $ 760,861 $ 35,349 $ 2,007,990
Repurchase of common stock (22 ) (502 ) - - (502 )
Exercise of stock options 40 891 - - 891
Shares issued pursuant to stock-based compensation plan 301 1,282 - - 1,282
Cash dividends declared on common stock (0.18 per share) - - (24,495 ) - (24,495 )
Net earnings - - 63,893 - 63,893
Other comprehensive loss - - - (28,393 ) (28,393 )
Balance, March 31, 2021 135,920 $ 1,213,451 $ 800,259 $ 6,956 $ 2,020,666
Balance, January 1, 2020 140,102 $ 1,298,792 $ 682,692 $ 12,614 $ 1,994,098
Cumulative adjustment upon adoption of ASU 2016-13 - - (1,325 ) - (1,325 )
Repurchase of common stock (4,988 ) (92,402 ) - - (92,402 )
Exercise of stock options 4 42 - - 42
Shares issued pursuant to stock-based compensation plan 393 1,617 - - 1,617
Cash dividends declared on common stock (0.18 per share) - - (24,416 ) - (24,416 )
Net earnings - - 37,980 - 37,980
Other comprehensive income - - - 25,792 25,792
Balance, March 31, 2020 135,511 $ 1,208,049 $ 694,931 $ 38,406 $ 1,941,386

All values are in US Dollars.

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CVB FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended    <br> March 31,
2021 2020
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Interest and dividends received $ 95,475 $ 105,673
Service charges and other fees received 8,636 9,644
Interest paid (1,859 ) (4,589 )
Net cash paid to vendors, employees and others (56,221 ) (35,201 )
Income taxes 907 -
Net cash provided by operating activities 46,938 75,527
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net change in interest-earning balances from depository institutions 15,815 (20,868 )
Proceeds from repayment of investment securities <br>available-for-sale 224,104 92,519
Proceeds from maturity of investment securities <br>available-for-sale - 2,390
Purchases of investment securities <br>available-for-sale (661,857 ) -
Proceeds from repayment and maturity of investment securities <br>held-to-maturity 35,766 33,297
Purchases of investment securities <br>held-to-maturity (545,681 ) (1,509 )
Net increase in equity investments (4,961 ) (2,985 )
Net decrease in loan and lease finance receivables 64,167 103,890
Proceeds from sale of building, net of selling costs 1,157 -
Purchase of premises and equipment (662 ) (882 )
Proceeds from BOLI death benefit 5,062 138
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned 2,216 -
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (864,874 ) 205,990
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net increase in other deposits 336,518 403,546
Net increase in time deposits 5,636 5,130
Net increase (decrease) in customer repurchase agreements 66,940 (59,744 )
Cash dividends on common stock (24,408 ) (25,252 )
Repurchase of common stock (502 ) (85,018 )
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 891 42
Net cash provided by financing activities 385,075 238,704
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents (432,861 ) 520,221
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 1,958,160 185,518
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 1,525,299 $ 705,739

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CVB FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended    <br> March 31,
2021 2020
Reconciliation of Net Earnings to Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
Net earnings $ 63,893 $ 37,980
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Gain on sale of building, net (189 ) -
Gain on sale of other real estate owned (399 ) -
Increase in BOLI (4,624 ) (1,344 )
Net amortization of premiums and discounts on investment securities 6,411 2,620
Accretion of discount for acquired loans, net (4,028 ) (4,776 )
(Recapture of) provision for credit losses (19,500 ) 12,000
Stock-based compensation 1,282 1,617
Depreciation and amortization, net (3,526 ) 5,176
Change in other assets and liabilities 7,618 22,254
Total adjustments (16,955 ) 37,547
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 46,938 $ 75,527
Supplemental Disclosure of <br>Non-cash<br> Investing Activities
Securities purchased and not settled $ 80,973 $ -

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CVB FINANCIAL CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. BUSINESS

The condensed consolidated financial statements include CVB Financial Corp. (referred to herein on an unconsolidated basis as “CVB” and on a consolidated basis

as “we”, “our” or the “Company”)

and its wholly owned subsidiary: Citizens Business Bank (the “Bank” or “CBB”), after elimination of all intercompany transactions and balances. The Company has one inactive subsidiary, Chino Valley Bancorp. The Company is also the common stockholder of CVB Statutory Trust III. CVB Statutory Trust III was created in January 2006 to issue trust preferred securities in order to raise capital for the Company. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation, this trust does not meet the criteria for consolidation.

The Company’s primary operations are related to traditional banking activities. This includes the acceptance of deposits and the lending and investing of money through the operations of the Bank. The Bank also provides trust and investment-related services to customers through its CitizensTrust Division. The Bank’s customers consist primarily of small to mid-sized businesses and individuals located in the Inland Empire, Los Angeles County, Orange County, San Diego County, Ventura County, Santa Barbara County, and the Central Valley area of California. The Bank operates 57 banking centers, one loan production office in Modesto, California and three trust office locations. The Company is head quartered in the city of Ontario, California.

2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for Form 10-Q and conform to practices within the banking industry and include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments), which are necessary for a fair presentation of financial results for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, accounting policies and financial notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the SEC. A summary of the significant accounting policies consistently applied in the preparation of the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements follows.

Reclassification — Certain amounts in the prior periods’ unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related footnote disclosures have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation with no impact on previously reported net income or stockholders’ equity.

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Except as discussed below, our accounting policies are described in Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies , of our audited consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 as filed with the SEC (“Form 10-K”).

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. A material estimate that is particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relates to the determination of the allowance for credit losses. Other significant estimates, which may be subject to change, include fair value determinations and disclosures, impairment of investments, goodwill, loans, as well as valuation of deferred tax assets.

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4. INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities are summarized below. The majority of securities held are available-for-sale securities with fair value based on quoted prices for similar assets in active markets or quoted prices for identical assets in markets that are not active. Estimated fair values were obtained from an independent pricing service based upon market quotes.

March 31, 2021
Amortized<br><br> <br>Cost Gross<br><br> <br>Unrealized<br><br> <br>Holding<br><br> <br>Gain Gross<br> <br>Unrealized<br><br> <br>Holding<br><br> <br>Loss Fair Value Total Percent
(Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities <br>available-for-sale:
Mortgage-backed securities $ 2,175,414 $ 38,333 $ (22,409) $ 2,191,338 77.92%
CMO/REMIC 592,915 4,072 (6,821) 590,166 20.99%
Municipal bonds 28,703 1,183 - 29,886 1.06%
Other securities 958 - - 958 0.03%
Total <br>available-for-sale<br> securities $ 2,797,990 $ 43,588 $ (29,230) $ 2,812,348 100.00%
Investment securities <br>held-to-maturity:
Government agency/GSE $ 601,142 $ 3,860 $ (16,289 ) $ 588,713 55.30%
Mortgage-backed securities 135,137 5,348 (255 ) 140,230 12.43%
CMO/REMIC 133,556 2,832 - 136,388 12.29%
Municipal bonds 217,149 5,095 (2,094) 220,150 19.98%
Total <br>held-to-maturity<br> securities $ 1,086,984 $ 17,135 $ (18,638) $ 1,085,481 100.00%
December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Amortized<br><br> <br>Cost Gross<br><br> <br>Unrealized<br><br> <br>Holding<br><br> <br>Gain Gross<br> <br>Unrealized<br><br> <br>Holding<br><br> <br>Loss Fair Value Total Percent
(Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities <br>available-for-sale:
Mortgage-backed securities $ 1,857,030 $ 48,006 $ (101) $ 1,904,935 79.41%
CMO/REMIC 457,548 5,515 (249) 462,814 19.29%
Municipal bonds 28,707 1,578 - 30,285 1.26%
Other securities 889 - - 889 0.04%
Total <br>available-for-sale<br> securities $ 2,344,174 $ 55,099 $ (350) $ 2,398,923 100.00%
Investment securities <br>held-to-maturity:
Government agency/GSE $ 98,663 $ 5,877 $ - $ 104,540 17.05%
Mortgage-backed securities 146,382 7,644 (32) 153,994 25.30%
CMO/REMIC 145,309 5,202 - 150,511 25.11%
Municipal bonds 188,272 6,980 (74) 195,178 32.54%
Total <br>held-to-maturity<br> securities $ 578,626 $ 25,703 $ (106) $ 604,223 100.00%

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The following table provides information about the amount of interest income earned on investment securities which is fully taxable and which is exempt from regular federal income tax.

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2021 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities <br>available-for-sale:
Taxable $ 8,968 $ 9,825
Tax-advantaged 191 224
Total interest income from <br>available-for-sale<br> securities 9,159 10,049
Investment securities <br>held-to-maturity:
Taxable 2,811 2,698
Tax-advantaged 1,129 1,300
Total interest income from <br>held-to-maturity<br> securities 3,940 3,998
Total interest income from investment securities $ 13,099 $ 14,047

The adoption of CECL did not have a material impact on the accounting for investment securities, as approximately 94% of the total investment securities portfolio at March 31, 2021 represents securities issued by the U.S. government or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, with the implied guarantee of payment of principal and interest. The remaining securities are predominately AA- or better general-obligation municipal bonds. The allowance for credit losses for held-to-maturity investment securities under the new CECL model was zero at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

We adopted ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020, on a prospective basis. Under this ASU, once it is determined that a credit loss has occurred, an allowance for credit losses is established on our AFS and HTM securities. Management determined that there were no credit losses for securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

The following table presents the Company’s available-for-sale investment securities, by investment category, in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

March 31, 2021
Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
Fair Value Gross<br> Unrealized<br> Holding Losses Fair Value Gross<br> Unrealized<br> Holding Losses Fair Value Gross<br> Unrealized<br> Holding<br> Losses
(Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities <br>available-for-sale:
Mortgage-backed securities $ 1,327,126 $ (22,409 ) $ - $ - $ 1,327,126 $ (22,409 )
CMO/REMIC 422,765 (6,821 ) - - 422,765 (6,821 )
Municipal bonds - - - - - -
Total <br>available-for-sale<br> securities $ 1,749,891 $ (29,230 ) $ - $ - $ 1,749,891 $ (29,230 )
December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
Fair Value Gross<br> Unrealized<br> Holding Losses Fair Value Gross<br> Unrealized<br> Holding Losses Fair<br>Value Gross<br> Unrealized<br> Holding<br> Losses
(Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities <br>available-for-sale:
Mortgage-backed securities $ 72,219 $ (101 ) $ - $ - $ 72,219 $ (101 )
CMO/REMIC 96,974 (249 ) - - 96,974 (249 )
Municipal bonds - - - - - -
Total <br>available-for-sale<br> securities $ 169,193 $ (350 ) $ - $ - $ 169,193 $ (350 )

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At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, investment securities having a carrying value of approximately $1.92 billion and $1.81 billion, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits, short and long-term borrowings, and for other purposes as required or permitted by law.

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities at March 31, 2021, by contractual maturity, are shown in the table below. Although mortgage-backed and CMO/REMIC securities have weighted average remaining contractual maturities of approximately 19 years, expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to prepay such obligations without penalty. Mortgage-backed and CMO/REMIC securities are included in maturity categories based upon estimated average lives which incorporate estimated prepayment speeds.

March 31, 2021
Available-for-sale Held-to-maturity
Amortized  <br> Cost Fair Value Amortized  <br> Cost Fair Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Due in one year or less $ 4,821 $ 4,920 $ 4,054 $ 4,086
Due after one year through five years 2,368,827 2,383,641 280,057 288,032
Due after five years through ten years 393,699 392,160 133,106 134,081
Due after ten years 30,643 31,627 669,767 659,282
Total investment securities $ 2,797,990 $ 2,812,348 $ 1,086,984 $ 1,085,481

The investment in FHLB stock is periodically evaluated for impairment based on, among other things, the capital adequacy of the FHLB and its overall financial condition. No

impairment losses have been recorded through March 31, 2021.

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5. LOANS AND LEASE FINANCE RECEIVABLES AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

The following table provides a summary of total loans and lease finance receivables by type.

March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate $ 5,596,781 $ 5,501,509
Construction 96,356 85,145
SBA 307,727 303,896
SBA - Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) 897,724 882,986
Commercial and industrial 753,708 812,062
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness 261,088 361,146
Municipal lease finance receivables 42,349 45,547
SFR mortgage 255,400 270,511
Consumer and other loans 81,924 86,006
Total loans, at amortized cost 8,293,057 8,348,808
Less: Allowance for credit losses (71,805 ) (93,692 )
Total loans and lease finance receivables, net $ 8,221,252 $ 8,255,116

As of March 31, 2021, 71.73% of the Company’s total loan portfolio consisted of real estate loans, with commercial real estate loans representing 67.49% of total loans. Substantially all of the Company’s real estate loans and construction loans are secured by real properties located in California. As of March 31, 2021, $327.4 million, or 5.85% of the total commercial real estate loans included loans secured by farmland, compared to $314.4 million, or 5.72%, at December 31, 2020. The loans secured by farmland included $129.2 million for loans secured by dairy & livestock land and $198.1 million for loans secured by agricultural land at March 31, 2021, compared to $132.9 million for loans secured by dairy & livestock land and $181.5 million for loans secured by agricultural land at December 31, 2020. As of March 31, 2021, dairy & livestock and agribusiness loans of $261.1 million were comprised of $229.1 million for dairy & livestock loans and $31.9 million for agribusiness loans, compared to $320.1 million for dairy & livestock loans and $41.0 million for agribusiness loans at December 31, 2020.

At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, loans totaling $6.07 billion and $6.07 billion, respectively, were pledged to secure the borrowings and available lines of credit from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank.

There were no

outstanding loans held-for-sale as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

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Credit Quality Indicators

We monitor credit quality by evaluating various risk attributes and utilize such information in our evaluation of the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses. Internal credit risk ratings, within our loan risk rating system, are the credit quality indicators that we most closely monitor.

An important element of our approach to credit risk management is our loan risk rating system. The originating officer assigns each loan an initial risk rating, which is reviewed and confirmed or changed, as appropriate, by credit management. Approvals are made based upon the amount of inherent credit risk specific to the transaction and are reviewed for appropriateness by senior line and credit management personnel. Credits are monitored by line and credit management personnel for deterioration or improvement in a borrower’s financial condition, which would impact the ability of the borrower to perform under the contract. Risk ratings are adjusted as necessary.

Loans are risk rated into the following categories: Pass, Special Mention, Substandard, Doubtful and Loss. Each of these groups is assessed for the proper amount to be used in determining the adequacy of our allowance for losses. These categories can be described as follows:

Pass — These loans, including loans on the Bank’s internal watch list, range from minimal credit risk to lower than average, but still acceptable, credit risk. Watch list loans usually require more than normal management attention. Loans on the watch list may involve borrowers with adverse financial trends, higher debt/equity ratios, or weaker liquidity positions, but not to the degree of being considered a defined weakness or problem loan where risk of loss may be apparent.

Special Mention — Loans assigned to this category have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification.

Substandard — Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Substandard loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful — Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or the liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

Loss — Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this asset with insignificant value even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.

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The following table summarizes loans by type and origination year, according to our internal risk ratings as of the dates presented.

