8-K
NAVIENT CORP (NAVI)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): April 26, 2023
Navient Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 001-36228 | 46-4054283 |
|---|---|---|
| (State or other jurisdiction<br> <br>of incorporation) | (Commission<br> <br>File Number) | (I.R.S. Employer<br> <br>Identification No.) |
| 123 Justison Street, Wilmington, Delaware | 19801 | |
| --- | --- | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (302) 283-8000
Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
| ☐ | Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
|---|---|
| ☐ | Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
| --- | --- |
| ☐ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
| --- | --- |
| ☐ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
| --- | --- |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading<br> <br>Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange<br> <br>on which registered |
|---|---|---|
| Common stock, par value $.01 per share | NAVI | The NASDAQ Global Select Market |
| 6% Senior Notes due December 15, 2043 | JSM | The NASDAQ Global Select Market |
| ITEM 2.02 | RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION. | |
| --- | --- |
On April 26, 2023, Navient Corporation (the “Company”) issued an informational press release announcing its financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 were available on the “Investor” page of its website located at https://www.Navient.com/investors. Additionally, on April 26, 2023, the Company posted its financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 to its above-referenced web location. A copy of each press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 and Exhibit 99.2 hereto.
| ITEM 9.01 | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS. |
|---|---|
| (d) | Exhibits |
| --- | --- |
| Exhibit <br>Number | Description |
| --- | --- |
| 99.1* | Press Release, dated April 26, 2023. |
| 99.2* | Financial Press Release, dated April 26, 2023. |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document). |
| * | Furnished herewith. |
| --- | --- |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
| NAVIENT CORPORATION | ||
|---|---|---|
| Date: April 26, 2023 | By: | /s/ JOE FISHER |
| Joe Fisher | ||
| Chief Financial Officer |
EX-99.1
Exhibit 99.1
NEWS RELEASE
For immediate release
Navient posts first quarter 2023 financial results
WILMINGTON, Del., April 26, 2023 — Navient (Nasdaq: NAVI), a leader in technology-enabled education finance and business processing solutions, today posted its 2023 first quarter financial results. The complete financial results release is available on the company’s website at **** Navient.com/investors. The results will also be available on Form 8-K on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Navient will hold a live audio webcast today, April 26, 2023, at 8 a.m. ET, hosted by Jack Remondi, president and CEO, and Joe Fisher, CFO.
Analysts and investors who wish to ask questions are requested to pre-register at Navient.com/investors at least 15 minutes ahead of start time to receive their personal dial-in access details. Others who wish to join in listen-only mode do not need to pre-register and may simply visit Navient.com/investors to access the webcast.
Supplemental financial information and presentation slides used during the call will be available no later than the start time. A replay of the webcast will be available approximately two hours after the event’s conclusion.
* * *
About Navient
Navient (Nasdaq: NAVI) provides technology-enabled education finance and business processing solutions that simplify complex programs and help millions of people achieve success. Our customer-focused, data-driven services deliver exceptional results for clients in education, healthcare and government. Learn more at navient.com.
Contact:
Media: Paul Hartwick, 302-283-4026, paul.hartwick@navient.com
Investors: Jen Earyes, 703-984-6801, jen.earyes@navient.com
#
EX-99.2
Exhibit 99.2
| NAVIENT REPORTS FIRST-QUARTER<br><br><br>2023 FINANCIAL RESULTS |
|---|
WILMINGTON, Del., April 26, 2023 — Navient (Nasdaq: NAVI) today released its first-quarter 2023 financial results.
| OVERALL<br><br><br>RESULTS | • GAAP net<br>income of $111 million^^($0.86 diluted earnings per share).<br> <br><br><br><br>• Adjusted^^Core Earnings^(1)^ diluted earnings per share of $1.06.<br> <br><br><br><br>• Core Earnings^(1)^ of $133 million ($1.02<br>diluted earnings per share). |
|---|---|
| SIGNIFICANT<br><br><br>ITEMS | • GAAP, Core<br>Earnings and Adjusted Core Earnings results included an overall pre-tax $14 million ($0.08 diluted earnings per share) reduction to provisions for loan losses which was primarily the net result of:<br><br><br><br> <br>^○^ $(52) million in connection with the adoption of a new accounting standard (ASU 2022-02).<br><br><br><br> <br>^○^ $23 million in connection with the resolution of certain private legacy loans in bankruptcy.<br> <br><br><br><br>• GAAP and Core Earnings results also included regulatory and restructuring expenses of $6 million<br>($0.04 diluted loss per share). |
CEO COMMENTARY – “Navient’s first-quarter performance reflects the strong and balanced capabilities of our organization,” said Jack Remondi, president and CEO of Navient. “We continue to create long-term value for clients, shareholders and employees by growing our consumer lending and business-to-business services, effectively and efficiently managing cash flows from our legacy student-loan portfolios and reducing our risk and improving efficiency.”
| FIRST-QUARTER HIGHLIGHTS | |
|---|---|
| FEDERAL EDUCATION LOANS SEGMENT | • Net income of $87 million.<br><br><br><br> <br>• Net interest margin of<br>1.12%. |
| --- | --- |
| CONSUMER LENDING SEGMENT | • Net income of $110 million.<br><br><br><br> <br>• Net interest margin of<br>3.12%.<br> <br><br> <br>• Originated<br>$168 million of Private Education Loans. |
| BUSINESS PROCESSING SEGMENT | • Revenue of $72 million.<br><br><br><br> <br>• Net income of $4 million<br>and EBITDA^(1)^of $5 million. |
| CAPITAL & FUNDING | • GAAP equity-to-asset ratio of 4.4% and adjusted tangible equity ratio^(1)^ of 8.5%.<br> <br><br><br><br>• Repurchased $85 million of common shares. $515 million common share repurchase authority<br>remains outstanding.<br> <br><br> <br>• Paid<br>$21 million in common stock dividends.<br> <br><br><br><br>• Retired $1 billion of unsecured debt. |
| EXPENSES | • GAAP operating expenses of<br>$185 million and Adjusted Core Earnings expenses^(1)^ of $183 million. |
| ^(1)^ | Item is a non-GAAP financial measure. For a description and reconciliation, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” on pages 15 – 24. |
| --- | --- |
| SEGMENT RESULTS — CORE EARNINGS | |
| --- | |
| FEDERAL EDUCATION LOANS | |
| --- | |
| In this<br>segment, Navient owns FFELP Loans and performs servicing for this loan portfolio, as well as for FFELP Loans owned by other institutions. |
FINANCIAL RESULTS AND KEY PERFORMANCE METRICS
| (Dollars in millions) | 1Q23 | 4Q22 | 1Q22 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net interest income | $ | 125 | $ | 115 | $ | 139 |
| Provision for loan losses | 10 | — | — | |||
| Other revenue | 19 | 23 | 29 | |||
| Total revenue | 134 | 138 | 168 | |||
| Expenses | 20 | 27 | 28 | |||
| Pre-tax income | 114 | 111 | 140 | |||
| Net income | $ | 87 | $ | 97 | $ | 107 |
| Segment net interest margin | 1.12% | .94% | 1.04% | |||
| FFELP Loans: | ||||||
| FFELP Loan spread | 1.25% | 1.08% | 1.11% | |||
| Provision for loan losses | $ | 10 | $ | — | $ | — |
| Net charge-offs | $ | 18 | $ | 11 | $ | 7 |
| Net charge-off rate | .22% | .13% | .07% | |||
| Greater than 30-days delinquency rate | 14.4% | 15.6% | 13.5% | |||
| Greater than 90-days delinquency rate | 7.9% | 9.6% | 6.4% | |||
| Forbearance rate | 16.9% | 18.1% | 12.9% | |||
| Average FFELP Loans | $ | 43,263 | $ | 45,580 | $ | 52,258 |
| Ending FFELP Loans, net | $ | 42,148 | $ | 43,525 | $ | 51,013 |
| (Dollars in billions) | ||||||
| Total federal loans serviced | $ | 49 | $ | 51 | $ | 59 |
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS — 1Q23 vs. 1Q22
| • | Net income was $87 million compared to $107 million. |
|---|---|
| • | Net interest income decreased $14 million primarily due to the paydown of the portfolio. |
| --- | --- |
| • | Provision for loan losses increased $10 million. The $10 million of provision for loan losses in the current<br>period primarily was a result of the extension of the portfolio and the resulting increase in unamortized premium allocated to expected future defaults. |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | Net charge-offs were $18 million compared to $7 million. |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | Delinquencies greater than 90 days were $2.7 billion compared to $2.7 billion. |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | Forbearances were $6.8 billion compared to $6.3 billion. |
| --- | --- |
| • | Other revenue decreased $10 million due to lower contract-exit transition services and asset recovery revenue.<br> |
| --- | --- |
| • | Expenses were $8 million lower as a result of the paydown of the loan portfolio as well as the decrease in other<br>revenue discussed above. |
| --- | --- |
2
CONSUMER LENDING
In this segment, Navient owns, originates, acquires and services consumer loans.
