Equibles

10-Q

NexPoint Residential Trust, Inc. (NXRT)

10-Q 2021-11-03 For: 2021-09-30
View Original
Added on April 10, 2026

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to

Commission File Number 001-36663

NexPoint Residential Trust, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Maryland 47-1881359
(State or other Jurisdiction of<br><br><br>Incorporation or Organization) (I.R.S. Employer<br><br><br>Identification No.)
300 Crescent Court, Suite 700, Dallas, Texas<br><br><br>(Address of Principal Executive Offices) 75201
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(Zip Code)

(214) 276-6300

(Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:

Title of each class Trading Symbol Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share NXRT New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☒ Accelerated Filer ☐
Non-Accelerated Filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of November 3, 2021, the registrant had 25,251,641 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC.

Form 10-Q

Quarter Ended September 30, 2021

INDEX

Page
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements ii
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2021 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2020 1
Consolidated Unaudited Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 2
Consolidated Unaudited Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 3
Consolidated Unaudited Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 5
Notes to Consolidated Unaudited Financial Statements 7
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 32
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 53
Item 4. Controls and Procedures 54
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings 55
Item 1A. Risk Factors 55
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 55
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities 55
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 55
Item 5. Other Information 55
Item 6. Exhibits 56
Signatures 57

i

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that are subject to risks and uncertainties. In particular, statements relating to our liquidity and capital resources, the performance of our properties and results of operations contain forward-looking statements. Furthermore, all of the statements regarding future financial performance (including market conditions and demographics) are forward-looking statements. We caution investors that any forward-looking statements presented in this quarterly report are based on management’s current beliefs and assumptions made by, and information currently available to, management. When used, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “estimate,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “result” and similar expressions that do not relate solely to historical matters are intended to identify forward-looking statements. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions.

Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions and may be affected by known and unknown risks, trends, uncertainties and factors that are beyond our control. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those anticipated, estimated or projected. We caution you therefore against relying on any of these forward-looking statements.

Some of the risks and uncertainties that may cause our actual results, performance, liquidity or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:

• unfavorable changes in market and economic conditions in the United States and globally and in the specific markets where our properties are located;
• risks associated with the current COVID-19 pandemic and the future outbreak of other highly infectious or contagious diseases;
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• risks associated with ownership of real estate;
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• limited ability to dispose of assets because of the relative illiquidity of real estate investments;
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• our multifamily properties are concentrated in certain geographic markets in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States, which makes us more susceptible to adverse developments in those markets;
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• increased risks associated with our strategy of acquiring value-enhancement multifamily properties rather than more conservative investment strategies;
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• potential reforms to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”) and the Federal National Mortgage Association;
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• competition could limit our ability to acquire attractive investment opportunities, which could adversely affect our profitability and impede our growth;
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• competition and any increased affordability of residential homes could limit our ability to lease our apartments or increase or maintain rents;
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• the relatively low residential mortgage rates may result in potential renters purchasing residences rather than leasing them, and as a result, cause a decline in our occupancy rates;
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• the risk that we may fail to consummate future property acquisitions;
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• failure of acquisitions to yield anticipated results;
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• risks associated with increases in interest rates and our ability to issue additional debt or equity securities in the future;
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• risks associated with selling apartment communities, which could limit our operational and financial flexibility;
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• contingent or unknown liabilities related to properties or businesses that we have acquired or may acquire;
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• lack of or insufficient amounts of insurance;
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• the risk that our environmental assessments may not identify all potential environmental liabilities and our remediation actions may be insufficient;
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• high costs associated with the investigation or remediation of environmental contamination, including asbestos, lead-based paint, chemical vapor, subsurface contamination and mold growth;
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• high costs associated with the compliance with various accessibility, environmental, building and health and safety laws and regulations, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and the Fair Housing Act;
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• risks associated with limited warranties we may obtain when purchasing properties;
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• exposure to decreases in market rents due to our short-term leases;
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ii

• risks associated with operating through joint ventures and funds;
• our dependence on information systems;
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• risks associated with breaches of our data security;
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• costs associated with being a public company, including compliance with securities laws;
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• the risk that our business could be adversely impacted if there are deficiencies in our disclosure controls and procedures or internal control over financial reporting;
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• risks associated with our substantial current indebtedness and indebtedness we may incur in the future;
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• risks associated with derivatives or hedging activity;
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• loss of key personnel of NexPoint Advisors, L.P. (our “Sponsor”), NexPoint Real Estate Advisors, L.P. (our “Adviser”) and our property manager;
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• the risk that we may not replicate the historical results achieved by other entities managed or sponsored by affiliates of our Adviser, members of our Adviser’s management team or by our Sponsor or its affiliates;
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• risks associated with our Adviser’s ability to terminate the Advisory Agreement (as defined below);
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• our ability to change our major policies, operations and targeted investments without stockholder consent;
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• the substantial fees and expenses we pay to our Adviser and its affiliates;
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• risks associated with any potential internalization of our management functions;
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• conflicts of interest and competing demands for time faced by our Adviser, our Sponsor and their officers and employees;
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• the risk that we may compete with other entities affiliated with our Sponsor or property manager for properties and tenants;
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• failure to maintain our status as a REIT;
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• failure of our operating partnership to be taxable as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, possibly causing us to fail to qualify for or to maintain REIT status;
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• compliance with REIT requirements, which may limit our ability to hedge our liabilities effectively and cause us to forgo otherwise attractive opportunities, liquidate certain of our investments or incur tax liabilities;
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• risks associated with our ownership of interests in taxable REIT subsidiaries;
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• the recognition of taxable gains from the sale of properties as a result of the inability to complete certain like-kind exchanges in accordance with Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”);
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• the risk that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) may consider certain sales of properties to be prohibited transactions, resulting in a 100% penalty tax on any taxable gain;
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• the ineligibility of dividends payable by REITs for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends;
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• risks associated with the stock ownership restrictions of the Code for REITs and the stock ownership limit imposed by our charter;
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• the ability of our board of directors to revoke our REIT qualification without stockholder approval;
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• recent and potential legislative or regulatory tax changes or other actions affecting REITs;
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• risks associated with the market for our common stock and the general volatility of the capital and credit markets;
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• failure to generate sufficient cash flows to service our outstanding indebtedness or pay distributions at expected levels;
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• risks associated with limitations of liability for and our indemnification of our directors and officers;
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• risks associated with the Highland Capital Management, L.P. bankruptcy, including related litigation and potential conflicts of interest; and
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• any other risks included under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on February 22, 2021.
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While forward-looking statements reflect our good faith beliefs, they are not guarantees of future performance. They are based on estimates and assumptions only as of the date of this quarterly report. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, data or methods, future events or other changes, except as required by law.

iii

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

December 31, 2020
ASSETS
Operating Real Estate Investments
Land 352,048 $ 323,429
Buildings and improvements 1,676,850 1,544,115
Intangible lease assets 3,172 1,675
Construction in progress 6,374 10,796
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment 108,430 96,228
Total Gross Operating Real Estate Investments 2,146,874 1,976,243
Accumulated depreciation and amortization (264,543 ) (215,494 )
Total Net Operating Real Estate Investments 1,882,331 1,760,749
Real estate held for sale, net of accumulated depreciation of 11,028 and 0, respectively 43,998 —
Total Net Real Estate Investments 1,926,329 1,760,749
Cash and cash equivalents 18,413 24,457
Restricted cash 48,871 32,558
Accounts receivable, net 5,783 9,045
Prepaid and other assets 5,848 2,405
TOTAL ASSETS 2,005,244 $ 1,829,214
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities:
Mortgages payable, net 1,229,972 $ 1,162,855
Mortgages payable held for sale, net 40,486 —
Credit facility, net 273,339 182,323
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities 11,452 10,058
Accrued real estate taxes payable 20,624 12,822
Accrued interest payable 2,364 2,274
Security deposit liability 2,941 2,688
Prepaid rents 1,643 1,639
Fair market value of interest rate swaps 12,466 43,530
Total Liabilities 1,595,287 1,418,189
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership 4,532 3,098
Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, 0.01 par value: 100,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued — —
Common stock, 0.01 par value: 500,000,000 shares authorized; 25,251,641 and 25,016,957 shares issued and outstanding, respectively 252 250
Additional paid-in capital 386,734 376,710
Accumulated earnings less dividends 31,804 75,321
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (13,365 ) (44,354 )
Total Stockholders' Equity 405,425 407,927
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY 2,005,244 $ 1,829,214

All values are in US Dollars.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Revenues
Rental income $ 54,918 $ 49,578 $ 156,305 $ 149,945
Other income 1,466 1,412 4,438 4,307
Total revenues 56,384 50,990 160,743 154,252
Expenses
Property operating expenses 12,783 11,906 35,116 35,591
Real estate taxes and insurance 7,646 7,686 24,876 23,485
Property management fees (1) 1,639 1,489 4,640 4,504
Advisory and administrative fees (2) 1,938 1,976 5,706 5,777
Corporate general and administrative expenses 3,152 2,807 9,070 8,440
Property general and administrative expenses 2,076 1,559 5,451 4,924
Depreciation and amortization 21,591 17,723 62,335 62,479
Total expenses 50,825 45,146 147,194 145,200
Operating income before gain on sales of real estate 5,559 5,844 13,549 9,052
Gain on sales of real estate — 30,160 — 69,151
Operating income 5,559 36,004 13,549 78,203
Interest expense (11,531 ) (11,049 ) (32,830 ) (33,704 )
Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs — (596 ) (328 ) (1,470 )
Casualty gains — 4,960 2,379 3,932
Miscellaneous income 565 322 1,505 1,401
Net income (loss) (5,407 ) 29,641 (15,725 ) 48,362
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership (16 ) 89 (47 ) 145
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders $ (5,391 ) $ 29,552 $ (15,678 ) $ 48,217
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate derivatives 4,545 4,068 31,082 (54,518 )
Total comprehensive income (loss) (862 ) 33,709 15,357 (6,156 )
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership (3 ) 101 46 (19 )
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders $ (859 ) $ 33,608 $ 15,311 $ (6,137 )
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic 25,175 24,372 25,128 24,688
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted 25,175 24,926 25,128 25,194
Earnings (loss) per share - basic $ (0.21 ) $ 1.21 $ (0.62 ) $ 1.95
Earnings (loss) per share - diluted $ (0.21 ) $ 1.19 $ (0.62 ) $ 1.91
(1) Fees incurred to an unaffiliated third party that is an affiliate of the noncontrolling limited partner of the Company’s operating partnership (see Note 10).
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(2) Fees incurred to the Adviser (see Note 11).
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See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)

