6-K

LG Display Co., Ltd. (LPL)

6-K 2025-03-05 For: 2025-03-05
View Original
Added on April 07, 2026
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 6-K

REPORT OFFOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR15d-16

UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of March 2025

LG DisplayCo., Ltd.

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

LG Twin Towers, 128 Yeoui-daero, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul07336, Republic of Korea

(Address of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F ☒   Form 40-F ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1): ☐

Note: Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1) only permits the submission in paper of a Form 6-K if submitted solely to provide an attached annual report to security holders.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7): ☐

Note: Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7) only permits the submission in paper of a Form 6-K if submission to furnish a report or other document that the registration foreign private issuer must furnish and make public under the laws of the jurisdiction in which the registrant is incorporated, domiciled or legally organized (the registrant’s “home country”), or under the rules of the home country exchange on which the registrant’s securities are traded, as long as the report or other document is not a press release, is not required to be and has not been distributed to the registrant’s security holders, and if discussing a material event, has already been the subject of a Form 6-K submission or other Commission filing on EDGAR.

Indicate by check mark whether by furnishing the information contained in this Form, the registrant is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Yes ☐   No ☒

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1. Name of external auditor: Samil PricewaterhouseCoopers Accounting Corporation (PwC)
2. Date of receiving external audit report: March 4, 2025
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3. Auditor’s opinion
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4. Financial Highlights of Consolidated Financial Statements
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Audit Report on Consolidated Financial Statements

Items FY 2024 FY 2023
Total Assets 32,859,565,603,472 35,759,297,833,297
Total Liabilities 24,786,759,041,251 26,988,754,065,870
Total Shareholders’ Equity 8,072,806,562,221 8,770,543,767,427
Capital Stock 2,500,000,000,000 1,789,078,500,000
Revenues 26,615,346,868,922 21,330,818,934,958
Operating Income -560,596,289,460 -2,510,163,608,358
Ordinary Income -2,191,539,696,036 -3,339,441,283,797
Net Income -2,409,299,854,829 -2,576,729,162,648
Total Shareholders’ Equity / Capital Stock 323 % 4.9 %
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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Financial Statements

For the Year EndedDecember 31, 2024

(With Independent Auditor’s Report Thereon)

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Contents

Page
Independent Auditor’s Report 1
Consolidated Statements of Financial Position 5
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss 6
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity 7
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 8
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 9
Independent Auditor’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting<br> for Consolidation Purposes 122
Management’s Report on the Effectiveness of Internal Control over Financial<br> Reporting for Consolidation Purposes 124
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LOGO

Independent Auditor’s Report

(English Translation of a Report Originally Issued in Korean)

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

LG Display Co., Ltd.

Opinion

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of LG Display Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Group”) which comprise the consolidated statement of financial position as at December 31, 2024, and the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, consolidated statement of changes in equity and consolidated statement of cash flows for the year then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including material accounting policy information.

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Group as at December 31, 2024, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the Republic of Korea (Korean IFRS).

We have also audited, in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing, the Group’s Internal Control over Financial Reporting for Consolidation Purposes as at December 31, 2024, based on Conceptual Framework for Designing and Operating Internal Control over Financial Reporting, and our report dated March 4, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion.

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical requirements of the Republic of Korea that are relevant to our audit of the consolidated financial statements and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the ethical requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Key Audit Matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

(a) Impairment test of cash generating unit

Reasons why the matter was determined to be a key audit matter

As described in Note 9 and 10, the Group has classified the carrying amounts of property, plant, and equipment of ~~W~~17,202,873 million and intangible assets of ~~W~~1,558,407 million recognized as of the end of the reporting period into Display, Display (Large OLED), and Display (AD PO) cash generating units (CGUs). The Group identified indications of impairment due to the carrying amount of net assets being higher than market value as of the end of the reporting period and continuous operating losses due to competitive display market conditions. The Group performed an impairment test on the CGUs by evaluating the recoverable amount using the value in use calculated by applying the discounted cash flow model.

We determined the impairment test on the CGUs as a Key Audit Matter considering that significant judgment by management is involved in estimates such as cash flows and discount rates included in the Group’s impairment test.

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How our audit addressed the Key Audit Matter

We have performed the following audit procedures to address the Key Audit Matter.

Understanding and evaluating the accounting policies and internal controls of the Group related to impairment<br>testing
Testing internal controls such as the management’s review and approval of estimated business plan and<br>significant assumptions for impairment testing
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Evaluating the completeness and accuracy of underlying data used in management’s valuation model<br>
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Verifying whether future cash flow estimates are consistent with business plans approved by management<br>
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Evaluating the appropriateness of significant assumptions in valuation models including discount rates and growth<br>rates by comparing them with external benchmarks within the industry and the Group’s past financial information
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Evaluating the reasonableness of management’s business plan estimates by comparing business plans<br>established for each CGU in prior periods with actual performance for the current period
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Evaluating the competence and objectivity of independent external experts engaged by the Group<br>
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Performing sensitivity analysis to assess the magnitude of changes in significant assumptions applied in<br>valuation models that can result in impairment loss
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Evaluating the reasonableness of assumptions applied in a valuation model and discount rates used in the<br>management’s evaluation by utilizing auditor’s valuation experts with professional skills and knowledge
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(b) Assessment of recognition of deferred tax assets

Reasons why the matter was determined to be a key audit matter

As described in Note 24 to the financial statements, deferred tax assets recognized by the Group as of the end of the reporting period for temporary differences, tax loss carryforwards, and tax credit carryforwards amount to 3,504,177 million KRW. The Group evaluated the realizability of deferred tax assets considering the probability of generating taxable profit against which temporary differences, unused tax loss carryforwards, and tax credit carryforwards can be utilized.

We determined the assessment of realizability of deferred tax assets as a Key Audit Matter considering that significant judgment by management is involved in estimates such as expected taxable income and utilization of tax policy included in the Group’s realizability assessment.

How our audit addressed the Key Audit Matter

We have performed the following audit procedures to address the Key Audit Matter.

Understanding and evaluating the accounting policies and internal controls of the Group related to assessment of<br>realizability of deferred tax assets
Testing internal controls such as management’s review and approval of significant assumptions in taxable<br>profit forecasts and utilization of tax policy
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Evaluating whether expected taxable profit estimates are based on approved business plans, past performance,<br>transfer pricing, and dividend policies
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Evaluating the appropriateness of management’s estimates on future taxable profit by comparing past<br>estimated taxable income with actual performance for the current period
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Evaluating the appropriateness of estimated timing for realization of temporary differences<br>
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Evaluating whether expected tax rates applied to measure the deferred tax assets are based on enacted or<br>substantively enacted tax rates by the end of the reporting period and expected to apply to accounting periods when assets are realized
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Other Matters

The consolidated financial statements of the Group for the year ended December 31, 2023, were audited by another auditor who expressed an unqualified opinion on those statements on March 7, 2023.

Auditing standards and their application in practice vary among countries. The procedures and practices used in the Republic of Korea to audit such consolidated financial statements may differ from those generally accepted and applied in other countries.

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Consolidated Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with Korean IFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Group or to cease operations.

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Group’s financial reporting process.

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to<br>fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is<br>higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are<br>appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control.
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Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and<br>related disclosures made by management.
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Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on<br>the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are<br>required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to<br>the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern.
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Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including the<br>disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
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Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business<br>activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the Group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.<br>
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We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Sang-Woo Nam, Certified Public Accountant.

Seoul, Korea

March 4, 2025

This report is effective as of March 4, 2025, the audit report date. Certain subsequent events or circumstances, which may occur between the audit report date and the time of reading this report, could have a material impact on the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto. Accordingly, the readers of the audit report should understand that there is a possibility that the above audit report may have to be revised to reflect the impact of such subsequent events or circumstances, if any.

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Financial Position

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023

(In millions of won) Note December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents 4, 26 ~~W~~ 2,021,640 2,257,522
Deposits in banks 4, 26 600 905,971
Trade accounts and notes receivable, net 5, 15, 26, 29 3,624,477 3,218,093
Other accounts receivable, net 5, 26 250,029 126,985
Other current financial assets 6, 26 328,621 168,623
Inventories 7 2,671,242 2,527,728
Prepaid income taxes 12,774 44,505
Assets held for sale 30 983,317
Other current assets 230,337 253,759
Total current assets 10,123,037 9,503,186
Deposits in banks 4, 26 11 11
Investments in equity accounted investees 8 33,177 84,329
Other non-current financial assets 6, 26 232,652 173,626
Property, plant and equipment, net 9, 18 17,202,873 20,200,332
Intangible assets, net 10, 18 1,558,407 1,773,955
Investment Property 11, 18 27,911 32,995
Deferred tax assets 24 3,504,177 3,562,861
Defined benefits assets, net 13 160,752 407,438
Other non-current assets 16,569 20,565
Total non-current assets 22,736,529 26,256,112
Total assets ~~W~~ 32,859,566 35,759,298
Liabilities
Trade accounts and notes payable 26, 29 ~~W~~ 4,156,149 4,175,064
Current financial liabilities 12, 26, 27, 28, 29 6,527,450 5,262,295
Other accounts payable 26 1,720,670 2,918,903
Accrued expenses 634,473 648,949
Income tax payable 65,366 52,237
Provisions 14 105,251 117,676
Advances received 15 904,628 625,838
Liabilities held for sale 30 1,656,841
Other current liabilities 88,256 84,066
Total current liabilities 15,859,084 13,885,028
Non-current financial liabilities 12, 26, 27, 28, 29 8,091,407 11,439,776
Non-current provisions 14 60,908 63,805
Defined benefit liabilities, net 13 1,093 1,559
Long-term advances received 15 220,500 967,050
Deferred tax liabilities 24 2,069
Other non-current liabilities 26 553,767 629,467
Total non-current liabilities 8,927,675 13,103,726
Total liabilities 24,786,759 26,988,754
Equity
Share capital 16 2,500,000 1,789,079
Share premium 16 2,773,587 2,251,113
Retained earnings (18,512 ) 2,676,014
Reserves 16 995,823 515,976
Accumulated other comprehensive income held for sale 30 291,363
Equity attributable to owners of the Parent 6,542,261 7,232,182
Non-controlling interests 1,530,546 1,538,362
Total equity 8,072,807 8,770,544
Total liabilities and equity ~~W~~ 32,859,566 35,759,298

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

(In millions of won, except loss per share amounts) Note 2024 2023
Revenue 17, 18, 29 ~~W~~ 26,615,347 21,330,819
Cost of sales 7, 19, 29 (24,039,928 ) (20,985,643 )
Gross profit 2,575,419 345,176
Selling expenses 19, 20 (584,692 ) (575,785 )
Administrative expenses 19, 20 (1,103,617 ) (899,902 )
Research and development expenses 19 (1,447,706 ) (1,379,653 )
Operating loss (560,596 ) (2,510,164 )
Finance income 22 883,094 1,122,294
Finance costs 22 (1,821,912 ) (1,634,534 )
Other non-operating income 21 2,100,443 1,472,258
Other non-operating expenses 21 (2,797,981 ) (1,786,234 )
Equity in income of equity accounted investees, net 5,412 (3,061 )
Loss before income tax (2,191,540 ) (3,339,441 )
Income tax benefit (expense) 23 (217,760 ) 762,712
Loss for the period (2,409,300 ) (2,576,729 )
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Items that will never be reclassified to profit or loss
Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities 13 (131,835 ) 49,817
Other comprehensive income (loss) from associates 8 (85 ) 170
(131,920 ) 49,987
Items that are or may be reclassified to profit or loss
Foreign currency translation differences for foreign operations 16 926,637 23,143
Other comprehensive income (loss) from associates 8, 16 3,320 (2,824 )
929,957 20,319
Other comprehensive income for the period, net of income tax 798,037 70,306
Total comprehensive loss for the period ~~W~~ (1,611,263 ) (2,506,423 )
Profit (loss) attributable to:
Owners of the Parent (2,562,606 ) (2,733,742 )
Non-controlling interests 153,306 157,013
Loss for the period ~~W~~ (2,409,300 ) (2,576,729 )
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to:
Owners of the Parent (1,923,316 ) (2,647,407 )
Non-controlling interests 312,053 140,984
Total comprehensive loss for the period ~~W~~ (1,611,263 ) (2,506,423 )
Loss per share (in won)
Basic loss per share 25 ~~W~~ (5,438 ) (7,177 )
Diluted loss per share 25 ~~W~~ (5,438 ) (7,177 )

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

Attributable to owners of the Parent Company
(In millions of won) Note Share<br>capital Sharepremium Retainedearnings Reserves Othercomprehensiveincomeclassified asheld for sale Sub-total Non-controllinginterests Total<br>equity
Balances at January 1, 2023 ~~W~~ 1,789,079 2,251,113 5,359,769 479,628 9,879,589 1,439,638 11,319,227
Total comprehensive income (loss) for the period
Profit (loss) for the period (2,733,742 ) (2,733,742 ) 157,013 (2,576,729 )
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities 49,817 49,817 49,817
Foreign currency translation differences 39,172 39,172 (16,029 ) 23,143
Other comprehensive income (loss) from associates 170 (2,824 ) (2,654 ) (2,654 )
Total other comprehensive income (loss) 49,987 36,348 86,335 (16,029 ) 70,306
Total comprehensive income (loss) for the period ~~W~~ (2,683,755 ) 36,348 (2,647,407 ) 140,984 (2,506,423 )
Transaction with owners, recognized directly in equity
Dividends to non-controlling shareholders in<br>subsidiaries (42,260 ) (42,260 )
Balances at December 31, 2023 ~~W~~ 1,789,079 2,251,113 2,676,014 515,976 7,232,182 1,538,362 8,770,544
Balances at January 1, 2024 ~~W~~ 1,789,079 2,251,113 2,676,014 515,976 7,232,182 1,538,362 8,770,544
Total comprehensive income (loss) for the period
Profit (loss) for the period (2,562,606 ) (2,562,606 ) 153,306 (2,409,300 )
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities (131,835 ) (131,835 ) (131,835 )
Classified as held for sale (215,788 ) 215,788
Foreign currency translation differences 692,315 75,575 767,890 158,747 926,637
Other comprehensive income (loss) from associates (85 ) 3,320 3,235 3,235
Total other comprehensive income (loss) (131,920 ) 479,847 291,363 639,290 158,747 798,037
Total comprehensive income (loss) for the period ~~W~~ (2,694,526 ) 479,847 291,363 (1,923,316 ) 312,053 (1,611,263 )
Transaction with owners, recognized directly in equity
Capital increase 16 710,921 569,893 1,280,814 1,280,814
Acquisition of non-controlling shareholders’ interests<br>in subsidiaries (47,419 ) (47,419 ) (183,850 ) (231,269 )
Dividends to non-controlling shareholders in<br>subsidiaries (136,019 ) (136,019 )
Total transaction with owners, recognized directly in equity 710,921 522,474 1,233,395 (319,869 ) 913,526
Balances at December 31, 2024 ~~W~~ 2,500,000 2,773,587 (18,512 ) 995,823 291,363 6,542,261 1,530,546 8,072,807

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

(In millions of won) Note 2024 2023
Cash flows from (used in) operating activities:
Cash generated from operations 28 ~~W~~ 3,373,456 2,819,329
Income taxes paid (139,782 ) (290,102 )
Interests received 93,945 144,402
Interests paid (915,858 ) (990,881 )
Cash flows from operating activities 2,411,761 1,682,748
Cash flows from (used in) investing activities:
Dividends received 200 15,200
Increase in deposits in banks (1,700 ) (943,166 )
Proceeds from withdrawal of deposits in banks 921,995 1,785,231
Acquisition of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (5,470 ) (4,615 )
Proceeds from disposal of financial asset at fair value through profit or loss 5,301 546
Acquisition of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (3,000 )
Proceeds from disposal of financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive<br>income 2,671
Proceeds from disposal of investments in associates 17,609
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment (2,129,735 ) (3,482,754 )
Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment 248,460 485,659
Acquisition of intangible assets (786,819 ) (672,076 )
Proceeds from disposal of intangible assets 6,257 6,328
Proceeds from insurance payout 49,995
Government grants received 2,307 7,417
Proceeds from settlement of derivatives 274,173 178,610
Increase in short-term loans 19,697 27,411
Increase in deposits (2,036 ) (3,992 )
Decrease in deposits 2,124 4,535
Proceeds from disposal of greenhouse gas emission permits 14,394 6,659
Cash flows used in investing activities (1,363,248 ) (2,589,336 )
Cash flows from (used in) financing activities: 28
Proceeds from short-term borrowings 5,219,941 6,729,725
Repayments of short-term borrowings (6,285,819 ) (7,446,111 )
Proceeds from issuance of bonds 469,266
Repayments of bonds (370,000 ) (433,990 )
Proceeds from long-term borrowings 2,912,552 4,765,524
Repayments of current portion of long-term borrowings (3,638,904 ) (2,625,970 )
Payment of lease liabilities (71,008 ) (73,483 )
Capital increase 1,292,455
Transaction cost from capital increase (11,641 )
Acquisition of non-controlling shareholders’<br>interests in subsidiaries (245,362 )
Dividends to non-controlling shareholders in<br>subsidiaries (136,519 ) (34,098 )
Cash flows from (used in) financing activities (1,334,305 ) 1,350,863
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (285,792 ) 444,275
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1 2,257,522 1,824,649
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash held 208,325 (11,402 )
Cash and cash equivalents included in assets held for sale (158,415 )
Cash and cash equivalents at December 31 ~~W~~ 2,021,640 2,257,522

See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

1. Reporting Entity
(a) Description of the Parent Company
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LG Display Co., Ltd. (the “ Parent Company “) was incorporated in February 1985 and the Parent Company is a public corporation listed in the Korea Exchange since 2004. The main business of the Parent Company and its subsidiaries (the “Group”) is to manufacture and sell displays and its related products. As of December 31, 2024, the Group is operating Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display (“TFT-LCD”) and Organic Light Emitting Diode (“OLED”) panel manufacturing plants in Gumi, Paju and China and TFT-LCD and OLED module manufacturing plants in Gumi, Paju, China and Vietnam. The Parent Company is domiciled in the Republic of Korea with its address at 128 Yeouidae-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, the Republic of Korea. As of December 31, 2024, LG Electronics Inc., a major shareholder of the Parent Company, owns 36.72% (183,593,206 shares) of the Parent Company’s common stock.

As of December 31, 2024, 500,000,000 shares of the Parent Company’s common stock are listed on Korea Exchange under the identifying code 034220, and 20,944,314 American Depository Shares (“ADSs”, 2 ADSs represent one share of common stock) are listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “LPL”.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

1. Reporting Entity, Continued
(b) Consolidated Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2024
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(In millions)
--- --- --- --- --- ---
Subsidiaries Location Percentage ofownership(%) Closing month Date ofincorporation Business
LG Display America, Inc. San Jose,<br> <br>U.S.A. 100 December September 24,<br>1999 Sales of display products
LG Display Germany GmbH Eschborn,<br>Germany 100 December October 15,<br>1999 Sales of display products
LG Display Japan Co., Ltd. Tokyo,<br>Japan 100 December October 12,<br>1999 Sales of display products
LG Display Taiwan Co., Ltd. Taipei,<br>Taiwan 100 December April 12,<br> <br>1999 Sales of display products
LG Display Nanjing Co., Ltd. Nanjing,<br>China 100 December July 15,<br> <br>2002 Production of display products
LG Display Shanghai Co., Ltd. Shanghai,<br>China 100 December January 16,<br> <br>2003 Sales of display products
LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd.(*1) Guangzhou,<br>China 100 December June 30,<br> <br>2006 Production of display products
LG Display Shenzhen Co., Ltd. Shenzhen,<br>China 100 December July 27,<br> <br>2007 Sales of display products
LG Display Singapore Pte. Ltd. Singapore 100 December November 4,<br>2008 Sales of display products
L&T Display Technology (Fujian) Limited Fujian,<br> <br>China 51 December December 7,<br>2009 Production and sales of LCD module and LCD monitor sets
LG Display Yantai Co., Ltd. Yantai,<br> <br>China 100 December March 17,<br> <br>2010 Production of display products
Nanumnuri Co., Ltd. Gumi,<br> <br>South Korea 100 December March 21,<br> <br>2012 Business facility maintenance
LG Display (China) Co., Ltd.(*1)(*2) Guangzhou,<br>China 80 December December 10,<br>2012 Production and sales of display products
Unified Innovative Technology, LLC Wilmington,<br>U.S.A. 100 December March 12,<br> <br>2014 Intellectual property management
LG Display Guangzhou Trading Co., Ltd. Guangzhou,<br>China 100 December April 28,<br> <br>2015 Sales of display products
Global OLED Technology, LLC Sterling,<br>U.S.A. 100 December December 18,<br>2009 OLED intellectual property management
LG Display Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd. Haiphong,<br> <br>Vietnam 100 December May 5,<br> <br>2016 Production and sales of display products
Suzhou Lehui Display Co., Ltd. Suzhou,<br>China 100 December July 1,<br> <br>2016 Production and sales of LCD module and LCD monitor sets
LG DISPLAY FUND I LLC(*3) Wilmington,<br>U.S.A. 100 December May 1,<br> <br>2018 Investment in venture business and technologies
LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. Guangzhou,<br>China 70 December July 11,<br> <br>2018 Production and sales of display products

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

1. Reporting Entity, Continued
(b) Consolidated Subsidiaries as of December 31, 2024, Continued
--- ---
(*1) For the year ended December 31, 2024, the contract to sell 80% of its stake in LG Display (China) Co.,<br>Ltd. and 100% of its stake in LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd. was signed. As a result, the assets and liabilities held by LG Display (China) Co., Ltd. and LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd. are presented as assets and liabilities held for sale.<br>
--- ---
(*2) For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Group acquired 10% equity interests in LG Display (China) Co.,<br>Ltd. for ~~W~~245,362 million from non-controlling shareholders.
--- ---
(*3) For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Parent Company contributed<br>~~W~~6,831 million in cash for the capital increase of LG DISPLAY FUND I LLC. There was no change in the Parent Company’s percentage of ownership in LG DISPLAY FUND I LLC as a result of this additional<br>investment.
--- ---