FINANCIAL RESULTS AND KEY PERFORMANCE METRICS
| (Dollars in millions) | 1Q23 | 4Q22 | 1Q22 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net interest income | $ | 153 | $ | 147 | $ | 152 |
| Provision for loan losses | (24) | 17 | 16 | |||
| Other revenue | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||
| Total revenue | 180 | 133 | 139 | |||
| Expenses | 37 | 36 | 35 | |||
| Pre-tax income | 143 | 97 | 104 | |||
| Net income | $ | 110 | $ | 84 | $ | 79 |
| Segment net interest margin | 3.12% | 2.87% | 2.80% | |||
| Private Education Loans (including Refinance Loans): | ||||||
| Private Education Loan spread | 3.28% | 3.01% | 2.97% | |||
| Provision for loan losses | $ | (24) | $ | 17 | $ | 16 |
| Net charge-offs | $ | 75 | $ | 75 | $ | 69 |
| Net charge-off rate | 1.63% | 1.56% | 1.38% | |||
| Greater than 30-days delinquency rate | 4.5% | 5.0% | 4.0% | |||
| Greater than 90-days delinquency rate | 2.0% | 2.2% | 1.6% | |||
| Forbearance rate | 1.9% | 2.1% | 2.0% | |||
| Average Private Education Loans | $ | 19,289 | $ | 19,790 | $ | 21,157 |
| Ending Private Education Loans, net | $ | 18,275 | $ | 18,725 | $ | 20,088 |
| Private Education Refinance Loans: | ||||||
| Net charge-offs | $ | 8 | $ | 7 | $ | 6 |
| Greater than 90-days delinquency rate | .3% | .2% | .1% | |||
| Average Private Education Refinance Loans | $ | 9,521 | $ | 9,772 | $ | 10,084 |
| Ending Private Education Refinance Loans, net | $ | 9,274 | $ | 9,516 | $ | 9,995 |
| Private Education Refinance Loan originations | $ | 135 | $ | 134 | $ | 941 |
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS — 1Q23 vs. 1Q22
| • | Originated $168 million of Private Education Loans compared to $966 million. |
|---|---|
| ^○^ | Refinance Loan originations were $135 million compared to $941 million. |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | In-school loan originations were $33 million compared to $25 million.<br> |
| --- | --- |
| • | Net income was $110 million compared to $79 million. |
| --- | --- |
| • | Net interest income increased $1 million due to an increase in the net interest margin primarily due to improved<br>funding spreads. This was partially offset by the paydown of the portfolio. |
| --- | --- |
| • | Provision for loan losses decreased $40 million. The negative provision for loan losses of $(24) million in the<br>current period included $(52) million in connection with the adoption of a new accounting standard (ASU 2022-02) (see “GAAP Comparison of 2023 Results with 2022” on page 9 for further discussion),<br>$5 million in connection with loan originations and $23 million in connection with the resolution of certain private legacy loans in bankruptcy. The provision of $16 million in the year-ago<br>quarter included $11 million in connection with loan originations and $5 million related to a reserve build. The increases in charge-offs and delinquencies detailed below are primarily the result of loans that were experiencing repayment<br>difficulties pre-COVID returning to repayment after pandemic relief. |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | Net charge-offs were $75 million compared with $69 million. |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | Private Education Loan delinquencies greater than 90 days: $364 million, up $50 million from $314 million.<br> |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | Private Education Loan forbearances: $354 million, down $64 million from $418 million.<br> |
| --- | --- |
| • | Expenses increased $2 million. |
| --- | --- |
3
| BUSINESS PROCESSING |
|---|
| In this<br>segment, Navient performs business processing services for non-education related government and healthcare clients. |
FINANCIAL RESULTS AND KEY PERFORMANCE METRICS
| (Dollars in millions) | 1Q23 | 4Q22 | 1Q22 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue from government services | $ | 40 | $ | 39 | $ | 49 |
| Revenue from healthcare services | 32 | 31 | 45 | |||
| Total fee revenue | 72 | 70 | 94 | |||
| Expenses | 67 | 63 | 76 | |||
| Pre-tax income | 5 | 7 | 18 | |||
| Net income | $ | 4 | $ | 6 | $ | 14 |
| EBITDA^(1)^ | $ | 5 | $ | 8 | $ | 19 |
| EBITDA<br>margin^(1)^ | 7% | 11% | 20% | |||
| ^(1)^ | Item is a non-GAAP financial measure. For a description and reconciliation, see<br>“Non-GAAP Financial Measures” on pages 15 – 24. | |||||
| --- | --- |
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS — 1Q23 vs. 1Q22
| • | Revenue was $72 million, $22 million lower due to the expected $37 million wind-down of pandemic-related<br>contracts which was partially offset by a $15 million growth in ongoing government and healthcare services. |
|---|---|
| • | Net income was $4 million compared to $14 million. |
| --- | --- |
| • | EBITDA was $5 million, down $14 million, primarily the result of the revenue decrease discussed above. Upfront start-up costs on new contracts were $4 million in first-quarter 2023. Excluding these contract start-up costs, first-quarter 2023 EBITDA and EBITDA margin would be<br>$9 million and 13%, respectively. |
| --- | --- |
Definitions for capitalized terms in this release can be found in Navient’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (filed with the SEC on February 24, 2023).
Navient will hold a live audio webcast on April 26, 2023, at 8 a.m. ET, hosted by Jack Remondi, president and CEO, and Joe Fisher, CFO.
Analysts and investors who wish to ask questions are requested to pre-register at Navient.com/investors at least 15 minutes ahead of start time to receive their personal dial-in access details. Others who wish to join in listen-only mode do not need to pre-register and may simply visit Navient.com/investors to access the webcast.
Supplemental financial information and presentation slides used during the call will be available no later than start time. A replay of the webcast will be available approximately two hours after the event’s conclusion.
This news release contains “forward-looking statements,” within the meaning of the federalsecurities law, about our business and prospects and other information that is based on management’s current expectations as of the date of this release. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about the company’s beliefs, opinions or expectations and statements that assume or are dependent upon future events, are forward-looking statements and often contain words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “see,” “will,” “would,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “goal,” or “target.” Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from those reflected in such forward-looking statements. For Navient, these factors include, among others, the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, including changes in the macroeconomic environment, restrictions on business, individual or travel activities intended to slow the spread of the pandemic and volatility in market conditions resulting from the pandemic including interest rates, the value of equities and other financial assets; the risks and uncertainties associated with increases in financing costs; the availability of financing or limits on our liquidity resulting from disruptions in the capital markets or other factors; unanticipated increases in costs associated with compliance with federal, state or local laws and regulations; changes in the demand for asset management and business processing solutions or other changes in marketplaces in which we compete (including increased competition); changes in accounting standards including but not limited to changes pertaining to loan loss reserves and estimates or other accounting standards that may impact our operations; adverse outcomes in any
4
significant litigation to which the company is a party; credit risk associated with the company’s underwriting standards or exposure to third parties, including counterparties to hedging transactions; and changes in the terms of education loans and the educational credit marketplace (including changes resulting from the CARES Act or other new laws and the implementation of existing laws). The company could also be affected by, among other things: unanticipated repayment trends on education loans including prepayments or deferrals resulting from new interpretations of current laws, rules or regulations or future laws, executive orders or other policy initiatives which operate to encourage or require consolidation, abolish existing or create additional income-based repayment or debt forgiveness programs or establish other policies and programs which may increase the prepayment rates on education loans and accelerate repayment of the bonds in our securitization trusts; reductions to our credit ratings, the credit ratings of asset-backed securitizations we sponsor or the credit ratings of the United States of America; failures of our operating systems or infrastructure or those of third-party vendors; risks related to cybersecurity including the potential disruption of our systems or those of our third-party vendors or customers, or potential disclosure of confidential customer information; damage to our reputation resulting from cyber-breaches or litigation; failure to successfully implement cost-cutting initiatives and adverse effects of such initiatives on our business; failure to adequately integrate acquisitions or realize anticipated benefits from acquisitions including delays or errors in converting portfolio acquisitions to our servicing platform; changes in law and regulations whether new laws or regulations, or new interpretations of existing laws and regulations applicable to any of our businesses or activities or those of our vendors, suppliers or customers; changes in the general interest rate environment, including the availability of any relevant money-market index rate, including LIBOR, or the relationship between the relevant money-market index rate and the rate at which our assets are priced; our ability to successfully effectuate any acquisitions and other strategic initiatives; activities by shareholder activists, including a proxy contest or any unsolicited takeover proposal; changes in general economic conditions, including the potential impact of persistent inflation; and the other factors that are described in the “Risk Factors” section of Navient’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, and in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The preparation of the company’s consolidated financial statements also requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions including estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates or assumptions may prove to be incorrect and actual results could differ materially. All forward-looking statements contained in this release are qualified by these cautionary statements and are made only as of the date of this release. The company does not undertake any obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements except as required by law.