Common Stock Additional Accumulated<br><br><br>Earnings (Loss) Accumulated Other
Three Months ended September 30, 2021 Par Value Number of<br><br><br>Shares Par Value Paid-in<br><br><br>Capital Less<br><br><br>Dividends Comprehensive<br><br><br>Income (Loss) Total
Balances, June 30, 2021 — $ — 25,149,927 $ 251 $ 378,365 $ 46,551 $ (17,897 ) $ 407,270
Net loss attributable to common stockholders — — — — — (5,391 ) — (5,391 )
Vesting of stock-based compensation — — 127 — 1,803 — — 1,803
Issuance of common shares through at-the-market offering — — 101,587 1 6,566 — — 6,567
Common stock dividends declared (0.34125 per share) — — — — — (8,826 ) — (8,826 )
Other comprehensive income — — — — — — 4,532 4,532
Adjustment to reflect redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership — — — — — (530 ) — (530 )
Balances, September 30, 2021 — $ — 25,251,641 $ 252 $ 386,734 $ 31,804 $ (13,365 ) $ 405,425

All values are in US Dollars.

Common Stock Additional Accumulated<br><br><br>Earnings (Loss) Accumulated Other
Nine Months ended September 30, 2021 Par Value Number of<br><br><br>Shares Par Value Paid-in<br><br><br>Capital Less<br><br><br>Dividends Comprehensive<br><br><br>Income (Loss) Total
Balances, December 31, 2020 — $ — 25,016,957 $ 250 $ 376,710 $ 75,321 $ (44,354 ) $ 407,927
Net loss attributable to common stockholders — — — — — (15,678 ) — (15,678 )
Vesting of stock-based compensation — — 133,097 1 3,720 — — 3,721
Issuance of common shares through at-the-market offering — — 101,587 1 6,304 — — 6,305
Common stock dividends declared (1.02375 per share) — — — — — (26,384 ) — (26,384 )
Other comprehensive income — — — — — — 30,989 30,989
Adjustment to reflect redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership — — — — — (1,455 ) — (1,455 )
Balances, September 30, 2021 — $ — 25,251,641 $ 252 $ 386,734 $ 31,804 $ (13,365 ) $ 405,425

All values are in US Dollars.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Continued)

(dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)

Common Stock Additional Accumulated<br><br><br>Earnings (Loss) Accumulated Other Common Stock<br><br><br>Held in
Three Months ended September 30, 2020 Par Value Number of<br><br><br>Shares Par Value Paid-in<br><br><br>Capital Less<br><br><br>Dividends Comprehensive<br><br><br>Income (Loss) Treasury<br><br><br>at Cost Total
Balances, June 30, 2020 — $ — 24,298,651 $ 242 $ 343,257 $ 66,860 $ (55,944 ) $ — $ 354,415
Net income attributable to common stockholders — — — — — 29,552 — — 29,552
Vesting of stock-based compensation — — — — 1,434 — — — 1,434
Issuance of common shares through at-the-market offering — — 243,032 2 9,839 — — — 9,841
Common stock dividends declared (0.3125 per share) — — — — — (7,798 ) — — (7,798 )
Other comprehensive income — — — — — — 4,056 — 4,056
Adjustment to reflect redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership — — — — — (586 ) — — (586 )
Balances, September 30, 2020 — $ — 24,541,683 $ 244 $ 354,530 $ 88,028 $ (51,888 ) $ — $ 390,914

All values are in US Dollars.

Common Stock Additional Accumulated<br><br><br>Earnings (Loss) Accumulated Other Common Stock<br><br><br>Held in
Nine Months ended September 30, 2020 Par Value Number of<br><br><br>Shares Par Value Paid-in<br><br><br>Capital Less<br><br><br>Dividends Comprehensive<br><br><br>Income (Loss) Treasury<br><br><br>at Cost Total
Balances, December 31, 2019 — $ — 25,245,740 $ 251 $ 359,748 $ 63,776 $ 2,466 $ — $ 426,241
Net income attributable to common stockholders — — — — — 48,217 — — 48,217
Repurchases of common stock — — — — — — — (44,530 ) (44,530 )
Retirement of common stock held in treasury — — (1,644,697 ) (16 ) (44,514 ) — — 44,530 —
Vesting of stock-based compensation — — 137,608 1 2,338 — — — 2,339
Issuance of common shares through at-the-market offering — — 803,032 8 36,958 — — — 36,966
Common stock dividends declared (0.9375 per share) — — — — — (23,838 ) — — (23,838 )
Other comprehensive loss — — — — — — (54,354 ) — (54,354 )
Adjustment to reflect redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership — — — — — (127 ) — — (127 )
Balances, September 30, 2020 — $ — 24,541,683 $ 244 $ 354,530 $ 88,028 $ (51,888 ) $ — $ 390,914

All values are in US Dollars.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income (loss) $ (15,725 ) $ 48,362
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:
Gain on sales of real estate — (69,151 )
Depreciation and amortization 62,335 62,479
Amortization/write-off of deferred financing costs 1,931 2,940
Change in fair value on derivative instruments included in interest expense 11,202 5,651
Net cash paid on derivative settlements (11,253 ) (4,192 )
Amortization/write-off of fair market value adjustment of assumed debt (86 ) (152 )
Provision for bad debts, net 2,958 1,615
Vesting of stock-based compensation 5,212 4,071
Insurance proceeds received for business interruption 312 1,401
Casualty gains (4,241 ) (4,684 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:
Operating assets (3,690 ) (4,988 )
Operating liabilities 8,959 3,172
Net cash provided by operating activities 57,914 46,524
Cash flows from investing activities
Net proceeds from sales of real estate — 140,197
Prepaid acquisition costs — (5,077 )
Self-insurance paid for casualty losses (1,591 ) (2,049 )
Insurance proceeds received from casualty losses 8,419 1,626
Additions to real estate investments (32,689 ) (35,298 )
Acquisitions of real estate investments (197,094 ) —
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (222,955 ) 99,399
Cash flows from financing activities
Mortgage proceeds received 108,005 —
Mortgage payments (582 ) (71,723 )
Credit facilities proceeds received 285,000 35,000
Credit facilities payments (193,000 ) (38,000 )
Deferred financing costs paid (2,583 ) —
Interest rate cap fees paid (175 ) —
Prepayment penalties on extinguished debt — (711 )
Proceeds from the issuance of common shares through at-the-market offering, net of offering costs 6,305 36,966
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of stock-based compensation (1,491 ) (1,732 )
Repurchase of common stock — (44,530 )
Dividends paid to common stockholders (26,169 ) (23,759 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 175,310 (108,489 )
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 10,269 37,434
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period 57,015 71,182
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period $ 67,284 $ 108,616

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands)

(Unaudited)

Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Interest paid $ 20,026 $ 27,573
Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Activities
Capitalized construction costs included in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities 2,826 5,288
Change in fair value on derivative instruments designated as hedges 31,082 (54,518 )
Other assets acquired from acquisitions 145 —
Liabilities assumed from acquisitions 192 —
Increase in dividends payable upon vesting of restricted stock units 215 79
Write-off of assets due to casualty losses 2,028 648
Write-off of fully amortized in-place leases 1,675 12,414
Write-off of deferred financing costs 328 757

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

  1. Organization and Description of Business

NexPoint Residential Trust, Inc. (the “Company”, “we”, “our”) was incorporated in Maryland on September 19, 2014, and has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”). The Company is focused on “value-add” multifamily investments primarily located in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States. Substantially all of the Company’s business is conducted through NexPoint Residential Trust Operating Partnership, L.P. (the “OP”), the Company’s operating partnership. The Company owns its properties (the “Portfolio”) through the OP and its wholly owned taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). The OP owns approximately 99.9% of the Portfolio; the TRS owns approximately 0.1% of the Portfolio. The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, NexPoint Residential Trust Operating Partnership GP, LLC (the “OP GP”), is the sole general partner of the OP. As of September 30, 2021, there were 23,819,402 common units in the OP (“OP Units”) outstanding, of which 23,746,169, or 99.7%, were owned by the Company and 73,233, or 0.3%, were owned by a noncontrolling limited partner (see Note 10).

The Company is externally managed by NexPoint Real Estate Advisors, L.P. (the “Adviser”), through an agreement dated March 16, 2015, as amended, and renewed on February 15, 2021 for a one-year term (the “Advisory Agreement”), by and among the Company, the OP and the Adviser. The Adviser conducts substantially all of the Company’s operations and provides asset management services for its real estate investments. The Company expects it will only have accounting employees while the Advisory Agreement is in effect. All of the Company’s investment decisions are made by the Adviser, subject to general oversight by the Adviser’s investment committee and the Company’s board of directors (the “Board”). The Adviser is wholly owned by NexPoint Advisors, L.P. (the “Sponsor”).

The Company’s investment objectives are to maximize the cash flow and value of properties owned, acquire properties with cash flow growth potential, provide quarterly cash distributions and achieve long-term capital appreciation for its stockholders through targeted management and a value-add program. Consistent with the Company’s policy to acquire assets for both income and capital gain, the Company intends to hold at least majority interests in its properties for long-term appreciation and to engage in the business of directly or indirectly acquiring, owning, and operating well-located multifamily properties with a value-add component in large cities and suburban submarkets of large cities primarily in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States consistent with its investment objectives. Economic and market conditions may influence the Company to hold properties for different periods of time. From time to time, the Company may sell a property if, among other deciding factors, the sale would be in the best interest of its stockholders.

