KULR Technology Group, Inc. Q4 FY2025 Earnings Call

Welcome, everyone, to the KULR Technology Group Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2025 Earnings Call. I'm your host today, Stuart Smith. In just a moment, I'm going to be joined by the Chief Executive Officer for the company, Michael Mo, as well as the Chief Financial Officer for the company, Shawn Canter. Both of those officers will be giving their opening remarks, and that will be followed by a question-and-answer section with management. And again, we want to thank you for those questions. Now before I begin, I would like you to listen to the following safe harbor statement. This call contains certain forward-looking statements based on KULR Technology Group's current expectations, intentions and assumptions that involve risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements made on this call are based on the information available to the company as of the date hereof. The company's actual results may differ materially from those stated or implied in such forward-looking statements due to risks and uncertainties associated with their business, which include the risk factors disclosed in KULR Technology Group's Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2026, as may be amended or supplemented by other reports the company files with the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time. Forward-looking statements include statements regarding the company's expectations, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future and can be identified by forward-looking words such as anticipate, believe, could, estimate, expect, intend, may, should and would or similar words. All such forward-looking statements that are provided by management on this call are based on the information available at this time, and management expects that internal expectations may change over time. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Except as otherwise required by applicable law, the company assumes no obligation to update the information included on this call, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Now with that, I'm going to turn the call over to Michael Mo, Chief Executive Officer of KULR Technology Group. Michael, the call is yours.