* * *
About Navient
Navient (Nasdaq: NAVI) provides technology-enabled education finance and business processing solutions that simplify complex programs and help millions of people achieve success. Our customer-focused, data-driven services deliver exceptional results for clients in education, healthcare and government. Learn more at Navient.com.
Contact:
| Media: | Paul Hartwick,<br>302-283-4026, paul.hartwick@navient.com |
|---|---|
| Investors: | Jen Earyes, 703-984-6801,<br>jen.earyes@navient.com |
# # #
5
| SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND RATIOS | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (In millions, except per share data) | March 31,2023 | December 31,2022 | March 31,2022 | |||
| GAAP Basis | ||||||
| Net income | $ | 111 | $ | 105 | $ | 255 |
| Diluted earnings per common share | $ | .86 | $ | .78 | $ | 1.67 |
| Weighted average shares used to compute diluted earnings per share | 130 | 134 | 153 | |||
| Return on assets | .68% | .60% | 1.34% | |||
| Core Earnings Basis^(1)^ | ||||||
| Net income^(1)^ | $ | 133 | $ | 102 | $ | 135 |
| Diluted earnings per common share^(1)^ | $ | 1.02 | $ | .76 | $ | .88 |
| Adjusted diluted earnings per common share^(1)^ | $ | 1.06 | $ | .85 | $ | .90 |
| Weighted average shares used to compute diluted earnings per share | 130 | 134 | 153 | |||
| Net interest margin, Federal Education Loan segment | 1.12% | .94% | 1.04% | |||
| Net interest margin, Consumer Lending segment | 3.12% | 2.87% | 2.80% | |||
| Return on assets | .82% | .58% | .71% | |||
| Education Loan Portfolio | ||||||
| Ending FFELP Loans, net | $ | 42,148 | $ | 43,525 | $ | 51,013 |
| Ending Private Education Loans, net | 18,275 | 18,725 | 20,088 | |||
| Ending total education loans, net | $ | 60,423 | $ | 62,250 | $ | 71,101 |
| Average FFELP Loans | $ | 43,263 | $ | 45,580 | $ | 52,258 |
| Average Private Education Loans | 19,289 | 19,790 | 21,157 | |||
| Average total education loans | $ | 62,552 | $ | 65,370 | $ | 73,415 |
| ^(1)^ | Item is a non-GAAP financial measure. For a description and reconciliation, see<br>“Non-GAAP Financial Measures” on pages 15 – 24. | |||||
| --- | --- |
6
| RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
|---|
We present the results of operations below first in accordance with GAAP. Following our discussion of earnings results on a GAAP basis, we present our results on a segment basis. We have four reportable operating segments: Federal Education Loans, Consumer Lending, Business Processing and Other. These segments operate in distinct business environments and we manage and evaluate the financial performance of these segments using non-GAAP financial measures we call Core Earnings (see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures — Core Earnings” for further discussion).
| GAAP INCOME STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 31, 2023vs.December 31, 2022 | March 31, 2023vs.March 31, 2022 | |||||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| QUARTERS ENDED | Increase(Decrease) | Increase(Decrease) | ||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share data) | March 31,2023 | December 31,2022 | March 31,2022 | % | % | |||||||
| Interest income: | ||||||||||||
| FFELP Loans | $ | 693 | $ | 655 | $ | 349 | 6% | 99% | ||||
| Private Education Loans | 344 | 332 | 276 | 4 | 25 | |||||||
| Cash and investments | 34 | 37 | 1 | (8) | 3,300 | |||||||
| Total interest income | 1,071 | 1,024 | 626 | 5 | 71 | |||||||
| Total interest expense | 837 | 801 | 289 | 4 | 190 | |||||||
| Net interest income | 234 | 223 | 337 | 5 | (31) | |||||||
| Less: provisions for loan losses | (14) | 17 | 16 | (182) | (188) | |||||||
| Net interest income after provisions for loan losses | 248 | 206 | 321 | 20 | (23) | |||||||
| Other income (loss): | ||||||||||||
| Servicing revenue | 17 | 17 | 18 | — | (6) | |||||||
| Asset recovery and business processing revenue | 72 | 72 | 97 | — | (26) | |||||||
| Other income (loss) | 7 | 10 | 10 | (30) | (30) | |||||||
| Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | (8) | 10 | 98 | (180) | (108) | |||||||
| Total other income (loss) | 88 | 109 | 223 | (19) | (61) | |||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 185 | 187 | 205 | (1) | (10) | |||||||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization expense | 3 | 3 | 4 | — | (25) | |||||||
| Restructuring/other reorganization expenses | 4 | 12 | 3 | (67) | 33 | |||||||
| Total expenses | 192 | 202 | 212 | (5) | (9) | |||||||
| Income before income tax expense | 144 | 113 | 332 | 27 | (57) | |||||||
| Income tax expense | 33 | 8 | 77 | 313 | (57) | |||||||
| Net income | $ | 111 | $ | 105 | $ | 255 | 6% | (56)% | ||||
| Basic earnings per common share | $ | .87 | $ | .79 | $ | 1.69 | 10% | (49)% | ||||
| Diluted earnings per common share | $ | .86 | $ | .78 | $ | 1.67 | 10% | (49)% | ||||
| Dividends per common share | $ | .16 | $ | .16 | $ | .16 | —% | —% |
All values are in US Dollars.
7
GAAP BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
| (In millions, except share and per share data) | December 31,2022 | March 31,2022 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assets | |||||
| FFELP Loans (net of allowance for losses of 214, 222 and 255, respectively) | 42,148 | $ | 43,525 | $ | 51,013 |
| Private Education Loans (net of allowance for losses of 706, 800 and 964, respectively) | 18,275 | 18,725 | 20,088 | ||
| Investments | 153 | 167 | 210 | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 570 | 1,535 | 708 | ||
| Restricted cash and cash equivalents | 2,208 | 3,272 | 2,506 | ||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net | 703 | 705 | 722 | ||
| Other assets | 2,856 | 2,866 | 2,911 | ||
| Total assets | 66,913 | $ | 70,795 | $ | 78,158 |
| Liabilities | |||||
| Short-term borrowings | 5,753 | $ | 5,870 | $ | 3,802 |
| Long-term borrowings | 57,388 | 61,026 | 70,825 | ||
| Other liabilities | 814 | 922 | 701 | ||
| Total liabilities | 63,955 | 67,818 | 75,328 | ||
| Commitments and contingencies | |||||
| Equity | |||||
| Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, par value 0.20 per share; 2 million shares authorized<br>at December 31, 2021; no shares issued or outstanding | — | — | — | ||
| Common stock, par value 0.01 per share; 1.125 billion shares authorized: 464 million,<br>461 million and 461 million shares, respectively, issued | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||
| Additional paid-in capital | 3,335 | 3,313 | 3,302 | ||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 66 | 87 | (19) | ||
| Retained earnings | 4,579 | 4,490 | 4,167 | ||
| Total Navient Corporation stockholders’ equity before treasury stock | 7,984 | 7,894 | 7,454 | ||
| Less: Common stock held in treasury: 337 million, 331 million and 312 million shares,<br>respectively | (5,026) | (4,917) | (4,630) | ||
| Total Navient Corporation stockholders’ equity | 2,958 | 2,977 | 2,824 | ||
| Noncontrolling interest | — | — | 6 | ||
| Total equity | 2,958 | 2,977 | 2,830 | ||
| Total liabilities and equity | 66,913 | $ | 70,795 | $ | 78,158 |
All values are in US Dollars.
8
| GAAP COMPARISON OF 2023 RESULTS WITH 2022 |
|---|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 Compared with Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
For the three months ended March 31, 2023, net income was $111 million, or $0.86 diluted earnings per common share, compared with net income of $255 million, or $1.67 diluted earnings per common share, for the year-ago period.