The Company may allocate up to 30% of the Portfolio to investments in real estate-related debt and securities with the potential for high current income or total returns. These allocations may include first and second mortgages and subordinated, bridge, mezzanine, construction and other loans, as well as debt securities related to or secured by multifamily real estate and common and preferred equity securities, which may include securities of other REITs or real estate companies.

  1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Accounting

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the dates of the unaudited consolidated financial statements and the amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual amounts realized or paid could differ from those estimates. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. There have been no significant changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior year financial statements to conform to classifications used in the current year. These reclassifications had no impact on net income (loss), stockholders' equity or cash flows as previously reported.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared according to the rules and regulations of the SEC.  Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted according to such rules and regulations, although management believes that the disclosures are adequate to make the information presented not misleading.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments and eliminations necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 and results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 have been included.  Such adjustments are normal and recurring in nature.  The unaudited information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements for the

year ended December 31, 2020 and notes thereto included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 22, 2021.

Principles of Consolidation

The Company accounts for subsidiary partnerships, joint ventures and other similar entities in which it holds an ownership interest in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation. The Company first evaluates whether each entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”). Under the VIE model, the Company consolidates an entity when it has control to direct the activities of the VIE and the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Under the voting model, the Company consolidates an entity when it controls the entity through ownership of a majority voting interest. The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, including the OP and its subsidiaries.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s primary operations consist of rental income earned from its residents under lease agreements typically with terms of one year or less. Rental income is recognized when earned. This policy effectively results in income recognition on the straight-line method over the related terms of the leases. The Company records an allowance to reflect revenue that may not be collectable. This is recorded through a provision for bad debts which is included in rental income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). Resident reimbursements and other income consist of charges billed to residents for utilities, carport and garage rental, and pets, administrative, application and other fees and are recognized when earned.  The Company implemented the provisions of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2014-09”) as of January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective approach.  The adoption of ASU 2014-09 did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as a substantial portion of its revenue consists of rental income from leasing arrangements, which is specifically excluded from ASU 2014-09.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (“ASU 2016-02”), which supersedes the current accounting for leases and while retaining two distinct types of leases, finance and operating, (1) requires lessees to record a right of use asset and a related liability for the rights and obligations associated with a lease, regardless of lease classification, and recognize lease expense in a manner similar to current accounting, (2) eliminates most real estate specific lease provisions and (3) aligns many of the underlying lessor model principles with those in the new revenue standard. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. Entities are required to use a modified retrospective approach when transitioning to the ASU for leases that exist as of or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. As lessors, substantially all of the Company’s agreements have a term of 12 months or less. For lessors, accounting for leases under the new standard is substantially the same as existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases, and operating leases, but eliminates current real estate specific provisions and changes the treatment of initial direct costs.

In April 2020, the FASB issued a Staff Q&A on accounting for leases during the COVID-19 pandemic, focused on the application of lease guidance in ASC 842, Leases. The Q&A states that some lease contracts may contain explicit or implicit enforceable rights and obligations that require lease concessions if certain circumstances arise that are beyond the control of the parties to the contract. Therefore, entities would need to perform a lease-by-lease analysis to determine whether contractual provisions in an existing lease agreement provide enforceable rights and obligations related to lease concessions. The FASB determined it would be acceptable for entities to not perform a lease-by-lease analysis regarding rent concessions resulting from COVID-19, and to instead make a policy election regarding rent concessions, which would give entities the option to account or not to account for these rent concessions as lease modifications if the total payments required by the modified contract are substantially the same or less than the total payments required by the original contract. Entities making the election to account for these rent concessions as lease modifications would recognize the effects of rent abatements and rent deferrals on a prospective straight-line basis over the remainder of the modified contract. We have made the election to not perform a lease-by-lease analysis to determine whether contractual provisions in an existing lease agreement provide enforceable rights and obligations related to payment plans. By electing the FASB relief, we have also made an accounting policy election to not account for rent deferrals provided to lessees due to the COVID-19 pandemic as lease modifications. Lessees are required to pay the full outstanding balance of the rent deferred over the period of the payment plan.

Purchase Price Allocation

Upon acquisition of a property, the purchase price and related acquisition costs (“total consideration”) are allocated to land, buildings, improvements, furniture, fixtures, and equipment, and intangible lease assets in accordance with FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations. Acquisition costs are capitalized in accordance with FASB ASC 805.

The allocation of total consideration, which is determined using inputs that are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy established by FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures (“ASC 820”) (see Note 7), is based on

management’s estimate of the property’s “as-if” vacant fair value and is calculated by using all available information such as the replacement cost of such asset, appraisals, property condition reports, market data and other related information. The allocation of the total consideration to intangible lease assets represents the value associated with the in-place leases, which may include lost rent, leasing commissions, legal and other related costs, which the Company, as buyer of the property, did not have to incur to obtain the residents. If any debt is assumed in an acquisition, the difference between the fair value, which is estimated using inputs that are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, and the face value of debt is recorded as a premium or discount and amortized as interest expense over the life of the debt assumed.

Real estate assets, including land, buildings, improvements, furniture, fixtures and equipment, and intangible lease assets are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Costs incurred in making repairs and maintaining real estate assets are expensed as incurred. Expenditures for improvements, renovations, and replacements are capitalized at cost. Real estate-related depreciation and amortization are computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives as described in the following table:

Land Not depreciated
Buildings 30 years
Improvements 15 years
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment 3 years
Intangible lease assets 6 months

Construction in progress includes the cost of renovation projects being performed at the various properties. Once a project is complete, the historical cost of the renovation is placed into service in one of the categories above depending on the type of renovation project and is depreciated over the estimated useful lives as described in the table above.

Impairment

Real estate assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The key inputs into our impairment analysis include, but are not limited to, the holding period, net operating income, and capitalization rates. In such cases, the Company will evaluate the recoverability of such real estate assets based on estimated future cash flows and the estimated liquidation value of such real estate assets, and provide for impairment if such undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the real estate asset. If impaired, the real estate asset will be written down to its estimated fair value. The Company’s impairment analysis identifies and evaluates events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying amount of a real estate investment may not be recoverable, including determining the period the Company will hold the rental property, net operating income, and the estimated capitalization rate for each respective real estate investment.

As of September 30, 2021, the Company has not recorded any impairment on its real estate assets. However, we continue to monitor the impact of COVID-19 (see “–Coronavirus (“COVID-19”)” for additional information, below).

Held for Sale

The Company periodically classifies real estate assets as held for sale when certain criteria are met in accordance with GAAP. At that time, the Company presents the net real estate assets and the net debt associated with the real estate held for sale separately in its consolidated balance sheet, and the Company ceases recording depreciation and amortization expense related to that property. Real estate held for sale is reported at the lower of its carrying amount or its estimated fair value less estimated costs to sell. As of September 30, 2021, there are two properties classified as held for sale. Held for sale assets on the consolidated balance sheet included approximately $0.1 million of accounts receivable and prepaid and other assets, and approximately $1.1 million of accounts payable, real estate taxes payable, security deposits, prepaid rents, and other accrued liabilities.

Income Taxes

The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and expects to continue to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute annually at least 90% of its “REIT taxable income,” as defined by the Code, to its stockholders. As a REIT, the Company will be subject to federal income tax on its undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions it pays with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of its ordinary income, (2) 95% of its capital gain net income and (3) 100% of its undistributed income from prior years. The Company intends to operate in such a manner so as to qualify as a REIT, but no assurance can be given that the Company will operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT. Taxable income from certain non-REIT activities is managed through a TRS and is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income and margin taxes. The Company had no significant taxes associated with its TRS for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

If the Company fails to meet these requirements, it could be subject to federal income tax on all of the Company’s taxable income at regular corporate rates for that year. The Company would not be able to deduct distributions paid to stockholders in any year in which it fails to qualify as a REIT. Additionally, the Company will also be disqualified from electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost unless the Company is entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions. As of September 30, 2021, the Company believes it is in compliance with all applicable REIT requirements.

The Company evaluates the accounting and disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing the Company’s tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” (greater than 50 percent probability) of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold would be recorded as a tax benefit or expense in the current year. The Company’s management is required to analyze all open tax years, as defined by the statute of limitations, for all major jurisdictions, which include federal and certain states. The Company has no examinations in progress and none are expected at this time.

The Company recognizes its tax positions and evaluates them using a two-step process. First, the Company determines whether a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Second, the Company will determine the amount of benefit to recognize and record the amount that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement.

The Company had no material unrecognized tax benefit or expense, accrued interest or penalties as of September 30, 2021. The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to federal income tax as well as income tax of various state and local jurisdictions. The 2020, 2019 and 2018 tax years remain open to examination by tax jurisdictions to which the Company and its subsidiaries are subject. When applicable, the Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions on its consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848) (“ASU 2020-04”). ASU 2020-04 contains practical expedients for reference rate reform related activities that impact debt, leases, derivatives and other contracts. The guidance in ASU 2020-04 is optional and may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. The Company has elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and the assessments of effectiveness for future LIBOR-indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the corresponding derivatives. Application of these expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation.  The Company will continue to evaluate the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as applicable as additional changes in the market occur.

Coronavirus (“COVID-19”)

As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company may experience difficulties collecting monthly rent on time, leasing additional apartment units and/or renewing leases with existing tenants, selling or purchasing properties and accessing debt and equity capital on attractive terms, or at all. To date, the Company has not been materially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and will continue to monitor the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all aspects of its business. For additional information regarding the risks to the Company related to the COVID-19 pandemic, or any other future pandemic, see Item 1A, Risk Factors of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

  1. Investments in Subsidiaries

The Company conducts its operations through the OP, which owns properties through single asset limited liability companies that are special purpose entities (“SPEs”). The Company consolidates the SPEs that it controls as well as any VIEs where it is the primary beneficiary. In connection with its indirect equity investments in the properties acquired, the Company, through the OP and the TRS, directly or indirectly holds 100% of the membership interests in SPEs that directly own the properties. All of the properties the SPEs own are consolidated in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The assets of each entity can only be used to settle obligations of that particular entity, and the creditors of each entity have no recourse to the assets of other entities or the Company.

