8-K

Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. (IBKR)

8-K 2021-10-19 For: 2021-10-19
View Original
Added on April 02, 2026

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the

Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of Earliest Event Reported):  October 19, 2021

Interactive Brokers Group, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware 001-33440 30-0390693
(State or Other Jurisdiction<br><br> <br>of Incorporation) (Commission File Number) (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

One Pickwick Plaza, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830

(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(203) 618-5800

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Not Applicable

(Former Name or Former Address, if Changed Since Last Report)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
Title of each class Trading Symbol Name of the exchange on which registered
--- --- ---
Class A common stock, par value $.01<br> per share IBKR The Nasdaq Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (230.405 of this<br> chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (240.12b-2 of this chapter).
---
Emerging growth company  ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any<br> new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Item 2.02. Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

On October 19, 2021, Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. (the “Company”) issued a press release reporting its financial results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2021. A copy of the press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this report and incorporated herein by reference. All of the information furnished in this report (including Exhibit 99.1 hereto) shall not be deemed to be “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and unless expressly set forth by specific reference in such filings, shall not be incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, whether made before or after the date hereof and regardless of any general incorporation language in such filings.

Item 9.01. Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits
99.1 Press Release<br> dated October 19, 2021.
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104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within<br> the Inline XBRL Document).
--- ---

***


SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

Dated: October 19, 2021

INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP, INC.
By: /s/ Paul J. Brody
Name: Paul J. Brody
Title: Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer<br><br> <br>and Secretary

Exhibit 99.1

INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP ANNOUNCES 3Q2021 RESULTS

— — —

DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE OF $0.43, ADJUSTED DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE^1^ OF $0.78.

PRETAX INCOME OF $234 MILLION ON $464 MILLION IN NET REVENUES.

ADJUSTED PRETAX INCOME OF $420 MILLION ON $650 MILLION IN ADJUSTED NET REVENUES^1^.

DECLARES QUARTERLY DIVIDEND OF $0.10 PER SHARE.

GREENWICH, CONN, October 19, 2021 — Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. (Nasdaq: IBKR), an automated global electronic broker, reported diluted earnings per share of $0.43 for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 compared to $0.58 for the same period in 2020, and adjusted diluted earnings per share of $0.78 for this quarter compared to $0.53 for the year-ago quarter.

Net revenues were $464 million and income before income taxes was $234 million for this quarter, compared to net revenues of $548 million and income before income taxes of $334 million for the same period in 2020. Adjusted net revenues were $650 million and adjusted income before income taxes was $420 million for this quarter, compared to adjusted net revenues of $518 million and adjusted income before income taxes of $304 million for the same period in 2020.

Financial Highlights

Commission revenue increased $32 million, or 11%, from the year-ago quarter on higher customer stock and options trading volumes.
Net interest income increased $79 million, or 41%, from the year-ago quarter on higher margin loan balances and strong securities lending activity.
--- ---
Other income decreased $199 million from the year-ago quarter. This decrease was mainly comprised of (1) $191 million related to our strategic investment in Up Fintech Holding Limited (“Tiger Brokers”), which<br> decreased to a $185 million mark-to-market loss this quarter from a $6 million mark-to-market gain in the same period in 2020; and (2) $30 million related to our currency diversification strategy, which lost $3 million this quarter compared<br> to a gain of $27 million in the same period in 2020; partially offset by (3) the non-recurrence of a $13 million impairment loss on our investment in OneChicago Exchange recognized in the year-ago quarter.
--- ---
50% pretax profit margin for this quarter, down from 61% in the year-ago quarter. 65% adjusted pretax profit margin for this quarter, up from 59% in the year-ago quarter.
--- ---
Total equity of $10.0 billion.
--- ---

The Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.10 per share. This dividend is payable on December 14, 2021 to shareholders of record as of December 1, 2021.


^1^ See the reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures starting on page 9.