In addition to the above subsidiaries, the Parent Company has invested ~~W~~140,600 million in MMT (Money Market Trust), which is controlled by the Parent Company.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

1. Reporting Entity, Continued
(c) Summary of financial information (before the elimination of intercompany transactions) of subsidiaries as of<br>and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won) December 31, 2024 2024
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Subsidiaries Total<br>assets Totalliabilities Totalshareholders’equity Sales Netincome<br>(loss)
LG Display America, Inc. ~~W~~ 2,433,349 2,367,143 66,206 15,218,449 12,662
LG Display Germany GmbH 571,085 535,427 35,658 1,514,282 3,555
LG Display Japan Co., Ltd. 215,670 201,213 14,457 1,045,036 2,420
LG Display Taiwan Co., Ltd. 807,931 780,043 27,888 2,569,859 2,819
LG Display Nanjing Co., Ltd. 3,188,176 2,249,586 938,590 1,841,645 103,023
LG Display Shanghai Co., Ltd. 192,973 166,757 26,216 890,982 4,286
LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd.(*) 2,603,086 1,984,854 618,232 2,306,421 44,772
LG Display Shenzhen Co., Ltd. 117,986 101,622 16,364 589,537 2,818
LG Display Singapore Pte. Ltd. 3,570,065 3,554,525 15,540 1,442,304 (6,018 )
L&T Display Technology (Fujian) Limited 345,309 242,376 102,933 851,228 18,251
LG Display Yantai Co., Ltd. 601,808 177,391 424,417 302,923 26,941
Nanumnuri Co., Ltd. 5,556 3,685 1,871 25,502 320
LG Display (China) Co., Ltd.(*) 2,237,053 276,308 1,960,745 1,477,381 46,621
Unified Innovative Technology, LLC 698 20 678 (523 )
LG Display Guangzhou Trading Co., Ltd. 3,594,526 3,462,995 131,531 400,592 39,474
Global OLED Technology, LLC 32,998 3,512 29,486 1,312 (11,966 )
LG Display Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd. 6,192,641 4,434,492 1,758,149 3,931,808 250,503
Suzhou Lehui Display Co., Ltd. 307,178 109,776 197,402 393,161 8,837
LG DISPLAY FUND I LLC 97,596 30 97,566 (3,164 )
LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. 7,630,921 4,000,109 3,630,812 2,482,999 432,402
Total(*) ~~W~~ 34,746,605 24,651,864 10,094,741 37,285,421 978,033
(*) For the year ended December 31, 2024, the contract to sell 80% of its stake in LG Display (China) Co.,<br>Ltd. and 100% of its stake in LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd. was signed. As a result, the assets and liabilities held by LG Display (China) Co., Ltd. and LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd. are presented as assets and liabilities held for sale.<br>
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

1. Reporting Entity, Continued
(In millions of won) December 31, 2023 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Subsidiaries Total<br>assets Totalliabilities Totalshareholders’equity Sales Netincome<br>(loss)
LG Display America, Inc. ~~W~~ 1,872,996 1,826,784 46,212 11,952,787 9,789
LG Display Germany GmbH 315,096 286,596 28,500 1,247,796 2,321
LG Display Japan Co., Ltd. 157,279 145,709 11,570 913,462 3,932
LG Display Taiwan Co., Ltd. 265,810 242,463 23,347 1,697,729 (1,744 )
LG Display Nanjing Co., Ltd. 3,731,464 2,986,076 745,388 1,764,307 85,121
LG Display Shanghai Co., Ltd. 334,278 314,805 19,473 797,516 3,822
LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd. 3,820,218 3,306,879 513,339 2,144,773 96,945
LG Display Shenzhen Co., Ltd. 97,514 85,518 11,996 453,174 1,735
LG Display Singapore Pte. Ltd. 760,769 741,604 19,165 1,147,311 3,689
L&T Display Technology (Fujian) Limited 309,340 221,293 88,047 960,302 25,079
LG Display Yantai Co., Ltd. 539,791 184,568 355,223 373,916 100,982
Nanumnuri Co., Ltd. 5,606 3,585 2,021 26,110 594
LG Display (China) Co., Ltd. 2,410,130 275,824 2,134,306 1,145,472 108,801
Unified Innovative Technology, LLC 1,093 1,093 (1,043 )
LG Display Guangzhou Trading Co., Ltd. 2,341,100 2,291,500 49,600 457,404 15,016
Global OLED Technology, LLC 40,786 3,576 37,210 3,861 (10,838 )
LG Display Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd. 5,918,634 4,614,173 1,304,461 2,773,046 159,089
Suzhou Lehui Display Co., Ltd. 284,364 115,169 169,195 414,537 7,739
LG DISPLAY FUND I LLC 82,099 14 82,085 (9,332 )
LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. 6,417,671 3,565,229 2,852,442 2,432,838 374,836
Total ~~W~~ 29,706,038 21,211,365 8,494,673 30,706,341 976,533

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

1. Reporting Entity, Continued
(d) Information of subsidiaries (before elimination of intercompany transactions) which have material non-controlling interests as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd.
2024 2023
Percentage of ownership in non-controlling interests<br>(%) 30 30
Current assets ~~W~~ 5,666,246 3,796,310
Non-current assets 1,964,675 2,621,361
Current liabilities 2,193,788 978,596
Non-current liabilities 1,806,321 2,586,633
Net assets 3,630,812 2,852,442
Book value of non-controlling interests 1,087,857 854,346
Revenue ~~W~~ 2,482,999 2,432,838
Profit for the year 432,402 374,836
Profit attributable to non-controlling interests 129,721 112,451
Cash flows from operating activities ~~W~~ 1,252,886 777,354
Cash flows used in investing activities (1,290,367 ) (979,167 )
Cash flows from (used in) financing activities (213,400 ) 365,898
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash and cash equivalents 19,378 (3,571 )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (231,503 ) 160,514
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1 314,075 153,561
Cash and cash equivalents at December 31 82,572 314,075

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

2. Basis of Presenting Financial Statements
(a) Application of accounting standards
--- ---

In accordance with the Act on External Audits of Stock Companies, Etc., these consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Korean International Financial Reporting Standards (“K-IFRS”).

The consolidated financial statements were authorized for issuance by the Board of Directors on January 20, 2025, which will be submitted for approval to the shareholders’ meeting to be held on March 20, 2025.

(b) Basis of Measurement

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following material items in the consolidated statement of financial position:

derivative financial instruments at fair value, financial assets at fair value through profit or loss<br>(“FVTPL”), financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”), financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”), and
net defined benefit liabilities (defined benefit assets) recognized at the present value of defined benefit<br>obligations less the fair value of plan assets
--- ---
(c) Functional and Presentation Currency
--- ---

Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group’s entities are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which each entity operates (the “functional currency”). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Korean won, which is the Parent Company’s functional and presentation currency.

(d) Estimates and Judgments

As the resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results, it can contain a significant risk of causing a material adjustment.

Estimates and assumptions are continuously evaluated and taken into account future events that are reasonably predictable in light of past experiences and current situations. Changes in accounting estimates are recognized during the period which the estimates have been changed and the future periods to be affected.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

2. Basis of Presenting Financial Statements, Continued
(d) Estimates and Judgments, Continued
--- ---

The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below. Additional information of significant judgement and assumptions of certain items are included in relevant notes.

(i) Impairment of goodwill, etc.

The recoverable amount of a cash generating unit (CGU) is determined based on value-in-use calculations (Note 10).

(ii) Income Tax

The Group’s taxable income generated from these operations are subject to income taxes based on tax laws and interpretations of tax authorities in numerous jurisdictions. There are many transactions and calculations for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. The Group estimates the income tax effects expected to be incurred in the future as a result of its operating activities up to the end of the reporting period, and recognizes them as current and deferred income taxes. However, the actual future income tax burden may not match the recognized related assets and liabilities, and such differences may affect the current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities at the time the expected income tax effects are realized.

In addition, deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable income will be generated during the periods when temporary differences, unused tax losses, and tax credits are realized. Significant judgments are made to determine the book value of deferred tax assets that can be recognized based on the timing and level of future taxable income.

(iii) Net defined benefit liabilities (defined benefit assets)

The present value of defined benefit obligations can vary depending on various factors determined by actuarial methods. The assumptions applied to determine the net cost (profit) of retirement benefits include the discount rate, which represents the interest rate that should be applied to determine the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to occur upon the settlement of defined benefit obligations. An appropriate discount rate is determined by considering the yield on high-quality corporate bonds with maturities similar to the duration of the related pension liabilities, expressed in the currency in which the pension is paid. Other key assumptions related to defined benefit obligations are based on current market conditions.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these consolidated financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

(a) Consolidation
(i) Subsidiaries
--- ---

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed, or has right to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date on which control is acquired until the date on which control is lost.

(ii) Non-controlling interests

Non-controlling interests (“NCI”) are measured at their proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets at the acquisition date. Profit or loss and other comprehensive income (loss) of subsidiaries are attributed to owners of the Controlling Company and non-controlling interests.

Changes in the Group’s interest in subsidiaries that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity transactions.

(iii) Loss of Control

If the Controlling Company loses control of subsidiaries, the Controlling Company derecognizes the assets and liabilities of the former subsidiaries from the consolidated statement of financial position and recognizes the gain or loss associated with the loss of control attributable to the former controlling interest. Meanwhile, the Controlling Company recognizes any investment retained in the former subsidiaries at its fair value when control is lost.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(a) Consolidation, Continued
--- ---
(iv) Associates and joint ventures (equity method investees)
--- ---

Associates are those entities in which the Group has significant influence, but not control or joint control, over the financial and operating policies. A joint venture is an arrangement in which the parties have joint control, whereby the parties have rights to the net assets of the arrangement, rather than rights to its assets and obligations for its liabilities.

Investments in associates and joint ventures are initially recognized at cost and subsequently accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The carrying amount of investments in associates and joint ventures is increased or decreased to recognize the Group’s share of the profits or losses and changes in the Group’s proportionate interest of the investee after the date of acquisition. Distributions received from an investee reduce the carrying amount of the investment.

If an associate or a joint venture uses accounting policies different from those of the Controlling Company for like transactions and events in similar circumstances, appropriate adjustments are made to the consolidated financial statements. As of and during the periods presented in the consolidated financial statements, no adjustments were made in applying the equity method.

When the Group’s share of losses exceeds its interest in an equity accounted investee, the carrying amount of that interest, including any long-term investments, is reduced to nil, and the recognition of further losses is discontinued except to the extent that the Group has an obligation or has made payments on behalf of the investee.

(v) Transactions eliminated on consolidation

Intra-group balances and transactions, including income and expenses and any unrealized income and expenses and balance of trade accounts and notes receivable and payable arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated. Unrealized gains arising from transactions with equity accounted investees are eliminated against the investment to the extent of the Group’s interest in the investee. Unrealized losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealized gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(b) Foreign Currency Translation
--- ---

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of the Group entities at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rate on the reporting date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies that are measured at fair value are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at the date that the fair value was determined. Foreign currency differences arising on translation are recognized in profit or loss, except for differences arising on an investment in equity instruments designated as at FVOCI and a financial asset and liability designated as a cash flow hedge, which are recognized in other comprehensive income. Exchange differences arising on the settlement of monetary items or on translating monetary items at rates different from those at which they were translated on initial recognition are recognized in profit or loss in the period in which they arise. Foreign currency differences arising from assets and liabilities in relation to the investing and financing activities including borrowings, bonds and cash and cash equivalents are recognized in finance income (costs) in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) and foreign currency differences arising from assets and liabilities in relation to activities other than investing and financing activities are recognized in other non-operating income (expense) in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). Foreign currency differences are presented in gross amounts in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss).

If the presentation currency of the Group is different from a foreign operation’s functional currency, the financial position and financial performance of the foreign operation are translated into the presentation currency using the following methods. The assets and liabilities of foreign operations, whose functional currency is not the currency of a hyperinflationary economy are translated to the Group’s functional currency at exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated to the Group’s functional currency at exchange rates at the dates of the transactions and foreign currency differences are recognized in other comprehensive income (loss). Relevant proportionate shares of foreign currency differences are allocated to the controlling interests and non-controlling interests. When a foreign operation is disposed of in its entirety or partially such that control, significant influence or joint control is lost, the cumulative amount in the translation reserve related to that foreign operation is reclassified to profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal. If the Group disposes part of its interest in a subsidiary but retains control, then the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reattributed to NCI. When the Group disposes of only part of an associate or joint venture while retaining significant influence or joint control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reclassified to profit or loss.

Any goodwill arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation and any fair value adjustments to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities arising on the acquisition of that foreign operation is treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation. Thus, they are expressed in the functional currency of the foreign operation and translated at the at each reporting date’s exchange rate.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(c) Cash and cash equivalents
--- ---

Cash and cash equivalents include all cash balances and short-term highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash.

(d) Inventories

Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The cost of inventories is based on the weighted-average method, and includes expenditures incurred in acquiring the inventories, production or conversion costs and other costs incurred in bringing them to their existing location and condition. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated selling expenses. In the case of manufactured inventories and work-in-process, cost includes an appropriate share of production overheads based on the actual capacity of production facilities. However, the normal capacity is used for the allocation of fixed production overheads if the actual level of production is lower than the normal capacity.

(e) Financial Instruments
(i) Non-derivative financial assets
--- ---

Recognition and initial measurement

Trade receivables and debt instruments issued are initially recognized when they are originated. All other financial assets are recognized in statement of financial position when, and only when, the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

A financial asset (unless it is a trade receivable without a significant financing component) is initially measured at fair value plus, for an item not at FVTPL, transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue. A trade receivable without a significant financing component is initially measured at the transaction price.

Classification and subsequentmeasurement

i) Financial assets

On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at: financial assets at amortized cost; financial assets at FVOCI; financial assets at FVTPL. Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition unless the Group changes its business model for managing financial assets, in which case all affected financial assets are reclassified on the first day of the subsequent reporting period following the change in the business model.

A financial asset is measured as at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and<br>
its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and<br>interest on the principal amount outstanding.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(e) Financial Instruments, Continued
--- ---

A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:

it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and<br>selling financial assets; and
the contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and<br>interest on the principal amount outstanding.
--- ---

For investments in equity instruments that are not held for trading, this will depend on whether the Group has made an irrevocable election at the time of initial recognition to account for the equity investment at fair value through other comprehensive income.

All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost or FVOCI as described above are measured as at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. At initial recognition, the Group may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortized cost or at FVOCI as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.

ii) Financial assets: business model

The Group makes an assessment of the objective of the business model in which a financial asset is held at a portfolio level because this best reflects the way the business is managed and information is provided to management. The information considered includes:

the stated policies and objectives for the portfolio and the operation of those policies in practice (these<br>include whether management’s strategy focuses on earning contractual interest income, maintaining a particular interest rate profile, matching the duration of the financial assets to the duration of any related liabilities or expected cash<br>outflows or realizing cash flows through the sale of the assets);
how the performance of the portfolio is evaluated and reported to the Group’s management;<br>
--- ---
the risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business<br>model) and how those risks are managed; and
--- ---
the frequency, volume and timing of sales of financial assets in prior periods, the reasons for such sales and<br>expectations about future sales activity.
--- ---

Transfers of financial assets to third parties in transactions that do not qualify for derecognition are not considered sale for this purpose.

A financial asset that is held for trading or is managed and whose performance is evaluated on a fair value basis is measured at FVTPL.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(e) Financial Instruments, Continued
--- ---
iii) Financial assets: Assessment whether contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest<br>
--- ---

For the purpose of the assessment, “principal” is defined as the fair value of the financial asset on initial recognition. ‘Interest’ is defined as consideration for the time value of money and for the credit risk associated with the principal amount outstanding during a particular period of time and for other basic lending risks and cost (e.g. liquidity risk and administrative costs), as well as profit margin.

In assessing whether the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest, the Group considers the contractual terms of the instrument. This includes assessing whether the financial asset contains a contractual term that could change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows such that it would not meet this condition. In making this assessment, the Group considers:

contingent events that would change the amount or timing of cash flows:
terms that may adjust the contractual coupon rate, including variable-rate features;
--- ---
prepayment and extension features; and
--- ---
terms that limit the Group’s claim to cash flows from specified assets (e.g.<br>non-recourse features)
--- ---

A prepayment feature is consistent with the solely payments of principal and interest criterion if the prepayment amount substantially represents unpaid amounts of principal and interest or the principal amount outstanding, which may include reasonable additional compensation for early termination of the contract.

Additionally, for a financial asset acquired at a discount or premium to its contractual par amount, a feature that permits or requires prepayment at an amount that substantially represents the contractual par amount plus accrued but unpaid contractual interest (which may also include reasonable additional compensation for early termination) is treated as consistent with this criterion if the fair value of the prepayment feature is insignificant at initial recognition.

iv) Financial assets: Subsequent measurement and gains and losses
Financial assets at FVTPL These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognized in profit or loss.
--- ---
Financial assets at amortized cost These assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The amortized cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in<br>profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognized in profit or loss.
Debt investments at FVOCI These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest income calculated using the effective interest method, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in profit or loss. Other net gains and losses are<br>recognized in OCI. On derecognition, gains and losses accumulated in OCI are reclassified to profit or loss.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(e) Financial Instruments, Continued
--- ---

Derecognition

The Group derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire, it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows of the financial asset in a transaction in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred, or it transfers or does not retain substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of a transferred asset, and does not retain control of the transferred asset.

If the Group has retained substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the transferred asset, the Group continues to recognize the transferred asset.

(ii) Non-derivative financial liabilities

The Group classifies financial liabilities into two categories, financial liabilities at FVTPL and other financial liabilities in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement and the definitions of financial liabilities, and recognizes them in the consolidated statement of financial position when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial liabilities at FVTPL include financial liabilities held for trading and designated as such upon initial recognition at FVTPL. After initial recognition, financial liabilities at FVOCI are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognized in profit or loss. Upon initial recognition, transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of financial liabilities are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

Non-derivative financial liabilities other than financial liabilities classified as at FVOCI are classified as other financial liabilities and measured initially at fair value minus transaction costs that are directly attributable to the issuance of financial liabilities. Subsequent to initial recognition, these financial liabilities are measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. As of December 31, 2024, non-derivative financial liabilities comprise borrowings, bonds, trade accounts and notes payable, other accounts payable and others.

The Group derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged, cancelled or expired.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(e) Financial Instruments, Continued
--- ---

(iii) Derivative financial instruments

Derivatives are initially recognized at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, derivatives are measured at fair value, and changes therein are accounted for as described below.

Hedge Accounting

If necessary, the Group designates derivatives as hedging items to hedge the risk of changes in the fair value of assets, liabilities or firm commitments (a fair value hedge) and foreign currency risk of highly probable forecasted transactions or firm commitments (a cash flow hedge).

On initial designation of the hedge, the Group’s management formally designates and documents the relationship between the hedging instrument(s) and hedged item(s), including the risk management objectives and strategy in undertaking the hedge transaction, together with the methods that will be used to assess the effectiveness of the hedging relationship, both at the inception of the hedge relationship as well as on an ongoing basis.

i) Fair value hedges

Change in the fair value of a derivative hedging instrument designated as a fair value hedge and the hedged item is recognized in profit or loss, respectively. The gain or loss from remeasuring the hedging instrument at fair value and the gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in profit or loss in the same line item of the statement of comprehensive income (loss). The Group discontinues fair value hedge accounting if the hedging instrument expires or is sold, terminated or exercised; or if the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(e) Financial Instruments, Continued
--- ---

ii) Cash flow hedges

When a derivative designated as a cash flow hedging instrument meets the criteria of cash flow hedge accounting, the effective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized in other comprehensive income and the ineffective portion of changes in the fair value of the derivative is recognized in profit or loss. The Group discontinues cash flow hedge accounting if the hedging instruments expires or is sold, terminated or exercised; or if the hedge no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting. The cumulative gain or loss on the hedging instrument that has been recognized in other comprehensive income is reclassified to profit or loss in the periods during which the forecasted transaction occurs. If the forecasted transaction is no longer expected to occur, then the balance in other comprehensive income is recognized immediately in profit or loss.

Embedded derivative

Embedded derivatives are separated from the host contract and accounted for separately if the host contract is not a financial asset and certain criteria are met.

Other derivative financial instruments

Other derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value and changes of their fair value are recognized in profit or loss.

(iv) Financial guarantee agreement

A financial guarantee agreement is a contract in which a certain amount of money must be paid to compensate for the loss incurred by the holder due to the failure of a particular debtor to pay on the due date in accordance with the terms of the original contract or the changed terms of the debt product. Financial guarantee contracts are measured at fair value at the time of initial recognition, and after initial recognition, they are measured by the higher of the following and displayed as ‘Financial Liabilities’ in the consolidated statement of financial position.

The amount determined in accordance with the expected credit loss model
The amount initially recognized less, where appropriate, the cumulative amount of income recognized in accordance<br>with Korean IFRS 1115 Revenue from Contracts with Customers
--- ---
(f) Property, Plant and Equipment
--- ---

(i) Recognition and measurement

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes an expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. The cost of self-constructed assets includes the cost of materials and direct labor, any costs directly attributable to bringing the assets to a working condition for their intended use, the costs of dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site on which they are located and borrowing costs on qualifying assets.

