Equibles

10-Q

FIRST COMMUNITY BANKSHARES INC /VA/ (FCBC)

10-Q 2024-05-03 For: 2024-03-31
View Original
Added on April 07, 2026

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024
or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission file number: 000-19297
FIRST COMMUNITY BAN K SHARES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Virginia 55-0694814
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(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (IRS Employer Identification No.)
P.O. Box 989<br> <br>Bluefield, Virginia 24605-0989
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(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(276) 326-9000
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(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
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(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock ($1.00 par value) FCBC NASDAQ Global Select
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
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☑ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
☑ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Accelerated filer ☑
Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
☐ Yes ☑ No
As of  April 29, 2024, there were 18,353,513 shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, 1.00 par value.

All values are in US Dollars.

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FIRST COMMUNITY BAN K SHARES, INC.
FORM 10-Q
INDEX
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION P****age
Item 1. Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2023 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited) 5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited) 6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited) 7
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (Unaudited) 8
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) 9
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 35
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 49
Item 4. Controls and Procedures 49
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings 49
Item 1A. Risk Factors 49
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 50
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities 50
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 50
Item 5. Other Information 50
Item 6. Exhibits 51
Signatures 53

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Forward-looking statements in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the accompanying Exhibits, filings incorporated by reference, reports to shareholders, and other communications that represent the Company’s beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, guidelines, expectations, anticipations, estimates, and intentions are made in good faith pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict. The words “may,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” and other similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. The following factors, among others, could cause financial performance to differ materially from that expressed in such forward-looking statements:

● inflation, interest rate, market and monetary fluctuations;
● the strength of the U.S. economy in general and the strength of the local economies in which we conduct operations;
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● the effects of, and changes in, trade, monetary, and fiscal policies and laws, including interest rate policies of the Federal Reserve System;
● timely development of competitive new products and services and the acceptance of these products and services by new and existing customers;
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● the willingness of customers to substitute competitors’ products and services for the Company’s products and services and vice versa;
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● the impact of changes in financial services laws and regulations, including laws about taxes, banking, securities, and insurance;
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● the impact of the U.S. Department of the Treasury and federal banking regulators’ continued implementation of programs to address capital and liquidity in the banking system;
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● technological changes;
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● the cost and effects of cyber incidents or other failures, interruptions, or security breaches of our systems or those of third-party providers;
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● the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the regulatory agencies, as well as the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, and other accounting standard setters;
● the effect of acquisitions, including, without limitation, the failure to achieve the expected revenue growth and/or expense savings from such acquisitions;
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● the sustainability of noninterest, or fee, income being less than expected;
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● unanticipated regulatory or judicial proceedings;
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● changes in consumer spending and saving habits; and
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● the Company’s success at managing the risks mentioned above.
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This list of important factors is not exclusive. If one or more of the factors affecting these forward-looking statements proves incorrect, actual results, performance, or achievements could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other reports we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Therefore, the Company cautions you not to place undue reliance on forward-looking information and statements. The Company does not intend to update any forward-looking statements, whether written or oral, to reflect changes. These cautionary statements expressly qualify all forward-looking statements that apply to the Company including the risk factors presented in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.     Financial **** Statemen ts

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31,
--- --- --- --- --- ---
2023(1)
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
Assets **** ****
Cash and due from banks 67,128 $ 77,563
Federal funds sold 179,943 37,312
Interest-bearing deposits in banks 1,834 1,545
Total cash and cash equivalents 248,905 116,420
Debt securities available-for-sale, at fair value 166,247 280,961
Loans held for investment, net of unearned income 2,519,833 2,572,298
Allowance for credit losses (35,461 ) (36,189 )
Loans held for investment, net 2,484,372 2,536,109
Premises and equipment, net 51,333 50,680
Other real estate owned 374 192
Interest receivable 10,719 10,881
Goodwill 143,946 143,946
Other intangible assets 14,615 15,145
Other assets 115,470 114,211
Total assets 3,235,981 $ 3,268,545
Liabilities **** ****
Deposits
Noninterest-bearing 902,396 $ 931,920
Interest-bearing 1,779,819 1,790,405
Total deposits 2,682,215 2,722,325
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 1,006 1,119
Interest, taxes, and other liabilities 45,816 41,807
Total liabilities 2,729,037 2,765,251
Stockholders' equity **** ****
Preferred stock, undesignated par value; 1,000,000 shares authorized; Series A Noncumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, 0.01 par value; 25,000 shares authorized; none outstanding - -
Common stock, 1 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 27,522,635 shares issued and 18,413,088 outstanding at March 31, 2024; 27,522,547 shares issued and 18,502,396 outstanding at December 31, 2023 18,413 18,502
Additional paid-in capital 173,041 175,841
Retained earnings 327,389 319,902
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (11,899 ) (10,951 )
Total stockholders' equity 506,944 503,294
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity 3,235,981 $ 3,268,545

All values are in US Dollars.

(1)   Derived from audited financial statements
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended
--- --- --- ---
March 31,
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) 2024
Interest income
Interest and fees on loans 33,418 $ 27,628
Interest on securities -- taxable 1,563 1,934
Interest on securities -- tax-exempt 135 165
Interest on deposits in banks 913 462
Total interest income 36,029 30,189
Interest expense
Interest on deposits 4,365 718
Interest on short-term borrowings 35 59
Total interest expense 4,400 777
Net interest income 31,629 29,412
Provision for credit losses 1,011 1,742
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 30,618 27,670
Noninterest income
Wealth management 1,099 1,017
Service charges on deposits 3,310 3,159
Other service charges and fees 3,450 3,082
Gain on sale of securities - 7
Other operating income 1,400 1,318
Total noninterest income 9,259 8,583
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits 12,581 11,595
Occupancy expense 1,378 1,168
Furniture and equipment expense 1,545 1,401
Service fees 2,449 2,019
Advertising and public relations 796 643
Professional fees 372 327
Amortization of intangibles 530 234
FDIC premiums and assessments 369 320
Merger expenses - 379
Other operating expense 3,366 2,727
Total noninterest expense 23,386 20,813
Income before income taxes 16,491 15,440
Income tax expense 3,646 3,658
Net income 12,845 $ 11,782
Earnings per common share
Basic 0.70 $ 0.73
Diluted 0.71 0.72
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic 18,476,128 16,228,297
Diluted 18,545,910 16,289,489

All values are in US Dollars.

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
March 31,
2024 2023
(Amounts in thousands)
Net income $ 12,845 $ 11,782
Other comprehensive income (loss), before tax **** ****
Available-for-sale debt securities:
Change in net unrealized (losses) gains on debt securities (1,198 ) 3,163
Reclassification adjustment for gain recognized in net income - (7 )
Net unrealized losses on available-for-sale debt securities (1,198 ) 3,156
Employee benefit plans:
Net actuarial loss (9 ) (33 )
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of prior service cost and net actuarial loss recognized in net income 9 33
Net unrealized gains (losses) on employee benefit plans - -
Other comprehensive loss, before tax (1,198 ) 3,156
Income tax (benefit) expense (250 ) 662
Other comprehensive (loss) gain, net of tax (948 ) 2,494
Total comprehensive income $ 11,897 $ 14,276
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
THREE MONTHS ENDED
March 31, 2024 and 2023
**** **** **** **** Accumulated ****
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Common **** Additional **** Other ****
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data) Preferred Stock Stock Outstanding Common Stock Paid-in Capital Retained Earnings Comprehensive Loss Total
Balance January 1, 2023 - $ - 16,225,399 $ 16,225 $ 128,508 $ 292,971 $ (15,719 ) $ 421,985
Net income - - - - - 11,782 - 11,782
Other comprehensive income - - - - - - 2,494 2,494
Common dividends declared -- 0.29 per share - - - - - (4,706 ) - (4,706 )
Equity-based compensation expense - - 15,732 16 104 - - 120
Common stock options exercised - - 2,158 2 46 - - 48
Issuance of common stock to 401(k) plan - - 262 - 8 - - 8
Balance March 31, 2023 - $ - 16,243,551 $ 16,243 $ 128,666 $ 300,047 $ (13,225 ) $ 431,731
Balance January 1, 2024 - $ - 18,502,396 $ 18,502 $ 175,841 $ 319,902 $ (10,951 ) $ 503,294
Net income - - - - - 12,845 - 12,845
Other comprehensive loss - - - - - - (948 ) (948 )
Common dividends declared -- 0.29 per share - - - - - (5,358 ) - (5,358 )
Equity-based compensation expense - - - - 81 - - 81
Issuance of common stock to 401(k) plan - - 88 - 3 - - 3
Repurchase of common shares at 33.26 per share - - (89,396 ) (89 ) (2,884 ) - - (2,973 )
Balance March 31, 2024 - $ - 18,413,088 $ 18,413 $ 173,041 $ 327,389 $ (11,899 ) $ 506,944

All values are in US Dollars.

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
Three Months Ended
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
March 31,
(Amounts in thousands) 2024 2023
Operating activities **** ****
Net income $ 12,845 $ 11,782
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Provision for credit losses for loans 1,011 1,742
Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment 1,096 921
Accretion of discounts on investments (200 ) (523 )
Amortization of intangible assets 530 234
Accretion on acquired loans (781 ) (193 )
Equity-based compensation expense 81 120
Issuance of common stock to 401(k) plan 3 8
Gain on sale of premises and equipment, net (5 ) (2 )
Loss on sale of other real estate owned 14 51
Net gain on sale of securities - (7 )
Decrease in accrued interest receivable 162 633
Increase in other operating activities 2,176 1,061
Net cash provided by operating activities 16,932 15,827
Investing activities **** ****
Proceeds from sale of securities available-for-sale - 17,007
Proceeds from maturities, prepayments, and calls of securities available-for-sale 118,968 10,618
Payments to acquire securities available-for-sale (5,252 ) (31,859 )
Net decrease (increase) in loans 51,235 9,695
Purchase of FHLB stock, net 265 (3,829 )
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance 585 3,717
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment 10 4
Payments to acquire premises and equipment (1,780 ) (1,012 )
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned 76 228
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities 164,107 4,569
Financing activities **** ****
Decrease in noninterest-bearing deposits, net (29,524 ) (48,871 )
Decrease in interest-bearing deposits, net (10,586 ) (45,320 )
Repayments from securities sold under agreements to repurchase, net (113 ) (8 )
Proceeds from stock options exercised - 48
Payments for repurchase of common stock (2,973 ) -
Payments of common dividends (5,358 ) (4,706 )
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities (48,554 ) (98,857 )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents 132,485 (78,461 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 116,420 170,846
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 248,905 $ 92,385
Supplemental disclosure -- cash flow information **** ****
Cash paid for interest $ 4,281 $ 726
Cash paid for income taxes - -
Supplemental transactions -- noncash items **** ****
Transfer of loans to other real estate owned 272 57
Increase in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes (948 ) 2,494
See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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NOTES TO COND ENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Note 1. Basis of Presentation

General

First Community Bankshares, Inc. (the “Company”), a financial holding company, was founded in 1989 and reincorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Company’s principal executive office is located in Bluefield, Virginia. The Company provides banking products and services to individual and commercial customers through its wholly owned subsidiary First Community Bank (the “Bank”), a Virginia-chartered banking institution founded in 1874. The Bank offers wealth management and investment advice through its Trust Division and wholly owned subsidiary First Community Wealth Management.  Unless the context suggests otherwise, the terms “First Community,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to First Community Bankshares, Inc. and its subsidiaries as a consolidated entity.

Principles of Consolidation

The Company’s accounting and reporting policies conform with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The consolidated financial statements include all accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries and eliminate all intercompany balances and transactions. The Company operates in one business segment, Community Banking, which consists of all operations, including commercial and consumer banking, lending activities, and wealth management. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for other interim periods or for the full year. In management’s opinion, the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements contain all necessary adjustments, including normal recurring accruals, and disclosures for a fair presentation.

These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 8, 2024. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023, has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts reported in prior years have been reclassified to conform to the current year’s presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position, or net cash flow.

Use of Estimates

Preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are included in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s 2023 Form 10-K.

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Recent Accounting Standards

Standards Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740).”  The amendments in this ASU are related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disclosures and are designed to improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring (1) consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and (2) income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction.  Early adoption is permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance.  The adoption of this pronouncement is not expected to have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company has not yet adopted any new accounting standards in 2024 that have been issued by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies.  The Company does not anticipate any of the recent standards issued to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 . Acquisitions

On November 18, 2022, the Company and NC-based Surrey Bancorp ("Surrey"), parent company of Surrey Bank & Trust, jointly announced their entry into an agreement and plan of merger pursuant to which First Community would acquire Surrey and its wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Surrey Bank & Trust. Under the terms of the agreement and plan of merger, each share of Surrey common stock immediately converted into the right to receive 0.7159 shares of the Company's common stock.  The transaction was consummated on April 21, 2023. The total purchase price for the transaction was $71.37 million.

The Surrey transaction was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and, accordingly, assets acquired, liabilities assumed and consideration exchanged were recorded at estimated fair value on the acquisition date.  Fair values are preliminary and subject to refinement for up to a year after the closing date of the acquisition.  The Company incurred a total of $2.99 million in merger expenses related to the Surrey transaction, $596 thousand was recorded in the last quarter of 2022 and $2.39 million in 2023. These costs were primarily related to data conversion, investment banking fees, and legal fees.

Goodwill arising from business combinations represents the excess of the purchase price over the sum of the estimated fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired less the fair value of the liabilities assumed.  The Surrey acquisition resulted in the Company recognizing $14.38 million in goodwill.

The primary identifiable intangible asset we typically record in connection with a whole bank or bank branch acquisition is the value of the core deposit intangibles which represents the estimated value of the long-term deposit relationships acquired in the transaction. Determining the amount of identifiable intangible assets and their average lives involves multiple assumptions and estimates and is typically determined by performing a discounted cash flow analysis, which involves a combination of any or all of the following assumptions: customer attrition/runoff, alternative funding costs, deposit servicing costs, and discount rates. The core deposit intangibles are amortized over the estimated useful lives of the deposit accounts based on a method that we believe reasonably approximates the anticipated benefit stream from this intangible.  Core deposit intangibles for the Surrey transaction totaled $12.70 million.