Additionally, the Company has in the past and may in the future enter into purchase and sale transactions structured as reverse like-kind exchanges (“1031 Exchanges”) under Section 1031 of the Code. For a reverse 1031 Exchange in which the Company purchases a new property prior to selling the property to be matched in the like-kind exchange (the Company refers to the new property being acquired in the 1031 Exchange prior to the sale of the related property as a “Parked Asset”), legal title to the Parked Asset is held by an Exchange Accommodation Titleholder (“EAT”) engaged to execute the 1031 Exchange until the sale transaction and the 1031 Exchange are completed. The Company, through a wholly owned subsidiary, enters into a master lease agreement with the EAT whereby the EAT leases the acquired property and all other rights acquired in connection with the acquisition to the Company. The term of the master lease agreement is the earlier of the completion of the reverse 1031 Exchange or 180 days from the

date that the property was acquired. The EAT is classified as a VIE as it does not have sufficient equity investment at risk to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. The Company consolidates the EAT as its primary beneficiary because it has the ability to control the activities that most significantly impact the EAT’s economic performance and the Company retains all of the legal and economic benefits and obligations related to the Parked Assets prior to completion of the 1031 Exchange. As such, the Parked Assets are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as VIEs until legal title is transferred to the Company upon either completion of the 1031 Exchange or termination of the master lease agreement, at which time they will be consolidated as wholly owned subsidiaries.

As of September 30, 2021, the Company, through the OP and the wholly owned TRS, owned 40 properties through SPEs. The following table represents the Company’s ownership in each property by virtue of its 100% ownership of the SPEs that directly own the title to each property as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020:

Effective Ownership Percentage at
Property Name Location Year Acquired September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Arbors on Forest Ridge Bedford, Texas 2014 100 % 100 %
Cutter's Point Richardson, Texas 2014 100 % 100 %
Silverbrook Grand Prairie, Texas 2014 100 % 100 %
Beechwood Terrace (1) Antioch, Tennessee 2014 100 % 100 %
The Summit at Sabal Park Tampa, Florida 2014 100 % 100 %
Courtney Cove Tampa, Florida 2014 100 % 100 %
Radbourne Lake Charlotte, North Carolina 2014 100 % 100 %
Timber Creek Charlotte, North Carolina 2014 100 % 100 %
Sabal Palm at Lake Buena Vista Orlando, Florida 2014 100 % 100 %
Cornerstone Orlando, Florida 2015 100 % 100 %
The Preserve at Terrell Mill Marietta, Georgia 2015 100 % 100 %
Versailles Dallas, Texas 2015 100 % 100 %
Seasons 704 Apartments West Palm Beach, Florida 2015 100 % 100 %
Madera Point Mesa, Arizona 2015 100 % 100 %
Venue at 8651 Fort Worth, Texas 2015 100 % 100 %
Parc500 West Palm Beach, Florida 2016 100 % 100 %
The Venue on Camelback Phoenix, Arizona 2016 100 % 100 %
Old Farm Houston, Texas 2016 100 % 100 %
Stone Creek at Old Farm Houston, Texas 2016 100 % 100 %
Hollister Place Houston, Texas 2017 100 % 100 %
Rockledge Apartments Marietta, Georgia 2017 100 % 100 %
Atera Apartments Dallas, Texas 2017 100 % 100 %
Cedar Pointe (1) Antioch, Tennessee 2018 100 % 100 %
Crestmont Reserve Dallas, Texas 2018 100 % 100 %
Brandywine I & II Nashville, Tennessee 2018 100 % 100 %
Bella Vista Phoenix, Arizona 2019 100 % 100 %
The Enclave Tempe, Arizona 2019 100 % 100 %
The Heritage Phoenix, Arizona 2019 100 % 100 %
Summers Landing Fort Worth, Texas 2019 100 % 100 %
Residences at Glenview Reserve Nashville, Tennessee 2019 100 % 100 %
Residences at West Place Orlando, Florida 2019 100 % 100 %
Avant at Pembroke Pines Pembroke Pines, Florida 2019 100 % 100 %
Arbors of Brentwood Nashville, Tennessee 2019 100 % 100 %
Torreyana Apartments (2) Las Vegas, Nevada 2019 100 % 100 %
Bloom (2) Las Vegas, Nevada 2019 100 % 100 %
Bella Solara (2) Las Vegas, Nevada 2019 100 % 100 %
Fairways at San Marcos Chandler, Arizona 2020 100 % 100 %
The Verandas at Lake Norman (3) Charlotte, North Carolina 2021 100 % 0 % (4)
Creekside at Matthews (3) Charlotte, North Carolina 2021 100 % 0 % (4)
Six Forks Station (5) Raleigh, North Carolina 2021 100 % 0 % (4)
(1) Property was classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2021.
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(2) The EAT that directly owned Torreyana, Bloom and Bella Solara was consolidated as a VIE at December 31, 2019. The master lease agreement with the EAT that directly owned these properties terminated on March 31, 2020, at which time legal title
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transferred to the Company. Upon the transfer of the title, the EAT that directly owned these properties was no longer considered a VIE.
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(3) The EAT that directly owned The Verandas at Lake Norman and Creekside at Matthews was consolidated as a VIE at June 30, 2021 giving the Company an effective 100% ownership interest.  Legal title will transfer to the Company upon completion of the reverse 1031 Exchange or December 28, 2021, whichever comes first.  Upon the transfer of title, the EAT that directly owned these properties will no longer be considered a VIE.
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(4) Properties were acquired in 2021; therefore, no ownership as of December 31, 2020.
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(5) The EAT that directly owned Six Forks Station was consolidated as a VIE at September 30, 2021 giving the Company an effective 100% ownership interest. Legal title will transfer to the Company upon completion of the reverse 1031 Exchange or March 9, 2022, whichever comes first.  Upon the transfer of title, the EAT that directly owned these properties will no longer be considered a VIE.
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  1. Real Estate Investments Statistics

As of September 30, 2021, the Company was invested in a total of 40 multifamily properties, as listed below:

Average Effective Monthly<br><br><br>Rent Per Unit<br><br><br>(1) as of % Occupied (2) as of
Property Name Rentable Square<br><br><br>Footage<br><br><br>(in thousands) Number<br><br><br>of<br><br><br>Units (3) Date<br><br><br>Acquired September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Arbors on Forest Ridge 155 210 1/31/2014 $ 958 $ 917 96.7 % 94.3 %
Cutter's Point 198 196 1/31/2014 1,104 1,112 91.0 % 95.0 %
Silverbrook 526 642 1/31/2014 1,007 926 94.1 % 94.9 %
Beechwood Terrace (4) 272 300 7/21/2014 982 947 96.7 % 95.7 %
The Summit at Sabal Park 205 252 8/20/2014 1,150 1,033 97.2 % 96.0 %
Courtney Cove 225 324 8/20/2014 1,054 946 94.8 % 93.5 %
Radbourne Lake 247 225 9/30/2014 1,179 1,137 96.9 % 89.8 %
Timber Creek 248 352 9/30/2014 1,006 949 94.3 % 93.5 %
Sabal Palm at Lake Buena Vista 371 400 11/5/2014 1,308 1,259 98.3 % 95.0 %
Cornerstone 318 430 1/15/2015 1,103 1,056 95.8 % 91.2 %
The Preserve at Terrell Mill 692 752 2/6/2015 1,088 1,006 93.2 % 95.5 %
Versailles 301 388 2/26/2015 991 925 94.8 % 94.3 %
Seasons 704 Apartments 217 222 4/15/2015 1,346 1,209 98.2 % 98.6 %
Madera Point 193 256 8/5/2015 1,106 980 96.1 % 93.8 %
Venue at 8651 289 333 10/30/2015 967 933 92.9 % 93.4 %
Parc500 266 217 7/27/2016 1,474 1,340 97.7 % 97.7 %
The Venue on Camelback 256 415 10/11/2016 870 821 96.1 % 93.7 %
Old Farm 697 734 12/29/2016 1,159 1,133 97.0 % 92.1 %
Stone Creek at Old Farm 186 190 12/29/2016 1,218 1,194 93.2 % 92.1 %
Hollister Place 246 260 2/1/2017 1,024 1,007 95.1 % 91.2 %
Rockledge Apartments 802 708 6/30/2017 1,345 1,261 95.3 % 95.5 %
Atera Apartments 334 380 10/25/2017 1,248 1,247 95.9 % 92.1 %
Cedar Pointe (4) 224 210 8/24/2018 1,132 1,075 95.7 % 96.2 %
Crestmont Reserve 199 242 9/26/2018 939 895 95.5 % 98.8 %
Brandywine I & II 414 632 9/26/2018 991 960 94.8 % 94.3 %
Bella Vista 243 248 1/28/2019 1,419 1,320 98.0 % 95.6 %
The Enclave 194 204 1/28/2019 1,449 1,355 98.5 % 97.5 %
The Heritage 199 204 1/28/2019 1,403 1,298 96.6 % 94.1 %
Summers Landing 139 196 6/7/2019 981 941 96.4 % 95.9 %
Residences at Glenview Reserve 344 360 7/17/2019 1,036 993 96.1 % 92.8 %
Residences at West Place 345 342 7/17/2019 1,305 1,214 94.4 % 90.1 %
Avant at Pembroke Pines 1,442 1,520 8/30/2019 1,631 1,515 95.1 % 94.4 %
Arbors of Brentwood 325 346 9/10/2019 1,259 1,194 96.8 % 91.3 %
Torreyana Apartments 309 315 11/22/2019 1,292 1,184 95.6 % 93.0 %
Bloom 498 528 11/22/2019 1,210 1,120 90.9 % 94.1 %
Bella Solara 271 320 11/22/2019 1,221 1,128 93.4 % 91.6 %
Fairways at San Marcos 340 352 11/2/2020 1,377 1,232 96.6 % 96.0 %
The Verandas at Lake Norman 241 264 6/30/2021 1,175 — (5) 95.1 % — (5)
Creekside at Matthews 263 240 6/30/2021 1,334 — (5) 94.6 % — (5)
Six Forks Station 360 323 9/10/2021 1,244 — (5) 96.3 % — (5)
13,594 15,032
(1) Average effective monthly rent per unit is equal to the average of the contractual rent for commenced leases as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, minus any tenant concessions over the term of the lease, divided by the number of units under commenced leases as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
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(2) Percent occupied is calculated as the number of units occupied as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, divided by the total number of units, expressed as a percentage.
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(3) Includes 89 down units due to casualty events as of September 30, 2021 (see Note 5).
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(4) Property classified as held for sale as of September 30, 2021.
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(5) Properties were acquired in 2021.
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  1. Real Estate Investments

