Fresenius Medical Care AG Q4 FY2025 Earnings Call

Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to the report on the Fourth Quarter and Financial Year 2025 Conference Call. I'm Moritz, the Chorus Call operator. The conference is being recorded. The presentation will be followed by a question-and-answer session. The conference must not be recorded for publication or broadcast. At this time, it's my pleasure to hand over to Dr. Dominik Heger. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you, Moritz. Welcome, everyone, to our earnings call for the fourth quarter and the financial year 2025. As always, I start out the call by mentioning our cautionary language that is in our safe harbor statement as well as in our presentation and in all the materials that we have distributed earlier today. For further details concerning risks and uncertainties, please refer to these documents and to our SEC filings. We will have 1 hour for the call. In order to give everyone the chance to ask questions, we would limit the number of questions to 2. Thank you for making this work as always. We will begin our full year financial results by reviewing key strategic milestones achieved in 2025, which mark the end of our midterm strategy. Next, we will analyze fourth quarter outcomes and present our outlook for 2026 and different horizons beyond. Let me now welcome Helen Giza, CEO and Chair of the Management Board; and Martin Fischer, our Chief Financial Officer. Helen, the floor is yours.

Thank you, Dominik, and welcome, everyone. It's great to have you with us today. We appreciate your continued interest in Fresenius Medical Care. 2025 was a milestone year for Fresenius Medical Care. We delivered an outstanding step-up in profitability, having achieved the upper end of our 2025 financial outlook and closing the year with an exceptional fourth quarter performance. The progress we realized in 2025 and the momentum we have built over the past 3 years reflects the consistent focus and dedication of our employees around the world. Their commitment is the foundation of our success as we strive to lead kidney care through exceptional care and innovation, and I'm extremely appreciative of the progress we made for our patients and the exciting path we have ahead of us. Before we delve into the fourth quarter specifically, I would like to take a few minutes to reflect on the key highlights of the past year and how we are positioning Fresenius Medical Care for the next phase of value creation. Beginning on Slide 4. At our Capital Markets Day last June, we officially launched our new 2030 strategy, FME Reignite. This strategy is designed to accelerate growth and drive ambitious profitability improvements aiming for industry-leading margins. FME Reignite represents a pivotal step forward for us as we shift our focus towards accelerated innovation and growth. As part of our FME Reignite, we carved out our value-based care business, establishing our third operating segment. This strategic decision further enhances our reporting transparency and reflects the continued growth in value-based care, which generated over EUR 2 billion in revenue in 2025. We not only initiated but accelerated a EUR 1 billion share buyback program, reflecting our strengthened financial profile, further reduced net debt and commitment to regularly returning excess cash to shareholders. In 2025, we marked an important milestone with the successful soft launch of our 5008X CAREsystem in select FME clinics in the U.S. to accelerate the large-scale clinic conversion in 2026. As we speak, we are rolling out at speed the 5008X CAREsystem to our U.S. clinics and are setting a new standard of care in the U.S. with high-volume HDF therapy. We accelerated our FME25+ savings program through the end of 2025, achieving sustainable savings above our already increased target. This supported a significant step-up in profitability with a group margin of 11.3%, driven by all 3 operating segments and landing well within our target margin band for 2025. Turning to Slide 5. For 2025, we delivered revenue growth at the upper end of our outlook leveraging our vertically integrated business model to overcome a difficult market environment and unanticipated headwinds from lower volumes and elevated medical benefit costs. Supported by an exceptional fourth quarter performance, the 2025 operating income growth of 27% reached the top end of our ambitious outlook for the year. Next on Slide 6. At the beginning of 2023, we set demanding midterm profitability targets to 2025 as we began a 3-year journey to build a stronger and more resilient company while committing to significant operational improvements. I am proud to say that we have delivered on that commitment. We increased our Care Delivery margin to 13.1%, achieving the middle of our target band for the segment. We more than quadrupled our Care Enablement margin from nearly 2% to just over 8%. If you