The primary contributors to the change in net income are as follows:
| • | Net interest income decreased by $103 million primarily as a result of a $47 million decrease in mark-to-market gains on fair value hedges recorded in interest expense, an increase in interest rates as well as the paydown of the FFELP and Private Education Loan<br>portfolios. This was partially offset by an increase in the net interest margin primarily due to improved funding spreads. |
|---|---|
| • | Provisions for loan losses decreased $30 million from $16 million to $(14) million: |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | The provision for FFELP Loan losses increased $10 million from $0 to $10 million. |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | The provision for Private Education Loan losses decreased $40 million from $16 million to $(24) million.<br> |
| --- | --- |
The FFELP Loan provision for loan losses of $10 million in the current period was primarily a result of the extension of the portfolio and the resulting increase in unamortized premium allocated to expected future defaults.
The Private Education Loan provision for loan losses of $(24) million in the current period included $(52) million in connection with the adoption of a new accounting standard (ASU 2022-02), $5 million in connection with loan originations and $23 million in connection with the resolution of certain private legacy loans in bankruptcy. The provision of $16 million in the year-ago quarter included $11 million in connection with loan originations and $5 million related to a reserve build.
We adopted ASU No. 2022-02, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” on January 1, 2023. This new ASU eliminates the troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) recognition and measurement guidance. Prior to adopting this new guidance, as it relates to interest rate concessions granted as part of our Private Education Loan modification program, a discounted cash flow model was used to calculate the amount of interest forgiven for loans that were in the program and the present value of that interest rate concession was included as a part of the allowance for loan loss. This new guidance no longer allows the measurement and recognition of this element of our allowance for loan loss for new modifications that occur subsequent to January 1, 2023. As of December 31, 2022, the allowance for loan loss included $77 million related to this interest rate concession component of the allowance for loan loss. We elected to adopt this amendment using a prospective transition method which results in the $77 million releasing in 2023 and 2024 as the borrowers exit their current modification programs. $52 million of the $77 million was released in the first quarter of 2023.
| • | Asset recovery and business processing revenue decreased $25 million primarily as a result of the expected<br>$37 million reduction in revenue from the wind-down of pandemic-related contracts, which was partially offset by a $15 million increase in revenue from services for our traditional services clients. The remaining $3 million decrease<br>was related to revenue earned in our Federal Education Loan segment and was a result of exiting that business line in fourth-quarter 2022. |
|---|---|
| • | Net gains on derivative and hedging activities decreased $106 million. The primary factors affecting the change were<br>interest rate fluctuations. Valuations of derivative instruments fluctuate based upon many factors including changes in interest rates and other market factors. As a result, net gains and losses on derivative and hedging activities may vary<br>significantly in future periods. |
| --- | --- |
| • | Excluding net regulatory-related expenses of $2 million and $1 million in the first quarters of 2023 and 2022,<br>respectively, operating expenses were $183 million and $204 million in the first quarters of 2023 and 2022, respectively. This $21 million decrease was primarily related to the decline in Business Processing pandemic-related revenue<br>as well as a decline in overall servicing costs. |
| --- | --- |
We repurchased 4.9 million and 6.2 million shares of our common stock during the first quarters of 2023 and 2022, respectively. As a result of repurchases, our average outstanding diluted shares decreased by 23 million common shares (or 15%) from the year-ago period.
9
| PRIVATE EDUCATION LOANS PORTFOLIOPERFORMANCE |
|---|
Private Education Loan Delinquencies and Forbearance
| March 31,2023 | December 31,2022 | March 31,2022 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in millions) | Balance | % | Balance | % | Balance | % | ||||||
| Loans in-school/grace/deferment^(1)^ | $ | 369 | $ | 354 | $ | 377 | ||||||
| Loans in forbearance^(2)^ | 354 | 401 | 418 | |||||||||
| Loans in repayment and percentage of each status: | ||||||||||||
| Loans current | 17,439 | 95.5% | 17,838 | 95.0% | 19,447 | 96.0% | ||||||
| Loans delinquent 31-60 days^(3)^ | 290 | 1.6 | 335 | 1.8 | 290 | 1.4 | ||||||
| Loans delinquent 61-90 days^(3)^ | 165 | .9 | 186 | 1.0 | 206 | 1.0 | ||||||
| Loans delinquent greater than 90 days^(3)^ | 364 | 2.0 | 411 | 2.2 | 314 | 1.6 | ||||||
| Total Private Education Loans in repayment | 18,258 | 100% | 18,770 | 100% | 20,257 | 100% | ||||||
| Total Private Education Loans | 18,981 | 19,525 | 21,052 | |||||||||
| Private Education Loan allowance for losses | (706) | (800) | (964) | |||||||||
| Private Education Loans, net | $ | 18,275 | $ | 18,725 | $ | 20,088 | ||||||
| Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 96.2% | 96.1% | 96.2% | |||||||||
| Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 4.5% | 5.0% | 4.0% | |||||||||
| Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance | 1.9% | 2.1% | 2.0% | |||||||||
| Cosigner rate^(4)^ | 33% | 33% | 34% | |||||||||
| ^(1)^ | Loans for customers who are attending school or are in other permitted educational activities and are not yet required to<br>make payments on their loans, e.g., internship periods, as well as loans for customers who have requested and qualify for other permitted program deferments such as various military eligible deferments. | |||||||||||
| --- | --- | |||||||||||
| ^(2)^ | Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have<br>temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors such as disaster relief, including COVID-19 relief programs, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures.<br> | |||||||||||
| --- | --- | |||||||||||
| ^(3)^ | The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.<br> | |||||||||||
| --- | --- | |||||||||||
| ^(4)^ | Excluding Private Education Refinance Loans, which do not have a cosigner, the cosigner rate was 65% for first-quarter<br>2023, fourth-quarter 2022 and first-quarter 2022. | |||||||||||
| --- | --- |
10
| ALLOWANCE FORLOAN LOSSES | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QUARTER ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| March 31, 2023 | ||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | FFELP<br>Loans | Private Education Loans | Total | |||
| Allowance at beginning of period | $ | 222 | $ | 800 | $ | 1,022 |
| Total provision | 10 | (24) | (14) | |||
| Charge-offs: | ||||||
| Gross charge-offs | (18) | (88) | (106) | |||
| Expected future recoveries on current period gross charge-offs | — | 13 | 13 | |||
| Net charge-offs^(1)^ | (18) | (75) | (93) | |||
| Decrease in expected future recoveries on previously fully<br>charged-off loans^(2)^ | — | 5 | 5 | |||
| Allowance at end of period (GAAP) | 214 | 706 | 920 | |||
| Plus: expected future recoveries on previously fully charged-off<br>loans^(2)^ | — | 268 | 268 | |||
| Allowance at end of period excluding expected future recoveries on previously fully charged-off loans (Non-GAAP Financial Measure)^(3)^ | $ | 214 | $ | 974 | $ | 1,188 |
| Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) | .22% | 1.63% | ||||
| Allowance coverage of charge-offs<br>(annualized)^(3)^ | 2.9 | 3.2 | (Non-GAAP) | |||
| Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan<br>balance^(3)^ | .5% | 5.1% | (Non-GAAP) | |||
| Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in<br>repayment^(3)^ | .6% | 5.4% | (Non-GAAP) | |||
| Ending total loans | $ | 42,362 | $ | 18,981 | ||
| Average loans in repayment | $ | 34,305 | $ | 18,552 | ||
| Ending loans in repayment | $ | 33,740 | $ | 18,258 | ||
| QUARTER ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| December 31, 2022 | ||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | FFELP<br>Loans | Private Education Loans | Total | |||
| Allowance at beginning of period | $ | 233 | $ | 852 | $ | 1,085 |
| Total provision | — | 17 | 17 | |||
| Charge-offs: | ||||||
| Gross charge-offs | (11) | (88) | (99) | |||
| Expected future recoveries on current period gross charge-offs | — | 13 | 13 | |||
| Net charge-offs^(1)^ | (11) | (75) | (86) | |||
| Decrease in expected future recoveries on previously fully<br>charged-off loans^(2)^ | — | 6 | 6 | |||
| Allowance at end of period (GAAP) | 222 | 800 | 1,022 | |||
