10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended January 22, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

for the transition period from to.

Commission File Number: 1-9390

____________________________________________________

JACK IN THE BOX INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Delaware	95-2698708
(State of Incorporation)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

9357 Spectrum Center Blvd.

San Diego, California 92123

(Address of principal executive offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (858) 571-2121

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registeredCommon StockJACKNASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	þ	Smaller reporting company	☐
Accelerated filer	☐	Emerging growth company	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐ No þ

As of the close of business February 23, 2023, 20,600,388 shares of the registrant’s common stock were outstanding.

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

		Page
	PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited):
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	5
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	30
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	30
	PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	31
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	31
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	31
Item 3.	Defaults of Senior Securities	31
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	31
Item 5.	Other Information	31
Item 6.	Exhibits	32
	Signature	33

ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

	January 22,<br>2023		October 2,<br>2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash	$	153,846	$	108,890
Restricted cash	27,772		27,150
Accounts and other receivables, net	56,987		103,803
Inventories	5,070		5,264
Prepaid expenses	11,247		16,095
Current assets held for sale	4,600		17,019
Other current assets	4,828		4,772
Total current assets	264,350		282,993
Property and equipment:
Property and equipment, at cost	1,251,566		1,228,916
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(826,928)		(810,752)
Property and equipment, net	424,638		418,164
Other assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,327,654		1,332,135
Intangible assets, net	11,951		12,324
Trademarks	283,500		283,500
Goodwill	359,511		366,821
Other assets, net	235,414		226,569
Total other assets	2,218,030		2,221,349
	$	2,907,018	$	2,922,506
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Current liabilities:
Current maturities of long-term debt	$	30,110	$	30,169
Current operating lease liabilities	168,946		171,311
Accounts payable	37,519		66,271
Accrued liabilities	224,740		253,932
Total current liabilities	461,315		521,683
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt, net of current maturities	1,793,395		1,799,540
Long-term operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	1,177,309		1,165,097
Deferred tax liabilities	42,084		37,684
Other long-term liabilities	135,983		134,694
Total long-term liabilities	3,148,771		3,137,015
Stockholders’ deficit:
Preferred stock $0.01 par value, 15,000,000 shares authorized, none issued	—		—
Common stock $0.01 par value, 175,000,000 shares authorized, 82,617,362 and 82,580,599 issued, respectively	826		826
Capital in excess of par value	511,924		508,323
Retained earnings	1,886,980		1,842,947
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(53,493)		(53,982)
Treasury stock, at cost, 62,019,871 and 61,799,221 shares, respectively	(3,049,305)		(3,034,306)
Total stockholders’ deficit	(703,068)		(736,192)
	$	2,907,018	$	2,922,506

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)


	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Revenues:
Company restaurant sales	$	270,191	$	120,056
Franchise rental revenues	108,830		103,099
Franchise royalties and other	76,390		60,755
Franchise contributions for advertising and other services	71,685		60,801
	527,096		344,711
Operating costs and expenses, net:
Food and packaging	81,933		37,537
Payroll and employee benefits	88,641		39,725
Occupancy and other	51,371		20,877
Franchise occupancy expenses	67,224		63,983
Franchise support and other costs	1,877		3,911
Franchise advertising and other services expenses	74,570		63,308
Selling, general and administrative expenses	50,142		25,029
Depreciation and amortization	19,402		12,496
Pre-opening costs	331		310
Other operating (income) expenses, net	(5,501)		3,843
Gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants	(3,825)		(48)
	426,165		270,971
Earnings from operations	100,931		73,740
Other pension and post-retirement expenses, net	2,144		93
Interest expense, net	26,148		20,187
Earnings before income taxes	72,639		53,460
Income taxes	19,385		14,190
Net earnings	$	53,254	$	39,270
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	2.55	$	1.85
Diluted	$	2.54	$	1.85
Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.44	$	0.44

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Net earnings	$	53,254	$	39,270
Other comprehensive income:
Actuarial losses and prior service costs reclassified to earnings	664		996
	664		996
Tax effect	(175)		(258)
Other comprehensive income, net of taxes	489		738
Comprehensive income	$	53,743	$	40,008

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Sixteen Weeks Ended
	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net earnings	$	53,254	$	39,270
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	19,402		12,496
Amortization of franchise tenant improvement allowances and incentives	1,215		1,234
Deferred finance cost amortization	1,616		1,722
Tax deficiency from share-based compensation arrangements	143		38
Deferred income taxes	3,385		2,317
Share-based compensation expense	3,534		1,018
Pension and post-retirement expense	2,144		93
(Gains) losses on cash surrender value of company-owned life insurance	(6,631)		579
Gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants	(3,825)		(48)
Gains on the disposition of property and equipment, net	(10,009)		(617)
Impairment charges and other	483		919
Changes in assets and liabilities, excluding acquisitions:
Accounts and other receivables	37,813		19,910
Inventories	194		(351)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	6,953		2,720
Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities	11,281		10,218
Accounts payable	(31,285)		(5,218)
Accrued liabilities	(24,677)		(47,849)
Pension and post-retirement contributions	(1,688)		(2,075)
Franchise tenant improvement allowance and incentive disbursements	(527)		(1,166)
Other	(303)		(1,159)
Cash flows provided by operating activities	62,472		34,051
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment	(24,028)		(9,401)
Proceeds from the sale of property and equipment	22,103		2,245
Proceeds from the sale and leaseback of assets	—		1,576
Proceeds from the sale of company-operated restaurants	17,609		48
Other	—		(1,305)
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities	15,684		(6,837)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Principal repayments on debt	(7,557)		(223)
Payment of debt issuance costs	—		(2,090)
Dividends paid on common stock	(9,154)		(9,257)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	—		49
Repurchases of common stock	(14,999)		—
Payroll tax payments for equity award issuances	(868)		(795)
Cash flows used in financing activities	(32,578)		(12,316)
Net increase in cash and restricted cash	45,578		14,898
Cash and restricted cash at beginning of period	136,040		73,568
Cash and restricted cash at end of period	$	181,618	$	88,466

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Nature of operations — Jack in the Box Inc. (the “Company”), together with its consolidated subsidiaries, develops, operates, and franchises quick-service restaurants under the Jack in the Box® and Del Taco® restaurant brands.

On March 8, 2022, the Company acquired Del Taco Restaurants, Inc. (“Del Taco”) for cash according to the terms and conditions of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 5, 2021. Del Taco is a nationwide operator and franchisor of restaurants featuring fresh and fast Mexican and American inspired cuisines.

As of January 22, 2023, there were 140 company-operated and 2,046 franchise-operated Jack in the Box restaurants and 273 company-operated and 319 franchise-operated Del Taco restaurants.

References to the Company throughout these notes to condensed consolidated financial statements are made using the first person notations of “we,” “us” and “our.”

Basis of presentation — The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 2, 2022 (“2022 Form 10-K”). The accounting policies used in preparing these condensed consolidated financial statements are the same as those described in our 2022 Form 10-K.

In our opinion, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of financial condition and results of operations for these interim periods have been included. Operating results for one interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results for any other interim period or for the full year.

Fiscal year — The Company’s fiscal year is 52 or 53 weeks ending the Sunday closest to September 30. Our Del Taco subsidiary operates on a fiscal year ending the Tuesday closest to September 30. Fiscal years 2023 and 2022 include 52 weeks. Our first quarter includes 16 weeks and all other quarters include 12 weeks. All comparisons between 2023 and 2022 refer to the 16 weeks (“quarter”) ended January 22, 2023 and January 23, 2022, respectively, unless otherwise indicated.

Use of estimates — In preparing the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management is required to make certain assumptions and estimates that affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and the disclosure of contingencies. In making these assumptions and estimates, management may from time to time seek advice and consider information provided by actuaries and other experts in a particular area. Actual amounts could differ materially from these estimates.

Advertising costs — We administer marketing funds at each of our restaurant brands that include contractual contributions. In 2023 and 2022, marketing fund contributions from Jack in the Box franchise and company-operated restaurants were approximately 5.0% of sales, and marketing fund contributions from Del Taco franchise and company-operated restaurants were approximately 4.0% of sales. Year-to-date incremental contributions made by the Company were less than $0.1 million in 2023. No incremental contributions were made in 2022.

Total contributions made by the Company are included in “Selling, general, and administrative expenses” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of earnings and for the quarter totaled $12.2 million and $6.1 million in 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Allowance for credit losses — The Company closely monitors the financial condition of our franchisees and estimates the allowance for credit losses based on the lifetime expected loss on receivables. These estimates are based on historical collection experience with our franchisees as well as other factors, including current market conditions and events. Credit quality is monitored through the timing of payments compared to predefined aging criteria and known facts regarding the financial condition of the franchisee or customer. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after recovery efforts have ceased.

The following table summarizes the activity in our allowance for doubtful accounts (in thousands):

	Sixteen Weeks Ended
	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Balance as of beginning of period	$	(5,975)	$	(6,292)
Provision for expected credit losses	1,445		(1,036)
Balance as of end of period	$	(4,530)	$	(7,328)

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Business combinations — We account for acquisitions using the acquisition method of accounting. Accordingly, assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The excess of purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired, including the amount assigned to identifiable intangible assets, is recorded as goodwill.

Recent accounting pronouncements — The Company reviewed all recently issued accounting pronouncements and concluded that they were either not applicable or not expected to have a significant impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

2.REVENUE

Nature of products and services — We derive revenue from retail sales at Jack in the Box and Del Taco company-operated restaurants and rental revenue, royalties, advertising, and franchise and other fees from franchise-operated restaurants.

Our franchise arrangements generally provide for an initial franchise fee per restaurant for a 20-year term, and generally require that franchisees pay royalty and marketing fees based upon a percentage of gross sales. The agreements also require franchisees to pay technology fees, as well as sourcing fees for Jack in the Box franchise agreements.