Origination Year Revolving<br><br> <br>loans<br> amortized<br><br> <br>cost basis Revolving<br><br> <br>loans<br><br> <br>converted to<br><br> <br>term loans
March 31, 2021 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 282,950 $ 981,750 $ 678,640 $ 588,405 $ 569,006 $ 2,063,996 $ 180,542 $ 35,794 $ 5,381,083
Special Mention 10,420 9,254 11,441 25,826 50,811 66,570 4,609 9,890 188,821
Substandard - - 479 2,156 9,064 14,347 500 331 26,877
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total Commercial real estate<br><br>loans: $ 293,370 $ 991,004 $ 690,560 $ 616,387 $ 628,881 $ 2,144,913 $ 185,651 $ 46,015 $ 5,596,781
Construction loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 876 $ 19,034 $ 7,974 $ 6,380 $ 2,257 $ 4 $ 52,058 $ - $ 88,583
Special Mention - - - 7,773 - - - - 7,773
Substandard - - - - - - - - -
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total Construction loans: $ 876 $ 19,034 $ 7,974 $ 14,153 $ 2,257 $ 4 $ 52,058 $ - $ 96,356
SBA loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 20,599 $ 44,593 $ 12,742 $ 43,163 $ 55,759 $ 104,385 $ - $ 2,976 $ 284,217
Special Mention - - - - 5,408 6,864 - - 12,272
Substandard - - - 876 5,145 5,217 - - 11,238
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total SBA loans: $ 20,599 $ 44,593 $ 12,742 $ 44,039 $ 66,312 $ 116,466 $ - $ 2,976 $ 307,727
SBA - PPP loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 314,940 $ 581,281 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 896,221
Special Mention - - - - - - - - -
Substandard - 1,503 - - - - - - 1,503
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total SBA - PPP loans: $ 314,940 $ 582,784 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 897,724
Commercial and industrial loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 31,474 $ 100,585 $ 147,772 $ 59,414 $ 50,335 $ 97,792 $ 219,271 $ 6,303 $ 712,946
Special Mention 486 1,781 1,881 1,732 856 4,798 10,485 247 22,266
Substandard 2,643 1,611 808 3,467 2,039 355 6,183 1,390 18,496
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total Commercial and industrial<br> <br>loans: $ 34,603 $ 103,977 $ 150,461 $ 64,613 $ 53,230 $ 102,945 $ 235,939 $ 7,940 $ 753,708

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Origination Year Revolving<br><br> <br>loans<br> amortized<br><br> <br>cost basis Revolving<br><br> <br>loans<br><br> <br>converted to<br><br> <br>term loans
March 31, 2021 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness<br> <br>loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ - $ 2,216 $ 1,660 $ 1,102 $ 256 $ 391 $ 227,667 $ 387 $ 233,679
Special Mention - - - 347 - 1,684 11,029 7,342 20,402
Substandard - - - 259 - - - 6,748 7,007
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total Dairy & livestock and<br> <br>agribusiness loans: $ - $ 2,216 $ 1,660 $ 1,708 $ 256 $ 2,075 $ 238,696 $ 14,477 $ 261,088
Municipal lease finance receivables loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ - $ 8,217 $ - $ 2,556 $ 10,248 $ 20,916 $ - $ - $ 41,937
Special Mention - - - - - 412 - - 412
Substandard - - - - - - - - -
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total Municipal lease finance<br> <br>receivables loans: $ - $ 8,217 $ - $ 2,556 $ 10,248 $ 21,328 $ - $ - $ 42,349
SFR mortgage loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 7,745 $ 61,021 $ 53,148 $ 27,117 $ 20,857 $ 81,721 $ 2 $ - $ 251,611
Special Mention - - - - - 195 - - 195
Substandard - - - - - 3,168 - 426 3,594
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total SFR mortgage loans: $ 7,745 $ 61,021 $ 53,148 $ 27,117 $ 20,857 $ 85,084 $ 2 $ 426 $ 255,400
Consumer and other loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 2,618 $ 7,558 $ 1,833 $ 778 $ 878 $ 2,157 $ 61,735 $ 1,791 $ 79,348
Special Mention 975 - - - - 90 516 - 1,581
Substandard - - - - - 170 149 676 995
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total Consumer and other loans: $ 3,593 $ 7,558 $ 1,833 $ 778 $ 878 $ 2,417 $ 62,400 $ 2,467 $ 81,924
Total Loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 661,202 $ 1,806,255 $ 903,769 $ 728,915 $ 709,596 $ 2,371,362 $ 741,275 $ 47,251 $ 7,969,625
Special Mention 11,881 11,035 13,322 35,678 57,075 80,613 26,639 17,479 253,722
Substandard 2,643 3,114 1,287 6,758 16,248 23,257 6,832 9,571 69,710
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total Loans: $ 675,726 $ 1,820,404 $ 918,378 $ 771,351 $ 782,919 $ 2,475,232 $ 774,746 $ 74,301 $ 8,293,057

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Origination Year Revolving<br><br> <br>loans<br> amortized<br><br> <br>cost basis Revolving<br><br> <br>loans<br><br> <br>converted to<br><br> <br>term loans
December 31, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 979,499 $ 691,091 $ 607,753 $ 617,640 $ 550,105 $ 1,646,876 $ 192,583 $ 24,548 $ 5,310,095
Special Mention 9,332 7,162 30,049 43,870 17,398 49,840 5,720 994 164,365
Substandard - 491 2,157 7,382 2,528 13,790 360 341 27,049
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total Commercial real estate loans: $ 988,831 $ 698,744 $ 639,959 $ 668,892 $ 570,031 $ 1,710,506 $ 198,663 $ 25,883 $ 5,501,509
Construction loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 14,511 $ 9,350 $ 14,945 $ 2,258 $ - $ 4 $ 44,077 $ - $ 85,145
Special Mention - - - - - - - - -
Substandard - - - - - - - - -
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total Construction loans: $ 14,511 $ 9,350 $ 14,945 $ 2,258 $ - $ 4 $ 44,077 $ - $ 85,145
SBA loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 47,901 $ 12,821 $ 44,950 $ 58,839 $ 26,136 $ 86,085 $ - $ 2,976 $ 279,708
Special Mention - - - 5,446 1,336 5,648 - - 12,430
Substandard - - 904 5,503 1,554 3,797 - - 11,758
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total SBA loans: $ 47,901 $ 12,821 $ 45,854 $ 69,788 $ 29,026 $ 95,530 $ - $ 2,976 $ 303,896
SBA - PPP loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 882,986 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 882,986
Special Mention - - - - - - - - -
Substandard - - - - - - - - -
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total SBA - PPP loans: $ 882,986 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 882,986
Commercial and industrial loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 104,478 $ 168,050 $ 62,453 $ 56,043 $ 32,149 $ 76,019 $ 257,250 $ 6,058 $ 762,500
Special Mention 1,995 1,081 1,892 1,028 95 4,882 17,395 1,132 29,500
Substandard 4,346 860 3,996 2,282 285 94 6,677 1,522 20,062
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total Commercial and industrial loans: $ 110,819 $ 169,991 $ 68,341 $ 59,353 $ 32,529 $ 80,995 $ 281,322 $ 8,712 $ 812,062

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Origination Year Revolving<br><br> <br>loans<br> amortized<br><br> <br>cost basis Revolving<br><br> <br>loans<br><br> <br>converted to<br><br> <br>term loans
December 31, 2020 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Prior Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 1,041 $ 1,765 $ 1,199 $ 5,680 $ 120 $ 320 $ 319,211 $ 363 $ 329,699
Special Mention 878 - 364 - - - 13,255 1,511 16,008
Substandard - - 784 693 2,285 - - 11,677 15,439
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total Dairy & livestock and agribusiness loans: $ 1,919 $ 1,765 $ 2,347 $ 6,373 $ 2,405 $ 320 $ 332,466 $ 13,551 $ 361,146
Municipal lease finance receivables loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 8,478 $ - $ 2,556 $ 10,249 $ 3,586 $ 20,266 $ - $ - $ 45,135
Special Mention - - - - - 412 - - 412
Substandard - - - - - - - - -
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total Municipal lease finance receivables loans: $ 8,478 $ - $ 2,556 $ 10,249 $ 3,586 $ 20,678 $ - $ - $ 45,547
SFR mortgage loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 65,463 $ 59,596 $ 29,142 $ 22,452 $ 27,192 $ 62,593 $ 3 $ - $ 266,441
Special Mention - - - - - 452 - - 452
Substandard - - - - 229 2,957 - 432 3,618
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total SFR mortgage loans: $ 65,463 $ 59,596 $ 29,142 $ 22,452 $ 27,421 $ 66,002 $ 3 $ 432 $ 270,511
Consumer and other loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 8,557 $ 2,077 $ 871 $ 969 $ 1,586 $ 961 $ 67,774 $ 1,688 $ 84,483
Special Mention - - - - - 91 517 22 630
Substandard - - - - - 172 - 721 893
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total Consumer and other loans: $ 8,557 $ 2,077 $ 871 $ 969 $ 1,586 $ 1,224 $ 68,291 $ 2,431 $ 86,006
Total Loans:
Risk Rating:
Pass $ 2,112,914 $ 944,750 $ 763,869 $ 774,130 $ 640,874 $ 1,893,124 $ 880,898 $ 35,633 $ 8,046,192
Special Mention 12,205 8,243 32,305 50,344 18,829 61,325 36,887 3,659 223,797
Substandard 4,346 1,351 7,841 15,860 6,881 20,810 7,037 14,693 78,819
Doubtful & Loss - - - - - - - - -
Total Loans: $ 2,129,465 $ 954,344 $ 804,015 $ 840,334 $ 666,584 $ 1,975,259 $ 924,822 $ 53,985 $ 8,348,808

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Allowance for Credit Losses

Our allowance for credit losses is based upon lifetime loss rate models developed from an estimation framework that uses historical lifetime loss experiences to derive loss rates at a collective pool level. We measure the expected credit losses on a collective (pooled) basis for those loans that share similar risk characteristics. We have three collective loan pools: Commercial Real Estate, Commercial and Industrial, and Consumer. Our ACL amounts are largely driven by portfolio characteristics, including loss history and various risk attributes, and the economic outlook for certain macroeconomic variables. Risk attributes for commercial real estate loans include OLTV, origination year, loan seasoning, and macroeconomic variables that include GDP growth, commercial real estate price index and unemployment rate. Risk attributes for commercial and industrial loans include internal risk ratings, borrower industry sector, loan credit spreads and macroeconomic variables that include unemployment rate and BBB spread. The macroeconomic variables for Consumer include unemployment rate and GDP. The Commercial Real Estate methodology is applied over commercial real estate loans, a portion of construction loans, and a portion of SBA loans (excluding Payment Protection Program loans). The Commercial and Industrial methodology is applied over a substantial portion of the Company’s commercial and industrial loans, all dairy & livestock and agribusiness loans, municipal lease receivables, as well as the remaining portion of SBA loans (excluding Payment Protection Program loans). The Consumer methodology is applied to SFR mortgage loans, consumer loans, as well as the remaining construction loans. In addition to determining the quantitative life of loan loss rate to be applied against the amortized cost basis of the portfolio segments, management reviews current conditions and forecasts to determine whether adjustments are needed to ensure that the life of loan loss rates reflect both the current state of the portfolio, and expectations for macroeconomic changes. Our methodology for assessing the appropriateness of the allowance is reviewed on a regular basis and considers overall risks in the Bank’s loan portfolio. Refer to Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies contained herein for a more detailed discussion concerning the allowance for credit losses.

Our allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2021 decreased from the prior quarter end by $21.9 million, as a result of a $19.5 million recapture of provision for credit losses and net charge-offs of $2.4 million. The recapture of provision for credit losses was primarily due to the forecasted improvements in macroeconomic variables, with the greatest impact reflected in an $18.9 million decline in the ACL for Commercial Real Estate loans. During the first quarter of 2020, we recorded a provision for credit losses of $12.0 million, due to the initial forecast of a severe economic downturn from the COVID-19 pandemic. The provision in the first quarter of 2020 was followed by an additional $11.5 million provision for credit losses in the second quarter of 2020, as the forecasted economic impact from the pandemic increased in both severity and duration. Based on the magnitude of government economic stimulus and the wide availability of vaccines, our latest economic forecast reflects improvements in key macroeconomic variables, particularly the commercial real estate price index and the unemployment rate. Our economic forecast continues to be a blend of multiple forecasts produced by Moody’s, including Moody’s baseline forecast, as well as upside and downside forecasts. Our forecast at the end of the first quarter of 2021, assumes GDP will increase by 4.0% in 2021 and then grow by 3.2 % in 2022 and 2.8% in 2023. The forecast for the unemployment rate is 6.4% in 2021, 6.3% in 2022 and 5.5% in 2023. At March 31, 2021, the allowance for credit losses of $71.8 million was 0.87% of total loans, compared to 1.12% and 1.11% at December 31, 2020 and March 31, 2020, respectively.

Management believes that the ACL was appropriate at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. As there is a high degree of uncertainty around the epidemiological assumptions and impact of government responses to the pandemic that impact our economic forecast, no assurance can be given that economic conditions that adversely affect the Company’s service areas or other circumstances will not be reflected in increased provisions for credit losses in the future.

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The following tables present the balance and activity related to the allowance for credit losses for held-for-investment loans by type for the periods presented.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Ending Balance <br> December 31,<br> 2020 Charge-offs Recoveries (Recapture of)<br> Provision for<br> Credit Losses Ending Balance <br> March 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate $ 75,439 $ - $ - $ (18,867 ) $ 56,572
Construction 1,934 - 3 (59 ) 1,878
SBA 2,992 - 4 (484 ) 2,512
SBA - PPP - - - - -
Commercial and industrial 7,142 (2,475 ) 2 1,770 6,439
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness 3,949 - - (1,227 ) 2,722
Municipal lease finance receivables 74 - - (39 ) 35
SFR mortgage 367 - 79 (148 ) 298
Consumer and other loans 1,795 - - (446 ) 1,349
Total allowance for credit losses $ 93,692 $ (2,475 ) $ 88 $ (19,500 ) $ 71,805
Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Ending Balance,<br><br> <br>prior to adoption<br><br> <br>of ASU <br>2016-13<br><br> <br>December 31, 2019 Impact of<br><br> <br>Adoption of<br><br> <br>ASU 2016-13 Charge-offs Recoveries Provision for<br><br> <br>(Recapture of)<br><br> <br>Credit Losses Ending Balance<br><br> <br>March 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial real<br> <br>estate $48,629 $ 3,547 $ - $ - $ 6,251 $ 58,427
Construction 858 655 - 3 3,116 4,632
SBA 1,453 1,818 - - 675 3,946
Commercial and<br> <br>industrial 8,880 (2,442 ) - 2 2,947 9,387
Dairy & livestock and<br> <br>agribusiness 5,255 (186 ) - - (803 ) 4,266
Municipal lease finance receivables 623 (416 ) - - 70 277
SFR mortgage 2,339 (2,043 ) - 206 (221 ) 281
Consumer and other loans 623 907 (86 ) 16 (35 ) 1,425
Total allowance for<br> <br>credit losses $68,660 $ 1,840 $ (86 ) $ 227 $ 12,000 $ 82,641

Past Due and Nonperforming Loans

We seek to manage asset quality and control credit risk through diversification of the loan portfolio and the application of policies designed to promote sound underwriting and loan monitoring practices. The Bank’s Credit Management Division is in charge of monitoring asset quality, establishing credit policies and procedures and enforcing the consistent application of these policies and procedures across the Bank. Reviews of nonperforming, past due loans and larger credits, designed to identify potential charges to the allowance for credit losses, are conducted on an ongoing basis. These reviews consider such factors as the financial strength of borrowers and any guarantors, the value of the applicable collateral, loan loss experience, estimated credit losses, growth in the loan portfolio, prevailing economic conditions and other factors. Refer to Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies , included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, for additional discussion concerning the Bank’s policy for past due and nonperforming loans.

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The following table presents the recorded investment in, and the aging of, past due loans (including nonaccrual loans), by type of loans as of the dates presented.

March 31, 2021
30-59 Days<br><br> Past Due 60-89 Days<br><br> Past Due Greater than 89 <br> Days Past Due Total<br> Past<br> Due Loans Not<br> Past Due Total Loans<br>   and Financing  <br> Receivables
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied $ - $ 211 $ 6,934 $ 7,145 $ 2,165,178 $ 2,172,323
Non-owner<br> occupied 178 - - 178 3,424,280 3,424,458
Construction
Speculative (1) - - - - 80,857 80,857
Non-speculative - - - - 15,499 15,499
SBA 258 - 1,028 1,286 306,441 307,727
SBA - PPP - - - - 897,724 897,724
Commercial and industrial 452 689 2,606 3,747 749,961 753,708
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness - - 259 259 260,829 261,088
Municipal lease finance receivables - - - - 42,349 42,349
SFR mortgage 266 - 229 495 254,905 255,400
Consumer and other loans 21 - 193 214 81,710 81,924
Total loans $ 1,175 $ 900 $ 11,249 $ 13,324 $ 8,279,733 $ 8,293,057
(1) Speculative construction loans are generally for properties where there is no identified buyer or renter.
--- ---
December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
30-59 Days<br><br> Past Due 60-89 Days<br><br> Past Due Greater than 89 <br> Days Past Due Total<br> Past<br> Due Loans Not<br> Past Due Total Loans<br>   and Financing  <br> Receivables
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied $ - $ - $ 7,208 $ 7,208 $ 2,136,051 $ 2,143,259
Non-owner<br> occupied - - - - 3,358,250 3,358,250
Construction
Speculative (1) - - - - 72,126 72,126
Non-speculative - - - - 13,019 13,019
SBA 531 2,415 1,025 3,971 299,925 303,896
SBA - PPP - - - - 882,986 882,986
Commercial and industrial 608 811 2,338 3,757 808,305 812,062
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness - - 784 784 360,362 361,146
Municipal lease finance receivables - - - - 45,547 45,547
SFR mortgage - - 229 229 270,282 270,511
Consumer and other loans - - - - 86,006 86,006
Total loans $ 1,139 $ 3,226 $ 11,584 $ 15,949 $ 8,332,859 $ 8,348,808
(1) Speculative construction loans are generally for properties where there is no identified buyer or renter.
--- ---

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Amortized cost of our finance receivables and loans that are on nonaccrual status, including loans with no allowance are presented as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 by type of loan.

March 31, 2021
Nonaccrual<br> with No<br> Allowance for<br> Credit Losses Total<br> Nonaccrual (1) Loans Past<br> Due Over 89<br> Days Still<br> Accruing
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied $ 7,395 $ 7,395 $ -
Non-owner<br> occupied - - -
Construction
Speculative (2) - - -
Non-speculative - - -
SBA 2,076 2,412 -
SBA - PPP - - -
Commercial and industrial 1,506 2,967 -
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness - 259 -
Municipal lease finance receivables - - -
SFR mortgage 424 424 -
Consumer and other loans 312 312 -
Total loans $ 11,713 $ 13,769 $ -
(1) As of March 31, 2021, $2.1 million of nonaccruing loans were current, $400,000 were <br>60-89<br> days past due, and $11.2 million were 90+ days past due.
--- ---
(2) Speculative construction loans are generally for properties where there is no identified buyer or renter.
--- ---
December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Nonaccrual<br> with No<br> Allowance for<br> Credit Losses Total<br> Nonaccrual (1)(3) Loans Past<br> Due Over 89<br> Days Still<br> Accruing
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate
Owner occupied $ 7,563 $ 7,563 $ -
Non-owner<br> occupied - - -
Construction
Speculative (2) - - -
Non-speculative - - -
SBA 2,035 2,273 -
SBA - PPP - - -
Commercial and industrial 1,576 3,129 -
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness 785 785 -
Municipal lease finance receivables 430 - -
SFR mortgage - 430 -
Consumer and other loans 167 167 -
Total loans $ 12,556 $ 14,347 $ -
(1) As of December 31, 2020, $1.4 million of nonaccruing loans were current, $2,000 were <br>30-59<br> days past due, $1.3 million were <br>60-89<br> days past due, and $11.6 million were 90+ days past due.
--- ---
(2) Speculative construction loans are generally for properties where there is no identified buyer or renter.
--- ---
(3) Excludes $184,000 of guaranteed portion of nonaccrual SBA loans that are in process of collection.
--- ---

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Collateral Dependent Loans

A loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. The following table presents the recorded investment in collateral-dependent loans by type of loans as of the dates presented.