recall, at the time of setting the targets, we had just 2 operating segments with value-based care still part of Care Delivery. This is why there was not a specific target for value-based care. However, the improved performance in that segment is reflected in the group development. While returning capital to shareholders in the form of dividends and share buyback, we are in a significantly stronger financial position as we have reduced net debt and improved our net leverage ratio from 3.4x at the end of 2022 to 2.5x at the end of 2025. Turning to Slide 7. We also delivered on the committed key strategic initiatives. This execution supported our improved operational performance to date and, importantly, has positioned us well as we transition towards the next phase of growth and innovation. With our FME25+ transformation program, we committed and over-delivered, exceeding our already upgraded sustainable savings target with EUR 804 million in realized sustainable savings to date. We executed our portfolio optimization program at pace, focusing our international clinic footprint to 25 core markets across 34 countries, considerably down from 49 in 2023. A key pillar of our strategic plan announced in 2023 was to unlock value as the leading kidney care company. The launch of our 5008X machine in the U.S. and leadership in renal value-based care are powerful examples of how we are delivering on that ambition while raising the standard of care for patients. Next on Slide 8. Cash generation is an inherent strength of our business model. In 2025, we generated EUR 2.7 billion in operating cash flow, clearly demonstrating this capability. This strong cash performance supported by disciplined capital allocation provided the flexibility to invest in our core business for profitable growth while returning excess capital to shareholders. Through our accelerated share buyback program, we repurchased shares for a total amount of EUR 586 million in 2025 completing the first tranche of our initial EUR 1 billion program, which supported our EPS growth. In January of this year, we initiated the next tranche with around EUR 414 million, further accelerating the share buyback program. For the 2025 financial year, we plan to propose a dividend of EUR 1.49, representing a 3% increase to 2024 and corresponding to a payout of 33% of adjusted net income, well aligned with our target payout ratio of 30% to 40%. Let us now look at our fourth quarter performance specifically, beginning on Slide 10. The cap off a strong 2025, we delivered a truly exceptional fourth quarter financial performance. We realized strong organic revenue growth of 8% and earnings growth of 53%, resulting in a margin of 13.9%, a remarkable 430 basis point increase over the prior year. This was supported by our FME25+ savings program with EUR 63 million in additional sustainable savings in the fourth quarter alone. We recorded exceptional EPS growth of 68%, driven by our accelerated share buyback program. And in parallel, we further improved our net leverage ratio to the low end of our target corridor. Let's review some fourth quarter highlights from each of the operating segments on Slide 11. Beginning with Care Delivery in the U.S., same market treatment growth was broadly flat as volumes remained under pressure from the follow-on effects of the flu-related elevated mortality in the first half of the year and a high level of missed treatments in December. Our Care Delivery international markets delivered solid 1.7% same-market treatment growth. Underlying performance in Care Delivery was positively supported by favorable U.S. rate and payer mix development. In addition to the underlying trends, Care Delivery performance was boosted by around EUR 40 million higher-than-expected benefit from phosphate binders that fall into the TDAPA regulation, bringing it to around EUR 220 million contribution in 2025. We shared in our third quarter earnings call our quality initiative on bloodstream infection prevention by using different types of catheter-related bloodstream infection interventions. In the fourth quarter, we made significantly faster progress on the initiative than assumed. Both interventions require a physician prescription, and one of those solutions prescribed by physicians falls under the TDAPA regulation until the middle of 2026. It has contributed around EUR 90 million in 2025, and it will be a year-over-year neutral effect for 2026. This has helped us in 2025 to offset around EUR 80 million higher medical benefit costs in the year that we had not anticipated at the beginning of the year. Of course, the higher-than-expected TDAPA contribution in 2025 raises the outlook base for 2026 even higher, and I will address the impact in the outlook section. As I highlighted earlier, we started with the launch of our 5008X machine in select clinics in preparation for the large-scale expansion of access to high-volume hemodiafiltration in 2026.