Disaggregation of revenue — The following table disaggregates revenue by segment and primary source for the quarter ended January 22, 2023 (in thousands):


	Jack in the Box		Del Taco		Total
Company restaurant sales	$	126,142	$	144,049	$	270,191
Franchise rental revenues	106,096		2,734		108,830
Franchise royalties	67,569		6,934		74,503
Marketing fees	60,344		5,654		65,998
Technology and sourcing fees	4,969		718		5,687
Franchise fees and other services	1,797		90		1,887
Total revenue	$	366,917	$	160,179	$	527,096

The following table disaggregates revenue by segment and primary source for the quarter ended January 23, 2022 (in thousands):


	Jack in the Box		Del Taco		Total
Company restaurant sales	$	120,056	$	—	$	120,056
Franchise rental revenues	103,099		—		103,099
Franchise royalties	57,648		—		57,648
Marketing fees	55,801		—		55,801
Technology and sourcing fees	5,000		—		5,000
Franchise fees and other services	3,107		—		3,107
Total revenue	$	344,711	$	—	$	344,711

In October 2022, a franchise operator paid the Company $7.3 million in order to sell his restaurants to a new franchisee at the current standard royalty rate, which is lower than the royalty rate in the existing franchise agreements. The payment represented the difference between the existing royalty rate and the new royalty rate based on projected future sales for the remaining term of the existing agreements. The payment is non-refundable and not subject to any adjustments based on actual future sales. The Company determined the transaction represented the termination of the existing agreement rather than the transfer of an agreement between franchisees. As such, the $7.3 million was recognized in franchise royalty revenue during the first quarter of 2023.

Contract liabilities — Our contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue resulting from initial franchise and development fees received from franchisees for new restaurant openings or new franchise terms, which are recognized over the franchise term. We classify these contract liabilities as “Accrued liabilities” and “Other long-term liabilities” in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

A summary of significant changes in our contract liabilities is presented below (in thousands):


	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Deferred franchise and development fees at beginning of period	$	46,449	$	40,435
Revenue recognized	(1,639)		(1,742)
Additions	2,240		680
Deferred franchise and development fees at end of period	$	47,050	$	39,373

As of January 22, 2023, approximately $6.1 million of development fees related to unopened stores are included in deferred revenue. Timing of revenue recognition is dependent upon the timing of store openings and are recognized over the franchise term at the date of opening.

The following table reflects the estimated franchise fees to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied as of January 22, 2023 (in thousands):

Remainder of 2023	$	3,508
2024	4,897
2025	4,661
2026	4,334
2027	3,976
Thereafter	19,583
	$	40,959

We have applied the optional exemption, as provided for under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which allows us to not disclose the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations when the transaction price is a sales-based royalty.

3.BUSINESS COMBINATION

On March 8, 2022, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding equity interest of Del Taco for cash according to the terms and conditions of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 5, 2021. Jack in the Box acquired Del Taco as a part of the Company’s goal to gain greater scale and accelerate growth. Refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 2, 2022 for further discussion regarding the acquisition, including the purchase consideration, purchase price allocation, goodwill and identifiable intangible assets.

Unaudited pro forma results — The following unaudited pro forma combined financial information presents the Company’s results as though Del Taco and the Company had been combined as of the beginning of fiscal year 2021 (in thousands):

	Sixteen Weeks Ended
	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Total revenue	$	527,096	$	503,036
Net earnings	$	53,254	$	28,866

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

The unaudited pro forma financial information for all periods presented includes the business combination accounting effects resulting from the acquisition, mainly including adjustments to reflect additional amortization expense from acquired intangibles, incremental depreciation expense from the fair value property and equipment, elimination of historical interest expense associated with both Del Taco’s and the Company’s historical indebtedness, additional interest expense associated with the new Del Taco revolving credit facility and the Company’s new borrowings as part of the refinancing to fund the acquisition, adjusted rent expense reflecting the acquired right-of-use assets and liabilities to their estimated acquisition-date values based upon valuation of related lease intangibles and remaining payments, as well as the fair value adjustments made to leasehold improvements, certain material non-recurring adjustments and the tax-related effects as though Del Taco was combined as of the beginning of fiscal 2021. The unaudited pro forma financial information as presented above is for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place at the beginning of fiscal 2021, nor is it necessarily an indication of trends in future results for a number of reasons, including, but not limited to, differences between the assumptions used to prepare the pro forma information, cost savings from operating efficiencies, potential synergies, and the impact of incremental costs incurred in integrating the businesses.

For the sixteen weeks ended January 22, 2023, Del Taco had total revenues of $160.2 million and net earnings of $5.2 million.

4.SUMMARY OF REFRANCHISINGS AND FRANCHISE ACQUISITIONS

Refranchisings — The following table summarizes the number of restaurants sold to franchisees and gains recognized (dollars in thousands):

	Sixteen Weeks Ended
	January 22,<br>2023		January 23, 2022 (2)
Restaurants sold to Jack in the Box franchisees	5		—
Restaurants sold to Del Taco franchisees	16		—
Proceeds from the sale of company-operated restaurants	$	17,609	$	48
Net assets sold (primarily property and equipment)	(4,093)		—
Goodwill related to the sale of company-operated restaurants	(7,310)		—
Franchise fees	(577)		—
Sublease liabilities	(1,197)		—
Lease termination	(393)		—
Other (1)	(214)		—
Gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants	$	3,825	$	48

________________________

(1)Amount in 2023 includes $0.2 million related to prior year refranchising transactions.

(2)Amount in 2022 relates to additional proceeds received in connection with the extension of franchise and lease agreements from the sale of restaurants in prior years.

Franchise acquisitions — In 2023, we did not acquire any franchise restaurants. In 2022, we acquired four Jack in the Box franchise restaurants. We account for the acquisition of franchised restaurants using the acquisition method of accounting for business combinations. The purchase price allocations were based on fair value estimates determined using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3). These acquisitions were not material to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Assets held for sale — Assets classified as held for sale on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of January 22, 2023 and January 23, 2022, primarily relate to closed restaurant properties and owned properties which we are actively marketing for sale and/or sales and leaseback within the next 12 months with carrying amounts of $4.6 million and $17.0 million, respectively.

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

5.GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during fiscal 2023 and 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

	Jack in the Box		Del Taco		Total
Balance at October 2, 2022	$	136,099	$	230,722	$	366,821
Sale of Del Taco company-operated restaurants to franchisees	—		(7,238)		(7,238)
Sale of Jack in the Box company-operated restaurants to franchisees	(72)		—		(72)
Balance at January 22, 2023	$	136,027	$	223,484	$	359,511

The net carrying amounts of intangible assets other than goodwill with definite lives are as follows (in thousands):

	January 22,<br>2023						October 2,<br>2022
	Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Amount		Gross Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Amount
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Sublease assets	$	2,671	$	(214)	$	2,457	$	2,671	$	(139)	$	2,532
Franchise contracts	9,700		(476)		9,224		9,700		(311)		9,389
Reacquired franchise rights	376		(106)		270		530		(127)		403
	$	12,747	$	(796)	$	11,951	$	12,901	$	(577)	$	12,324
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Del Taco trademark	$	283,500	$	—	$	283,500	$	283,500	$	—	$	283,500
	$	283,500	$	—	$	283,500	$	283,500	$	—	$	283,500

The following table summarizes, as of January 22, 2023, the estimated amortization expense for each of the next five fiscal years (in thousands):

Remainder of 2023	$	556
2024	$	804
2025	$	804
2026	$	804
2027	$	804

6.LEASES

Nature of leases — We own restaurant sites and we also lease restaurant sites from third parties. Some of these owned or leased sites are leased and/or subleased to franchisees. Initial terms of our real estate leases are generally 20 years, exclusive of options to renew, which are generally exercisable at our sole discretion for 1 to 20 years. In some instances, our leases have provisions for contingent rentals based upon a percentage of defined revenues. Many of our restaurants also have rent escalation clauses and require the payment of property taxes, insurance, and maintenance costs. Variable lease costs include contingent rent, cost-of-living index adjustments, and payments for additional rent such as real estate taxes, insurance, and common area maintenance, which are excluded from the measurement of the lease liability.

As lessor, our leases and subleases primarily consist of restaurants that have been leased to franchisees in connection with refranchising transactions. Revenues from leasing arrangements with our franchisees are presented in “Franchise rental revenues” in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of earnings, and the related expenses are presented in “Franchise occupancy expenses.”

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

The following table presents rental income (in thousands):


	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Operating lease income - franchise	$	73,520	$	71,357
Variable lease income - franchise	35,235		31,742
Amortization of favorable and unfavorable sublease contracts, net	75		—
Franchise rental revenues	$	108,830	$	103,099
Operating lease income - closed restaurants and other (1)	$	2,240	$	1,658

____________________________

(1)Primarily relates to closed restaurant properties included in “Other operating (income) expenses, net” in our condensed consolidated statements of earnings.

7.FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

Financial assets and liabilities — The following table presents our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

	Total		Quoted Prices<br>in Active<br>Markets for<br>Identical<br>Assets (2)<br>(Level 1)		Significant<br>Other<br>Observable<br>Inputs (2)<br>(Level 2)		Significant<br>Unobservable<br>Inputs (2)<br>(Level 3)
Fair value measurements as of January 22, 2023:
Non-qualified deferred compensation plan (1)	$	15,992	$	15,992	$	—	$	—
Total liabilities at fair value	$	15,992	$	15,992	$	—	$	—
Fair value measurements as of October 2, 2022:
Non-qualified deferred compensation plan (1)	$	13,820	$	13,820	$	—	$	—
Total liabilities at fair value	$	13,820	$	13,820	$	—	$	—

____________________________

(1)We maintain an unfunded defined contribution plan for key executives and other members of management. The fair value of this obligation is based on the closing market prices of the participants’ elected investments. The obligation is included in “Accrued liabilities” and “Other long-term liabilities” on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)We did not have any transfers in or out of Level 1, 2 or 3.

The following table presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of our Class A-2 Notes as of January 22, 2023 and October 2, 2022 (in thousands):

	January 22,<br>2023				October 2,<br>2022
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Series 2019 Class A-2 Notes	$	712,313	$	652,923	$	714,125	$	641,851
Series 2022 Class A-2 Notes	$	1,083,500	$	930,347	$	1,089,000	$	917,428

The fair value of the Class A-2 Notes was estimated using Level 2 inputs based on quoted market prices in markets that are not considered active markets. As of January 22, 2023, we had $50.0 million of outstanding borrowings under our Variable Funding Notes. The fair value of these loans approximates their carrying value due to the variable rate nature of these borrowings.

Non-financial assets and liabilities — Our non-financial instruments, which primarily consist of property and equipment, operating lease right-of-use assets, goodwill and intangible assets, are reported at carrying value and are not required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. However, on an annual basis, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable, non-financial instruments are assessed for impairment. If applicable, the carrying values are written down to fair value.

In connection with our impairment reviews performed during 2023, no material fair value adjustments were required.