As of September 30, 2021, the major components of the Company’s investments in multifamily properties were as follows (in thousands):

Operating Properties Land Buildings and<br><br><br>Improvements Intangible Lease<br><br><br>Assets Construction in<br><br><br>Progress Furniture,<br><br><br>Fixtures and<br><br><br>Equipment Totals
Arbors on Forest Ridge $ 2,330 $ 11,693 $ — $ 37 $ 1,779 $ 15,839
Cutter's Point 3,330 17,869 — (2 ) 2,065 23,262
Silverbrook 4,860 27,406 — 47 5,471 37,784
The Summit at Sabal Park 5,770 13,768 — — 1,922 21,460
Courtney Cove 5,880 13,916 — 347 2,329 22,472
Radbourne Lake 2,440 22,792 — — 2,361 27,593
Timber Creek 11,260 13,293 — 54 3,743 28,350
Sabal Palm at Lake Buena Vista 7,580 42,428 — — 2,679 52,687
Cornerstone 1,500 30,870 — — 3,658 36,028
The Preserve at Terrell Mill 10,170 53,043 — — 8,522 71,735
Versailles 6,720 21,879 — 4 4,033 32,636
Seasons 704 Apartments 7,480 14,598 — — 2,001 24,079
Madera Point 4,920 17,983 — 70 2,519 25,492
Venue at 8651 2,350 16,746 — 1,070 3,713 23,879
Parc500 3,860 21,101 — — 4,089 29,050
The Venue on Camelback 8,340 38,419 — 19 3,074 49,852
Old Farm 11,078 70,936 — 73 3,768 85,855
Stone Creek at Old Farm 3,493 19,396 — 301 866 24,056
Hollister Place 2,782 21,155 — 945 2,696 27,578
Rockledge Apartments 17,451 97,340 — — 5,658 120,449
Atera Apartments 22,371 36,785 — 1,336 2,320 62,812
Crestmont Reserve 4,124 21,067 — — 1,499 26,690
Brandywine I & II 6,237 73,692 — — 4,867 84,796
Bella Vista 10,942 36,874 — 255 2,561 50,632
The Enclave 11,046 30,431 — — 2,293 43,770
The Heritage 6,835 34,824 — 107 2,240 44,006
Summers Landing 1,798 18,384 — — 772 20,954
Residences at Glenview Reserve 3,367 42,289 — (15 ) 2,163 47,804
Residences at West Place 3,345 52,284 — — 1,424 57,053
Avant at Pembroke Pines 48,434 275,618 — 1,459 10,529 336,040
Arbors of Brentwood 6,346 55,986 — — 2,006 64,338
Torreyana Apartments 23,824 43,654 — 25 1,257 68,760
Bloom 23,805 82,301 — 162 2,373 108,641
Bella Solara 12,605 53,358 — 22 1,659 67,644
Fairways at San Marcos 10,993 72,746 — 58 1,708 85,505
The Verandas at Lake Norman 9,510 52,760 971 — 584 63,825
Creekside at Matthews 11,515 45,269 1,001 — 577 58,362
Six Forks Station 11,357 61,897 1,200 — 652 75,106
352,048 1,676,850 3,172 6,374 108,430 2,146,874
Accumulated depreciation and amortization — (187,207 ) (1,186 ) — (76,150 ) (264,543 )
Total Operating Properties $ 352,048 $ 1,489,643 $ 1,986 $ 6,374 $ 32,280 $ 1,882,331
Held For Sale Properties
Beechwood Terrace 1,390 22,286 — — 2,982 26,658
Cedar Pointe 2,372 24,290 — — 1,706 28,368
Accumulated depreciation and amortization — (7,537 ) — — (3,491 ) (11,028 )
Total Held For Sale Properties $ 3,762 $ 39,039 $ — $ — $ 1,197 $ 43,998
Total $ 355,810 $ 1,528,682 $ 1,986 $ 6,374 $ 33,477 $ 1,926,329

As of December 31, 2020, the major components of the Company’s investments in multifamily properties were as follows (in thousands):

Operating Properties Land Buildings and<br><br><br>Improvements Intangible Lease<br><br><br>Assets Construction in<br><br><br>Progress Furniture,<br><br><br>Fixtures and<br><br><br>Equipment Totals
Arbors on Forest Ridge $ 2,330 $ 11,682 $ — $ 17 $ 1,650 $ 15,679
Cutter's Point 3,330 8,035 — 4,983 2,044 18,392
Silverbrook 4,860 27,256 — 3 5,049 37,168
Beechwood Terrace 1,390 22,233 — 32 2,791 26,446
The Summit at Sabal Park 5,770 13,749 — — 1,813 21,332
Courtney Cove 5,880 13,713 — 114 2,165 21,872
Radbourne Lake 2,440 22,617 — — 2,147 27,204
Timber Creek 11,260 13,245 — 42 3,473 28,020
Sabal Palm at Lake Buena Vista 7,580 42,401 — — 2,391 52,372
Cornerstone 1,500 30,781 — 2 3,343 35,626
The Preserve at Terrell Mill 10,170 50,757 — 1,524 7,310 69,761
Versailles 6,720 21,766 — — 3,861 32,347
Seasons 704 Apartments 7,480 14,418 — 18 1,743 23,659
Madera Point 4,920 17,926 — — 2,273 25,119
Venue at 8651 2,350 17,473 — 106 3,531 23,460
Parc500 3,860 20,927 — 22 3,827 28,636
The Venue on Camelback 8,340 38,106 — 37 2,570 49,053
Old Farm 11,078 70,846 — 24 3,419 85,367
Stone Creek at Old Farm 3,493 19,471 — — 792 23,756
Hollister Place 2,782 21,884 — — 2,555 27,221
Rockledge Apartments 17,451 96,902 — 86 5,363 119,802
Atera Apartments 22,371 37,525 — 9 2,188 62,093
Cedar Pointe 2,371 24,268 — — 1,577 28,216
Crestmont Reserve 4,124 20,955 — 19 1,411 26,509
Brandywine I & II 6,237 73,613 — 6 4,072 83,928
Bella Vista 10,942 36,787 — — 2,110 49,839
The Enclave 11,046 30,308 — — 1,856 43,210
The Heritage 6,835 34,761 — — 1,793 43,389
Summers Landing 1,798 17,909 — 43 670 20,420
Residences at Glenview Reserve 3,367 42,027 — 14 1,495 46,903
Residences at West Place 3,345 51,802 — 154 1,049 56,350
Avant at Pembroke Pines 48,436 272,436 — 2,847 7,977 331,696
Arbors of Brentwood 6,346 55,777 — 21 1,118 63,262
Torreyana Apartments 23,824 43,489 — 122 1,047 68,482
Bloom 23,805 81,714 — 494 1,782 107,795
Bella Solara 12,605 53,134 — 57 1,228 67,024
Fairways at San Marcos 10,993 71,422 1,675 — 745 84,835
323,429 1,544,115 1,675 10,796 96,228 1,976,243
Accumulated depreciation and amortization — (153,063 ) (558 ) — (61,873 ) (215,494 )
Total Operating Properties $ 323,429 $ 1,391,052 $ 1,117 $ 10,796 $ 34,355 $ 1,760,749

Depreciation expense was $20.4 million and $17.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Depreciation expense was $60.0 million and $56.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

Amortization expense related to the Company’s intangible lease assets was $1.2 million and $0.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Amortization expense related to the Company’s intangible lease assets was $2.3 million and $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Amortization expense related to the Company’s intangible lease assets for all acquisitions completed through September 30, 2021 is expected to be $1.5 million for the remainder of the year ended December 31, 2021. Due to the six-month useful life attributable to intangible lease assets, the value of intangible lease assets on any acquisition prior to March 31, 2021 has been fully amortized and the assets and related accumulated amortization have been written off as of September 30, 2021.

Acquisitions

The Company acquired three properties during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as detailed in the table below (dollars in thousands). There were no acquisitions of real estate during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Property Name Location Date of<br><br><br>Acquisition Purchase Price Mortgage Debt # Units Effective<br><br><br>Ownership
The Verandas at Lake Norman Charlotte, North Carolina June 30, 2021 $ 63,500 $ 34,925 264 100 %
Creekside at Matthews Charlotte, North Carolina June 30, 2021 58,000 31,900 240 100 %
Six Forks Station Raleigh, North Carolina September 10, 2021 74,760 41,180 323 100 %
$ 196,260 $ 108,005 827

Dispositions

There were no dispositions of real estate during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The Company sold four properties for approximately $142.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Cutter’s Point Casualty Losses

On October 20, 2019, as a result of a tornado, the Cutter’s Point property suffered significant property damage. The damage incurred rendered the property inoperable; therefore, the Company ceased operations at the property because it was under reconstruction. In relation to this event, the Company wrote down the carrying value of Cutter’s Point by approximately $7.8 million, and, in accordance with ASC 610 Other Income, the Company recognized approximately $3.5 million in casualty losses on the consolidated  statement of operations and comprehensive income during the year ended December 31, 2019. Lost rental income is insured and the Company expects any operating losses resulting from the damage to be immaterial while the property undergoes reconstruction. Starting November 1, 2019, the Company began capitalizing insurance expense, real estate taxes, interest expense and debt issuance costs to construction in progress and stopped depreciation due to Cutter’s Point being under development. As of September 30, 2021, approximately $0.8 million of these costs have been capitalized. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Cutter's Point recognized $1.1 million in casualty gains on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in relation to this event.  The Company filed a business interruption insurance claim and recognized approximately $0.9 million for the lost rent, which is included in miscellaneous income on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Upon completion of Phase I of the rebuild efforts, the Company returned 60 units to service in 2020; On June 21, 2021, 80 downed units were returned to service; During the third quarter of 2021, the remaining 56 units as part of Phase II of the rebuild were completed of which 48 were leased as of September 30, 2021. As of September 30, 2021, we excluded eight of the Cutter’s Point units from the Portfolio’s total unit count due to the limited amount of time the eight returned units were available for the period ending September 30, 2021.