Thank you, Helen, and welcome to everyone on the call also from my side. I will begin on Slide 12. In the fourth quarter, we achieved organic revenue growth of 8%, supported by Value-Based Care and Care Delivery. At constant currency, revenue increased by 7%. Care Enablement revenue development was negatively impacted by regulatory pressure in China. Divestitures executed as part of our portfolio optimization plan negatively impacted revenue development by 70 basis points. Adjusted operating income increased by an impressive 53% on a constant currency basis. This increase drove a clear step change in our group margin to 13.9%. Special items negatively affected operating income by EUR 111 million. This comprises costs related to FME25+ and our continued portfolio optimization as well as effects from the remeasurement of our investment in Humacyte. Turning to Slide 13. This slide highlights the remarkable 430 basis point margin improvement, driven by especially strong contributions from Care Delivery due to significantly higher contributions from TDAPA regulation than we had expected and Value-Based Care contributed positively as well. Net corporate costs improved by EUR 5 million. This includes a favorable EUR 2 million development in virtual purchase power agreements compared to the prior year period. Foreign exchange rates developed unfavorably with a negative EUR 43 million translational impact. The average U.S. dollar exchange rate in the fourth quarter was 1.16 compared to 1.17 in the third quarter. I will now walk you through the financial developments in each segment, starting with Care Delivery on Slide 14. Care Delivery realized 7% organic revenue growth and 6% revenue growth at constant currency. In the U.S., organic revenue growth of 8% was driven by positive impact from TDAPA regulations, favorable rate and mix effects and reduced implicit price concessions, demonstrating progress in our revenue cycle management initiatives. Care Delivery International delivered 3% organic growth. Divestitures negatively impacted Care Delivery revenue growth approximately by 120 basis points overall. Care Delivery achieved 45% earnings growth and 440 basis points margin improvement to 16.4%. Business growth benefited from higher-than-anticipated contributions from phosphate binders. The significantly higher prescription and adoption rate of one of the antimicrobial catheter solutions that falls under TDAPA regulation also contributed around EUR 70 million in the quarter, helping us to offset the not anticipated around EUR 80 million higher medical benefit costs in the fiscal year. Business growth also supported by positive rate and mix effects in the underlying clinic business as well as the phasing of a content agreement on certain pharmaceuticals. Increased labor costs, which include significantly elevated medical benefit costs, were partially offset by FME25+ savings. Turning to Value-Based Care on Slide 15. Value-Based Care again accelerated revenue growth, achieving 42% organic growth. This significant increase was driven by further growth in the number of member months largely attributable to further contract expansion. Value-Based Care realized positive EUR 29 million in operating income, driven by improved savings rate, FME25+ savings and partially offset by an unfavorable effect from CKCC programs. For the full year, Value-Based Care was a positive EUR 3 million compared to a loss of EUR 28 million in 2024, marking the first year of breakeven earnings development for our Value-Based Care business. I will next turn to Care Enablement on Slide 16. Revenue for the segment decreased by 3%. Lower volumes driven by negative impacts from value-based procurement and other regulatory policies in China were partially offset by overall continued positive pricing momentum. Care Enablement earnings declined by 6%, primarily due to unfavorable business development in China and currency transaction effects. This was partially offset by positive pricing. Further sustainable savings from the FME25+ program, primarily driven by improvements in supply chain and manufacturing compensated for the expected inflationary cost increases. Next, I will look at cash flow development on Slide 17. In the fourth quarter, operating cash flow strongly increased versus the prior year, mainly driven by higher net income, improvement in cash collection and prior year phasing of income tax payments. Our disciplined use of cash fully aligned with the priorities set out in our capital allocation framework. In the quarter, we purchased existing production sites in Germany that had previously been leased for a total of EUR 181 million. We reduced our net debt and lease liabilities compared to the prior period by 6%. We accelerated our share buyback program, repurchasing over 14 million shares for a total of EUR 585 million, representing 4.8% of share capital in 2025. Since the end of the quarter, we have repurchased an additional 4.2 million shares for EUR 163 million. We ended the quarter with a further strengthened net leverage ratio of 2.5x, improving to the lower end of our target band. We reconfirm our target band of 2.5x to 3x. I will now hand back to Helen.