When loans are acquired they are identified as either purchased credit deteriorated PCD or non-PCD.  PCD loans represent assets that are acquired with evidence of more than insignificant credit quality deterioration since the origination of the loans as of the acquisition date.  The ACL for PCD assets is recognized within business combination accounting with no initial impact to net income. Changes in estimates of expected credit losses on PCD loans after acquisition are recognized as provision expense (or reversal of provision expense) in subsequent periods as they arise.  Non-PCD loans acquired are generally estimated at fair value using a discounted cash flow approach with assumptions of discount rate, remaining life, prepayments, probability of default, and loss given default. The actual cash flows on these loans could differ materially from the fair value estimates. The amount we record as the fair values for the loans is generally less than the contractual unpaid principal balance due from the borrowers, with the difference being referred to as the “discount” on the acquired loans. Discounts on acquired non-PCD loans are accreted to interest income over their estimated remaining lives, which may include prepayment estimates in certain circumstances.  The ACL for non-PCD assets is recognized as provision expense in the same reporting period as the business combination. Estimated loan losses for acquired loans are determined using methodologies and applying estimates and assumptions similar to originated performing loans.  The fair value of purchased loans with credit deterioration was $101.42 million on the date of acquisition with the gross contractual amount totaling $111.22 million.  The Company estimates that $2.01 million of contractual cash flows specific to the purchased loans with credit deterioration will not be collected.  Non purchased credit deteriorated loans acquired had a fair value of $137.55 million with a gross contractual value of $143.55 million.

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As recorded by Fair Value As recorded by
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data ) Surrey Adjustments the Company
Assets ****
Cash and cash equivalents $ 176,700 $ - $ 176,700
Securities-available-for-sale 22,027 (1,093 ) ( a ) 20,934
Loans held for investment, net of allowance and mark 251,944 (12,864 ) ( b ) 239,080
Premises and equipment 5,501 774 ( c ) 6,275
Other assets 10,787 (229 ) ( d ), ( e ) 10,558
Intangible assets - 12,700 ( f ) 12,700
Total assets $ 466,959 $ (712 ) $ 466,247
LIABILITIES ****
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing $ 158,389 $ - $ 158,389
Interest-bearing 246,460 (1,214 ) ( g ) 245,246
Total deposits 404,849 (1,214 ) 403,635
Long term debt - - -
Other liabilities 6,004 (381 ) ( h ) 5,623
Total liabilities 410,853 (1,595 ) 409,258
Net identifiable assets acquired over liabilities assumed 56,106 883 56,989
Goodwill - 14,381 14,381
Net assets acquired over liabilities assumed $ 56,106 $ 15,264 $ 71,370
Consideration: ****
First Community Bankshares, Inc. common stock issued 2,996,786
Purchase price per share of the Company's common stock $ 23.81
Fair value of Company common stock issued 71,354
Cash paid for fractional shares 16
Fair Value of total consideration transferred $ 71,370

Explanation of fair value adjustments:

(a) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired investment portfolio.
(b) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments of $(15.80) million based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired loan portfolio and excludes the allowance for credit losses and deferred loans fees of $2.94 million as recorded by Surrey.
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(c) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired premises and equipment.
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(d) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment based on the Company's evaluation of stocks with other banks of $47 thousand.
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(e) Adjustment to record the deferred tax asset related to the fair value adjustments $(177) thousand.
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(f) Adjustment to record the core deposit intangible on the acquired deposit accounts.
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(g) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment based on the Company's evaluation of the time deposit portfolio.
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(h) Adjustment to reclass deferred tax asset $(99) thousand, goodwill $(282) thousand, federal income tax payable $(389) thousand, and state income tax payable $8 thousand.
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Note 3 . Debt Securities

The following tables present the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale debt securities, including gross unrealized gains and losses, as of the dates indicated:

March 31, 2024
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair
Cost Gains Losses Value
(Amounts in thousands)
U.S. Agency securities $ 5,750 $ - $ - $ 5,750
U.S. Treasury securities 36,384 2 (62 ) 36,324
Municipal securities 18,325 4 (217 ) 18,112
Corporate notes 28,574 - (1,658 ) 26,916
Agency mortgage-backed securities 92,496 - (13,351 ) 79,145
Total $ 181,529 $ 6 $ (15,288 ) $ 166,247
December 31, 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair
Cost Gains Losses Value
(Amounts in thousands)
U.S. Agency securities $ 5,750 $ - $ (1 ) $ 5,749
U.S. Treasury securities 146,653 16 (843 ) 145,826
Municipal securities 19,528 11 (162 ) 19,377
Corporate notes 28,566 - (1,485 ) 27,081
Agency mortgage-backed securities 94,548 2 (11,622 ) 82,928
Total $ 295,045 $ 29 $ (14,113 ) $ 280,961

There was no allowance for credit losses for debt securities as of  March 31, 2024; therefore, it is not presented in the table below.  The Company excludes the accrued interest receivable from the amortized cost basis in measuring expected credit losses on the debt securities and does not record an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable.  Accrued interest receivable for debt securities was $1.12 million and $1.25 million as of   March 31, 2024, and  December 31, 2023, respectively.

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The following table presents the amortized cost and aggregate fair value of available-for-sale debt securities by contractual maturity, as of the date indicated. Actual maturities could differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties.

March 31, 2024
Amortized
(Amounts in thousands) Cost Fair Value
Available-for-sale debt securities
Due within one year $ 47,332 $ 47,266
Due after one year but within five years 41,701 39,836
Due after five years but within ten years - -
89,033 87,102
Agency mortgage-backed securities 92,496 79,145
Total debt securities available-for-sale $ 181,529 $ 166,247

The following tables present the fair values and unrealized losses for available-for-sale debt securities in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and for 12 months or longer as of the dates indicated:

March 31, 2024
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized
Value Losses Value Losses Value Losses
(Amounts in thousands)
U.S. Agency securities $ 5,750 $ - $ - $ - $ 5,750 $ -
U.S. Treasury securities 5,283 (12 ) 25,684 (50 ) 30,967 (62 )
Municipal securities 3,944 (21 ) 7,713 (196 ) 11,657 (217 )
Corporate notes - - 26,916 (1,658 ) 26,916 (1,658 )
Agency mortgage-backed securities 4,546 (52 ) 74,598 (13,299 ) 79,144 (13,351 )
Total $ 19,523 $ (85 ) $ 134,911 $ (15,203 ) $ 154,434 $ (15,288 )

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December 31, 2023
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized Fair Unrealized
Value Losses Value Losses Value Losses
(Amounts in thousands)
U.S. Agency securities $ 5,749 $ (1 ) $ — $ — $ 5,749 $ (1 )
U.S. Treasury securities 11,417 (14 ) 129,108 (829 ) 140,525 (843 )
Municipal securities 4,742 (20 ) 5,484 (142 ) 10,226 (162 )
Corporate notes — — 27,081 (1,485 ) 27,081 (1,485 )
Agency mortgage-backed securities 3,421 (10 ) 78,319 (11,612 ) 81,740 (11,622 )
Total $ 25,329 $ (45 ) $ 239,992 $ (14,068 ) $ 265,321 $ (14,113 )

There were 115 individual debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2024, and the combined depreciation in value represented 9.20% of the debt securities portfolio. There were 112 individual debt securities in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2023, and their combined depreciation in value represented 5.02% of  the debt securities portfolio.

Management evaluates securities for impairment where there has been a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis of a security to determine whether there is a credit loss associated with the decline in fair value on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. Credit losses are calculated individually, rather than collectively, using a discounted cash flow method, whereby management compares the present value of expected cash flows with the amortized cost basis of the security.  The credit loss component would be recognized through the provision for credit losses and the creation of an allowance for credit losses. Consideration is given to (1) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer including looking at default and delinquency rates, (2) the outlook for receiving the contractual cash flows of the investments, (3) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (4) our intent and ability to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value or for a debt security whether it is more-likely-than-not that we will be required to sell the debt security prior to recovering its fair value, (5) the anticipated outlook for changes in the general level of interest rates, (6) credit ratings, (7) third party guarantees, and (8) collateral values. In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, management considers whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, the results of reviews of the issuer’s financial condition, and the issuer’s anticipated ability to pay the contractual cash flows of the investments.  All of the U.S. Treasury and Agency-Backed Securities have the full faith and credit backing of the United State Government or one of its agencies. Municipal securities and all other securities that do not have a zero expected credit loss are evaluated quarterly to determine whether there is a credit loss associated with a decline in fair value. All debt securities available-for-sale in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2024, continue to perform as scheduled and we do not believe that there is a credit loss or that a provision for credit losses is necessary. Also, as part of our evaluation of our intent and ability to hold investments for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in the market, we consider our investment strategy, cash flow needs, liquidity position, capital adequacy and interest rate risk position. We do not currently intend to sell the securities within the portfolio and it is not more-likely-than-not that we will be required to sell the debt securities.

Management continues to monitor all of our securities with a high degree of scrutiny. There can be no assurance that we will not conclude in future periods that conditions existing at that time indicate some or all of its securities may be sold or would require a charge to earnings as a provision for credit losses in such periods.

There were no available-for-sale securities sold in the first three months 2024. In the first three months of 2023, approximately $17.01 million in securities available-for-sale were sold.  The following table presents gross realized gains and losses from the sale of available-for-sale debt securities for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2024 2023
(Amounts in thousands)
Gross realized gains $ - $ 7
Gross realized losses - -
Net gain (loss) on sale of securities $ - $ 7

The carrying amount of securities pledged for various purposes totaled $44.55 million as of March 31, 2024, and $145.09million as of December 31, 2023.

Note 4 . Loans

The Company groups loans held for investment into three segments (commercial loans, consumer real estate loans, and consumer and other loans) with each segment divided into various classes. Customer overdrafts reclassified as loans totaled $1.39 million as of March 31, 2024, and $1.50 million as of December 31, 2023. Deferred loan fees, net of loan costs, totaled $7.27 million as of March 31, 2024, and $7.71 million  as of December 31, 2023.

In accordance with the adoption of ASU 2016-13, the table below reflects the loan portfolio at the amortized cost basis to include net deferred loan fees of $7.27 million and $7.71 million and unamortized discount related to loans acquired of $14.51 million and $15.29 million for March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023, respectively.  Accrued interest receivable of $9.59 million as of  March 31, 2024, and $9.64 million as of  December 31, 2023, is accounted for separately and reported in Interest Receivable on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Table of Contents

March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands) Amount Percent Amount Percent
Loans held for investment
Commercial loans
Construction, development, and other land $ 88,841 3.53 % $ 105,945 4.12 %
Commercial and industrial 203,530 8.08 % 211,850 8.24 %
Multi-family residential 194,188 7.71 % 188,382 7.32 %
Single family non-owner occupied 219,669 8.72 % 224,895 8.74 %
Non-farm, non-residential 887,255 35.21 % 894,550 34.78 %
Agricultural 19,763 0.78 % 21,669 0.84 %
Farmland 13,572 0.53 % 14,202 0.55 %
Total commercial loans 1,626,818 64.56 % 1,661,493 64.59 %
Consumer real estate loans
Home equity lines 87,181 3.46 % 87,626 3.41 %
Single family owner occupied 687,810 27.30 % 696,140 27.06 %
Owner occupied construction 5,848 0.23 % 8,445 0.33 %
Total consumer real estate loans 780,839 30.99 % 792,211 30.80 %
Consumer and other loans
Consumer loans 110,787 4.40 % 117,091 4.55 %
Other 1,389 0.05 % 1,503 0.06 %
Total consumer and other loans 112,176 4.45 % 118,594 4.61 %
Total loans held for investment, net of unearned income $ 2,519,833 100.00 % $ 2,572,298 100.00 %

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Note 5 . Credit Quality ****

The Company uses a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each loan in its portfolio. Loan risk ratings may be upgraded or downgraded to reflect current information identified during the loan review process. The general characteristics of each risk grade are as follows:

● Pass -- This grade is assigned to loans with acceptable credit quality and risk. The Company further segments this grade based on borrower characteristics that include capital strength, earnings stability, liquidity, leverage, and industry conditions.
● Special Mention -- This grade is assigned to loans that require an above average degree of supervision and attention. These loans have the characteristics of an asset with acceptable credit quality and risk; however, adverse economic or financial conditions exist that create potential weaknesses deserving of management’s close attention. If potential weaknesses are not corrected, the prospect of repayment may worsen.
--- ---
● Substandard -- This grade is assigned to loans that have well defined weaknesses that may make payment default, or principal exposure, possible. These loans will likely be dependent on collateral liquidation, secondary repayment sources, or events outside the normal course of business to meet repayment terms.
--- ---
● Doubtful -- This grade is assigned to loans that have the weaknesses inherent in substandard loans; however, the weaknesses are so severe that collection or liquidation in full is unlikely based on current facts, conditions, and values. Due to certain specific pending factors, the amount of loss cannot yet be determined.
--- ---
● Loss -- This grade is assigned to loans that will be charged off or charged down when payments, including the timing and value of payments, are uncertain. This risk grade does not imply that the asset has no recovery or salvage value, but simply means that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off, either all or a portion of, the loan balance even though partial recovery may be realized in the future.
--- ---

The following table presents the recorded investment of the loan portfolio, by loan class and credit quality, as of the dates indicated:

March 31, 2024
Special
(Amounts in thousands) Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total
Commercial loans
Construction, development, and other land $ 86,265 $ 2,164 $ 412 $ - $ - $ 88,841
Commercial and industrial 198,318 2,128 3,084 - - 203,530
Multi-family residential 190,417 3,485 286 - - 194,188
Single family non-owner occupied 210,540 1,983 7,146 - - 219,669
Non-farm, non-residential 858,461 15,272 13,522 - - 887,255
Agricultural 13,982 3,786 1,995 - - 19,763
Farmland 12,015 475 1,082 - - 13,572
Consumer real estate loans
Home equity lines 83,592 544 3,045 - - 87,181
Single family owner occupied 661,705 2,277 23,828 - - 687,810
Owner occupied construction 5,848 - - - - 5,848
Consumer and other loans
Consumer loans 108,713 2 2,072 - - 110,787
Other 1,389 - - - - 1,389
Total loans $ 2,431,245 $ 32,116 $ 56,472 $ - $ - $ 2,519,833
December 31, 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Special
(Amounts in thousands) Pass Mention Substandard Doubtful Loss Total
Commercial loans
Construction, development, and other land $ 103,573 $ 1,955 $ 417 $ - $ - $ 105,945
Commercial and industrial 207,034 2,097 2,719 - - 211,850
Multi-family residential 184,565 3,522 295 - - 188,382
Single family non-owner occupied 215,375 2,016 7,504 - - 224,895
Non-farm, non-residential 866,711 15,240 12,599 - - 894,550
Agricultural 15,944 3,878 1,847 - - 21,669
Farmland 12,480 484 1,238 - - 14,202
Consumer real estate loans
Home equity lines 83,769 546 3,311 - - 87,626
Single family owner occupied 669,878 2,360 23,902 - - 696,140
Owner occupied construction 8,445 - - - - 8,445
Consumer and other loans
Consumer loans 114,725 4 2,362 - - 117,091
Other 1,503 - - - - 1,503
Total loans $ 2,484,002 $ 32,102 $ 56,194 $ - $ - $ 2,572,298