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

8.OTHER OPERATING (INCOME) EXPENSES, NET

Other operating (income) expenses, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of earnings is comprised of the following (in thousands):


	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Acquisition, integration, and restructuring costs (1)	$	1,651	$	3,013
Costs of closed restaurants and other (2)	2,589		1,072
Accelerated depreciation	268		375
Gains on disposition of property and equipment, net (3)	(10,009)		(617)
	$	(5,501)	$	3,843

________________________

(1)Acquisition, integration, and restructuring costs are related to the acquisition and integration of Del Taco.

(2)Costs of closed restaurants primarily include impairment charges as a result of our decision to close restaurants, ongoing costs associated with closed restaurants, and canceled project costs.

(3)In 2023, gains on disposition of property and equipment relate to the sale of Jack in the Box restaurant properties to franchisees who were leasing the properties from us prior to the sale.

9.SEGMENT REPORTING

Our principal business consists of developing, operating and franchising our Jack in the Box and Del Taco restaurant brands, each of which we consider a reportable operating segment. This segment reporting structure reflects our current management structure, internal reporting method and financial information used in deciding how to allocate our resources. Based upon certain quantitative thresholds, each operating segment is considered a reportable segment.

We measure and evaluate our segments based on segment revenues and segment profit. Our measure of segment profit excludes depreciation and amortization, share-based compensation, company-owned life insurance (“COLI”) gains/losses, net of changes in our non-qualified deferred compensation obligation supported by these policies, acquisition, integration, and restructuring costs, gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants, and amortization of favorable and unfavorable leases and subleases, net. The following table provides information related to our operating segments in each period (in thousands):

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)


	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Revenues by segment:
Jack in the Box	$	366,917	$	344,711
Del Taco	160,179		—
Consolidated revenues	$	527,096	$	344,711
Segment operating profit:
Jack in the Box	$	104,426	$	90,664
Del Taco	12,084		—
Total segment operating profit	$	116,510	$	90,664
Depreciation and amortization	19,402		12,496
Acquisition, integration, and restructuring costs	1,651		3,013
Share-based compensation	3,534		1,018
Net COLI (gains) losses	(5,724)		445
Gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants	(3,825)		(48)
Amortization of favorable and unfavorable leases and subleases, net	541		—
Earnings from operations	$	100,931	$	73,740
Total capital expenditures by segment:
Jack in the Box	$	15,256	$	9,401
Del Taco	8,772		—
Total capital expenditures	$	24,028	$	9,401
Total depreciation and amortization by segment:
Jack in the Box	$	11,029	$	12,496
Del Taco	8,373		—
Total depreciation and amortization	$	19,402	$	12,496

We do not evaluate, manage or measure performance of segments using asset, interest income and expense, or income tax information; accordingly, this information by segment is not prepared or disclosed.

10.INCOME TAXES

The income tax provisions reflect year-to-date effective tax rate of 26.7%, compared with 26.5% in fiscal year 2022. The major components of the increase in tax rate were non-deductible goodwill decrements in the current year offset by non-taxable gains in the current year versus non-deductible losses in the prior year from the market performance of insurance products used to fund certain non-qualified retirement plans.

11.RETIREMENT PLANS

Defined benefit pension plans — We sponsor two defined benefit pension plans, a frozen “Qualified Plan” covering substantially all full-time employees hired prior to January 1, 2011, and an unfunded supplemental executive retirement plan (“SERP”) which provides certain employees additional pension benefits and was closed to new participants effective January 1, 2007. Benefits under both plans are based on the employee’s years of service and compensation over defined periods of employment.

Post-retirement healthcare plans — We also sponsor two healthcare plans, closed to new participants, that provide post-retirement medical benefits to certain employees who have met minimum age and service requirements. The plans are contributory, with retiree contributions adjusted annually, and they contain other cost-sharing features such as deductibles and coinsurance.

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Net periodic benefit cost — The components of net periodic benefit cost in each period were as follows (in thousands):


	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Defined benefit pension plans:
Interest cost	$	5,913	$	4,517
Expected return on plan assets	(4,648)		(5,570)
Actuarial losses (1)	944		1,187
Amortization of unrecognized prior service costs (1)	6		6
Net periodic benefit cost	$	2,215	$	140
Post-retirement healthcare plans:
Interest cost	$	215	$	150
Actuarial gains (1)	(286)		(197)
Net periodic benefit cost	$	(71)	$	(47)

________________________

(1)Amounts were reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into net earnings as a component of “Other pension and post-retirement expenses, net.”

Future cash flows — Our policy is to fund our plans at or above the minimum required by law. As of January 1, 2022, the date of our last actuarial funding valuation, there was no minimum contribution funding requirement for the Qualified Plan. Details regarding 2023 contributions are as follows (in thousands):

	SERP		Post-Retirement<br>Healthcare Plans
Net year-to-date contributions	$	1,311	$	377
Remaining estimated net contributions during fiscal 2023	$	3,902	$	735

We continue to evaluate contributions to our Qualified Plan based on changes in pension assets as a result of asset performance in the current market and the economic environment. We do not anticipate making any contributions to our Qualified Plan in fiscal 2023.

12.STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

Summary of changes in stockholders’ deficit — A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of stockholders’ deficit is presented below (in thousands):

	Number<br>of Shares	Amount		Capital in<br>Excess of<br>Par Value		Retained<br>Earnings		Accumulated<br>Other<br>Comprehensive<br>Loss		Treasury<br>Stock		Total
Balance at October 2, 2022	82,581	$	826	$	508,323	$	1,842,947	$	(53,982)	$	(3,034,306)	$	(736,192)
Shares issued under stock plans, including tax benefit	36	—		—		—		—		—		—
Share-based compensation	—	—		3,534		—		—		—		3,534
Dividends declared	—	—		67		(9,221)		—		—		(9,154)
Purchases of treasury stock	—	—		—		—		—		(14,999)		(14,999)
Net earnings	—	—		—		53,254		—		—		53,254
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		489		—		489
Balance at January 22, 2023	82,617	$	826	$	511,924	$	1,886,980	$	(53,493)	$	(3,049,305)	$	(703,068)

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

	Number<br>of Shares	Amount		Capital in<br>Excess of<br>Par Value		Retained<br>Earnings		Accumulated<br>Other<br>Comprehensive<br>Loss		Treasury<br>Stock		Total
Balance at October 3, 2021	82,536	$	825	$	500,441	$	1,764,412	$	(74,254)	$	(3,009,306)	$	(817,882)
Shares issued under stock plans, including tax benefit	28	1		48		—		—		—		49
Share-based compensation	—	—		1,018		—		—		—		1,018
Dividends declared	—	—		63		(9,320)		—		—		(9,257)
Net earnings	—	—		—		39,270		—		—		39,270
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		738		—		738
Balance at January 23, 2022	82,564	$	826	$	501,570	$	1,794,362	$	(73,516)	$	(3,009,306)	$	(786,064)

Repurchases of common stock — The Company repurchased 0.2 million shares of its common stock in the first quarter of fiscal 2023 for an aggregate cost of $15.0 million. As of January 22, 2023, there was $160.0 million remaining under share repurchase programs authorized by the Board of Directors which expire in November 2023.

Dividends — During the first quarter of 2023, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.44 per common share totaling $9.2 million. Future dividends are subject to approval by our Board of Directors.

13.AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING

The following table reconciles basic weighted-average shares outstanding to diluted weighted-average shares outstanding (in thousands):


	January 22,<br>2023	January 23,<br>2022
Weighted-average shares outstanding – basic	20,921	21,205
Effect of potentially dilutive securities:
Nonvested stock awards and units	79	40
Stock options	—	2
Performance share awards	—	—
Weighted-average shares outstanding – diluted	21,000	21,247
Excluded from diluted weighted-average shares outstanding:
Antidilutive	23	15
Performance conditions not satisfied at the end of the period	112	25

14.COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal matters — We assess contingencies, including litigation contingencies, to determine the degree of probability and range of possible loss for potential accrual in our financial statements. An estimated loss contingency is accrued in the financial statements if it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, assessing contingencies is highly subjective and requires judgments about future events. When evaluating litigation contingencies, we may be unable to provide a meaningful estimate due to a number of factors, including the procedural status of the matter in question, the availability of appellate remedies, insurance coverage related to the claim or claims in question, the presence of complex or novel legal theories, and the ongoing discovery and development of information important to the matter. In addition, damage amounts claimed in litigation against us may be unsupported, exaggerated, or unrelated to possible outcomes, and as such are not meaningful indicators of our potential liability or financial exposure. We regularly review contingencies to determine the adequacy of the accruals and related disclosures. The ultimate amount of loss may differ from these estimates. Any estimate is not an indication of expected loss, if any, or of the Company’s maximum possible loss exposure and the ultimate amount of loss may differ materially from these estimates in the near term.

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Gessele v. Jack in the Box Inc. — In August 2010, five former Jack in the Box employees instituted litigation in federal court in Oregon alleging claims under the federal Fair Labor Standards Act and Oregon wage and hour laws. The plaintiffs alleged that Jack in the Box failed to pay non-exempt employees for certain meal breaks and improperly made payroll deductions for shoe purchases and for workers’ compensation expenses, and later added additional claims relating to timing of final pay and related wage and hour claims involving employees of a franchisee. In 2016, the court dismissed the federal claims and those relating to franchise employees. In June 2017, the court granted class certification with respect to state law claims of improper deductions and late payment of final wages. The parties participated in a voluntary mediation on March 16, 2020, but the matter did not settle. On October 24, 2022, a jury awarded plaintiffs approximately $6.4 million in damages and penalties, in addition to interest and attorney fees to be determined by the court at a later date. The Company continues to dispute liability and the damage award and will defend against both through post-trial motions and all other available appellate remedies. As of January 22, 2023, the Company has accrued the settlement amount, and included it within “Accrued liabilities” on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Torrez — In March 2014, a former Del Taco employee filed a purported Private Attorneys General Act claim and class action alleging various causes of action under California’s labor, wage, and hour laws. The plaintiff generally alleges Del Taco did not appropriately provide meal and rest breaks and failed to pay wages and reimburse business expenses to its California non-exempt employees. On November 12, 2021, the court granted, in part, the plaintiff's motion for class certification. The parties participated in a voluntary mediation on May 24, 2022 and June 3, 2022. On June 4, 2022, we entered into a Settlement Memorandum of Understanding (the “Agreement”) which obligates the Company to pay a gross settlement amount of $50.0 million, for which in exchange we will be released from all claims by the parties. The Agreement contains no admission of wrongdoing and is contingent upon various conditions, including, but not limited to, court approvals. There can be no assurance that the Agreement will be approved by the court nor upheld if challenged on appeal. As of January 22, 2023, the Company has accrued the settlement amount, and included it within “Accrued liabilities” on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

J&D Restaurant Group — On April 17, 2019, the trustee for a bankrupt former franchisee filed a complaint seeking to recover assets in the form of actual and exemplary damages for the bankruptcy trust and generally alleging the Company wrongfully terminated the franchise agreements and unreasonably denied two perspective purchasers that the former franchisee presented. The parties participated in a mediation in April 2021, and again in December 2022, but the matter did not settle. Trial in this matter commenced on January 9, 2023. On February 8, 2023, the jury returned a verdict finding that the Company had not breached any contracts in terminating the franchise agreements or denying the proposed buyers. While the jury also found that the Company had not violated the California Unfair Practices Act, it found for the plaintiff on the breach of implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing claim, and awarded $8.0 million in damages. The Company continues to dispute liability and the damage award and will defend against both through post-trial motions and all other available appellate remedies. As of January 22, 2023, the Company has accrued the verdict, and included it within “Accrued liabilities” on our consolidated balance sheet.