The gain or loss arising from the derecognition of an item of property, plant and equipment is determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds, if any, and the carrying amount of the item and recognized in other non-operating income or other non-operating expenses.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(f) Property, Plant and Equipment, Continued
--- ---

(ii) Subsequent costs

Subsequent expenditure on an item of property, plant and equipment is recognized as part of its cost only if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property, plant and equipment are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

(iii) Depreciation

Land is not depreciated and depreciation of other items of property, plant and equipment is recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis, reflecting the pattern in which the asset’s future economic benefits are expected to be consumed by the Group. The residual value of property, plant and equipment is zero.

Typical estimated useful lives of the assets are as follows:

Typical estimated useful lives (years)
Buildings and structures 20~40
Machinery 4, 5
Furniture and fixtures 4
Equipment, tools and vehicles 2, 4, 12
Right-of-use<br>assets (*)
(*) The Group depreciates the<br>right-of-use assets from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the<br>right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term.
--- ---

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each financial year-end and adjusted if appropriate and any changes are accounted for as changes in accounting estimates.

(g) Borrowing Costs

The Group capitalizes borrowing costs, which includes interests and exchange differences arising from foreign currency borrowings to the extent that they are regarded as an adjustment to interest costs, directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset as part of the cost of that asset. A qualifying asset is an asset that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale. To the extent that the borrowings are directly attributable to the purpose of obtaining a qualifying asset, the Group determines the amount of borrowing costs eligible for capitalization as the actual borrowing costs incurred on that borrowing during the period less any investment income on the temporary investment of those borrowings. The Group immediately recognizes other borrowing costs as an expense.

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(h) Government Grants
--- ---

In case there is reasonable assurance that the Group will comply with the conditions attached to a government grant, the government grant is recognized as follows:

(i) Grants related to the purchase or construction of assets

A government grant related to the purchase or construction of assets is deducted in calculating the carrying amount of the asset. The grant is recognized in profit or loss over the life of a depreciable asset as a reduced depreciation expense and cash related to grant received is presented in investing activities in the statement of cash flows.

(ii) Grants for compensating the Group’s expenses incurred

A government grant that compensates the Group for expenses incurred is recognized in profit or loss as a deduction from relevant expenses on a systematic basis in the periods in which the expenses are recognized.

(iii) Other government grants

A government grant that becomes receivable for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to the Group with no compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or no future related costs is recognized as other non-operating income of the period in which it becomes receivable.

(i) Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are initially measured at cost. Subsequently, intangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated amortization and accumulated impairment losses.

(i) Goodwill

Goodwill arising from business combinations is recognized as the excess of the acquisition cost of a business over the net fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Any deficit is a bargain purchase that is recognized in profit or loss. Goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

(ii) Research and development

Expenditure on research activities, undertaken with the prospect of gaining new scientific or technical knowledge and understanding, is recognized in profit or loss as incurred. Development activities involve a plan or design of the production of new or substantially improved products and processes. Development expenditure is capitalized as intangible assets only if the Group can demonstrate all of the following:

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(i) Intangible Assets, Continued
--- ---
the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale,<br>
--- ---
its intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it,
--- ---
its ability to use or sell the intangible asset,
--- ---
how the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits (among other things, the Group can<br>demonstrate the usefulness of the intangible asset by existence of a market for the output of the intangible asset or the intangible asset itself if it is to be used internally),
--- ---
the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or<br>sell the intangible asset, and
--- ---
its ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development.<br>
--- ---

Development projects are divided into research activities and development activities. Expenditures on research activities are recognized in profit or loss and qualifying development expenditures on development activities are capitalized.

The expenditure capitalized includes the cost of materials, direct labor and overhead costs that are directly attributable to preparing the asset for its intended use and borrowing costs on qualifying assets.

(iii) Other intangible assets

Other intangible assets include intellectual property rights, software, customer relationships, technology, memberships and others. The Group currently has a number of patent license agreements related to product production. When the amount of payments is determined, it is recognized as intangible assets as intellectual property rights and other account payables, respectively, and the intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the patent license period.

(iv) Subsequent costs

Subsequent expenditures are capitalized only when they increase the future economic benefits embodied in the specific intangible asset to which they relate. All other expenditures, including expenditures on internally generated goodwill and brands, are recognized in profit or loss as incurred.

(v) Amortization

Amortization is calculated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of intangible assets, other than goodwill, from the date that they are available for use. The residual value of intangible assets is zero. However, as there are no foreseeable limits to the periods over which condominium and golf club memberships are expected to be available for use, these intangible assets are regarded as having indefinite useful lives and not amortized.

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(i) Intangible Assets, Continued
--- ---

Typical estimated useful lives of the intangible assets are as follows:

Typical estimated useful lives (years)
Intellectual property rights 5, 10, (*1)
Software 4, (*1)
Technology 10
Development costs (*2)
Condominium and golf club memberships Indefinite
(*1) Patent royalty (included in intellectual property rights) and software license are amortized over the useful<br>lives considering the contract period.
--- ---
(*2) Capitalized development costs are amortized over the useful lives considering the life cycle of the developed<br>products.
--- ---

Amortization periods and the amortization methods for intangible assets with finite useful lives are reviewed at each financial year-end. The useful lives of intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are reviewed at each financial year-end to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support indefinite useful life assessments for those assets. If appropriate, the changes are accounted for as changes in accounting estimates.

(j) Investment Property

Property held to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both is classified as investment property. Investment properties are initially measured at cost, including transaction costs incurred at the time of acquisition, and subsequently, measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment loss.

Subsequent expenditure on an item of investment property is recognized as part of its cost only if it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of those parts that are replaced is derecognized. All other subsequent expenditures are expensed in the period in which it is incurred.

Among investment properties, land is not depreciated, and investment properties except land are depreciated on a straight-line basis by applying 20 years of the building according to the economic depreciation period. Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values of investment properties are reviewed at each reporting period-end and if appropriate, the changes are accounted for as changes in accounting estimates.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(k) Impairment
--- ---

(i) Financial assets

Financial instruments and contract assets

The Group recognizes loss allowance for financial assets measured at amortized cost and debt investments at FVOCI at the ‘expected credit loss’ (ECL).

The Group recognizes a loss allowance for the life-time expected credit losses except for following, which are measured at 12-month ECLs:

debt instruments that are determined to have low credit risk at the reporting date; and
other debt instruments and bank deposits for which credit risk (i.e. the risk of default occurring over the<br>expected life of the financial instrument) has not increased significantly since initial recognition.
--- ---

When determining whether the credit risk of a financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition and when estimating ECLs, the Group considers reasonable and supportable information that is relevant and available without undue cost or effort. This includes both qualitative and quantitative information and analysis, based on the Group’s historical experience and informed credit assessment including forward-looking information.

Lifetime ECLs are the ECLs that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument.

12-month ECLs are the portion of the ECLs that result from default events that are possible within the 12 months after the reporting date (or a shorter period if the expected life of the instrument is less than 12 months).

The maximum period considered when estimating ECLs is the maximum contractual period over which the Group is exposed to credit risk.

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(k) Impairment, Continued
--- ---

Estimation of expected credit losses

Expected credit losses are a probability-weighted estimate of credit losses. Credit losses are measured using the present value of the difference between the contractual cash flows and the expected contractual cash flows. The expected credit losses are discounted using effective interest rate of the financial assets.

Credit-impaired financial assets

At each reporting period-end, the Group assesses whether financial assets carried at amortized cost and debt instruments at FVOCI are credit-impaired. A financial asset is ‘credit-impaired’ when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.

Evidence that a financial asset is credit-impaired includes the following observable data:

significant financial difficulty of the issuer or the borrower;
the lender(s) of the borrower, for economic or contractual reasons relating to the borrower’s financial<br>difficulty, having granted to the borrower a concession(s) that the lender(s) would not otherwise consider;
--- ---
it is probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization; or<br>
--- ---
the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties.
--- ---

Presentation of loss allowance for ECL in the consolidated statement of financial position

Loss allowances for financial assets measured at amortized cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets. For debt instruments at FVOCI, the loss allowance is charged to profit or loss and is recognized in OCI instead of reducing the carrying amount of financial assets in the consolidated statement of financial position.

Write-off

The gross carrying amount of a financial asset is written off when the Group has no reasonable expectations for recovering the financial asset in its entirety or a portion thereof. The Group assess whether there are reasonable expectations of recovering the contractual cash flows from customers and individually assess the timing and amount of write-off. The Group expects no significant recovery from the amount written-off. However, financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Group’s procedures for recovery of amounts due.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(k) Impairment, Continued
--- ---

(ii) Non-financial assets

The carrying amounts of the Group’s non-financial assets, other than assets arising from employee benefits, inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated. For goodwill, and intangible assets that have indefinite useful lives or that are not yet available for use, irrespective of whether there is any indication of impairment, the recoverable amount is estimated each year.

Recoverable amount is estimated for the individual asset. If it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of the individual asset, the Group determines the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. The cash-generating unit (“CGU”) is the smallest group of assets that includes the asset and generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets. In identifying whether cash inflows from an asset or group of assets are largely independent of the cash inflows from other assets or groups of assets, the Group considers various factors including how management monitors the entity’s operations or how management makes decisions about continuing or disposing of the entity’s assets and operations. Goodwill arising from a business combination is allocated to CGUs or groups of CGUs that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit is determined as the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU. Fair value less costs to sell is based on the best information available to reflect the amount that the Group could obtain from the disposal of the asset in an arm’s length transaction between knowledgeable, willing parties, after deducting the costs of disposal.

An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or its CGU exceeds its estimated recoverable amount. Impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognized in respect of a CGU are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit, and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the unit on a pro rata basis.

In respect of assets other than goodwill, impairment losses recognized in prior periods are assessed at each reporting date for any indications that the loss has decreased or no longer exists. An impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. An impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of accumulated depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized from the acquisition cost. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(l) Leases
--- ---

A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

(i) As a lessee

At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Group allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease and non-lease component on the basis of its relative stand-alone price. For certain leases, the Group accounts for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component by applying the practical expedient not to separate non-lease components.

The Group recognizes a right-of-use asset and lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located less any lease incentives received.

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term, unless the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the Group by the end of the lease term or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Group will exercise a purchase option. In that case, the right-of-use asset will be depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset, which is determined on the same basis as those of property and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.

The Group determines its incremental borrowing rate by obtaining interest rates from various external financing sources and makes certain adjustments to reflect the terms of the lease and type of the asset leased.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following:

fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments;<br>
variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, initially measured using the index or rate as at the<br>commencement date;
--- ---
amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee; and
--- ---
the exercise price under a purchase option that the Group is reasonably certain to exercise, lease payments in an<br>optional renewal period if the Group is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option, and penalties for early termination of a lease unless the Group is reasonably certain not to terminate early.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(l) Leases, Continued
--- ---

The lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Group’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, if the Group changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option or if there is a revised in-substance fixed lease payment.

When the lease liability is remeasured, the Group recognizes the amount of the remeasurement of the lease liability as an adjustment to the right-of-use asset. However, if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset is reduced to zero and there is a further reduction in the measurement of the lease liability, the Group recognizes any remaining amount of the remeasurement in profit or loss.

The Group presents right-of-use assets that do not meet the definition of investment property in ‘property, plant and equipment’ and lease liabilities in ‘financial liabilities’ in the consolidated statement of financial position.

The Group has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases of low-value assets and short-term leases. The Group recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

(ii) As a lessor

When the Group acts as a lessor, it determines at lease inception whether each lease is a finance lease or an operating lease.

To classify each lease, the Group makes an overall assessment of whether the lease transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying asset. If the lease transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership of the underlying asset, then the lease is a finance lease; if not, then it is an operating lease. As part of this assessment, the Group considers certain indicators such as whether the lease is for the major part of the economic life of the asset.

When the Group is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for its interests in the head lease and the sub-lease separately. It assesses the lease classification of a sub-lease with reference to the right-of-use asset arising from the head lease, not with reference to the underlying asset. If a head lease is a short-term lease to which the Group applies the exemption described above, then it classifies the sub-lease as an operating lease.

Contracts may contain both lease and non-lease components. The Group allocates the consideration in the contract to the lease and non-lease components based on their relative stand-alone prices.

At the commencement date, the Group recognizes assets held under a finance lease in its consolidated statement of financial position and present them as a receivable at an amount equal to the net investment in the lease and recognize finance income over the lease term, based on a pattern reflecting a constant periodic rate of return on the lessor’s net investment in the lease.

The Group recognizes lease payments received under operating leases as income on a straight-line basis over the lease term as part of ‘other revenue’.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(m) Provisions
--- ---

A provision is recognized as a result of a past event, if the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation that can be estimated reliably, and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation.

The risks and uncertainties that inevitably surround events and circumstances are taken into account in reaching the best estimate of a provision. Where the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are determined at the present value of the expected future cash flows. The unwinding of the discount is recognized as finance cost.

Provisions are reviewed at the end of each reporting period and adjusted to reflect the current best estimate. If it is no longer probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, the provision is reversed.

The Group recognizes a liability for warranty obligations based on the estimated costs expected to be incurred under its basic limited warranty. This warranty covers defective products and is normally applicable for a warranty period from the date of purchase. These liabilities are accrued when product revenues are recognized. Factors that affect the Group’s warranty liability include historical and anticipated rates of warranty claims on those repairs and cost per claim to satisfy the Group’s warranty obligation. Warranty costs primarily include raw materials and labor costs. As these factors are impacted by actual experience and future expectations, management periodically assesses the adequacy of its recorded warranty liabilities and adjusts the amounts as necessary. Accrued warranty obligations are included in the current and non-current provisions.

Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, penalties and other sources, are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment and/or remediation can be reasonably estimated.

(n) Non-current Assets (liabilities) Held for Sale<br>

Non-current assets, or disposal groups comprising assets and liabilities, are classified as held-for-sale if it is highly probable that they will be recovered primarily from sale rather than through continuing use. In order to be classified as held for sale, the asset (or disposal group) is available for immediate sale in its present condition and its sale is highly probable. The assets (or disposal groups) that are classified as non-current assets (liabilities) held for sale are measured at the lower of their carrying amount and fair value less costs to sell on initial classification. The Group recognizes an impairment loss for any subsequent decrease in fair value of the asset (or disposal group) for which an impairment loss was recognized on initial classification as held-for-sale and a gain for any subsequent increase in fair value in profit or losses, up to the cumulative impairment loss previously recognized.

The Group does not depreciate a non-current asset while it is classified as held for sale or while it is part of a disposal group classified as held for sale.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(o) Employee Benefits
--- ---

(i) Short-term employee benefits

Short-term employee benefits that are due to be settled within twelve months after the end of the period in which the employees render the related service are recognized in profit or loss on an undiscounted basis. The expected cost of profit-sharing and bonus plans and others are recognized when the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation to make payments as a result of past events and a reliable estimate of the obligation can be made.

(ii) Other long-term employee benefits

The Group’s net obligation in respect of long-term employee benefits other than pension plans is the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods.

(iii) Defined contribution plan

A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution pension plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in profit or loss in the period during which services are rendered by employees.

(iv) Defined benefit plan

A defined benefit plan is a post-employment benefit plan other than defined contribution plans. The Group’s net obligation in respect of its defined benefit plan is calculated by estimating the amount of future benefit that employees have earned in return for their service in the current and prior periods; that benefit is discounted to determine its present value. The fair value of any plan assets is deducted.

The calculation is performed annually by an independent actuary using the projected unit credit method. The discount rate is the yield at the reporting date on high quality corporate bonds that have maturity dates approximating the terms of the Group’s obligations and that are denominated in the same currency in which the benefits are expected to be paid. The Group recognizes remeasurement gains and losses arising from experience adjustments and changes in actuarial assumptions related to the defined benefit plans in other comprehensive income and transfers immediately to retained earnings.

The Group determines the net interest expense (income) on the net defined benefit liability (asset) for the period by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation at the beginning of the annual period to the then-net defined benefit liability (asset), taking into account any changes in the net defined benefit liability (asset) during the period as a result of contributions and benefit payments. Consequently, the net interest on the net defined benefit liability (asset) now comprises: interest cost on the defined benefit obligation, interest income on plan assets, and interest on the effect on the asset ceiling.

When the benefits of a plan are changed or when a plan is curtailed, the resulting change in benefit that relates to past service or the gain or loss on curtailment is recognized immediately in profit or loss. The Group recognizes gains and losses on the settlement of a defined benefit plan when the settlement occurs.

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LG DISPLAY CO., LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(o) Employee Benefits, Continued
--- ---

(v) Termination benefits

The Group recognizes expense for termination benefits at the earlier of the date when the entity can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits and when the entity recognizes costs for a restructuring involving the payment of termination benefits. If the termination benefits are not expected to be settled wholly before twelve months after the end of the annual reporting period, the Group measures the termination benefit with present value of future cash payments.

(p) Revenue from contracts with customers

Revenue from the sale of goods in the course of ordinary activities is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of estimated returns, trade discounts, volume rebates and other cash incentives paid to customers.

The Group recognizes revenue according to the five stage revenue recognition model (① Identifying the contract®② Identifying performance obligations ®③ Determining transaction price®④ Allocating the transaction price to performance obligations ®⑤ Recognizing revenue for performance obligations).

The Group generates revenue primarily from sale of display panels. Product revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control over the Group’s products, which typically occurs upon shipment or delivery depending on the terms of the contracts with the customer.

The Group includes return option in the sales contract of display panels with its customers and the consideration receivable from the customer is subject to change due to returns. The Group estimates an amount of variable consideration by using the expected value method with which the Group expects to better predict the amount of consideration. The Group includes in the transaction price an amount of variable consideration estimated only to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur during the return period when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. The Group recognizes a refund liability and an asset for its right to recover products from customers if the Group receives consideration from a customer and expects to refund some or all of that consideration to the customer. Sales taxes or value-added taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are accounted for on a net basis and are excluded from revenues in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss).

(q) Operating Segments

An operating segment is a component of the Group that: 1) engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, including revenues and expenses that relate to transactions with other components of the group, 2) whose operating results are reviewed regularly by the Group’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in order to allocate resources and assess its performance, and 3) for which discrete financial information is available. Management has determined that the CODM of the Group is the Board of Directors. The CODM does not receive and therefore does not review discrete financial information for any component of the Group. Consequently, no operating segment information is included in these consolidated financial statements. Entity wide disclosures of geographic and product revenue information are provided in Note 18 to these consolidated financial statements.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(r) Finance Income and Finance Costs
--- ---

Finance income comprises interest income on funds invested (including debt instruments measured at FVOCI), dividend income, gains on disposal of debt instruments measured at FVOCI and changes in fair value of financial instruments at FVTPL. Interest income is recognized as it accrues in profit or loss, using the effective interest method. Dividend income is recognized in profit or loss on the date that the Group’s right to receive payment is established.

Finance costs comprise interest expense on borrowings, unwinding of the discount on provisions, gain and losses from financial instruments measured at FVTPL and impairment losses recognized on financial assets. Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset are capitalized as part of the cost of that asset.

(s) Income Tax

Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive income.

(i) Current tax

Current tax comprises the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable profit or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax payable or receivable is the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received that reflects uncertainty related to income taxes, if any. The taxable profit is different from the accounting profit for the period since the taxable profit is calculated excluding the temporary differences, which will be taxable or deductible in determining taxable profit (tax loss) of future periods, and non-taxable or non-deductible items from the accounting profit.

(ii) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognized, using the asset and liability method, in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period. The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Group expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(s) Income Tax, Continued
--- ---

The Group recognizes a deferred tax liability for all taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries, associates, and interests in joint ventures, except to the extent that the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that the temporary differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future. A deferred tax asset is recognized for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that the differences relating to investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilized.

The Group reviews the carrying amount of deferred tax assets at the end of each reporting period, considering the likelihood of generating taxable income against which temporary differences, unused tax loss carryforwards, and tax credit carryforwards can be utilized. The potential taxable income is estimated based on business plans approved by management, historical experience of taxable income estimates, and tax policies including the transfer pricing of the consolidated entity. Additionally, future taxable income includes the anticipated permanent differences, considering the realization effect of temporary differences consistent with the business plan and the dividend policy of the consolidated entity. The Group recognizes deferred tax assets to the extent that it is probable that sufficient taxable income will be generated in the future, or there are sufficient taxable temporary differences available to utilize unused tax losses, etc.

The Group offsets deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities if, and only if the Group has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred tax assets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities which intend either to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis, or to realize the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

(t) Earnings Per Share

The Controlling Company presents basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) data for its common shares. Basic EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to common shareholders of the Controlling Company by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to common shareholders and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential common shares such as convertible bonds and others.

(u) Accounting standards and Interpretation issued and adopted by the Group

The Group has applied the following standards and amendments for the first time for their annual reporting period commencing January 1, 2024.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(u) Accounting standards and Interpretation issued and adopted by the Group, Continued<br>
--- ---
(i) Amendments to Korean IFRS 1001 Presentation of Financial Statements –<br>Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current, and Non-current Liabilities with Covenants
--- ---

The amendments clarify that liabilities are classified as either current or non-current, depending on the substantive rights that exist at the end of the reporting period. Classification is unaffected by the likelihood that an entity will exercise right to defer settlement of the liability or the expectations of management. Also, the settlement of liability includes the transfer of the entity’s own equity instruments, however, it would be excluded if an option to settle them by the entity’s own equity instruments if compound financial instruments is met the definition of equity instruments and recognized separately from the liability. In addition, covenants that an entity is required to comply with after the end of the reporting period would not affect classification of a liability as current or non-current at the reporting date. When an entity classifies a liability that is subject to the covenants which an entity is required to comply with within twelve months of the reporting date as non-current at the end of the reporting period, the entity shall disclose information in the notes to understand the risk that non-current liabilities with covenants could become repayable within twelve months after the reporting period. The amendments do not have a significant impact on the financial statements.