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The following tables present the amortized cost basis and current period gross write-offs of the loan portfolio, by year of origination, loan class, and credit quality, as of the date indicated:

(Amounts in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Balance at March 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Total
Construction, development and other land
Pass $ 918 $ 12,689 $ 35,682 $ 24,233 $ 4,020 $ 6,069 $ 2,654 $ 86,265
Special mention - 1,973 - - 117 74 - 2,164
Substandard - - - - 12 400 - 412
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total construction, development, and other land $ 918 $ 14,662 $ 35,682 $ 24,233 $ 4,149 $ 6,543 $ 2,654 $ 88,841
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Commercial and industrial
Pass $ 7,585 $ 47,322 $ 60,226 $ 16,907 $ 10,311 $ 15,891 $ 40,076 $ 198,318
Special mention - - 218 118 - 1,691 101 2,128
Substandard - 197 861 450 28 1,548 - 3,084
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total commercial and industrial $ 7,585 $ 47,519 $ 61,305 $ 17,475 $ 10,339 $ 19,130 $ 40,177 $ 203,530
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ 37 $ 173 $ - $ 9 $ 1 $ - $ 220
Multi-family residential
Pass $ 306 $ 6,791 $ 74,704 $ 36,344 $ 29,717 $ 39,054 $ 3,501 $ 190,417
Special mention - - - - - 3,485 - 3,485
Substandard - - 114 - - 172 - 286
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total multi-family residential $ 306 $ 6,791 $ 74,818 $ 36,344 $ 29,717 $ 42,711 $ 3,501 $ 194,188
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Non-farm, non-residential
Pass $ 8,635 $ 82,850 $ 239,174 $ 149,473 $ 112,692 $ 257,164 $ 8,473 $ 858,461
Special mention - 62 579 2,566 811 11,254 - 15,272
Substandard - 1,142 297 1,944 680 9,317 142 13,522
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total non-farm, non-residential $ 8,635 $ 84,054 $ 240,050 $ 153,983 $ 114,183 $ 277,735 $ 8,615 $ 887,255
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Agricultural
Pass $ 108 $ 4,380 $ 3,850 $ 2,108 $ 463 $ 2,360 $ 713 $ 13,982
Special mention - - 271 178 7 3,330 - 3,786
Substandard - 397 23 101 117 1,357 - 1,995
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total agricultural $ 108 $ 4,777 $ 4,144 $ 2,387 $ 587 $ 7,047 $ 713 $ 19,763
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ 82 $ 60 $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 142
Farmland
Pass $ 389 $ 1,370 $ 1,213 $ 1,517 $ 889 $ 5,683 $ 954 $ 12,015
Special mention - - - 102 - 373 - 475
Substandard - - - - - 1,082 - 1,082
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total farmland $ 389 $ 1,370 $ 1,213 $ 1,619 $ 889 $ 7,138 $ 954 $ 13,572
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

Table of Contents

(Amounts in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Balance at March 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Total
Home equity lines
Pass $ 4 $ 1 $ 947 $ 84 $ 72 $ 3,659 $ 78,825 $ 83,592
Special mention - - - - - 44 500 544
Substandard - - 69 - 25 1,842 1,109 3,045
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total home equity lines $ 4 $ 1 $ 1,016 $ 84 $ 97 $ 5,545 $ 80,434 $ 87,181
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 15 $ 15
Single family Mortgage
Pass $ 4,576 $ 51,915 $ 164,857 $ 217,495 $ 186,126 $ 246,880 $ 396 $ 872,245
Special mention - - - 460 97 3,703 - 4,260
Substandard - 235 845 1,510 1,222 27,162 - 30,974
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total single family owner and non-owner occupied $ 4,576 $ 52,150 $ 165,702 $ 219,465 $ 187,445 $ 277,745 $ 396 $ 907,479
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ 31 $ - $ 20 $ - $ 51
Owner occupied construction
Pass $ 287 $ 3,416 $ 1,575 $ 235 $ - $ 335 $ - $ 5,848
Special mention - - - - - - - -
Substandard - - - - - - - -
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total owner occupied construction $ 287 $ 3,416 $ 1,575 $ 235 $ - $ 335 $ - $ 5,848
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Consumer loans
Pass $ 7,066 $ 30,143 $ 37,742 $ 17,711 $ 6,302 $ 3,167 $ 7,971 $ 110,102
Special mention - - - 1 - - 1 2
Substandard - 278 914 367 117 345 51 2,072
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total consumer loans $ 7,066 $ 30,421 $ 38,656 $ 18,079 $ 6,419 $ 3,512 $ 8,023 $ 112,176
Current period gross write-offs $ 282 $ 414 $ 746 $ 348 $ 60 $ 48 $ 122 $ 2,020
(Amounts in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Balance at March 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Total
Total loans
Pass $ 29,874 $ 240,877 $ 619,970 $ 466,107 $ 350,592 $ 580,262 $ 143,563 $ 2,431,245
Special mention - 2,035 1,068 3,425 1,032 23,954 602 32,116
Substandard - 2,249 3,123 4,372 2,201 43,225 1,302 56,472
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total loans $ 29,874 $ 245,161 $ 624,161 $ 473,904 $ 353,825 $ 647,441 $ 145,467 $ 2,519,833
Current period gross write-offs $ 282 $ 533 $ 979 $ 379 $ 69 $ 69 $ 137 $ 2,448

Table of Contents

(Amounts in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Balance at December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Total
Construction, development
and other land
Pass $ 12,379 $ 54,752 $ 23,328 $ 4,121 $ 2,700 $ 3,874 $ 2,419 $ 103,573
Special Mention 1,737 - - 139 - 79 - 1,955
Substandard - - - - 175 242 - 417
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total construction, development, and other land $ 14,116 $ 54,752 $ 23,328 $ 4,260 $ 2,875 $ 4,195 $ 2,419 $ 105,945
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 13 $ - $ - $ 13
Commercial and industrial
Pass $ 53,619 $ 64,380 $ 19,477 $ 11,538 $ 5,717 $ 11,775 $ 40,528 $ 207,034
Special Mention - 229 11 - 349 1,408 100 2,097
Substandard 51 744 276 86 926 636 - 2,719
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total commercial and industrial $ 53,670 $ 65,353 $ 19,764 $ 11,624 $ 6,992 $ 13,819 $ 40,628 $ 211,850
Current period gross write-offs $ 66 $ 168 $ 201 $ 51 $ 32 $ 66 $ - $ 584
Multi-family residential
Pass $ 6,753 $ 67,484 $ 36,621 $ 30,021 $ 3,280 $ 36,982 $ 3,424 $ 184,565
Special Mention - - - - - 3,522 - 3,522
Substandard - - - - - 295 - 295
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total multi-family residential $ 6,753 $ 67,484 $ 36,621 $ 30,021 $ 3,280 $ 40,799 $ 3,424 $ 188,382
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Non-farm, non-residential
Pass $ 83,420 $ 234,607 $ 151,433 $ 114,974 $ 53,466 $ 217,034 $ 11,777 $ 866,711
Special Mention 65 583 2,590 819 - 11,132 51 15,240
Substandard 1,175 238 1,968 690 3,175 5,143 210 12,599
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total non-farm, non-residential $ 84,660 $ 235,428 $ 155,991 $ 116,483 $ 56,641 $ 233,309 $ 12,038 $ 894,550
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ 8 $ - $ - $ - $ 2 $ - $ 10
Agricultural
Pass $ 5,004 $ 4,215 $ 2,352 $ 625 $ 674 $ 2,094 $ 980 $ 15,944
Special Mention 28 276 184 8 90 3,292 - 3,878
Substandard 157 166 50 28 1,188 258 - 1,847
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total agricultural $ 5,189 $ 4,657 $ 2,586 $ 661 $ 1,952 $ 5,644 $ 980 $ 21,669
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ 59 $ - $ 9 $ 14 $ 8 $ - $ 90
Farmland
Pass $ 1,380 $ 1,237 $ 1,557 $ 912 $ 745 $ 5,766 $ 883 $ 12,480
Special Mention - - 103 - - 381 - 484
Substandard - - - - - 1,238 - 1,238
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total farmland $ 1,380 $ 1,237 $ 1,660 $ 912 $ 745 $ 7,385 $ 883 $ 14,202
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -

Table of Contents

(Amounts in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
Balance at December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Total
Home equity lines
Pass $ 9 $ 962 $ 86 $ 73 $ 68 $ 3,800 $ 78,771 $ 83,769
Special Mention - - - - - 45 501 546
Substandard - 12 - 27 102 1,853 1,317 3,311
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total home equity lines $ 9 $ 974 $ 86 $ 100 $ 170 $ 5,698 $ 80,589 $ 87,626
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ 227 $ 227
Single family Mortgage
Pass $ 50,826 $ 164,974 $ 221,352 $ 191,156 $ 44,974 $ 211,540 $ 431 $ 885,253
Special Mention - - 465 98 108 3,705 - 4,376
Substandard 236 555 1,464 1,381 1,515 26,255 - 31,406
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total single family owner and non-owner occupied $ 51,062 $ 165,529 $ 223,281 $ 192,635 $ 46,597 $ 241,500 $ 431 $ 921,035
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ - $ 47 $ - $ - $ 194 $ - $ 241
Owner occupied construction
Pass $ 3,620 $ 4,232 $ 240 $ - $ 21 $ 332 $ - $ 8,445
Special Mention - - - - - - - -
Substandard - - - - - - - -
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total owner occupied construction $ 3,620 $ 4,232 $ 240 $ - $ 21 $ 332 $ - $ 8,445
Current period gross write-offs $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ - $ -
Consumer loans
Pass $ 31,243 $ 43,675 $ 20,672 $ 7,710 $ 3,214 $ 1,026 $ 8,688 $ 116,228
Special Mention - - 3 - - - 1 4
Substandard 338 820 590 198 157 212 47 2,362
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total consumer loans $ 31,581 $ 44,495 $ 21,265 $ 7,908 $ 3,371 $ 1,238 $ 8,736 $ 118,594
Current period gross write-offs $ 1,238 $ 3,594 $ 1,852 $ 518 $ 196 $ 77 $ 185 $ 7,660
(Amounts in thousands) Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Balance at December 31, 2023 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior Revolving Total
Total loans
Pass $ 248,253 $ 640,518 $ 477,118 $ 361,130 $ 114,859 $ 494,223 $ 147,901 $ 2,484,002
Special mention 1,830 1,088 3,356 1,064 547 23,564 653 32,102
Substandard 1,957 2,535 4,348 2,410 7,238 36,132 1,574 56,194
Doubtful - - - - - - - -
Loss - - - - - - - -
Total loans $ 252,040 $ 644,141 $ 484,822 $ 364,604 $ 122,644 $ 553,919 $ 150,128 $ 2,572,298
Current period gross write-offs $ 1,304 $ 3,829 $ 2,100 $ 578 $ 255 $ 347 $ 412 $ 8,825

Table of Contents

The Company generally places a loan on nonaccrual status when it is 90 days or more past due.  The following table presents nonaccrual loans, by loan class, as of the dates indicated:

March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands) No Allowance With an Allowance Total No Allowance With an Allowance Total
Commercial loans
Construction, development, and other land $ 166 $ - $ 166 $ 172 $ — $ 172
Commercial and industrial 1,333 - 1,333 1,438 — 1,438
Multi-family residential 174 - 174 183 — 183
Single family non-owner occupied 978 - 978 832 — 832
Non-farm, non-residential 1,931 1,140 3,071 1,271 1,173 2,444
Agricultural 1,499 - 1,499 1,558 — 1,558
Farmland 125 - 125 123 — 123
Consumer real estate loans
Home equity lines 1,229 - 1,229 1,335 — 1,335
Single family owner occupied 9,392 - 9,392 9,365 — 9,365
Owner occupied construction - - - — — —
Consumer and other loans
Consumer loans 1,650 - 1,650 1,906 — 1,906
Total nonaccrual loans $ 18,477 $ 1,140 $ 19,617 $ 18,183 $ 1,173 $ 19,356

Loans are considered past due when either principal or interest payments become contractually delinquent by 30 days or more. The Company’s policy is to discontinue the accrual of interest, if warranted, on loans based on the payment status, evaluation of the related collateral, and the financial strength of the borrower. Loans that are 90 days or more past due are placed on nonaccrual status. Management may elect to continue the accrual of interest when the loan is well secured and in process of collection. When interest accruals are discontinued, interest accrued and not collected in the current year is reversed from income, and interest accrued and not collected from prior years is charged to the allowance for credit losses. Nonaccrual loans may be returned to accrual status when all principal and interest amounts contractually due, including past due payments, are brought current; the ability of the borrower to repay the obligation is reasonably assured; and there is generally a period of at least six months of repayment performance by the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms. There was no material nonaccrual loan interest recognized in income during the first quarter of  2024 or  2023.