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Business Highlights

Customer accounts increased 57% from the year-ago quarter to 1.54 million.
Customer equity grew 52% from the year-ago quarter to $353.8 billion.
--- ---
Total DARTs^2^ increased 24% from the year-ago quarter to 2.26 million.
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Cleared DARTs increased 24% from the year-ago quarter to 2.02 million.
--- ---
Customer credits increased 22% from the year-ago quarter to $86.2 billion.
--- ---
Customer margin loans increased 67% from the year-ago quarter to $50.2 billion.
--- ---

Effects of Foreign Currency Diversification

In connection with our currency diversification strategy, we base our net worth in GLOBALs, a basket of 10 major currencies in which we hold our equity. In this quarter, our currency diversification strategy decreased our comprehensive earnings by $43 million, as the U.S. dollar value of the GLOBAL decreased by approximately 0.41%. The effects of the currency diversification strategy are reported as components of (1) Other Income (loss of $3 million) and (2) Other Comprehensive Income (loss of $40 million).

Conference Call Information:

Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. will hold a conference call with investors today, October 19, 2021, at 4:30 p.m. ET to discuss its quarterly results.  Investors who would like to listen to the conference call live should dial 877-324-1965 (U.S. domestic) and 631-291-4512 (international). The number should be dialed approximately ten minutes prior to the start of the conference call. Ask for the “Interactive Brokers Conference Call.” The conference call will also be accessible simultaneously, and through replays, as an audio webcast through the Investor Relations section of the Interactive Brokers web site, www.interactivebrokers.com/ir.

About Interactive Brokers Group, Inc.:

Interactive Brokers Group affiliates provide automated trade execution and custody of securities, commodities and foreign exchange around the clock on over 135 markets in numerous countries and currencies, from a single IBKR Integrated Investment Account to clients worldwide. We service individual investors, hedge funds, proprietary trading groups, financial advisors and introducing brokers. Our four decades of focus on technology and automation has enabled us to equip our clients with a uniquely sophisticated platform to manage their investment portfolios. We strive to provide our clients with advantageous execution prices and trading, risk and portfolio management tools, research facilities and investment products, all at low or no cost, positioning them to achieve superior returns on investments. Barron’s ranked Interactive Brokers #1 with 5 out of 5 stars in its February 26, 2021, Best Online Broker Review.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements:

The foregoing information contains certain forward-looking statements that reflect the Company’s current views with respect to certain current and future events and financial performance. These forward-looking statements are and will be, as the case may be, subject to many risks, uncertainties and factors relating to the Company’s operations and business environment which may cause the Company’s actual results to be materially different from any future results, expressed or implied, in these forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements in this release are based upon information available to the Company on the date of this release. The Company does not undertake to publicly update or revise its forward-looking statements even if experience or future changes make it clear that any statements expressed or implied therein will not be realized. Additional information on risk factors that could potentially affect the Company’s financial results may be found in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

For Interactive Brokers Group, Inc. Investors: Nancy Stuebe, investor-relations@ibkr.com or Media: Rob Garfield, media@ibkr.com.


^2^ Daily average revenue trades (DARTs) are based on customer orders.

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INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(UNAUDITED)

Three Months Nine Months
Ended September 30, Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Revenues:
Commissions $ 311 $ 279 $ 1,030 $ 824
Other fees and services 49 45 160 123
Other income (loss) (170) 29 68 25
Total non-interest income 190 353 1,258 972
Interest income 325 240 1,022 853
Interest expense (51) (45) (169) (206)
Total net interest income 274 195 853 647
Total net revenues 464 548 2,111 1,619
Non-interest expenses:
Execution, clearing and distribution fees 61 74 183 227
Employee compensation and benefits 98 77 291 239
Occupancy, depreciation and amortization 19 17 58 51
Communications 8 6 24 19
General and administrative 44 37 138 206
Customer bad debt - 3 3 13
Total non-interest expenses 230 214 697 755
Income before income taxes 234 334 1,414 864
Income tax expense 28 32 116 65
Net income 206 302 1,298 799
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 164 256 1,057 675
Net income available for common stockholders $ 42 $ 46 $ 241 $ 124
Earnings per share:
Basic $ 0.44 $ 0.59 $ 2.60 $ 1.60
Diluted $ 0.43 $ 0.58 $ 2.58 $ 1.58
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic 96,229,958 78,509,625 92,814,767 77,543,008
Diluted 96,989,968 79,120,548 93,671,689 78,243,699