March 31, 2021 Number of<br> Loans<br><br> <br>Dependent on<br><br> <br>Collateral
Real Estate Business Assets Other
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate $ 7,689 $ - $ - 8
Construction - - - 11
SBA 1,826 418 168 -
SBA - PPP - - - -
Commercial and industrial 421 7,708 143 21
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness - 259 - 1
Municipal lease finance receivables - - - -
SFR mortgage 424 - - 2
Consumer and other loans 312 - - 3
Total collateral-dependent loans $ 10,672 $ 8,385 $ 311 46
December 31, 2020 Number of<br> Loans<br><br> <br>Dependent on<br><br> <br>Collateral
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Real Estate Business Assets Other
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate $ 7,883 $ - $ - 8
Construction - - - -
SBA 1,761 326 185 10
SBA - PPP - - - -
Commercial and industrial 470 5,542 95 18
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness - 785 - 1
Municipal lease finance receivables - - - -
SFR mortgage 430 - - 2
Consumer and other loans 168 - - 2
Total collateral-dependent loans $ 10,712 $ 6,653 $ 280 41

Reserve for Unfunded Loan Commitments

The allowance for off-balance sheet credit exposure relates to commitments to extend credit, letters of credit and undisbursed funds on lines of credit. The Company evaluates credit risk associated with the off-balance sheet loan commitments in the same manner as it evaluates credit risk associated with the loan and lease portfolio. There was no provision or recapture of provision for unfunded commitments for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the balance in this reserve was  $9.0 million and was included in other liabilities.

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Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”)

Loans that are reported as TDRs are considered impaired and charge-off amounts are taken on an individual loan basis, as deemed appropriate. The majority of restructured loans are loans for which the terms of repayment have been renegotiated, resulting in a reduction in interest rate or deferral of principal. Refer to Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for a more detailed discussion regarding TDRs.

As of March 31, 2021, there were $5.8 million of loans classified as a TDR, all of which were performing. TDRs on accrual status are comprised of loans that were accruing interest at the time of restructuring or have demonstrated repayment performance in compliance with the restructured terms for a sustained period and for which the Company anticipates full repayment of both principal and interest. At March 31, 2021, performing TDRs were comprised of three commercial and industrial loans of $4.5 million, five SFR mortgage loans of $1.0 million, and one commercial real estate loan of $294,000.

The majority of TDRs have no specific allowance allocated as any impairment amount is normally charged off at the time the loan is considered uncollectible. We have no

allocated allowance to TDRs as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

The following table provides a summary of the activity related to TDRs for the periods presented.

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2021 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
Performing TDRs:
Beginning balance $ 2,159 $ 3,112
New modifications 4,643 -
Payoffs/payments, net and other (989 ) (299 )
TDRs returned to accrual status - -
TDRs placed on nonaccrual status - -
Ending balance $ 5,813 $ 2,813
Nonperforming TDRs:
Beginning balance $ - $ 244
New modifications - -
Charge-offs - -
Payoffs/payments, net and other - (244 )
TDRs returned to accrual status - -
TDRs placed on nonaccrual status - -
Ending balance $ - $ -
Total TDRs $ 5,813 $ 2,813

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The following table summarizes loans modified as TDRs for the period presented.

Modifications (1)

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
Number of<br> Loans Pre-Modification<br><br> Outstanding<br> Recorded<br> Investment Post-Modification<br><br> Outstanding<br> Recorded<br> Investment Outstanding<br> Recorded<br> Investment at<br> March 31, 2021 Financial Effect<br> Resulting From<br> Modifications (2)
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate:
Interest rate reduction - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Change in amortization <br><br>period or maturity - - - - -
Commercial and industrial:
Interest rate reduction - - - - -
Change in amortization<br> <br>period or maturity 2 4,643 4,643 4,443 -
SFR mortgage:
Interest rate reduction - - - - -
Change in amortization<br> <br>period or maturity - - - - -
Total loans 2 $ 4,643 $ 4,643 $ 4,443 $ -
(1) The tables above exclude modified loans that were paid off prior to the end of the period.
--- ---
(2) Financial effects resulting from modifications represent charge-offs and current allowance for credit losses at modification date.
--- ---

As of March 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no loans that were modified as a TDR within the previous 12 months that subsequently defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

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6. EARNINGS PER SHARE RECONCILIATION

Basic earnings per common share are computed by dividing income allocated to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during each period. The computation of diluted earnings per common share considers the number of shares issuable upon the assumed exercise of outstanding common stock options. Antidilutive common shares are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per common share. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, shares deemed to be antidilutive, and thus excluded from the computation of earnings per common share, were 117,000 and 269,000, respectively.

The table below shows earnings per common share and diluted earnings per common share, and reconciles the numerator and denominator of both earnings per common share calculations.

Three Months Ended<br> March 31,
2021 2020
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
Earnings per common share:
Net earnings $ 63,893 $ 37,980
Less: Net earnings allocated to restricted stock 309 83
Net earnings allocated to common shareholders $ 63,584 $ 37,897
Weighted average shares outstanding 135,175 139,107
Basic earnings per common share $ 0.47 $ 0.27
Diluted earnings per common share:
Net income allocated to common shareholders 63,584 37,897
Weighted average shares outstanding 135,175 139,107
Incremental shares from assumed exercise of outstanding options 253 209
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding 135,428 139,316
Diluted earnings per common share $ 0.47 $ 0.27

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7. FAIR VALUE INFORMATION

Fair Value Hierarchy

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

The valuation methodologies for financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis are described in Note 19 — Fair Value Information, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The tables below present the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of the dates presented.

Carrying Value at  <br> March 31, 2021 Quoted Prices in<br>   Active Markets for  <br> Identical Assets<br><br> <br>(Level 1) Significant Other<br>   Observable Inputs  <br> (Level 2) Significant<br> Unobservable Inputs<br> (Level 3)
(Dollars in thousands)
Description of assets
Investment securities - AFS:
Mortgage-backed securities $ 2,191,338 $ - $ 2,191,338 $ -
CMO/REMIC 590,166 - 590,166 -
Municipal bonds 29,886 - 29,886 -
Other securities 958 - 958 -
Total investment securities - AFS 2,812,348 - 2,812,348 -
Interest rate swaps 14,692 - 14,692 -
Total assets $ 2,827,040 $ - $ 2,827,040 $ -
Description of liability
Interest rate swaps $ 14,692 $ - $ 14,692 $ -
Total liabilities $ 14,692 $ - $ 14,692 $ -
Carrying Value at  <br> December 31, 2020 Quoted Prices in<br>   Active Markets for  <br> Identical Assets<br><br> <br>(Level 1) Significant Other<br>   Observable Inputs  <br> (Level 2) Significant<br> Unobservable Inputs<br> (Level 3)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
(Dollars in thousands)
Description of assets
Investment securities - AFS:
Mortgage-backed securities $ 1,904,935 $ - $ 1,904,935 $ -
CMO/REMIC 462,814 - 462,814 -
Municipal bonds 30,285 - 30,285 -
Other securities 889 - 889 -
Total investment securities - AFS 2,398,923 - 2,398,923 -
Interest rate swaps 30,181 - 30,181 -
Total assets $ 2,429,104 $ - $ 2,429,104 $ -
Description of liability
Interest rate swaps $ 30,181 $ - $ 30,181 $ -
Total liabilities $ 30,181 $ - $ 30,181 $ -

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Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

We may be required to measure certain assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with GAAP. These adjustments to fair value usually result from application of lower of cost or fair value accounting or impairment write-downs of individual assets.

For assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis that were held on the balance sheet at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, the following tables provide the level of valuation assumptions used to determine each adjustment and the carrying value of the related assets that had losses during the period.

Carrying Value at<br> March 31, 2021 Quoted Prices in<br> Active Markets for<br> Identical Assets<br> (Level 1) Significant Other<br> Observable Inputs<br> (Level 2) Significant<br> Unobservable Inputs<br> (Level 3) Total Losses<br> For the Three<br> Months Ended<br> March 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Description of assets
Loans:
Commercial real estate $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Construction - - - - -
SBA 97 - - 97 19
Commercial and industrial 2,248 - - 2,248 307
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness 260 - - 260 102
Municipal lease finance receivables - - - - -
SFR mortgage - - - - -
Consumer and other loans - - - - -
Other real estate owned - - - - -
Asset <br>held-for-sale - - - - -
Total assets $ 2,605 $ - $ - $ 2,605 $ 428
Carrying Value at<br> December 31, 2020 Quoted Prices in<br> Active Markets for<br> Identical Assets<br> (Level 1) Significant Other<br> Observable Inputs<br> (Level 2) Significant<br> Unobservable Inputs<br> (Level 3) Total Losses For<br> the Year Ended<br> December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
(Dollars in thousands)
Description of assets
Loans:
Commercial real estate $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Construction - - - - -
SBA 76 - - 76 24
Commercial and industrial 4,266 - - 4,266 2,316
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness - - - - -
Municipal lease finance receivables - - - - -
SFR mortgage - - - - -
Consumer and other loans - - - - -
Other real estate owned 2,275 - - 2,275 700
Asset <br>held-for-sale - - - - -
Total assets $ 6,617 $ - $ - $ 6,617 $ 3,040

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following disclosure presents estimated fair value of our financial instruments. The estimated fair value amounts have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented below are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company may realize in a current market exchange as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

March 31, 2021
Estimated Fair Value
Carrying<br> Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Total cash and cash equivalents $ 1,525,299 $ 1,525,299 $ - $ - $ 1,525,299
Interest-earning balances due from depository institutions 27,748 - 27,748 - 27,748
Investment securities <br>available-for-sale 2,812,348 - 2,812,348 - 2,812,348
Investment securities <br>held-to-maturity 1,086,984 - 1,085,481 - 1,085,481
Total loans, net of allowance for credit losses 8,221,252 - - 8,231,707 8,231,707
Swaps 14,692 - 14,692 - 14,692
Liabilities
Deposits:
Interest-bearing $ 4,500,816 $ - $ 4,500,611 $ - $ 4,500,611
Borrowings 511,346 - 504,563 - 504,563
Junior subordinated debentures 25,774 - - 20,351 20,351
Swaps 14,692 - 14,692 - 14,692
December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Estimated Fair Value
Carrying<br> Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Total cash and cash equivalents $ 1,958,160 $ 1,958,160 $ - $ - $ 1,958,160
Interest-earning balances due from depository institutions 43,563 - 43,600 - 43,600
Investment securities <br>available-for-sale 2,398,923 - 2,398,923 - 2,398,923
Investment securities <br>held-to-maturity 578,626 - 604,223 - 604,223
Total loans, net of allowance for credit losses 8,255,116 - - 8,256,178 8,256,178
Swaps 30,181 - 30,181 - 30,181
Liabilities
Deposits:
Interest-bearing $ 4,281,114 $ - $ 4,281,952 $ - $ 4,281,952
Borrowings 444,406 - 444,349 - 444,349
Junior subordinated debentures 25,774 - - 19,431 19,431
Swaps 30,181 - 30,181 - 30,181

The fair value estimates presented herein are based on pertinent information available to management as of March 31, 2021and December 31, 2020. Although management is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the estimated fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since that date, and therefore, current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented above.

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8. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Bank is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations and utilizes interest rate swap agreements (“swaps”) as part of its asset/liability management strategy to help manage its interest rate risk position. As of March 31, 2021, the Bank has entered into 148 interest-rate swap agreements with customers with a notional amount totaling $509.5 million. The Bank then entered into identical offsetting swaps with a counterparty. The swap agreements are not designated as hedging instruments. The purpose of entering into offsetting derivatives not designated as a hedging instrument is to provide the Bank a variable-rate loan receivable and to provide the customer the financial effects of a fixed-rate loan without creating significant volatility in the Bank’s earnings.

The structure of the swaps is as follows. The Bank enters into an interest rate swap with its customers in which the Bank pays the customer a variable rate and the customer pays the Bank a fixed rate, therefore allowing customers to convert variable rate loans to fixed rate loans. At the same time, the Bank enters into a swap with the counterparty bank in which the Bank pays the counterparty a fixed rate and the counterparty in return pays the Bank a variable rate. The net effect of the transaction allows the Bank to receive interest on the loan from the customer at a variable rate based on LIBOR plus a spread. The changes in the fair value of the swaps primarily offset each other and therefore should not have a significant impact on the Company’s results of operations, although the Company does incur credit and counterparty risk with respect to performance on the swap agreements by the Bank’s customer and counterparty, respectively. As a result of the Bank exceeding $10 billion in assets, federal regulations required the Bank, beginning in January 2019, to clear most interest rate swaps through a clearing house (“centrally cleared”). These instruments contain language outlining collateral pledging requirements for each counterparty, in which collateral must be posted if market value exceeds certain agreed upon threshold limits. Cash or securities are pledged as collateral. Our interest rate swap derivatives are subject to a master netting arrangement with our counterparties. None of our derivative assets and liabilities are offset in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet.

We believe our risk of loss associated with our counterparty borrowers related to interest rate swaps is mitigated as the loans with swaps are underwritten to take into account potential additional exposure, although there can be no assurances in this regard since the performance of our swaps is subject to market and counterparty risk.

Balance Sheet Classification of Derivative Financial Instruments

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the total notional amount of the Company’s swaps was $509.5 million, and $503.8 million, respectively. The location of the asset and liability, and their respective fair values, are summarized in the tables below.

March 31, 2021
Asset Derivatives
Balance Sheet<br><br> <br>Location Fair<br><br> <br>Value Fair<br><br> <br>Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps Other assets 14,692 Other liabilities $14,692
Total derivatives 14,692 $14,692
December 31, 2020
Asset Derivatives
Balance Sheet<br><br> <br>Location Fair<br><br> <br>Value Fair<br><br> <br>Value
(Dollars in thousands)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps Other assets 30,181 Other liabilities $30,181
Total derivatives 30,181 $30,181

All values are in US Dollars.

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The Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings

The following table summarizes the effect of derivative financial instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of earnings for the periods presented.

Derivatives Not Designated as<br> <br>Hedging Instruments Location of Gain Recognized in<br>   Income on Derivative Instruments Amount of Gain Recognized in Income on<br><br> <br>Derivative Instruments
Three Months Ended<br><br> <br>March 31,
2021 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest rate swaps Other income $ 215 $ 373
Total $ 215 $ 373
9. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
--- ---

The table below provides a summary of the components of other comprehensive income (“OCI”) for the periods presented.

Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020
Before-tax Tax effect After-tax Before-tax Tax effect After-tax
(Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities:
Net change in fair value recorded in accumulated OCI $ (40,391 ) $ 11,941 $ (28,450 ) $ 36,619 $ (10,826 ) $ 25,793
Amortization of net unrealized losses on securities transferred from <br>available-for-sale<br> to <br>held-to-maturity 81 (24 ) 57 (1 ) - (1 )
Net change $ (40,310 ) $ 11,917 $ (28,393 ) $ 36,618 $ (10,826 ) $ 25,792

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10. BALANCE SHEET OFFSETTING

Assets and liabilities relating to certain financial instruments, including, derivatives and securities sold under repurchase agreements (“repurchase agreements”), may be eligible for offset in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as permitted under accounting guidance. As noted above, our interest rate swap derivatives are subject to master netting arrangements. Our interest rate swap derivatives require the Company to pledge investment securities as collateral based on certain risk thresholds. Investment securities that have been pledged by the Company to counterparties continue to be reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets unless the Company defaults. We offer a repurchase agreement product to our customers, which include master netting agreements that allow for the netting of collateral positions. This product, known as Citizens Sweep Manager, sells certain of our securities overnight to our customers under an agreement to repurchase them the next day. The repurchase agreements are not offset in the Company’s condensed consolidated balances.

Gross Amounts<br> Recognized in Gross Amounts<br> Offset in the Net Amounts<br> <br>Presented in the Gross Amounts Not Offset in the<br> Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
the Condensed<br> Consolidated<br> Balance Sheets Condensed<br> Consolidated<br> Balance Sheets Condensed<br> Consolidated<br> Balance Sheets Financial<br> Instruments Collateral<br> Pledged Net Amount
(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2021
Financial assets:
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 14,692 $ - $ - $ 14,692 $ - $ 14,692
Total $ 14,692 $ - $ - $ 14,692 $ - $ 14,692
Financial liabilities:
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 27,826 $ (13,134 ) $ 14,692 $ 13,134 $ (45,482 ) $ (17,656 )
Repurchase agreements 506,346 - 506,346 - (543,551 ) (37,205 )
Total $ 534,172 $ (13,134 ) $ 521,038 $ 13,134 $ (589,033 ) $ (54,861 )
December 31, 2020
Financial assets:
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 30,181 $ - $ - $ 30,181 $ - $ 30,181
Total $ 30,181 $ - $ - $ 30,181 $ - $ 30,181
Financial liabilities:
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 30,434 $ (253 ) $ 30,181 $ 253 $ (63,730 ) $ (33,296 )
Repurchase agreements 439,406 - 439,406 - (483,603 ) (44,197 )
Total $ 469,840 $ (253 ) $ 469,587 $ 253 $ (547,333 ) $ (77,493 )

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  1. LEASES

The Company’s operating leases, where the Company is a lessee, include real estate, such as office space and banking centers. Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease and is reflected in the consolidated statement of earnings. Right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities are included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet.

While the Company has, as a lessor, certain equipment finance leases, such leases are not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The tables below present the components of lease costs and supplemental information related to leases as of and for the periods presented.