Other legal matters — In addition to the matters described above, we are subject to normal and routine litigation brought by former or current employees, customers, franchisees, vendors, landlords, shareholders, or others. We intend to defend ourselves in any such matters. Some of these matters may be covered, at least in part, by insurance or other third-party indemnity obligation. We record receivables from third party insurers when recovery has been determined to be probable.

Lease guarantees — We remain contingently liable for certain leases relating to our former Qdoba business which we sold in fiscal 2018. Under the Qdoba Purchase Agreement, the buyer has indemnified the Company of all claims related to these guarantees. As of January 22, 2023, the maximum potential liability of future undiscounted payments under these leases is approximately $23.0 million. The lease terms extend for a maximum of approximately 15 more years and we would remain a guarantor of the leases in the event the leases are extended for any established renewal periods. In the event of default, we believe the exposure is limited due to contractual protections and recourse available in the lease agreements, as well as the Qdoba Purchase Agreement, including a requirement of the landlord to mitigate damages by re-letting the properties in default, and indemnity from the Buyer. The Company has not recorded a liability for these guarantees as we believe the likelihood of making any future payments is remote.

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

15.SUPPLEMENTAL CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW INFORMATION (in thousands)

	Sixteen Weeks Ended
	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Non-cash investing and financing transactions:
Decrease in obligations for purchases of property and equipment	$	4,147	$	952
Increase in accrued debt issuance costs	$	—	$	3,955
Increase in dividends accrued or converted to common stock equivalents	$	68	$	63
Right-of use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$	54,246	$	69,789
Right-of use assets obtained in exchange for finance lease obligations	$	—	$	20

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

16.SUPPLEMENTAL CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION (in thousands)

	January 22,<br>2023		October 2,<br>2022
Accounts and other receivables, net:
Trade	$	51,178	$	90,105
Notes receivable, current portion	1,702		8,643
Income tax receivable	871		878
Other	7,766		10,152
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(4,530)		(5,975)
	$	56,987	$	103,803
Property and equipment, net
Land	$	92,860	$	86,134
Buildings	971,935		960,984
Restaurant and other equipment	168,865		163,527
Construction in progress	17,906		18,271
	1,251,566		1,228,916
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(826,928)		(810,752)
	$	424,638	$	418,164
Other assets, net:
Company-owned life insurance policies	$	115,556	$	108,924
Deferred rent receivable	43,114		43,891
Franchise tenant improvement allowance	35,456		32,429
Notes receivable, less current portion	11,099		11,624
Other	30,189		29,701
	$	235,414	$	226,569
Accrued liabilities:
Legal accruals	$	65,115	$	59,165
Payroll and related taxes	35,032		43,837
Insurance	32,580		32,272
Sales and property taxes	18,676		30,947
Deferred rent income	4,722		18,525
Advertising	13,267		11,028
Deferred franchise and development fees	5,775		5,647
Other	49,573		52,511
	$	224,740	$	253,932
Other long-term liabilities:
Defined benefit pension plans	$	51,337	$	51,679
Deferred franchise and development fees	41,275		40,802
Other	43,371		42,213
	$	135,983	$	134,694

17.SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Dividends — On February 24, 2023, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.44 per common share, to be paid on March 28, 2023, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on March 15, 2023.

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

GENERAL

All comparisons between 2023 and 2022 refer to the 16 weeks (“quarter”) ended January 22, 2023 and January 23, 2022, respectively, unless otherwise indicated.

For an understanding of the significant factors that influenced our performance during 2023 and 2022, our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 2, 2022.

Our MD&A consists of the following sections:

•Overview — a general description of our business.

•Results of operations — an analysis of our condensed consolidated statements of earnings for the periods presented in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

•Liquidity and capital resources — an analysis of our cash flows, including capital expenditures, share repurchase activity, dividends, and known trends that may impact liquidity.

•Discussion of critical accounting estimates — a discussion of accounting policies that require critical judgments and estimates.

•New accounting pronouncements — a discussion of new accounting pronouncements, dates of implementation and the impact on our consolidated financial position or results of operations, if any.

•Cautionary statements regarding forward-looking statements — a discussion of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements made by management.

We have included in our MD&A certain performance metrics that management uses to assess company performance and which we believe will be useful in analyzing and understanding our results of operations. These metrics include:

•Changes in sales at restaurants open more than one year (“same-store sales”), systemwide sales, franchised restaurant sales, and average unit volumes (“AUVs”). Same-store sales, restaurant sales, and AUVs are presented for franchised restaurants and on a system-wide basis, which includes company and franchise restaurants. Franchise sales represent sales at franchise restaurants and are revenues of our franchisees. We do not record franchise sales as revenues; however, our royalty revenues, marketing fees and percentage rent revenues are calculated based on a percentage of franchise sales. We believe franchise and system same-store sales, franchised and system restaurant sales, and AUV information are useful to investors as they have a direct effect on the Company’s profitability.

•Adjusted EBITDA represents net earnings on a generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) basis excluding income taxes, interest expense, net, gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants, other operating expenses, net, depreciation and amortization, amortization of favorable and unfavorable leases and subleases, net, and amortization of tenant improvement allowances and incentives. We are presenting Adjusted EBITDA because we believe that it provides a meaningful supplement to net earnings of the Company's core business operating results, as well as a comparison to those of other similar companies. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA, when viewed with the Company's results of operations in accordance with GAAP and the accompanying reconciliations within MD&A, provides useful information about operating performance and period-over-period change, and provides additional information that is useful for evaluating the operating performance of the Company's core business without regard to potential distortions. Additionally, management believes that Adjusted EBITDA permits investors to gain an understanding of the factors and trends affecting our ongoing cash earnings, from which capital investments are made and debt is serviced.

Same-store sales, systemwide sales, franchised restaurant sales, AUVs, and Adjusted EBITDA are not measurements determined in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative to earnings from operations, or other similarly titled measures of other companies.

OVERVIEW

Our Business

Founded in 1951, Jack in the Box Inc. (the “Company”) operates and franchises Jack in the Box® and Del Taco quick-service restaurants. As of January 22, 2023, we operated and franchised 2,186 Jack in the Box quick-service restaurants, primarily in the western and southern United States, including one in Guam, and 592 Del Taco quick-service restaurants across 16 states, including one in Guam.

We derive revenue from retail sales at company-operated restaurants and rental revenue, royalties (based upon a percent of sales), franchise fees and contributions for advertising and other services from franchisees.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table summarizes changes in same-store sales for Jack in the Box company-operated, franchised, and system restaurants:


Jack in the Box:	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Company	12.6	%	(0.3)	%
Franchise	7.4	%	1.4	%
System	7.8	%	1.2	%

The following table summarizes changes in the number and mix of Jack in the Box company and franchise restaurants:

	2023						2022
Jack in the Box:	Company		Franchise		Total		Company		Franchise		Total
Beginning of year	146		2,035		2,181		163		2,055		2,218
New	—		6		6		—		2		2
Acquired from franchisees	—		—		—		4		(4)		—
Refranchised	(5)		5		—		—		—		—
Closed	(1)		—		(1)		(2)		(10)		(12)
End of period	140		2,046		2,186		165		2,043		2,208
% of system	6	%	94	%	100	%	7	%	93	%	100	%

The following table summarizes restaurant sales for Jack in the Box company-operated, franchised, and systemwide sales (in thousands):


Jack in the Box:	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Company-operated restaurant sales	$	126,142	$	120,056
Franchised restaurant sales (1)	1,208,983		1,117,676
Systemwide sales (1)	$	1,335,125	$	1,237,732

________________________

(1)Franchised restaurant sales represent sales at franchised restaurants and are revenues of our franchisees. System sales include company and franchised restaurant sales. We do not record franchised sales as revenues; however, our royalty revenues, marketing fees and percentage rent revenues are calculated based on a percentage of franchised sales. We believe franchised and system restaurant sales information is useful to investors as they have a direct effect on the Company's profitability.

Below is a reconciliation of Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, net earnings (in thousands):


Consolidated:	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Net earnings - GAAP	$	53,254	$	39,270
Income tax expense	19,385		14,190
Interest expense, net	26,148		20,187
Gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants	(3,825)		(48)
Other operating (income) expenses, net	(5,501)		3,843
Depreciation and amortization	19,402		12,496
Amortization of favorable and unfavorable leases and subleases, net	541		—
Amortization of franchise tenant improvement allowances and incentives	1,215		1,234
Adjusted EBITDA - Non-GAAP	$	110,619	$	91,172

Jack in the Box Brand

Company Restaurant Operations

The following table presents company restaurant sales and costs as a percentage of the related sales (dollars in thousands):


	January 22, 2023	January 23, 2022
Company restaurant sales		$	126,142			$	120,056
Company restaurant costs:
Food and packaging		$	41,326	32.8	%	$	37,537	31.3	%
Payroll and employee benefits		$	39,438	31.3	%	$	39,725	33.1	%
Occupancy and other		$	20,377	16.2	%	$	20,877	17.4	%

Company restaurant sales increased $6.1 million or 5.1% compared to the prior year, primarily due to average check and traffic growth, partially offset by a decline in the number of company-operated restaurants. The following table presents the approximate impact of these items on company restaurant sales (in millions):


	January 22,<br>2023
AUV increase	$	14.0
Decrease in the average number of restaurants	(7.9)
Total change in company restaurant sales	$	6.1

Same-store sales at company-operated restaurants increased 12.6% compared to a year ago. The following table summarizes the change versus a year ago:


	January 22,<br>2023
Average check (1)	7.7	%
Transactions	4.9	%
Change in same-store sales	12.6	%

________________________

(1)Includes price increases of approximately 10.3% compared to the prior year.