| Plus: expected future recoveries on previously fully charged-off<br>loans^(2)^ | — | 274 | 274 | |||
| Allowance at end of period excluding expected future recoveries on previously fully charged-off loans (Non-GAAP Financial Measure)^(3)^ | $ | 222 | $ | 1,074 | $ | 1,296 |
| Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) | .13% | 1.56% | ||||
| Allowance coverage of charge-offs<br>(annualized)^(3)^ | 4.7 | 3.6 | (Non-GAAP) | |||
| Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan<br>balance^(3)^ | .5% | 5.5% | (Non-GAAP) | |||
| Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in<br>repayment^(3)^ | .6% | 5.8% | (Non-GAAP) | |||
| Ending total loans | $ | 43,747 | $ | 19,525 | ||
| Average loans in repayment | $ | 35,996 | $ | 19,023 | ||
| Ending loans in repayment | $ | 34,372 | $ | 18,770 |
11
| QUARTER ENDED | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 31, 2022 | ||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | FFELP<br>Loans | Private Education Loans | Total | |||
| Allowance at beginning of period | $ | 262 | $ | 1,009 | $ | 1,271 |
| Total provision | — | 16 | 16 | |||
| Charge-offs: | ||||||
| Gross charge-offs | (7) | (81) | (88) | |||
| Expected future recoveries on current period gross charge-offs | — | 12 | 12 | |||
| Net charge-offs^(1)^ | (7) | (69) | (76) | |||
| Decrease in expected future recoveries on previously fully<br>charged-off loans^(2)^ | — | 8 | 8 | |||
| Allowance at end of period (GAAP) | 255 | 964 | 1,219 | |||
| Plus: expected future recoveries on previously fully charged-off<br>loans^(2)^ | — | 321 | 321 | |||
| Allowance at end of period excluding expected future recoveries on previously fully charged-off loans (Non-GAAP Financial Measure)^(3)^ | $ | 255 | $ | 1,285 | $ | 1,540 |
| Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) | .07% | 1.38% | ||||
| Allowance coverage of charge-offs<br>(annualized)^(3)^ | 8.8 | 4.6 | (Non-GAAP) | |||
| Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan<br>balance^(3)^ | .5% | 6.1% | (Non-GAAP) | |||
| Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in<br>repayment^(3)^ | .6% | 6.3% | (Non-GAAP) | |||
| Ending total loans | $ | 51,268 | $ | 21,052 | ||
| Average loans in repayment | $ | 43,125 | $ | 20,387 | ||
| Ending loans in repayment | $ | 42,724 | $ | 20,257 | ||
| ^(1)^ | Charge-offs are reported net of expected recoveries. For Private Education Loans, we charge off the estimated loss of a<br>defaulted loan balance by charging off the entire defaulted loan balance and estimating recoveries on a pool basis. These estimated recoveries are referred to as “expected future recoveries on previously fully<br>charged-off loans.” For FFELP Loans, the recovery is received at the time of charge-off. | |||||
| --- | --- | |||||
| ^(2)^ | At the end of each month, for Private Education Loans that are 212 or more days past due, we charge off the estimated loss<br>of a defaulted loan balance by charging off the entire loan balance and estimating recoveries on a pool basis. These estimated recoveries are referred to as “expected future recoveries on previously fully<br>charged-off loans.” If actual periodic recoveries are less than expected, the difference is immediately reflected as a reduction to expected future recoveries on previously fully charged-off loans. If actual periodic recoveries are greater than expected, they will be reflected as a recovery through the allowance for Private Education Loan losses once the cumulative recovery amount exceeds<br>the cumulative amount originally expected to be recovered. The following table summarizes the activity in the expected future recoveries on previously fully charged-off loans: | |||||
| --- | --- | |||||
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2023 | December 31,<br>2022 | March 31,<br>2022 | |||
| Beginning of period expected future recoveries on previously fully<br>charged-off loans | $ | 274 | $ | 280 | $ | 329 |
| Expected future recoveries of current period defaults | 13 | 13 | 12 | |||
| Recoveries (cash collected) | (13) | (13) | (15) | |||
| Charge-offs (as a result of lower recovery expectations) | (6) | (6) | (5) | |||
| End of period expected future recoveries on previously fully<br>charged-off loans | $ | 268 | $ | 274 | $ | 321 |
| Change in balance during period | $ | (5) | $ | (6) | $ | (8) |
| ^(3)^ | For Private Education Loans, the item is a non-GAAP financial measure. For a<br>description and reconciliation, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” | |||||
| --- | --- |
12
| LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES |
|---|
We expect to fund our ongoing liquidity needs, including the repayment of $1.1 billion of senior unsecured notes that mature in the short term (i.e., over the next 12 months) and the remaining $4.9 billion of senior unsecured notes that mature in the long term (from 2024 to 2043 with 77% maturing by 2029), through a number of sources. These sources include our cash on hand, unencumbered FFELP Loan and Private Education Refinance Loan portfolios (see “Sources of Primary Liquidity” below), the predictable operating cash flows provided by operating activities, the repayment of principal on unencumbered education loan assets, and the distribution of overcollateralization from our securitization trusts. We may also, depending on market conditions and availability, draw down on our secured FFELP Loan and Private Education Loan facilities, issue term ABS, enter into additional Private Education Loan ABS repurchase facilities, or issue additional unsecured debt.
We originate Private Education Loans (a portion of which is obtained through a forward purchase agreement). We also have purchased and may purchase, in future periods, Private Education Loan and FFELP Loan portfolios from third parties. Those originations and purchases are part of our ongoing liquidity needs. We repurchased 4.9 million shares of common stock for $85 million in the first quarter of 2023 and have $515 million of unused share repurchase authority as of March 31, 2023.
| SOURCES OFLIQUIDITY |
|---|
Sources of Primary Liquidity
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2023 | December 31,<br>2022 | March 31,<br>2022 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ending balances: | ||||||
| Total unrestricted cash and liquid investments | $ | 570 | $ | 1,535 | $ | 708 |
| Unencumbered FFELP Loans | 62 | 68 | 222 | |||
| Unencumbered Private Education Refinance Loans | 37 | 55 | 232 | |||
| Total | $ | 669 | $ | 1,658 | $ | 1,162 |
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2023 | December 31,<br>2022 | March 31,<br>2022 | |||
| Average balances: | ||||||
| Total unrestricted cash and liquid investments | $ | 825 | $ | 1,517 | $ | 874 |
| Unencumbered FFELP Loans | 85 | 153 | 177 | |||
| Unencumbered Private Education Refinance Loans | 66 | 300 | 343 | |||
| Total | $ | 976 | $ | 1,970 | $ | 1,394 |
13
Sources of Additional Liquidity
Liquidity may also be available under our secured credit facilities. Maximum borrowing capacity under the FFELP Loan and Private Education Loan asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) facilities will vary and be subject to each agreement’s borrowing conditions, including, among others, facility size, current usage and availability of qualifying collateral from unencumbered loans. The following tables detail the additional borrowing capacity of these facilities with maturity dates ranging from June 2023 to April 2024.
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2023 | December 31,<br>2022 | March 31,<br>2022 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ending balances: | ||||||
| FFELP Loan ABCP facilities | $ | 57 | $ | 101 | $ | 352 |
| Private Education Loan ABCP facilities | 1,028 | 1,248 | 2,137 | |||
| Total | $ | 1,085 | $ | 1,349 | $ | 2,489 |
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2023 | December 31,<br>2022 | March 31,<br>2022 | |||
| Average balances: | ||||||
| FFELP Loan ABCP facilities | $ | 107 | $ | 193 | $ | 382 |
| Private Education Loan ABCP facilities | 1,141 | 1,556 | 2,239 | |||
| Total | $ | 1,248 | $ | 1,749 | $ | 2,621 |
At March 31, 2023, we had a total of $3.0 billion of unencumbered tangible assets inclusive of those listed in the table above as sources of primary liquidity. Total unencumbered education loans comprised $1.5 billion of our unencumbered tangible assets of which $1.5 billion and $62 million related to Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans, respectively. In addition, as of March 31, 2023, we had $5.4 billion of encumbered net assets (i.e., overcollateralization) in our various financing facilities (consolidated variable interest entities). Our secured financing facilities include Private Education Loan ABS Repurchase Facilities, which had $0.6 billion outstanding as of March 31, 2023. These repurchase facilities are collateralized by the net assets in previously issued Private Education Loan ABS trusts and have had a cost of funds lower than that of a new unsecured debt issuance.