Venue 8651 Casualty Losses

On June 10, 2020, as a result of a fire, the Venue 8651 property suffered property damage. In relation to this event, the Company wrote down the carrying value of Venue 8651 by approximately $0.6 million, and, in accordance with ASC 610 Other Income, the Company recognized approximately $0.2 million in net casualty gains which is included in property operating expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) during the year ended December 31, 2020. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Venue 8651 recognized approximately $0.1 million in business interruption proceeds for lost rent which is included in miscellaneous income on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). As of September 30, 2021, we excluded eight of the Venue 8651 units from the Portfolio’s total unit count and all same store pools due to the property reconstruction which is estimated to be completed in 2022.

Timber Creek Casualty Losses

On November 26, 2020, as a result of a fire, the Timber Creek property suffered property damage. In relation to this event, the Company wrote down the carrying value of Timber Creek by approximately $0.6 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Timber Creek recognized approximately $0.2 million in business interruption proceeds for lost rent which is included in miscellaneous income on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). As of September 30, 2021, we excluded 16 of the Timber Creek units from the Portfolio’s total unit count and all same store pools due to the property reconstruction which is estimated to be completed in 2022.

Winter Storm Uri

In February of 2021, as a result of winter storm Uri, Atera, Hollister Place, Old Farm, Stone Creek, Cutter’s Point, and Venue 8651 each sustained significant property damage. In relation to this event, the Company wrote down the carrying value of the

impacted properties by approximately $2.0 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized $1.3 million in casualty gains and $0.4 million in business interruption proceeds for lost rent, which is included in miscellaneous income, on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) in relation to this event. As of September 30, 2021, 57 units damaged by winter storm Uri are excluded from the Portfolio’s total unit count and all same store pools due to the properties reconstruction which are estimated to be completed in 2021.

  1. Debt

Mortgage Debt

The following table contains summary information concerning the mortgage debt of the Company as of September 30, 2021 (dollars in thousands):

Operating Properties Type Term (months) Outstanding<br><br><br>Principal (1) Interest Rate (2) Maturity Date
Arbors on Forest Ridge Floating 84 $ 13,130 1.76% 7/1/2024
Cutter's Point Floating 84 16,640 1.76% 7/1/2024
Silverbrook Floating 84 30,590 1.76% 7/1/2024
The Summit at Sabal Park Floating 84 13,560 1.70% 7/1/2024
Courtney Cove Floating 84 13,680 1.70% 7/1/2024
The Preserve at Terrell Mill Floating 84 42,480 1.70% 7/1/2024
Versailles Floating 84 23,880 1.70% 7/1/2024
Seasons 704 Apartments Floating 84 17,460 1.70% 7/1/2024
Madera Point Floating 84 15,150 1.70% 7/1/2024
Venue at 8651 Floating 84 13,734 1.86% 7/1/2024
The Venue on Camelback Floating 84 28,093 1.76% 7/1/2024
Old Farm Floating 84 52,886 1.76% 7/1/2024
Stone Creek at Old Farm Floating 84 15,274 1.76% 7/1/2024
Timber Creek Floating 84 24,100 1.34% 10/1/2025
Radbourne Lake Floating 84 20,000 1.37% 10/1/2025
Sabal Palm at Lake Buena Vista Floating 84 42,100 1.38% 9/1/2025
Cornerstone Fixed 120 20,929 4.24% 3/1/2023
Parc500 Fixed 120 14,738 4.49% 8/1/2025
Hollister Place Floating 84 14,811 1.42% 10/1/2025
Rockledge Apartments Floating 84 68,100 1.65% 7/1/2024
Atera Apartments Floating 84 29,500 1.56% 11/1/2024
Crestmont Reserve Floating 84 12,061 1.26% 10/1/2025
Brandywine I & II Floating 84 43,835 1.26% 10/1/2025
Bella Vista Floating 84 29,040 1.40% 2/1/2026
The Enclave Floating 84 25,322 1.40% 2/1/2026
The Heritage Floating 84 24,625 1.40% 2/1/2026
Summers Landing Floating 84 10,109 1.26% 10/1/2025
Residences at Glenview Reserve Floating 84 26,560 1.52% 10/1/2025
Residences at West Place Fixed 120 33,817 4.24% 10/1/2028
Avant at Pembroke Pines Floating 84 177,101 1.51% 9/1/2026
Arbors of Brentwood Floating 84 34,237 1.51% 10/1/2026
Torreyana Apartments Floating 84 37,400 1.78% 12/1/2026
Bloom Floating 84 58,850 1.78% 12/1/2026
Bella Solara Floating 84 36,575 1.78% 12/1/2026
Fairways at San Marcos Floating 84 46,464 2.18% 12/1/2027
The Verandas at Lake Norman Floating 84 34,925 1.90% 7/1/2028
Creekside at Matthews Floating 84 31,900 1.90% 7/1/2028
Six Forks Station Floating 120 41,180 1.77% 10/1/2031
$ 1,234,836
Fair market value adjustment 1,110 (11)
Deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization of 4,671 (5,974 )
$ 1,229,972
Held For Sale Property
Beechwood Terrace Floating 84 $ 23,365 1.52% 9/1/2025
Cedar Pointe Floating 84 17,300 1.43% 9/1/2025
$ 40,665
Deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization of 139 (179 )
$ 40,486

All values are in US Dollars.

(1) Mortgage debt that is non-recourse to the Company and encumbers the multifamily properties.
(2) Interest rate is based on a reference rate plus an applicable margin, except for fixed rate mortgage debt. One-month LIBOR was 0.08025% and 30-Day Average Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) was 0.05% as of September 30, 2021. Fairways at San Marcos, Verandas at Lake Norman, Creekside at Matthews, and Six Forks Station utilize 30-Day Average SOFR as its reference rate while all other properties utilize one-month LIBOR.
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(3) Loan can be pre-paid in the first 12 months of the term in certain circumstances at par plus 5.00%. Starting in the 13^th^ month of the term through the 81^st^ month of the term, the loan can be pre-paid at par plus 1.00% of the unpaid principal balance and at par during the last three months of the term.
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(4) Debt in the amount of $18.0 million was assumed upon acquisition of this property and recorded at approximated fair value. The assumed debt carries a 4.09% fixed rate, was originally issued in March 2013, and had a term of 120 months with an initial 24 months of interest only. At the time of acquisition, the principal balance of the first mortgage remained unchanged and had a remaining term of 98 months with 2 months of interest only. The first mortgage is pre-payable and subject to yield maintenance from the 13^th^ month through August 31, 2022 and is pre-payable at par September 1, 2022 until maturity. Concurrently with the acquisition of the property, the Company placed a supplemental second mortgage on the property with a principal amount of approximately $5.8 million, a fixed rate of 4.70%, and with a maturity date that is the same time as the first mortgage. The supplemental second mortgage is pre-payable and subject to yield maintenance from the date of issuance through August 31, 2022 and is pre-payable at par September 1, 2022 until maturity. As of September 30, 2021, the total indebtedness secured by the property had a blended interest rate of 4.24%.
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(5) Debt was assumed upon acquisition of this property and recorded at approximated fair value. The loan is open to pre-payment in the last four months of the term.
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(6) Loan can be pre-paid in the first 12 months of the term in certain circumstances at par plus 5.00%.  Starting in the 13^th^ month of the term through the 81^st^ month of the term, the loan can be pre-paid at par plus 1.00% of the unpaid principal balance and at par during the last three months of the term.
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(7) Debt was assumed upon acquisition of this property and recorded at approximated fair value.  It can be pre-paid in the first 12 months of the term in certain circumstances at par plus 5.00%. Starting in the 13^th^ month of the term through the 81^st^ month of the term, the loan can be pre-paid at par plus 1.00% of the unpaid principal balance and at par during the last three months of the term.
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(8) Debt was assumed upon acquisition of this property and recorded at approximated fair value. The loan can be prepaid at the greater of par plus 1.00% of the unpaid principal balance or the product obtained by multiplying the present value of the principal being prepaid by the excess of the monthly fixed interest rate of the loan over a daily discount rate. The loan is open to pre-payment in the last three months of the term.
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(9) Starting in the 25^th^ month of the term through the 36^th^ month of the term, the loan can be pre-paid at par plus 2% of the unpaid principal balance. Starting in the 37^th^ month of the term, the loan can be pre-paid at par plus 1% of the unpaid principal balance. The loan is open to pre-payment in the last three months of the term.
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(10) Loan can be pre-paid in the first 24 months of the term in certain circumstances at par plus 5.00%. Starting in the 25^th^ month of the term through the 116^th^ of the term, the loan can be pre-paid at par plus 1.00% of the unpaid principal balance and at par during the last four months of the term.
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(11) The Company reflected a valuation adjustment on its fixed rate debt for Parc500 and Residences at West Place to adjust it to fair market value on their respective dates of acquisition for the difference between the fair value and the assumed principal amount of debt. The difference is amortized into interest expense over the remaining terms of the mortgages.
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The weighted average interest rate of the Company’s mortgage indebtedness was 1.77% as of September 30, 2021 and 1.83% as of December 31, 2020. The decrease between the periods is primarily related to a decrease in one-month LIBOR of approximately 6 basis points to 0.08025% as of September 30, 2021 from 0.14388% as of December 31, 2020. As of September 30, 2021, the adjusted weighted average interest rate of the Company’s mortgage indebtedness was 2.93%. For purposes of calculating the adjusted weighted average interest rate of the outstanding mortgage indebtedness, the Company has included the weighted average fixed rate of 1.3461% for one-month LIBOR on its combined $1.2 billion notional amount of interest rate swap agreements, which effectively fix the interest rate on $1.2 billion of the Company’s floating rate mortgage debt (see Note 7).