Thanks, Martin. I will pick up with FME25+ on Slide 18. In 2025, the FME25+ transformation program further accelerated its positive momentum, delivering EUR 238 million in additional sustainable savings for 2025, ahead of the upgraded target of around EUR 220 million. Accumulated savings of the entire program reached EUR 804 million. The successful execution of FME25+ and the strengthened foundation we have established as a result has allowed us to identify additional opportunities to unlock sustainable savings that were not necessarily visible or accessible before. Also, the flat same-market treatment growth of the last years triggered the decision to further adjust the clinic footprint in the United States while balancing at the same time the capacity for the expected future growth of 2% plus once mortality has normalized. We have again structurally assessed changes to developing and attractive growth areas across the country and decided to close the least promising clinics in the United States. This results in a footprint rationalization affecting around 100 clinics in 2026. Building on the momentum, we will further accelerate and expand FME25+. We expect costs and savings of EUR 400 million for the years '26 and 2027 for a total of EUR 1.2 billion of sustainable savings by the end of 2027. Let me now move to our outlook section on Slide 20. To frame our 2026 outlook, I will begin with our most important operational priority, the 5008X rollout in the U.S. This represents the largest transition of clinic infrastructure in Fresenius Medical Care's history. Our large-scale launch of the 5008X is now underway with the target of replacing around 20% of the installed base in our own clinics this year. Importantly, this replacement strategy will deliver substantial benefits, including reduced mortality and improved outcomes for patients, increased operational efficiencies and a stronger competitive position for our U.S. clinic network. However, in the first year of the large-scale rollout, our Care Delivery U.S. business will face an OpEx headwind from rollout-related costs. In 2026, we will train over 7,200 nurses and technicians and transition about 36,000 patients to the 5008X machine across 28 states. This requires significant training effort, but we expect to improve efficiency as the rollout progresses. We will start to see operational efficiency benefits in converted clinics ramping up as machines are converted. As a reminder, eligible patients can typically be transitioned from HD to HDF within a few weeks. Once patients are on high-volume HDF for 3 months, the improved outcomes, including lower mortality, will start to ramp up over the following 2.5 years. Therefore, we would expect that the positive effects will only start to become visible later in the year with greater benefit to increasingly supporting results in 2027 and beyond. Still early days, but our rollout is well on track and it's exciting to start to see more and more clinics converted every week. By the time we get to half-year results, I would expect to have a more detailed update on how the rollout is progressing. I now move on to our outlook for 2026 on Slide 21. Following a significant step-up in profitability in 2025, we are comparing against a very high base in 2026, while significant temporary benefits from TDAPA regulations start to phase out in 2026. Our 2026 outlook underscores our disciplined focus on sustaining this higher baseline. While we expect Care Delivery and Care Enablement to grow, we are assuming broadly flat revenue growth, largely reflecting changes in Value-Based Care's risk contracting and related revenue reductions. For earnings, we assume operating income will remain on a consistent level with an upside/downside range of a mid-single-digit percent change. We clearly target to maintain our enhanced profitability while investing for future value creation and navigating regulatory headwinds. This implies a margin range of 10.5% to 12% at group level.