3


INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(UNAUDITED)

Three Months Nine Months
Ended September 30, Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
(in millions, except share and per share data)
Comprehensive income:
Net income available for common stockholders $ 42 $ 46 $ 241 $ 124
Other comprehensive income:
Cumulative translation adjustment, before income taxes (9) 8 (21) 5
Income taxes related to items of other comprehensive income - - - -
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (9) 8 (21) 5
Comprehensive income available for common stockholders $ 33 $ 54 $ 220 $ 129
Comprehensive earnings per share:
Basic $ 0.34 $ 0.69 $ 2.37 $ 1.67
Diluted $ 0.34 $ 0.69 $ 2.35 $ 1.65
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic 96,229,958 78,509,625 92,814,767 77,543,008
Diluted 96,989,968 79,120,548 93,671,689 78,243,699
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests:
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests $ 164 $ 256 $ 1,057 $ 675
Other comprehensive income - cumulative translation adjustment (31) 37 (74) 24
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests $ 133 $ 293 $ 983 $ 699

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INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(UNAUDITED)

September 30,<br><br> <br>2021 December 31,<br><br> <br>2020
(in millions)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 2,838 $ 4,292
Cash - segregated for regulatory purposes 23,125 15,903
Securities - segregated for regulatory purposes 14,400 27,821
Securities borrowed 3,811 4,956
Securities purchased under agreements to resell 6,108 792
Financial instruments owned, at fair value 659 630
Receivables from customers, net of allowance for credit losses 50,503 39,333
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations 4,038 1,254
Other assets 800 698
Total assets $ 106,282 $ 95,679
Liabilities and equity
Liabilities
Short-term borrowings $ 28 $ 118
Securities loaned 10,535 9,838
Financial instruments sold but not yet purchased, at fair value 233 153
Other payables:
Customers 84,087 75,882
Brokers, dealers and clearing organizations 781 182
Other payables 607 503
85,475 76,567
Total liabilities 96,271 86,676
Equity
Stockholders' equity 2,331 1,951
Noncontrolling interests 7,680 7,052
Total equity 10,011 9,003
Total liabilities and equity $ 106,282 $ 95,679
September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Ownership of IBG LLC Membership Interests Interests % Interests %
IBG, Inc. 98,175,951 23.5% 90,780,444 21.8%
Noncontrolling interests (IBG Holdings LLC) 319,880,492 76.5% 325,960,034 78.2%
Total IBG LLC membership interests 418,056,443 100.0% 416,740,478 100.0%

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INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

OPERATING DATA

TRADE VOLUMES:

(in 000's, except %)

Cleared Non-Cleared Avg. Trades
Customer % Customer % Principal % Total % per U.S.
Period Trades Change Trades Change Trades Change Trades Change Trading Day
2018 328,099 21,880 18,663 368,642 1,478
2019 302,289 (8%) 26,346 20% 17,136 (8%) 345,771 (6%) 1,380
2020 620,405 105% 56,834 116% 27,039 58% 704,278 104% 2,795
3Q2020 160,015 14,701 7,453 182,169 2,846
3Q2021 193,218 21% 18,106 23% 8,228 10% 219,552 21% 3,431
2Q2021 196,659 16,130 7,975 220,764 3,504
3Q2021 193,218 (2%) 18,106 12% 8,228 3% 219,552 (1%) 3,431

CONTRACT AND SHARE VOLUMES:

(in 000's, except %)

TOTAL

Options % Futures^1^ % Stocks %
Period (contracts) Change (contracts) Change (shares) Change
2018 408,406 151,762 210,257,186
2019 390,739 (4%) 128,770 (15%) 176,752,967 (16%)
2020 624,035 60% 167,078 30% 338,513,068 92%
3Q2020 163,972 39,186 87,514,614
3Q2021 214,988 31% 36,940 (6%) 172,828,874 97%
2Q2021 196,715 35,061 172,099,915
3Q2021 214,988 9% 36,940 5% 172,828,874 0%