Food and packaging costs as a percentage of company restaurant sales increased 1.5% compared to the prior year primarily due to higher commodity costs and unfavorable menu item mix, partially offset by an increase in menu pricing.

Commodity costs increased by approximately 15.5% compared to the prior year. The inflation we have experienced is across nearly all categories with the greatest impact seen in produce, sauce and potatoes. For fiscal 2023, we expect annual commodity cost inflation to be up 9% to 11% compared with fiscal 2022.

Payroll and employee benefit costs as a percentage of company restaurant sales decreased 1.8% compared to the prior year primarily due to higher average restaurant sales as a result of a change in restaurant mix and menu price increases, as well as a reduction in workers’ compensation and group insurance. Labor inflation was approximately 9.9% for the current fiscal year. For fiscal 2023, we expect annual wage inflation to be up 3% to 6% compared with fiscal 2022.

Occupancy and other costs, as a percentage of company restaurant sales, decreased 1.2% compared to the prior year primarily due to higher average restaurant sales as a result of a change in restaurant mix and menu price increases, partially offset by higher utilities costs as well as maintenance and repair costs compared with fiscal 2022.

Jack in the Box Franchise Operations

The following table presents franchise revenues and costs in each period and other information we believe is useful in analyzing the change in franchise operating results (dollars in thousands):


	January 22,<br>2023			January 23,<br>2022
Franchise rental revenues	$	106,096		$	103,099
Royalties	67,569			57,648
Franchise fees and other	1,797			3,107
Franchise royalties and other	69,366			60,755
Franchise contributions for advertising and other services	65,313			60,801
Total franchise revenues	$	240,775		$	224,655
Franchise occupancy expenses	$	64,555		$	63,983
Franchise support and other costs	1,416			3,911
Franchise advertising and other services expenses	67,958			63,308
Total franchise costs	$	133,929		$	131,202
Franchise costs as a percentage of total franchise revenues	55.6%			58.4%
Average number of franchise restaurants	2,033			2,039
% decrease	(0.3)%
Franchised restaurant sales	$	1,208,983		$	1,117,676
Franchised restaurant AUVs	$	595		$	548
Royalties as a percentage of total franchised restaurant sales	5.6%		(1)	5.2%

________________________

(1)Excluding the impact of the $7.3 million termination fee discussed below, royalties as a percentage of total franchised restaurant sales would be 5.0% for the sixteen weeks ended January 22, 2023.

Franchise rental revenues increased $3.0 million, or 2.9% compared to the prior year primarily due to higher percentage rent of $2.4 million driven by higher franchise restaurant sales.

Franchise royalties and other increased $8.6 million, or 14.2% compared to the prior year primarily due to a $7.3 million termination fee paid by a franchise operator who sold his restaurants to a new franchisee, as well as higher royalties driven by higher franchise restaurant sales. Refer to Note 2, Revenue, of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information related to the $7.3 million termination fee.

Franchise contributions for advertising and other services revenues increased $4.5 million, or 7.4% compared to the prior year primarily driven by higher franchise restaurant sales.

Franchise occupancy expenses, primarily rent, increased $0.6 million, or 0.9% compared to the prior year primarily due to rent increases, partially offset by lower real estate taxes.

Franchise support and other costs decreased $2.5 million compared to the prior year primarily due to a decrease in franchisee bad debt expense.

Franchise advertising and other service expenses increased $4.7 million, or 7.3% compared to the prior year primarily driven by higher franchise sales.

Del Taco Brand

As of January 22, 2023, there were 273 company-operated and 319 franchise-operated Del Taco restaurants. System same-store sales increased 3.0% and total revenues and segment operating profit were $160.2 million and $12.1 million, respectively, during the quarter.

Company-Wide Results

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization increased $6.9 million compared to the prior year primarily due to the acquisition of Del Taco, contributing an additional $8.4 million of depreciation; more than offsetting lower Jack in the Box depreciation as a result of certain franchise buildings becoming fully depreciated.

Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses

The following table presents the change in SG&A expenses compared with the prior year (in thousands):

	Increase/(Decrease)
	Sixteen Weeks Ended
	January 22,<br>2023
Advertising	$	6,086
Incentive compensation (including share-based compensation and related payroll taxes)	5,381
Cash surrender value of COLI policies, net	(6,168)
Litigation matters	5,987
Other	13,827
	$	25,113

Advertising costs represent company contributions to our marketing funds and are generally determined as a percentage of company-operated restaurant sales. Advertising costs increased $6.1 million compared to the prior year primarily due to the acquisition of Del Taco which resulted in higher advertising costs of $5.8 million.

Incentive compensation increased $5.4 million compared to the prior year primarily due to a $2.9 million increase in the annual incentives mainly as a result of higher achievement levels compared to the prior year, as well as a $2.5 million increase in share-based compensation mainly from the timing of annual grants compared to the prior year.

The cash surrender value of our company-owned life insurance (“COLI”) policies, net of changes in our non-qualified deferred compensation obligation supported by these policies, are subject to market fluctuations. The changes in market values had a positive impact of $6.2 million versus the prior year.

Litigation matters increased $6.0 million primarily related to the J&D Restaurant Group litigation. Refer to Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies, of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information.

The increase in other is primarily due to the acquisition of Del Taco in the prior year which resulted in an increase of additional general and administrative costs of $12.0 million.

Other Operating Expenses, Net

Other operating expenses, net is comprised of the following (in thousands):


	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Acquisition, integration, and restructuring costs	$	1,651	$	3,013
Costs of closed restaurants and other	2,589		1,072
Accelerated depreciation	268		375
Gains on disposition of property and equipment, net	(10,009)		(617)
	$	(5,501)	$	3,843

Other operating expenses, net decreased $9.3 million compared to the prior year, primarily due to $9.5 million of gains recognized in the current year from the sale of Jack in the Box restaurant properties to franchisees who were leasing the properties from us prior to the sale.

Gains on the Sale of Company-Operated Restaurants

In fiscal 2023, the Company sold five Jack in the Box company-operated restaurants and 16 Del Taco company-operated restaurants to franchisees and recognized a net gain of $3.8 million. Refer to Note 4, Summary of Refranchisings and Franchise Acquisitions, of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding these transactions. In fiscal 2022, no company-operated restaurants were sold to franchisees. Amounts included in “Gains on the sale of company-operated restaurants” in 2022 related to additional proceeds received in connection with the extension of franchise and lease agreements form the sale of restaurants in prior years.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net is comprised of the following (in thousands):


	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Interest expense	$	26,537	$	20,273
Interest income	(389)		(86)
Interest expense, net	$	26,148	$	20,187

Interest expense, net increased $6.0 million compared to the prior year primarily due to higher average borrowings resulting in higher interest expense of $7.3 million, partially offset by lower average borrowing rates.

Income Tax Expense

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

General

Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash flows from operations and borrowings available under our securitized financing facility. Our cash requirements consist principally of working capital, general corporate needs, capital expenditures, income tax payments, debt service requirements, franchise tenant improvement allowance and incentive distributions, dividend payments, and obligations related to our benefit plans. We generally reinvest available cash flows from operations to invest in our business, service our debt obligations, pay dividends and repurchase shares of our common stock.

Our primary sources of short-term and long-term liquidity are expected to be cash flows from operations and available borrowings under our credit facilities. As of January 22, 2023, the Company had $181.6 million of cash and restricted cash on its consolidated balance sheet and available borrowings of $122.0 million under our $150.0 million Variable Funding Notes and our $75.0 million revolving credit facility. The Company continually assesses the optimal sources and uses of cash for our business. Since closing the Del Taco acquisition, we have undertaken a process to review our balance sheet for any undervalued assets, and pursue opportunities for capital sources, including the sale of our owned Jack in the Box properties, and refranchising, primarily for Del Taco in the near term.

Based upon current levels of operations and anticipated growth, we expect that cash flows from operations, combined with our securitized financing facility and revolving credit facility, will be sufficient to meet our capital expenditure, working capital and debt service requirements for at least the next twelve months and the foreseeable future.

Cash Flows

The table below summarizes our cash flows from continuing operations (in thousands):

	Sixteen Weeks Ended
	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Total cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	62,472	$	34,051
Investing activities	15,684		(6,837)
Financing activities	(32,578)		(12,316)
Net cash flows	$	45,578	$	14,898

Operating Activities. Operating cash flows increased $28.4 million compared with a year ago, primarily due to a favorable change in working capital of $22.7 million as a result of the timing of minimum rent collections, lower bonus payments and timing of media payments, partially offset by timing of minimum rent payments.

Pension and post-retirement contributions — Our policy is to fund our pension plans at or above the minimum required by law. As of January 1, 2022, the date of our last actuarial funding valuation, there was no minimum contribution funding requirement for our qualified pension plan. In 2023, we contributed $1.7 million to our non-qualified pension plan and post-retirement plans.

Investing Activities. Cash flows from investing activities increased by $22.5 million compared with a year ago, primarily due to higher proceeds from the sale of property and equipment of $19.9 million, which resulted from the sale of Jack in the Box restaurant properties to franchisees and $10.0 million received in the current year related to a prior year transaction, as well as higher proceeds from the sale of company-operated restaurants of $17.6 million, partially offset by higher purchases of property and equipment of $14.6 million.

Capital Expenditures — The composition of capital expenditures in each period follows (in thousands):

	Sixteen Weeks Ended
	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Restaurants:
Remodel / refresh programs	$	3,473	$	921
Restaurant facility expenditures	9,046		4,374
Purchases of assets intended for sale and leaseback	3,497		1,877
Restaurant information technology	5,906		968
	21,922		8,140
Corporate Services:
Information technology	1,877		52
Corporate facilities	229		1,209
	2,106		1,261
Total capital expenditures	$	24,028	$	9,401

Sale of Company-Operated Restaurants — We have continued to expand franchise ownership primarily through the sale of company-operated restaurants to franchisees. The following table details proceeds received in connection with our refranchising activities in each period (dollars in thousands):

	Sixteen Weeks Ended
	January 22,<br>2023		January 23,<br>2022
Number of Jack in the Box restaurants sold to franchisees	5		—
Number of Del Taco restaurants sold to franchisees	16		—
Total proceeds	$	17,609	$	48

In the first quarter of fiscal 2023, proceeds include $0.2 million related to prior year refranchising transactions. Proceeds in the first quarter of fiscal 2022 were received in connection with the extension of franchise and lease agreements from the sale of restaurants in prior years.