Thank you, Helen. Starting with revenue. For Care Delivery, we carefully assume flat same market treatment growth in the United States, including a normal flu season similar to the '23-'24 season. This does not change our expectations of returning to 2%-plus as mortality normalizes and patient outflows improve. We are excited about the opportunity to reduce missed treatment and patient outflow by further enhancing quality and patient outcomes as part of our FME Reignite strategy. Increasing penetration of high-volume HDF and antimicrobial catheter solutions, further expansion of Value-Based Care as well as benefits from ESRD patients using GLP-1 are supporting this path to 2-plus percent growth. Internationally, we are assuming solid same-market treatment growth in 2026, and we assume the usual moderate reimbursement rate increases. Following a significantly greater than anticipated benefit from TDAPA regulation in 2025, we assume a headwind for the starting phase-out in 2026, also on the revenue side. In Value-Based Care, we are assuming negative revenue growth of around EUR 300 million due to changes in risk contracting that result in lower revenue recognition. We do not expect this to impact earnings development. In Care Enablement, we assume a continuation of the solid organic volume growth. China remains challenging, and we are assuming a moderately negative impact as we address regulatory policy changes and review our portfolio and strategy accordingly. At the group level, we are assuming a negative 30 basis point impact from portfolio optimization realized in '25 and '26. Our currency assumptions are based on euro-U.S. dollar rate of 1.18. Turning to the earnings side. We are assuming EUR 250 million to EUR 350 million of business growth, driven by favorable pricing developments and revenue cycle management initiatives. We expect incremental FME25+ savings of EUR 250 million with related onetime cost of EUR 350 million. We are assuming inflationary pressure of EUR 200 million to EUR 300 million, which includes a typical 3% net labor cost increase as well as the usual cost inflation across all of our operating segments. We are facing regulatory impacts that we assume will impact earnings development by EUR 150 million to EUR 200 million. In Care Delivery, we assume regulatory headwinds from phasing out of phosphate binder, TDAPA contributions and the negative effect from the expiry of the extended tax subsidies for ACA contracts. Strategic investments of EUR 100 million to EUR 150 million include 5008X rollout costs, mostly in Care Delivery as well as investments in our IT platforms such as the required transition to SAP S/4HANA, supporting the harmonization and standardization of core business processes across our organization. The costs related to the IT platform investment, making up about half of the EUR 100 million to EUR 150 million, will be reflected in our Corporate line. We will continue to further optimize our portfolio in 2026 and assume costs of around EUR 50 million. To help with your modeling, we are assuming Corporate costs of EUR 200 million to EUR 220 million, a net financial result negative EUR 340 million to EUR 360 million and an effective tax rate of 22% to 24%. And driven by our 5008X rollout, we assume an increased operating income intersegment elimination of around minus EUR 100 million. While we do not provide quarterly guidance, from a high-level phasing perspective, we expect a stronger first half of 2026 before TDAPA benefits begin to phase out in the second half of 2026. This phasing is different from normal patterns for our underlying business and industry.

I will now hand over to Dominik to begin the Q&A session.

Thank you, Helen. Thank you, Martin. Before I hand over for the Q&A, I would like to remind everyone to limit your questions to 2, please. And with that, I hand it over to Moritz to open the Q&A session, please.

Operator Instructions] And the first question comes from Hassan from Barclays.

Could you discuss the key factors that have driven the acceleration of EBIT growth from flat at the midpoint of this year's guidance, helping you reach the midpoint of the 2025 to 2028 range of 5%? How much of this growth depends on an increase in same market treatment growth? Additionally, regarding Care Enablement, can you provide details on the impact of China tender modifications and delays from the last quarter? What are your thoughts on how this might continue into 2026?

Thanks, Hassan. I will address both of your questions. We have a flat outlook for 2026 compared to the midterm growth CAGR of 3 to 7. As mentioned in our outline, 2026 will be a significant year for investments in HDF and systems platforms. We are explicitly highlighting the effects of the regulatory elements from TDAPA and ACA. If you look at the detailed headwinds and tailwinds slide, you can identify the various factors influencing our results. There is substantial operational work underway, and once we move past the impacts of TDAPA and binders, we expect to see business growth in rate, mix, and revenue cycle improvements. We continue to face challenges with labor and inflation, and the accelerated FME25 contributes to this situation. In Care Enablement, we consistently see margin improvements attributed to both top-line growth and FME25 initiatives. Regarding the growth in same market treatment, we are currently anticipating flat growth. Given our recent experiences in December with missed treatments due to weather and flu, we believed it prudent to forecast flat growth this year, with gradual improvements leading to over 2% growth by implementing our outlined mortality improvement measures, antimicrobial strategies, HDF, and overall quality safety measures. Additionally, concerning the impact from China, it represents about 7% to 10% of our revenue. We appreciate this market and its profile, but recent regulatory changes and tendering delays have resulted in an estimated EUR 50 million EBIT impact in 2025. We do anticipate an impact in 2026, though it will be less severe, and we are working on strategies to maximize our performance in China. Overall, the impact will be lower than in 2025. I believe I've covered everything.