ALL CUSTOMERS

Options % Futures^1^ % Stocks %
Period (contracts) Change (contracts) Change (shares) Change
2018 358,852 148,485 198,909,375
2019 349,287 (3%) 126,363 (15%) 167,826,490 (16%)
2020 584,195 67% 164,555 30% 331,263,604 97%
3Q2020 153,612 38,685 85,893,357
3Q2021 205,797 34% 36,473 (6%) 172,082,316 100%
2Q2021 189,073 34,635 171,417,373
3Q2021 205,797 9% 36,473 5% 172,082,316 0%

CLEARED CUSTOMERS

Options % Futures^1^ % Stocks %
Period (contracts) Change (contracts) Change (shares) Change
2018 313,795 146,806 194,012,882
2019 302,068 (4%) 125,225 (15%) 163,030,500 (16%)
2020 518,965 72% 163,101 30% 320,376,365 97%
3Q2020 137,660 38,405 83,246,086
3Q2021 186,656 36% 36,245 (6%) 169,002,045 103%
2Q2021 170,902 34,355 168,601,027
3Q2021 186,656 9% 36,245 6% 169,002,045 0%

^1^ Includes options on futures.

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  INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

OPERATING DATA, CONTINUED

PRINCIPAL TRANSACTIONS

Options % Futures^1^ % Stocks %
Period (contracts) Change (contracts) Change (shares) Change
2018 49,554 3,277 11,347,811
2019 41,452 (16%) 2,407 (27%) 8,926,477 (21%)
2020 39,840 (4%) 2,523 5% 7,249,464 (19%)
3Q2020 10,360 501 1,621,257
3Q2021 9,191 (11%) 467 (7%) 746,558 (54%)
2Q2021 7,642 426 682,542
3Q2021 9,191 20% 467 10% 746,558 9%

^1^ Includes options on futures.

CUSTOMER STATISTICS

  Year over Year
3Q2021 3Q2020 % Change
Total Accounts (in thousands) 1,536 981 57%
Customer Equity (in billions)^1^ $ 353.8 $ 232.7 52%
Cleared DARTs (in thousands) 2,017 1,629 24%
Total Customer DARTs (in thousands) 2,263 1,832 24%
Cleared Customers
Commission per Cleared Commissionable Order^2^ $ 2.46 $ 2.69 (9%)
Cleared Avg. DARTs per Account (Annualized) 343 442 (22%)
Consecutive Quarters 3Q2021 2Q2021 % Change
Total Accounts (in thousands) 1,536 1,414 9%
Customer Equity (in billions)^1^ $ 353.8 $ 363.5 (3%)
Cleared DARTs (in thousands) 2,017 2,082 (3%)
Total Customer DARTs (in thousands) 2,263 2,304 (2%)
Cleared Customers
Commission per Cleared Commissionable Order^2^ $ 2.46 $ 2.38 3%
Cleared Avg. DARTs per Account (Annualized) 343 382 (10%)

^1^ Excludes non-customers.
^2^ Commissionable Order - a customer order that generates commissions.

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INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NET INTEREST MARGIN

(UNAUDITED)