The following tables presents the aging of past due loans, by loan class, as of the dates indicated. Nonaccrual loans 30 days or more past due are included in the applicable delinquency category:

March 31, 2024
Amortized Cost of
30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days 90+ Days Total Current Total > 90 Days Accruing
(Amounts in thousands) Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Loans Loans No Allowance
Commercial loans
Construction, development, and other land $ 23 $ 6 $ 23 $ 52 $ 88,789 $ 88,841 $ -
Commercial and industrial 1,000 435 439 1,874 201,656 203,530 -
Multi-family residential 112 - 114 226 193,962 194,188 -
Single family non-owner occupied 688 - 219 907 218,762 219,669 -
Non-farm, non-residential 1,896 - 955 2,851 884,404 887,255 -
Agricultural 417 272 246 935 18,828 19,763 -
Farmland 123 2 - 125 13,447 13,572 -
Consumer real estate loans
Home equity lines 551 159 430 1,140 86,041 87,181 -
Single family owner occupied 5,204 1,841 3,780 10,825 676,985 687,810 -
Owner occupied construction - - - - 5,848 5,848 -
Consumer and other loans
Consumer loans 2,916 927 568 4,411 106,376 110,787 -
Other - - - - 1,389 1,389 -
Total loans $ 12,930 $ 3,642 $ 6,774 $ 23,346 $ 2,496,487 $ 2,519,833 $ -

Table of Contents

December 31, 2023
Amortized Cost of
30 - 59 Days 60 - 89 Days 90+ Days Total Current Total > 90 Days Accruing
(Amounts in thousands) Past Due Past Due Past Due Past Due Loans Loans No Allowance
Commercial loans
Construction, development, and other land $ 38 $ 6 $ 23 $ 67 $ 105,878 $ 105,945 $ —
Commercial and industrial 1,232 766 390 2,388 209,462 211,850 —
Multi-family residential 115 68 — 183 188,199 188,382 —
Single family non-owner occupied 777 455 232 1,464 223,431 224,895 —
Non-farm, non-residential 617 229 382 1,228 893,322 894,550 —
Agricultural 22 56 217 295 21,374 21,669 —
Farmland 15 — — 15 14,187 14,202 —
Consumer real estate loans
Home equity lines 639 343 534 1,516 86,110 87,626 —
Single family owner occupied 6,108 2,831 3,519 12,458 683,682 696,140 —
Owner occupied construction — — — — 8,445 8,445 —
Consumer and other loans
Consumer loans 4,390 1,440 1,087 6,917 110,174 117,091 —
Other — — — — 1,503 1,503 —
Total loans $ 13,953 $ 6,194 $ 6,384 $ 26,531 $ 2,545,767 $ 2,572,298 $ —

ASC 326 prescribes that when an entity determines foreclosure is probable, the expected credit loss can be measured based on the fair value of the collateral. As a practical expedient, an entity may use the fair value as of the reporting date when recording the net carrying amount of the asset. For the collateral dependent asset ("CDA") a credit loss expense is recorded for loan amounts in excess of fair value of the collateral.  The table below summarizes collateral dependent loans, where foreclosure is probable, by type of collateral, and the extent to which they are collateralized during the period.

March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands) Balance Collateral Coverage % Balance Collateral Coverage %
Commercial Real Estate
Other $ 1,140 $ 825 72.37 % $ 1,173 $ 825 70.33 %
Total collateral dependent loans $ 1,140 $ 825 72.37 % $ 1,173 $ 825 70.33 %

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The Company may make concessions in interest rates, loan terms and/or amortization terms when restructuring loans for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.  Effective, January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. The amendments eliminated TDR accounting guidance for issuers that adopted ASU 2016-13, created a single loan modification accounting model, and clarified disclosure requirements for loan modifications and write-offs.  Presented below are the amortized cost basis and percentage of loan class for loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by loan class, concession type, and financial effect as of the dates indicated:

Payment Delays
Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of
March 31, 2024 Financing Receivable Financial Effect
(Amounts in thousands)
Non farm, non residential property $ 662 0.08 % Deferred 6 months of interest to loan maturity
Single family owner occupied 540 0.08 % Deferred $66 thousand in principal to loan maturity
Single family non owner occupied 87 0.04 % Deferred 6 months of interest to loan maturity
Commercial & industrial 161 0.08 % Deferred $8 thousand in principal to loan maturity
Total $ 1,450
Term Extensions
Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of
March 31, 2024 Financing Receivable Financial Effect
(Amounts in thousands)
Consumer $ 5 0.01 % Extended term from 60 to 84 months
Total $ 5
Principal Forgiveness
Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of
March 31, 2024 Financing Receivable Financial Effect
(Amounts in thousands)
Single family owner occupied $ 3 0.00 % Reduced amortized cost basis by $13 thousand
Total $ 3
Term Extension and Rate Reduction
Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of
March 31, 2024 Financing Receivable Financial Effect
(Amounts in thousands)
Single family owner occupied $ 719 0.11 % Reduced interest income and extended time to recover principal.
Total $ 719

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Payment Delays
Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of
December 31, 2023 Financing Receivable Financial Effect
(Amounts in thousands)
Non farm, non residential property $ 662 0.07 % Deferred 6 months of interest to loan maturity
Single family owner occupied 548 0.08 % Deferred $66 thousand in principal to loan maturity
Single family non owner occupied 89 0.04 % Deferred 6 months of interest to loan maturity
Commercial & industrial 171 0.08 % Deferred $8 thousand in principal to loan maturity
Total $ 1,470
Term Extensions
Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of
December 31, 2023 Financing Receivable Financial Effect
(Amounts in thousands)
Consumer $ 6 0.01 % Extended term from 60 to 84 months
Total $ 6
Principal Forgiveness
Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of
December 31, 2023 Financing Receivable Financial Effect
(Amounts in thousands)
Single family owner occupied $ 5 0.00 % Reduced amortized cost basis by $13 thousand
Total $ 5
Term Extension and Rate Reduction
Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of
December 31, 2023 Financing Receivable Financial Effect
(Amounts in thousands)
Single family owner occupied $ 565 0.08 % Reduced interest income and extended time to recover principal
Total $ 565

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Upon the Company's determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is written off.  Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount.  There were no modified loans (or portions of a loan) deemed uncollectible as of  March 31, 2024, or  December 31, 2023.

The Company closely monitors the performance of the loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts.  The following table depicts the performance of loans that have been modified in the last three months:

March 31, 2024
Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis)
Current 30-89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due
(Amounts in thousands)
Non farm, non residential property $ 662 $ - $ -
Single family owner occupied 1,012 250 -
Single family non owner occupied 87 - -
Commercial & Industrial 161 - -
Consumer 5 - -
Total $ 1,927 $ 250 $ -
December 31, 2023
Payment Status (Amortized Cost Basis)
Current 30-89 Days Past Due 90+ Days Past Due
(Amounts in thousands)
Non farm, non residential $ 662 $ - $ -
Single family owner occupied 864 254 -
Single family non owner occupied 89 - -
Commercial & industrial 171 - -
Consumer 6 - -
Total $ 1,792 $ 254 $ -

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The following table provides information about other real estate owned (“OREO”), which consists of properties acquired through foreclosure, as of the dates indicated:

March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)
OREO $ 374 $ 192
OREO secured by residential real estate $ 374 $ 192
Residential real estate loans in the foreclosure process^(1)^ $ 2,657 $ 1,895
(1) The recorded investment in consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate that are in the process of foreclosure according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction
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Note 6 . Allowance for Credit Losses ****

The following tables present the changes in the allowance for credit losses, by loan segment, during the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
**** Consumer Real Consumer and Total
(Amounts in thousands) Commercial Estate Other Allowance
Total allowance **** **** **** ****
Balance at beginning of quarter:
Allowance for credit losses - loans $ 21,850 $ 9,693 $ 4,646 $ 36,189
Allowance for credit losses - loan commitments 597 121 28 746
Total allowance for credit losses beginning of year 22,447 9,814 4,674 36,935
Provision for credit losses:
Provision (recovery) for credit losses - loans (552 ) (135 ) 1,698 1,011
Provision for credit losses - loan commitments - - - -
Total (recovery) provision for credit losses - loans and loan commitments (552 ) (135 ) 1,698 1,011
Charge-offs (362 ) (66 ) (2,020 ) (2,448 )
Recoveries 116 209 384 709
Net (charge-offs) recoveries (246 ) 143 (1,636 ) (1,739 )
Allowance for credit losses - loans 21,052 9,701 4,708 35,461
Allowance for credit losses - loan commitments 597 121 28 746
Ending balance $ 21,649 $ 9,822 $ 4,736 $ 36,207
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
**** Consumer Real Consumer and Total
(Amounts in thousands) Commercial Estate Other Allowance
Total allowance **** **** **** ****
Balance at beginning of quarter:
Allowance for credit losses - loans $ 17,213 $ 8,931 $ 4,412 $ 30,556
Allowance for credit losses - loan commitments 1,018 156 22 1,196
Total allowance for credit losses beginning of year 18,231 9,087 4,434 31,752
Provision for credit losses:
Provision for credit losses - loans 37 103 1,834 1,974
(Recovery) provision for credit losses - loan commitments (232 ) (6 ) 6 (232 )
Total (recovery) provision for credit losses - loans and loan commitments (195 ) 97 1,840 1,742
Charge-offs (173 ) (98 ) (2,299 ) (2,570 )
Recoveries 192 59 578 829
Net recoveries (charge-offs) 19 (39 ) (1,721 ) (1,741 )
Allowance for credit losses - loans 17,269 8,995 4,525 30,789
Allowance for credit losses - loan commitments 786 150 28 964
Ending balance $ 18,055 $ 9,145 $ 4,553 $ 31,753

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Note 7 . Deposits

The following table presents the components of deposits as of the dates indicated:

March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits $ 902,396 $ 931,920
Interest-bearing deposits:
Interest-bearing demand deposits 661,656 693,979
Money market accounts 329,310 307,487
Savings deposits 541,341 535,566
Certificates of deposit 163,827 166,417
Individual retirement accounts 83,685 86,956
Total interest-bearing deposits 1,779,819 1,790,405
Total deposits $ 2,682,215 $ 2,722,325

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Note 8 . Borrowings

The following table presents the components of borrowings as of the dates indicated:

March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Weighted Weighted
(Amounts in thousands) Balance Average Rate Balance Average Rate
Retail repurchase agreements $ 1,006 0.05 % $ 1,119 0.06 %

Repurchase agreements are secured by certain securities that remain under the Company’s control during the terms of the agreements.

The Company had no long-term borrowings as of March 31, 2024, or  December 31, 2023.

Unused borrowing capacity with the FHLB totaled $402.00 million, net of FHLB letters of credit of $123.34 million, as of March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2024, the Company maintains $525.34 million in qualifying loans to secure the FHLB borrowing capacity.

Note 9 . Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Generally, derivative instruments help the Company manage exposure to market risk and meet customer financing needs. Market risk represents the possibility that fluctuations in external factors such as interest rates, market-driven loan rates, prices, or other economic factors will adversely affect economic value or net interest income.

The Company has used interest rate swap contracts to modify its exposure to interest rate risk caused by changes in benchmark interest rates in relation to certain designated fixed rate loans.  These instruments are used to convert these fixed rate loans to an effective floating rate. If the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus a spread falls below the loan’s stated fixed rate for a given period, the Company will owe the floating rate payer the notional amount times the difference between the floating rate and the stated fixed rate. If SOFR is above the stated rate for a given period, the Company will receive payments based on the notional amount times the difference between the floating rate and the stated fixed rate.

Certain of the Company's interest rate swaps qualify as fair value hedging instruments; therefore, fair value changes in the derivative and hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in earnings in the same period. The fair value hedges were effective as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023.

Through July 2022, the Company had certain interest rate swaps that did not qualify as fair value hedges and the fair value changes in the derivative were recognized in earnings each period.  On July 26, 2022, these swaps were terminated at a cost of $72 thousand.

The following table presents the notional, or contractual, amounts and fair values of derivative instruments as of the dates indicated:

March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Notional or Fair Value Notional or Fair Value
Contractual Derivative Derivative Contractual Derivative Derivative
(Amounts in thousands) Amount Assets Liabilities Amount Assets Liabilities
Derivatives designated as hedges
Interest rate swaps $ 3,447 $ 168 $ - $ 3,557 $ 136 $ -
Total derivatives $ 3,447 $ 168 $ - $ 3,557 $ 136 $ -

The following table presents the effect of derivative and hedging activity, if applicable, on the consolidated statements of income for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended March 31,
(Amounts in thousands) 2024 2023 Income Statement Location
Derivatives designated as hedges
Interest rate swaps $ (27 ) $ (20 ) Interest and fees on loans
Total derivative (income) expense $ (27 ) $ (20 )

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Note 10 . Employee Benefit Plans

The Company maintains two nonqualified domestic, noncontributory defined benefit plans (the “Benefit Plans”) for key members of senior management and non-management directors. The Company’s unfunded Benefit Plans include the Supplemental Executive Retention Plan ("SERP") and the Directors’ Supplemental Retirement Plan ("Director Plan"). The SERP was frozen near the end of 2021; the Director Plan was fundamentally frozen at that time as well. The following table presents the components of net periodic pension cost and the effect on the consolidated statements of income for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2024 2023 Income Statement Location
(Amounts in thousands)
Service cost $ - $ - Salaries and employee benefits
Interest cost 104 82 Other expense
Amortization of prior service cost - - Other expense
Amortization of losses 9 33 Other expense
Net periodic cost $ 113 $ 115

Note 11 . Earnings per Share

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2024 2023
(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)
Net income $ 12,845 $ 11,782
Adjust net income for fair value of restricted stock units (tax effected) 240 25
Net income for fully dilutive earnings per common share $ 13,085 $ 11,807
Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic 18,476,128 16,228,297
Dilutive effect of potential common shares
Stock options 21,132 16,405
Unvested stock awards - -
Restricted stock units 48,651 44,787
Total dilutive effect of potential common shares 69,782 61,192
Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted 18,545,910 16,289,489
Basic earnings per common share $ 0.70 $ 0.73
Diluted earnings per common share 0.71 0.72
Antidilutive potential common shares
Stock options - 131,198
Stock units - -
Total potential antidilutive shares - 131,198

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Note 12 . Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following tables present the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”), net of tax and by component, during the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Unrealized **** ****
Losses on Available- **** ****
for-Sale Securities Employee Benefit Plans Total
(Amounts in thousands)
Beginning balance $ (11,126 ) $ 175 $ (10,951 )
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications (948 ) (7 ) (955 )
Reclassified from AOCI - 7 7
Other comprehensive loss, net (948 ) - (948 )
Ending balance $ (12,074 ) $ 175 $ (11,899 )
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Unrealized **** ****
Losses on Available- **** ****
for-Sale Securities Employee Benefit Plans Total
(Amounts in thousands)
Beginning balance $ (15,621 ) $ (98 ) $ (15,719 )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications 2,499 (26 ) 2,473
Reclassified from AOCI (5 ) 26 21
Other comprehensive income, net 2,494 - 2,494
Ending balance $ (13,127 ) $ (98 ) $ (13,225 )

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The following table presents reclassifications out of AOCI, by component, during the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended
March 31, Income Statement
(Amounts in thousands) 2024 2023 Line Item Affected
Available-for-sale securities
Gain recognized $ - $ (7 ) Net loss on sale of securities
Reclassified out of AOCI, before tax - (7 ) Income before income taxes
Income tax expense - (2 ) Income tax expense
Reclassified out of AOCI, net of tax - (5 ) Net income
Employee benefit plans
Amortization of prior service cost $ - $ - Salaries and employee benefits
Amortization of net actuarial benefit cost 9 33 Salaries and employee benefits
Reclassified out of AOCI, before tax 9 33 Income before income taxes
Income tax expense 2 7 Income tax expense
Reclassified out of AOCI, net of tax 7 26 Net income
Total reclassified out of AOCI, net of tax $ 7 $ 21 Net income
(1) Amortization is included in net periodic pension cost. See Note 10, "Employee Benefit Plans."
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Note 13 . Fair Value

Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The fair value hierarchy ranks the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

● Level 1 – Observable, unadjusted quoted prices in active markets
● Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are directly or indirectly observable for the asset or liability
--- ---
● Level 3 – Unobservable inputs with little or no market activity that require the Company to use reasonable inputs and assumptions
--- ---

The Company uses fair value measurements to record adjustments to certain financial assets and liabilities on a recurring basis. The Company may be required to record certain assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in specific circumstances, such as evidence of impairment. Methodologies used to determine fair value might be highly subjective and judgmental in nature; therefore, valuations may not be precise. If the Company determines that a valuation technique change is necessary, the change is assumed to have occurred at the end of the respective reporting period. The following discussion describes the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments under the valuation hierarchy.