Thank you, Stuart. Good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining. 2025 was a difficult year for our shareholders and for our company. Share price declined significantly, and we recorded a net loss of approximately $62 million. The majority of this loss was driven by one-time and noncash items, but it was still a loss. Our investors, shareholders, internal team members and I all felt the effects of this loss. We recognize the impact this has had, not just on our investors and shareholders, but also on our employees and partners who are deeply invested in our success. I feel that way alongside all of you. I want to acknowledge this directly. Equally as important, I want to separate what affected performance in 2025 from what matters most to the business going forward. In 2025, KULR continued to grow and invest in its core business, the KULR ONE battery platform for energy storage systems. Adversity brings clarity. It sharpens our focus, reinforces our discipline and reminds us exactly what must be done. We're taking these lessons forward with urgency and intent. Our foundation is strong, our direction is clear, and we are committed to executing with precision and accountability in 2026. What I want to do today is go through what we built in 2025, what we believe is the right foundation and what realistic 2026 growth execution looks like. KULR designs and builds advanced battery systems for autonomous platforms, digital infrastructure, electric transportation and space exploration. KULR ONE is our battery platform. Our progress in 2026 will be judged by core battery revenue growth and improvements in gross margin as volume and automation increase. The mission for 2026 is clear: eliminate distractions and execute with discipline. Our singular focus is to build and sell more KULR ONE batteries. That's the work, and we will do it relentlessly. I would now like to walk you through some of the 2025 financial reportings and the situation surrounding them. Shawn Canter will provide a full financial summary during his portion of the call. Under GAAP accounting, KULR recognized an unrealized mark-to-market adjustment of $13.8 million on its Bitcoin holdings for 2025. The adjustment reflects the change in Bitcoin price at the end of 2025. While this is an expense, it's not a cash expense. We have maintained our Bitcoin treasury of approximately 1,082 Bitcoins without selling any coins. We invested in and formed a distribution relationship with a private exoskeleton company. In late 2025, that company filed for insolvency. We took the full write-off of approximately $6.9 million. Clearly, this investment did not work out. The investment and the distribution relationship with this entity have been ended and the full account is in the 10-K. The lesson is clear. We must be disciplined in how we allocate capital and resources, prioritizing the growth of our core battery platform and focusing on opportunities where we have greater operational control, strong commercial visibility and direct alignment with our strategic priorities. Battery platform revenue, which is product sales plus contract services, was $7.3 million in 2025. That's the commercial baseline we're scaling from in 2026. Revenue was $16.1 million, up 51%. Most of that growth came from Bitcoin mining and battery research grant dollars. The number that matters most to us in 2026 is the battery platform revenue. That's the business we're building KULR ONE around, and that's where we need to demonstrate growth. $7.6 million is where we start. I would also like to address the product sales gross margin of 1% in 2025. KULR ONE gross margin at current production volume reflects the economics of an early-stage manufacturing ramp. Three factors are driving the current cost structure. First, material pricing at current volume is high. Second, the fixed facility costs are spread across a production base that has not yet reached high throughput. Third, each new customer program carries engineering and design costs that are concentrated in early production runs before volume scales. As programs mature and volume increases, those program level costs will be absorbed across a larger number of units. All three of these factors compressed margin at the start of a production ramp. They will improve as volume grows. To address these, three actions are already in motion. First, programs that began as early prototypes are transitioning to production. Many KULR ONE Air drone battery programs are moving along that curve. Each program that crosses from prototype to volume production shifts from a cost center to a margin contributor. Second, we're installing an automated production line in the second half of 2026. Automation reduces per-unit labor cost and improves yield consistency at scale, both of which will directly impact gross margin. Third, the KULR ONE platform itself is maturing. As more programs are built on the same modular architecture, engineering and design work required to onboard new customers decreases. That ratio continues to improve as the platform accumulates application experiences across defense, aviation, telecom and data center use cases. In summary, we do not view the 2025 margin profile as the end state of the business. We view it as the current economics of low-volume production before programs mature, automation is in place and production volume grows. What we built in 2025 is the foundation for our growth in 2026. Our headquarters facility is a vertically integrated battery production center from design, prototyping, cell screening, qualification testing to volume production. We're working with domestic battery cell suppliers to strengthen our NDAA-compliant supply chain and our customer base has grown across six diverse industries. We have an experienced and dedicated team, solid financial resources and a broad customer base to grow our business. We have learned the difficult and valuable lessons. We're now focused on execution: ship more batteries. You may ask the question, why now? Why 2026 is the year for change? High-growth markets that KULR serves — autonomous platforms, direct energy systems, digital infrastructure — they all share a common technical constraint: power density. The demand for high-power battery packs has emerged, and that's the biggest growth driver for us. The requirement is not simply to store more energy, but to deliver at high C-rates beyond standard batteries. Oftentimes, this must be done in challenging environments that include extreme temperatures, high G-forces, vacuum conditions and underwater pressure without thermal failure. That's not a commercially available battery problem. That's a specialized battery problem. It requires a battery architecture specifically designed for high-power and thermal stress operation. Simply put, these customers often cannot rely on off-the-shelf battery packs. They need high performance, safety and reliability, all in one package that can deliver quickly at commercial prices. KULR ONE is built to that specification. It starts with building the right architecture and then selecting the right battery cell partners. KULR ONE is a modular and customizable architecture to meet customer needs across multiple end markets. We currently have over 30 active customer development programs in KULR ONE Air, KULR ONE Space, Guardian and Triton, which is our new maritime platform. Those programs are at different stages from evaluation to development through more advanced commercialization work. They represent a broad pipeline of revenue growth for KULR ONE as we move these customers from design into production revenue in 2026 and beyond. KULR's cell partnerships reflect the same focus. We have worked with both Amprius and Molicel for a long time. They focus on high-power and high-energy-density batteries. Those partnerships are a deliberate long-term strategy to maintain access to the most capable battery cell technology available as power density requirements in KULR's markets continue to advance. The combination of the KULR ONE system architecture and advanced power cells from our partners gives our platform a development roadmap that extends well beyond the current production configurations. Next, I'll give you an update on our KULR ONE Air. KULR ONE Air, which was launched last year to support the drone industry, is now expanded beyond just air-based autonomous systems. Just in the KULR ONE Air category, we have over 20 active engagements to develop specialized battery systems for many high-profile unmanned systems companies that operate in the air, ground and maritime markets. The intensive work accomplished in 2025 to ramp our engagement with these demanding customers will start to become apparent in 2026 as their programs and systems evolve from development to deployment. Let me share with you why KULR ONE Air is the right platform for this market. Autonomous systems like drones and robots operate by executing rapid and high-intensity physical action. Their motors accelerate for takeoff. Gimbals stabilize under heavy load. Sensors are firing at the same time and their control systems respond in milliseconds. Each of these actions demands a large amount of current and power delivered instantaneously. Energy batteries, the kind optimized for energy density and releasing it gradually over a long period of time, cannot respond fast enough and sustain the discharge rates these actions require without overheating or collapsing the voltage. A power battery is designed around the opposite priority. It's built to deliver power at five to twenty times faster than energy batteries. It also needs to sustain that output through repeated high-demand cycles, and it needs to manage the heat generated by the power without failure. For autonomous systems where the motor, the sensors and the computers are all cranking at peak current at the same time, only a power-optimized architecture can keep up. The engineering challenge of a power battery is not simply