Three Months Nine Months
Ended September 30, Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
(in millions)
Average interest-earning assets
Segregated cash and securities $ 37,239 $ 43,589 $ 41,212 $ 41,283
Customer margin loans 46,636 28,490 43,611 27,052
Securities borrowed 3,567 4,477 3,836 4,448
Other interest-earning assets 7,426 5,075 6,751 5,288
FDIC sweeps^1^ 2,707 2,982 2,758 2,864
$ 97,575 $ 84,613 $ 98,168 $ 80,935
Average interest-bearing liabilities
Customer credit balances $ 78,625 $ 68,867 $ 78,063 $ 65,716
Securities loaned 10,489 5,756 10,891 5,304
Other interest-bearing liabilities - 251 145 313
$ 89,114 $ 74,874 $ 89,099 $ 71,333
Net interest income
Segregated cash and securities, net $ (4) $ 14 $ (4) $ 159
Customer margin loans^2^ 141 83 386 287
Securities borrowed and loaned, net 123 86 434 228
Customer credit balances, net^2^ 8 8 25 (55)
Other net interest income^1/3^ 9 10 25 47
Net interest income^3^ $ 277 $ 201 $ 866 $ 666
Net interest margin ("NIM") 1.13% 0.94% 1.18% 1.10%
Annualized yields
Segregated cash and securities -0.04% 0.13% -0.01% 0.51%
Customer margin loans 1.20% 1.16% 1.18% 1.41%
Customer credit balances -0.04% -0.05% -0.04% 0.11%

^1^ Represents the average amount of customer cash swept into FDIC-insured banks as part of our Insured Bank Deposit Sweep Program. This item is<br> not recorded in the Company's consolidated statements of financial condition. Income derived from program deposits is reported in other net interest income in the table above.
^2^ Interest income and interest expense on customer margin loans and customer credit balances, respectively, are calculated on daily cash<br> balances within each customer’s account on a net basis, which may result in an offset of balances across multiple account segments (e.g., between securities and commodities segments).
^3^ Includes income from financial instruments that has the same characteristics as interest, but is reported in other fees and services and other<br> income in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, $2 million, $6 million, $14 million, and $14 million were reported in other fees and services,<br> respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, $0 million, $0 million, -$1 million, and $5 million were reported in other income, respectively.

8


INTERACTIVE BROKERS GROUP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

RECONCILIATION OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

(UNAUDITED)

Three Months Nine Months
Ended September 30, Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
(in millions)
Adjusted net revenues^1^
Net revenues - GAAP $ 464 $ 548 $ 2,111 $ 1,619
Non-GAAP adjustments
Currency diversification strategy, net 3 (27) 14 6
Mark-to-market on investments^2^ 184 (3) (28) (3)
Remeasurement of TRA liability^3^ (1) - (1) -
Total non-GAAP adjustments 186 (30) (15) 3
Adjusted net revenues $ 650 $ 518 $ 2,096 $ 1,622
Adjusted income before income taxes^1^
Income before income taxes - GAAP $ 234 $ 334 $ 1,414 $ 864
Non-GAAP adjustments
Currency diversification strategy, net 3 (27) 14 6
Mark-to-market on investments^2^ 184 (3) (28) (3)
Remeasurement of TRA liability^3^ (1) - (1) -
Customer compensation expense^4^ - - - 103
Bad debt expense^5^ - - - 1
Total non-GAAP adjustments 186 (30) (15) 107
Adjusted income before income taxes $ 420 $ 304 $ 1,399 $ 971
Adjusted pre-tax profit margin 65% 59% 67% 60%

9


Three Months Nine Months
Ended September 30, Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
(in millions)
Adjusted net income available for common stockholders^1^
Net income available for common stockholders - GAAP $ 42 $ 46 $ 241 $ 124
Non-GAAP adjustments
Currency diversification strategy, net 1 (5) 3 1
Mark-to-market on investments^2^ 43 (1) (6) (1)
Remeasurement of TRA liability^3^ (1) - (1) -
Customer compensation expense^4^ - - - 19
Bad debt expense^5^ - - - 0
Income tax effect of above adjustments^6^ (10) 1 1 (4)
Remeasurement of deferred income taxes^7^ 1 - 1 -
Total non-GAAP adjustments 33 (4) (2) 16
Adjusted net income available for common stockholders $ 75 $ 42 $ 239 $ 140

Note: Amounts may not add due to rounding.