(ii) Amendments to Korean IFRS 1007 Statement of Cash Flows, Korean IFRS 1107<br>Financial Instruments: Disclosures – Supplier finance arrangements

When applying supplier finance arrangements, an entity shall disclose information about its supplier finance arrangements that enables users of financial statements to assess the effects of those arrangements on the entity’s liabilities and cash flows and on the entity’s exposure to liquidity risk. (See Note 26)

(iii) Amendments to Korean IFRS 1116 Leases – Lease Liability in a Sale and<br>Leaseback

When subsequently measuring lease liabilities arising from a sale and leaseback, a seller-lessee shall determine lease payments or revised lease payments in a way that the seller-lessee would not recognize any amount of the gain or loss that relates to the right of use retained by the seller-lessee. The amendments do not have a significant impact on the financial statements.

(iv) Amendments to Korean IFRS 1001 Presentation of Financial Statements – Disclosure<br>of Cryptographic Assets

The amendments require an additional disclosure if an entity holds cryptographic assets, or holds cryptographic assets on behalf of the customer, or issues cryptographic assets. The amendments do not have a significant impact on the financial statements.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

3. Material Accounting Policies, Continued
(v) New standards and interpretations not yet adopted by the Group
--- ---

The following new accounting standards and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for December 31, 2024 reporting periods and have not been early adopted by the Group.

(i) Amendments to Korean IFRS 1021 Effect of Exchange Rate Fluctuations, Amendments to<br>Korean IFRS 1101 First Adoption of International Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Adopted by Korea – Lack of exchangeability

The amendment requires the entity to disclose the relevant information when an entity estimates a spot exchange rate because the exchangeability between two currencies is lacking. The amendments will take effect in fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2025, and will allow for early application. The amendments do not have a significant impact on the financial statements.

(ii) Amendments to Korean IFRS 1109 Financial Instruments, Amendments to Korean IFRS 1107<br>Financial Instruments: Disclosure

Korean IFRS 1109 Financial Instruments and Korean IFRS 1107 Financial Instruments: Disclosures have been amended to respond to recent questions arising in practice, and to include new requirements. The amendments should be applied for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2026, and earlier application is permitted.

Clarify the date of recognition and derecognition of some financial assets and liabilities, with a new exception<br>for some financial liabilities settled through an electronic cash transfer system
Clarify and add further guidance for assessing whether a financial asset meets the solely payments of principal<br>and interest (SPPI) criterion
--- ---
Add new disclosures of impact on the entity and the extent to which the entity is exposed for each type of<br>financial instruments if the timing or amount of contractual cash flow changes due to amendment of contract term
--- ---
Update the disclosures for equity instruments designated at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI)<br>
--- ---
(iii) Annual Improvement to Korean IFRS – Volume 11
--- ---

Annual Improvement to Korean IFRS – Volume 11 shall be effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2026, and early application is effective. The amendments are not expected to have a significant impact on the financial statements.

Korean IFRS 1101 First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards: Hedge accounting by a<br>first-time adopter
Korean IFRS 1107 Financial Instruments: Disclosures: Gain or loss on derecognition and implementation<br>guidance
--- ---
Korean IFRS 1109 Financial Instruments: Derecognition of lease liabilities and definition of transaction<br>price
--- ---
Korean IFRS 1110 Consolidated Financial Statements: Determination of a ‘de facto agent’<br>
--- ---
Korean IFRS 1007 Statement of Cash Flows: Cost method
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

4. Cash and Cash Equivalents and Deposits in Banks

Details of Cash and cash equivalents and deposits in banks as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(In millions of won)
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash ~~W~~ 3
Deposits (*1) 2,021,640 2,257,519
Total ~~W~~ 2,021,640 2,257,522
Deposits in banks
Time deposits (*2) ~~W~~ 600 905,971
Non-current assets
Deposits in banks
Deposit for checking account ~~W~~ 11 11
(*1) As of December 31, 2024, deposits of ~~W~~158,415 million are<br>classified as assets held for sale.
--- ---
(*2) As of December 31, 2023, it includes funds deposited under agreements on mutually beneficial cooperation<br>to aid LG Group companies’ suppliers, restricted deposits pledged to guarantee the Parent Company and subsidiaries’ borrowings and others.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

5. Trade Accounts and Notes Receivable, and Other Accounts Receivable
(a) Details of trade accounts and notes receivable and other accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024 and<br>2023 are as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- ---
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Trade accounts and notes receivable ~~W~~ 3,624,477 3,218,093
Other accounts receivable
Non-trade receivables, net ~~W~~ 227,477 112,739
Accrued income, net 22,552 14,246
Subtotal 250,029 126,985
Total 3,874,506 3,345,078
(b) The aging of trade accounts and notes receivable, and other accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024<br>and 2023 are as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won) December 31, 2024
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Original amount Allowance for doubtful account
Trade accounts<br>and notes<br>receivable Other<br>accounts<br>receivable Trade accounts<br>and notes<br>receivable Other<br>accounts<br>receivable
Not past due ~~W~~ 3,609,870 207,928 (1,369 ) (464 )
1-15 days past due 15,951 37,722 (14 ) (2 )
16-30 days past due 4 1,915 (1 )
31-60 days past due 35 350 (3 )
More than 60 days past due 2,592 (8 )
Total ~~W~~ 3,625,860 250,507 (1,383 ) (478 )
(In millions of won) December 31, 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Original amount Allowance for doubtful account
Trade accounts<br>and notes<br>receivable Other<br>accounts<br>receivable Trade accounts<br>and notes<br>receivable Other<br>accounts<br>receivable
Not past due ~~W~~ 3,212,514 123,919 (932 ) (191 )
1-15 days past due 3,077 1,357 (1 )
16-30 days past due 3,435 156 (2 )
31-60 days past due 168 (2 )
More than 60 days past due 1,592 (12 )
Total ~~W~~ 3,219,026 127,192 (933 ) (207 )

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

5. Trade Accounts and Notes Receivable, and Other Accounts Receivable, Continued

The movement in the allowance for doubtful account in respect of trade accounts and notes receivable and other accounts receivable for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(In millions of won) 2024 2023
Trade accountsand notesreceivable Otheraccountsreceivable Trade accountsand notesreceivable Otheraccountsreceivable
Beginning balance ~~W~~ 933 207 875 1,778
(Reversal of) bad debt expense 450 271 58 (239 )
Write-off (1,332 )
Ending balance ~~W~~ 1,383 478 933 207

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

6. Other Financial Assets

Details of other financial assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(In millions of won) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Current assets
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Derivatives (*1) ~~W~~ 186,676 136,762
Fair value hedging derivatives
Derivatives (*2) ~~W~~ 99,116
Financial assets at amortized cost
Deposits ~~W~~ 10,429 1,356
Short-term loans 26,098 26,375
Subtotal ~~W~~ 36,527 27,731
Other financial assets
Lease receivables ~~W~~ 6,302 4,130
Total ~~W~~ 328,621 168,623
Non-current assets
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Equity securities ~~W~~ 120,501 87,027
Convertible securities 1,470 3,127
Derivatives (*1) 69,575 32,941
Subtotal ~~W~~ 191,546 123,095
Fair value hedging derivatives
Derivatives (*2) ~~W~~ 19,982
Financial assets at amortized cost
Deposits ~~W~~ 6,318 17,022
Long-term loans 11,045 33,509
Subtotal ~~W~~ 17,363 50,531
Other financial assets
Lease receivables ~~W~~ 3,761
Total ~~W~~ 232,652 173,626
(*1) The derivatives, which are not designated as hedging instruments, arise from cross currency interest rate swap<br>contracts and others for the purpose of managing currency and interest rate risks associated with foreign currency denominated borrowings and bonds.
--- ---
(*2) The derivatives, which are designated as hedging instruments, arise from forward exchange contracts for the<br>purpose of managing currency risk associated with advances received in foreign currency.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

7. Inventories

Details of inventories as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(i) As of December 31, 2024

(In millions of won) Cost Valuation allowance Carrying amount
Finished goods ~~W~~ 995,999 (51,305 ) 944,694
Work-in-process 1,184,516 (82,655 ) 1,101,861
Raw materials 477,929 (17,648 ) 460,281
Supplies 184,869 (20,463 ) 164,406
Total ~~W~~ 2,843,313 (172,071 ) 2,671,242

(ii) As of December 31, 2023

(In millions of won) Cost Valuation allowance Carrying amount
Finished goods ~~W~~ 811,580 (60,805 ) 750,775
Work-in-process 1,222,991 (77,385 ) 1,145,606
Raw materials 485,876 (28,520 ) 457,356
Supplies 199,908 (25,917 ) 173,991
Total ~~W~~ 2,720,355 (192,627 ) 2,527,728

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the amount of inventories recognized as expense and reversal of loss on valuation of inventories are as follows:

(In millions of won) 2024 2023
Cost of sales ~~W~~ 24,039,928 20,985,643
Inventories recognized as expense 24,057,293 21,039,266
Reversal of loss on valuation of inventories (17,365 ) (53,623 )

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

8. Investments in Equity Accounted Investees
(a) Details of investments in associates as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, are as follows:<br>
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Associates Location Closing Date ofincorporation Business December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Percentage ofownership Carrying<br>amount Percentage ofownership Carrying<br>amount
Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd. Paju,<br><br><br>South Korea December January<br><br><br>2005 Production of glass for display 40 % ~~W~~ 29,479 40 % ~~W~~ 24,200
WooRee E&L Co., Ltd. (*1) Ansan,<br><br><br>South Korea December June<br><br><br>2008 Production of LED back light unit packages 13 % 7,106
YAS Co., Ltd. (*1) Paju,<br><br><br>South Korea December April<br><br><br>2002 Development and production of deposition equipment for OLEDs 16 % 28,564
AVATEC Co., Ltd. (*1) Daegu,<br><br><br>South Korea December August<br><br><br>2000 Processing and sales of glass for display 14 % 20,871
Arctic Sentinel, Inc. Los Angeles, U.S.A. March June<br><br><br>2008 Development and production of tablet for kids 10 % 10 %
Cynora GmbH Bruchsal,<br><br><br>Germany December March<br><br><br>2003 Development of organic light emitting materials for displays and lighting devices 10 % 10 %
Material Science Co.,<br><br><br>Ltd.(*2) Seoul,<br><br><br>South Korea December January<br><br><br>2014 Development, production, and sales of materials for display 14 % 3,698 16 % 3,588
Total ~~W~~ 33,177 ~~W~~ 84,329

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

8. Investments in Equity Accounted Investees, Continued
(*1) For the year ended December 31, 2024, due to loss of significant influence, it has been reclassified from<br>Investments in associates to financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.
--- ---
(*2) For the year ended December 31, 2024, due to the investee’s disposal of treasury shares, the Parent<br>Company’s percentage of ownership decreased from 16% to 14%.
--- ---

Although the Parent Company’s respective share interests in Arctic Sentinel, Inc., Cynora GmbH and Material Science Co., Ltd. are below 20%, the Parent Company is able to exercise significant influence through its right to appoint one or more directors to the board of directors of each investee. Accordingly, the investments in these investees have been accounted for using the equity method.

Dividend income recognized from associates for the year ended December 31, 2024 amounted to ~~W~~200 million (dividend income recognized from associates for the year ended December 31, 2023 : ~~W~~15,200 million).

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

8. Investments in Equity Accounted Investees, Continued
(b) Summary of financial information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 of the<br>significant associate is as follows:
--- ---

Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd.

(In millions of won) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Total assets ~~W~~ 123,520 109,992
Current assets 110,055 94,705
Non-current assets 13,465 15,287
Total liabilities 48,088 47,875
Current liabilities 47,418 47,459
Non-current liabilities 670 416
Revenue 277,093 184,880
Profit (loss) for the year 10,015 (2,655 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) 3,301 (4,894 )
Total comprehensive loss 13,316 (7,549 )
(c) Reconciliation from financial information of the significant associate to its carrying amount in the<br>consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:
--- ---
(i) As of December 31, 2024
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Company Net asset Ownershipinterest Net asset(applyingownershipinterest) Intra-grouptransaction Carrying<br>amount
Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd. ~~W~~ 75,432 40 % 30,173 (694 ) 29,479
(ii) As of December 31, 2023
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Company Net asset Ownershipinterest Net asset(applyingownershipinterest) Intra-grouptransaction Carrying<br>amount
Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd. ~~W~~ 62,117 40 % 24,847 (647 ) 24,200

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

8. Investments in Equity Accounted Investees, Continued
(d) Carrying amount of other associates, in aggregate, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:<br>
--- ---
(i) As of December 31, 2024
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Book value Net profit (loss) of associates(applying ownership interest)
Profit (loss) forthe year Othercomprehensiveincome (loss) Total<br>comprehensiveincome (loss)
Other associates ~~W~~ 3,698 1,455 1,912 3,367
(ii) As of December 31, 2023
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Book value Net profit (loss) of associates<br>(applying ownership interest)
Profit (loss) forthe year Othercomprehensiveincome (loss) Total<br>comprehensiveincome (loss)
Other associates ~~W~~ 60,129 (1,634 ) (722 ) (2,356 )

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

8. Investments in Equity Accounted Investees, Continued
(e) Changes in investments in associates accounted for using the equity method for the years ended<br>December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
2024
Company January 1 Disposalsandothers Dividendsreceived Equity incomeoninvestments Othercomprehensiveincome Othergain December 31
Associates Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd. ~~W~~ 24,200 3,957 1,322 29,479
Others 60,129 (60,581 ) (200 ) 1,455 1,912 983 3,698
Total ~~W~~ 84,329 (60,581 ) (200 ) 5,412 3,234 983 33,177
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
2023
Company January 1 Dividendsreceived Equity lossoninvestments Othercomprehensiveloss Otherloss December 31
Associates Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd. ~~W~~ 42,784 (15,200 ) (1,427 ) (1,957 ) 24,200
Others 66,335 (1,634 ) (722 ) (3,850 ) 60,129
Total ~~W~~ 109,119 (15,200 ) (3,061 ) (2,679 ) (3,850 ) 84,329

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

9. Property, Plant and Equipment
(a) Changes in property, plant and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:<br>
--- ---
(i) 2024
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Land Buildingsandstructures Machinery<br>and<br>equipment Furniture<br>and<br>fixtures Construction-in-progress<br>(*1) Right-of-useasset Others<br>(*2) Total
Acquisition cost as of January 1, 2024 ~~W~~ 472,813 10,192,281 52,107,890 942,376 7,571,687 245,149 1,448,688 72,980,884
Accumulated depreciation as of January 1, 2024 (4,715,087 ) (43,466,025 ) (775,953 ) (119,804 ) (1,062,377 ) (50,139,246 )
Accumulated impairment loss as of January 1, 2024 (447,003 ) (1,860,182 ) (13,285 ) (285,626 ) (6,099 ) (29,111 ) (2,641,306 )
Book value as of January 1, 2024 ~~W~~ 472,813 5,030,191 6,781,683 153,138 7,286,061 119,246 357,200 20,200,332
Additions 1,499,468 33,865 1,533,333
Depreciation (*3) (444,982 ) (3,424,197 ) (80,195 ) (68,445 ) (305,354 ) (4,323,173 )
Disposals (47,344 ) (28,598 ) (132,473 ) (178 ) (52,377 ) (260,970 )
Impairment loss (*4) (28 ) (58,660 ) (1,275 ) (27,000 ) (7,249 ) (94,212 )
Others (*5) 873 948,851 4,186,807 42,191 (5,565,372 ) 385,812 (838 )
Government grants received (2,307 ) (2,307 )
Effect of movements in exchange rates 265,665 350,074 7,520 106,339 23,058 9,741 762,397
Classified as held for sale ~~W~~ (545,867 ) (24,526 ) (4,050 ) (9,778 ) (18,791 ) (8,677 ) (611,689 )
Book value as of December 31, 2024 ~~W~~ 426,342 5,225,232 7,676,401 117,151 3,289,718 88,933 379,096 17,202,873
Acquisition cost as of December 31, 2024 ~~W~~ 426,342 10,529,816 53,029,839 925,048 3,581,525 225,250 1,570,421 70,288,241
Accumulated depreciation as of December 31, 2024 ~~W~~ (4,813,622 ) (43,403,177 ) (793,522 ) (129,395 ) (1,161,523 ) (50,301,239 )
Accumulated impairment loss as of December 31, 2024 (490,962 ) (1,950,261 ) (14,375 ) (291,807 ) (6,922 ) (29,802 ) (2,784,129 )
(*1) As of December 31, 2024, construction-in-progress mainly relates to construction of manufacturing<br>facilities.
--- ---
(*2) Others mainly consist of tools and equipment.
--- ---
(*3) The Group has classified the depreciation as manufacturing overhead costs, selling expenses, administrative<br>expenses and research and development expenses. It includes capitalized development costs.
--- ---
(*4) Impairment losses are recognized for the difference between the carrying amount and the recoverable amount of<br>property, plant and equipment.
--- ---
(*5) Others mainly represent the reclassification of<br>construction-in-progress to other property, plant and equipment.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

9. Property, Plant and Equipment, Continued
(ii) 2023
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Land Buildingsandstructures Machinery<br>and<br>equipment Furniture<br>and<br>fixtures Construction-in-progress<br>(*1) Right-of-useasset Others<br>(*2) Total
Acquisition cost as of January 1, 2023 ~~W~~ 476,045 8,699,292 50,722,745 902,477 10,145,865 271,761 1,299,892 72,518,077
Accumulated depreciation as of January 1, 2023 (4,348,201 ) (42,744,139 ) (719,862 ) (151,550 ) (962,598 ) (48,926,350 )
Accumulated impairment loss as of January 1, 2023 (447,145 ) (1,794,407 ) (13,397 ) (356,155 ) (7,553 ) (26,137 ) (2,644,794 )
Book value as of January 1, 2023 ~~W~~ 476,045 3,903,946 6,184,199 169,218 9,789,710 112,658 311,157 20,946,933
Additions 3,392,876 74,611 3,467,487
Depreciation (*3) (376,264 ) (2,837,242 ) (75,727 ) (68,349 ) (279,200 ) (3,636,782 )
Disposals (330 ) (758 ) (506,420 ) (1,896 ) (43,368 ) (552,772 )
Impairment loss(*4) 8 (53,513 ) (6 ) (6,554 ) (60,065 )
Others (*5) (2,902 ) 1,494,070 3,963,010 60,585 (5,900,151 ) 374,182 (11,206 )
Government grants received (7,417 ) (7,417 )
Effect of movements in exchange rates 9,189 39,066 964 3,626 326 983 54,154
Book value as of December 31, 2023 ~~W~~ 472,813 5,030,191 6,781,683 153,138 7,286,061 119,246 357,200 20,200,332
Acquisition cost as of December 31, 2023 ~~W~~ 472,813 10,192,281 52,107,890 942,376 7,571,687 245,149 1,448,688 72,980,884
Accumulated depreciation as of December 31, 2023 ~~W~~ (4,715,087 ) (43,466,025 ) (775,953 ) (119,804 ) (1,062,377 ) (50,139,246 )
Accumulated impairment loss as of December 31, 2023 ~~W~~ (447,003 ) (1,860,182 ) (13,285 ) (285,626 ) (6,099 ) (29,111 ) (2,641,306 )
(*1) As of December 31, 2023, construction-in-progress mainly relates to construction of manufacturing<br>facilities.
--- ---
(*2) Others mainly consist of tools and equipment.
--- ---
(*3) The Group has classified the depreciation as manufacturing overhead costs, selling expenses, administrative<br>expenses and research and development expenses. It includes capitalized development costs.
--- ---
(*4) Impairment losses are recognized for the difference between the carrying amount and the recoverable amount of<br>property, plant and equipment.
--- ---
(*5) Others mainly represent the reclassification of<br>construction-in-progress to other property, plant and equipment.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

9. Property, Plant and Equipment, Continued
(b) Capitalized borrowing costs and capitalization rate for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as<br>follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
2024 2023
Capitalized borrowing costs ~~W~~ 41,826 258,168
Capitalization rate 5.64 % 5.18 %
(c) The Group provides a portion of property, plant and equipment as an operating lease. For the year ended<br>December 31, 2024, rental income from property, plant and equipment is ~~W~~1,755 million (2023: ~~W~~2,271 million).
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

10. Intangible Assets
(a) Changes in intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:<br>
--- ---
(i) 2024
--- ---
(In millions of won) Intellectualpropertyrights Software Memberships Developmentcosts Construction-in-progress Technology Goodwill Total
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Acquisition cost as of January 1, 2024 ~~W~~ 2,189,071 1,403,157 23,463 2,295,468 33,036 12,763 109,115 6,066,073
Accumulated amortization as of January 1, 2024 (1,299,655 ) (1,160,702 ) (1,509,575 ) (11,574 ) (3,981,506 )
Accumulated impairment loss as of January 1, 2024 (60,637 ) (19,001 ) (1,541 ) (144,432 ) (43 ) (84,958 ) (310,612 )
Book value as of January 1, 2024 ~~W~~ 828,779 223,454 21,922 641,461 33,036 1,146 24,157 1,773,955
Additions - internally generated 548,224 548,224
Additions - external purchases 49,818 110,616 160,434
Amortization (*1) (188,058 ) (122,539 ) (546,377 ) (164 ) (857,138 )
Disposals (187 ) (6,433 ) (6,620 )
Impairment loss (*2) (1,931 ) (4,517 ) (66,028 ) (72,476 )
Others (*3) 128,986 (128,148 ) 838
Effect of movements in exchange rates 1,224 5,568 73 24 5,076 11,965
Classified as held for sale (775 ) (775 )
Book value as of December 31, 2024 ~~W~~ 689,832 229,990 15,562 577,280 15,528 982 29,233 1,558,407
Acquisition cost as of December 31, 2024 ~~W~~ 2,275,735 1,482,559 15,562 2,357,041 15,528 12,763 114,191 6,273,379
Accumulated amortization as of December 31, 2024 ~~W~~ (1,525,276 ) (1,228,377 ) (1,715,408 ) (11,738 ) (4,480,799 )
Accumulated impairment loss as of December 31, 2024 ~~W~~ (60,627 ) (24,192 ) (64,353 ) (43 ) (84,958 ) (234,173 )
(*1) The Group has classified the amortization as manufacturing overhead costs, selling expenses, administrative<br>expenses and research and development expenses.
--- ---
(*2) The Group recognized an impairment loss amounting to ~~W~~66,028 million for<br>development projects which are not likely to generate probable future economic benefits.
--- ---
(*3) Others mainly represent the reclassification of<br>construction-in-progress to intangible assets.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