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Assets and Liabilities Reported at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Available-for-sale Debt Securities

Debt securities available-for-sale are reported at fair value on a recurring basis. The fair value of Level 1 securities is based on quoted market prices in active markets, if available. If quoted market prices are not available, fair values are measured utilizing independent valuation techniques of identical or similar securities for which significant assumptions are primarily derived from or corroborated by observable market data. Level 2 securities use fair value measurements from independent pricing services obtained by the Company. These fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information, and bond terms and conditions. The Company’s Level 2 securities include U.S. Agency and Treasury securities, municipal securities, and mortgage-backed securities. Securities are based on Level 3 inputs when there is limited activity or less transparency to the valuation inputs. In the absence of observable or corroborated market data, internally developed estimates that incorporate market-based assumptions are used when such information is available.

Fair value models may be required when trading activity has declined significantly or does not exist, prices are not current, or pricing variations are significant. For Level 3 securities, the Company obtains the cash flow of specific securities from third parties that use modeling software to determine cash flows based on market participant data and knowledge of the structures of each individual security. The fair values of Level 3 securities are determined by applying proper market observable discount rates to the cash flow derived from third-party models.  Securities with increased uncertainty about the receipt of cash flows are discounted at higher rates due to the addition of a deal specific credit premium based on assumptions about the performance of the underlying collateral. Finally, internal fair value model pricing and external pricing observations are combined by assigning weights to each pricing observation. Pricing is reviewed for reasonableness based on the direction of specific markets and the general economic indicators.

Equity Securities. Equity securities are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company uses Level 1 inputs to value equity securities that are traded in active markets. Equity securities that are not actively traded are classified in Level 2.

Loans Held for Investment. Loans held for investment that are subject to a fair value hedge are reported at fair value derived from third-party models. Loans designated in fair value hedges are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis.

Deferred Compensation Assets and Liabilities. Securities held for trading purposes are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and included in other assets in the consolidated balance sheets. These securities include assets related to employee deferred compensation plans, which are generally invested in Level 1 equity securities. The liability associated with these deferred compensation plans is carried at the fair value of the obligation to the employee, which corresponds to the fair value of the invested assets.

Derivative Assets and Liabilities. Derivatives are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company obtains dealer quotes, Level 2 inputs, based on observable data to value derivatives.

The following tables summarize financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, by the level of valuation inputs in the fair value hierarchy, as of the dates indicated:

March 31, 2024
Total Fair Value Measurements Using
(Amounts in thousands) Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. Agency securities $ 5,750 $ - $ 5,750 $ -
U.S. Treasury securities 36,324 - 36,324 -
Municipal securities 18,112 - 18,112 -
Corporate Notes 26,916 26,916
Agency mortgage-backed securities 79,145 - 79,145 -
Total available-for-sale debt securities 166,247 - 166,247 -
Equity securities 55 - 55 -
Fair value loans 3,279 - - 3,279
Derivative assets 168 - 168 -
Deferred compensation assets 7,464 7,464 - -
Deferred compensation liabilities 9,042 9,042 - -
December 31, 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Total Fair Value Measurements Using
(Amounts in thousands) Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Available-for-sale debt securities
U.S. Agency securities $ 5,749 $ - $ 5,749 $ -
U.S. Treasury securities 145,826 - 145,826 -
Municipal securities 19,377 - 19,377 -
Corporate notes 27,081 - 27,081 -
Agency mortgage-backed securities 82,928 - 82,928 -
Total available-for-sale debt securities 280,961 - 280,961 -
Equity securities 55 - 55 -
Fair value loans 3,421 - - 3,421
Derivative assets 136 - 136 -
Deferred compensation assets 6,729 6,729 - -
Deferred compensation liabilities 8,282 8,282 - -

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Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

Impaired Loans. Fair value is based on appraised value adjusted for customized discounting criteria, Level 3 inputs.

The Company maintains an active and robust problem credit identification system. The impairment review includes obtaining third-party collateral valuations to help management identify potential credit impairment and determine the amount of impairment to record. The Company’s Special Assets staff manages and monitors all impaired loans. Internal collateral valuations are generally performed within two to four weeks of identifying the initial potential impairment. The internal valuation compares the original appraisal to current local real estate market conditions and considers experience and expected liquidation costs. The Company typically receives a third-party valuation within thirty to forty-five days of completing the internal valuation. When a third-party valuation is received, it is reviewed for reasonableness. Once the valuation is reviewed and accepted, discounts are applied to fair market value, based on, but not limited to, our historical liquidation experience for like collateral, resulting in an estimated net realizable value. The estimated net realizable value is compared to the outstanding loan balance to determine the appropriate amount of specific impairment reserve.

OREO. OREO is recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis using Level 3 inputs. The Company calculates the fair value of OREO from current or prior appraisals that have been adjusted for valuation declines, estimated selling costs, and other proprietary qualitative adjustments that are deemed necessary.

The following tables present assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, by the level of valuation inputs in the fair value hierarchy, as of the dates indicated:

March 31, 2024
Total Fair Value Measurements Using
Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(Amounts in thousands)
Collateral dependent assets with specific reserves $ 825 $ - $ - $ 825
OREO 374 - - 374
December 31, 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Total Fair Value Measurements Using
Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(Amounts in thousands)
Collateral dependent assets with specific reserves $ 825 $ - $ - $ 825
OREO 192 - - 192

Quantitative Information about Level 3 Fair Value Measurements

The following tables provides quantitative information for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis using Level 3 valuation inputs as of the dates indicated:

Discount Range
Valuation Unobservable (Weighted Average)
Technique Input March 31, 2024
Collateral dependent assets with specific reserves Discounted appraisals(1) Appraisal adjustments(2) 38% (38%)
OREO Discounted appraisals^(1)^ Appraisal adjustments^(2)^ 20% to 100% (50%)
(1) Fair value is generally based on appraisals of the underlying collateral.
--- ---
(2) Appraisals may be adjusted by management for customized discounting criteria, estimated sales costs, and proprietary qualitative adjustments.
Discount Range
--- --- --- --- ---
Valuation Unobservable (Weighted Average)
Technique Input December 31, 2023
Collateral dependent assets with specific reserves Discounted appraisals^(1)^ Appraisal adjustments^(2)^ 42% (42%)
OREO Discounted appraisals^(1)^ Appraisal adjustments^(2)^ 20% to 100% (60%)
(1) Fair value is generally based on appraisals of the underlying collateral.
--- ---
(2) Appraisals may be adjusted by management for customized discounting criteria, estimated sales costs, and proprietary qualitative adjustments.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following tables present the carrying amounts and fair values of financial instruments, by the level of valuation inputs in the fair value hierarchy, as of the dates indicated:

March 31, 2024
Carrying Fair Value Measurements Using
(Amounts in thousands) Amount Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 248,905 $ 248,905 $ 248,905 $ - $ -
Debt securities available-for-sale 166,247 166,247 - 166,247 -
Equity securities 55 55 - 55 -
Loans held for investment, net of allowance 2,484,372 2,247,195 - - 2,247,195
Derivative financial assets 168 168 - 168 -
Interest receivable 10,719 10,719 - 1,125 9,594
Deferred compensation assets 7,464 7,464 7,464 - -
Liabilities
Time deposits 247,512 243,842 - 243,842 -
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 1,006 1,006 - 1,006 -
Interest payable 674 674 - 674 -
Deferred compensation liabilities 9,042 9,042 9,042 - -
December 31, 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Carrying Fair Value Measurements Using
(Amounts in thousands) Amount Fair Value Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 116,420 $ 116,420 $ 116,420 $ - $ -
Debt securities available-for-sale 280,961 280,961 - 280,961 -
Equity securities 55 55 - 55 -
Loans held for investment, net of allowance 2,536,109 2,350,071 - - 2,350,071
Interest receivable 10,881 10,881 - 1,246 9,635
Deferred compensation assets 6,729 6,729 6,729 - -
Derivative assets 136 136 - 136 -
Liabilities
Time deposits 253,373 247,141 - 247,141 -
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 1,119 1,119 - 1,119 -
Interest payable 556 556 - 556 -
Deferred compensation liabilities 8,282 8,282 8,282 - -

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Note 14 . Litigation, Commitments , and Contingencies ****

Litigation

On June 24, 2022, the Bank was sued in a putative class action lawsuit filed by two customers of the Bank in federal court. The plaintiffs, individually and as putative class representatives, allege that the Bank breached its deposit account agreements and was unjustly enriched by collecting overdraft fees with respect to certain debit card transactions and the assessment of multiple nonsufficient funds fees as to items presented for payment against nonsufficient funds more than one time. No class has been certified. The Bank disputes the allegations and has actively defended itself, but it is exploring settlement opportunities. We cannot provide assurance whether a settlement will be reached, the final terms or timing of any such settlement, or the negotiated amount of any settlement with respect to this matter. The Bank previously accrued for a settlement; however, if the Bank cannot reach a settlement or if the court rejects any settlement proposed by the Bank and plaintiffs’ counsel, the Bank may need to litigate the matter in court. If the Bank must litigate, it will defend itself vigorously. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, believes it is currently not possible to predict the ultimate resolution with respect to this litigation.

We are currently a defendant in other legal actions and asserted claims in the normal course of business. Although we are unable to assess the ultimate outcome of each matter with certainty, we believe that the resolution of these actions should not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, and financial guarantees. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk beyond the amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The contractual amounts of these instruments reflect the extent of involvement the Company has in particular classes of financial instruments. If the other party to a financial instrument does not perform, the Company’s credit loss exposure is the same as the contractual amount of the instrument. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on balance sheet instruments.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many commitments are expected to expire without being drawn on, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, is based on management’s credit evaluation of each customer on a case-by-case basis. Collateral may include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, and income producing commercial properties. The Company maintains a reserve for the risk inherent in unfunded lending commitments, which is included in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending credit to customers. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary, to secure the customer’s performance under certain letters of credit is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.

The following table presents the off-balance sheet financial instruments as of the dates indicated:

March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)
Commitments to extend credit $ 264,511 $ 277,462
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees^(1)^ 126,513 129,220
Total off-balance sheet risk $ 391,024 $ 406,682
(1) Includes FHLB letters of credit
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ITEM 2.     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand our financial condition, changes in financial condition, and results of operations. MD&A contains forward-looking statements and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, accompanying notes, and other financial information included in this report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “2023 Form 10-K”). Unless the context suggests otherwise, the terms “First Community,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to First Community Bankshares, Inc. and its subsidiaries as a consolidated entity.

Executive Overview

First Community Bankshares, Inc. (the “Company”) is a financial holding company, headquartered in Bluefield, Virginia, that provides banking products and services through its wholly owned subsidiary First Community Bank (the “Bank”), a Virginia chartered bank institution. As of March 31, 2024, the Bank operated 53 branches in Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina and Tennessee. As of March 31, 2024, full-time equivalent employees, calculated using the number of hours worked, totaled 596. Our primary source of earnings is net interest income, the difference between interest earned on assets and interest paid on liabilities, which is supplemented by fees for services, commissions on sales, and various deposit service charges. We fund our lending and investing activities primarily through the retail deposit operations of our branch banking network. We invest our funds primarily in loans to retail and commercial customers and various investment securities. Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol FCBC.

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The Bank offers trust management, estate administration, and investment advisory services through its Trust Division and wholly owned subsidiary First Community Wealth Management Inc. (“FCWM”). The Trust Division manages inter vivos trusts and trusts under will, develops and administers employee benefit and individual retirement plans, and manages and settles estates. Fiduciary fees for these services are charged on a schedule related to the size, nature, and complexity of the account. Revenues consist primarily of investment advisory fees and commissions on assets under management and administration. As of March 31, 2024, the Trust Division and FCWM managed and administered $1.55 billion in combined assets under various fee-based arrangements as fiduciary or agent. The Bank also offers a full range of commercial and personal insurance products through its strategic partnership with Bankers Insurance, LLC.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We prepare our consolidated financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the U.S. and conform to general practices within the banking industry. Our financial position and results of operations may require management to make significant estimates and assumptions that have a material impact on our financial condition or operating performance. Due to the level of subjectivity and the susceptibility of such matters to change, actual results could differ significantly from management’s assumptions and estimates. Estimates, assumptions, and judgments, which are periodically evaluated, are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events believed reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates are generally necessary when assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at estimated fair value, when a decline in the value of an asset carried on the financial statements at fair value warrants an impairment write-down or a valuation reserve, or when an asset or liability needs recorded based on the probability of occurrence of a future event. Carrying assets and liabilities at fair value inherently results in more financial statement volatility. Fair values and information used to record valuation adjustments for certain assets and liabilities are based on quoted market prices, when available, or third-party sources. When quoted prices or third-party information is not available, management estimates valuation adjustments primarily through the use of financial modeling techniques and appraisal estimates.

Our accounting policies are fundamental in understanding MD&A and the disclosures presented in Item 1, “Financial Statements,” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our accounting policies are described in detail in Note 1, “Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of our 2023 Form 10-K. Our critical accounting estimates are detailed in the “Critical Accounting Estimates” section in Part II, Item 7 of our 2023 Form 10-K.