Each of the Company’s mortgages is a non-recourse obligation subject to customary provisions. The loan agreements contain customary events of default, including defaults in the payment of principal or interest, defaults in compliance with the covenants contained in the documents evidencing the loan, defaults in payments under any other security instrument covering any part of the property, whether junior or senior to the loan, and bankruptcy or other insolvency events. As of September 30, 2021, the Company believes it is in compliance with all provisions.

Freddie Mac Multifamily Green Advantage. In order to obtain more favorable pricing on the Company’s mortgage debt financing with Freddie Mac, the Company decided to participate in Freddie Mac’s Multifamily Green Advantage program (the “Green Program”). As of September 30, 2021, the Company had completed its Green Program improvements on all but one property, which is expected to be completed in 2021. The Company expects to reduce water/sewer costs at each property where the Green Program is implemented by at least 15% through the replacement of showerheads, plumbing fixtures and toilets with modern energy efficient upgrades. Due to changes in Freddie Mac’s requirements to participate in the Green Program, the Company is not implementing this on acquisitions going forward.

Credit Facility

The following table contains summary information concerning the Company’s credit facility as of September 30, 2021 (dollars in thousands):

Term (months) Outstanding<br><br><br>Principal Interest Rate (1) Maturity Date
Corporate Credit Facility 36 $ 225,000 2.48% 6/30/2024
Corporate Credit Facility 3 50,000 2.48% 12/31/2021
Deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization of 149 (1,661 )
$ 273,339

All values are in US Dollars.

(1) Interest rate is based on one-month LIBOR plus an applicable margin.  One-month LIBOR as of September 30, 2021 was 0.08025%.

Corporate Credit Facility. On June 30, 2021, the Company, through the OP, entered into a secured $250.0 million credit facility with Truist Bank (“Truist”), as administrative agent, and the lenders from time to time party thereto (the “Corporate Credit Facility”). $225 million of the Corporate Credit Facility was a revolving credit facility and $25 million of the Corporate Credit Facility was a term loan. In addition, on June 30, 2021, in connection with entering into the Corporate Credit Facility, the Company, through the OP, terminated its $225.0 million revolving credit facility with Truist, as administrative agent, and the lenders from time to time party thereto, prior to the maturity date of January 28, 2022. Subject to conditions provided in the Corporate Credit Facility, the Corporate Credit Facility may be increased up to an additional $100.0 million (the “Accordion Feature”) if the lenders agree to increase their commitments or if the lenders agree for the increase to be funded by any additional lender proposed by the Company, through the OP. The Corporate Credit Facility will mature on June 30, 2024 with respect to the revolving commitments, unless the Company exercises its option to voluntarily and permanently reduce all of the revolving commitments before the maturity date or elects to exercise its right and option to extend the facility with respect to the revolving commitments for a single one-year term and on December 31, 2021 with respect to the term loan. On September 9, 2021, the Company, through the OP, modified the Corporate Credit Facility to provide for an additional $35.0 million term loan with a maturity date of December 31, 2021, increasing the Corporate Credit Facility from $250 million to $285 million. In conjunction with the increase in the facility, the Company incurred costs of $0.3 million in obtaining the additional financing through the modification (see “Deferred Financing Costs” below). On September 30, 2021, the Company made a $10.0 million principal payment on the term loans resulting in $275.0 million in aggregate principal outstanding as of September 30, 2021 on the Corporate Credit Facility, with $50.0 million of the term loans maturing on December 31, 2021. The Company intends on using the net cash proceeds from the dispositions of its held-for-sale properties, Beechwood Terrace and Cedar Pointe, to repay the $50.0 million term loans that mature on December 31, 2021 (see Note 12).

Advances under the Corporate Credit Facility accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company’s election, either LIBOR plus a margin of 1.90% to 2.40%, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio, or a base rate determined according to the highest of (a) the prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (c) LIBOR plus 1.0% or (d) 0.0% plus a margin of 0.90% to 1.40%, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio. An unused commitment fee at a rate of 0.15% or 0.25%, depending on the outstanding aggregate revolving commitments, applies to unutilized borrowing capacity under the Corporate Credit Facility. Amounts owing under the Corporate Credit Facility may be prepaid at any time without premium or penalty. The Corporate Credit Facility is guaranteed by the Company and the obligations under the Credit Facility are, subject to some exceptions, secured by a continuing security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Company. The Company is in compliance with all of the covenants required in its Corporate Credit Facility.

Deferred Financing Costs

The Company defers costs incurred in obtaining financing and amortizes the costs over the terms of the related loans using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method. Deferred financing costs, net of amortization, are recorded as a reduction from the related debt on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, amortization of deferred financing costs of approximately $0.5 million and $0.7 million, respectively, is included in interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, amortization of deferred financing costs of approximately $1.6 million and $2.1 million, respectively, is included in interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt and Modification Costs

Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs includes prepayment penalties and defeasance costs incurred on the early repayment of debt, costs incurred in a debt modification that are not capitalized as deferred financing costs and other costs incurred in a debt extinguishment. Upon repayment of or in conjunction with a material change in the terms of the underlying debt agreement, any

unamortized costs are charged to loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company wrote-off deferred financing costs of approximately $0.3 million and $0.8 million, respectively, which is included in loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Schedule of Debt Maturities

The aggregate scheduled maturities, including amortizing principal payments, of total debt for the next five calendar years subsequent to September 30, 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

Operating<br><br><br>Properties Held For Sale<br><br><br>Property Credit Facility Total
2021 $ 315 $ — $ 50,000 $ 50,315
2022 1,508 — — 1,508
2023 21,252 — — 21,252
2024 395,098 — 225,000 620,098
2025 205,227 40,665 — 245,892
Thereafter 611,436 — — 611,436
Total $ 1,234,836 $ 40,665 $ 275,000 $ 1,550,501
  1. Fair Value of Derivatives and Financial Instruments

Fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs that are classified within Levels 1 and 2 of the hierarchy) and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions (unobservable inputs classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy):

• Level 1 inputs utilize quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access.
• Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 2 inputs may include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability (other than quoted prices), such as interest rates and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.
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• Level 3 inputs are the unobservable inputs for the asset or liability, which are typically based on an entity’s own assumption, as there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on input from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety.
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The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. The Company utilizes independent third parties to perform the allocation of value analysis for each property acquisition and to perform the market valuations on its derivative financial instruments and has established policies, as described above, processes and procedures intended to ensure that the valuation methodologies for investments and derivative financial instruments are fair and consistent as of the measurement date.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its debt funding and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company may enter into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are used to manage differences in the amount, timing, and duration of the Company’s known or expected cash payments principally related to the Company’s borrowings. In order to minimize counterparty credit risk, the Company enters into and expects to enter into hedging arrangements only with major financial institutions that have high credit ratings.

The Company utilizes an independent third party to perform the market valuations on its derivative financial instruments. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. The fair values of interest

rate swaps are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts (or payments) and the discounted expected variable cash payments (or receipts). The variable cash payments (or receipts) are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. The fair values of interest rate caps are determined using the market standard methodology of discounting the future expected cash receipts that would occur if variable interest rates rise above the strike rate of the caps. The variable interest rates used in the calculation of projected receipts on the cap are based on an expectation of future interest rates derived from observable market interest rate curves and volatilities. To comply with the provisions of ASC 820, the Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both the Company’s own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of the Company’s derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts and guarantees. Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with the Company’s derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties. The Company has determined that the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments made to its derivative contracts, which determination was based on the fair value of each individual contract, was not significant to the overall valuation. As a result, all of the Company’s derivatives held as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The Company’s main objective in using interest rate derivatives is to add stability to interest expense related to floating rate debt. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps and caps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The interest rate swaps have terms ranging from four to five years. Interest rate caps involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty if interest rates rise above the strike rate on the contract in exchange for an up-front premium. The interest rate caps have terms ranging from three to four years. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, interest rate cap derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with a portion of the Company’s floating rate debt. The interest rate cap agreements the Company has entered into effectively cap one-month LIBOR on $412.2 million of the Company’s floating rate mortgage indebtedness at a weighted average rate of 5.02% as of September 30, 2021.

In order to fix a portion of, and mitigate the risk associated with, the Company’s floating rate indebtedness (without incurring substantial prepayment penalties or defeasance costs typically associated with fixed rate indebtedness when repaid early or refinanced), the Company, through the OP, has entered into nine interest rate swap transactions with KeyBank National Association (“KeyBank”) and two with Truist Bank (the “Counterparties”) with a combined notional amount of $1.2 billion which are effective as of September 30, 2021. The interest rate swaps the Company has entered into effectively replace the floating interest rate (one-month LIBOR) with respect to that amount with a weighted average fixed rate of 1.3461%. The Company has designated these interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk.