to build a bigger or stronger version of an energy battery where heat and thermal stress are manageable. For power batteries, heat dissipation becomes the primary engineering constraint. The design needs to be lightweight enough for the platform to fly and of high component and manufacturing quality to sustain the performance. For example, a single defect in welding or soldering joints will result in a resistance point that at high discharge rates generates enough localized heat to drive the entire pack into thermal runaway. KULR ONE addresses each one of these constraints through a combination of engineering expertise, proprietary technology, thermal control, component integrity and build precision. That's what separates KULR ONE batteries that perform in the field from ones that fail under operational load. Our current engagements span agriculture, survey, law enforcement, defense drone programs and surface and subsea maritime vehicles. The breadth of the applications reflects the platform's configurability. It's the same KULR ONE architecture adapted to the specific power, weight and certification requirements for each platform. KULR has shipped thousands of these drone battery packs to date. We're engaged with two of the leading unmanned aerial systems companies in the United States with a combined production volume target to approach 10,000 packs per month in the second half of 2026. These are active engineering partnerships with production timelines, pack configuration and qualification schedules already in place. Another important point I'd like to make is about supply chain resilience, namely NDAA compliance that stands for the National Defense Authorization Act. NDAA compliance is a procurement requirement for government and defense-adjacent customers. KULR entered a joint development collaboration with Hylio to design, prototype, qualify and manufacture NDAA-compliant battery systems in Texas. Hylio is a Texas-based designer and manufacturer of drones for agriculture and public sector programs where NDAA compliance becomes important. Both the batteries and the drones are made in the United States. Next, I'll give an update on our other KULR ONE programs. KULR ONE Space and KULR ONE Guardian are the two programs that set the performance standards for the entire KULR ONE portfolio, both operating in environments where battery failure is not recoverable: human spaceflight, deep space missions and active military operations. The engineering standards that we develop for these programs are what the rest of the KULR ONE platform is built on. Every performance requirement met in the spacecraft or combat system—propagation resistance, thermal stability under extreme conditions, certification under scrutiny—raises the engineering baseline that KULR ONE Air, Max and Triton inherit. Customers in defense drones, electric aviation and AI data center programs are buying into this architecture that has already been qualified in the most demanding operating environments. KULR continues to see adoption across the space sector. The XLT and the Reach series batteries are in active use across multiple satellites in both LEO and GEO applications. The Reach series currently is in multiple unit deployment on four partner satellites. Next, I'll talk about what are the competitive advantages of the KULR ONE platform. The number one competitive advantage for the KULR ONE platform is the performance, safety and quality standards the platform was built to. KULR ONE's core IP originated from work we've done with NASA Johnson Space Center. The architecture was designed for human-rated spaceflight applications, environments where battery failure is not a recoverable event. That heritage is the engineering foundation that makes KULR ONE the correct choice for applications where performance and safety are both nonnegotiable. A perfect example of that advantage is our partnership with Robinson Helicopter. Robinson Helicopter Company has manufactured more civil helicopters than any other company in the world in its 50-year history. They have manufactured more than 14,000 helicopters. The procurement standards for safety-critical systems are established and rigorous. They valued KULR ONE and selected us to be their next electric aviation platform. That decision is important because it further validates the engineering standards KULR ONE was built to. Under this co-development agreement, KULR will design and integrate a lightweight, high-performance battery architecture for the eR66 battery-electric helicopter demonstrator. We're building a dual-life architecture, which means that each pack is engineered from day one for two years: first for the primary flight cycle and second for a certified second-life energy storage application. This model creates two revenue streams for KULR. The primary use cases are rapid organ and tissue transport, emergency response and short-haul operations where zero emission performance and low acoustic signature are operational requirements. Second-life energy storage is for industrial and digital infrastructure applications. Execution speed is another KULR ONE advantage. Not speed as a marketing claim, but speed as a demonstrated and repeatable engineering capability. In November 2025, we received a purchase order for a 400-volt battery system to power a Counter-UAS direct energy platform. Five weeks later, we delivered a complete design package and prototype. Achieving that timeline was made possible because of the deliberate engineering foundation we built in 2025, including model-based electrical and thermal simulation, proprietary cell selection, design-for-safety architecture and in-house integration running electrical, mechanical and firmware development all in parallel. This system is scheduled to enter production in 2026. Next, I'll provide an update on the KULR ONE platform for digital infrastructure and AI data center applications. Our digital infrastructure strategy addresses two distinct but related segments, telecom network backup and AI data center power. Both require battery systems that must perform reliably, but in different operating environments. Telecom sites face grid instability across diverse geography, while AI racks increasingly require battery integration closer to the compute equipment itself rather than rely on centralized UPS systems. Telecom operators depend on battery backup as a primary protection against grid interruptions. 5G infrastructure laws are raising the performance and uptime requirements for those systems beyond what legacy lead-acid installations can meet. In January 2026, KULR was awarded a five-year preferred battery supply agreement from Caban Energy, a Miami-based company that delivers energy as a service to telecommunication operators across 12 countries. As part of that transaction, KULR has taken full control of the battery manufacturing equipment and process, and we've commenced production. Production battery packs were delivered to Caban in Q1 of 2026. We plan to consolidate full operation into our Texas facility in Q2 to improve efficiency, reduce overhead and centralize operations as we grow. We now have the supply chain set up for the 48-volt, 100 amp-hour battery production and the focus is to deliver batteries to meet growing Caban demands. Beyond that agreement, we're in active engagements with telecom operators and service providers directly with our KULR ONE Battery-as-a-Service offering. These are separate from the Caban channel and represent KULR's effort to build direct recurring revenue relationships in the telecom segment. Data centers have traditionally handled battery backup the same way with large power systems installed in a dedicated room, separate from the computing equipment they protect. That model is changing. As AI workloads grow and hardware running them becomes more power intensive, the industry is moving towards battery backup installed directly inside the computing rack. The battery is no longer just a facility utility. It's become part of the compute infrastructure itself. That shift creates a different set of requirements. A battery that operates inside the rack next to the processor it protects needs to meet much higher safety standards and handle higher voltages and respond much faster than conventional backup systems. At the end of last year, KULR joined the Open Compute Project as a Platinum member. OCP is an industry body whose specifications define how hyperscalers and large cloud operators build their infrastructure. Platinum membership places KULR in the working groups writing the next generation of power standards and positions us inside the relevant technical working groups to help us build a product in line with where the market is going. In the same month, KULR created a joint development collaboration with a leading global battery cell manufacturer to develop the KULR ONE MAX BBU for AI-scale data centers. KULR leads the system design, safety engineering and certification, while the cell partner supplies the battery cell platform for the life of the commercial program upon certification. The opportunity is significant, and it depends on certification, qualification and customer adoption timelines. The same trends that are driving record-level battery demand in large data centers are also driving demand at the edge. AI inference, the process of running AI models to generate responses, is moving out of the central data centers into the network itself closer to the end user. That means that the computer hardware and the battery backup protecting it must operate in telecom facilities, cell towers and distributed network nodes. The environmental and reliability requirements at these locations are more demanding. This is where the AI data center opportunity and the telecom opportunities converge. The battery requirements are related, the customer bases overlap and KULR ONE is the same architecture to serve both. Next, Shawn Canter will discuss financial highlights. Shawn?