March 31,<br> 2021 December 31,<br> 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
Lease Assets and Liabilities
ROU assets $ 20,340 $ 19,112
Total lease liabilities 22,237 21,164
Three Months Ended
--- --- --- --- ---
March 31,
2021 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
Lease Cost
Operating lease expense (1) $ 1,662 $ 1,623
Sublease income - -
Total lease expense $ 1,662 $ 1,623
(1) Includes short-term leases and variable lease costs, which are immaterial.
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash outflows from operating leases, net $ 1,819 $ 1,935
--- --- --- --- ---
March 31,<br> <br>2021 December 31,<br> <br>020
--- --- --- --- ---
Lease Term and Discount Rate
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) 4.40 4.16
Weighted average discount rate 2.63% 2.80%

The Company’s lease arrangements that have not yet commenced as of March 31, 2021 and the Company’s short-term lease costs and variable lease costs, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 are not material to the consolidated financial statements. The future lease payments required for leases that have initial or remaining non-cancelable lease terms in excess of one year as of March 31, 2021, excluding property taxes and insurance, are as follows:

March 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Year:
2021 (excluding the three months ended March 31, 2021) $ 5,142
2022 6,031
2023 4,279
2024 3,107
2025 2,433
Thereafter 2,499
Total future lease payments 23,491
Less: Imputed interest (1,254 )
Present value of lease liabilities $ 22,237

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  1. REVENUE RECOGNITION

The following presents noninterest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of ASU No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)”, for the periods indicated.

Three Months Ended <br> March 31,
2021 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest income:
In-scope<br> of Topic 606:
Service charges on deposit accounts $ 3,985 $ 4,776
Trust and investment services 2,611 2,420
Bankcard services 350 577
Gain on OREO, net 429 10
Other 1,682 1,798
Noninterest Income <br>(in-scope<br> of Topic 606) 9,057 9,581
Noninterest Income <br>(out-of-scope<br> of Topic 606) 4,624 2,059
Total noninterest income $ 13,681 $ 11,640

Refer to Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 24 – Revenue Recognition, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for a more detailed discussion about noninterest revenue streams that are in-scope of Topic 606.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion provides information about the results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and capital resources of CVB Financial Corp. (referred to herein on an unconsolidated basis as “CVB” and on a consolidated basis as “we,” “our” or the “Company”) and its wholly owned bank subsidiary, Citizens Business Bank (the “Bank” or “CBB”). This information is intended to facilitate the understanding and assessment of significant changes and trends related to our financial condition and the results of our operations. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes presented elsewhere in this report.

IMPACT OF COVID-19

The spread of COVID-19 has created a global public health crisis that has resulted in unprecedented volatility and disruption in financial markets and deterioration in economic activity and market conditions in the markets we serve. The pandemic has affected our customers and the communities we serve and depending on the duration of the crisis and government actions, the adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations could be significant. In response to the effects of the pandemic on the U.S. economy, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“FRB”) has taken significant actions, including a reduction in the target range of the federal funds rate to 0.0% to 0.25% and an indeterminate amount of purchases of Treasury and mortgage-backed securities.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was signed into law. It contain substantial tax and spending provisions intended to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act includes the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), a $349 billion program designed to aid small- and medium-sized businesses through 100% Small Business Administration (“SBA”) guaranteed loans distributed through banks. These loans were intended to guarantee 24 weeks of payroll and other costs to help those businesses remain viable and keep their workers employed. Legislation passed on April 24, 2020 provided additional PPP funds of $310 billion. During 2020, we originated and funded approximately 4,100 loans, totaling $1.10 billion. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the CARES Act, we also implemented a short-term loan modification program to provide temporary payment relief to certain of our borrowers who meet the program’s qualifications. There were six loans with approximately $10 million in outstanding loan amounts that remained on deferment, as of March 31, 2021. These deferments of principal or principal and interest, are for 90- days or less. On January 13, 2021, the SBA reopened the PPP for Second Draw loans to small businesses and non-profit organizations that did receive a loan through the initial PPP phase. At least $25 billion has been set aside for Second Draw PPP (“round two”) loans to eligible borrowers with a maximum of 10 employees or for loans of $250,000 or less to eligible borrowers in low or moderate income neighborhoods. Generally speaking, businesses with more than 300 employees and/or less than a 25% reduction in gross receipts between comparable quarters in 2019 and 2020 are not eligible for Second Draw loans. Further, maximum loan amounts have been increased for accommodation and food service businesses. As of March 31, 2021, we have originated approximately 1,500 round two loans totaling $325 million in outstanding borrowings. The Paycheck Protection Program is expected to end on May 31, 2021.

The first quarter of 2021 includes a $19.5 million recapture of provision for credit losses, as the economic outlook has improved markedly due to widely available vaccines and government economic stimulus. In comparison, the Company recorded a provision for credit losses of $12.0 million in the first quarter of 2020, as well as $11.5 million in the second quarter of 2020, due to the initial forecasts of a severe economic downturn. We continue to monitor the impact of COVID-19 closely. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will impact our operations and financial results during 2021 is highly uncertain, but we may experience continued volatility in the provision for credit losses if this pandemic results in economic stress greater than forecasted on our borrowers and loan portfolios and lower interest income if the current low interest rate environment continues.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The discussion and analysis of the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are based upon the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Critical accounting policies are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, and are essential to understanding Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The following is a summary of the more judgmental and complex accounting estimates and principles. In each area, we have identified the variables we believe are most important in our estimation process. We utilize information available to us to make the necessary estimates to value the related assets and liabilities. Actual performance that differs from our estimates and future changes in the key variables and information could change future valuations and impact the results of operations.

· Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”)
· Business Combinations
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· Valuation and Recoverability of Goodwill
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· Income Taxes
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Our significant accounting policies are described in greater detail in our 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K in the “Critical Accounting Policies” section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and in Note 3 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies , included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, which are essential to understanding Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements but Not Adopted as of March 31, 2021

Standard Description Adoption Timing Impact on Financial Statements
ASU <br>No. 2020-04,<br> Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting<br> <br><br> <br>Issued March 2020 The FASB issued ASU <br>2020-04,<br> Reference Rate Reform: Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The amendments in this update provide temporary, optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for transitioning away from reference rates such as LIBOR. The amendments provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The amendments primarily include relief related to contract modifications and hedging<br> <br>relationships, as well as providing a <br>one-time<br> election for the sale or transfer of debt securities classified as <br>held-to-maturity.<br> This guidance is effective immediately and the amendments may be applied prospectively through December 31, 2022. 1st Quarter 2020 through the 4th Quarter 2022 The Company established a LIBOR Transition Task Force in 2020, which has inventoried our instruments that reflect exposure to LIBOR, created a framework to manage the transition and established a timeline for key decisions and actions to complete the transition from LIBOR in 2021. Although the Company is assessing the impacts of this transition and exploring alternatives to use in place of LIBOR for various financial instruments, primarily related to our variable-rate loans, our subordinated debentures, and interest rate swap derivatives that are indexed to LIBOR, we do not expect this ASU to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
ASU <br>2020-06,<br> Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic <br>470-20)<br> and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic <br>815-40):<br> Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity<br> <br><br> <br>Issued August 2020 The FASB issued ASU <br>2020-06,<br> Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic <br>470-20)<br> and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic <br>815-40):<br> Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. This ASU reduces the number of accounting models for convertible instruments and allows more contracts to qualify for equity classification. 1st Quarter 2022 The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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OVERVIEW

For the first quarter of 2021, we reported net earnings of $63.9 million, compared with $50.1 million for the fourth quarter of 2020 and $38.0 million for the first quarter of 2020. Diluted earnings per share were $0.47 for the first quarter, compared to $0.37 for the prior quarter and $0.27 for the same period last year.

The first quarter of 2021 included a $19.5 million recapture of provision for credit losses, due to the improvement in our economic forecast of certain macroeconomic variables, which were impacted by COVID-19. In comparison, there was no provision for credit losses recorded in the fourth quarter of 2020, while the first quarter of 2020 included a $12.0 million provision for credit losses at the start of the pandemic. During the first quarter of 2021, we experienced credit charge-offs of $2.5 million and total recoveries of $88,000, resulting in net charge-offs of $2.4 million. Gross charge-offs during the first quarter include one commercial and industrial loan, previously rated substandard, that was charged-off in total for approximately $2.5 million. Of the 4,100 SBA PPP loans we originated in 2020, $582.8 million was outstanding at March 31, 2021. During the first quarter of 2021, the Company originated, approximately 1,500 PPP loans in round two, with a loan balance, at amortized cost, of $314.9 million at March 31, 2021. Interest and fee income from PPP loans was $10.4 million for the first quarter of 2021, compared to $10.5 million for the fourth quarter of 2020.

At March 31, 2021, total assets of $14.84 billion increased $421.1 million, or 2.92%, from total assets of $14.42 billion at December 31, 2020. Interest-earning assets of $13.62 billion at March 31, 2021 increased $399.9 million, or 3.02%, when compared with $13.22 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase in interest-earning assets was primarily due to a $921.8 million increase in investment securities, partially offset by a $450.3 million decrease in interest-earning balances due from the Federal Reserve, and a $55.8 million decrease in total loans.

Total investment securities were $3.90 billion at March 31, 2021, an increase of $921.8 million, or 30.96%, from $2.98 billion at December 31, 2020. In the first quarter of 2021, we purchased $1.23 billion of securities, with an average expected yield of approximately 1.57%. At March 31, 2021, investment securities held-to-maturity (“HTM”) totaled $1.09 billion. At March 31, 2021, investment securities available-for-sale (“AFS”) totaled $2.81 billion, inclusive of a net pre-tax unrealized gain of $14.4 million, which decreased $40.4 million from December 31, 2020. HTM securities increased by $508.4 million, or 87.86%, and AFS securities increased by $413.4 million, or 17.23%, from December 31, 2020. Our tax equivalent yield on investments was 1.65% for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, compared to 1.81% for the fourth quarter of 2020 and 2.45% for the first quarter of 2020.

Total loans and leases, net of deferred fees and discounts (amortized cost), of $8.29 billion at March 31, 2021 decreased by $55.8 million, or 0.67%, from December 31, 2020. The $55.8 million decrease in total loans included decreases of $100.1 million in dairy & livestock and agribusiness loans due to seasonal pay downs, $58.4 million in commercial and industrial loans, $15.1 million in SFR mortgage loans, and $7.3 million in other loans, partially offset by increases of $95.3 million in commercial real estate loans, $14.7 million in PPP loans, $11.2 million in construction loans, and $3.8 million in SBA loans. After adjusting for seasonality and PPP loans, our loans grew by $29.6 million, or 0.42%, from the end of the fourth quarter of 2020. Our yield on loans was 4.50% for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, compared to 4.56% for the fourth quarter of 2020 and 4.95% for the first quarter of 2020. The significant decline in interest rates since the start of the pandemic has had a negative impact on loan yields, which after excluding discount accretion, nonaccrual interest income, and the impact from PPP loans, declined by 15 basis points and 44 basis points compared to the fourth quarter and first quarter of 2020, respectively. Interest income for yield adjustments related to discount accretion on acquired loans was $4.0 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, compared to $4.3 million for the fourth quarter of 2020 and $4.8 million for the first quarter of 2020.

Noninterest-bearing deposits were $7.58 billion at March 31, 2021, an increase of $122.5 million, or 1.64%, when compared to December 31, 2020. At March 31, 2021, noninterest-bearing deposits were 62.74% of total deposits, compared to 63.52% at December 31, 2020. Our average cost of total deposits was 0.06% for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, compared to 0.09% for the fourth quarter of 2020 and 0.19% for the first quarter of 2020.

Customer repurchase agreements totaled $506.3 million at March 31, 2021, compared to $439.4 million at December 31, 2020. Our average cost of total deposits including customer repurchase agreements was 0.06% for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, compared to 0.09% for the fourth quarter of 2020 and 0.20% for the first quarter of 2020.

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At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had $5.0 million in short-term borrowings with 0% cost, compared to no borrowings at March 31, 2020. At March 31, 2021, we had $25.8 million of junior subordinated debentures, bearing interest at three-month LIBOR plus 1.38% and mature in 2036, which was unchanged from December 31, 2020. We plan to redeem these debentures, which had a cost of 1.60% during the first quarter of 2021, by the end of the second quarter of 2021. Our average cost of funds was 0.07% for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, 0.09% for the fourth quarter of 2020, and 0.21% for the first quarter of 2020.

The allowance for credit losses totaled $71.8 million at March 31, 2021, compared to $93.7 million at December 31, 2020. The allowance for credit losses for the first quarter of 2021 was decreased by $19.5 million due to the improved outlook in our forecast of certain macroeconomic variable that were influenced by the economic impact of the pandemic and government stimulus, and by $2.4 million in net charge-offs. At March 31, 2021, ACL as a percentage of total loans and leases outstanding was 0.87% or 0.97% when PPP loans are excluded. This compares to 1.12% at December 31, 2020, or 1.25% when PPP loans are excluded. As of March 31, 2021, total discounts on acquired loans were $26.9 million.

The Company’s total equity was $2.02 billion at March 31, 2021. This represented an increase of $12.7 million, or 0.63%, from total equity of $2.01 billion at December 31, 2020. This increase was primarily due to net earnings of $63.9 million, partially offset by a $28.4 million decrease in other comprehensive income resulting from the tax-effected impact of the decrease in market value of our available-for-sale investment securities portfolio and $24.5 million in cash dividends. Our tangible common equity ratio was 9.4% at March 31, 2021.

Our capital ratios under the revised capital framework referred to as Basel III remain well-above regulatory requirements. As of March 31, 2021, the Company’s Tier 1 leverage capital ratio totaled 9.83%, our common equity Tier 1 ratio totaled 14.87%, our Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio totaled 15.15%, and our total risk-based capital ratio totaled 16.05%. We did not elect to phase in the impact of CECL on regulatory capital, as allowed under the interim final rule of the FDIC and other U.S. banking agencies. Refer to our Analysis of Financial Condition – Capital Resources .

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ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Financial Performance

Three Months Ended<br><br><br>March 31, Variance
2021 2020 %
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net interest income $ 103,468 $ 102,306 1.14 %
Recapture of (provision for) credit losses 19,500 (12,000 ) 262.50 %
Noninterest income 13,681 11,640 17.53 %
Noninterest expense (47,163 ) (48,641 ) 3.04 %
Income taxes (25,593 ) (15,325 ) -67.00 %
Net earnings $ 63,893 $ 37,980 68.23 %
Earnings per common share:
Basic $ 0.47 $ 0.27
Diluted $ 0.47 $ 0.27
Return on average assets 1.79 % 1.34 %
Return on average shareholders’ equity 12.75 % 7.61 %
Efficiency ratio 40.26 % 42.69 %
Noninterest expense to average assets 1.32 % 1.72 %
Three Months Ended Variance
March 31,<br>2021 December 31,<br>2020 %
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net interest income $ 103,468 $ 105,853 -2.25 %
Recapture of credit losses 19,500 - -
Noninterest income 13,681 12,925 5.85 %
Noninterest expense (47,163 ) (48,276 ) 2.31 %
Income taxes (25,593 ) (20,446 ) -25.17 %
Net earnings $ 63,893 $ 50,056 27.64 %
Earnings per common share:
Basic $ 0.47 $ 0.37
Diluted $ 0.47 $ 0.37
Return on average assets 1.79 % 1.42 %
Return on average shareholders’ equity 12.75 % 9.92 %
Efficiency ratio 40.26 % 40.64 %
Noninterest expense to average assets 1.32 % 1.37 %

All values are in US Dollars.

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Return on Average Tangible Common Equity Reconciliation (Non-GAAP)

The return on average tangible common equity is a non-GAAP disclosure. The Company uses certain non-GAAP financial measures to provide supplemental information regarding the Company’s performance. The following is a reconciliation of net income, adjusted for tax-effected amortization of intangibles, to net income computed in accordance with GAAP; a reconciliation of average tangible common equity to the Company’s average stockholders’ equity computed in accordance with GAAP; as well as a calculation of return on average tangible common equity.

Three Months Ended
March 31,<br>2021 December 31,<br>2020 March 31,<br>2020
(Dollars in thousands)
Net Income $ 63,893 $ 50,056 $ 37,980
Add: Amortization of intangible assets 2,167 2,170 2,445
Less: Tax effect of amortization of intangible assets (1) (641 ) (642 ) (723 )
Tangible net income $ 65,419 $ 51,584 $ 39,702
Average stockholders’ equity $ 2,032,676 $ 2,007,640 $ 2,006,464
Less: Average goodwill (663,707 ) (663,707 ) (663,707 )
Less: Average intangible assets (32,590 ) (34,711 ) (41,732 )
Average tangible common equity $ 1,336,379 $ 1,309,222 $ 1,301,025
Return on average equity, annualized 12.75% 9.92% 7.61%
Return on average tangible common equity, annualized 19.85% 15.67% 12.27%
(1) Tax effected at respective statutory rates.
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Net Interest Income

The principal component of our earnings is net interest income, which is the difference between the interest and fees earned on loans and investments (interest-earning assets) and the interest paid on deposits and borrowed funds (interest-bearing liabilities). Net interest margin is net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets for the period. The level of interest rates and the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities impact net interest income and net interest margin. The net interest spread is the yield on average interest-earning assets minus the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities. Net interest margin and net interest spread are included on a tax equivalent (TE) basis by adjusting interest income utilizing the federal statutory tax rates of 21% in effect for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. Our net interest income, interest spread, and net interest margin are sensitive to general business and economic conditions. These conditions include short-term and long-term interest rates, inflation, monetary supply, and the strength of the international, national and state economies, in general, and more specifically, the local economies in which we conduct business. Our ability to manage net interest income during changing interest rate environments will have a significant impact on our overall performance. We manage net interest income through affecting changes in the mix of interest-earning assets as well as the mix of interest-bearing liabilities, changes in the level of interest-bearing liabilities in proportion to interest-earning assets, and in the growth and maturity of earning assets. See Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Asset/Liability and Market Risk Management – Interest Rate Sensitivity Management included herein.