I have two questions. First, I want to clarify the phosphate binder figure, which I believe is EUR 220 million, and what your expectations are for 2026 and 2027 as that number changes. Additionally, regarding the antimicrobial catheter benefit, I think you mentioned it should be neutral year-on-year. Could you elaborate on that? I'm struggling to understand how it transitions from 2025 to 2026. My second question is about the ACA subsidy headwinds as we approach 2027 and 2028. Given that your closest competitor has provided figures, should we consider those as a baseline, or do you anticipate that the headwinds will take on a different pattern?

Veronika, I'm more than happy to talk about the headwinds. So we have called out regulatory effects of EUR 150 million to EUR 200 million. And that includes the headwinds from both binders as well as ACA. We have also quantified ACA before at around EUR 50 million. We also said we're going to see how it plays out. So we have only quantified 2026. We have not given a further outlook. And we'll see how that plays out in the next weeks and then we might update our assessment in that. Also in that EUR 150 million to EUR 200 million is the year-over-year decline that we see for binders. To your point, yes, we had about EUR 220 million of positive contribution in 2025. And we have also called out before that we see about EUR 50 million staying in our clinics and another EUR 50 million staying out of our pharmacy business. So there is a headwind or a total positive contribution that stays in '26 for EUR 100 million, leading to a reduction of bigger than EUR 100 million from '25 to '26. And those 2 effects combined are the EUR 150 million to EUR 200 million that we have there. To the catheter lock solution, yes, you heard correctly, there's no year-over-year effect. We do not have an effect because it is still under a limited half for the first half. I hope that clarifies the question.

Veronika, I'm glad you're not the only one to pronounce that. The capital piece is half, half 2 '25 versus half 1 '26 impact. So just to put a finer point on that. That's why the impact is because of the short TDAPA period on one of the solutions. We got a benefit in half 2, mostly towards the back end of the year and we're expecting a benefit in half 1 before that TDAPA period expires. So that's why year-over-year, it is neutral, but it will add one key phasing for sure.

The first one is on patient volumes. So can you comment on the impact of higher insurance requirements on your patient volume development? And second question is also on your outlook for the patient volume growth. So you mentioned that missed treatments have stayed at an elevated level, but that's also not really new. Right now, we see flu season is very mild. It's not over yet, but I would say there's a high probability that it's not as goo as it was last year. And later this year, there should also come some of this annualization effect from the higher insurance requirements and as well as slightly improving mortality due to the HDF introductions. So if I put all together, it looks for me that the patient volume development must be better than it was in '25. So is it really only, let's say, a conservative stance? Or have I missed anything in this Q&A?

I used the word careful regarding our assumptions because we are expecting a normal flu season. We have seen fluctuations, but today's outlook suggests a season more typical than last year. Additionally, we are experiencing higher missed treatments due to factors like weather and illness. We typically notice a data lag of about 6 to 8 weeks, so by the end of Q1, we'll have a clearer picture. We will also gain insights into open enrollment and how choices under the ACA will unfold. While it seems like open enrollment is completed at the end of the year, we really won't know the extent of enrollment until individuals enroll and pay their first premiums, which adds to the lag. We'll be monitoring these developments closely. The headlines will reflect the overall enrollment figures, and if they aren't as low as we anticipated, we will adjust our perspectives accordingly. Regarding HDF, we are advancing with clinic conversions and patient enrollment. Although it’s too soon for concrete results, we expect to see benefits soon, alongside our efforts to improve mortality rates with catheter lock solutions and patient management. Given our current position, we believe it is prudent to project flat performance for 2026. The numbers are small, with variations of plus or minus 0.1, which won't significantly impact our EBIT range. Therefore, we think this is the appropriate assessment for 2026, and we will provide updates as needed.