Thanks, Mike. 2025 was an important year for KULR. As Mike mentioned, it marked a transition to a scalable product-focused model. Let me touch on a few points from 2025 before we get to the Q&A. KULR generated over $16 million in revenue in 2025. This is a 51% increase over the prior year. As we have previously discussed around our focus on product, our product revenue increased and our service revenue declined. Product revenue was up 39%, while service was down 50%. Again, while we expect to have some service business, we anticipate continued growth to come from the product side of the business as we scale into the large end markets Mike discussed earlier. Product revenue came from 47 customers in 2025. Revenue per customer was approximately $108,000 or 56% higher than 2024. Services revenue came from 34 customers, the same as 2024. Services revenue per customer in 2025 was approximately $65,000 or 50% lower than 2024. Mike touched on gross margins earlier. We have set out in detail information about gross margin, R&D and SG&A in the Form 10-K filed today. KULR recorded an approximately $62 million net loss for the year. There is an aggregate of approximately $33 million of noncash expenses on the income statement that contribute to the net loss. These represent almost 55% of it. As Mike mentioned, the largest of these is an approximately $14 million mark-to-market expense due to the decline in the price of Bitcoin. As a reminder, in the second and third quarters, Bitcoin's ascending price contributed a noncash gain to those quarter's results. Now let's get to the Q&A. Back to you, Stuart.