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The table below presents the interest rate spread, net interest margin and the composition of average interest-earning assets and average interest-bearing liabilities by category for the periods indicated, including the changes in average balance, composition, and average yield/rate between these respective periods.

Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020
Average<br>Balance Interest Yield/<br>Rate Average<br>Balance Interest Yield/<br>Rate
(Dollars in thousands)
INTEREST-EARNING ASSETS
Investment securities (1)
Available-for-sale<br> securities:
Taxable $ 2,523,609 $ 8,968 1.47% $ 1,659,394 $ 9,825 2.37%
Tax-advantaged 30,158 191 3.02% 38,086 224 3.36%
Held-to-maturity<br> securities:
Taxable 580,478 2,811 1.95% 469,394 2,698 2.30%
Tax-advantaged 199,348 1,129 2.74% 189,522 1,300 3.32%
Investment in FHLB stock 17,688 217 4.98% 17,688 332 7.55%
Interest-earning deposits with other institutions 1,664,193 413 0.10% 261,041 613 0.94%
Loans (2) 8,270,282 91,795 4.50% 7,482,805 92,117 4.95%
Total interest-earning assets 13,285,756 105,524 3.24% 10,117,930 107,109 4.27%
Total noninterest-earning assets 1,220,899 1,257,870
Total assets $ 14,506,655 $ 11,375,800
INTEREST-BEARING LIABILITIES
Savings deposits (3) $ 4,026,248 1,198 0.12% $ 3,056,743 3,111 0.41%
Time deposits 408,034 614 0.61% 445,431 1,013 0.91%
Total interest-bearing deposits 4,434,282 1,812 0.17% 3,502,174 4,124 0.47%
FHLB advances, other borrowings, and customer repurchase agreements 590,170 244 0.17% 504,585 679 0.54%
Interest-bearing liabilities 5,024,452 2,056 0.17% 4,006,759 4,803 0.48%
Noninterest-bearing deposits 7,240,494 5,247,025
Other liabilities 209,033 115,552
Stockholders’ equity 2,032,676 2,006,464
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 14,506,655 $ 11,375,800
Net interest income $ 103,468 $ 102,306
Net interest spread—tax equivalent 3.07% 3.79%
Net interest margin 3.17% 4.06%
Net interest margin—tax equivalent 3.18% 4.08%
(1) Includes tax equivalent (TE) adjustments utilizing federal statutory rates of 21% in effect for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. The non TE rates were 1.62% and 2.38% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
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(2) Includes loan fees of $8.9 million and $548,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Prepayment penalty fees of $1.6 million and $1.5 million are included in interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
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(3) Includes interest-bearing demand and money market accounts.
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The following table presents a comparison of interest income and interest expense resulting from changes in the volumes and rates on average interest-earning assets and average interest-bearing liabilities for the periods indicated. Changes in interest income or expense attributable to volume changes are calculated by multiplying the change in volume by the initial average interest rate. The change in interest income or expense attributable to changes in interest rates is calculated by multiplying the change in interest rate by the initial volume. The changes attributable to interest rate and volume changes are calculated by multiplying the change in rate times the change in volume.

Rate and Volume Analysis for Changes in Interest Income, Interest Expense and Net Interest Income

Comparison of Three Months Ended March 31,<br> <br><br> <br>2021 Compared to 2020<br> <br><br> <br>Increase (Decrease) Due to
Volume Rate Rate/<br><br><br>Volume Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest income:
Available-for-sale<br> securities:
Taxable investment securities $ 4,541 $ (3,674 ) $ (1,724 ) $ (857 )
Tax-advantaged<br> investment securities (46 ) 17 (4 ) (33 )
Held-to-maturity<br> securities:
Taxable investment securities 609 (404 ) (92 ) 113
Tax-advantaged<br> investment securities 65 (224 ) (12 ) (171 )
Investment in FHLB stock - (115 ) - (115 )
Interest-earning deposits with other institutions 3,266 (543 ) (2,923 ) (200 )
Loans 9,232 (8,644 ) (910 ) (322 )
Total interest income 17,667 (13,587 ) (5,665 ) (1,585 )
Interest expense:
Savings deposits 972 (2,191 ) (694 ) (1,913 )
Time deposits (63 ) (250 ) (86 ) (399 )
FHLB advances, other borrowings, and customer repurchase agreements 113 (469 ) (79 ) (435 )
Total interest expense 1,022 (2,910 ) (859 ) (2,747 )
Net interest income $ 16,645 $ (10,677 ) $ (4,806 ) $ 1,162

First Quarter of 2021 Compared to the First Quarter of 2020

Net interest income, before provision for credit losses, of $103.5 million for the first quarter of 2021 increased $1.2 million, or 1.14%, compared to $102.3 million for the first quarter of 2020. Interest-earning assets increased on average by $3.17 billion, or 31.31%, from $10.12 billion for the first quarter of 2020 to $13.29 billion for the first quarter of 2021. Our net interest margin (TE) was 3.18% for the first quarter of 2021, compared to 4.08% for the first quarter of 2020.

Interest income for the first quarter of 2021 was $105.5 million, which represented a $1.6 million, or 1.48%, decrease when compared to the same period of 2020. Average interest-earning assets increased to $13.29 billion and the average interest-earning asset yield was 3.24% for the first quarter of 2021, compared to 4.27% for the first quarter of 2020. The 102 basis point decrease in the average interest-earning asset yield compared to the first quarter of 2020, was primarily due to a combination of a 45 basis point decrease in loan yields, a 76 basis point decrease in the non-tax equivalent investment yields, and a change in mix of average earning assets, with average balances at the Federal Reserve growing to 12.21% of earning assets for the first quarter of 2021, compared to 2.40% for the first quarter of 2020. The increase in balances at the Federal Reserve was impacted by $2.93 billion in average deposit growth compared to the first quarter of 2020. The net interest margin for the first quarter of 2021 would have been approximately 35 basis points higher without the $1.38 billion year-over-year increase in average deposits at the Federal Reserve, earning 10 basis points.

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Interest income and fees on loans for the first quarter of 2021 of $91.8 million decreased $322,000, or 0.35%, when compared to the first quarter of 2020. Average loans increased $787.5 million for the first quarter of 2021 when compared with the same period of 2020, primarily due to $880.7 million in average PPP loans. The PPP loans we originated resulted in the recognition of approximately $8.2 million in fee income and $2.2 million in loan interest during the first quarter of 2021. Discount accretion on acquired loans decreased by $748,000 compared to the first quarter of 2020. The significant decline in interest rates since the start of the pandemic has had a negative impact on loan yields, which after excluding the impact from PPP loans, discount accretion and nonaccrual interest income, declined by 44 basis points from the first quarter of 2020.

Interest income from investment securities was $13.1 million for the first quarter of 2021, a $948,000, or 6.75%, decrease from $14.0 million for the first quarter of 2020. This decrease was primarily the result of a 76 basis point decline in the non-tax equivalent yield on investments as the decline in interest rates over the past four quarters decreased yields on investment securities due to higher levels of premium amortization, as well as lower yields on investments purchased during the past four quarters. Partially offsetting the decline from lower rates was a $977.2 million increase in average investment securities for the first quarter of 2021, compared to the same period of 2020.

Interest expense of $2.1 million for the first quarter of 2021, decreased $2.7 million, or 57.19%, compared to the first quarter of 2020. The average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities decreased by 31 basis points, to 0.17% for the first quarter of 2021 from 0.48% for the first quarter of 2020. Average interest-bearing liabilities were $1.02 billion higher for the first quarter of 2021 when compared to the first quarter of 2020. On average, noninterest-bearing deposits were 62.02% of our total deposits for the first quarter of 2021, compared to 59.97% for the first quarter of 2020. In comparison to the first quarter of 2020, our overall cost of funds decreased by 14 basis points, partially due to growth in average noninterest-bearing deposits of $1.99 billion, compared to the increase in average interest-bearing deposits of $932.1 million. In addition, the cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased by 30 basis points for the first quarter of 2021 compared to the first quarter of 2020.

Provision for Credit Losses

The provision for credit losses is a charge to earnings to maintain the allowance for credit losses at a level consistent with management’s assessment of expected lifetime losses in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date.

The allowance for credit losses on loans totaled $71.8 million at March 31, 2021, compared to $93.7 million at December 31, 2020 and $82.6 million as of March 31, 2020. For the first quarter of 2021, we recaptured $19.5 million in provision for credit losses, due to the improved outlook in our forecast of certain macroeconomic variables that were influenced by the economic impact of the pandemic and government stimulus. For the first quarter of 2021, we experienced credit charge-offs of $2.5 million and total recoveries of $88,000, resulting in net charge-offs of $2.4 million. This compares to a $12.0 million credit loss provision and net recoveries of $141,000 for the same period of 2020. The ratio of the allowance for credit losses to total loans and leases outstanding, net of deferred fees and discount, as of March 31, 2021, was 0.87%, or 0.97% when PPP loans are excluded. This compares to 1.12% and 1.11%, as of December 31, 2020 and March 31, 2020, respectively. As of March 31, 2021, remaining discounts on acquired loans were $26.9 million. Refer to the discussion of “Allowance for Credit Losses” in Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained herein for discussion concerning observed changes in the credit quality of various components of our loan portfolio as well as changes and refinements to our methodology.

No assurance can be given that economic conditions which affect the Company’s service areas or other circumstances will or will not be reflected in future changes in the level of our allowance for credit losses and the resulting provision or recapture of provision for credit losses. The process to estimate the allowance for credit losses requires considerable judgment and our economic forecasts may continue to vary due to the uncertainty of the future impact of the pandemic on our business and customers. See “Allowance for Credit Losses” under Analysis of Financial Condition herein.

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Noninterest Income

Noninterest income includes income derived from financial services offered, such as CitizensTrust, BankCard services, international banking, and other business services. Also included in noninterest income are service charges and fees, primarily from deposit accounts, gains (net of losses) from the disposition of investment securities, loans, other real estate owned, and fixed assets, and other revenues not included as interest on earning assets.

The following table sets forth the various components of noninterest income for the periods presented.

Three Months Ended    <br>March 31, Variance
2021 2020 %
(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts $ 3,985 $ 4,776 ) -16.56%
Trust and investment services 2,611 2,420 7.89%
Bankcard services 350 577 ) -39.34%
BOLI income 4,624 2,059 124.58%
Swap fee income 215 373 ) -42.36%
Gain on OREO, net 429 10 4190.00%
Other 1,467 1,425 2.95%
Total noninterest income $ 13,681 $ 11,640 17.53%

All values are in US Dollars.

First Quarter of 2021 Compared to the First Quarter of 2020

The $2.0 million increase in noninterest income was primarily due to a $2.6 million increase in BOLI income and a $399,000 gain on the sale of one OREO property in the first quarter of 2021, partially offset by a $791,000 decrease in service charges on deposit accounts. This decrease was primarily due to the offset of fees due to higher earnings credits generated by the significant increase in our customer’s noninterest-bearing deposits held at the Bank when compared to the first quarter of 2020.

The Bank enters into interest rate swap agreements with our customers to manage our interest rate risk and enters into identical offsetting swaps with a counterparty. The changes in the fair value of the swaps primarily offset each other resulting in swap fee income (refer to Note 8 – Derivative Financial Instruments of the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of this report for additional information). The first quarter of 2021 included lower swap fee income of $158,000 compared to the first quarter of 2020, due to lower volume of swap transactions. The steepening of the yield curve has made it less attractive for our customers to enter into interest rates swaps that convert floating rate loans to fixed rate instruments, compared to a conventional fixed rate loan. We executed on swap agreements related to new loan originations with a notional amount totaling $15.4 million for the first quarter of 2021, compared to $23.3 million for the first quarter of 2020.

CitizensTrust consists of Wealth Management and Investment Services income. The Wealth Management group provides a variety of services, which include asset management, financial planning, estate planning, retirement planning, private and corporate trustee services, and probate services. Investment Services provides self-directed brokerage, 401(k) plans, mutual funds, insurance and other non-insured investment products. At March 31, 2021, CitizensTrust had approximately $3.10 billion in assets under management and administration, including $2.29 billion in assets under management. CitizensTrust generated fees of $2.6 million for the first quarter of 2021, compared to $2.4 million for the first quarter of 2020, due to the growth in assets under management and investment services.

The Bank’s investment in BOLI includes life insurance policies acquired through acquisitions and the purchase of life insurance by the Bank on a select group of employees. The Bank is the owner and beneficiary of these policies. BOLI is recorded as an asset at its cash surrender value. Increases in the cash value of these policies, as well as insurance proceeds received, are recorded in noninterest income and are not subject to income tax, as long as they are held for the life of the covered parties. Income from our BOLI policies for the first quarter of 2021 included $3.5 million in death benefits that exceeded cash surrender values of certain BOLI policies, compared to $715,000 in death benefits for the first quarter of 2020.

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Noninterest Expense

The following table summarizes the various components of noninterest expense for the periods presented.

Three Months Ended  <br>March 31, Variance
2021 2020 %
(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits $ 29,706 $ 30,877 -3.79%
Occupancy 4,107 3,803 7.99%
Equipment 756 1,034 -26.89%
Professional services 2,168 2,256 -3.90%
Computer software expense 2,844 2,816 0.99%
Marketing and promotion 725 1,555 -53.38%
Amortization of intangible assets 2,167 2,445 -11.37%
Telecommunications expense 552 636 -13.21%
Regulatory assessments 1,059 148 615.54%
Insurance 453 406 11.58%
Loan expense 238 257 -7.39%
OREO expense 9 258 -96.51%
Directors’ expenses 379 351 7.98%
Stationery and supplies 244 285 -14.39%
Other 1,756 1,514 15.98%
Total noninterest expense $ 47,163 $ 48,641 -3.04%
Noninterest expense to average assets 1.32% 1.72%
Efficiency ratio (1) 40.26% 42.69%

All values are in US Dollars.

(1) Noninterest expense divided by net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income.

Our ability to control noninterest expenses in relation to asset growth can be measured in terms of total noninterest expenses as a percentage of average assets. Noninterest expense as a percentage of average assets was 1.32% for the first quarter of 2021, compared to 1.72% for the first quarter of 2020. The decline in this ratio for 2021 reflects the $3.13 billion growth in average assets that resulted primarily from $2.93 billion in average deposit growth.

Our ability to control noninterest expenses in relation to the level of total revenue (net interest income before provision for credit losses plus noninterest income) can be measured by the efficiency ratio and indicates the percentage of net revenue that is used to cover expenses. The efficiency ratio was 40.26% for the first quarter of 2021, compared to 42.69% for the first quarter of 2020.

First Quarter of 2021 Compared to the First Quarter of 2020

Noninterest expense of $47.2 million for the first quarter of 2021 was $1.5 million, or 3.04%, lower than the first quarter of 2020. Salaries and employee benefits declined by $1.2 million from the first quarter of 2020, as deferred loan origination costs, which are a contra expense, increased by $1.0 million due primarily to the origination of more than 1,500 PPP loans in the first quarter of 2021. Additionally, marketing and promotion expense declined by $830,000, partly due to restrictions resulting from the pandemic. An increase of $911,000 in regulatory assessment expense in the first quarter of 2021, compared to the prior year quarter, resulted from the final application of assessment credits provided by the FDIC at the end of the second quarter of 2020.

Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was 28.60%, compared to 28.75% for the same period of 2020. Our estimated annual effective tax rate varies depending upon the level of tax-advantaged income as well as available tax credits.

The Company’s effective tax rates are below the nominal combined Federal and State tax rate primarily as a result of tax-advantaged income from certain municipal security investments, municipal loans and leases and BOLI, as well as available tax credits for each period.

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ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

Total assets of $14.84 billion at March 31, 2021 increased $421.1 million, or 2.92%, from total assets of $14.42 billion at December 31, 2020. Interest-earning assets totaled $13.62 billion at March 31, 2021, an increase of $399.9 million, or 3.02%, when compared with $13.22 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase in interest-earning assets was primarily due to a $921.8 million increase in investment securities, partially offset by a $450.3 million decrease in interest-earning balances due from the Federal Reserve, and a $55.8 million decrease in total loans. During the first quarter of 2021, we originated approximately 1,500 SBA PPP loans in round two, with a loan balance, at amortized cost, of $314.9 million at March 31, 2021. Of the 4,100 PPP loans we originated in 2020, $582.8 million remained outstanding at March 31, 2021. Excluding PPP loans, total loans declined by $70.5 million, or 0.94%, from December 31, 2020.

Total liabilities were $12.82 billion at March 31, 2021, an increase of $408.4 million, or 3.29%, from total liabilities of $12.41 billion at December 31, 2020. Total deposits grew by $342.2 million, or 2.92%. Total equity increased $12.7 million, or 0.63%, to $2.02 billion at March 31, 2021, compared to total equity of $2.01 billion at December 31, 2020. The $12.7 million increase in equity was primarily due to net earnings of $63.9 million during the first quarter of 2021, partially offset by a $28.4 million decrease in other comprehensive income from the tax-effected impact of the decrease in market value of available-for-sale securities and $24.5 million in cash dividends.