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Performance Overview

Highlights of our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and financial condition as of March 31, 2024, include the following:

● Net income of $12.85 million for the first quarter of 2024, was an increase of $1.06 million, or 9.02%, from the same quarter of 2023.
● Net interest income increased $2.22 million compared to the same quarter in 2023, as increases in benchmark interest rates have improved net interest margin.
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● Provision for credit losses was approximately $731 thousand lower than the same quarter last year.
● Net interest margin of 4.47% is an increase of 12 basis points over the same quarter of 2023. The yield on earning assets increased 62 basis points primarily driven by increased earnings on loans.
● Interest and fees on loans increased $5.79 million from the same quarter of 2023 and is attributable to both an increase in yield and an increase in average balance compared to the yield and average balance of the prior year.  The Company acquired Surrey Bancorp on April 21, 2023, adding approximately $239.08 million in loans.
● Noninterest income increased approximately $676 thousand, or 7.88%, when compared to the same quarter of 2023. The increase was primarily driven by increased interchange income. Noninterest expense increased $2.57 million, or 12.36%. The increase in noninterest expense was primarily driven by salaries and employee benefits, service fees, and other operating expense. The increase in non interest expense is primarily attributable to the addition of Surrey branches and staff.
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● Annualized return on average assets was 1.60% for the first quarter of 2024 compared to 1.55% for the same period of 2023.  Annualized return on average common equity was 10.18% for the first quarter of 2024 compared to 11.15% for the same period of 2023.
● Consolidated assets totaled $3.24 billion at March 31, 2024.
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● Securities available-for-sale decreased $114.71 million, or 40.83%, from December 31,2023. The decrease is primarily attributable to the maturity of $115.75 million in U.S. Treasury Notes during the first quarter of 2024. Loans decreased $52.47 million, or 2.04%. Deposits decreased $40.11 million, or 1.47%. The net effect of these balance sheet changes resulted in an increase in cash and cash equivalents of $132.49 million, or 113.80%.
● The Company repurchased 89,396 common shares during the first quarter of 2024 for a total cost of $2.97 million.
● Non-performing loans to total loans increased slightly to 0.78% when compared with the same quarter of 2023.  The Company experienced net charge-offs for the first quarter of 2024 of $1.74 million, or 0.27%, of annualized average loans, compared to net charge-offs of $1.74 million, or 0.29%, of annualized average loans for the same period of 2023.
● The allowance for credit losses to total loans was 1.41% at March 31, 2024 compared to 1.41% at December 31, 2023, and 1.29% for March 31, 2023.
● Book value per share at March 31, 2024, was $27.53, an increase of $0.33 from year-end 2023.

Results of Operations

Net Income

The following table presents the changes in net income and related information for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands, except per March 31, Increase ****
share data) 2024 2023 (Decrease) % Change
Net income $ 12,845 $ 11,782 $ 1,063 9.02 %
Basic earnings per common share 0.70 0.73 (0.03 ) -4.11 %
Diluted earnings per common share 0.71 0.72 (0.01 ) -1.39 %
Return on average assets 1.60 % 1.55 % 0.05 % 3.23 %
Return on average common equity 10.18 % 11.15 % -0.97 % -8.70 %

Three - Month Comparison .

Net income increased $1.06 million in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023.  The increase is primarily attributable to an increase in net interest income of $2.22 million. Provision for credit losses decreased $731 thousand and noninterest income increased $676 thousand.   These increases were offset by an increase in noninterest expense of $2.57 million compared to the same period in 2023.

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Net Interest Income

Net interest income, our largest contributor to earnings, is analyzed on a fully taxable equivalent (“FTE”) basis, a non-GAAP financial measure. For additional information, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below. The following tables present the consolidated average balance sheets and net interest analysis on a FTE basis for the dates indicated:

AVERAGE BALANCE SHEETS AND NET INTEREST INCOME ANALYSIS (Unaudited)
Three Months Ended March 31,
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
2024 2023
Average Average Yield/ Average Average Yield/
(Amounts in thousands) Balance Interest(1) Rate(1) Balance Interest(1) Rate(1)
Assets **** ****
Earning assets
Loans^(2)(3)^ $ 2,549,107 $ 33,500 5.29 % $ 2,393,759 $ 27,698 4.69 %
Securities available-for-sale 239,010 1,731 2.91 % 316,734 2,140 2.74 %
Interest-bearing deposits 66,483 916 5.54 % 40,993 465 4.60 %
Total earning assets 2,854,600 36,147 5.09 % 2,751,486 30,303 4.47 %
Other assets 373,614 322,789
Total assets $ 3,228,214 $ 3,074,275
Liabilities and stockholders' equity **** ****
Interest-bearing deposits
Demand deposits $ 665,875 $ 162 0.10 % $ 666,447 $ 26 0.02 %
Savings deposits 866,084 3,412 1.58 % 827,414 484 0.24 %
Time deposits 249,974 790 1.27 % 271,214 208 0.31 %
Total interest-bearing deposits 1,781,933 4,364 0.98 % 1,765,075 718 0.16 %
Borrowings
Retail repurchase agreements 1,127 - 0.05 % 2,086 1 0.06 %
Federal funds purchased 2,527 35 5.52 % 4,719 58 5.07 %
Total borrowings 3,654 35 3.85 % 6,805 59 0.07 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities 1,785,587 4,399 0.99 % 1,771,880 777 0.18 %
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits 886,947 838,041
Other liabilities 48,298 35,669
Total liabilities 2,720,832 2,645,590
Stockholders' equity 507,382 428,685
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 3,228,214 $ 3,074,275
Net interest income, FTE^(1)^ $ 31,748 $ 29,526
Net interest rate spread 4.10 % 4.29 %
Net interest margin, FTE^(1)^ 4.47 % 4.35 %
(1) Interest income and average yield/rate are presented on a FTE, non-GAAP, basis using the federal statutory income tax rate of 21%.
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(2) Nonaccrual loans are included in the average balance; however, no related interest income is recorded during the period of nonaccrual.
(3) Interest on loans includes non-cash and accelerated purchase accounting accretion of $781 thousand and $193 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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The following table presents the impact to net interest income on an FTE basis due to changes in volume (change in average volume times the prior year’s average rate), rate (average rate times the prior year’s average volume), and rate/volume (average volume times the change in average rate), for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2024 Compared to 2023
Dollar Increase (Decrease) due to
**** Rate/ ****
(Amounts in thousands) Volume Rate Volume Total
Interest earned on (1)
Loans $ 1,798 $ 3,501 $ 503 $ 5,802
Securities available-for-sale (525 ) 136 (20 ) (409 )
Interest-bearing deposits with other banks 289 95 67 451
Total interest earning assets 1,562 3,732 550 5,844
Interest paid on
Demand deposits - 135 1 136
Savings deposits 23 2,750 155 2,928
Time deposits (16 ) 642 (44 ) 582
Federal funds purchased - - (23 ) (23 )
Retail repurchase agreements - - (1 ) (1 )
FHLB advances and other borrowings - - - -
Total interest-bearing liabilities 7 3,527 88 3,622
Change in net interest income (1) $ 1,555 $ 205 $ 462 $ 2,222
(1) FTE basis based on the federal statutory rate of 21%.
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Three - Month Comparison. Net interest income comprised 77.36% of total net interest and noninterest income in the first quarter of 2024 compared to 77.41% in the same quarter of 2023. Net interest income on a GAAP basis increased $2.22 million, or 7.54%.  Net interest income on a FTE basis increased $2.22 million as well, with a percentage increase of 7.53%. The net interest margin on a FTE basis increased 12 basis points while the net interest spread on a FTE basis decreased 19 basis points. The increase in net interest margin was primarily driven by increase in the average balance for loans as well as an increase in the yield on loans.  The average balance for loans increased $155.35 million, while the yield increased 60 basis points resulting in a tax effected increase in interest on loans of $5.80 million compared to 2023.  The 19 basis point decrease in net interest spread is primarily due to the increase in yield for interest-bearing liabilities of 81 basis points versus the increase in yield for earning assets of 62 basis points.

Average earning assets increased $103.11 million, or 3.75%, primarily due to an increase in average loans as noted above.  In addition, the average balance for interest-bearing deposits with other banks increased $25.49 million, or 62.18%.  These increases to earning assets were offset by a decrease in the average balance for securities available-for-sale of $77.72 million, or 24.54%. The yield on earning assets increased 62 basis points, or 13.87%, primarily due to an increase in benchmark rates as compared to the same period of 2023. The average loan to deposit ratio increased to 95.51% from 91.96% reported in the same quarter of 2023. Non-cash accretion income increased to $781 thousand from $193 thousand reported in the same quarter of 2023 and is primarily due to the Surrey Bancorp acquisition.

Average interest-bearing liabilities, which consist of interest-bearing deposits and borrowings, increased $13.71 million, or 0.77%, primarily due to a increase in deposits. Savings deposits increased $38.67 million, or 4.67%, while time deposits decreased $21.24 million, or 7.83%.  The yield on interest-bearing liabilities increased 81 basis points and is primarily due to increases in benchmark rates throughout 2023.

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Provision for Credit Losses

Three - Month Comparison. The provision charged to operations decreased $731 thousand in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same quarter of 2023. Provision for credit losses for loans of $1.01 million was recorded in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the provision of $1.97 million recorded in the same period of 2023.   The decrease in provision is commensurate with changes in economic forecasts and changes in the loan portfolio.  There was no provision recorded for loan commitments during the first quarter of 2024.  There was a recovery of provision for loan commitments for the same quarter of 2023 of $232 thousand.

Noninterest Income

The following table presents the components of, and changes in, noninterest income for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended **** ****
March 31, Increase %
2024 2023 (Decrease) Change
(Amounts in thousands)
Wealth management $ 1,099 $ 1,017 $ 82 8.06 %
Service charges on deposits 3,310 3,159 151 4.78 %
Other service charges and fees 3,450 3,082 368 11.94 %
Gain on sale of securities - 7 (7 ) -100.00 %
Other operating income 1,400 1,318 82 6.22 %
Total noninterest income $ 9,259 $ 8,583 $ 676 7.88 %

Three - Month Comparison. Noninterest income comprised 22.64% of total net interest and noninterest income in the first quarter of 2024 compared to 22.59% in the same quarter of 2023. Noninterest income increased $676 thousand or 7.88%.  Other service charges and fees increased $368 thousand and was primarily driven by an increase in interchange income.  Service charges on deposits increased $151 thousand.  Increases in these categories can both be attributed to increased activity resulting from the Surrey acquisition.

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Noninterest Expense

The following table presents the components of, and changes in, noninterest expense for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended **** ****
March 31, Increase %
2024 2023 (Decrease) Change
(Amounts in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits $ 12,581 $ 11,595 $ 986 8.50 %
Occupancy expense 1,378 1,168 210 17.98 %
Furniture and equipment expense 1,545 1,401 144 10.28 %
Service fees 2,449 2,019 430 21.30 %
Advertising and public relations 796 643 153 23.79 %
Professional fees 372 327 45 13.76 %
Amortization of intangibles 530 234 296 126.50 %
FDIC premiums and assessments 369 320 49 15.31 %
Merger expense - 379 (379 ) -100.00 %
Other operating expense 3,366 2,727 639 23.43 %
Total noninterest expense $ 23,386 $ 20,813 $ 2,573 12.36 %

Three - Month Comparison. Noninterest expense increased $2.57 million, or 12.36%, in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same quarter of 2023. The increase is primarily attributable to an increase in salaries and employee benefits of $986 thousand, other operating expense of $639 thousand, and service fees of $430 thousand.  The increase in noninterest expense is primarily attributable to the addition of Surrey branches and staff.

I ncome Tax Expense

The Company’s effective tax rate, income tax as a percent of pre-tax income, may vary significantly from the statutory rate due to permanent differences and available tax credits. Permanent differences are income and expense items excluded by law in the calculation of taxable income. The Company’s most significant permanent differences generally include interest income on municipal securities and increases in the cash surrender value of life insurance policies.

Three-Month Comparison. Income tax expense decreased $12 thousand, or 0.33%.  The effective tax rate decreased to 22.11% in the first quarter of 2024 from 23.69% in the same quarter of 2023.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, we use certain non-GAAP financial measures that management believes provide investors with important information useful in understanding our operational performance and comparing our financial measures with other financial institutions. The non-GAAP financial measure presented in this report includes net interest income on a FTE basis. We believe FTE basis is the preferred industry measurement of net interest income and provides better comparability between taxable and tax exempt amounts. We use this non-GAAP financial measure to monitor net interest income performance and to manage the composition of our balance sheet. The FTE basis adjusts for the tax benefits of income from certain tax exempt loans and investments using the federal statutory rate of 21%. While we believe certain non-GAAP financial measures enhance understanding of our business and performance, they are supplemental and not a substitute for, or more important than, financial measures prepared on a GAAP basis. Our non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to those reported by other financial institutions. The reconciliations of non-GAAP to GAAP measures are presented below.

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The following table reconciles net interest income and margin, as presented in our consolidated statements of income, to net interest income on a FTE basis for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2024 2023
(Amounts in thousands)
Net interest income, GAAP $ 31,629 $ 29,412
FTE adjustment(1) 119 114
Net interest income, FTE 31,748 29,526
Net interest margin, GAAP 4.45 % 4.33 %
FTE adjustment(1) 0.02 % 0.02 %
Net interest margin, FTE 4.47 % 4.35 %

(1) FTE basis of 21%.

Financial Condition

Total assets as of March 31, 2024, decreased $32.56 million, or 1.00%, from December 31, 2023.  The decrease in assets was primarily driven by decreases in the securities available-for-sale portfolio and loans.  Total liabilities decreased $36.21 million, or 1.31%, and was primarily driven by a decrease in deposits.  Stockholders' equity increased $3.65 million or 0.73%.

Investment Securities

Our investment securities are used to generate interest income through the employment of excess funds, to provide liquidity, to fund loan demand or deposit liquidation, and to pledge as collateral where required. The composition of our investment portfolio changes from time to time as we consider our liquidity needs, interest rate expectations, asset/liability management strategies, and capital requirements.

Available-for-sale debt securities as of March 31, 2024, decreased $114.71 million, or 40.83%, compared to December 31, 2023.  The decrease is due to the maturity of $115.75 million in U. S. Treasury Notes during the first quarter of 2024. The market value of debt securities available-for-sale as a percentage of amortized cost was 91.58% as of March 31, 2024, compared to 95.23% as of December 31, 2023.