The following table reconciles encumbered and unencumbered assets and their net impact on total Tangible Equity.
| (Dollars in billions) | March 31,<br>2023 | December 31,<br>2022 | March 31,<br>2022 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net assets of consolidated variable interest entities <br>(encumbered assets) — FFELP<br>Loans | $ | 3.7 | $ | 3.7 | $ | 3.8 |
| Net assets of consolidated variable interest entities <br>(encumbered assets) — Private Education<br>Loans | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.9 | |||
| Tangible unencumbered assets^(1)^ | 3.0 | 4.1 | 4.0 | |||
| Senior unsecured debt | (6.0) | (7.0) | (7.0) | |||
| Mark-to-market on unsecured<br>hedged debt^(2)^ | .2 | .3 | (.1) | |||
| Other liabilities, net | (.3) | (.3) | (.5) | |||
| Total Tangible Equity^(1)^ | $ | 2.3 | $ | 2.3 | $ | 2.1 |
| ^(1)^ | Item is a non-GAAP financial measure. For a description and reconciliation, see<br>“Non-GAAP Financial Measures” on pages 15 – 24. | |||||
| --- | --- | |||||
| ^(2)^ | At March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, there were $(207) million,<br>$(285) million and $35 million, respectively, of net gains (losses) on derivatives hedging this debt in unencumbered assets, which partially offset these gains (losses). | |||||
| --- | --- |
14
| NON-GAAPFINANCIAL MEASURES |
|---|
In addition to financial results reported on a GAAP basis, Navient also provides certain performance measures which are non-GAAP financial measures. We present the following non-GAAP financial measures: (1) Core Earnings (as well as Adjusted Core Earnings), (2) Tangible Equity (as well as the Adjusted Tangible Equity Ratio), (3) EBITDA for the Business Processing segment, and (4) Allowance for Loan Losses Excluding Expected Future Recoveries on Previously Fully Charged-off Loans. Definitions for the non-GAAP financial measures and reconciliations are provided below, except that reconciliations of forward-looking non-GAAP financial measures are not provided because the company is unable to provide such reconciliations without unreasonable effort due to the uncertainty and inherent difficulty of predicting the occurrence and financial impact of certain items, including, but not limited to, the impact of any mark-to-market gains/losses resulting from our use of derivative instruments to hedge our economic risks.
1. Core Earnings
We prepare financial statements and present financial results in accordance with GAAP. However, we also evaluate our business segments and present financial results on a basis that differs from GAAP. We refer to this different basis of presentation as Core Earnings. We provide this Core Earnings basis of presentation on a consolidated basis and for each business segment because this is what we review internally when making management decisions regarding our performance and how we allocate resources. We also refer to this information in our presentations with credit rating agencies, lenders and investors. Because our Core Earnings basis of presentation corresponds to our segment financial presentations, we are required by GAAP to provide certain Core Earnings disclosures in the notes to our consolidated financial statements for our business segments.
Core Earnings are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP. We use Core Earnings to manage our business segments because Core Earnings reflect adjustments to GAAP financial results for two items, discussed below, that can create significant volatility mostly due to timing factors generally beyond the control of management. Accordingly, we believe that Core Earnings provide management with a useful basis from which to better evaluate results from ongoing operations against the business plan or against results from prior periods. Consequently, we disclose this information because we believe it provides investors with additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management. When compared to GAAP results, the two items we remove to result in our Core Earnings presentations are:
| (1) | Mark-to-market gains/losses resulting<br>from our use of derivative instruments to hedge our economic risks that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment or do qualify for hedge accounting treatment but result in ineffectiveness; and |
|---|---|
| (2) | The accounting for goodwill and acquired intangible assets. |
| --- | --- |
While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, our Core Earnings basis of presentation does not. Core Earnings are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our Core Earnings are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Accordingly, our Core Earnings presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Investors, therefore, may not be able to compare our performance with that of other financial services companies based upon Core Earnings. Core Earnings results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, our board of directors, credit rating agencies, lenders and investors to assess performance.
15
The following tables show our consolidated GAAP results, Core Earnings results (including for each reportable segment) along with the adjustments made to the income/expense items to reconcile the consolidated GAAP results to the Core Earnings results as required by GAAP.
| QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjustments | Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | TotalGAAP | Reclassi-fications | Additions/(Subtractions) | TotalAdjustments^(1)^ | TotalCoreEarnings | FederalEducationLoans | ConsumerLending | BusinessProcessing | Other | |||||||||
| Interest income: | ||||||||||||||||||
| Education loans | $ | 1,037 | $ | 695 | $ | 344 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||
| Cash and investments | 34 | 20 | 6 | — | 8 | |||||||||||||
| Total interest income | 1,071 | 715 | 350 | — | 8 | |||||||||||||
| Total interest expense | 837 | 590 | 197 | — | 33 | |||||||||||||
| Net interest income (loss) | 234 | $ | 12 | $ | 7 | $ | 19 | $ | 253 | 125 | 153 | — | (25) | |||||
| Less: provisions for loan losses | (14) | (14) | 10 | (24) | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses | 248 | 115 | 177 | — | (25) | |||||||||||||
| Other income (loss): | ||||||||||||||||||
| Servicing revenue | 17 | 14 | 3 | — | — | |||||||||||||
| Asset recovery and business processing revenue | 72 | — | — | 72 | — | |||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | (1) | 5 | — | — | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | 88 | (12) | 20 | 8 | 96 | 19 | 3 | 72 | 2 | |||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||
| Direct operating expenses | 124 | 20 | 37 | 67 | — | |||||||||||||
| Unallocated shared services expenses | 61 | — | — | — | 61 | |||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 185 | 185 | 20 | 37 | 67 | 61 | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization | 3 | — | (3) | (3) | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Restructuring/other reorganization <br>expenses | 4 | — | — | — | 4 | — | — | — | 4 | |||||||||
| Total expenses | 192 | — | (3) | (3) | 189 | 20 | 37 | 67 | 65 | |||||||||
| Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) | 144 | — | 30 | 30 | 174 | 114 | 143 | 5 | (88) | |||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit)^(2)^ | 33 | — | 8 | 8 | 41 | 27 | 33 | 1 | (20) | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 111 | $ | — | $ | 22 | $ | 22 | $ | 133 | $ | 87 | $ | 110 | $ | 4 | $ | (68) |
| ^(1)^ | Core Earnings adjustments to GAAP: | |||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | |||||||||||||||||
| QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Net Impact ofDerivativeAccounting | Net Impact ofGoodwill andAcquiredIntangibles | Total | |||||||||||||||
| Net interest income after provisions for loan losses | $ | 19 | $ | — | $ | 19 | ||||||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | 8 | — | 8 | |||||||||||||||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization | — | (3) | (3) | |||||||||||||||
| Total Core Earnings adjustments to GAAP | $ | 27 | $ | 3 | 30 | |||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 8 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 22 | ||||||||||||||||
| ^(2)^ | Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.<br> | |||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- |
16
| QUARTER ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjustments | Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | TotalGAAP | Reclassi-<br>fications | Additions/(Subtractions) | TotalAdjustments^(1)^ | TotalCoreEarnings | FederalEducationLoans | ConsumerLending | BusinessProcessing | Other | |||||||||
| Interest income: | ||||||||||||||||||
| Education loans | $ | 987 | $ | 658 | $ | 332 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||
| Cash and investments | 37 | 20 | 5 | — | 12 | |||||||||||||
| Total interest income | 1,024 | 678 | 337 | — | 12 | |||||||||||||
| Total interest expense | 801 | 563 | 190 | — | 42 | |||||||||||||
| Net interest income (loss) | 223 | $ | 5 | $ | 4 | $ | 9 | $ | 232 | 115 | 147 | — | (30) | |||||
| Less: provisions for loan losses | 17 | 17 | — | 17 | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses | 206 | 115 | 130 | — | (30) | |||||||||||||
| Other income (loss): | ||||||||||||||||||
| Servicing revenue | 17 | 14 | 3 | — | — | |||||||||||||
| Asset recovery and business processing revenue | 72 | 2 | — | 70 | — | |||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | 20 | 7 | — | — | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | 109 | (5) | (5) | (10) | 99 | 23 | 3 | 70 | 3 | |||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||
| Direct operating expenses | 126 | 27 | 36 | 63 | — | |||||||||||||
| Unallocated shared services expenses | 61 | — | — | — | 61 | |||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 187 | 187 | 27 | 36 | 63 | 61 | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization | 3 | — | (3) | (3) | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Restructuring/other reorganization <br>expenses | 12 | — | — | — | 12 | — | — | — | 12 | |||||||||