Investment Securities

The Company maintains a portfolio of investment securities to provide interest income and to serve as a source of liquidity for its ongoing operations. At March 31, 2021, total investment securities were $3.90 billion. This represented an increase of $921.8 million, or 30.96%, from total investment securities of $2.98 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase in investment securities was primarily due to new securities purchased exceeding cash outflow from the portfolio in the first quarter of 2021. At March 31, 2021, investment securities HTM totaled $1.09 billion. At March 31, 2021, our AFS investment securities totaled $2.81 billion, inclusive of a pre-tax net unrealized gain of $14.4 million. The after-tax unrealized gain reported in AOCI on AFS investment securities was $10.1 million. The changes in the net unrealized holding gain resulted primarily from fluctuations in market interest rates. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, repayments/maturities of investment securities totaled $259.9 million and $128.2 million, respectively. The Company purchased additional investment securities totaling $1.23 billion and $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The current quarter purchases included $682.9 million in AFS securities that were comprised of MBS with average lives of less than five years that are expected to yield approximately 1.37%. Additionally, we purchased $545.7 million dollars in HTM securities that were comprised of fixed rate agency and municipal bonds, with longer maturities that on average exceed ten years. On a non-tax equivalent basis, these securities will generate a yield of approximately 1.81%. There were no investment securities sold during the first three months of 2021 and 2020.

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The tables below set forth our investment securities AFS and HTM portfolio by type for the dates presented.

March 31, 2021
Amortized  <br>Cost Gross<br>  Unrealized  <br>Holding<br>Gain Gross<br>  Unrealized  <br>Holding<br><br><br>Loss Fair Value Total Percent
(Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities <br>available-for-sale:
Mortgage-backed securities $ 2,175,414 $ 38,333 $ (22,409 ) $ 2,191,338 77.92%
CMO/REMIC 592,915 4,072 (6,821 ) 590,166 20.99%
Municipal bonds 28,703 1,183 - 29,886 1.06%
Other securities 958 - - 958 0.03%
Total <br>available-for-sale<br> securities $ 2,797,990 $ 43,588 $ (29,230 ) $ 2,812,348 100.00%
Investment securities <br>held-to-maturity:
Government agency/GSE $ 601,142 $ 3,860 $ (16,289 ) $ 588,713 55.30%
Mortgage-backed securities 135,137 5,348 (255 ) 140,230 12.43%
CMO/REMIC 133,556 2,832 - 136,388 12.29%
Municipal bonds 217,149 5,095 (2,094 ) 220,150 19.98%
Total <br>held-to-maturity<br> securities $ 1,086,984 $ 17,135 $ (18,638 ) $ 1,085,481 100.00%
December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Amortized  <br>Cost Gross<br>  Unrealized  <br>Holding<br>Gain Gross<br>  Unrealized  <br>Holding<br><br><br>Loss Fair Value Total Percent
(Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities <br>available-for-sale:
Mortgage-backed securities $ 1,857,030 $ 48,006 $ (101 ) $ 1,904,935 79.41%
CMO/REMIC 457,548 5,515 (249 ) 462,814 19.29%
Municipal bonds 28,707 1,578 - 30,285 1.26%
Other securities 889 - - 889 0.04%
Total <br>available-for-sale<br> securities $ 2,344,174 $ 55,099 $ (350 ) $ 2,398,923 100.00%
Investment securities <br>held-to-maturity:
Government agency/GSE $ 98,663 $ 5,877 $ - $ 104,540 17.05%
Mortgage-backed securities 146,382 7,644 (32 ) 153,994 25.30%
CMO/REMIC 145,309 5,202 - 150,511 25.11%
Municipal bonds 188,272 6,980 (74 ) 195,178 32.54%
Total <br>held-to-maturity<br> securities $ 578,626 $ 25,703 $ (106 ) $ 604,223 100.00%

As of March 31, 2021, approximately $60.6 million in U.S. government agency bonds are callable. The Agency CMO/REMIC securities are backed by agency-pooled collateral. Municipal bonds, which represented approximately 6% of the total investment portfolio, are predominately AA or higher rated securities.

.

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The following table presents the Company’s available-for-sale investment securities, by investment category, in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

March 31, 2021
Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
Fair Value Gross<br><br><br>Unrealized<br><br><br>Holding<br><br><br>Losses Fair Value Gross<br><br><br>Unrealized<br><br><br>Holding<br><br><br>Losses Fair Value Gross<br><br><br>Unrealized<br><br><br>Holding<br><br><br>Losses
(Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities <br>available-for-sale:
Mortgage-backed securities $ 1,327,126 $ (22,409 ) $ - $ - $ 1,327,126 $ (22,409 )
CMO/REMIC 422,765 (6,821 ) - - 422,765 (6,821 )
Municipal bonds - - - - - -
Total <br>available-for-sale<br> securities $ 1,749,891 $ (29,230 ) $ - $ - $ 1,749,891 $ (29,230 )
December 31, 2020
Less Than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
Fair Value Gross<br>  Unrealized  <br>Holding<br>Losses Fair Value Gross<br>  Unrealized  <br>Holding<br>Losses Fair Value Gross<br>  Unrealized  <br>Holding<br>Losses
(Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities <br>available-for-sale:
Mortgage-backed securities $ 72,219 $ (101 ) $ - $ - $ 72,219 $ (101 )
CMO/REMIC 96,974 (249 ) - - 96,974 (249 )
Municipal bonds - - - - - -
Total <br>available-for-sale<br> securities $ 169,193 $ (350 ) $ - $ - $ 169,193 $ (350 )

Once it is determined that a credit loss has occurred, an allowance for credit losses is established on our available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities. Management determined that credit losses did not exist for securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

Refer to Note 4 – Investment Securities of the notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of this report for additional information on our investment securities portfolio.

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Loans

Total loans and leases, at amortized cost, of $8.29 billion at March 31, 2021 decreased by $55.8 million, or 0.67%, from December 31, 2020. The $55.8 million decrease in total loans included decreases of $100.1 million in dairy & livestock and agribusiness loans due to seasonal pay downs, $58.4 million in commercial and industrial loans, $15.1 million in SFR mortgage loans, and $7.3 million in other loans, partially offset by increases of $95.3 million in commercial real estate loans, $14.7 million in PPP loans, $11.2 million in construction loans, and $3.8 million SBA loans. After adjusting for seasonality and PPP loans, our loans grew by $29.6 million or 0.42% from December 31, 2020.

The following table presents our loan portfolio by type as of the dates presented.

Distribution of Loan Portfolio by Type

March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate $ 5,596,781 $ 5,501,509
Construction 96,356 85,145
SBA 307,727 303,896
SBA - Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) 897,724 882,986
Commercial and industrial 753,708 812,062
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness 261,088 361,146
Municipal lease finance receivables 42,349 45,547
SFR mortgage 255,400 270,511
Consumer and other loans 81,924 86,006
Total loans, at amortized cost 8,293,057 8,348,808
Less: Allowance for credit losses (71,805 ) (93,692 )
Total loans and lease finance receivables, net $ 8,221,252 $ 8,255,116

As of March 31, 2021, $327.4 million, or 5.85% of the total commercial real estate loans included loans secured by farmland, compared to $314.4 million, or 5.72%, at December 31, 2020. The loans secured by farmland included $129.2 million for loans secured by dairy & livestock land and $198.1 million for loans secured by agricultural land at March 31, 2021, compared to $132.9 million for loans secured by dairy & livestock land and $181.5 million for loans secured by agricultural land at December 31, 2020. As of March 31, 2021, dairy & livestock and agribusiness loans of $261.1 million were comprised of $229.1 million for dairy & livestock loans and $31.9 million for agribusiness loans, compared to $320.1 million for dairy & livestock loans and $41.0 million for agribusiness loans at December 31, 2020.

Real estate loans are loans secured by conforming trust deeds on real property, including property under construction, land development, commercial property and single-family and multi-family residences. Our real estate loans are comprised of industrial, office, retail, medical, single family residences, multi-family residences, and farmland. Consumer loans include installment loans to consumers as well as home equity loans, auto and equipment leases and other loans secured by junior liens on real property. Municipal lease finance receivables are leases to municipalities. Dairy & livestock and agribusiness loans are loans to finance the operating needs of wholesale dairy farm operations, cattle feeders, livestock raisers and farmers.

As of March 31, 2021, the Company had $200.5 million of total SBA 504 loans. SBA 504 loans include term loans to finance capital expenditures and for the purchase of commercial real estate. Initially the Bank provides two separate loans to the borrower representing a first and second lien on the collateral. The loan with the first lien is typically at a 50% advance to the acquisition costs and the second lien loan provides the financing for 40% of the acquisition costs with the borrower’s down payment of 10% of the acquisition costs. The Bank retains the first lien loan for its term and sells the second lien loan to the SBA subordinated debenture program. A majority of the Bank’s 504 loans are granted for the purpose of commercial real estate acquisition. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had $107.2 million of total SBA 7(a) loans that include a guarantee of payment from the SBA (typically 75% of the loan amount, but up to 90% in certain cases) in the event of default. The SBA 7(a) loans include revolving lines of credit (SBA Express) and term loans of up to ten (10) years to finance long-term working capital requirements, capital expenditures, and/or for the purchase or refinance of commercial real estate.

As an active participant in the SBA’s Paycheck Protection Program, we originated approximately 4,100 PPP loans totaling $1.10 billion, with a remaining outstanding balance of $582.8 million as of March 31, 2021. As of March 31, 2021, we have originated approximately 1,500 PPP loans in round two with a loan balance, at amortized cost, of $314.9 million.

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As of March 31, 2021, the Company had $96.4 million in construction loans. This represents 1.16% of total loans held-for-investment. Although our construction loans are located throughout our market footprint, the majority of construction loans consist of commercial land development and construction projects in Los Angeles County, Orange County, and the Inland Empire region of Southern California. There were no nonperforming construction loans at March 31, 2021.

Our loan portfolio is geographically disbursed throughout our marketplace. The following is the breakdown of our total held-for-investment commercial real estate loans, by region as of March 31, 2021.

March 31, 2021
Total Loans Commercial Real Estate<br><br><br>Loans
(Dollars in thousands)
Los Angeles County $ 3,549,896 42.8% $ 2,232,034 39.9%
Central Valley 1,344,718 16.2% 1,028,703 18.4%
Inland Empire 1,168,494 14.1% 865,648 15.5%
Orange County 1,083,075 13.1% 679,585 12.1%
Central Coast 492,532 5.9% 366,547 6.5%
San Diego 232,277 2.8% 170,091 3.0%
Other California 137,582 1.7% 87,463 1.6%
Out of State 284,483 3.4% 166,710 3.0%
$ 8,293,057 100.0% $ 5,596,781 100.0%

The table below breaks down our commercial real estate portfolio.

March 31, 2021
Loan Balance Percent Percent<br><br><br>Owner-<br>    Occupied (1) Average<br>Loan<br><br><br>Balance
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial real estate:
Industrial $ 1,915,437 34.2% 52.4% $ 1,434
Office 1,025,167 18.3% 24.2% 1,635
Retail 793,485 14.2% 13.0% 1,714
Multi-family 605,110 10.8% 2.0% 1,548
Secured by farmland (2) 327,363 5.8% 96.6% 2,154
Medical 293,909 5.3% 42.6% 1,729
Other (3) 636,310 11.4% 57.4% 1,398
Total commercial real estate $ 5,596,781 100.0% 38.8% $ 1,557
(1) Represents percentage of reported owner-occupied at origination in each real estate loan category.
--- ---
(2) The loans secured by farmland included $129.2 million for loans secured by dairy & livestock land and $198.1 million for loans secured by agricultural land at March 31, 2021.
--- ---
(3) Other loans consist of a variety of loan types, none of which exceeds 2.0% of total commercial real estate loans at March 31, 2021.
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Nonperforming Assets

The following table provides information on nonperforming assets as of the dates presented.

March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans $ 13,769 $ 14,347
Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest - -
Nonperforming troubled debt restructured loans (TDRs) - -
Total nonperforming loans 13,769 14,347
OREO, net 1,575 3,392
Total nonperforming assets $ 15,344 $ 17,739
Performing TDRs $ 5,813 $ 2,159
Total nonperforming loans and performing TDRs $ 19,582 $ 16,506
Percentage of nonperforming loans and performing TDRs to total loans, net of deferred fees 0.24 % 0.20 %
Percentage of nonperforming assets to total loans, net of deferred fees, and OREO 0.18 % 0.21 %
Percentage of nonperforming assets to total assets 0.10 % 0.12 %

Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”)

Total TDRs were $5.8 million at March 31, 2021, compared to $2.2 million at December 31, 2020. At March 31, 2021, all of our TDRs were performing and accruing interest as restructured loans. Our performing TDRs were generally provided a modification of loan repayment terms in response to borrower financial difficulties. The performing restructured loans represent the only loans accruing interest at each respective reporting date. A performing restructured loan is categorized as such if we believe that it is reasonably assured of repayment and is performing in accordance with the modified terms.

The following table provides a summary of TDRs as of the dates presented.

March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
Balance Number of<br>Loans Balance Number of<br>Loans
(Dollars in thousands)
Performing TDRs:
Commercial real estate $ 294 1 $ 320 1
Construction - - - -
SBA - - - -
Commercial and industrial 4,482 3 43 1
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness - - - -
SFR mortgage 1,037 5 1,796 7
Consumer and other - - - -
Total performing TDRs $ 5,813 9 $ 2,159 9
Nonperforming TDRs:
Commercial real estate $ - - $ - -
Construction - - - -
SBA - - - -
Commercial and industrial - - - -
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness - - - -
SFR mortgage - - - -
Consumer and other - - - -
Total nonperforming TDRs $ - - $ - -
Total TDRs $ 5,813 9 $ 2,159 9

At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there was no ACL allocated to TDRs. Impairment amounts identified are typically charged off against the allowance at the time the loan is considered uncollectible. There were no charge-offs on TDRs for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

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Nonperforming Assets and Delinquencies

The table below provides trends in our nonperforming assets and delinquencies as of the dates presented.

March 31,<br>2021 December 31,<br>2020 September 30,<br>2020 June 30,<br>2020 March 31,<br>2020
(Dollars in thousands)
Nonperforming loans (1):
Commercial real estate $ 7,395 $ 7,563 $ 6,481 $ 2,628 $ 947
Construction - - - - -
SBA 2,412 2,273 1,724 1,598 2,748
Commercial and industrial 2,967 3,129 1,822 1,222 1,703
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness 259 785 849 - -
SFR mortgage 424 430 675 1,080 864
Consumer and other loans 312 167 224 289 166
Total $ 13,769 $ 14,347 $ 11,775 $ 6,817 $ 6,428
% of Total loans 0.17% 0.17% 0.14% 0.08% 0.09%
Past due <br>30-89<br> days:
Commercial real estate $ 178 $ - $ - $ 4 $ 210
Construction - - - - -
SBA 258 1,965 66 214 3,086
Commercial and industrial 952 1,101 3,627 630 665
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness - - - 882 166
SFR mortgage 266 - - 446 233
Consumer and other loans 21 - 67 413 -
Total $ 1,675 $ 3,066 $ 3,760 $ 2,589 $ 4,360
% of Total loans 0.02% 0.04% 0.04% 0.03% 0.06%
OREO:
Commercial real estate $ 1,575 $ 1,575 $ 1,575 $ 2,275 $ 2,275
SBA - - 797 797 797
SFR mortgage - 1,817 1,817 1,817 1,817
Total $ 1,575 $ 3,392 $ 4,189 $ 4,889 $ 4,889
Total nonperforming, past due, and OREO $ 17,019 $ 20,805 $ 19,724 $ 14,295 $ 15,677
% of Total loans 0.21% 0.25% 0.23% 0.17% 0.21%
(1) As of June 30, 2020, nonperforming loans included $25,000 of commercial and industrial loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest.
--- ---

Nonperforming loans, defined as nonaccrual loans, nonperforming TDR loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest, were $13.8 million at March 31, 2021, or 0.17% of total loans. This compares to nonperforming loans of $14.3 million, or 0.17% of total loans, at December 31, 2020 and $6.4 million, or 0.09% of total loans, at March 31, 2020. The $578,000 quarter-over-quarter decrease in nonperforming loans was primarily due to decreases of $526,000 in nonperforming dairy & livestock and agribusiness loans, $168,000 in commercial real estate loans, and $162,000 in nonperforming commercial and industrial loans. This was partially offset by a $145,000 increase in nonperforming consumer and other loans and a $139,000 increase in SBA loans.

At March 31, 2021, we had one OREO property with a carrying value of $1.6 million, compared to two OREO properties with a carrying value of $3.4 million at December 31, 2020 and four OREO properties with a carrying value of $4.9 million at March 31, 2020. We recognized a $399,000 gain on the sale of one OREO property in the first quarter of 2021. There were no additions to or sales of OREO properties for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Changes in economic and business conditions have had an impact on our market area and on our loan portfolio. We continually monitor these conditions in determining our estimates of needed reserves. However, we cannot predict the extent to which the deterioration in general economic conditions, real estate values, changes in general rates of interest and changes in the financial conditions or business of a borrower may adversely affect a specific borrower’s ability to pay or the value of our collateral. See “ Risk Management – Credit Risk Management ” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended  December 31, 2020.

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Allowance for Credit Losses

We adopted CECL on January 1, 2020, which replaces the “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model over the life of the loan, as further described in Note 3— Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the notes contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. The allowance for credit losses totaled $71.8 million as of March 31, 2021, compared to $93.7 million as of December 31, 2020 and $82.6 million as of March 31, 2020. Our allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2021 was 0.87%, or 0.97% of total loans when excluding the $897.7 million in PPP loans. The first quarter of 2021 included a $19.5 million recapture of provision for credit losses as a result of the improvement in our economic forecast. The Company previously recorded provision for credit losses totaling $23.5 million in 2020, due to the severe decline in economic forecasts associated with the pandemic. Net charge-offs were $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. This compares to a $12.0 million credit loss provision and $141,000 in net recoveries for the same period of 2020.

The allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2021 is based upon lifetime loss rate models developed from an estimation framework that uses historical lifetime loss experiences to derive loss rates at a collective pool level. We measure the expected credit losses on a collective (pooled) basis for those loans that share similar risk characteristics. We have three collective loan pools: Commercial Real Estate, Commercial and Industrial, and Consumer. Our ACL amounts are largely driven by portfolio characteristics, including loss history and various risk attributes, and the economic outlook for certain macroeconomic variables. Risk attributes for commercial real estate loans include OLTV, origination year, loan seasoning, and macroeconomic variables that include GDP growth, commercial real estate price index and unemployment rate. Risk attributes for commercial and industrial loans include internal risk ratings, borrower industry sector, loan credit spreads and macroeconomic variables that include unemployment rate and BBB spread. The macroeconomic variables for Consumer include unemployment rate and GDP. The Commercial Real Estate methodology is applied over commercial real estate loans, a portion of construction loans, and a portion of SBA loans (excluding Payment Protection Program loans). The Commercial and Industrial methodology is applied over a substantial portion of the Company’s commercial and industrial loans, all dairy & livestock and agribusiness loans, municipal lease receivables, as well as the remaining portion of Small Business Administration (SBA) loans (excluding Payment Protection Program loans). The Consumer methodology is applied to SFR mortgage loans, consumer loans, as well as the remaining construction loans. In addition to determining the quantitative life of loan loss rate to be applied against the portfolio segments, management reviews current conditions and forecasts to determine whether adjustments are needed to ensure that the life of loan loss rates reflect both the current state of the portfolio, and expectations for macroeconomic changes.

Based on the magnitude of government economic stimulus and the wide availability of vaccines, our latest economic forecast reflects improvements in key macroeconomic variables, particularly the commercial real estate price index and the unemployment rate. Our economic forecast continues to be a blend of multiple forecasts produced by Moody’s, including Moody’s baseline forecast, as well as upside and downside forecasts. Our forecast at the end of the first quarter of 2021, assumes GDP will increase by 4.0% in 2021 and then grow by 3.2% in 2022 and 2.8% in 2023. The forecast for the unemployment rate is 6.4% in 2021, 6.3% in 2022 and 5.5% in 2023. Management believes that the ACL was appropriate at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. As there is a high degree of uncertainty around the epidemiological assumptions and impact of government responses to the pandemic that impact our economic forecast, no assurance can be given that economic conditions that adversely affect the Company’s service areas or other circumstances will not be reflected in an increased allowance for credit losses in future periods.

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The table below presents a summary of charge-offs and recoveries by type, the provision for credit losses on loans, and the resulting allowance for credit losses for the periods presented.

As of and For the<br><br><br>Three Months Ended<br><br><br>March 31,
2021 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
Allowance for credit losses at beginning of period $ 93,692 $ 68,660
Impact of adopting ASU <br>2016-13 - 1,840
Charge-offs:
Commercial real estate - -
Construction - -
SBA - -
Commercial and industrial (2,475) -
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness - -
SFR mortgage - -
Consumer and other loans - (86)
Total charge-offs (2,475) (86)
Recoveries:
Commercial real estate - -
Construction 3 3
SBA 4 -
Commercial and industrial 2 2
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness - -
SFR mortgage 79 206
Consumer and other loans - 16
Total recoveries 88 227
Net (charge-offs) recoveries (2,387) 141
(Recapture of) provision for credit losses (19,500) 12,000
Allowance for credit losses at end of period $ 71,805 $ 82,641
Summary of reserve for unfunded loan commitments:
Reserve for unfunded loan commitments at beginning of period $ 9,000 $ 8,959
Impact of adopting ASU <br>2016-13 - 41
Provision for unfunded loan commitments - -
Reserve for unfunded loan commitments at end of period $ 9,000 $ 9,000
Reserve for unfunded loan commitments to total unfunded loan commitments 0.48% 0.56%
Amount of total loans at end of period (1) $ 8,293,057 $ 7,466,152
Average total loans outstanding (1) $ 8,270,282 $ 7,482,805
Net (charge-offs) recoveries to average total loans -0.029% 0.002%
Net (charge-offs) recoveries to total loans at end of period -0.029% 0.002%
Allowance for credit losses to average total loans 0.87% 1.10%
Allowance for credit losses to total loans at end of period 0.87% 1.11%
Net (charge-offs) recoveries to allowance for credit losses -3.32% 0.17%
Net (charge-offs) recoveries to (recapature of ) provision for credit losses 12.24% 1.18%
(1) Net of deferred loan origination fees, costs and discounts (amortized cost).
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The ACL/Total Loan Coverage Ratio as of March 31, 2021 decreased to 0.87%, compared to 1.11% as of March 31, 2020 due to the forecasted impact of improved economic conditions on future life of loan.

The Bank’s ACL methodology also produced an allowance of $9.0 million for our off-balance sheet credit exposures as of March 31, 2021, which was unchanged from the allowance at March 31, 2020.

While we believe that the allowance at March 31, 2021 was appropriate to absorb losses from known or inherent risks in the portfolio, no assurance can be given that economic conditions, interest rate fluctuations, conditions of our borrowers (including fraudulent activity), or natural disasters, which adversely affect our service areas or other circumstances or conditions, including those defined above, will not be reflected in increased provisions for credit losses in the future.

Deposits

The primary source of funds to support earning assets (loans and investments) is the generation of deposits.

Total deposits were $12.08 billion at March 31, 2021. This represented an increase of $342.2 million, or 2.92%, over total deposits of $11.74 billion at December 31, 2020. The composition of deposits is summarized as of the dates presented in the table below.

March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
Balance Percent Balance Percent
(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest-bearing deposits $ 7,577,839 62.74% $ 7,455,387 63.52%
Interest-bearing deposits
Investment checking 567,062 4.69% 517,976 4.42%
Money market 2,996,378 24.81% 2,869,348 24.45%
Savings 530,046 4.39% 492,096 4.19%
Time deposits 407,330 3.37% 401,694 3.42%
Total deposits $ 12,078,655 100.00% $ 11,736,501 100.00%

The amount of noninterest-bearing deposits in relation to total deposits is an integral element in our strategy of seeking to achieve a low cost of funds. Noninterest-bearing deposits totaled $7.58 billion at March 31, 2021, representing an increase of $122.5 million, or 1.64%, from noninterest-bearing deposits of $7.46 billion at December 31, 2020. Noninterest-bearing deposits represented 62.74% of total deposits at March 31, 2021, compared to 63.52% of total deposits at December 31, 2020.

Savings deposits, which include savings, interest-bearing demand, and money market accounts, totaled $4.09 billion at March 31, 2021, representing an increase of $214.1 million, or 5.52%, from savings deposits of $3.88 billion at December 31, 2020.

Time deposits totaled $407.3 million at March 31, 2021, representing an increase of $5.6 million, or 1.40%, from total time deposits of $401.7 million for December 31, 2020.

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Borrowings

We offer a repurchase agreement product to our customers. This product, known as Citizens Sweep Manager, sells our investment securities overnight to our customers under an agreement to repurchase them the next day at a price that reflects the market value of the use of funds by the Bank for the period concerned. These repurchase agreements are signed with customers who want to invest their excess deposits, above a pre-determined balance in a demand deposit account, in order to earn interest. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, total funds borrowed under these agreements were $506.3 million and $439.4 million, respectively, with a weighted average interest rate of 0.09% and 0.10%, respectively.

At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had $5.0 million in short-term borrowings that were interest-free advances from the FHLB, compared to no borrowings at March 31, 2020.

At December 31, 2020, our junior subordinated debentures of $25.8 million represent the amounts that are due from the Company to CVB Statutory Trust III. The debentures have the same maturity as the Trust Preferred Securities. These debentures bear interest at three-month LIBOR plus 1.38% and mature in 2036.

At March 31, 2021, $6.07 billion of loans and $1.92 billion of investment securities, at carrying value, were pledged to secure public deposits, short and long-term borrowings, and for other purposes as required or permitted by law.

Aggregate Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes the aggregate contractual obligations as of March 31, 2021.

Maturity by Period
Total Less Than<br><br><br>One<br><br><br>Year One Year<br>Through<br>Three Years Four Years<br>Through<br>Five Years Over<br>Five<br>Years
(Dollars in thousands)
Deposits (1) $ 12,078,655 $ 12,041,777 $ 26,966 $ 9,293 $ 619
Customer repurchase agreements (1) 506,346 506,346 - - -
Junior subordinated debentures (1) 25,774 - - - 25,774
Deferred compensation 22,482 674 956 622 20,230
Operating leases 23,491 6,757 9,555 5,173 2,006
Affordable housing investment 1,950 1,859 55 30 6
Total $ 12,658,698 $ 12,557,413 $ 37,532 $ 15,118 $ 48,635
(1) Amounts exclude accrued interest.
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Deposits represent noninterest-bearing, money market, savings, NOW, certificates of deposits, brokered and all other deposits held by the Bank.

Customer repurchase agreements represent excess amounts swept from customer demand deposit accounts, which mature the following business day and are collateralized by investment securities. These amounts are due to customers.

Junior subordinated debentures represent the amounts that are due from the Company to CVB Statutory Trust III. These debentures bear interest at three-month LIBOR plus 1.38% and mature in 2036. We plan to redeem our $25.8 million junior subordinated debentures, which had a cost of 1.60% during the first quarter of 2021, by the end of the second quarter of this year.

Deferred compensation represents the amounts that are due to former employees based on salary continuation agreements as a result of acquisitions and amounts due to current and retired employees under our deferred compensation plans.

Operating leases represent the total minimum lease payments due under non-cancelable operating leases. Refer to Note 11 – Leases of the notes to the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for a more detailed discussion about leases.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The following table summarizes the off-balance sheet items at March 31, 2021.

Maturity by Period
Less Than One Year Four Years After
One to Three to Five Five
Total Year Years Years Years
(Dollars in thousands)
Commitment to extend credit:
Commercial real estate $ 329,913 $ 56,821 $ 110,606 $ 136,422 $ 26,064
Construction 110,133 43,477 66,656 - -
SBA 98 28 - - 70
SBA - PPP - - - - -
Commercial and industrial 1,047,807 736,354 212,758 8,095 90,600
Dairy & livestock and agribusiness (1) 219,510 148,395 71,115 - -
SFR Mortgage 3,877 - 500 - 3,377
Consumer and other loans 127,634 10,231 11,628 3,697 102,078
Total commitment to extend credit 1,838,972 995,306 473,263 148,214 222,189
Obligations under letters of credit 50,835 46,971 3,864 - -
Total $ 1,889,807 $ 1,042,277 $ 477,127 $ 148,214 $ 222,189
(1) Total commitments to extend credit to agribusiness were $24.5 million at March 31, 2021.
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As of March 31, 2021, we had commitments to extend credit of approximately $1.84 billion, and obligations under letters of credit of $50.8 million. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to customers, provided there is no violation of any material condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Commitments are generally variable rate, and many of these commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon. As such, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. We use the same credit underwriting policies in granting or accepting such commitments or contingent obligations as we do for on-balance sheet instruments, which consist of evaluating customers’ creditworthiness individually. The Company recorded no provision or recapture of provision for unfunded loan commitments for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. The Company had a reserve for unfunded loan commitments of $9.0 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 included in other liabilities.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank to guarantee the financial performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support private borrowing or purchase arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. When deemed necessary, we hold appropriate collateral supporting those commitments.

Capital Resources

Our primary source of capital has been the retention of operating earnings and issuance of common stock in connection with periodic acquisitions. In order to ensure adequate levels of capital, we conduct an ongoing assessment of projected sources, needs and uses of capital in conjunction with projected increases in assets and the level of risk. As part of this ongoing assessment, the Board of Directors reviews the various components of our capital.

Total equity increased $12.7 million, or 0.63%, to $2.02 billion at March 31, 2021, compared to total equity of $2.01 billion at December 31, 2020. The $12.7 million increase in equity was primarily due to $63.9 million in net earnings and $1.7 million for various stock based compensation items. This was partially offset by a $28.4 million decrease in other comprehensive income resulting from the tax effected impact of the decrease in market value of our investment securities portfolio and $24.5 million in cash dividends declared. Our tangible common equity ratio was 9.37% at March 31, 2021.

During the first quarter of 2021, the Board of Directors of CVB declared quarterly cash dividends totaling $0.18 per share. Dividends are payable at the discretion of the Board of Directors and there can be no assurance that the Board of Directors will continue to pay dividends at the same rate, or at all, in the future. CVB’s ability to pay cash dividends to its shareholders is subject to restrictions under federal and California law, including restrictions imposed by the Federal Reserve, and covenants set forth in various agreements we are a party to including covenants set forth in our junior subordinated debentures.

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On August 11, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a program to repurchase up to 10,000,000 shares of CVB common stock in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, at times and at prices considered appropriate by us, depending upon prevailing market conditions and other corporate and legal considerations. There is no expiration date for this repurchase program. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company repurchased 4,944,290 shares of CVB common stock outstanding under this program. As of March 31, 2021, we have 4,585,145 shares of CVB common stock remaining that are eligible for repurchase under the common stock repurchase program.

The Bank and the Company are required to meet risk-based capital standards under the revised capital framework referred to as Basel III set by their respective regulatory authorities. The risk-based capital standards require the achievement of a minimum total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0% and a common equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) capital ratio of 4.5%. In addition, the regulatory authorities require the highest rated institutions to maintain a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0%. To be considered “well-capitalized” for bank regulatory purposes, the Bank and the Company are required to have a CET1 capital ratio equal to or greater than 6.5%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio equal to or greater than 8.0%, a total risk-based capital ratio equal to or greater than 10.0% and a Tier 1 leverage ratio equal to or greater than 5.0%. At March 31, 2021, the Bank and the Company exceeded the minimum risk-based capital ratios and leverage ratios required to be considered “well-capitalized” for regulatory purposes. For further information about capital requirements and our capital ratios, see “Item 1. Business – Capital Adequacy Requirements ” as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

At March 31, 2021, the Bank and the Company exceeded the minimum risk-based capital ratios and leverage ratios, under the revised capital framework referred to as Basel III, required to be considered “well-capitalized” for regulatory purposes. We did not elect to phase in the impact of CECL on regulatory capital, as allowed under the interim final rule of the FDIC and other U.S. banking agencies.

The table below presents the Company’s and the Bank’s risk-based and leverage capital ratios for the periods presented.

March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
Adequately Minimum Required Well CVB Financial Citizens CVB Financial Citizens
Capitalized Plus Capital Capitalized Corp. Business Corp. Business
Capital Ratios Ratios Conservation Buffer Ratios Consolidated Bank Consolidated Bank
Tier 1 leverage capital ratio 4.00 % 4.00 % 5.00 % 9.83 % 9.45 % 9.90 % 9.58 %
Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio 4.50 % 7.00 % 6.50 % 14.87 % 14.55 % 14.77 % 14.57 %
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 6.00 % 8.50 % 8.00 % 15.15 % 14.55 % 15.06 % 14.57 %
Total risk-based capital ratio 8.00 % 10.50 % 10.00 % 16.05 % 15.46 % 16.24 % 15.75 %

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ASSET/LIABILITY AND MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT

Liquidity and Cash Flow

The objective of liquidity management is to ensure that funds are available in a timely manner to meet our financial obligations when they come due without incurring unnecessary cost or risk, or causing a disruption to our normal operating activities. This includes the ability to manage unplanned decreases or changes in funding sources, accommodating loan demand and growth, funding investments, repurchasing securities, paying creditors as necessary, and other operating or capital needs.

We regularly assess the amount and likelihood of projected funding requirements through a review of factors such as historical deposit volatility and funding patterns, present and forecasted market and economic conditions, individual customer funding needs, as well as current and planned business activities. Management has an Asset/Liability Committee that meets monthly. This committee analyzes the cash flows from loans, investments, deposits and borrowings. In addition, the Company has a Balance Sheet Management Committee of the Board of Directors that meets quarterly to review the Company’s balance sheet and liquidity position. This committee provides oversight to the balance sheet and liquidity management process and recommends policy guidelines for the approval of our Board of Directors, and courses of action to address our actual and projected liquidity needs.

Our primary sources and uses of funds for the Company are deposits and loans. Our deposit levels and cost of deposits may fluctuate from period-to-period due to a variety of factors, including the stability of our deposit base, prevailing interest rates, and market conditions. Total deposits of $12.08 billion at March 31, 2021 increased $342.2 million, or 2.92%, over total deposits of $11.74 billion at December 31, 2020. This deposit growth was primarily due to our customers maintaining greater liquidity.

In general, our liquidity is managed daily by controlling the level of liquid assets as well as the use of funds provided by the cash flow from the investment portfolio, loan demand and deposit fluctuations. Our definition of liquid assets includes cash and cash equivalents in excess of minimum levels needed to fulfill normal business operations, short-term investment securities, and other anticipated near term cash flows from investments. Our balance sheet has significant liquidity and our assets are funded almost entirely with core deposits. Furthermore, we have significant off-balance sheet sources of liquidity. To meet unexpected demands, lines of credit are maintained with correspondent banks, the Federal Home Loan Bank and the Federal Reserve, although availability under these lines of credit are subject to certain conditions. The Bank has available lines of credit exceeding $4 billion, most of which is secured by pledged loans. The sale of investment securities can also serve as a contingent source of funds. We can obtain additional liquidity from deposit growth by offering competitive interest rates on deposits from both our local and national wholesale markets. At March 31, 2021, the Bank had $5.0 million in FHLB short-term borrowings at 0% cost that mature in May of 2021.