10. Intangible Assets, Continued
(ii) 2023
--- ---
(In millions of won) Intellectualpropertyrights Software Memberships Developmentcosts Construction-in-<br>progress Technology Goodwill Total
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Acquisition cost as of January 1, 2023 ~~W~~ 2,074,083 1,340,637 27,170 2,016,477 28,169 12,763 108,519 5,607,818
Accumulated amortization as of January 1, 2023 (1,115,014 ) (1,108,459 ) (1,358,446 ) (11,411 ) (3,593,330 )
Accumulated impairment loss as of January 1, 2023 (61,413 ) (20,605 ) (1,700 ) (92,812 ) (43 ) (84,958 ) (261,531 )
Book value as of January 1, 2023 ~~W~~ 897,656 211,573 25,470 565,219 28,169 1,309 23,561 1,752,957
Additions – internally generated 493,608 493,608
Additions – external purchases 118,344 117,443 235,787
Amortization (*1) (187,819 ) (105,285 ) (363,162 ) (163 ) (656,429 )
Disposals (202 ) (396 ) (3,796 ) (4,394 )
Impairment loss (*2) (1,633 ) (425 ) 242 (52,775 ) (54,591 )
Others (*3) 115,275 (1,429 ) (112,568 ) 1,278
Effect of movements in exchange rates 2,433 2,712 6 (8 ) 596 5,739
Book value as of December 31, 2023 ~~W~~ 828,779 223,454 21,922 641,461 33,036 1,146 24,157 1,773,955
Acquisition cost as of December 31, 2023 ~~W~~ 2,189,071 1,403,157 23,463 2,295,468 33,036 12,763 109,115 6,066,073
Accumulated amortization as of December 31, 2023 ~~W~~ (1,299,655 ) (1,160,702 ) (1,509,575 ) (11,574 ) (3,981,506 )
Accumulated impairment loss as of December 31, 2023 ~~W~~ (60,637 ) (19,001 ) (1,541 ) (144,432 ) (43 ) (84,958 ) (310,612 )
(*1) The Group has classified the amortization as manufacturing overhead costs, selling expenses, administrative<br>expenses and research and development expenses.
--- ---
(*2) The Group recognized an impairment loss amounting to ~~W~~52,775 million for<br>development projects which are not likely to generate probable future economic benefits.
--- ---
(*3) Others mainly represent the reclassification of<br>construction-in-progress to intangible assets.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

10. Intangible Assets, Continued
(b) The book value and remaining amortization period of development costs and intellectual property rights as of<br>December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
--- ---

Development costs

(i) As of December 31, 2024
(In millions of won and in years)
--- --- --- --- --- ---
Classification Category Book Value Remaining<br>amortizationperiod(*)
Development completed TV ~~W~~ 49,705 0.8
IT 49,615 0.7
Mobile and others 255,128 2.7
Subtotal ~~W~~ 354,448
Development in process TV ~~W~~ 14,802
IT 37,737
Mobile and others 170,293
Subtotal ~~W~~ 222,832
Total ~~W~~ 577,280
(*) Weighted average of the remaining useful life based on the book value at the end of the reporting period as<br>each product has a different remaining amortization period.
--- ---
(ii) As of December 31, 2023
--- ---
(In millions of won and in years)
--- --- --- --- --- ---
Classification Category Book Value Remaining<br>amortizationperiod(*)
Development completed TV ~~W~~ 43,956 0.8
IT 63,049 0.6
Mobile and others 190,487 3.0
Subtotal ~~W~~ 297,492
Development in process TV ~~W~~ 46,368
IT 175,023
Mobile and others 122,578
Subtotal ~~W~~ 343,969
Total ~~W~~ 641,461
(*) Weighted average of the remaining useful life based on the book value at the end of the reporting period as<br>each product has a different remaining amortization period.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

10. Intangible Assets, Continued

Intellectual property rights

(i) As of December 31, 2024

(In millions of won and in years)
Classification Category Book Value Remaining<br>amortizationperiod (*1)
Patent Direct additions ~~W~~ 237,364 7.0
Licenses agreement (*2) 449,617 5.1
Subtotal ~~W~~ 686,981
Other 2,851 3.7
Total ~~W~~ 689,832
(*1) Weighted average of the remaining useful life based on the book value at the end of the reporting period as<br>each patent has a different remaining amortization period.
--- ---
(*2) The Group’s rights under contracts with the patent company.
--- ---
(ii) As of December 31, 2023
--- ---
(In millions of won and in years)
--- --- --- --- --- ---
Classification Category Book Value Remaining<br>amortizationperiod (*1)
Patent Direct additions ~~W~~ 214,634 7.1
Licenses agreement (*2) 611,801 5.5
Subtotal ~~W~~ 826,435
Other 2,344 3.6
Total ~~W~~ 828,779
(*1) Weighted average of the remaining useful life based on the book value at the end of the reporting period as<br>each patent has a different remaining amortization period.
--- ---
(*2) The Group’s rights under contracts with the patent company.
--- ---
(c) The total amount of research and development expenditure recognized as an expense for the year ended<br>December 31, 2024 is ~~W~~1,447,706 million (2023: ~~W~~1,379,653 million).
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

10. Intangible Assets, Continued
(d) Details of impairment assessment on CGU
--- ---

As of December 31, 2024, the Group’s cash-generating units consist of Display CGU, Display (Large OLED) CGU and Display (AD PO) CGU. As of December 31, 2024, the Group performed impairment assessment for Display CGU, Display (Large OLED) CGU and Display (AD PO) CGU. All the goodwill balance as of December 31, 2024 is allocated to the Display CGU.

The recoverable amount of CGU is determined based on its value in use. Value in use is calculated using the estimated cash flow based on 5-year business plan approved by management. The estimated revenue and operating expenditures of the Group’s products used in the forecast was determined considering external sources and the Group’s historical experience. Management estimated the future cash flows based on its past performance and forecasts on market growth. The key assumptions used in the estimation of value in use for Display CGU include revenue and operating expenditures for the forecast period and discount rate. Terminal growth rate and the discount rate used in the estimation of value in use are as follows.

Classification Pre-taxdiscount rate(*) Post-taxdiscount rate(*) Terminal growth rate
Display CGU 9.3 % 7.6 % 1.0 %
Display (Large OLED) CGU 9.5 % 7.6 % 1.0 %
Display (AD PO) CGU 9.9 % 7.6 % 0.0 %
(*) The discount rate was calculated using the weighted average cost of equity capital and debt and the beta of<br>equity capital was calculated as the average of seven global listed companies in the same industry and the Group. Cost of debt was calculated using the yield rate of non-guaranteed corporate bond considering<br>the Group’s credit rating and debt ratio was determined using the average of the debt ratios of the seven global listed companies in the same industry and the Group. The Group calculates the value in use of the CGU using post-tax cash flows and a post-tax discount rate, and the result is not significantly different from the value in use calculated using pre-tax cash flows and pre-tax discount rate.
--- ---

As a result of impairment assessment for Display CGU to which goodwill is allocated the recoverable amount exceeded its carrying amount by ~~W~~1,250,028 million. Management has identified that a reasonably possible change in certain key assumption could cause the carrying amount to exceed the recoverable amount. The value in use determined for this CGU is sensitive to the discount rate used in the discounted cash flow model. Specifically, the discount rate would need to increase by 0.98% (holding all the other assumptions constant) for the estimated recoverable amount to be equal to the carrying amount.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

10. Intangible Assets, Continued
(d) Impairment assessment on CGU, Continued
--- ---

On the other hand, as a result of impairment assessment for Display (Large OLED) CGU and Display (AD PO) CGU, the recoverable amount exceeded its carrying amount by ~~W~~1,463,528 million and ~~W~~2,734,516 million, respectively.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

11. Investment Property
(a) Changes in investment properties for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:<br>
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
2024 2023
Beginning balance ~~W~~ 32,995 28,269
Transfer from property, plant and equipment 9,928
Depreciation (5,084 ) (4,962 )
Others (240 )
Ending balance ~~W~~ 27,911 32,995
(b) For the year ended December 31, 2024, rental income from investment property is<br>~~W~~8,891 million (2023: ~~W~~5,478 million) and rental cost is ~~W~~5,468 million (2023: ~~W~~5,429 million).<br>
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

12. Financial Liabilities
(a) Details of financial liabilities as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
--- --- --- --- ---
Current
Short-term borrowings ~~W~~ 969,595 1,875,635
Current portion of long-term borrowings 4,907,390 2,934,693
Current portion of bonds 611,882 369,716
Derivatives (*1) 3,762 26,193
Fair value hedging derivatives (*2) 7,392
Lease liabilities 34,821 48,666
Total ~~W~~ 6,527,450 5,262,295
Non-current
Long-term borrowings ~~W~~ 7,535,290 10,230,658
Bonds 525,957 1,118,427
Derivatives (*1) 7,006 37,333
Fair value hedging derivatives (*2) 28,660
Lease liabilities 23,154 24,698
Total ~~W~~ 8,091,407 11,439,776
(*1) The derivatives, which are not designated as hedging instruments, arise from cross currency interest rate swap<br>contracts and others for the purpose of managing currency and interest rate risks associated with foreign currency denominated borrowings and bonds.
--- ---
(*2) The derivatives, which are designated as hedging instruments, arise from forward exchange contracts for the<br>purpose of managing currency risk associated with advances received in foreign currency.
--- ---
(b) Details of short-term borrowings as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Lender Description Annual interest rate as of<br>December 31, 2024 (%) December 31,<br>2024 December 31,2023
Standard Chartered Bank<br><br><br>Korea Limited and others Working capital and others 3.50 ~ 6.41 ~~W~~ 969,595 1,875,635

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

12. Financial Liabilities, Continued
(c) Details of Korean won denominated long-term borrowings as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:<br>
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Lender Description LatestMaturity date Annual interest rateas of<br>December 31, 2024 (%) December 31,<br>2024 December 31,2023
LG Electronics Inc. Operating<br>capital March 2026 6.06 ~~W~~ 1,000,000 1,000,000
Korea Development Bank and others Facility<br>capital and<br>others March 2025 ~<br>March 2030 2.41 ~ 5.74 3,668,538 3,490,967
Less: current portion of long-term borrowings (1,861,000 ) (776,000 )
Total ~~W~~ 2,807,538 3,714,967
(d) Details of foreign currency denominated long-term borrowings as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as<br>follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won, and CNY)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Lender LatestMaturity date Annual interest rateas of<br>December 31, 2024 (%) December 31,<br>2024 December 31,2023
KEB Hana Bank and others Facility<br>capital and<br>others January 2025<br>~ July 2029 2.13 ~ 7.06 ~~W~~ 7,774,142 8,674,384
Foreign currency equivalent of foreign currency borrowings 2,528 3,222
CNY 20,164 CNY 24,991
Less: current portion of long-term borrowings (3,046,390 (2,158,693
Total ~~W~~ 4,727,752 6,515,691

All values are in US Dollars.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

12. Financial Liabilities, Continued
(e) Details of bonds issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:<br>
--- ---
(In millions of won and )
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Annual interest rateas of<br>December 31, 2024 (%) December 31,<br>2024 December 31,2023
Korean won denominated bonds at amortized cost (*1)
Publicly issued bonds 2.79~3.66 ~~W~~ 655,000 1,025,000
Privately issued bonds 7.20~7.25 337,000 337,000
Less: discount on bonds (705 (2,120
Less: current portion (611,882 (369,716
Subtotal ~~W~~ 379,413 990,164
Foreign currency denominated bonds at amortized cost (*2)
Privately issued bonds 6.52 ~~W~~ 147,000 128,940
Foreign currency equivalent of foreign currency<br>denominated bonds 100 100
Less: discount on bonds (456 (677
Less: foreign currency equivalent of discount on bonds of foreign currency denominated<br>bonds (0 (1
Subtotal ~~W~~ 146,544 128,263
Total ~~W~~ 525,957 1,118,427

All values are in US Dollars.

(*1) Principal of the won denominated bonds is to be repaid at maturity and interests are paid quarterly.<br>
(*2) Principal of the foreign currency denominated bonds is to be repaid at maturity and interests are paid<br>quarterly.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

13. Post-Employment Benefits

(i) Defined benefit plans

The Parent Company and certain subsidiaries’ defined benefit plans provide a lump-sum payment to an employee based on final salary rates and length of service at the time the employee leaves the Parent Company or certain subsidiaries.

The defined benefit plans expose the Group to actuarial risks, such as the risk associated with expected periods of service, interest rate risk, market (investment) risk, and others.

(a) Details of net defined benefit liabilities (defined benefit assets) recognized as of December 31, 2024 and<br>2023 are as follows:
(In millions of won) December 31,2024 December 31,2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Present value of defined benefit obligations ~~W~~ 1,444,252 1,491,146
Fair value of plan assets (1,603,911 ) (1,897,025 )
Total ~~W~~ (159,659) (405,879 )
Defined benefit liabilities, net ~~W~~ 1,093 1,559
Defined benefit assets, net ~~W~~ (160,752 ) (407,438 )
(b) Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and<br>2023 are as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won) 2024 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Defined benefit obligations at January 1 ~~W~~ 1,491,146 1,602,697
Current service cost 148,868 173,879
Interest cost 67,426 83,793
Remeasurements (before tax) 142,422 (65,505 )
Benefit payments (399,549 ) (287,100 )
Net transfers from (to) related parties (5,975 ) (16,551 )
Others (86 ) (67 )
Defined benefit obligations at December 31 ~~W~~ 1,444,252 1,491,146

Weighted average remaining maturity of defined benefit obligations as of December 31, 2024 is 9.98 years (December 31, 2023 : 12.20 years).

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

13. Post-Employment Benefits, Continued
(c) Changes in fair value of plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:<br>
--- ---
(In millions of won) 2024 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Fair value of plan assets at January 1 ~~W~~ 1,897,025 2,048,687
Interest income 86,280 107,735
Remeasurements (before tax) (11,781 ) (870 )
Contributions by employer directly to plan assets 1,499 2,219
Benefit payments (369,112 ) (260,528 )
Net transfers from (to) related parties (218 )
Fair value of plan assets at December 31 ~~W~~ 1,603,911 1,897,025

The Group is considering the amount of recent contributions and the size of plan assets when estimating the contributions expected to be paid in the fiscal year commencing after the end of the reporting period.

(d) Details of plan assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
(In millions of won) December 31,2024 December 31,2023
--- --- --- --- ---
Time deposits in banks ~~W~~ 1,603,911 1,897,025

As of December 31, 2024, the Group maintains the plan assets primarily with Shinhan Bank , KEB Hana Bank and others.

(e) Details of expenses related to defined benefit plans recognized in profit or loss for the years ended<br>December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
(In millions of won) 2024 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Current service cost ~~W~~ 148,868 173,879
Net interest cost (18,854 ) (23,942 )
Total(*) ~~W~~ 130,014 149,937
(*) The total cost related to the defined benefit plans includes capitalized amounts of ~~W~~9,885<br>million (2023: ~~W~~15,085 million).
--- ---

Details of expenses are recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) as follows:

(In millions of won) 2024 2023
Cost of sales ~~W~~ 89,052 99,141
Selling expenses 6,201 7,138
Administrative expenses 14,271 16,865
Research and development expenses 10,605 11,708
Total(*) ~~W~~ 120,129 134,852
(*) The total cost recognized in the comprehensive income statement related to defined benefit plan excludes<br>capitalized amounts of ~~W~~9,885 million (2023: ~~W~~15,085 million).
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

13. Post-Employment Benefits, Continued
(f) Details of remeasurements of the net defined benefit liabilities (assets) included in other comprehensive<br>income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won) 2024 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Balance at January 1 ~~W~~ 47,087 (2,900 )
Remeasurements
Actuarial profit or loss arising from:
Experience adjustment (21,525 ) 66,461
Demographic assumptions 7,487 (85 )
Financial assumptions (128,384 ) (871 )
Return on plan assets (11,781 ) (870 )
Group’s share of associates regarding remeasurements (85 ) 170
Subtotal ~~W~~ (154,288 ) 64,805
Income tax ~~W~~ 22,368 (14,818 )
Balance at December 31 ~~W~~ (84,833 ) 47,087

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

13. Post-Employment Benefits, Continued
(g) Details of principal actuarial assumptions as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 (expressed as weighted<br>averages) are as follows:
--- ---
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Expected rate of salary increase 4.0 % 4.0 %
Discount rate for defined benefit obligations 3.9 % 4.6 %
(h) Reasonably possible changes to respective relevant actuarial assumptions would have affected the defined<br>benefit obligations by the following amounts as of December 31, 2024:
--- ---
(In millions of won) Defined benefit obligations
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
1% increase 1% decrease
Discount rate for defined benefit obligations ~~W~~ (127,037 ) 146,746
Expected rate of salary increase 151,241 (132,836 )

(ii) Defined contribution plans

The amount recognized as an expense in relation to the defined contribution plan in 2024 is ~~W~~19,057 million (2023: ~~W~~8,534 million).

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

14. Provisions

Changes in provisions for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(i) 2024

(In millions of won)
Litigation Warranties (*) Others Total
Beginning balance ~~W~~ 1,806 173,795 5,880 181,481
Additions 5,673 113,689 117 119,479
Usage (134,801 ) (134,801 )
Ending balance ~~W~~ 7,479 152,683 5,997 166,159
Current ~~W~~ 7,479 91,775 5,997 105,251
Non-current ~~W~~ 60,908 60,908
(*) The Group provides warranty on defective products for warranty periods after sales. The provision is calculated<br>based on the assumption of expected number of warranty claims and costs per claim considering historical experience.
--- ---

(ii) 2023

(In millions of won)
Litigation Warranties (*) Others Total
Beginning balance ~~W~~ 1,680 249,368 8,432 259,480
Additions (reversal) 126 101,846 (2,552 ) 99,420
Usage (177,419 ) (177,419 )
Ending balance ~~W~~ 1,806 173,795 5,880 181,481
Current ~~W~~ 1,806 109,990 5,880 117,676
Non-current ~~W~~ 63,805 63,805
(*) The Group provides warranty on defective products for warranty periods after sales. The provision is calculated<br>based on the assumption of expected number of warranty claims and costs per claim considering historical experience.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

15. Contingent Liabilities and Commitments
(a) Legal Proceedings
--- ---

Anti-trust litigations

The Group and other LCD panel manufacturers have been sued by individual claimants on allegations of violating EU competition laws. While the Group continues its vigorous defense of this pending proceeding. As of December 31, 2024, the Group cannot predict the final outcomes of the lawsuits that have been filed.

Others

The Group is involved in various lawsuits and disputes in addition to the pending proceeding described above. The Group cannot reliably estimate the timing and amount of outflows of resources embodying economic benefits relating to the disputes.

(b) Commitments

Factoring and securitization of accounts receivable

The Parent Company has discount agreements with Korea Development Bank and other banks for accounts receivable related to export sales transactions with its subsidiary, up to USD 1,000 million (~~W~~ 1,470,000 million). As of December 31, 2024, there is no discounted accounts receivable that have not yet matured in connection with these agreements. In relation to the above agreements, the financial institutions have the recourse for accounts receivable that are past due.

The Group has assignment agreements with Standard Chartered Bank and other banks for accounts receivable related to domestic and export sales transactions, up to ~~W~~4,483,500 million. As of December 31, 2024, the amount of the accounts receivable assigned that have not matured in connection with these agreements is ~~W~~1,314,003 million. In relation to the above agreements, the financial institutions do not have the right of recourse for accounts receivable that are past due.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

15. Contingent Liabilities and Commitments, Continued

Loan commitment

As of December 31, 2024, the Group has entered into agreements with Hana Bank and other banks for credit lines and opening of letter of credits up to ~~W~~3,544,726 million.

Payment guarantees

The Parent Company received payment guarantees of USD 900 million (~~W~~1,323,000 million) from KB Kookmin Bank and other banks for advances received related to the long-term supply agreements.

The Group is provided with the guarantees for the borrowings amounting to USD 1,025 million (~~W~~ 1,506,750 million) by the Export-Import Bank of Korea and Korea Trade Insurance Corporation.

The Group has entered into guarantee agreements with Seoul Guarantee Insurance Co., Ltd., China Construction Bank Corporation and other banks up to ~~W~~2,021 million, CNY 913 million (~~W~~183,760 million), JPY 900 million (~~W~~8,428 million), VND 76,157 million (~~W~~4,394 million), and USD 0.2 million (~~W~~269 million) for the payment of consumption tax, import value-added tax, customs duties, and electricity charges.

Patent and License agreements

As of December 31, 2024, the Group has patent license agreements with Hitachi Display, Ltd. and others in relation to its LCD business and patent license agreements with Universal Display Corporation and others in relation to its OLED business. Also, as of December 31, 2024, the Group has a trademark license agreement with LG Corp. and other license agreements with other companies for patents, trademarks and other intellectual property rights.

Long-term Supply Agreement

As of December 31, 2024, in connection with long-term supply agreements with customers, the Parent Company recognized advances received amounting to USD 750 million (~~W~~1,102,500 million). The advances received will be used to offset against accounts receivable arising from future product sales after a certain period of time from the date of receipt. In relation to this, the Parent Company received payment guarantees of USD 900 million (~~W~~1,323,000 million) from KB Kookmin Bank and other banks (see note 15(b) payment guarantees).