Financing Activities. Cash flows used in financing activities increased by $20.3 million compared with a year ago, primarily as a result of share repurchases of $15.0 million.

Dividends — During the first quarter of 2023, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.44 per common share totaling $9.2 million. On February 24, 2023, the Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.44 per common share, to be paid on March 28, 2023, to shareholders of record as of the close of business on March 15, 2023.

Securitized Refinancing Transaction — On February 11, 2022, the Company completed the sale of $550.0 million of its Series 2022-1 3.445% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-I (the “Class A-2-I Notes”) and $550.0 million of its Series 2022-1 4.136% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2-II (the “Class A-2-II Notes” and, together with the Class A-2-I Notes, the “2022 Notes”). Interest payments on the 2022 Notes are payable on a quarterly basis. The anticipated repayment dates of the 2022 Class A-2-I Notes and the Class A-2-II Notes will be February 2027 and February 2032, respectively, unless earlier prepaid to the extent permitted under the indenture that governs the 2022 Notes. The anticipated repayment dates of the existing 2019-1 Class A-2-II Notes and the Class A-2-III Notes are August 2026 and August 2029, respectively.

The Company also entered into a revolving financing facility of Series 2022-1 Variable Funding Senior Secured Notes (the “Variable Funding Notes”), which permits borrowings up to a maximum of $150.0 million, subject to certain borrowing conditions, a portion of which may be used to issue letters of credit. As of January 22, 2023, we had outstanding borrowings of $50.0 million and available borrowing capacity of $60.0 million under our Variable Funding Notes, net of letters of credits issued of $40.0 million.

The 2022 Notes were issued in a privately placed securitization transaction pursuant to which certain of the Company’s revenue-generating assets, consisting principally of franchise-related agreements, real estate assets, and intellectual property and license agreements for the use of intellectual property, are held by the Master Issuer and certain other limited-purpose, bankruptcy remote, wholly owned indirect subsidiaries of the Company that act as Guarantors of the Notes and that have pledged substantially all of their assets, excluding certain real estate assets and subject to certain limitations, to secure the Notes. The 2022 Notes are subject to the same covenants and restrictions as the Series 2019-1 Notes.

The quarterly principal payment on the Class A-2 Notes may be suspended when the specified leverage ratio, which is a measure of outstanding debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, adjusted for certain items (as defined in the Indenture), is less than or equal to 5.0x. Exceeding the leverage ratio of 5.0x does not violate any covenant related to the Class A-2 Notes. Subsequent to closing the issuance of the 2022 Notes, the Company has had a leverage ratio of greater than 5.0x and, accordingly, the Company resumed making the scheduled amortization payments on its 2022 Notes and Series 2019-1 Notes beginning in the second quarter of 2022.

Restricted cash — In accordance with the terms of the Indenture, certain cash accounts have been established with the Indenture trustee for the benefit of the note holders and are restricted in their use. As of January 22, 2023, the Company had restricted cash of $27.8 million, which primarily represented cash collections and cash reserves held by the trustee to be used for payments of interest and commitment fees required for the Class A-1 and A-2 Notes.

Covenants and restrictions — The Notes are subject to a series of covenants and restrictions customary for transactions of this type, including (i) that the Master Issuer maintains specified reserve accounts to be used to make required payments in respect of the Notes, (ii) provisions relating to optional and mandatory prepayments and the related payment of specified amounts, including specified make-whole payments in the case of the Class A-2 Notes under certain circumstances, (iii) certain indemnification payments in the event, among other things, the assets pledged as collateral for the Notes are in stated ways defective or ineffective and (iv) covenants relating to recordkeeping, access to information and similar matters. The Notes are also subject to customary rapid amortization events provided for in the Indenture, including events tied to failure to maintain stated debt service coverage ratios, the sum of gross sales for specified restaurants being below certain levels on certain measurement dates, certain manager termination events, an event of default, and the failure to repay or refinance the Class A-2 Notes on the applicable scheduled maturity date. The Notes are also subject to certain customary events of default, including events relating to non-payment of required interest, principal, or other amounts due on or with respect to the Notes, failure to comply with covenants within certain time frames, certain bankruptcy events, breaches of specified representations and warranties, failure of security interests to be effective, and certain judgments. As of January 22, 2023, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenant requirements and were not subject to any rapid amortization events.

Revolving credit facility — In connection with the Del Taco acquisition, Del Taco’s existing debt of $115.2 million related to a Syndicated Credit Facility dated August 5, 2015, was repaid and extinguished on the Closing Date. On the Closing Date, Del Taco entered into a new syndicated credit facility with an aggregate principal amount of up to $75.0 million, maturing on March 7, 2023. The revolving credit facility, as amended, includes a limit of $20.0 million for letters of credit. As of January 22, 2023, we had no outstanding borrowings and available borrowing capacity of $61.9 million under the facility, net of letters of credit of $13.1 million.

DISCUSSION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Critical accounting policies and estimates are those that we believe are most important for the portrayal of the Company’s financial condition and results, and that require management’s most subjective and complex judgments. Judgments and uncertainties regarding the application of these policies may result in materially different amounts being reported under various conditions or using different assumptions. There have been no material changes to the critical accounting policies and estimates previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 2, 2022.

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Refer to Note 1, Basis of Presentation, of the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

CAUTIONARY STATEMENTS REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including further impacts that COVID-19 pandemic may have on our future operations. Any statements contained herein that are not historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “forecast,” “goals,” “guidance,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “may,” “will,” “would”, “should” and similar expressions. These statements are based on management’s current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about our business and the industry in which we operate. These estimates and assumptions involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that are in some cases beyond our control. Factors that may cause our actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

•The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted and may continue to disrupt our business, which has affected and could continue to materially affect our operations, financial condition, and results of operations for an extended period of time.

•Changes in the availability of and the cost of labor could adversely affect our business.

•Changes in consumer confidence and declines in general economic conditions could negatively impact our financial results.

•Increases in food and commodity costs could decrease our profit margins or result in a modified menu, which could adversely affect our financial results.

•Failure to receive scheduled deliveries of high-quality food ingredients and other supplies could harm our operations and reputation.

•Inability to attract, train and retain top-performing personnel could adversely impact our financial results or business.

•Our business could be adversely affected by increased labor costs.

•Unionization activities or labor disputes may disrupt our operations and affect our profitability.

•Our insurance may not provide adequate levels of coverage against claims.

•We face significant competition in the food service industry and our inability to compete may adversely affect our business.

•Changes in demographic trends and in customer tastes and preferences could cause sales and the royalties we receive from franchisees to decline.

•Negative publicity relating to our business or industry could adversely impact our reputation.

•We may not have the same resources as our competitors for marketing, advertising and promotion.

•We may be adversely impacted by severe weather conditions, natural disasters, terrorist acts or civil unrest that could result in property damage, injury to employees and staff, and lost restaurant sales.

•Food safety and food-borne illness concerns may have an adverse effect on our business by reducing demand and increasing costs.

•We may not achieve our development goals.

•Our business and Del Taco’s business may not be integrated successfully, or such integration may be more difficult, time consuming, or costly than expected. Operating costs, customer loss, and business disruptions, including difficulties maintaining relationships with employees, customers, suppliers or vendors, may be greater than expected.

•Our highly franchised business model presents a number of risks, and the failure of our franchisees to operate successful and profitable restaurants could negatively impact our business.

•We are subject to financial and regulatory risks associated with our owned and leased properties and real estate development projects.

•We have a limited number of suppliers for our major products and rely on a distribution network with a limited number of distribution partners for the majority of our national distribution program. If our suppliers or distributors are unable to fulfill their obligations under their contracts, it could harm our operations.

•Increasing regulatory and legal complexity may adversely affect restaurant operations and our financial results.

•Governmental regulation may adversely affect our existing and future operations and results, including by harming our ability to profitably operate our restaurants.

•The proliferation of federal, state, and local regulations increases our compliance risks, which in turn could adversely affect our business.

•Legislation and regulations regarding our products and ingredients, including the nutritional content of our products, could impact customer preferences and negatively impact our financial results.

•We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, which could harm the value of our brand and adversely affect our business.

•We are subject to increasing legal complexity and may be subject to claims or lawsuits that are costly to defend and could result in our payment of substantial damages or settlement costs.

•If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately determine our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, the Company’s stockholders could lose confidence in our financial results, which would harm our business and the value of the Company’s common shares.

•Changes in tax laws, interpretations of existing tax law, or adverse determinations by tax authorities could adversely affect our income tax expense and income tax payments.

•We may be subject to risk associated with disagreements with key stakeholders, such as franchisees.

•Actions of activist stockholders could cause us to incur substantial costs, divert management’s attention and resources, and have an adverse effect on our business.

•We are subject to the risk of cybersecurity breaches, intrusions, data loss, or other data security incidents.

•We are subject to risks associated with our increasing dependence on digital commerce platforms and technologies to maintain and grow sales, and we cannot predict the impact that these digital commerce platforms and technologies, other new or improved technologies or alternative methods of delivery may have on consumer behavior and our financial results.

•We are dependent on information technology and digital service providers and any material failure, misuse or interruption of our computer systems, supporting infrastructure, consumer-facing digital capabilities or social media platforms could adversely affect our business.

•The securitized debt instruments issued by certain of our wholly-owned subsidiaries have restrictive terms, and any failure to comply with such terms could result in default, which could harm the value of our brand and adversely affect our business.

•We have a significant amount of debt outstanding. Such indebtedness, along with the other contractual commitments of our Company or its subsidiaries, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, as well as the ability of certain of our subsidiaries to meet debt payment obligations.

•The securitization transaction documents impose certain restrictions on our activities or the activities of our subsidiaries, and the failure to comply with such restrictions could adversely affect our business.