CVB is a holding company separate and apart from the Bank that must provide for its own liquidity and must service its own obligations. At March 31, 2021, we had $25.8 million in subordinated debt at an interest rate of three month LIBOR plus 1.38%. This subordinated debt is scheduled to be redeemed at par on June 15, 2021. Substantially all of CVB’s revenues are obtained from dividends declared and paid by the Bank to CVB. There are statutory and regulatory provisions that could limit the ability of the Bank to pay dividends to CVB. In addition, our regulators could limit the ability of the Bank or CVB to pay dividends or make other distributions.

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Below is a summary of our average cash position and statement of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. For further details see our “ Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)” under Part I, Item 1 of this report.

Consolidated Summary of Cash Flows

Three Months Ended March 31,
2021 2020
(Dollars in thousands)
Average cash and cash equivalents $ 1,772,635 $ 409,885
Percentage of total average assets 12.22% 3.60%
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 46,938 $ 75,527
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities (864,874) 205,990
Net cash provided by financing activities 385,075 238,704
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents $ (432,861) $ 520,221

Average cash and cash equivalents increased by $1.36 billion, or 332.47%, to $1.77 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $409.9 million for the same period of 2020.

At March 31, 2021, cash and cash equivalents totaled $1.53 billion. This represented an increase of $819.6 million, or 116.13%, from $705.7 million at March 31, 2020.

Interest Rate Sensitivity Management

During periods of changing interest rates, the ability to re-price interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities can influence net interest income, the net interest margin, and consequently, our earnings. Interest rate risk is managed by attempting to control the spread between rates earned on interest-earning assets and the rates paid on interest-bearing liabilities within the constraints imposed by market competition in our service area. The primary goal of interest rate risk management is to control exposure to interest rate risk, within policy limits approved by the Board of Directors. These limits and guidelines reflect our risk appetite for interest rate risk over both short-term and long-term horizons. We measure these risks and their impact by identifying and quantifying exposures through the use of sophisticated simulation and valuation models, which, as described in additional detail below, are employed by management to understand net interest income (NII) at risk and economic value of equity (EVE) at risk. Net interest income at risk sensitivity captures asset and liability repricing mismatches and is considered a shorter term measure, while EVE sensitivity captures mismatches within the period end balance sheets through the financial instruments’ respective maturities or estimated durations and is considered a longer term measure.

One of the primary methods that we use to quantify and manage interest rate risk is simulation analysis, which we use to model NII from the Company’s balance sheet under various interest rate scenarios. We use simulation analysis to project rate sensitive income under many scenarios. The analyses may include rapid and gradual ramping of interest rates, rate shocks, basis risk analysis, and yield curve scenarios. Specific balance sheet management strategies are also analyzed to determine their impact on NII and EVE. Key assumptions in the simulation analysis relate to the behavior of interest rates and pricing spreads, the changes in product balances, and the behavior of loan and deposit clients in different rate environments. This analysis incorporates several assumptions, the most material of which relate to the re-pricing characteristics and balance fluctuations of deposits with indeterminate or non-contractual maturities, and prepayment of loans and securities.

Our interest rate risk policy measures the sensitivity of our net interest income over both a one-year and two-year cumulative time horizon.

The simulation model estimates the impact of changing interest rates on interest income from all interest-earning assets and interest expense paid on all interest-bearing liabilities reflected on our balance sheet. This sensitivity analysis is compared to policy limits, which specify a maximum tolerance level for net interest income exposure over a one-year horizon assuming no balance sheet growth, given a 200 basis point upward and a 100 basis point downward shift in interest rates depending on the level of current market rates. The simulation model uses a parallel yield curve shift that ramps rates up or down on a pro rata basis over the 12-month and 24-month time horizon.

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The following depicts the Company’s net interest income sensitivity analysis for the periods presented below, when rates are ramped up 200bps or ramped down 100bps over a 12-month time horizon.

Estimated Net Interest Income Sensitivity (1)
March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
24-month Period 24-month Period
Interest Rate Scenario 12-month Period (Cumulative) Interest Rate Scenario 12-month Period (Cumulative)
+ 200 basis points 9.99% 18.97% + 200 basis points 11.10% 19.60%
- 100 basis points -4.64% -5.79% - 100 basis points -1.20% -2.40%
(1) Percentage change from base scenario, but the current low interest rate environment limits the absolute decline in rates as the model does not assume rates go below zero.
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Based on our current simulation models, we believe that the interest rate risk profile of the balance sheet is asset sensitive over both a one-year and a two-year horizon. The estimated sensitivity does not necessarily represent a forecast and the results may not be indicative of actual changes to our net interest income. These estimates are based upon a number of assumptions including: the nature and timing of interest rate levels including yield curve shape, re-pricing characteristics and balance fluctuations of deposits with indeterminate or non-contractual maturities, prepayments on loans and securities, pricing strategies on loans and deposits, and replacement of asset and liability cash flows. While the assumptions used are based on current economic and local market conditions, there is no assurance as to the predictive nature of these conditions including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change. Our exposure in the rates down scenario is impacted by the current low interest rate environment and the model does not assume that rates go below zero.

We also perform valuation analysis, which incorporates all cash flows over the estimated remaining life of all material balance sheet and derivative positions. The valuation of the balance sheet, at a point in time, is defined as the discounted present value of all asset cash flows and derivative cash flows minus the discounted present value of all liability cash flows, the net of which is referred to as EVE. The sensitivity of EVE to changes in the level of interest rates is a measure of the longer-term re-pricing risk and options risk embedded in the balance sheet. EVE uses instantaneous changes in rates, as shown in the table below. Assumptions about the timing and variability of balance sheet cash flows are critical in the EVE analysis. Particularly important are the assumptions driving prepayments and the expected duration and pricing of the indeterminate deposit portfolios. EVE sensitivity is reported in both upward and downward rate shocks. At March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the EVE profile indicates a decline in net balance sheet value due to instantaneous downward changes in rates, compared to an increase resulting from an increase in rates.

Economic Value of Equity Sensitivity

Instantaneous Rate Change March 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
100 bp decrease in interest rates -11.1% -21.0%
100 bp increase in interest rates 9.7% 16.1%
200 bp increase in interest rates 18.6% 28.4%
300 bp increase in interest rates 23.4% 34.4%
400 bp increase in interest rates 29.8% 41.6%

As EVE measures the discounted present value of cash flows over the estimated lives of instruments, the change in EVE does not directly correlate to the degree that earnings would be impacted over a shorter time horizon (i.e., the current year). Further, EVE does not take into account factors such as future balance sheet growth, changes in asset and liability mix, changes in yield curve relationships, and changing product spreads that could mitigate the adverse impact of changes in interest rates.

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ITEM 3.   QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

LIBOR is expected to be completely phased out by 2023, as such the Company is assessing the impacts of this transition and exploring alternatives to use in place of LIBOR for various financial instruments, primarily related to our variable-rate loans and interest rate swap derivatives that are indexed to LIBOR. For further quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risks in our portfolio, see “ Asset/Liability Management and Interest Rate Sensitivity Management ” included in Item 2 “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ” presented elsewhere in this report. This analysis should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Our analysis of market risk and market-sensitive financial information contains forward-looking statements and is subject to the disclosure at the beginning of Part I regarding such forward-looking information.

ITEM 4.   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

As of the end of the period covered by this report, we carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Financial Officer and other senior management of the Company. Based on the foregoing, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2021, there have been no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal controls over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.   LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company and its subsidiaries are parties to various lawsuits and threatened lawsuits in the ordinary and non-ordinary course of business. From time to time, such lawsuits and threatened lawsuits may include, but are not limited to, actions involving securities litigation, employment matters, wage-hour and labor law claims, consumer claims, regulatory compliance claims, data privacy claims, lender liability claims and negligence claims, some of which may be styled as “class action” or representative cases. Some of these lawsuits may be similar in nature to other lawsuits pending against the Company’s competitors.

For lawsuits where the Company has determined that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, a liability representing the best estimate of the Company’s financial exposure based on known facts has been recorded in accordance with FASB guidance over loss contingencies (ASC 450). However, as a result of inherent uncertainties in judicial interpretation and application of a myriad of laws and regulations applicable to the Company’s business, and the unique, complex factual issues presented in any given lawsuit, the Company often cannot determine the probability of loss or estimate the amount of damages which a plaintiff might successfully prove if the Company were found to be liable. For lawsuits or threatened lawsuits where a claim has been asserted or the Company has determined that it is probable that a claim will be asserted, and there is a reasonable possibility that the outcome will be unfavorable, the Company will disclose the existence of the loss contingency, even if the Company is not able to make an estimate of the possible loss or range of possible loss with respect to the action or potential action in question, unless the Company believes that the nature, potential magnitude or potential timing (if known) of the loss contingency is not reasonably likely to be material to the Company’s liquidity, consolidated financial position, and/or results of operations.

Our accruals and disclosures for loss contingencies are reviewed quarterly and adjusted as additional information becomes available. We disclose a loss contingency and/or the amount accrued if we believe it is reasonably likely to be material or if we believe such disclosure is necessary for our financial statements to not be misleading. If we determine that an exposure to loss exists in excess of an amount previously accrued or disclosed, we assess whether there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss, or additional loss, may have been incurred, and we adjust our accruals and disclosures accordingly.

We do not presently believe that the ultimate resolution of any lawsuits currently pending against the Company will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. The outcome of litigation and other legal and regulatory matters is inherently uncertain, however, and it is possible that one or more of the legal matters currently pending or threatened against the Company could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

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ITEM 1A.   RISK FACTORS

Except as discussed below there have been no material changes to the risk factors as previously disclosed in Item 1A. to Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. The materiality of any risks and uncertainties identified in our Forward Looking Statements contained in this report together with those previously disclosed in the Form 10-K and any subsequent Form 10-Q or those that are presently unforeseen could result in significant adverse effects on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. See Item 2. “ Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Risks relating to the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the banking industry and our business. The ultimate impact on our business and financial results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic and actions taken by governmental authorities in response to the pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the global, U.S., California and local economies, disrupted supply chains, lowered equity market valuations, created significant volatility and disruption in financial markets, and sharply increased unemployment levels. In addition, the pandemic has resulted in temporary closures of many businesses and the institution of social distancing and sheltering in place requirements in many states and communities, including in California and the principal counties and cities in which our banking centers are located. Our operations, like those of other financial institutions that operate in our markets, are significantly influenced by economic conditions in California, including the strength of the real estate market and business conditions in the industries to which we lend or from which we gather deposits. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a substantial decline in the revenues of many business sectors as well as in commercial and residential property sales and construction activities. As a result, the demand for our products and services has been, and may continue to be, significantly impacted.

Furthermore, the pandemic could further influence the recognition of credit losses in our loan portfolios and further increase our allowance for credit losses, particularly as many businesses remain closed or partially open. Our customers could be expected to draw further on their lines of credit or to seek deferments of scheduled loan payments to help mitigate the effects of lost revenues. We implemented CECL, for determining our overall provision for credit losses, at the beginning of the first quarter of 2020. For the year ended December 31, 2020, our allowance for credit losses increased by $23.5 million in provision for credit losses, primarily due to the forecasted impact of COVID-19 on certain economic variables that may cause distress to our loan portfolios. During the first quarter of 2021, forecasted improvements in macroeconomic variables, because of the wide availability of vaccines and government economic stimulus, resulted in a $19.5 million recapture of provision for credit losses. In addition, through March 31, 2021 we have temporary payment deferments of interest or of principal and interest to customers for six loans, with a gross balance of $10 million, or 0.12% of our total loan portfolio at March 31, 2021. Depending on the scope and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, we believe there is a possibility that increased provisions for credit losses could prove necessary in the future.

Similarly, because of changing economic and market conditions affecting bond issuers, we may be required to recognize credit losses in future periods on the securities we hold as well as reductions in other comprehensive income. Our business operations may also be disrupted if significant or critical portions of our workforce or managers are unable to work effectively, including because of illness, quarantines, government actions, or other restrictions in connection with the pandemic. In response to the pandemic, and to comply with or follow various government recommendations or mandates, we have also suspended certain real property foreclosure actions and sales, and in certain instances, we are providing fee waivers, payment deferrals, and other expanded assistance for our business and mortgage customers. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our business, results of operations, and financial condition, as well as our regulatory capital and liquidity ratios, will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted, including the scope and duration of the pandemic, the safety, effectiveness, distribution and acceptance of vaccines developed to mitigate the pandemic, and actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic.

Our bank has elected to participate as a lender in the Small Business Administration’s Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), and has accordingly become subject to a number of significant risks applicable to lenders under the PPP.

As one set of responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, our federal, state and local governments have promulgated a wide variety of laws, regulations, executive orders and programs designed to ameliorate the severe and widespread economic distress caused by the mandatory closings of many businesses throughout the State of California and counties in which we operate. One such program is the PPP enacted under the federal CARES Act. This program is designed, among other things, to provide employee payroll maintenance support for small and medium-sized businesses throughout the United States,

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including in the State of California, through loans made by authorized lenders and guaranteed by the federal Small Business Administration (SBA). Because the Company is an authorized SBA lender and our primary customer base consists of small and medium-sized businesses, the Company has actively participated in the PPP. Including the second round of funding, after legislation passed on April 24, 2020, we originated and funded approximately 4,100 PPP loans totaling approximately $1.10 billion, of which $582.8 million was outstanding at March 31, 2021. On January 13, 2021, the SBA reopened the PPP for Second Draw loans to small businesses and non-profit organizations that did receive a loan through the initial PPP phase. At least $25 billion has been set aside for Second Draw PPP loans to eligible borrowers with a maximum of 10 employees or for loans of $250,000 or less to eligible borrowers in low or moderate income neighborhoods. Generally speaking, businesses with more than 300 employees and/or less than a 25% reduction in gross receipts between comparable quarters in 2019 and 2020 are not eligible for Second Draw loans. Further, maximum loan amounts have been increased for accommodation and food service businesses. Recently, the Bank began accepting applications for the second round of PPP loans. As of March 31, 2021, we have originated approximately 1,500 round two loans totaling $325 million in customer borrowings.

Under interim final regulations promulgated by the SBA, PPP lenders are entitled to rely on borrower certifications with respect to issues such as program eligibility and eligible loan amounts, and PPP loans are designed to be subsequently forgivable, in whole or part, if certain additional criteria are met by the borrower with respect to employee payroll maintenance. However, in view of the fact that the PPP was by design intended to support economically distressed businesses, the SBA’s guarantee of PPP loan amounts to participating lenders is a critical feature of the program. There are significant risks to the Company’s participation in the PPP, including whether certain borrowers will ultimately be found to have been eligible for PPP loans, whether eligible PPP loan amounts for certain borrowers were correctly calculated, whether certain PPP loans will ultimately be determined to be forgivable, and if not, whether the SBA’s guarantee will continue to apply to any unforgiven PPP loan amounts. As of March 31, 2021, approximately 2,400 loans, representing nearly $544 million in loan balances, were submitted to the SBA and granted forgiveness. To date, our customers who have had their forgiveness requests reviewed by the SBA have received almost 100% loan forgiveness.

ITEM 2.   UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

On August 11, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a program to repurchase up to 10,000,000 shares of CVB common stock in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, at times and at prices considered appropriate by us, depending upon prevailing market conditions and other corporate and legal considerations. There is no expiration date for this repurchase program. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company did not repurchase any shares of CVB common stock outstanding under this program. As of March 31, 2021, we have 4,585,145 shares of CVB common stock available for repurchase under the common stock repurchase program.

ITEM 3.   DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not Applicable

ITEM 4.   MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not Applicable

ITEM 5.   OTHER INFORMATION

None

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ITEM 6.   EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. Description of Exhibits
10.1 Employee Offer Letter, executed March 24, 2021, for Mr. Brian T. Mauntel†(1)
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002*
32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002**
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form <br>10-Q<br> for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, has been formatted in Inline XBRL.
* Filed herewith
--- ---
** Furnished herewith
--- ---
† Indicates a management contract or compensation plan.
--- ---
(1) Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 13, 2021.
--- ---

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

CVB FINANCIAL CORP.
(Registrant)
Date: May 10, 2021
/s/ E. Allen Nicholson
E. Allen Nicholson
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

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EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, David A. Brager, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of CVB Financial Corp.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a<br>material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
--- ---
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report,<br>fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
--- ---
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining<br>disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:<br>
--- ---
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be<br>designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is<br>being prepared;
--- ---
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial<br>reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting<br>principles;
--- ---
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this<br>report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
--- ---
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that<br>occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal<br>control over financial reporting; and
--- ---
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of<br>internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
--- ---
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over<br>financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
--- ---
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in<br>the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
--- ---
Date: May 10, 2021 By: /s/ David A. Brager
--- --- ---
David A. Brager
Chief Executive Officer

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, E. Allen Nicholson, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of CVB Financial Corp.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a<br>material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
--- ---
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report,<br>fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
--- ---
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining<br>disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:<br>
--- ---
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be<br>designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is<br>being prepared;
--- ---
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial<br>reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting<br>principles;
--- ---
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this<br>report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
--- ---
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that<br>occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal<br>control over financial reporting; and
--- ---
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of<br>internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
--- ---
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over<br>financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
--- ---
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in<br>the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
--- ---
Date: May 10, 2021 By: /s/ E. Allen Nicholson
--- --- ---
E. Allen Nicholson
Chief Financial Officer

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of CVB Financial Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, David A. Brager, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act<br>of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and<br>results of operations of the Company.
--- ---
Date: May 10, 2021 By: /s/ David A. Brager
--- --- ---
David A. Brager
Chief Executive Officer

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of CVB Financial Corp. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, E. Allen Nicholson, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act<br>of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and<br>results of operations of the Company.
--- ---
Date: May 10, 2021 By: /s/ E. Allen Nicholson
--- --- ---
E. Allen Nicholson
Chief Financial Officer

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