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

15. Contingent Liabilities and Commitments, Continued

Collateral

Details of collateral provided by the Group are as follows:

(In millions of won and CNY)
Collateral Carryingamount Maximumbondamount Secured creditor Collateralborrowingsamount
Property, plant and equipment and others ~~W~~ 437,583 1,200,000 LG Electronics Inc. 1,000,000
Property, plant and equipment and others 67,974 326,400 Korea Development Bank and others 136,000
Property, plant and equipment and others (*) 237,283 780,000 Korea Development Bank and others 650,000
Property, plant and equipment and others 746,738 China Construction Bank Corporation and others CNY 6,000
(*) The carrying amount of collateral amounting to ~~W~~237,283 million includes<br>the collateral of ~~W~~67,974 million for collateralized borrowings of ~~W~~136,000 million from Korea Development Bank and other banks.
--- ---

Commitments for asset acquisition

The amount committed to acquire property, plant, equipment and intangible assets not recognized on the financial statements as of December 31, 2024 is ~~W~~465,422 million.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

16. Share Capital, Share Premium and Reserves
(a) Share capital and Share Premium
--- ---

The total number of shares to be issued by the Parent Company is 500,000,000 shares, the number of shares issued is 500,000,000 shares (December 31, 2023: 357,815,700 shares), and the par value per share is ~~W~~5,000.

The Parent Company conducted a paid-in capital increase as below based on the resolution of the board of directors on December 18, 2023, and the newly issued shares were listed on the Korea Exchange (KRX) on March 26, 2024.

With the new shares of common stock, the share capital increased by ~~W~~710,921 million to ~~W~~2,500,000 million.

Classification Description
Purpose Funding for capital and operating expenditures and repayment of debts
Type of shares issued Common stock
Number of shares issued 142,184,300 shares
The amount per shares ~~W~~9,090

Capital surplus as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(In millions of won)
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Share premium ~~W~~ 2,821,006 2,251,113
Other capital surplus (47,419 )
Total ~~W~~ 2,773,587 2,251,113
(b) Reserves
--- ---

Reserves consist mainly of the following:

Translation reserve

The translation reserve comprises all foreign currency differences arising from the translation of the financial statements of overseas subsidiaries and others.

Other comprehensive income (loss) from associates

The other comprehensive income (loss) from associates comprises the amount related to change in equity of investments in equity accounted investees.

Other comprehensive income (loss) held for sale

The other comprehensive income (loss) held for sale comprises the translation reserve from the disposal groups held for sale.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

16. Share Capital, Share Premium and Reserves, Continued

Reserves as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(In millions of won)
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Foreign currency translation differences ~~W~~ 1,025,319 548,792
Other comprehensive loss from associates (29,496 ) (32,816 )
Other comprehensive income held for sale 291,363
Total ~~W~~ 1,287,186 515,976

The movement in reserves for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

Foreign currencytranslationdifferences Othercomprehensiveincome (loss) fromassociates(excludingremeasurements) Othercomprehensiveincome (loss)held for sale Total
January 1, 2023 ~~W~~ 509,620 (29,992 ) 479,628
Change in reserves 39,172 (2,824 ) 36,348
December 31, 2023 ~~W~~ 548,792 (32,816 ) 515,976
January 1, 2024 ~~W~~ 548,792 (32,816 ) 515,976
Change in reserves 476,527 3,320 291,363 771,210
December 31, 2024 ~~W~~ 1,025,319 (29,496 ) 291,363 1,287,186

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

17. Revenue

Details of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(In millions of won)
2024 2023
Sales of goods ~~W~~ 26,455,920 21,254,395
Royalties(*) 60,638 16,256
Others(*) 98,789 60,168
Total ~~W~~ 26,615,347 21,330,819
(*) It includes license revenue and rental income recognized over the period.
--- ---

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the revenue recognized by satisfying performance obligation for the amount received from the customer in prior reporting periods is ~~W~~589,055 million.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

18. Information about geographical areas and products

Details of information of geographical areas and products for the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023 are as follows:

(a) Revenue by geography (Customer based)
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- ---
Geography 2024 2023
Domestic ~~W~~ 1,007,200 633,529
Foreign
China 18,150,480 14,704,357
Asia (excluding China) 3,228,369 2,397,980
North America 2,282,754 2,079,628
Europe 1,946,544 1,515,325
Subtotal ~~W~~ 25,608,147 20,697,290
Total ~~W~~ 26,615,347 21,330,819

Revenue from Customer A and Customer B amount to ~~W~~14,281,844 million and ~~W~~3,767,278 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the year ended December 31, 2023: ~~W~~11,119,769 million and ~~W~~ 3,371,229 million, respectively). The aggregated revenues from the Group’s top ten customers accounted for 89% of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the year ended December 31, 2023: 87%).

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

18. Information about geographical areas and products, Continued
(b) Non-current assets by geography
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Geography Property, plantand equipment Intangible<br>assets InvestmentProperty Property, plant<br>and equipment Intangible<br>assets InvestmentProperty
Domestic ~~W~~ 11,913,201 1,485,876 27,911 13,583,136 1,683,116 32,995
Foreign
China 2,099,653 16,792 3,358,395 32,009
Vietnam 3,181,152 41,574 3,244,729 31,472
Others 8,867 14,165 14,072 27,358
Subtotal ~~W~~ 5,289,672 72,531 6,617,196 90,839
Total ~~W~~ 17,202,873 1,558,407 27,911 20,200,332 1,773,955 32,995
(c) Revenue by type of products and services
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- ---
2024 2023
TV ~~W~~ 5,972,637 4,331,474
IT 9,419,615 7,853,034
Mobile and others(*) 8,942,349 7,146,998
AUTO 2,280,746 1,999,313
Total(*) ~~W~~ 26,615,347 21,330,819
(*) This includes royalties and other revenue.
--- ---

For the year ended December 31, 2024, the revenue from OLED products comprised 55% (for the year ended December 31, 2023 : 48%) of the total revenue.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

19. The Nature of Expenses

The classification of expenses by nature for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(In millions of won)
2024 2023
Changes in inventories ~~W~~ (143,513 ) 345,190
Purchases of raw materials 12,973,989 10,810,985
Depreciation and amortization 5,125,637 4,213,742
Outsourcing 1,159,520 922,565
Labor 3,714,001 3,439,608
Supplies and others 987,265 938,568
Utility 1,397,669 1,193,025
Fees and commissions 740,863 704,763
Shipping 172,081 124,770
Advertising 67,092 76,404
Warranty 113,689 101,846
Travel 53,244 66,201
Taxes and dues 135,982 129,784
Others 678,424 773,532
Total(*) ~~W~~ 27,175,943 23,840,983
(*) Total expenses consist of cost of sales, selling, administrative, research and development expenses.<br>
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

20. Selling and Administrative Expenses

Details of selling and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(In millions of won)
2024 2023
Salaries ~~W~~ 579,784 372,966
Expenses related to defined benefit plans 22,596 24,822
Other employee benefits 84,007 86,692
Shipping 119,325 91,960
Fees and commissions 246,020 253,495
Depreciation and amortization 266,159 264,982
Taxes and dues 63,382 65,528
Advertising 67,092 76,404
Warranty 113,689 101,846
Insurance 14,216 13,610
Travel 13,122 18,421
Training 9,306 9,775
Others 89,611 95,186
Total ~~W~~ 1,688,309 1,475,687
21. Other Non-operating Income and Other<br>Non-operating Expenses
--- ---
(a) Details of other non-operating income for the years ended<br>December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- ---
2024 2023
Foreign currency gain ~~W~~ 1,972,046 1,398,181
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment 51,792 34,961
Gain on disposal of intangible assets 25 1,989
Reversal of impairment loss on property, plant and equipment 4,314 7
Rental income 1,755 2,271
Others 70,511 34,849
Total ~~W~~ 2,100,443 1,472,258
(b) Details of other non-operating expenses for the years ended<br>December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- ---
2024 2023
Foreign currency loss ~~W~~ 2,479,014 1,516,528
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment 76,771 102,453
Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment 98,525 60,072
Impairment loss on intangible assets 72,490 54,833
Others 71,181 52,348
Total ~~W~~ 2,797,981 1,786,234

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

22. Finance Income and Finance Costs

Details of finance income and costs recognized in profit or loss for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(In millions of won)
2024 2023
Finance income
Interest income ~~W~~ 87,692 134,664
Foreign currency gain 375,557 560,633
Gain on transaction of derivatives 274,173 178,610
Gain on valuation of derivatives 145,078 239,973
Gain on valuation of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 532 5,288
Others 62 3,126
Total ~~W~~ 883,094 1,122,294
Finance costs
Interest expense ~~W~~ 909,640 723,429
Foreign currency loss 861,409 512,456
Loss on sale of trade accounts and notes receivable 26,178 48,600
Loss on valuation of derivatives 5,771 316,467
Loss on valuation of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 9,122 18,562
Others 9,792 15,020
Total ~~W~~ 1,821,912 1,634,534

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

23. Income Tax Benefit (Expense)
(a) Details of income tax benefit (expense) for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:<br>
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
2024 2023
Current tax benefit (expense)
Current year ~~W~~ (191,865 ) (260,556 )
Adjustment for prior years (32,276 ) 67,985
Subtotal ~~W~~ (224,141 ) (192,571 )
Deferred tax benefit
Changes in temporary differences ~~W~~ 6,381 955,283
Income tax benefit (expense) (217,760 ) 762,712
(b) Details of income tax benefit (expense) recognized in equity for the years ended December 31, 2024 and<br>2023 are as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won) 2024 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Before tax Incometax effect Net of tax Beforetax Incometax effect Net oftax
Remeasurements of net defined benefit liabilities (assets) ~~W~~ (154,203 ) 22,368 (131,835 ) 64,635 (14,818 ) 49,817
Foreign currency translation differences 997,729 (71,092 ) 926,637 43,572 (20,429 ) 23,143
Acquisition of non-controlling shareholders’<br>interests in subsidiaries (61,512 ) 14,093 (47,419 )
Change in equity of equity method investee 3,235 3,235 (2,679 ) 25 (2,654 )
Total ~~W~~ 785,249 (34,631 ) 750,618 105,528 (35,222 ) 70,306

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

23. Income Tax Benefit (Expense), Continued
(c) Reconciliation of the effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:<br>
--- ---
(In millions of won) 2024 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Loss for the year ~~W~~ (2,409,300 ) (2,576,729 )
Income tax benefit (expense) (217,760 ) 762,712
Loss before income tax (2,191,540 ) (3,339,441 )
Income tax benefit using the statutory tax rate of each country 527,019 789,941
Income not subject to tax (Expenses not deductible for tax purposes) 2,704 (19,759 )
Tax credit 22,854 207,745
Change in unrecognized deferred tax assets (*1) (703,714 ) (156,783 )
Adjustment for prior years (13,807 ) 10,726
Effect on change in tax rate (54,821 ) (60,134 )
Others 2,005 (9,024 )
Total ~~W~~ (217,760 ) 762,712
Effective tax rate (*2) (*2)
(*1) The effect of changes in deferred tax assets related to tax loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards<br>that are not realizable based on the estimates of future taxable profit.
--- ---
(*2) Actual effective tax rate is not calculated due to loss before income tax for the years ended December 31, 2024<br>and 2023.
--- ---
(d) Global Minimum Tax
--- ---

Under Pillar Two legislation, the Group is liable to pay a top-up tax for the difference between the GloBE effective tax rate per jurisdiction and the 15% minimum rate. The Group has assessed its impact of the Pillar Two legislation on its financial statements. As a result of the assessment, the Group has no current tax expenses related to Pillar Two legislation for the year ended December 31, 2024.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

24. Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
(a) Details of the recovery and settlement timings for deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31,<br>2024 and 2023 are as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- ---
2024 2023
Deferred tax assets
Deferred tax asset to be recovered after more than 12 months ~~W~~ 3,694,831 3,879,071
Deferred tax asset to be recovered within 12 months 493,850 370,009
Total deferred tax assets 4,188,681 4,249,080
Deferred tax liabilities
Deferred tax liability to be settled after more than 12 months ~~W~~ 496,851 588,669
Deferred tax liability to be settled within 12 months 187,653 99,619
Total deferred tax liabilities 684,504 688,288
Deferred tax assets after offsetting ~~W~~ 3,504,177 3,560,792

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

24. Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Continued
(b) Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as<br>follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won) January 1,2023 Profit orloss for2023 Othercomprehensiveloss for 2023 December 31,2023 Profit orloss for2024 Othercomprehensiveincome (loss)and others for2024 Classifiedas heldfor sale December 31,2024
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Other accounts Receivable ~~W~~ (2,009 ) 1,948 (61 ) (4,409 ) (4,470 )
Inventories 62,014 (10,286 ) 51,728 12,897 (1,498 ) 63,127
Defined benefits assets and others (95,850 ) 20,915 (14,818 ) (89,753 ) 53,721 22,368 (13,664 )
Subsidiaries and associates (252,375 ) 183,130 (20,404 ) (89,649 ) (3,731 ) (56,999 ) (150,379 )
Accrued expenses 111,293 (13,426 ) 97,867 8,902 (176 ) 106,593
Tangible and Intangible Assets 708,093 (130,785 ) 577,308 (58,721 ) 60,747 579,334
Provisions 57,210 (17,624 ) 39,586 (4,666 ) 34,920
Other temporary differences 86,252 (27,521 ) 58,731 (8,413 ) (15,100 ) 35,218
Tax loss carryforwards 1,795,132 971,688 2,766,820 14,365 (72,338 ) 2,708,847
Tax credit carryforwards 170,971 (22,756 ) 148,215 (3,564 ) 144,651
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) ~~W~~ 2,640,731 955,283 (35,222 ) 3,560,792 6,381 (34,631 ) (28,365 ) 3,504,177

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

24. Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Continued
(c) Details of deductible (taxable) temporary differences, tax credit carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards<br>unrecognized as deferred tax assets (liabilities) as of December 31, 2024, are as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- ---
Amount Reason
Investments with its subsidiary (1,125,864 ) Unlikely to reverse (dispose of) in the<br><br><br>foreseeable future
Tax credit carryforwards (*1) 949,968 Uncertainty of future taxable profit
Tax loss carryforwards (*2) 2,946,346 Uncertainty of future taxable profit
(*1) Unrecognized tax credit carryforwards due to the low probability of realization in the future as of<br>December 31, 2024, will be expired from 2025.
--- ---
(*2) Unrecognized tax loss carryforwards due to the low probability of realization in the future as of<br>December 31, 2024, will be expired from 2029.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

25. Loss per Share
(a) Basic loss per share for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
--- ---
(In won and No. of shares) 2024 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Loss attributable to owners of the Controlling Company for the year ~~W~~ (2,562,606,429,762 ) (2,733,741,837,803 )
Weighted-average number of common stocks outstanding 471,252,355 380,884,673
Basic loss per share ~~W~~ (5,438 ) (7,177 )

Due to paid-in capital increase for the year ended December 31, 2024, the number of outstanding shares has increased. The weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for previous period has been adjusted considering a bonus element in a rights issue to existing shareholders for the year ended December 31, 2024.

(b) Diluted loss per share is not different from basic loss per share as there are no dilution effects of potential<br>common stocks.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management

The Group is exposed to credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk. The Group identifies and analyzes such risks, and controls are implemented under a risk management system to monitor and manage these risks at below an acceptable level.

(a) Market risk

Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and equity prices, which will affect the Group’s income or the value of its holdings of financial instruments. The objective of market risk management is to manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable parameters, while optimizing the return.

(i) Currency risk

The Group is exposed to currency risk on sales, purchases and borrowings that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the Parent Company, Korean won (KRW). The currencies in which these transactions primarily are denominated are USD, CNY, JPY, etc.

Interest on borrowings is accrued in the currency of the borrowing. Generally, borrowings are denominated in currencies that match the cash flows generated by the underlying operations of the Group, primarily KRW, USD, and CNY.

The Group adopts policies to ensure that its net exposure is kept to a manageable level by buying or selling foreign currencies at spot rates when necessary to address short-term imbalances. In respect of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies, the Group manages currency risk through continuously managing the position of foreign currencies, measuring the currency risk and, if necessary, using derivatives such as currency forwards, currency swap and others.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued
i) Exposure to currency risk
--- ---

The Group’s exposure to foreign currency risk for major foreign currencies based on notional amounts as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

(In millions)
December 31, 2023
(215 ) (859 )
(13,932 ) (23,398 )
CNY (26,923 ) (19,043 )
VND (1,485,175 ) (1,796,335 )

All values are in US Dollars.

Net exposure is the difference between foreign currency assets and liabilities and it includes derivatives assets and liabilities from cross currency interest rate swap contracts and forward exchange contracts.

Cross currency interest rate swap contracts, USD 500 million (2023: USD 500 million) and CNY 726 million (2023: CNY 345 million) were entered into to manage currency risk with respect to foreign currency denominated borrowings and USD 980 million (2023: USD 1,430 million) were entered into to manage currency risk and interest rate risk with respect to foreign currency denominated borrowings and bonds.

Forward exchange contracts, USD 750 million (2023: USD 1,200 million) were entered into to manage currency risk with respect to advances received in foreign currency.

Average exchange rates applied for the years periods ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and the exchange rates as of December 31 and 2023 are as follows:

(In won) Reporting date spot rate
2023 December 31,<br>2024 December 31,<br>2023
1,363.09 1,306.12 1,470.00 1,289.40
9.01 9.32 9.36 9.13
CNY 189.13 184.28 201.27 180.84
VND 0.0544 0.0548 0.0577 0.0532

All values are in Japanese Yen.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued
ii) Sensitivity analysis
--- ---

A weaker won, as indicated below, against the following currencies which comprise the Group’s assets or liabilities denominated in a foreign currency as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 would have increased (decreased) equity and profit or loss by the amounts shown below. This analysis is based on foreign currency exchange rate variances that the Group considers to be reasonably possible at the end of the reporting period. The analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular interest rates, would remain constant. The changes in equity and profit or loss would have been as follows:

(In millions of won) December 31, 2023
Profitor loss Equity Profitor loss
(5 percent weakening) (7,533 ) (27,651 ) (68,615 ) 44,361
(5 percent weakening) (5,001 ) (5,123 ) (8,160 ) (8,480 )
CNY (5 percent weakening) (270,943 ) (1 ) (172,198 ) (2 )
VND (5 percent weakening) (3,303 ) (3,303 ) (3,683 ) (3,683 )

All values are in Japanese Yen.

A stronger won against the above currencies as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 would have had the equal but opposite effect on the above currencies to the amounts shown above, on the basis that all other variables remain constant.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued
iii) Fair value hedging derivatives
--- ---

In relation to advances received that are denominated in foreign currency, the Group uses derivative instruments to hedge change of fair value due to foreign currency exchange rate changes.

Hedging<br>instrument Contractor Contract amount<br><br><br>(In millions) Contract<br><br><br>exchange rate Maturity date Change in value<br><br><br>(In millions of won) Ineffective portion of<br>risk hedging<br><br><br>(In millions of won)
Forward Standard Chartered Bank Korea Limited<br><br><br>and others USD 750 1,289.11 ~ 1,310,08 2025.01 ~ 2026.01 155,149 19,699
(ii) Interest rate risk
--- ---

Interest rate risk arises principally from the Group’s variable interest-bearing bonds and borrowings. The Group establishes and applies its policy to reduce uncertainty arising from fluctuations in interest rates and to minimize finance cost and manages interest rate risk by monitoring of trends of fluctuations in interest rate and establishing plan for countermeasures. Meanwhile, the Group entered into cross currency interest rate swap contracts amounting to USD 980 million (~~W~~1,440,600 million) and interest rate swap contracts amounting to ~~W~~915,000 million in notional amount to hedge interest rate risk with respect to variable interest bearing borrowings.

i) Profile

The interest rate profile of the Group’s interest-bearing financial instruments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

(In millions of won) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Fixed rate instruments
Financial assets ~~W~~ 2,023,710 3,163,490
Financial liabilities (4,722,962 ) (6,333,238 )
Total ~~W~~ (2,699,252) (3,169,748 )
Variable rate instruments
Financial liabilities ~~W~~ (9,827,152 ) (10,195,891 )

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued
ii) Equity and profit or loss sensitivity analysis for variable rate instruments
--- ---

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, a change of 100 basis points in interest rates at the reporting date would have increased (decreased) equity and profit or loss by the amounts shown below for the respective following 12 months periods. This analysis assumes that all other variables, in particular foreign currency rates, remain constant.

(In millions of won) Equity Profit or loss
1%p<br>increase 1%p<br>decrease 1%p<br>increase 1%p<br>decrease
December 31, 2024
Variable rate instruments (*) ~~W~~ (75,758 ) 75,758 (75,758 ) 75,758
December 31, 2023
Variable rate instruments (*) ~~W~~ (78,590 ) 78,590 (78,590 ) 78,590
(*) Included financial instruments for which interest rate swap contracts, not designated as hedging instruments,<br>were entered into.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued
(b) Credit risk
--- ---

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations and arises principally from the Group’s receivables from customers.

The Group’s exposure to credit risk of trade and other receivables is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. However, management believes that the default risk of the country in which each customer operates, does not have a significant influence on credit risk since the majority of the customers are global electronic appliance manufacturers operating in global markets.

The Group establishes credit limits for each customer and each new customer is analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively before determining whether to utilize third party guarantees, insurance or factoring as appropriate.

In relation to the impairment of financial assets subsequent to initial recognition, the Group recognizes the changes in expected credit loss (“ECL”) in profit or loss at each reporting date.