These and other factors are identified and described in more detail in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including, but not limited to: the “Discussion of Critical Accounting Estimates,” and other sections in this Form 10-Q and the “Risk Factors” section of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 2, 2022 (“Form 10-K”). These documents may be read free of charge on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Potential investors are urged to consider these factors, more fully described in our Form 10-K, carefully in evaluating any forward-looking statements, and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are made only as of the date issued, and we do not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

There have been no material changes in our quantitative and qualitative market risks set forth in Part II, Item 7A “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 2, 2022.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on an evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), as of the end of the Company’s quarter ended January 22, 2023, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively) have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s fiscal quarter ended January 22, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

There is no information required to be reported for any items under Part II, except as follows:

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

See Note 14, Commitments and Contingencies, of the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of our contingencies and legal matters.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

When evaluating our business and our prospects, you should consider the risks and uncertainties described under Item 1A of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 2, 2022, which we filed with the SEC on November 22, 2022, as updated in this Item 1A. You should also consider the risks and uncertainties discussed under the heading “Cautionary Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in Item 2 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should also refer to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 2, 2022, including our financial statements and the related notes. These risks and uncertainties are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial may also impair our business operations. If any of the risks or uncertainties actually occur, our business and financial results could be harmed. In that case, the market price of our common stock could decline.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Stock Repurchases — In the first quarter of 2023, we repurchased 0.2 million shares of our common stock for an aggregate cost of $15.0 million. As of January 22, 2023, this leaves $160.0 million remaining under share repurchase programs authorized by the Board of Directors that expire in November 2023.

	(a)<br>Total number of shares purchased	(b)<br>Average price paid per share		(c)<br>Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced programs	(d)<br>Maximum dollar value that may yet be purchased under these programs<br>(in thousands)
					$	175,000
October 3, 2022 - October 30, 2022	—	$	—	—	$	175,000
October 31, 2022 - November 27, 2022	—	$	—	—	$	175,000
November 28, 2022 - December 25, 2022	220,650	$	67.98	220,650	$	160,000
December 26, 2023 - January 22, 2023	—	$	—	—	$	160,000
Total	220,650			220,650

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS OF SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 5.03. None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Number	Description	Form	Filed with SEC
10.2.28*	Tim Mullany Separation and Release Agreement, dated February 2, 2023	10-Q	Filed herewith
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	—	Filed herewith
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	—	Filed herewith
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	—	Filed herewith
32.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	—	Filed herewith
101.INS	iXBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File formatted in iXBRL

*Management contract or compensatory plan

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

JACK IN THE BOX INC.
By:	/S/ DAWN HOOPER
	Dawn Hooper
	Senior Vice President, Controller (principal financial officer)<br>(Duly Authorized Signatory)

Date: March 1, 2023

Document

Exhibit 10.2.28

SEPARATION AND RELEASE AGREEMENT

For EXECUTIVE OFFICERS

This Separation and Release Agreement (the “Agreement”) is made and entered into between Tim Mullany (the ”Employee”), whose address is [ ], and Jack in the Box Inc. (the “Company”). This Agreement sets forth and confirms the terms and conditions of a mutually agreed upon Separation Package and Release of Claims between the Company and Employee.

Employee understands that his/her employment with the Company and/or any past or present subsidiary, affiliate, predecessor, or successors will end on February 2, 2023 (the “Separation Date”). On the Separation Date and thereafter, Employee will have no authority to act on behalf of the Company or any affiliated entity in any capacity. Unless otherwise agreed upon herein, Employee will receive all salary and vested benefits up to and including the Separation Date.

This Agreement shall be deemed effective and enforceable as of 1) the expiration of any Revocation Period provided herein; or 2) if no Revocation Period is provided, the date this Agreement is executed by the Employee (the “Effective Date”).

Company Offer. Although the Company has no obligation to do so, if Employee (i) fulfills the Requirements to Accept Offer; and (ii) complies with all of his/her legal and contractual obligations to the Company, then the Company will provide Employee with the following severance benefits (the “Severance Benefits”):

(1)Severance Payment. The Company will pay Employee, as severance, a total amount of $549,985 (Five hundred Forty-Nine Thousand Nine Hundred Eighty-Five dollars) (less required tax withholdings and any other offsets for money Employee owes the Company), which represents the Lump Sum Severance Payment and COBRA Payment pursuant to Section 3(a) and 3(c) of the Company’s Severance Plan for Executive Officers (“Separation Payment”). This Separation Payment is in addition to wages or other amounts earned as of the Termination date, and Employee is entitled to those amounts regardless of whether or not Employee signs this Agreement.

(2)Annual Incentive Payment. If Employee is not eligible to receive an annual incentive payment under the terms of the Company’s Performance Incentive Program (because Employee is not retirement eligible under that program), Employee will remain eligible to receive a prorated lump sum cash payment under the Company’s Performance Incentive Program as described in Section 3(b) of the Company’s Severance Plan for Executive Officers (the “Prorated Annual Incentive Payment”). Employee acknowledges and understands that no Prorated Annual Incentive Payment is guaranteed and will be calculated and determined by the Company based on fiscal year performance achievement against the applicable performance goals and methodology set forth in the Performance Incentive Payment. The Prorated Annual Incentive Payment, if any, will be made after the end of the fiscal year in which Employee's termination occurs.

(3)Outplacement Support. The Company will provide Employee up to 12 months of outplacement support through a provider selected and paid for by the Company.

Employee acknowledges that the Separation Benefits set forth in this Agreement are amounts and benefits to which Employee would not be entitled to except for his/her decision to sign and abide by the terms of this Agreement. Employee represents and warrants that the Company has paid to Employee all wages, accrued but unused vacation pay and other employee benefits of any kind due to her by the Company as a result of his/her employment with and separation from the Company, other than the Separation Benefits set forth herein.

Requirements to Accept Offer. In order to receive any of the Severance Benefits, the Requirements to Accept Offer described below must be fulfilled by the Employee. If the Requirements to Accept Offer are not fulfilled, the Company Offer automatically terminates. The Severance Benefits are in addition to wages due to Employee for work performed and will be paid to Employee as consideration for Employee's settlement, release and discharge of any and all known or unknown claims as described below.

In order to accept the Company’s Offer, Employee must:

(a) sign this Agreement and return it to the Company by January 2, 2023, by one of the following methods:

(1)hand-delivering the Agreement to Steve Piano, SVP Chief People Officer, 9357 Spectrum Center Blvd, San Diego, CA 92123; or

(ii) mailing or sending the Agreement by overnight service such as Federal Express such that it is received no later than January 2, 2023, to:

Steve Piano

SVP Chief People Officer

9357 Spectrum Center Blvd

San Diego, CA 92123

(iii) Faxing the Agreement to Steve Piano at 858-522-4501; or

(iv) Sending the Agreement via Electronic Mail (email) to Steve Piano, [ ]

(b) not revoke this Agreement during the seven (7) day Revocation Period.

(c) return to the Company on or before February 2, 2023, all property of the Company which Employee has in his/her custody or control, such as office equipment, computers, forms, manuals, spreadsheets, vendor files, franchise files, personnel files, or other confidential and/or proprietary material of the Company, whether in hard copy or electronic form. Employee agrees and acknowledges that such property belongs solely to the Company and he/she will not take any such property or copies of such property at the time he/she leaves the Company’s employment. Employee further agrees to maintain all information regarding the Company’s internal policies and procedures as strictly confidential and shall not disclose them to third parties.

Time When Payment Will Be Made. If Employee fulfills the Requirements to Accept Offer described above, the Separation Payment will be issued through a one-time, lump-sum payment (via direct deposit or a mailed check, according to Employee’s previously designated preferences) within ten (10) days after the Effective Date, or the Separation Date, whichever is later.

Release of Known and Unknown Claims. By signing and returning this Agreement to the Company, Employee understands and agrees that he/she is hereby generally and completely settling, releasing and discharging any and all claims of every type, known or unknown, which he/she has or may have against the Company, its board members, shareholders, directors, officers, past and current employees and/or representatives (collectively the “Releasees”), whether known or unknown, that arise out of or are in any way related to events, acts, conduct, or omissions of the Releasees occurring prior to or on the date Employee signs this Agreement. This is a general release of all claims and includes, without limitation, all claims related to my employment with the Company or the cessation of that employment, and all claims

arising under any Federal, State, or local laws or regulations pertaining to employment, including, but not limited to claims under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, the Civil Rights Act of 1991, the Fair Labor Standards Act, Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Sections 503 and 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as amended, the California Government Code, the California Fair Employment and Housing Act, California Pregnancy Disability Law, the California Family Rights Act, the California Labor Code, including but not limited to California Labor Code section 132a, any amendments to any of these statutes, and any other federal, state, or local statute, ordinance, regulation, or common law, regardless of whether such claim be based on an action filed by me or by a governmental agency.

Employee understands and acknowledges that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Civil Rights Act of 1991, the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, the Fair Labor Standards Act, Sections 503 and 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as amended, the California Fair Employment and Housing Act, the California Family Rights Act, the California Labor Code, as well as any amendments to any of these statues, and common law, provide the right to an individual to bring charges, claims, or complaints against their employer or their former employer if the individual believes they have been discriminated against or harassed, including but not limited to, discrimination or harassment on the basis of pregnancy, race, ancestry, color, religion, sex, marital status, national origin, age, physical or mental disability, or medical condition. With full understanding of the rights afforded me under these laws, and to the fullest extent permitted by law, agree not to file against Releasees any charges, complaints against Releasees for any alleged violation(s) of any of these acts, statutes, regulations, or the common law regarding events that have occurred in connection with my employment with the Company.

Waiver of Notice Requirements under State and Federal WARN Act. By signing and returning this Agreement to the Company and in further consideration of receipt of my Separation Package, I agree and understand that I am waiving my right to bring any and all claims which I have or may have relating to the minimum advanced notice requirements as set forth under the Federal or State WARN Act. I also understand and agree that I am waiving my right to receive pay in lieu of notice under the WARN Act.

Waiver of California Civil Code Section 1542 related to Unknown Claims. This section shall be governed by California law. Employee understand that he/she may have claims of which he/she may be unaware or unsuspecting which heshe is giving up by signing this Agreement. Employee also expressly waives all rights he/she might have under Section 1542 of the Civil Code of California which reads as follows:

A general release does not extend to claims that the creditor or releasing party does not know or suspect to exist in his or her favor at the time of executing the release and that, if known by him or her, would have materially affected his or her settlement with the debtor or released party.

Thus, notwithstanding the provision of Section 1542, and for the purpose of a full and complete release and discharge of all claims, Employee expressly waives any and all rights and benefits against the Company conferred upon him/her by California Civil Code section 1542 and/or any similar and applicable state or federal code/regulation and acknowledges that this Agreement includes in its effect, without limitation, a waiver of all claims that Employee does not know or suspect to exist in his/her favor at the time of execution hereof, and that this Agreement contemplates the extinguishment of any all such claims.