Okay. Can you also comment on the higher insurance requirements, please?

Maybe I'm not understanding the higher insurance requirements question. Are you talking about those people that maybe didn't enroll in ACA and then had to go to a different insurance policy?

Yes. I'm referring to the actively managed and improved patient mix, where we are selecting our patients more carefully.

Okay. There's a lot happening with insurance and enrollment, so thank you for clarifying that. We're feeling positive about our patient mix. The only aspect we're monitoring is how the open enrollment period concluded and whether that affected anything once we see the first month's payments come through, but nothing else is concerning.

I have 2. First on U.S. volumes. Helen, if I can push you a bit further. One of your competitors mentioned that they expect a very slow start into the year in negative territory. So just the question is like whether or not you expect to see the same trends at play? And as a result, and assuming that you would also agree with the statement of getting back to 2% volume growth by 2029, how much of U.S. dialysis volume recovery is a prerequisite to achieve the mid-single-digit growth CAGR in Care Enablement? So I guess, how much of the Care Enablement growth is intertwined with the volume recovery in the U.S.? And second, on FME2025. Historically, you guys had a balanced recognition of both benefits and costs from the efficiency program in FY '26. It seems that you have a bit more of one-off costs that you recognize. So just curious about where exactly the lag between the cost and the benefits comes from.

Thanks, Hugo. I'll address the volume question, and Martin can provide more detail on the benefits and costs. We touched on some of this. Q1 is always a challenging quarter for predicting volumes due to weather and flu-related effects. We know where we ended up, and you can see our results in Q4. We need to wait for data to understand how Q1 will unfold. I'm not going to comment on quarterly phasing at this point. It's important to see what the first quarter looks like given the current uncertainties, especially regarding weather. Regarding market treatment growth, I believe all our efforts, particularly the enthusiasm around 5008X and our patient safety and quality initiatives aimed at reducing hospitalizations, improving mortality, and minimizing missed treatments, will continue to yield benefits over time. While I won't specify a timeline, there is definitely improvement included in our 3-year and 5-year outlook. Martin, would you like to discuss FME25?

More than happy to cover the FME25. So you're right, we are front-loading 2026 a bit. And also, we have then in '27 a higher savings contribution. And as you would expect, at the end of the program, a lower onetime cost because we want to have savings effectiveness in 2027 as well. On the '26 front-loading, you see that a lot of the measures are tilted of the remaining EUR 400 million also towards Care Delivery with 40% contribution. And there, the clinic footprint optimization that Helen referred to as well as efficiencies that we drive in real estate are more front-loaded on the onetime cost and then they will contribute subsequently to the savings. I hope that gives a bit more color.

It's regarding the strong performance in Q4, especially in Care Delivery. I'm trying to understand the contributions from the phosphate binder and the TDAPA catheter. It seems to me that these were primarily responsible for the year-over-year growth. Is the TDAPA payment a significant portion of the EUR 90 million you projected for the full year of 2025? Additionally, looking ahead to 2026 and 2027, it appears there could be an additional EUR 250 million from TDAPA and phosphate binders by 2027. Am I exaggerating that, or how do you view your growth potential for 2027?

Yes. So Graham, let me tackle the TDAPA contribution and because I outlined in quarter 4 that, yes, there was a contribution from the catheter lock solution of about EUR 70 million in the quarter, and that was due to the much higher than anticipated adoption and prescription that we saw for one of those 2 solutions that was under TDAPA and the other one is not. So that was something that drove some of the higher contribution, so to say. We outlined that, that solution will be year-over-year, not a head or a tailwind because we expect that it's a similar contribution for 2026. In wholesale in '25, we had EUR 90 million and it was Q3 and Q4 and then in Q1 and Q2 '26. So it will be a non-year-over-year effect, yes. To the earlier point, I think I was very clear on binders where we ended the year with EUR 220 million, and I outlined how that is. So I'm not going to repeat and dig into that again. But I think with the EUR 150 million to EUR 200 million regulatory headwinds, we have provided also a very clear building block.