The carrying amount of financial assets represents the maximum credit exposure. The maximum exposure to credit risk as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:

(In millions of won)
December 31,2024 December 31,2023
Financial assets carried at amortized cost
Cash equivalents ~~W~~ 2,021,640 2,257,519
Deposits in banks 611 905,982
Trade accounts and notes receivable, net(*) 3,624,477 3,218,093
Non-trade receivables 227,477 112,739
Accrued income 22,552 14,246
Deposits 16,747 18,378
Loans 37,143 59,884
Subtotal 5,950,647 6,586,841
Other financial assets
Lease receivables 10,063 4,130
Subtotal ~~W~~ 10,063 4,130
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Convertible securities ~~W~~ 1,470 3,127
Derivatives 256,251 169,703
Subtotal ~~W~~ 257,721 172,830
Financial assets effective for fair value hedging
Derivatives 119,098
Total ~~W~~ 6,337,529 6,763,801

(*) As of December 31, 2024, it includes financial assets amounting to ~~W~~1,123,869 million held under the business model to achieve the purpose through the receipt of contractual cash flows and the sale of financial assets are included.

Trade accounts and notes receivable are insured in order for the Group to manage credit risk if they do not meet the Group’s internal credit ratings. Uninsured trade accounts and notes receivable are managed by continuous monitoring of internal credit rating standards established by the Group and seeking insurance coverage, if necessary.

There are no significant concentrations of credit risk, whether through exposure to individual customers, specific industry sectors and/or regions.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued
(c) Liquidity risk
--- ---

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or other financial assets. The Group’s liquidity management policy involves projecting cash flows in major currencies and considering the level of liquid assets necessary to meet these, monitoring liquidity ratios against internal and external regulatory requirements and maintaining debt financing plans.

The Group has historically been able to satisfy its cash requirements from cash flows from operations and debt and equity financing. In addition, the Group maintains a line of credit with various banks.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued

The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities, including estimated interest payments, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(i) As of December 31, 2024
(In millions of won) Contractual cash flows in
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Carryingamount Total 6 months<br>or less 6-12months 1-2 years 2-5 years More than5 years
Non-derivative financial liabilities
Borrowings ~~W~~ 13,412,275 14,453,995 3,730,807 2,609,727 3,941,215 4,146,933 25,313
Bonds 1,137,839 1,185,892 631,539 11,638 416,573 126,142
Trade accounts and notes payable(*) 4,156,149 4,156,149 3,884,788 271,361
Other accounts payable(*) 1,720,670 1,723,867 1,404,896 318,971
Long-term other accounts payable 279,774 323,400 69,090 192,570 61,740
Security deposits received 160,713 189,214 808 6,841 181,565
Lease liabilities 57,975 60,653 23,948 12,681 13,889 9,423 712
Derivative financial liabilities
Derivatives ~~W~~ 10,768 11,184 930 3,447 4,495 2,312
Cash outflow 75,016 21,402 20,467 22,342 10,805
Cash inflow (63,832 ) (20,472 ) (17,020 ) (17,847 ) (8,493 )
Total ~~W~~ 20,936,163 22,104,354 9,676,908 3,228,633 4,452,103 4,658,945 87,765
(*) As of December 31, 2024, it includes ~~W~~1,187,450 million of payable<br>to credit card companies for utility expenses and others paid using business credit card for purchases. The Group presented the payable to credit card companies as trade account notes payables and other accounts payable and disclosed related cash<br>flows as operating and investing activities since the Group is using the business credit card for purchases through agreements with suppliers for transactions arising from purchasing of goods and services, the payment term is within a year from the<br>purchase, as part of the normal operating cycle, and no collateral is provided.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued
(ii) As of December 31, 2023
--- ---
(In millions of won) Contractual cash flows in
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Carryingamount Total 6 months<br>or less 6-12<br>months 1-2 years 2-5 years More than5 years
Non-derivative financial liabilities
Borrowings ~~W~~ 15,040,986 16,309,036 3,534,173 1,900,982 6,231,118 4,397,095 245,668
Bonds 1,488,143 1,597,741 111,169 319,011 642,996 524,565
Trade accounts and notes payable(*) 4,175,064 4,175,064 3,969,497 205,567
Other accounts payable(*) 2,918,903 2,921,719 2,688,979 232,740
Long-term other accounts payable 357,907 413,255 129,587 175,358 108,310
Security deposits received 153,370 190,329 3,120 4,597 1,047 181,565
Lease liabilities 73,364 77,246 29,980 21,335 11,848 11,461 2,622
Derivative financial liabilities
Derivatives ~~W~~ 63,526 45,705 18,781 3,988 12,474 10,462
Cash outflow 1,385,858 657,325 47,527 510,676 170,330
Cash inflow (1,340,153 ) (638,544 ) (43,539 ) (498,202 ) (159,868 )
Fair value hedging derivatives 36,052 36,052 1,514 5,878 20,282 8,378
Total ~~W~~ 24,307,315 25,766,147 10,357,213 2,694,098 7,049,352 5,308,884 356,600
(*) As of December 31, 2023, it includes ~~W~~1,092,180 million of payable<br>to credit card companies for utility expenses and others paid using business credit card for purchases. The Group presented the payable to credit card companies as other accounts payable and disclosed related cash flows as operating and investing<br>activities since the Group is using the business credit card for purchases through agreements with suppliers for transactions arising from purchasing of goods and services, the payment term is within a year from the purchase, as part of the normal<br>operating cycle, and no collateral is provided.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued

It is not expected that the cash flows included in the maturity analysis could occur significantly earlier, or at significantly different amounts.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued
(d) Capital management
--- ---

Management’s policy is to maintain a capital base so as to maintain investor, creditor and market confidence and to sustain future development of the business. Liabilities to equity ratio, net borrowings to equity ratio and other financial ratios are used by management to achieve an optimal capital structure. Management also monitors the return on capital as well as the level of dividends to ordinary shareholders.

The Group is also responsible for complying with certain financial ratios as part of capital maintenance conditions imposed externally. To fulfill this responsibility, the Group regularly monitors these financial ratios and takes proactive measures when necessary.

(In millions of won)
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Total liabilities ~~W~~ 24,786,759 26,988,754
Total equity 8,072,807 8,770,544
Cash and deposits in banks (*1) 2,022,240 3,163,493
Borrowings (including bonds) 14,550,114 16,529,129
Total liabilities to equity ratio 307 % 308 %
Net borrowings to equity ratio (*2) 155 % 152 %
(*1) Cash and deposits in banks consist of cash and cash equivalents and current deposits in banks.<br>
--- ---
(*2) Net borrowings to equity ratio is calculated by dividing total borrowings (including bonds and excluding lease<br>liabilities and others) less cash and current deposits in banks by total equity.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued
(e) Determination of fair value
--- ---
(i) Measurement of fair value
--- ---

A number of the Group’s accounting policies and disclosures require the determination of fair value, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. Fair values have been determined for measurement and/or disclosure purposes based on the following methods. When applicable, further information about the assumptions made in determining fair values is disclosed in the notes specific to that asset or liability.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued
(ii) Fair values versus carrying amounts
--- ---

The fair values of financial assets and liabilities, together with the carrying amounts shown in the consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(In millions of won) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Carryingamounts Fair values Carryingamounts Fair values
Financial assets carried at amortized cost
Cash and cash equivalents ~~W~~ 2,021,640 ( *1) 2,257,522 ( *1)
Deposits in banks 611 ( *1) 905,982 ( *1)
Trade accounts and notes receivable(*3) 3,624,477 ( *1) 3,218,093 ( *1)
Non-trade receivables 227,477 ( *1) 112,739 ( *1)
Accrued income 22,552 ( *1) 14,246 ( *1)
Deposits 16,747 ( *1) 18,378 ( *1)
Loans 37,143 ( *1) 59,884 ( *1)
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Equity instruments ~~W~~ 120,501 120,501 87,027 87,027
Convertible securities 1,470 1,470 3,127 3,127
Derivatives 256,251 256,251 169,703 169,703
Financial assets effective for fair value hedging
Derivatives 119,098 119,098
Other financial assets
Lease receivables 10,063 ( *1) 4,130 ( *1)
Financial liabilities carried at amortized cost
Borrowings ~~W~~ 13,412,275 13,482,726 15,040,986 15,101,258
Bonds 1,137,839 1,142,725 1,488,143 1,479,725
Trade accounts and notes payable 4,156,149 ( *1) 4,175,064 ( *1)
Other accounts payable 2,000,444 ( *1) 3,276,810 ( *1)
Security deposits received 160,713 ( *1) 153,370 ( *1)
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Derivatives ~~W~~ 10,768 10,768 63,526 63,526
Financial liabilities effective for fair value hedging
Derivatives ~~W~~ 36,052 36,052
Other financial liabilities
Lease liabilities 57,975 ( *2) 73,364 ( *2)
(*1) Excluded from disclosures as the carrying amount approximates fair value.
--- ---
(*2) Excluded from the fair value disclosures in accordance with Korean IFRS 1107 ‘Financial Instruments:<br>Disclosures’.
--- ---
(*3) As of December 31, 2024, it includes financial assets amounting to<br>~~W~~1,123,869 million held under the business model to achieve the purpose through the receipt of contractual cash flows and the sale of financial assets are included.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued
(iii) Fair values of financial assets and liabilities
--- ---
i) Fair value hierarchy
--- ---

Financial instruments carried at fair value are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques. The different levels have been defined as follows:

Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities<br>
Level 2: inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or<br>liability, either directly or indirectly
--- ---
Level 3: inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data<br>
--- ---
ii) Valuation techniques and inputs for Assets and Liabilities measured by the fair value hierarchy<br>
--- ---

Fair value hierarchy classifications of the financial instruments that are measured at fair value as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(In millions of won) December 31, 2024 Total
Classification Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Equity securities ~~W~~ 18,958 101,543 120,501
Convertible securities 1,470 1,470
Derivatives 256,251 256,251
Financial assets effective for fair value hedging
Derivatives ~~W~~ 119,098 119,098
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Derivatives ~~W~~ 10,768 10,768

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued
(In millions of won) December 31, 2023 Total
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Classification Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Equity securities ~~W~~ 87,027 87,027
Convertible securities 3,127 3,127
Derivatives 169,703 169,703
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Derivatives ~~W~~ 63,526 63,526
Financial liabilities effective for fair value hedging
Derivatives ~~W~~ 36,052 36,052

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued

The valuation techniques and inputs for assets and liabilities measured at fair value those are classified as Level 2 and Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(In millions of won) December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 Valuationtechnique Input
Classification Level 2 Level 3 Level 2 Level 3
Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
Equity securities ~~W~~ 101,543 87,027 Net asset value<br>method and<br>Comparable<br>company<br>analysis Price to<br>book value ratio
Convertible securities 1,470 3,127 Blended<br>discount model<br>and binominal<br>option pricing<br>model Discount rate,<br>stock price and<br>volatility
Derivatives 256,251 169,703 Discounted cash<br>flow Discount rate and<br>Exchange rate
Financial assets effective for fair value hedging
Derivatives ~~W~~ 119,098 Discounted cash<br>flow Discount rate and<br>Exchange rate
Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss
Derivatives ~~W~~ 10,768 63,526 Discounted cash<br>flow Discount rate and<br>Exchange rate
Financial liabilities effective for fair value hedging
Derivatives ~~W~~ 36,052 Discounted cash<br>flow Discount rate and<br>Exchange rate

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued
iii) Financial instruments not measured at fair value but for which the fair value is disclosed<br>
--- ---

Fair value hierarchy classifications, valuation technique and inputs for fair value measurements of the financial instruments not measured at fair value but for which the fair value is disclosed as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(In millions of won) December 31, 2024 Valuationtechnique Input
Classification Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Liabilities
Borrowings ~~W~~ 13,482,726 Discounted<br>cash flow Discount<br>rate
Bonds 1,142,725 Discounted<br>cash flow Discount<br>rate
(In millions of won) December 31, 2023 Valuationtechnique Input
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Classification Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Liabilities
Borrowings ~~W~~ 15,101,258 Discounted<br>cash flow Discount<br>rate
Bonds 1,479,725 Discounted<br>cash flow Discount<br>rate

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued
iv) The interest rates applied for determination of the above fair value as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are<br>as follows
--- ---
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Borrowings, bonds and others 3.70%~3.96 % 4.60%~5.02 %
v) There is no transfer between Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 for the years ended December 31,<br>2024 and 2023, and the changes in financial assets classified as Level 3 of fair value measurements for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 is as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Classification January 1,2024 Acquisition Disposal Valuation Changesin ForeignExchangeRates December 31,2024
Equity securities ~~W~~ 87,027 5,470 (128 ) (2,809 ) 11,983 101,543
Convertible securities 3,127 (1,838 ) 181 1,470
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Classification January 1,2023 Acquisition Disposal Valuation Changesin ForeignExchangeRates December 31,2023
Equity securities ~~W~~ 96,064 3,286 (414 ) (13,315 ) 1,406 87,027
Convertible securities 1,797 1,329 41 (40 ) 3,127

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

26. Financial Risk Management, Continued
(f) Net gains and losses by category of financial instruments
--- ---

The net gains and losses by category of financial instruments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(In millions of won)
2024
Financialassets atamortizedcost Financialliabilities atamortizedcost Financialassets atFVTPL Financialassets atFVOCI Derivatives Others Total
Interest income ~~W~~ 87,510 182 87,692
Interest expense (906,766 ) (2,874 ) (909,640 )
Foreign currency differences 1,189,874 (2,238,150 ) 190,906 (857,370 )
Bad debt expense (689 ) (689 )
Gain or loss on disposal (7,708 ) (109 ) (18,470 ) (26,287 )
Gain or loss on valuation (8,590 ) (8,590 )
Gain or loss on repayment (678 ) (678 )
Gain or loss on derivatives 413,480 413,480
Total ~~W~~ 1,268,987 (3,145,594 ) (8,699 ) (18,470 ) 604,386 (2,692 ) (1,302,082 )
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
2023
Financialassets atamortizedcost Financialliabilities atamortizedcost Financialassets atFVTPL Financialassets atFVOCI Derivatives Others Total
Interest income ~~W~~ 134,388 276 134,664
Interest expense (720,086 ) (3,343 ) (723,429 )
Foreign currency differences 108,546 (176,376 ) (36,052 ) (103,882 )
Reversal of bad debt expense 181 181
Gain or loss on disposal (48,600 ) 132 (329 ) (48,797 )
Gain or loss on valuation (13,274 ) (13,274 )
Gain or loss on repayment (167 ) (167 )
Gain or loss on derivatives 102,116 102,116
Total ~~W~~ 194,515 (896,629 ) (13,142 ) (329 ) 66,064 (3,067 ) (652,588 )

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

27. Leases
(a) Leases as lessee
--- ---

The Group leases buildings, vehicles, machinery and equipment and others. Information about leases for which the Group is a lessee is presented below.

(i) Right-of-use assets<br>

Right-of-use assets related to leased properties that do not meet the definition of investment property are presented as property, plant and equipment(see Note 9(a)).

Changes in right-of-use assets for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(In millions of won)
2024
Buildingsandstructures Land Machinery<br>and<br>equipment Vehicles Others Total
Beginning balance ~~W~~ 57,946 51,249 714 7,439 1,898 119,246
Acquisitions 24,008 1 2,658 7,044 154 33,865
Depreciation (56,080 ) (3,063 ) (1,645 ) (6,879 ) (778 ) (68,445 )
Gain or loss on foreign currency translation 13,877 8,410 23 456 292 23,058
Classified as held for sale (11,599 ) (5,585 ) (1,563 ) (44 ) (18,791 )
Ending balance ~~W~~ 28,152 51,012 1,750 6,497 1,522 88,933
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
2023
Buildingsandstructures Land Machinery<br>and<br>equipment Vehicles Others Total
Beginning balance ~~W~~ 51,033 51,804 598 8,502 721 112,658
Acquisitions 65,133 881 6,698 1,899 74,611
Depreciation (56,471 ) (2,846 ) (770 ) (7,482 ) (780 ) (68,349 )
Gain or loss on foreign currency translation (1,749 ) 2,291 5 (279 ) 58 326
Ending balance ~~W~~ 57,946 51,249 714 7,439 1,898 119,246

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

27. Leases, Continued
(ii) Amounts recognized in profit or loss not from<br>right-of-use assets for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- ---
2024 2023
Interest on lease liabilities ~~W~~ (2,874) (3,343 )
Income from sub-leasing right-of-use assets 182 276
Expenses relating to short-term leases (274) (241 )
Expenses relating to leases of low-value assets that are<br>not short-term leases (543) (942 )
(iii) Changes in lease liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:<br>
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- ---
2024 2023
Beginning balance ~~W~~ 73,364 72,788
Additions and others 55,619 70,716
Interest expense 2,874 3,343
Repayment of liabilities (73,882) (73,483 )
Ending balance ~~W~~ 57,975 73,364
(iv) Total cash outflow from leases for the year ended December 31, 2024 amounted to<br>~~W~~74,517 million (2023: ~~W~~77,733).
--- ---
(b) Leases as lessor
--- ---
(i) Finance lease
--- ---

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Group recognized interest income on lease receivables of ~~W~~182 million and ~~W~~276 million, respectively.

The following table sets out a maturity analysis of lease receivables, showing the undiscounted lease payments to be received after the reporting date.

(In millions of won)
December 31,2024 December 31,2023
6 months or less ~~W~~ 3,255 3,580
6-12 months 3,255 597
1-2 years 3,797
Total undiscounted lease receivable ~~W~~ 10,307 4,177
Unearned finance income (244 ) (47 )
Net Investment in the lease ~~W~~ 10,063 4,130
(ii) Operating lease
--- ---

The Group leases out investment property and a portion of property, plant and equipment as operating leases (see Notes 9 and 11).

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

28. Cash Flow Information
(a) Details of cash flows generated from operations for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as<br>follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
2024 2023
Loss for the year ~~W~~ (2,409,300 ) (2,576,729 )
Adjustments for:
Income tax expense (benefit) (Note 23) 217,760 (762,712 )
Depreciation and amortization (Note 19) 5,125,637 4,213,742
Gain on foreign currency translation (587,019 ) (313,378 )
Loss on foreign currency translation 979,061 241,701
Expenses related to defined benefit plans (Note 13) 130,014 149,937
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment (51,792 ) (34,961 )
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment 76,771 102,453
Impairment loss on property, plant and equipment 98,525 60,072
Reversal of impairment loss on property, plant and equipment (4,314 ) (7 )
Gain on disposal of intangible assets (25 ) (1,989 )
Loss on disposal of intangible assets 388 55
Impairment loss on intangible assets 72,490 54,833
Reversal of impairment loss on intangible assets (14 ) (242 )
Expense on increase of provision 119,141 101,846
Finance income (511,068 ) (594,944 )
Finance costs 1,480,007 1,162,598
Equity in loss (income) of equity method accounted investees, net (5,412 ) 3,061
Others (85,651 ) (7,030 )
Changes in:
Trade accounts and notes receivable (395,513 ) (1,013,938 )
Other accounts receivable (142,775 ) 39,377
Inventories (85,850 ) 336,993
Other current assets (14,479 ) 92,983
Other non-current assets 2,537 1,151
Trade accounts and notes payable (46,796 ) 323,548
Other accounts payable (529,621 ) (47,798 )
Accrued expenses 92,474 (47,088 )
Provisions (134,684 ) (179,969 )
Advances received (16,161 ) (19,461 )
Proceeds from settlement of derivatives 35,757
Other current liabilities (4,050 ) (33,367 )
Defined benefit liabilities, net (38,018 ) (45,123 )
Long-term advances received 1,580,222
Other non-current liabilities 5,436 33,493
Cash generated from operations ~~W~~ 3,373,456 2,819,329

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

28. Cash Flow Information, Continued
(b) Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023<br>are as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
January 1,<br>2024 Non-cash transactions
Cash flows fromfinancing activities Gain or loss onforeign currencytranslation Interestexpense Classification<br>of liabilities<br>held for sale Others December 31,2024
Short-term borrowings ~~W~~ 1,875,635 (1,065,878 ) 159,838 969,595
Long-term borrowings 13,165,351 (726,352 ) 1,051,834 4,203 (1,060,592 ) 8,236 12,442,680
Bonds 1,488,143 (370,000 ) 18,004 1,692 1,137,839
Lease liabilities 73,364 (71,008 ) 16,752 (6,772 ) 45,639 57,975
Dividend payable 7,302 (136,519 ) 268 135,339 6,390
Total ~~W~~ 16,609,795 (2,369,757 ) 1,246,696 5,895 (1,067,364 ) 189,214 14,614,479
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
January 1,<br>2023 Non-cash transactions
Cash flows fromfinancing activities Gain or loss onforeign currencytranslation Interestexpense Others December 31,2023
Short-term borrowings ~~W~~ 2,578,552 (716,386 ) 13,469 1,875,635
Long-term borrowings 10,964,112 2,139,554 50,174 3,271 8,240 13,165,351
Bonds 1,448,746 35,276 2,237 1,717 167 1,488,143
Lease liabilities 72,788 (73,483 ) (312 ) 74,371 73,364
Dividend payable (34,098 ) (44 ) 41,444 7,302
Total ~~W~~ 15,064,198 1,350,863 65,524 4,988 124,222 16,609,795

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

28. Cash Flow Information, Continued
(c) Details of significant non-cash transactions for the years ended<br>December 31, 2024, and 2023 are as follows.
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- ---
2024 2023
Changes in other accounts payable arising from the purchase of property, plant and<br>equipment ~~W~~ (630,267) (348,046 )
Changes in other accounts payable arising from the purchase of intangible assets (137,918) (27,918 )
Recognition of<br>right-of-use assets and lease liabilities 33,865 74,611
Reclassification of the current portion of borrowings/bonds (6,559,088) (3,441,686 )
Classification of assets held for sale 983,317
Classification of liabilities held for sale 1,656,841
29. Related Parties and Others
--- ---
(a) Related parties
--- ---