| Total expenses | 202 | — | (3) | (3) | 199 | 27 | 36 | 63 | 73 | |||||||||
| Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) | 113 | — | 2 | 2 | 115 | 111 | 97 | 7 | (100) | |||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit)^(2)^ | 8 | — | 5 | 5 | 13 | 14 | 13 | 1 | (15) | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 105 | $ | — | $ | (3) | $ | (3) | $ | 102 | $ | 97 | $ | 84 | $ | 6 | $ | (85) |
| ^(1)^ | Core Earnings adjustments to GAAP: | |||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | |||||||||||||||||
| QUARTER ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Net Impact ofDerivativeAccounting | Net Impact ofGoodwill andAcquiredIntangibles | Total | |||||||||||||||
| Net interest income after provisions for loan losses | $ | 9 | $ | — | $ | 9 | ||||||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | (10) | — | (10) | |||||||||||||||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization | — | (3) | (3) | |||||||||||||||
| Total Core Earnings adjustments to GAAP | $ | (1) | $ | 3 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (3) | ||||||||||||||||
| ^(2)^ | Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.<br> | |||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- |
17
| QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjustments | Reportable Segments | |||||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | TotalGAAP | Reclassi-<br>fications | Additions/(Subtractions) | TotalAdjustments^(1)^ | TotalCoreEarnings | FederalEducationLoans | ConsumerLending | BusinessProcessing | Other | |||||||||
| Interest income: | ||||||||||||||||||
| Education loans | $ | 625 | $ | 334 | $ | 276 | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||
| Cash and investments | 1 | — | 1 | — | — | |||||||||||||
| Total interest income | 626 | 334 | 277 | — | — | |||||||||||||
| Total interest expense | 289 | 195 | 125 | — | 15 | |||||||||||||
| Net interest income (loss) | 337 | $ | (19) | $ | (42) | $ | (61) | $ | 276 | 139 | 152 | — | (15) | |||||
| Less: provisions for loan losses | 16 | 16 | — | 16 | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses | 321 | 139 | 136 | — | (15) | |||||||||||||
| Other income (loss): | ||||||||||||||||||
| Servicing revenue | 18 | 15 | 3 | — | — | |||||||||||||
| Asset recovery and business processing revenue | 97 | 3 | — | 94 | — | |||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | 108 | 11 | — | — | (1) | |||||||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | 223 | 19 | (117) | (98) | 125 | 29 | 3 | 94 | (1) | |||||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||
| Direct operating expenses | 139 | 28 | 35 | 76 | — | |||||||||||||
| Unallocated shared services expenses | 66 | — | — | — | 66 | |||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 205 | 205 | 28 | 35 | 76 | 66 | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization | 4 | — | (4) | (4) | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Restructuring/other reorganization <br>expenses | 3 | — | — | — | 3 | — | — | — | 3 | |||||||||
| Total expenses | 212 | — | (4) | (4) | 208 | 28 | 35 | 76 | 69 | |||||||||
| Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) | 332 | — | (155) | (155) | 177 | 140 | 104 | 18 | (85) | |||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit)^(2)^ | 77 | — | (35) | (35) | 42 | 33 | 25 | 4 | (20) | |||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 255 | $ | — | $ | (120) | $ | (120) | $ | 135 | $ | 107 | $ | 79 | $ | 14 | $ | (65) |
| ^(1)^ | Core Earnings adjustments to GAAP: | |||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | |||||||||||||||||
| QUARTER ENDED DECEMBER31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Net Impact ofDerivativeAccounting | Net Impact ofGoodwill andAcquiredIntangibles | Total | |||||||||||||||
| Net interest income after provisions for loan losses | $ | (61) | $ | — | $ | (61) | ||||||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | (98) | — | (98) | |||||||||||||||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization | — | (4) | (4) | |||||||||||||||
| Total Core Earnings adjustments to GAAP | $ | (159) | $ | 4 | (155) | |||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | (35) | |||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (120) | ||||||||||||||||
| ^(2)^ | Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.<br> | |||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- |
18
The following discussion summarizes the differences between GAAP and Core Earnings net income and details each specific adjustment required to reconcile our GAAP earnings to our Core Earnings segment presentation.
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,2023 | December 31,2022 | March 31,2022 | |||
| GAAP net income | $ | 111 | $ | 105 | $ | 255 |
| Core Earnings adjustments to GAAP: | ||||||
| Net impact of derivative accounting | 27 | (1) | (159) | |||
| Net impact of goodwill and acquired intangible assets | 3 | 3 | 4 | |||
| Net tax effect | (8) | (5) | 35 | |||
| Total Core Earnings adjustments to GAAP | 22 | (3) | (120) | |||
| Core Earnings net income | $ | 133 | $ | 102 | $ | 135 |
| (1) | Derivative Accounting: Core Earnings exclude periodic gains and losses that are caused by the mark-to-market valuations on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under GAAP, as well as the periodic mark-to-market gains and losses that are a result of ineffectiveness recognized related to effective hedges under GAAP. Under GAAP, for our derivatives that are held to maturity, the mark-to-market gain or loss over the life of the contract will equal $0 except for Floor Income Contracts, where the mark-to-market gain will equal the amount for which we originally sold the contract. In our Core Earnings presentation, we recognize the economic effect of these hedges, which generally results in any net<br>settlement cash paid or received being recognized ratably as an interest expense or revenue over the hedged item’s life. | |||||
| --- | --- |
19
The table below quantifies the adjustments for derivative accounting between GAAP and Core Earnings net income.
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2023 | December 31,<br>2022 | March 31,<br>2022 | |||
| Core Earnings derivative adjustments: | ||||||
| (Gains) losses on derivative and hedging activities, net, included in other income | $ | 8 | $ | (10) | $ | (98) |
| Plus: (Gains) losses on fair value hedging activity included in interest expense | 6 | 2 | (41) | |||
| Total GAAP (gains) losses | 14 | (8) | (139) | |||
| Plus: Settlement income (expense) on derivative and hedging activities, net^(1)^ | 12 | 5 | (19) | |||
| Mark-to market (gains) losses on derivative and hedging activities,<br>net^(2)^ | 26 | (3) | (158) | |||
| Amortization of net premiums on Floor Income Contracts in net interest income for Core Earnings | 2 | 3 | 4 | |||
| Other derivative accounting adjustments^(3)^ | (1) | (1) | (5) | |||
| Total net impact of derivative accounting | $ | 27 | $ | (1) | $ | (159) |
| ^(1)^ | Derivative accounting requires net settlement income/expense on derivatives that do not qualify as hedges to be recorded<br>in a separate income statement line item below net interest income. Under our Core Earnings presentation, these settlements are reclassified to the income statement line item of the economically hedged item. For our Core Earnings net interest<br>income, this would primarily include: (a) reclassifying the net settlement amounts related to our Floor Income Contracts to education loan interest income; and (b) reclassifying the net settlement amounts related to certain of our interest<br>rate swaps to debt interest expense. The table below summarizes these net settlements on derivative and hedging activities and the associated reclassification on a Core Earnings basis: | |||||
| --- | --- | |||||
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2023 | December 31,<br>2022 | March 31,<br>2022 | |||
| Reclassification of settlements on derivative and hedging activities: | ||||||
| Net settlement expense on Floor Income Contracts reclassified to net interest income | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (19) |
| Net settlement income (expense) on interest rate swaps reclassified to net interest income | 12 | 5 | — | |||
| Total reclassifications of settlement income (expense) on derivative and hedging activities | $ | 12 | $ | 5 | $ | (19) |
| ^(2)^ | “Mark-to-market (gains) losses on<br>derivative and hedging activities, net” is comprised of the following: | |||||
| --- | --- | |||||
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2023 | December 31,<br>2022 | March 31,<br>2022 | |||
| Fair value hedges | $ | 4 | $ | 1 | $ | (25) |
| Foreign currency hedges | 2 | 1 | (16) | |||
| Floor Income Contracts | — | — | (55) | |||
| Basis swaps | 2 | (7) | (2) | |||
| Other – LIBOR swaps | 18 | 2 | (60) | |||
| Total mark-to-market (gains)<br>losses on derivative and hedging activities, net | $ | 26 | $ | (3) | $ | (158) |
| ^(3)^ | Other derivative accounting adjustments consist of adjustments related to certain terminated derivatives that did not<br>receive hedge accounting treatment under GAAP but were economic hedges under Core Earnings and, as a result, such gains or losses are amortized into Core Earnings over the life of the hedged item. | |||||
| --- | --- |
20
Cumulative Impact of Derivative Accounting under GAAP compared to Core Earnings
As of March 31, 2023, derivative accounting has increased GAAP equity by approximately $81 million as a result of cumulative net mark-to-market losses (after tax) recognized under GAAP, but not under Core Earnings. The following table rolls forward the cumulative impact to GAAP equity due to these after-tax mark-to-market net gains related to derivative accounting.