Management evaluates securities for impairment where there has been a decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis of a security to determine whether there is a credit loss associated with the decline in fair value on at least a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. Credit losses are calculated individually, rather than collectively, using a discounted cash flow method, whereby management compares the present value of expected cash flows with the amortized cost basis of the security.  The credit loss component would be recognized through the provision for credit losses and the creation of an allowance for credit losses. Consideration is given to (1) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer including looking at default and delinquency rates, (2) the outlook for receiving the contractual cash flows of the investments, (3) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (4) our intent and ability to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value or for a debt security whether it is more-likely-than-not that we will be required to sell the debt security prior to recovering its fair value, (5) the anticipated outlook for changes in the general level of interest rates, (6) credit ratings, (7) third party guarantees, and (8) collateral values. In analyzing an issuer’s financial condition, management considers whether the securities are issued by the federal government or its agencies, whether downgrades by bond rating agencies have occurred, the results of reviews of the issuer’s financial condition, and the issuer’s anticipated ability to pay the contractual cash flows of the investments. U.S. Treasury Securities, Agency-Backed Securities including GNMA, FHLMC, FNMA, FHLB, FFCB and SBA. All of the U.S. Treasury and Agency-Backed Securities have the full faith and credit backing of the United State Government or one of its agencies. Municipal securities and all other securities that do not have a zero expected credit loss are evaluated quarterly to determine whether there is a credit loss associated with a decline in fair value. All debt securities available-for-sale in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2024 continue to perform as scheduled and we do not believe that a provision for credit losses is necessary.

Loans Held for Investment

Loans held for investment, which generates the largest component of interest income, are grouped into commercial, consumer real estate, and consumer and other loan segments. Each segment is divided into various loan classes based on collateral or purpose.

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The following table presents loans, net of unearned income, with non-covered loans by loan class as of the dates indicated:

March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 March 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands) Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent
Loans held for investment
Commercial loans
Construction, development, and other land $ 88,841 3.53 % $ 105,945 4.12 % $ 115,023 4.81 %
Commercial and industrial 203,530 8.08 % 211,850 8.24 % 151,293 6.33 %
Multi-family residential 194,188 7.71 % 188,382 7.32 % 148,746 6.23 %
Single family non-owner occupied 219,669 8.72 % 224,895 8.74 % 207,632 8.69 %
Non-farm, non-residential 887,255 35.21 % 894,550 34.78 % 793,229 33.21 %
Agricultural 19,763 0.78 % 21,669 0.84 % 12,042 0.50 %
Farmland 13,572 0.53 % 14,202 0.55 % 12,137 0.51 %
Total commercial loans 1,626,818 64.56 % 1,661,493 64.59 % 1,440,102 60.28 %
Consumer real estate loans
Home equity lines 87,181 3.46 % 87,626 3.41 % 73,762 3.09 %
Single family owner occupied 687,810 27.30 % 696,140 27.06 % 727,202 30.44 %
Owner occupied construction 5,848 0.23 % 8,445 0.33 % 10,276 0.43 %
Total consumer real estate loans 780,839 30.99 % 792,211 30.80 % 811,240 33.96 %
Consumer and other loans
Consumer loans 110,787 4.40 % 117,091 4.55 % 136,310 5.71 %
Other 1,389 0.05 % 1,503 0.06 % 1,245 0.05 %
Total consumer and other loans 112,176 4.45 % 118,594 4.61 % 137,555 5.76 %
Total loans held for investment, net of unearned income 2,519,833 100.00 % 2,572,298 100.00 % 2,388,897 100.00 %
Less: allowance for credit losses 35,461 36,189 30,789
Total loans held for investment, net of unearned income and allowance $ 2,484,372 $ 2,536,109 $ 2,358,108

Total loans as of March 31, 2024, decreased $52.47 million, or 2.04%, compared to December 31, 2023.  The largest decrease occurred in the commercial loans segment with an overall decrease of $34.68 million, or 2.09%.  Within this segment, the largest decreases occurred in construction, commercial and industrial, and non-farm, non-residential loans with decreases of $17.10 million, $8.32 million, and $7.30 million, respectively.  The consumer real estate segment decreased $11.37 million, or 1.44%, primarily due to a decrease in single family owner occupied of $8.33 million, or 1.20%.

Risk Elements

We seek to mitigate credit risk by following specific underwriting practices and by ongoing monitoring of our loan portfolio. Our underwriting practices include the analysis of borrowers’ prior credit histories, financial statements, tax returns, and cash flow projections; valuation of collateral based on independent appraisers’ reports; and verification of liquid assets. We believe our underwriting criteria are appropriate for the various loan types we offer; however, losses may occur that exceed the reserves established in our allowance for loan losses. We track certain credit quality indicators that include: trends related to the risk rating of commercial loans, the level of classified commercial loans, net charge-offs, nonperforming loans, and general economic conditions. The Company's loan review function performs an independent credit analysis on a risk-based sample of commercial loan relationships annually, and performs a qualitative review of a sample of smaller commercial and retail loans.

Nonperforming assets consist of nonaccrual loans, accrual loans contractually past due 90 days or more, and modified loans past due 90 days or more, and OREO.  Ongoing activity in the classification and categories of nonperforming loans include collections on delinquencies, foreclosures, loan restructurings, and movements into or out of the nonperforming classification due to changing economic conditions, borrower financial capacity, or resolution efforts.

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The following table presents the components of nonperforming assets and related information as of the periods indicated:

March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 March 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)
Nonperforming **** **** ****
Nonaccrual loans $ 19,617 $ 19,356 $ 15,557
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more 30 104 23
Modified loans past due 90 days or more - - -
Total nonperforming loans 19,647 19,460 15,580
OREO 374 192 481
Total nonperforming assets $ 20,021 $ 19,652 $ 16,061
Additional Information **** **** ****
Total modified loans $ 2,177 $ 2,046 $ 429
Asset Quality Ratios: **** **** ****
Nonperforming loans to total loans 0.78 % 0.76 % 0.65 %
Nonperforming assets to total assets 0.62 % 0.60 % 0.53 %
Allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans 180.49 % 185.97 % 197.62 %
Allowance for credit losses to total loans 1.41 % 1.41 % 1.29 %

Nonperforming assets as of March 31, 2024, increased $369 thousand, or 1.88%, from December 31, 2023.  Nonaccrual loans increased $261 thousand, or 1.35%.  OREO increased $182 thousand, or 94.79% and accruing loans past due 90 days or more decreased $74 thousand from year-end.  As of March 31, 2024, nonaccrual loans were largely attributed to single family owner occupied (47.88%), non-farm, non-residential (15.65%), and consumer of (8.41%). Certain loans included in the nonaccrual category have been written down to estimated realizable value or assigned specific reserves in the allowance for loan losses based on management’s estimate of loss at ultimate resolution.

Delinquent loans, comprised of loans 30 days or more past due and nonaccrual loans, totaled $31.63 million as of March 31, 2024, a decrease of $2.30 million, or 6.78%, compared to $33.93 million as of December 31, 2023. Delinquent loans as a percent of total loans totaled 1.26% as of March 31, 2024, which includes past due loans (0.48%) and nonaccrual loans (0.78%).

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When restructuring loans for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, we generally make concessions in interest rates, loan terms, or amortization terms.  Total loans modified as of March 31, 2024, were $2.18 million.  As of March 31, 2024, $250 thousand of these loans were 30-89 days past due.

OREO, which is carried at the lesser of estimated net realizable value or cost, increased $182 thousand, or 94.79%, as of March 31, 2024, compared to December 31, 2023, and consisted of 7 properties with an average holding period of approximately 10 months. The net loss on the sale of OREO totaled $14 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to a net loss of $51 thousand for the same period of the prior year. The following table presents the changes in OREO during the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2024 2023
(Amounts in thousands)
Beginning balance January 1 $ 192 $ 703
Additions 272 57
Disposals (41 ) (279 )
Valuation adjustments (14 ) -
Other adjustments (35 ) -
Ending balance $ 374 $ 481

Allowance for Credit Losses

The ACL reflects management’s estimate of losses that will result from the inability of our borrowers to make required loan payments. Management uses a systematic methodology to determine its ACL for loans held for investment and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures. The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loan portfolio. Management considers the effects of past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts on the collectability of the loan portfolio. The Company’s estimate of its ACL involves a high degree of judgment; therefore, management’s process for determining expected credit losses may result in a range of expected credit losses. It is possible that others, given the same information, may at any point in time reach a different reasonable conclusion. The Company’s ACL recorded in the balance sheet reflects management’s best estimate of expected credit losses. The Company recognizes in net income the amount needed to adjust the ACL for management’s current estimate of expected credit losses. The Company’s measurement of credit losses policy adheres to GAAP as well as interagency guidance. The Company's ACL is calculated using collectively evaluated and individually evaluated loans.

​For collectively evaluated loans, the Company in general uses two modeling approaches to estimate expected credit losses. The Company projects the contractual run-off of its portfolio at the segment level and incorporates a prepayment assumption in order to estimate exposure at default. Financial assets that have been individually evaluated can be returned to a pool for purposes of estimating the expected credit loss insofar as their credit profile improves and that the repayment terms were not considered to be unique to the asset.

In addition to its own loss experience, management also includes peer bank historical loss experience in its assessment of expected credit losses to determine the ACL. The Company utilized call report data to measure historical credit loss experience with similar risk characteristics within the segments. For the majority of segment models for collectively evaluated loans, the Company incorporated at least one macroeconomic driver either using a statistical regression modeling methodology or simple loss rate modeling methodology.

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Included in its systematic methodology to determine its ACL for loans held for investment and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures.  Management considers the need to qualitatively adjust expected credit losses for information not already captured in the loss estimation process. These qualitative adjustments either increase or decrease the quantitative model estimation (i.e. formulaic model results). Each period the Company considers qualitative factors that are relevant within the qualitative framework.  For further discussion of our Allowance for Credit Losses - See Note 1, “Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 of our 2023 Form 10-K.

As of March 31, 2024, the balance of the ACL for loans was $35.46 million, or 1.41% of total loans. The ACL at March 31, 2024, decreased $728 thousand from the balance of $36.19 million recorded at December 31, 2023. This decrease included a $1.01 million provision offset by net charge-offs for the three months of $1.74 million.

At March 31, 2024, the Company also had an allowance for unfunded commitments of $746 thousand which was recorded in Other Liabilities on the Balance Sheet.  During the first three months of 2024, the Company did not record a provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments compared to a recovery of provision of $232 thousand recorded in the same period of 2023.

Deposits

Total deposits as of March 31, 2024, decreased $40.11 million, or 1.47%, compared to December 31, 2023.  The largest decreases in deposits occurred in interest-bearing demand of $32.32 million, or 4.66%, and noninterest-bearing demand of $29.52 million, or 3.17%.  Time deposits decreased $5.86 million or 2.31%.  Theses decreases were offset by an increase in savings of $27.60 million or 3.27%.

Total borrowings in the form of retail repurchase agreements as of March 31, 2024, decreased $113 thousand, or 10.10%, compared to December 31, 2023.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to convert assets to cash or raise cash to meet financial obligations. We believe that liquidity management should encompass an overall balance sheet approach that draws together all sources and uses of liquidity. Poor or inadequate liquidity risk management may result in a funding deficit that could have a material impact on our operations. We maintain a liquidity risk management policy and contingency funding policy (“Liquidity Plan”) to detect potential liquidity issues and protect our depositors, creditors, and shareholders. The Liquidity Plan includes various internal and external indicators that are reviewed on a recurring basis by our Asset/Liability Management Committee (“ALCO”) of the Board of Directors. ALCO reviews liquidity risk exposure and policies related to liquidity management; ensures that systems and internal controls are consistent with liquidity policies; and provides accurate reports about liquidity needs, sources, and compliance. The Liquidity Plan involves ongoing monitoring and estimation of potentially credit sensitive liabilities and the sources and amounts of balance sheet and external liquidity available to replace outflows during a funding crisis. The liquidity model incorporates various funding crisis scenarios and a specific action plan is formulated, and activated, when a financial shock that affects our normal funding activities is identified. Generally, the plan will reflect a strategy of replacing liability outflows with alternative liabilities, rather than balance sheet asset liquidity, to the extent that significant premiums can be avoided. If alternative liabilities are not available, outflows will be met through liquidation of balance sheet assets, including unpledged securities.

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As a financial holding company, the Company’s primary source of liquidity is dividends received from the Bank, which are subject to certain regulatory limitations. Other sources of liquidity include cash, investment securities, and borrowings. As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s cash reserves and short-term investment securities totaled $19.76 million and $22.12 million, respectively. The Company’s cash reserves and investments provide adequate working capital to meet obligations for the next twelve months.

In addition to cash on hand and deposits with other financial institutions, we rely on customer deposits, cash flows from loans and investment securities, and lines of credit from the FHLB and the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) Discount Window to meet potential liquidity demands. These sources of liquidity are immediately available to satisfy deposit withdrawals, customer credit needs, and our operations. Secondary sources of liquidity include approved lines of credit with correspondent banks and unpledged available-for-sale securities. As of March 31, 2024, our unencumbered cash totaled $248.91 million, unused borrowing capacity from the FHLB totaled $402.00 million, available credit from the FRB Discount Window totaled $25.54 million, available lines from correspondent banks totaled $100.00 million, and unpledged available-for-sale securities totaled $121.70 million.

Capital Resources

We are committed to effectively managing our capital to protect our depositors, creditors, and shareholders. Failure to meet certain capital requirements may result in actions by regulatory agencies that could have a material impact on our operations. Total stockholders’ equity as of March 31, 2024, increased $3.65 million, or 0.73%, to $506.94 million from $503.29 million as of December 31, 2023.  Capital increased due to net income of $12.85 million.  The increase was offset by dividends declared of $5.36 million as well as the repurchase of our common stock totaling $2.97 million.  Book value per share at March 31, 2024, was $27.53, an increase of $0.33 from year-end 2023.