Details of related parties as of December 31, 2024 are as follows:

Classification Description
Associates(*) Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd. and others
Entity that has significant influence over the Controlling Company LG Electronics Inc.
Subsidiaries of the entity that has significant influence over the Controlling Company Subsidiaries of LG Electronics Inc.
(*) Details of associates are described in Note 8.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

29. Related Parties and Others, Continued
(b) Details of major transactions with related parties for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as<br>follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won) 2024
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Purchase and others
Sales<br>and others Dividendincome Purchase of<br>raw materialand others Others (*2)
Associates
AVATEC Co., Ltd.(*1) ~~W~~ 200 52,983 2,947
Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd. 237,002 8,428
WooRee E&L Co., Ltd.(*1) 5,045 32
YAS Co., Ltd.(*1) 5,266 7,578
Material Science Co., Ltd. 3,579 1,512
Entity that has significant influence over the Controlling Company
LG Electronics Inc. ~~W~~ 349,194 19,959 354,362
Subsidiaries of the entity that has significant influence over the ControllingCompany
LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd. ~~W~~ 52,736 275
LG Electronics Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd. 306,727 5,945

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

29. Related Parties and Others, Continued
(In millions of won) 2024
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Purchase and Others
Salesand others Dividendincome Purchase of<br>raw materialand others Others (*2)
LG Electronics Nanjing New Technology Co., Ltd. ~~W~~ 379,241 629
LG Electronics do Brasil Ltda. 32,165 248
LG Innotek Co., Ltd. 10,999 18,166 72,123
LG Electronics Mlawa Sp. z o.o. 977,531 1,105
LG Electronics Reynosa S.A. DE C.V. 973,432 746
LG Electronics Egypt S.A.E 24,454 32
LG Electronics Japan, Inc. 6,250
LG Electronics RUS, LLC 4,005
LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc. 2,128
P.T. LG Electronics Indonesia 482,099 1,254
HI-M Solutek Co., Ltd 9,636
LG Technology Ventures LLC 1,319
Others 330 462 1,579
Total ~~W~~ 3,588,908 200 342,462 482,133
(*1) For the year ended December 31, 2024, WooRee E&L Co., Ltd., AVATEC Co., Ltd. and YAS Co., Ltd. were<br>excluded from related parties and others due to loss of significant influence and transaction amount is the amount prior to exclusion.
--- ---
(*2) Others include the amount of the acquisition of property, plant, and equipment.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

29. Related Parties and Others, Continued
(In millions of won) 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Purchase and Others
Salesand others Dividendincome Purchase of<br>raw materialand others Others (*)
Associates
AVATEC Co., Ltd. ~~W~~ 43,662 11,003
Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd. 15,200 176,831 4,341
WooRee E&L Co., Ltd. 7,853 513
YAS Co., Ltd. 9,832 23,202
Material Science Co., Ltd. 179
Entity that has significant influence over the Controlling Company
LG Electronics Inc. ~~W~~ 231,935 22,370 501,094
Subsidiaries of the entity that has significant influence over the ControllingCompany
LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd. ~~W~~ 47,031 270
LG Electronics Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd. 434,789 7,090

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

29. Related Parties and Others, Continued
(In millions of won) 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Purchase and others
Salesand others Dividendincome Purchase ofraw materialand others Others (*)
LG Electronics Nanjing New Technology Co., Ltd. ~~W~~ 350,207 451
LG Electronics do Brasil Ltda. 29,249 316
LG Innotek Co., Ltd. 7,754 14,970 100,272
LG Electronics Mlawa Sp. z o.o. 811,880 1,611
LG Electronics Reynosa S.A. DE C.V. 826,547 810
LG Electronics Egypt S.A.E 20,225 66
LG Electronics Japan, Inc. 114 6,278
LG Electronics RUS, LLC 360 2,359
LG Electronics U.S.A., Inc. 2,177
P.T. LG Electronics Indonesia 448,528 2,231
LG Electronics Nanjing Vehicle Components Co.,Ltd. 1,414
LG Technology Ventures LLC 2,596
HI-M Solutek Co., Ltd 9 7,316
Others 15 142 1,502
Total ~~W~~ 3,210,048 15,200 275,669 675,677
(*) Others include the amount of the acquisition of property, plant, and equipment.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

29. Related Parties and Others, Continued
(c) Details of balances of receivables and payables from transaction with related parties as of December 31,<br>2024 and 2023 are as follows:
--- ---
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Trade accounts and notes receivableand others Trade accounts and notes payable<br>and others
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
Associates ~~W~~
AVATEC Co., Ltd.(*1) 4,775
Paju Electric Glass Co., Ltd. 64,140 56,136
WooRee E&L Co., Ltd.(*1) 695 2,219
YAS Co., Ltd.(*1) 12,483
Material Science Co., Ltd. 261 118
Entity that has significant influence over the Controlling Company
LG Electronics Inc. (*2) ~~W~~ 179,710 63,284 1,071,592 1,140,260
Subsidiaries of the entity that has significant influence over the ControllingCompany
LG Electronics India Pvt. Ltd. ~~W~~ 3,317 2,013 35
LG Electronics Vietnam Haiphong Co., Ltd. 72,521 76,952 921 1,403
LG Electronics Nanjing New Technology Co., Ltd. 61,922 38,502 15 27
LG Electronics do Brasil Ltda. 13,184 6,252 32
LG Innotek Co., Ltd. (*3) 1,803 3,002 207,258 216,049

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

29. Related Parties and Others, Continued
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Trade accounts and notes receivable<br>and others Trade accounts and notes payable<br>and others
December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023 December 31, 2024 December 31, 2023
LG Electronics Mlawa Sp. z o.o. ~~W~~ 149,789 101,357 131
LG Electronics Reynosa, S.A. DE C.V. 55,500 64,208 109
LG Electronics Japan, Inc. 114 548 632
P.T. LG Electronics Indonesia 63,719 46,146 53 108
LG Electronics Taiwan Taipei Co., Ltd. 63 115
LG Electronics Egypt S.A.E 3,877 369 7 1
Others 261 251 5,779 2,184
Total ~~W~~ 605,603 403,145 1,350,768 1,436,686
(*1) For the year ended December 31, 2024, as it was excluded from related parties and others due to loss of<br>significant influence, there are no outstanding receivables or payables.
--- ---
(*2) Trade accounts and note payable and others for LG Electronics Inc. as of December 31, 2024 and 2023<br>includes long-term borrowings of ~~W~~1,000,000 million (see Note 12.(c)).
--- ---
(*3) Trade accounts and note payable and others for LG Innotek Co., Ltd. as of December 31, 2024 and 2023<br>includes deposits received amount ~~W~~180,000 million from lease agreement.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

29. Related Parties and Others, Continued
(d) Details of significant financial transactions with related parties and others for the years ended<br>December 31, 2024 and 2023, are as follows:
--- ---
2024
--- --- --- --- --- ---
(In millions of won) Company Name Capital increase Collection of loans
Associates WooRee E&L Co., Ltd. (*) ~~W~~ ~~W~~ 256
Entity that has significant influence over the Company LG Electronics Inc. 436,031
(*) For the year ended December 31, 2024, it was excluded from related parties and others due to loss of<br>significant influence and transaction amount is the amount prior to exclusion.
--- ---
2023
--- --- --- --- --- ---
(In millions of won) Company Name Borrowings Collection of loans
Associates WooRee E&L Co., Ltd. ~~W~~ 183
Entity that has significant influence over the Company LG Electronics Inc. 1,000,000
The Group entered into a loan agreement with LG Electronics Inc. on March 27, 2023 for a total borrowing<br>amount of ~~W~~1,000,000 million, and received ~~W~~650,000 million on March 30, 2023 and ~~W~~350,000 million on April 20, 2023.<br>
---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

29. Related Parties and Others, Continued
(e) Large Enterprise Group Transactions
--- ---

According to the ‘Related Party Disclosures’ under the Korean IFRS 1024, although not included in the scope of related parties, the major transaction details with the Large Enterprise Group subsidiaries and their affiliates, as well as the amounts of receivables and payables for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, in accordance with the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act, are as follows:

(In millions of won)
For the year ended<br>December 31, 2024 December 31, 2024
Sales<br>and others Purchase<br>and others Trade accounts andnotes receivable<br>and others Trade accounts andnotes payable andothers
LG Uplus Corp. ~~W~~ 105,300 2,765 164
LG Chem Ltd. and its subsidiaries 500 567,215 188 239,895
D&O Corp. and its subsidiaries(*1) 270 72,093 86,714
LG Corp.(*2) 63,471 7,551 10,731
LG Management Development Institute 30,565 3 340
LG CNS Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries 184 249,674 78,229
LG Household & Health Care Ltd. and its subsidiaries 96
HS AD Inc. and its subsidiaries 5,439 542
Robostar Co., Ltd. 2,821 2,398
Total ~~W~~ 106,254 994,139 7,742 419,013
(*1) Among the matters related to D&O Corp. and its subsidiaries, S&I Corporation Co., Ltd. and Xi C&A<br>Co., Ltd. were excluded from the large corporate group as of March 19, 2024 and reflected based on the transaction amount for the three-month period ended March 31, 2024.
--- ---
(*2) According to the lease agreement signed with LG Corp., no recognized lease liabilities as of December 31,<br>2024. The lease repayment for the year ended December 31, 2024 amounts to ~~W~~9,681 million.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

29. Related Parties and Others, Continued
(In millions of won)
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
For the year ended<br>December 31, 2023 December 31, 2023
Sales<br>and others Purchase<br>and others Trade accounts andnotes receivableand others Trade accounts andnotes payable andothers
LG Uplus Corp. ~~W~~ - 2,458 206
LG Chem Ltd. and its subsidiaries 355 464,303 49 209,113
D&O Corp. and its subsidiaries. 2,016 660,714 105,757
LG Corp.(*1) 1,891 51,906 16,261 5,575
LG Management Development Institute 40,244 543
LG CNS Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries 16 296,637 5 112,881
LG Household & Health Care Ltd. and its subsidiaries 108 1
HS AD Inc.(formerly, G2R Inc.) and its subsidiaries(*2) 19,226 5,687
Robostar Co., Ltd. 1,018 312
Total ~~W~~ 4,278 1,536,614 16,315 440,075
(*1) According to the lease agreement signed with LG Corp., the recognized lease liabilities as of December 31,<br>2023 are ~~W~~8,493 million, and the lease liabilities are not included in the amount of ‘Trade accounts and notes payable and others’ above. The lease repayment for the year ended December 31, 2023<br>amounts to ~~W~~8,328 million.
--- ---
(*2) G2R Inc. changed its name to HS AD Inc. on July 1, 2023.
--- ---

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

29. Related Parties and Others, Continued
(f) Key management personnel compensation
--- ---

Details of compensation costs of key management for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

(In millions of won)
2024 2023
Short-term benefits ~~W~~ 2,397 2,291
Expenses related to the defined benefit plan 604 355
Total ~~W~~ 3,001 2,646

Key management refers to the registered directors who have significant control and responsibilities over the Parent Company’s operations and business.

(g) At the end of the reporting period, the Group did not set an allowance for doubtful accounts on the balance of<br>receivables for related parties.

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Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023

30. Assets and Liabilities Held for Sale (Disposal Group)

For the year ended December 31, 2024, management of the Group decided to sell 80% of its stake in LG Display (China) Co., Ltd. and 100% of its stake in LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd. to TCL CSOT. The contract was signed on September 26, 2024, and the transaction is expected to be completed within one year. As a result, the assets and liabilities held by LG Display (China) Co., Ltd. and LG Display Guangzhou Co., Ltd. are presented as assets and liabilities held for sale.

(a) Details of assets and liabilities held for sale
(In millions of won) December 31,2024
--- --- ---
Disposal Group(*) ~~W~~
Cash and cash equivalents 158,415
Trade accounts and notes receivable, net 11,131
Other accounts receivables, net 10,809
Inventories 101,998
Prepaid income taxes 14,402
Other current assets and others 45,733
Property, plant and equipment, net 611,689
Intangible assets, net 775
Deferred tax assets 28,365
Total ~~W~~ 983,317
Liabilities in the Disposal Group ~~W~~
Trade accounts and notes payable 466,907
Current financial liabilities 917,620
Other accounts payable 52,097
Accrued expenses 67,181
Advances received 2,364
Other Current liabilities and others 927
Non-current financial liabilities 149,745
Total ~~W~~ 1,656,841
(*) There is no impairment loss recognized for assets held for sale, as the net fair value of the disposal group is<br>expected to exceed the carrying amount.
--- ---
(b) Accumulated income directly recognized as other comprehensive income in relation to the disposal group<br>classified as held for sale is ~~W~~291,363 million of foreign currency translation differences.
--- ---

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Independent Auditor’s Report on Internal Control overFinancial Reporting

for Consolidation Purposes

(English Translation of a Report Originally Issued in Korean)

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

LG Display Co., Ltd.

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting for Consolidation Purposes

We have audited Internal Control over Financial Reporting of LG Display Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Group”) for consolidation purposes as at December 31, 2024, based on Conceptual Framework for Designing and Operating Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

In our opinion, the Group maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting for consolidation purposes as at December 31, 2024, based on Conceptual Framework for Designing and Operating Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

We also have audited, in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing, the consolidated financial statements of the Group, which comprise the consolidated statement of financial position as at December 31, 2024, and the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, consolidated statement of changes in equity and consolidated statement of cash flow for the year then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements including material accounting policy information, and our report dated March 4, 2025 expressed unqualified opinion.

Basis for Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting for Consolidation Purposes

We conducted our audit in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing. Our responsibilities under these standards are further described in the Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of Internal Control over Financial Reporting for consolidation purposes section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical requirements of the Republic of Korea that are relevant to our audit of internal control over financial reporting purposes for consolidation purposes and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the ethical requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged withGovernance for Internal Control over Financial Reporting for Consolidation Purposes

Management is responsible for designing, implementing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting for consolidation purposes, and for its assessment about the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on the Effectiveness of Internal Control over Financial Reporting for Consolidation Purposes.

Those charged with governance have the responsibilities for overseeing internal control over financial reporting for consolidation purposes.

Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of Internal Controlover Financial Reporting for Consolidation Purposes

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on internal control over financial reporting for consolidation purposes of the Group based on our audit. We conducted the audit in accordance with Korean Standards on Auditing. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting for consolidation purposes was maintained in all material respects.

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An audit of internal control over financial reporting for consolidation purposes involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about whether a material weakness exists. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks that a material weakness exists. An audit includes obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting for consolidation purposes and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting for consolidation purposes based on the assessed risk.

Definition and Inherent Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting for Consolidation Purposes

The Group’s internal control over financial reporting for consolidation purposes is a process effected by those charged with governance, management, and other personnel, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the preparation of reliable consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the Republic of Korea. The Group’s internal control over financial reporting for consolidation purposes includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Group; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of consolidated financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the Republic of Korea, and that receipts and expenditures of the Group are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Group; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention, or timely detection and correction of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Group’s assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting for consolidation purposes may not prevent, or detect and correct, misstatements. Also, projections of any assessment of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

The engagement partner on the audit resulting in this independent auditor’s report is Sang-Woo Nam, Certified Public Accountant.

Seoul, Korea

March 4, 2025

This report is effective as at March 4, 2025, the audit report date. Certain subsequent events or circumstances, which may occur between the audit report date and the time of reading this report, could have a material impact on the Group’s internal control over financial reporting for consolidation purposes thereto. Accordingly, the readers of the audit report should understand that there is a possibility that the above audit report may have to be revised to reflect the impact of such subsequent events or circumstances, if any.

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Management’s Report on the Effectiveness of

Internal Control over Financial Reporting for Consolidation Purposes

(English Translation of a Report Originally Issued in Korean)

To the Shareholders, Board of Directors and Audit Committee of LG Display Co., Ltd.

We, as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and the Internal Control over Financial Reporting Officer of LG Display Co., Ltd. (“the Group”), assessed the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Group’s Internal Control over Financial Reporting for consolidation purposes for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The Group’s management, including ourselves, is responsible for designing and operating internal control over financial reporting for consolidation purposes.

We assessed the design and operating effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting for consolidation purposes in the prevention and detection of an error or fraud which may cause material misstatements in the preparation and disclosure of reliable consolidated financial statements.

We designed and operated internal control over financial reporting for consolidation purposes in accordance with Conceptual Framework for Designing and Operating Internal Control over Financial Reporting established by the Operating Committee of Internal Control over Financial Reporting in Korea. And, we conducted an evaluation of internal control over financial reporting for consolidation purposes based on Detailed Enforcement Rules of the Regulation on External Audit and Accounting, etc. Table 6 Internal Control over Financial Reporting Evaluation and Reporting Standards.

Based on the assessment results, we believe that the Group’s internal control over financial reporting for consolidation purposes, as at December 31, 2024, is designed and operated effectively, in all material respects, in accordance with Conceptual Framework for Designing and Operating Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

We certify that this report does not contain any untrue statement of a fact, or omit to state a fact necessary to be presented herein. We also certify that this report does not contain or present any statements which cause material misunderstandings, and we have reviewed and verified this report with sufficient due care.

<Attachment>

Internal control activities performed by the Group to address risks to embezzlement and other financial fraud

January 20, 2025

Cheoldong Jeong,

Chief Executive Officer

Sunghyun Kim,

Internal Control over Financial Reporting Officer

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<Attachment>

Internal control activities performed by the Group to address risks to embezzlement and other financial fraud

Internal control over Financial Reporting for Consolidation Purposes

Category Control Activities Performed by the Group Target Company Design and Operation Assessment Results<br><br><br>(Execution department, execution time, etc.)
Entity Level Control <Operation of anti-fraud system> <br>The management periodically notifies all executives and employees of the importance of ethical management related to the Code of Ethics and the Code of Conduct, and operates an anonymous<br>reporting channel for violations of the Code of Ethics and internal accounting control regulations. LG Display Co., Ltd., LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. and 16 others As a result of the test performed, <br>No material weakness found <br>(Internal Control & Consolidation Accounting Team, ‘24.July, ‘24.November, <br>‘25.January)
<Periodic monitoring of Segregation of Duty Status><br><br><br>Internal Control & Consolidation Accounting Team defines incompatible tasks, and periodically monitors and reports on the adequacy of segregation of<br>duty and access rights. LG Display Co., Ltd., LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. and 17 others As a result of the test performed, <br>No material weakness found <br>(Internal Control & Consolidation Accounting Team, ‘24.July, ‘24.November, <br>‘25.January)
Control of Treasury <Account Registration Management><br> <br>The<br>cash management Team Leader reviews and approves the adequacy of account registration. LG Display Co., Ltd., LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. and 17 others As a result of the test performed, <br>No material weakness found <br>(Internal Control & Consolidation Accounting Team, ‘24.July, ‘24.November, <br>‘25.January)
<Seal, OTP management> <br>Physical access to seals and OTPs is restricted except for the person in charge of the supervising department, and when using a seal, it can be stamped after confirming the purpose of use and<br>approval details of the requesting department. LG Display Co., Ltd., LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. and 17 others As a result of the test performed, <br>No material weakness found <br>(Internal Control & Consolidation Accounting Team, ‘24.July, ‘24.November, <br>‘25.January)
<Segregation of Duty related to payment> <br>Register Preliminary Payment, Electronic Payment, Internal Account Transfer, Foreign Exchange Transaction, etc., are separate from those in charge of the creator and the<br>approver. LG Display Co., Ltd., LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. and 17 others As a result of the test performed, <br>No material weakness found <br>(Internal Control & Consolidation Accounting Team, ‘24.July, ‘24.November, <br>‘25.January)
<Daily Account Balance Reconciliation> <br>The person in charge performs the reconciliation of the bank balance for each daily account and takes necessary action in case of any discrepancies. LG Display Co., Ltd., LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. and 17 others As a result of the test performed, <br>No material weakness found <br>(Internal Control & Consolidation Accounting Team, ‘24.July, ‘24.November, <br>‘25.January)
<Restriction on the use of corporate credit cards> <br>Corporate cards are managed according to standards such as usage limits for each position, and the system is set up to prohibit the expense processing and approval for<br>improper use. LG Display Co., Ltd., LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. and 15 others As a result of the test performed, <br>No material weakness found <br>(Internal Control & Consolidation Accounting Team, ‘24.July, ‘24.November,<br><br>‘25.January)

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Other Process Level Control <Supplier Account Registration Management> <br>The discretionary authority of the department such as in charge of purchasing, etc., reviews and approves whether the evaluation details of the company for the new supplier meet<br>the standards, and the cash management team leader checks the original documents required for the registration of the company and approves the account registration. LG Display Co., Ltd., LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. and 17 others As a result of the test performed, <br>No material weakness found <br>(Internal Control & Consolidation Accounting Team, ‘24.July, ‘24.November, <br>‘25.January)
<Sales Confirmation> <br>At the end of each month, the person in charge of the sales department agrees/confirms the monthly sales amount with each customer, including the sales price and quantity by model, and reports it to<br>the leader. LG Display Co., Ltd., LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. and 12 others As a result of the test performed, <br>No material weakness found <br>(Internal Control & Consolidation Accounting Team, ‘24.July, ‘24.November, <br>‘25.January)
<Report on Inventory Physical Inspection Results> <br>The discretionary authority of the supervising department reviews and approves the results of the regular physical inspection of inventory assets. LG Display Co., Ltd., LG Display High-Tech (China) Co., Ltd. and 16 others As a result of the test performed, <br>No material weakness found <br>(Internal Control & Consolidation Accounting Team, ‘24.July, ‘24.November, <br>‘25.January)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

LG Display Co., Ltd.
(Registrant)
Date: March 5, 2025 By:  /s/ Kyu Dong Kim
(Signature)
Name: Kyu Dong Kim
Title:  Vice President,<br><br><br>Finance & Risk Management Division