Waiver of Age Discrimination Claims. I received this Agreement on December 12, 2022 and have been given a twenty-one (21) day waiting period to consider whether to sign it. I understand that even if I sign and return this Agreement, I can still revoke this Agreement within seven (7) days after it is executed by me and returned to the Company (the “Revocation Period”).

I understand and agree that I:

1. Have carefully read and fully understand all of the provisions of this Agreement;

2. Am, through this Agreement, releasing the Company from any and all claims I may have against it to date under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (29 U.S.C. § 621, et seq.);

3. Knowingly and voluntarily agree to all of the terms set forth in this Agreement;

4. Knowingly and voluntarily intend to be legally bound by the same;

5. Was advised and hereby am advised in writing to consider the terms of this Agreement and consult with an attorney of my choice prior to executing this Agreement; and,

6. Understand that rights or claims under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (29 U.S.C. §621, et seq.) that may arise after the date this Agreement is executed are not waived.

Claims Not Affected. This is a general release of all claims, and excludes only (i) any rights or claims for indemnification Employee may have pursuant to any written indemnification agreement with the Company to which he/she is a party or under applicable law; (ii) any claims which Employee may have by reason of any Social Security, Worker’s Compensation, or Unemployment laws, or any benefits earned during Employee’s employment with the Company which may be payable now or in the future under any of the Benefit and/or Welfare Programs of the Company; (iii) any other rights which are not waivable as a matter of law; and (iii) any claims for breach of this Agreement.

Right to Consult With Attorney. Employee has been and hereby is: (i) advised in writing of his/her right to consult with an attorney, and (ii) given twenty-one (21) days to thoroughly review and discuss all aspects of this Agreement with Employee’s attorney before signing this Agreement and Employee has thoroughly discussed, or in the alternative has freely elected to waive any further opportunity to discuss, this Agreement with his/her attorney.

Agreement Knowingly and Voluntarily Executed. Employee represents and warrants that he/she freely and voluntarily entered into this Agreement on their own behalf, in the exercise of their own free act, deed and will, and without any duress or coercion. Employee understands that in executing this Agreement, it becomes final and conclusive.

Confidentiality. Employee agree that the terms and conditions of this Release shall remain confidential as between him/her and the Company and shall not be disclosed to any other person except as provided by law or to his/her attorney, spouse or significant other, accountant and/or financial advisor. Employee also agrees that during his/her employment they may have had access to confidential information and trade secrets concerning products, business plans, marketing strategies and other Company information and that Employee shall keep these matters completely confidential. Employee understands that nothing in this Agreement prohibits them from disclosing facts or information that he/she has the right to disclose under state or federal law, including any facts relating to a claim for sexual harassment or discrimination based on sex.

Continuing Obligations; Non-Disparagement. Notwithstanding any terms in this Agreement to the contrary, Employee acknowledges that he/she remains bound by any previous Confidentiality and Restrictive Covenant Agreement between Employee and the Company and agrees to abide by those continuing obligations. Employee also agrees not to disparage the Company, its officers, directors,

employees, shareholders, and/or agents, in any manner likely to be harmful to its or their business, business reputation, or personal reputation; provided that he/she may respond accurately and fully to any question, inquiry, or request for information when required by legal process. Furthermore, nothing in this agreement is meant to prohibit the discussion or disclosure of information about unlawful acts in the workplace, such as harassment or discrimination or any other conduct that is reasonably believed to be unlawful. Employee agrees that any and all inquiries from prospective employers or from any person or entity inquiring for employment or business related purposes concerning the circumstances surrounding his/her employment with and/or separation from the Company should be directed to the Company’s VP of Employee Relations & Talent and that the Company is authorized to provide the position Employee held with the company, his/her dates of employment and that it is the Company’s policy to only disclose the position held by the subject employee and the dates of their employment. If authorized by the Employee, the Company will also confirm/disclose the salary received by Employee at the time of his/her separation.

Notice of Rights Pursuant to Section 7 of the Defend Trade Secrets Act (DTSA). Notwithstanding any provisions in this agreement or the Company’s policy applicable to the unauthorized use or disclosure of trade secrets, Employee is hereby notified that, pursuant to Section 7 of the DTSA, Employee cannot be held criminally or civilly liable under any Federal or State trade secret law for the disclosure of a trade secret that is made (i) in confidence to a Federal, State, or local government official, either directly or indirectly, or to an attorney; and (ii) solely for the purpose of reporting or investigating a suspected violation of law. Employee also may not be held so liable for such disclosures made in a complaint or other document filed in a lawsuit or other proceeding, if such filing is made under seal. In addition, individuals who file a lawsuit for retaliation by an employer for reporting a suspected violation of law may disclose the trade secret to the attorney of the individual and use the trade secret information in the court proceeding, if the individual files any document containing the trade secret under seal and does not disclose the trade secret, except pursuant to court order.

Reporting to Governmental Agencies. Nothing in this Agreement prevents Employee from filing a charge or complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, the National Labor Relations Board, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other federal, state, or local governmental agency or commission (“Government Agencies”). Employee understands this Agreement does not limit his/her ability to communicate with any Government Agencies or otherwise participate in any investigation or proceeding that may be conducted by any Government Agency, including providing documents or other information, without notice to the Company.

No Admission of Wrongdoing by the Company. The Company expressly denies any violation of any federal, state, or local law. Accordingly, while this Agreement resolves all issues referred to in this Agreement, it is not, and shall not be construed as, an admission by the Company of any violation of any federal, state, or local law, or of any liability whatsoever or any admission by the Company that Employee has any valid claims against the Company.

No Unreported Claims. Employee warrants and represents that he/she is not aware of any claims or proceedings, or threat of claims against the Company or acts or omissions that might lead to a claim against the Company that Employee has not already reported to the Company.

Cooperation. Employee agrees to consult with the Company regarding on-going matters that commenced during Employee’s employment with the Company and to cooperate with the Company in connection with disputes between the Company and any third parties. This cooperation may include, but is not limited to, conferring with and assisting the Company in preparatory work in litigation matters, providing factual information to the Company, and giving deposition and testimony in judicial and administrative proceedings. Employee agrees that he/she will not be compensated by the Company for

her cooperation, except that the Company will reimburse Employee for his/her reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection therewith, provided that such expenses are approved in advance by the Company.

Injunctive Relief and Other Remedies. Employee understands and agrees that the harm to the Company from any breach of Employee’s obligations under Paragraph 4, 8, and 9 of this Agreement are difficult, if not impossible, to quantify and may be wholly or partially irreparable. Thus, the Company may enforce such obligations by seeking an injunction as well as by damages and other appropriate relief. Additionally, any breach on the part of Employee, with respect to any provision herein, will excuse the Company from any future performance under this Agreement.

General Provisions. This Agreement constitutes the complete, final and exclusive embodiment of the entire agreement between Employee and the Company with regard to its subject matter. It is entered into without reliance on any promise or representation, written or oral, other than those expressly contained herein, and unless otherwise noted it supersedes any other such promises, warranties, or representations. This Agreement may not be modified or amended except in a writing signed by both Employee and a duly authorized officer of the Company. This Agreement will bind the heirs, personal representatives, successors and assigns of both Employee and the Company, and inure to the benefit of both Employee and the Company, their heirs, successors, and assigns. Employee may not assign any of his/her duties under this Agreement. If any provision of this Agreement is held to be contrary to applicable law, it shall be modified or disregarded as necessary, and the remainder of the Agreement will remain in full force and effect. This Agreement will be deemed to have been entered into and will be construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of California without regard to conflict of laws principles. Any ambiguity in this Agreement shall not be construed against either party as the drafter. Any waiver of a breach of this Agreement shall be in writing and shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any successive breach. A facsimile, copy or electronic mail (scanned PDF) of this Agreement shall be deemed an original. Electronic signatures are valid as an original signature.

EMPLOYEE SHOULD READ THIS AGREEMENT CAREFULLY AS IT INCLUDES A RELEASE OF ALL CLAIMS KNOWN AND UNKNOWN. EMPLOYEE IS FURTHER ADVISED TO SEEK LEGAL COUNSEL BEFORE SIGNING THIS AGREEMENT.

Date: January 9, 2023 Jack in the Box Inc.

By:	/S/ Steve Piano
Name:	Steve Piano
Title:	SVP Chief People Officer

I have read and understand all of the provisions of this Agreement and I voluntarily enter into this Agreement by signing it on January 2, 2023.

By:	/S/ Tim Mullany
Name:	Tim Mullany

Document

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Darin Harris, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Jack in the Box Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Dated:	March 1, 2023	/S/ DARIN HARRIS
		Darin Harris
		Chief Executive Officer

Document

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Dawn Hooper, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Jack in the Box Inc.;

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Dated:	March 1, 2023	/S/ DAWN HOOPER
		Dawn Hooper
		Senior Vice President, Controller

Document

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, Darin Harris, Chief Executive Officer of Jack in the Box Inc. (the “Registrant”), do hereby certify in accordance with 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)the quarterly report on Form 10-Q of the Registrant, to which this certification is attached as an exhibit (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m); and

(2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

Dated:	March 1, 2023	/S/ DARIN HARRIS
		Darin Harris
		Chief Executive Officer

Document

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, Dawn Hooper, Senior Vice President, Controller of Jack in the Box Inc. (the “Registrant”), do hereby certify in accordance with 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(2)the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Registrant.

Dated:	March 1, 2023	/S/ DAWN HOOPER
		Dawn Hooper
		Senior Vice President, Controller

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended January 22, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

for the transition period from ________to________.

Commission File Number: 1-9390

JACK IN THE BOX INC.

9357 Spectrum Center Blvd.

San Diego, California 92123

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (858) 571-2121

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registeredCommon StockJACKNASDAQ Global Select Market

Yes þ No ¨

Yes þ No ¨

Yes ☐ No þ

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

INDEX

ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

2.REVENUE

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

3.BUSINESS COMBINATION

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

4.SUMMARY OF REFRANCHISINGS AND FRANCHISE ACQUISITIONS

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

5.GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

6.LEASES

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

7.FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

8.OTHER OPERATING (INCOME) EXPENSES, NET

9.SEGMENT REPORTING

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

10.INCOME TAXES

11.RETIREMENT PLANS

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

12.STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

13.AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING

14.COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

JACK IN THE BOX INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

17.SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

GENERAL

OVERVIEW

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Company Restaurant Operations

Jack in the Box Franchise Operations

for the transition period from to.