Three Months Nine Months
Ended September 30, Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
(in dollars)
Adjusted diluted EPS^1^
Diluted EPS - GAAP $ 0.43 $ 0.58 $ 2.58 $ 1.58
Non-GAAP adjustments
Currency diversification strategy, net 0.01 (0.06) 0.03 0.02
Mark-to-market on investments^2^ 0.44 (0.01) (0.06) (0.01)
Remeasurement of TRA liability^3^ (0.01) 0.00 (0.01) 0.00
Customer compensation expense^4^ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.24
Bad debt expense^5^ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Income tax effect of above adjustments^6^ (0.10) 0.02 0.01 (0.05)
Remeasurement of deferred income taxes^7^ 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00
Total non-GAAP adjustments 0.34 (0.05) (0.02) 0.20
Adjusted diluted EPS $ 0.78 $ 0.53 $ 2.55 $ 1.79
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding 96,989,968 79,120,548 93,671,689 78,243,699

Note: Amounts may not add due to rounding.

10


Note: The term “GAAP” in the following explanation refers to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States.

^1^Adjusted net revenues, adjusted income before income taxes, adjusted net income available for common stockholders and adjusted diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) are non-GAAP financial measures as defined by SEC Regulation G.

We define adjusted net revenues as net revenues adjusted to remove the effect of our GLOBAL currency diversification strategy, our net<br> mark-to-market gains (losses) on investments^2^, and the remeasurement of our Tax Receivable Agreement (“TRA”) liability^3^.
We define adjusted income before income taxes as income before income taxes adjusted to remove the effect of our GLOBAL currency diversification<br> strategy, our net mark-to-market gains (losses) on investments, the remeasurement of our TRA liability, customer compensation expenses^4^, and unusual bad debt expense^5^.
--- ---
We define adjusted net income available to common stockholders as net income available for common stockholders adjusted to remove the after-tax<br> effects attributable to IBG, Inc. of our GLOBAL currency diversification strategy, our mark-to-market gains (losses) on investments, the remeasurement of our TRA liability, customer compensation expenses, unusual bad debt expense, and the<br> remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets^7^.
--- ---

Management believes these non-GAAP items are important measures of our financial performance because they exclude certain items that may not be indicative of our core operating results and business outlook and may be useful to investors and analysts in evaluating the operating performance of the business and facilitating a meaningful comparison of our results in the current period to those in prior and future periods. Our GLOBAL currency diversification strategy, our mark-to-market on investments, the remeasurement of our TRA liability, customer compensation expenses, unusual bad debt expense, and the remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets are excluded because management does not believe they are indicative of our underlying core business performance. Adjusted net revenues, adjusted income before income taxes, adjusted net income available to common stockholders and adjusted diluted EPS should be considered in addition to, rather than as a substitute for, GAAP net revenues, income before income taxes, net income attributable to common stockholders and diluted EPS.

^2^ Mark-to-market on investments represents the net mark-to-market gains (losses) on our U.S. government securities portfolio, which are typically held to maturity, investments in equity securities that do not qualify for equity method accounting which are measured at fair value, and certain other investments, including equity securities taken over by the Company from customers related to losses on margin loans.

^3^Remeasurement of our TRA liability represents the change in the amount payable to IBG Holdings LLC under the TRA, primarily due to changes in the Company’s effective tax rates. For further information refer to Note 4 – Equity and Earnings per Share under Part II, Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 26, 2021.

^4^ Customer compensation expenses were incurred to compensate certain affected customers in connection with their losses on West Texas Intermediate Crude Oil contracts on April 20, 2020, as previously disclosed.

^5^ Unusual bad debt expense includes material losses on margin loans resulting from unusual events that occur in the marketplace. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, unusual bad debt expense reflects losses incurred by customers in excess of the equity in their accounts, related to the West Texas Intermediate Crude Oil event, as previously disclosed.

11


^6^The income tax effect is estimated using the corporate income tax rates applicable to the Company.

^7^Remeasurement of certain deferred tax assets represents the change in the unamortized balance of deferred tax assets related to the step-up in basis arising from the acquisition of interests in IBG LLC, primarily due to changes in the Company’s effective tax rates. For further information refer to Note 4 – Equity and Earnings per Share under Part II, Item 8 – Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 26, 2021.

12