Capital Adequacy Requirements

Risk-based capital guidelines, issued by state and federal banking agencies, include balance sheet assets and off-balance sheet arrangements weighted by the risks inherent in the specific asset type. Our current risk-based capital requirements are based on the international capital standards known as Basel III. A description of the Basel III capital rules is included in Part I, Item 1 of the 2023 Form 10-K. Our current required capital ratios are as follows:

● 4.5% Common Equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets (effectively 7.00% including the capital conservation buffer)
● 6.0% Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets (effectively 8.50% including the capital conservation buffer)
--- ---
● 8.0% Total capital to risk-weighted assets (effectively 10.50% including the capital conservation buffer)
--- ---
● 4.0% Tier 1 capital to average consolidated assets (“Tier 1 leverage ratio”)
--- ---

The following table presents our capital ratios as of the dates indicated:

March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Company Bank Company Bank
Common equity Tier 1 ratio 15.21% 13.24% 14.69% 12.97%
Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio 15.21% 13.24% 14.69% 12.97%
Total risk-based capital ratio 16.47% 14.50% 15.94% 14.22%
Tier 1 leverage ratio 11.68% 10.24% 11.52% 10.07%

Our risk-based capital ratios as of March 31, 2024, increased from December 31, 2023, primarily due to a decrease in risk weighted assets. The decrease in risk-weighted assets was primarily driven by the decrease in the loan portfolio.  As of March 31, 2024, we continued to meet all capital adequacy requirements and were classified as well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. Management believes there have been no conditions or events since those notifications that would change the Bank’s classification. Additionally, our capital ratios were in excess of the minimum standards under the Basel III capital rules as of March 31, 2024.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We extend contractual commitments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of our customers. Our exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by other parties to financial instruments is the same as the contractual amount of the instrument. The following table presents our off-balance sheet arrangements as of the dates indicated:

March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)
Commitments to extend credit $ 264,511 $ 277,462
Standby letters of credit and financial guarantees ^(1)^ 126,513 129,220
Total off-balance sheet risk $ 391,024 $ 406,682
(1) Includes FHLB letters of credit
--- ---

Market Risk and Interest Rate Sensitivity

Market risk represents the risk of loss due to adverse changes in current and future cash flows, fair values, earnings, or capital due to movements in interest rates and other factors. Our profitability is largely dependent upon net interest income, which is subject to variation due to changes in the interest rate environment and unbalanced repricing opportunities. We are subject to interest rate risk when interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities reprice at differing times, when underlying rates change at different levels or in varying degrees, when there is an unequal change in the spread between two or more rates for different maturities, and when embedded options, if any, are exercised. ALCO reviews our mix of assets and liabilities with the goal of limiting exposure to interest rate risk, ensuring adequate liquidity, and coordinating sources and uses of funds while maintaining an acceptable level of net interest income given the current interest rate environment. ALCO is also responsible for overseeing the formulation and implementation of policies and strategies to improve balance sheet positioning and mitigate the effect of interest rate changes.

In order to manage our exposure to interest rate risk, we periodically review internal simulation and third-party models that project net interest income at risk, which measures the impact of different interest rate scenarios on net interest income, and the economic value of equity at risk, which measures potential long-term risk in the balance sheet by valuing our assets and liabilities at fair value under different interest rate scenarios. Simulation results show the existence and severity of interest rate risk in each scenario based on our current balance sheet position, assumptions about changes in the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and estimated yields earned on assets and rates paid on liabilities. The simulation model provides the best tool available to us and the industry for managing interest rate risk; however, the model cannot precisely predict the impact of fluctuations in interest rates on net interest income due to the use of significant estimates and assumptions. Actual results will differ from simulated results due to the timing, magnitude, and frequency of interest rate changes; changes in market conditions and customer behavior; and changes in our strategies that management might undertake in response to a sudden and sustained rate shock.

As of March 31, 2024, the Federal Open Market Committee had set the benchmark federal funds rate to a range of 525 to 550 basis points.  The following table presents the sensitivity of net interest income from immediate and sustained rate shocks in various interest rate scenarios over a twelve-month period for the periods indicated.

March 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Increase (Decrease) in Basis Points Change in Net Interest Income Percent Change Change in Net Interest Income Percent Change
(Dollars in thousands)
200 $ 2,730 2.0 % $ 1,606 1.3 %
100 1,304 1.0 % 757 0.6 %
(100) (1,918 ) (1.4 )% (3,858 ) -3.0 %
(200) (4,988 ) (3.7 )% (9,257 ) -7.5 %

Inflation and Changing Prices

Our consolidated financial statements and related notes are presented in accordance with GAAP, which requires the measurement of results of operations and financial position in historical dollars. Inflation may cause a rise in price levels and changes in the relative purchasing power of money. These inflationary effects are not reflected in historical dollar measurements. The primary effect of inflation on our operations is increased operating costs. In management’s opinion, interest rates have a greater impact on our financial performance than inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily fluctuate in the same direction, or to the same extent, as the price of goods and services; therefore, the effect of inflation on businesses with large investments in property, plant, and inventory is generally more significant than the effect on financial institutions.

Astronomic federal government spending, growth in economic activity and demand for goods and services, alongside labor shortages and supply chain complications, have contributed to rising inflation. In response, the Federal Reserve Bank has begun raising interest rates and signaled that it will continue to raise rates, taper its purchase of mortgage and other bonds and reduce the size of the balance sheet over time. The timing and impact of inflation and rising interest rates on our business and related financial results will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and difficult to predict.

Most LIBOR settings ceased to be published after June 30, 2023.  The Company had discontinued originating LIBOR-based variable rate loans in 2018 in favor of U. S. Treasury rates.  The Company has substituted an alternative reference rate published  by the U. S. Treasury for any remaining loans tied to LIBOR.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

The information required in this item is incorporated by reference to “Market Risk and Interest Rate Sensitivity” in Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

In connection with this report, we conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures under the Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b). Based upon that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that, as of March 31, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Disclosure controls and procedures are our Company’s controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information we are required to disclose in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions about required disclosure.

Management, including the CEO and CFO, does not expect that our disclosure controls and internal controls will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within our Company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, collusion of two or more people, or management’s override of the controls.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We assess the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting quarterly and enhance our controls in response to internal control assessments and internal and external audit and regulatory recommendations. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2024, that materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings
--- ---

For details on legal proceedings, see “Note 14, Litigation, Commitments, and Contingencies” included in Part I, Financial Information, Item 1, Financial Statements, which information is incorporated by referenced into this Item.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

The risk factors set forth in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, discuss potential events, trends, or other circumstances that could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, liquidity, access to capital resources, and, consequently, cause the market value of our common stock to decline. These risks could cause our future results to differ materially from historical results and expectations of future financial performance. If any of the risks occur and the market price of our common stock declines significantly, individuals may lose all, or part, of their investment in our Company. Individuals should carefully consider our risk factors and information included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 before making an investment decision. There may be risks and uncertainties that we have not identified or that we have deemed immaterial that could adversely affect our business; therefore, such risk factors are not intended to be an exhaustive list of all risks we face. There have been no material changes to the risk factors included in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

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ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(a) Not Applicable
--- ---
(b) Not Applicable
--- ---
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
--- ---

During the first quarter of 2024, the Company purchased 89,396 shares of its common stock.

The following table provides information about purchases of our common stock made by us or on our behalf by any affiliated purchaser, as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act, during the periods indicated:

Total Number of Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plans or Programs Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
January 1-31, 2024 6,600 $ 35.00 6,600 2,495,900
February 1-29, 2024 20,900 32.53 20,900 2,475,000
March 1-31, 2024 61,896 33.32 61,896 2,413,104
Total 89,396 $ 33.26 89,396
(1) In September, 2023, the Board of Directors approved a repurchase plan to repurchase 2,700,000 shares of the Company's common stock.  The timing, price, and quantity of purchases under the repurchase plan are at the discretion of management and the repurchase plan may be discontinued, suspended, or restarted at any time depending on the facts and circumstances.
--- ---
ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senio r Securities
--- ---

None.

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None.

ITEM 5. Other Information

(a) None.

(b) No changes were made to the procedures by which security holders may recommend nominees to the Company's board of directors.

(c) During the three months ended March 31, 2024, none of  our directors or executive officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended).

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ITEM 6. Exhibits
2.1 Agreement and Plan of Reincorporation and Merger between First Community Bancshares, Inc. and First Community Bankshares, Inc., incorporated by reference to Appendix A of the Definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A dated April 24, 2018, filed on March 13, 2018
2.2 Agreement and Plan of Merger between First Community Bankshares, Inc. and Highlands Bankshares, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed September 11, 2019.
2.3 Agreement and Plan of Merger between First Community Bankshares, Inc. and Surrey Bancorp, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed November 18, 2022.
3.1 Articles of Incorporation of First Community Bankshares, Inc., incorporated by reference to Appendix B of the Definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A dated April 24, 2018, filed on March 13, 2018
3.2 Bylaws of First Community Bankshares, Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed October 2, 2018
4.1 Description of First Community Bankshares, Inc. Common Stock, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed October 2, 2018
4.2 Form of First Community Bankshares, Inc. Common Stock Certificate, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed October 2, 2018
10.1.1** First Community Bancshares, Inc. 1999 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the period ended December 31, 1999, filed on April 13, 2000
10.1.2** Amendment One to the First Community Bancshares, Inc. 1999 Stock Option Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1.1 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2004, filed on May 7, 2004
10.2** First Community Bancshares, Inc. 1999 Stock Option Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2002, filed on August 13, 2002
10.1.7** First Community Bankshares Executive Incentive Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the current Report on Form 8-K filed May 31, 2022
10.3** First Community Bancshares, Inc. 2001 Nonqualified Director Stock Option Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2002, filed on August 14, 2002
10.6** First Community Bancshares, Inc. 2012 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan, incorporated by reference to Appendix B of the Definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A dated April 24, 2012, filed on March 7, 2012
--- ---
10.7** First Community Bancshares, Inc. 2012 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan Restricted Stock Grant Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed May 28, 2013
10.8** First Community Bancshares, Inc. Life Insurance Endorsement Method Split Dollar Plan and Agreement, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K/A for the period ended December 31, 1999, filed on April 13, 2000
10.9.1** First Community Bancshares, Inc. and Affiliates Executive Retention Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 30, 2008, filed on January 5, 2009;
10.9.2** Amendment #1 to the First Community Bancshares, Inc. and Affiliates Executive Retention Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 16, 2010, filed on December 17, 2010
10.9.3** Amendment #2 to the First Community Bancshares, Inc. and Affiliates Executive Retention Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 21, 2013, filed on February 25, 2013

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10.9.4** Amendment #3 to the First Community Bancshares, Inc. and Affiliates Executive Retention Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 24, 2016, filed on May 31, 2016
10.9.5** Amendment #4 to the First Community Bancshares, Inc. and Affiliates Executive Retention Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed on February 28, 2017
10.9.6 Amendment #5 to the First Community Bancshares, Inc. and Affiliates Executive Retention Plan.
10.9.7 Amendment #6 to the First Community Bancshares, Inc. and Affiliates Executive Retention Plan.
10.10** Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors of First Community Bancshares, Inc. and Affiliates, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 16, 2019, filed on December 19,2019
10.11.1** First Community Bancshares, Inc. Amended and Restated Nonqualified Supplemental Cash or Deferred Retirement Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 22, 2006, filed on August 23, 2006, and Amendment #2, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed on February 28, 2017
10.11.2** Amendment #2 to the First Community Bancshares, Inc. Amended and Restated Nonqualified Supplemental Cash or Deferred Retirement Plan, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed on February 28, 2017
10.12.1** First Community Bancshares, Inc. Supplemental Directors Retirement Plan, as amended and restated, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 16, 2010, filed on December 17, 2010, and Amendment #2, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 24, 2016, filed on May 31, 2016
10.12.2** Amendment #2 to the First Community Bancshares, Inc. Supplemental Directors Retirement Plan, as amended and restated, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 24, 2016, filed on May 31, 2016
10.12.3** Amendment #3 to the First Community Bankshares, Inc. Supplemental Directors Retirement Plan, as amended and restated, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12.3 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2021, filed on March 3, 2022.
10.12.4** Amendment #4 to the First Community Bankshares, Inc Supplemental Directors Retirement Plan, as amended and restated, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12.4 of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ended December 31, 2021, filed on March 3, 2022.
10.13** Employment Agreement between First Community Bancshares, Inc. and David D. Brown, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed on April 16, 2015
10.15** Employment Agreement between First Community Bancshares, Inc. and Gary R. Mills, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed on April 16, 2015
10.16** Employment Agreement between First Community Bancshares, Inc. and William P. Stafford, II, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K dated and filed on April 16, 2015
10.17** First Community Bankshares, Inc. 2022 Omnibus Equity Compensation Plan incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.a of the Definitive Proxy Statement on Form DEF 14A dated April 26, 2022, filed on March 16, 2022.
31.1* Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2* Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32* Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101*** Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2024, (Unaudited) and December 31, 2023; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023; (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023; and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).
--- ---
104* The cover page of First Community Bankshares, Inc. Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL (included within the Exhibit 101 attachments).
* Filed herewith.
--- ---
** Indicates a management contract or compensation plan or agreement. These contracts, plans, or agreements were assumed by First Community Bankshares, Inc. in October 2018 in connection with First Community Bancshares, Inc., a Nevada corporation, merging with and into its wholly-owned subsidiary, First Community Bankshares, Inc., a Virginia corporation, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Reincorporation and Merger with First Community Bankshares, Inc. continuing as the surviving corporation.
*** Submitted electronically herewith

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on May 3, 2024.

First Community Bankshares, Inc.<br> <br>(Registrant)
/s/ William P. Stafford, II
William P. Stafford, II
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ David D. Brown
David D. Brown
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)

53

ex_615907.htm

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, William P. Stafford, II, **** certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of First Community Bankshares, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
--- ---
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
--- ---
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
--- ---
a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
--- ---
b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
--- ---
c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
--- ---
d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
--- ---
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors:
--- ---
a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
--- ---
b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
--- ---

Date: May 3, 2024

/s/ William P. Stafford, II

William P. Stafford, II

Chief Executive Officer

ex_615908.htm

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, David D. Brown, **** certify that:

1. I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of First Community Bankshares, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
--- ---
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
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4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
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a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
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b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
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c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
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d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
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5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors:
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a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
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b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
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Date: May 3, 2024

/s/ David D. Brown

David D. Brown

Chief Financial Officer

ex_615909.htm

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION **** PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906

OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

The undersigned certify, to their best knowledge and belief, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1. the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of First Community Bankshares, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ended March 31, 2024, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
2. the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
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Date: May 3, 2024

By: /s/ William P. Stafford, II By: /s/ David D. Brown
William P. Stafford, II David D. Brown
Chief Executive Officer Chief Financial Officer

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