All right. Thank you very much for that, Shawn. And as mentioned, that now takes us into the question-and-answer portion for our call today. And here's the first question. Can management speak to which markets are seeing the most momentum today and where early customer interest is starting to turn into repeat business and meaningful revenue?

Yes, Stuart, I'll take that one. I would say the KULR ONE Air for the autonomous platforms are the clearest near-term production momentum. It has expanded beyond the airborne drones to surface and subsea maritime applications as well as land applications. We now have over 20 active customer development agreements or programs across our KULR ONE Air platform. Thousands of battery packs have already been shipped and two of the leading drone companies in the U.S. have active production timelines with us, pack configurations and qualification schedules in place, and we're looking at over 10,000 battery packs per month later in 2026. I would say that market has the highest momentum these days.

Thank you for that, Michael. Here's the next question. Could you give an update on where KULR is positioned in the AI data center backup power market? And what investors should be watching for to know whether this can become a meaningful source of growth?

Yes. We started developing our AI data center BBU product in 2025. At the end of 2025, we joined the OCP platform membership which positions us inside the working group that writes the next generation of the power standard for these hyperscaler infrastructures. So now we're building products to meet where the market is heading for the next cycle of growth. 2026 is the year that we really need to work with our BBU cell providers on the UL 9540 certification and work with the hyperscaler customers on integration work. I would say that 2027 is the year that we can see revenue opportunities.

Next question. Where do things stand in telecom and energy infrastructure? And what still needs to happen before those opportunities can start contributing in a bigger way? The Caban announcement was a great start.

Yes. We've taken control of the battery manufacturing equipment and process from Caban, and we've commenced production. Production battery types have been delivered to the customer, and we plan to consolidate that into our Webster facility in Q2 and improve efficiency to reduce costs and centralize operations as we grow. We now have supply chain set up for the 48-volt, 100 amp-hour battery production, and the focus is now to deliver batteries to meet the customers' needs. In addition, we are in active engagements with telecom operators and service providers directly to provide KULR ONE batteries as a Battery-as-a-Service offering that's separate from the Caban channel. We're starting to test the water to offer that as a battery subscription service. The goal is to lower the total cost of ownership for operators to replace lead-acid batteries with lithium-ion batteries.

Michael, since KULR is involved in several areas like aerospace, defense, telecom, e-mobility and data centers, where is management most focused right now? And where will most of the company's attention and resources go over the next year?

Yes. The focus for 2026 is simple: build and sell more KULR ONE batteries. Management is most focused right now on the KULR ONE Air platform. That's the one that shows the highest growth with our customers. As I mentioned, we have over 20 active customer engagements for autonomous systems across air, land and maritime, and we shipped thousands of battery packs to customers. This is the area where we see the highest growth in 2026.

Looking at the rest of 2026, what are the biggest goals and milestones investors should be on the lookout for? And what would management consider a successful year?