Yes, Graham. And maybe I'll just pick up on your point.

I wanted to mention the importance of 2027, as it seems that this TDAPA component was quite a pleasant surprise. However, when we look ahead to modeling for 2027, what should we expect?

Yes. So regarding both aspects, the expectation is that the TDAPA period will conclude in 2026, at which point there will be a payment integrated into the bundle. However, we do not yet know the specifics of that bundle payment for 2027 or even for the catheter lock solution halfway through 2026. We understand that some of this will remain within the business. For our pharmaceutical division, it won't decrease to zero. As we move through 2026, we will need to monitor how the pricing behaves, particularly in terms of branded pricing as it transitions to these bundled products. We are not breaking this down on a year-by-year basis, which is why we've provided a three-year compound annual growth rate. You also heard me mention the low teens compound annual growth rate we anticipate after the binder phase. Clearly, there will be positive impacts in 2025 and 2026, but we expect some decline in 2026, and we'll need to determine how much won't remain in the bundle for 2027. Alongside this, we have numerous other initiatives, especially in Care Delivery, where we anticipate significant benefits from the backend implementation of HDF and other initiatives. We have been explicit in trying to quantify the TDAPA aspect because we acknowledge its significant contribution in 2025. Our aim is to sustain that strong base in 2026, despite any potential decline related to the TDAPA regulations. We are also investing in the future, which includes front-end loading training costs for HDF and investing in system platforms that will enhance efficiencies moving forward.

Two if I can, please. And just first one, just a clarification. Can you confirm you said Corporate costs were EUR 200 million to EUR 220 million and intercompany were EUR 100 million for this year? I understand you're prioritizing your own clinics in Care Enablement, so we should see higher eliminations. But why such a large increase in Corporate costs? And is this a permanent step-up as part of your '28 growth outlook? And then I'll come back for a follow-up.

So on the intercompany profit elimination, yes, you're right. We called it out EUR 100 million, and it has to do with the prioritization of the rollout of high volume HDF and that is something on the Corporate line that is being eliminated. So confirming that. On the Corporate cost, the EUR 200 million to EUR 220 million, I did call out that we have in the Corporate line, the IT platform investments that we included in the investment line that drives a year-over-year increase. That's why the assumption is higher. And in addition, you know that we have that FX impacts that we normally have from the gross charge out of the Corporate line and the global functions, and that is also contributing a low double-digit million in the increase year-over-year. So those 2 effects are explaining the year-over-year.

That's great. And then my follow-up question is, if you could just talk a little bit more about the number of missed treatments in the U.S. At least like the treatment numbers, I think they were lower by 150,000, which I know includes some divestments. And you talked about weather and flu, I think, in some of the comments earlier, but just wondering if you could comment on the perspective, this actually might be a structural headwind because we do understand if patients are entering dialysis, they're increasingly older perhaps kind of post COVID. Maybe they've got more comorbidities, so they require more hospitalizations and they're missing treatments. And if so, like how can this trend reverse, which does seem to be key to unlocking the same market treatment growth if the funnel is slowing?

Yes. We don't think this is a structural issue. We are seeing an increase in missed treatments, and we have specific initiatives that we are pursuing to help reduce this, such as improving mortality and reducing hospitalization days. Additionally, in 2025, there will be one less treatment day compared to 2024 because of the timing of the Christmas and New Year holidays, which affects our numbers for that year. However, we are optimistic about the work we are undertaking, and we have visibility into these initiatives that will help improve treatment flow. We are confident that this will lead to over 2% growth in same market treatments, and we expect to see progress as we continue with HDF. Thank you for your question.

Thank you. Good. We do have no further questions in the call. So thank you for your patience. Thank you for your interest. Thank you for your good questions. And we'll see all of you or many of you on the road, I hope, in the next 2 months.

Yes. Thanks, everyone.

Thank you.

Great dialogue. Thank you. Bye-bye.

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