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,2023 | December 31,2022 | March 31,2022 | |||
| Beginning impact of derivative accounting on GAAP equity | $ | 122 | $ | 118 | $ | (299) |
| Net impact of net<br>mark-to-market gains (losses) under derivative accounting^(1)^ | (41) | 4 | 236 | |||
| Ending impact of derivative accounting on GAAP equity | $ | 81 | $ | 122 | $ | (63) |
| ^(1)^ | Net impact of net mark-to-market gains<br>(losses) under derivative accounting is composed of the following: | |||||
| --- | --- | |||||
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,2023 | December 31,2022 | March 31,2022 | |||
| Total pre-tax net impact of derivative accounting recognized in net<br>income^(a)^ | $ | (27) | $ | 1 | $ | 159 |
| Tax impact of derivative accounting adjustment recognized in net income | 7 | — | (37) | |||
| Change in mark-to-market<br>gains (losses) on derivatives, net of tax recognized in other comprehensive income | (21) | 3 | 114 | |||
| Net impact of net<br>mark-to-market gains (losses) under derivative accounting | $ | (41) | $ | 4 | $ | 236 |
| ^(a)^ | See “Core Earnings derivative adjustments” table above. | |||||
| --- | --- |
Hedging Embedded Floor Income
We use Floor Income Contracts, pay-fixed swaps and fixed rate debt to economically hedge embedded floor income in our FFELP loans. Historically, we have used these instruments on a periodic basis and depending upon market conditions and pricing, we may enter into additional hedges in the future. Under GAAP, the Floor Income Contracts do not qualify for hedge accounting and the pay-fixed swaps are accounted for as cashflow hedges. The table below shows the amount of Hedged Floor Income that will be recognized in Core Earnings in future periods based on these hedge strategies.
| (Dollars in millions) | December 31,2022 | March 31,2022 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total hedged Floor Income, net of tax(1)(2) | 166 | $ | 200 | $ | 289 |
| (1) 217 million, 254 million and 377 million<br>on a pre-tax basis as of March 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and March 31, 2022, respectively. <br>(2) Of the 166 million as of March 31, 2023,<br>approximately 70 million, 39 million, 21 million and 18 million will be recognized as part of Core Earnings net income in the remainder of 2023, 2024, 2025 and 2026, respectively. |
All values are in US Dollars.
21
| (2) | Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets: Our Core Earnings exclude goodwill and intangible asset impairment and<br>the amortization of acquired intangible assets. The following table summarizes the goodwill and acquired intangible asset adjustments. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2023 | December 31,<br>2022 | March 31,<br>2022 | |||
| Core Earnings goodwill and acquired intangible asset adjustments | $ | 3 | $ | 3 | $ | 4 |
Adjusted Core Earnings
Adjusted Core Earnings net income and adjusted Core Earnings operating expenses exclude restructuring and regulatory-related expenses. Management excludes these expenses as Adjusted Core Earnings is one of the measures we review internally when making management decisions regarding our performance and how we allocate resources, as this presentation is a useful basis for management and investors to further analyze Core Earnings. We also refer to this information in our presentations with credit rating agencies, lenders and investors.
The following table summarizes these expenses which are excluded:
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2023 | December 31,<br>2022 | March 31,<br>2022 | |||
| Restructuring/other reorganization expenses | $ | 4 | $ | 12 | $ | 3 |
| Regulatory-related expenses | 2 | 2 | 1 | |||
| Total | $ | 6 | $ | 14 | $ | 4 |
22
2. Tangible Equity and Adjusted Tangible Equity Ratio
Adjusted Tangible Equity measures the ratio of Navient’s Tangible Equity to its tangible assets. We adjust this ratio to exclude the assets and equity associated with our FFELP Loan portfolio because FFELP Loans are no longer originated and the FFELP portfolio bears a 3% maximum loss exposure under the terms of the federal guaranty. Management believes that excluding this portfolio from the ratio enhances its usefulness to investors. Management uses this ratio, in addition to other metrics, for analysis and decision making related to capital allocation decisions. The Adjusted Tangible Equity Ratio is calculated as:
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,2023 | December 31,2022 | March 31,2022 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Navient Corporation’s stockholders’ equity | $ | 2,958 | $ | 2,977 | $ | 2,824 |
| Less: Goodwill and acquired intangible assets | 703 | 705 | 722 | |||
| Tangible Equity | 2,255 | 2,272 | 2,102 | |||
| Less: Equity held for FFELP Loans | 211 | 218 | 255 | |||
| Adjusted Tangible Equity | $ | 2,044 | $ | 2,054 | $ | 1,847 |
| Divided by: | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 66,913 | $ | 70,795 | $ | 78,158 |
| Less: | ||||||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible assets | 703 | 705 | 722 | |||
| FFELP Loans | 42,148 | 43,525 | 51,013 | |||
| Adjusted tangible assets | $ | 24,062 | $ | 26,565 | $ | 26,423 |
| Adjusted Tangible Equity Ratio | 8.5% | 7.7% | 7.0% |
3. Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization Expense (EBITDA)
This measures the operating performance of the Business Processing segment and is used by management and equity investors to monitor operating performance and determine the value of those businesses. EBITDA for the Business Processing segment is calculated as:
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,2023 | December 31,2022 | March 31,2022 | |||
| Core Earnings pre-tax income | $ | 5 | $ | 7 | $ | 18 |
| Plus: | ||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense^(1)^ | — | 1 | 1 | |||
| EBITDA | $ | 5 | $ | 8 | $ | 19 |
| Divided by: | ||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 72 | $ | 70 | $ | 94 |
| EBITDA margin | 7% | 11% | 20% | |||
| ^(1)^ | There is no interest expense in this segment. | |||||
| --- | --- |
23
4. Allowance for Loan Losses Excluding Expected Future Recoveries on Previously Fully Charged-off Loans
The allowance for loan losses on the Private Education Loan portfolio used for the three credit metrics below excludes the expected future recoveries on previously fully charged-off loans to better reflect the current expected credit losses remaining in connection with the loans on balance sheet that have not charged off. That is, as of March 31, 2023, the $974 million Private Education Loan allowance for loan losses excluding expected future recoveries on previously fully charged-off loans represents the current expected credit losses that remain in connection with the $18,275 million Private Education Loan portfolio. The $268 million of expected future recoveries on previously fully charged-off loans, which is collected over an average 15-year period, mechanically is a reduction to the overall allowance for loan losses. However, it is not related to the $18,275 million Private Education Loan portfolio on our balance sheet and, as a result, management excludes this impact to the allowance to better evaluate and assess our overall credit loss coverage on the Private Education Loan portfolio. We believe this provides a more meaningful and holistic view of the available credit loss coverage on our non-charged-off Private Education Loan portfolio. We believe this information is useful to our investors, lenders and rating agencies.
Allowance for Loan Losses Metrics – Private Education Loans
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,2023 | December 31,2022 | March 31,2022 | |||
| Allowance at end of period (GAAP) | $ | 706 | $ | 800 | $ | 964 |
| Plus: expected future recoveries on previously fully charged-off<br>loans | 268 | 274 | 321 | |||
| Allowance at end of period excluding expected future recoveries on previously fully charged-off loans (Non-GAAP Financial Measure) | $ | 974 | $ | 1,074 | $ | 1,285 |
| Ending total loans | $ | 18,981 | $ | 19,525 | $ | 21,052 |
| Ending loans in repayment | $ | 18,258 | $ | 18,770 | $ | 20,257 |
| Net charge-offs | $ | 75 | $ | 75 | $ | 69 |
| Allowance coverage of charge-offs (annualized): | ||||||
| GAAP | 2.3 | 2.7 | 3.4 | |||
| Adjustment^(1)^ | .9 | .9 | 1.2 | |||
| Non-GAAP Financial Measure^(1)^ | 3.2 | 3.6 | 4.6 | |||
| Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan balance: | ||||||
| GAAP | 3.7% | 4.1% | 4.6% | |||
| Adjustment^(1)^ | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | |||
| Non-GAAP Financial Measure^(1)^ | 5.1% | 5.5% | 6.1% | |||
| Allowance as a percentage of the ending loans in repayment: | ||||||
| GAAP | 3.9% | 4.3% | 4.8% | |||
| Adjustment^(1)^ | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | |||
| Non-GAAP Financial Measure^(1)^ | 5.4% | 5.8% | 6.3% | |||
| ^(1)^ | The allowance used for these credit metrics excludes the expected future recoveries on previously fully charged-off loans. See discussion above. | |||||
| --- | --- |
24