Well, across our portfolio, KULR ONE Space and Guardian products will continue to gain customer traction. As you know, private space exploration and the launch market are growing very quickly. The telecom batteries—we're shipping volume to our customers to meet their demands. We have some new telecom operators that we hope will get contracts in 2026 for Battery-as-a-Service. Keep in mind that these operating engagements can take some time, but they could become a very good recurring revenue business for us. Most important is the KULR ONE Air product that's going to ramp and scale with our customers. I think the baseline is 10,000 packs per month as we get our automated production line going. So I think those are the big goals for the year.

Okay. Excellent. Next question then, how stable and repeatable is the KULR ONE platform revenue base becoming?

Yes. Like I said in the prepared remarks, what has fundamentally changed for KULR in 2026 compared to previous years is that the need for power battery packs has emerged for these very fast-growing markets: autonomous platforms, digital infrastructure and direct energy. KULR ONE is engineered from the ground up to serve this paradigm shift. Our customer engagements now cover broader industry segments. The customers are diversified across different markets. We also have many more customers, each with programs that are running, and we're customizing our solutions specifically for their programs. These customers have roadmaps to ramp volume in 2026, which gives us more confidence to build our production capability to serve them on schedule. We're certainly moving to a more stable and repeatable product-sales business model in 2026.

All right. Michael, next question is, as space-based AI data centers become more of a long-term discussion point, does KULR see a potential role there given its background in space applications, thermal management and battery safety?

Well, first of all, I think this is a long-term conversation, and it is not something KULR can focus on in 2026. But the space-based AI data center idea is one of the biggest and most challenging concepts right now. Some industry leaders have discussed moving compute into space to address constraints on Earth. At GTC 2026, NVIDIA announced the Space-1 Vera Rubin module along with other modules engineered to deliver AI performance in space. How to cool chips in space is still an unsolved problem. These data centers will definitely need space-proven batteries. Some of the private space companies that NVIDIA is working with for space AI data centers are already KULR customers. So there might be opportunities, but this is not a primary focus for us in 2026.

Understood. Here's the next question. You have recently announced drone partnerships with Hylio, a backup power partnership with Caban Energy and a standards body membership looking to modularize AI data center building blocks. These three initiatives represent a large market opportunity, but how much, if any, will you see in 2026?

Yes. Hylio and Caban are both 2026 revenue contributors. Caban is in production now and will grow for the remainder of 2026. Hylio is an active engineering collaboration and revenue will follow qualification and production milestones as the program moves from prototype to volume. We do expect Hylio revenue in the second half of 2026. The AI data center BBU business, as I mentioned before, is more likely to be a 2027 revenue story for us.

Michael, here's the final question for today's call. In regards to your ability to power drones, given the recent developments globally, are you aligning yourself with companies that plan to rapidly increase output as a result?

Yes. KULR ONE Air for drone and autonomous platforms is the focus for KULR in 2026. We have many active engagements across air, land and maritime applications, and many of them will go to production in 2026. We're setting up an automated production line for those batteries to be in operation in the second half of 2026. Related to drones is the counter-drone direct energy systems work; we developed a 400-volt battery for a customer in five weeks from when we received the purchase order, and that's a record time for a system like that. These systems will go into production in 2026. NDAA compliance is also important for domestic production and government drone programs, which is why we partnered with Hylio to build made-in-USA batteries and drones together. We are well positioned to serve many customers that are scaling quickly in both defense and commercial applications in 2026.

Well, as mentioned, that's our final question for today's call. I do want to point out, as we do in all of these calls, that all you need to do is pull up the press release that came out for this call, which came out March 26, and continue to send your questions in throughout the quarter leading up to our next call. We appreciate all of those who did submit questions for today's call. And I would like to thank Michael Mo, CEO for KULR Technology, as well as Shawn Canter, the CFO for KULR Technology Group for joining us here today. That concludes our call, and I will now turn the call over to our operator.

Thank you. This does conclude today's webcast and conference call. You may disconnect at this time, and have a wonderful day. Thank you once again for your participation.