As of September 30, 2021, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swaps that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk (dollars in thousands):

Effective Date Termination Date Counterparty Notional Amount Fixed Rate (1)
April 1, 2017 April 1, 2022 KeyBank $ 100,000 1.9570 %
May 1, 2017 April 1, 2022 KeyBank 50,000 1.9610 %
July 1, 2017 July 1, 2022 KeyBank 100,000 1.7820 %
June 1, 2019 June 1, 2024 KeyBank 50,000 2.0020 %
June 1, 2019 June 1, 2024 Truist 50,000 2.0020 %
September 1, 2019 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 100,000 1.4620 %
September 1, 2019 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 125,000 1.3020 %
January 3, 2020 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 92,500 1.6090 %
March 4, 2020 June 1, 2026 Truist 100,000 0.8200 %
June 1, 2021 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 200,000 0.8450 %
June 1, 2021 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 200,000 0.9530 %
$ 1,167,500 1.3461 % (2)
(1) The floating rate option for the interest rate swaps is one-month LIBOR. As of September 30, 2021, one-month LIBOR was 0.08025%.
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(2) Represents the weighted average fixed rate of the interest rate swaps.
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As of September 30, 2021, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swaps that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk with future effective dates (dollars in thousands):

Effective Date Termination Date Counterparty Notional Amount Fixed Rate (1)
March 1, 2022 March 1, 2025 Truist $ 145,000 0.5730 %
March 1, 2022 March 1, 2025 Truist 105,000 0.6140 %
September 1, 2026 January 1, 2027 KeyBank 92,500 1.7980 %
$ 342,500 0.9164 % (2)
(1) The floating rate option for the interest rate swaps is one-month LIBOR. As of September 30, 2021, one-month LIBOR was 0.08025%.
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(2) Represents the weighted average fixed rate of the interest rate swaps.
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Derivatives not designated as hedges are not speculative and are used to manage the Company’s exposure to interest rate movements but either do not meet the strict requirements to apply hedge accounting in accordance with FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or the Company has elected not to designate such derivatives as hedges. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated in hedging relationships are recorded directly in net income (loss) as interest expense.

As of September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company had the following outstanding derivatives that were not designated as hedges in qualifying hedging relationships (dollars in thousands):

As of September 30, Number of<br><br><br>Instruments Notional Amount
2021 14 $ 412,221
2020 15 $ 346,542

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Asset Derivatives Liability Derivatives
Balance Sheet Location September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020 September 30, 2021 December 31, 2020
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps Fair market value of interest rate swaps $ — $ — $ 12,466 $ 43,530
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate caps Prepaid and other assets 81 3 — —
Total $ 81 $ 3 $ 12,466 $ 43,530

The tables below present the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

Amount of gain (loss)<br><br><br>recognized in OCI Location of gain<br><br><br>(loss) reclassified<br><br><br>from accumulated Amount of gain (loss)<br><br><br>reclassified from<br><br><br>OCI into income
2021 2020 OCI into income 2021 2020
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
For the three months ended September 30,
Interest rate products $ 801 $ 413 Interest expense $ (3,744 ) $ (3,654 )
For the nine months ended September 30,
Interest rate products $ 19,929 $ (60,170 ) Interest expense $ (11,153 ) $ (5,651 )
Location of gain<br><br><br>(loss) Amount of gain (loss)<br><br><br>recognized in income
--- --- --- --- --- ---
recognized in<br><br><br>income 2021 2020
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
For the three months ended September 30,
Interest rate products Interest expense $ 52 $ 28
For the nine months ended September 30,
Interest rate products Interest expense $ 96 $ —

Other Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value

Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP have a redemption feature and are marked to their redemption value if such value exceeds the carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP (see Note 10). The redemption value is based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the redemption date, and therefore, is calculated based on the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the balance sheet date. Since the valuation is based on observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP are classified as Level 2 if they are adjusted to their redemption value.

Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value

At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the fair values of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, prepaid and other assets, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, accrued real estate taxes payable, accrued interest payable, security deposits and prepaid rent approximated their carrying values because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The estimated fair values of other financial instruments were determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and develop estimated fair values. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company would realize on the disposition of the financial instruments. The use of different market assumptions or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

Long-term indebtedness is carried at amounts that reasonably approximate their fair value at the time they were recognized. In calculating the fair value of its long-term indebtedness, the Company used interest rate and spread assumptions that reflect current credit worthiness and market conditions available for the issuance of long-term debt with similar terms and remaining maturities. These financial instruments utilize Level 2 inputs.

The table below presents the carrying value and estimated fair value of our debt at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

September 30, 2021 September 30, 2020
Carrying Value Estimated<br><br><br>Fair Value Carrying Value Estimated<br><br><br>Fair Value
Fixed rate debt $ 69,484 $ 71,550 $ 70,258 $ 74,869
Floating rate debt (1) $ 1,481,017 $ 1,505,923 $ 1,266,547 $ 1,305,604
(1) Includes balances outstanding under our Corporate Credit Facility.
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Real estate assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. In such cases, the Company will evaluate the recoverability of such real estate assets based on estimated future cash flows and the estimated liquidation value of such real estate assets, and provide for impairment if such undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the real estate asset. If impaired, the real estate asset will be written down to its estimated fair value. There can be no assurance that the estimates discussed herein, using Level 3 inputs, are indicative of the amounts the Company could realize on disposition of the real estate asset. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company did not record any impairment charges related to real estate assets.

  1. Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company issued 133,097 shares of common stock pursuant to its long-term incentive plan (see “Long Term Incentive Plan” below) and 101,587 shares pursuant to its at-the-market offering (see “At-the-Market Offering” below).

As of September 30, 2021, the Company had 25,251,641 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, issued and outstanding.

Share Repurchase Program

On June 15, 2016, the Board authorized the Company to repurchase up to $30.0 million of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share, during a two-year period that was set to expire on June 15, 2018 (the “Share Repurchase Program”). On April 30, 2018, the Board increased the Share Repurchase Program from $30.0 million to up to $40.0 million and extended it by an additional two years to June 15, 2020. On March 13, 2020, the Board further increased the Share Repurchase Program from $40.0 million to up to $100.0 million and extended it to March 12, 2023.  The Company may utilize various methods to effect the repurchases, and the timing and extent of the repurchases will depend upon several factors, including market and business conditions, regulatory requirements and other corporate considerations, including whether the Company’s common stock is trading at a significant discount to net asset value per share. Repurchases under this program may be discontinued at any time. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company repurchased zero and 1,644,697 shares of its common stock. Since the inception of the Share Repurchase Program through September 30, 2021, the Company had repurchased 2,382,155 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share, at a total cost of approximately $61.2 million, or $25.70 per share.

Treasury Shares

From time to time, in accordance with the Company’s Share Repurchase Program, the Company may repurchase shares of its common stock in the open market. Until any such shares are retired, the cost of the shares is included in common stock held in treasury at cost on the consolidated balance sheet. The number of shares of common stock classified as treasury shares reduces the number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding and, accordingly, are considered in the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company retired zero and 1,644,697 shares of its common stock held in treasury. As of September 30, 2021, the Company had no shares of common stock held in treasury.

Long Term Incentive Plan

On June 15, 2016, the Company’s stockholders approved a long-term incentive plan (the “2016 LTIP”) and the Company filed a registration statement on Form S-8 registering 2,100,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, which the Company may issue pursuant to the 2016 LTIP. The 2016 LTIP authorizes the compensation committee of the Board to provide equity-based compensation in the form of stock options, appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units and certain other awards denominated or payable in, or otherwise based on, the Company’s common stock or factors that may influence the value of the Company’s common stock, plus cash incentive awards, for the purpose of providing the Company’s directors, officers and other key employees (and those of the Adviser and the Company’s subsidiaries), the Company’s non-employee directors, and potentially certain non-employees who perform employee-type functions, incentives and rewards for performance.

Restricted Stock Units

Under the 2016 LTIP, restricted stock units may be granted to the Company’s directors, officers and other key employees (and those of the Adviser and the Company’s subsidiaries) and typically vest over a three to five-year period for officers, employees and certain key employees of the Adviser and annually for directors. Beginning on the date of grant, restricted stock units earn dividends that are payable in cash on the vesting date. On August 11, 2016, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 209,797 restricted stock units to its directors and officers. On March 16, 2017, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 219,802 restricted stock units to its directors and officers. On February 15, 2018, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 275,795 restricted stock units to its directors, officers, employees and certain key employees of the Adviser. On February 21, 2019, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 186,662 restricted stock units to its directors, officers, employees and certain key employees of the Adviser. On February 20, 2020, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 168,183 restricted stock units to its directors, officers, employees and certain key employees of the Adviser. On May 11, 2020, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 116,852 restricted stock units to its directors, officers, employees and certain key employees of the Adviser. On February 18, 2021, pursuant to the 2016 LTIP, the Company granted 204,663 restricted stock units to its directors, officers, employees and certain key employees of the Adviser. The following table includes the number of restricted stock units granted, vested, forfeited and outstanding as of September 30, 2021:

2021
Number of Units Weighted Average<br><br><br>Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding January 1, 553,931 $ 36.83
Granted 204,663 41.43
Vested (167,627 ) (1) 34.18
Forfeited (2,135 ) 41.46
Outstanding September 30, 588,832 $ 39.17
(1) Certain key employees of the Adviser elected to net the taxes owed upon vesting against the shares issued resulting in 133,097 shares being issued as shown on the Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity.
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The following table contains information regarding the vesting of restricted stock units under the 2016 LTIP for the next five calendar years subsequent to September 30, 2021:

Shares Vesting
February May Total
2022 180,249 22,022 202,271
2023 105,495 22,019 127,514
2024 105,495 22,017 127,512
2025 70,607 22,017 92,624
2026 38,911 — 38,911
Total 500,757 88,075 588,832

As of September 30, 2021, the Company had issued 692,256 shares of common stock under the 2016 LTIP. For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized approximately $1.8 million and $1.4 million, respectively, of equity-based compensation expense related to grants of restricted stock units. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company recognized approximately $5.2 million and $4.1 million, respectively, of equity-based compensation expense related to grants of restricted stock units.  As of September 30, 2021, the Company had recognized a liability of approximately $1.3 million related to dividends earned on restricted stock units that are payable in cash upon vesting.

At-the-Market Offering

On February 20, 2019, the Company, the OP and the Adviser entered into separate equity distribution agreements with each of Jefferies LLC (“Jefferies”), Raymond James & Associates, Inc. (“Raymond James”) and Truist Securities, Inc. f/k/a SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, Inc. (“Truist”, and together with Raymond James and Jefferies, the “2019 ATM Sales Agents”), pursuant to which the Company could issue and sell from time to time shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having an aggregate sales price of up to $100,000,000 (the “2019 ATM Program”).  Sales of shares of common stock, if any, could be made in transactions that were deemed to be “at the market” offerings, as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), including, without limitation, sales made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, to or through a market maker at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices based on prevailing market prices.  In addition to the issuance and sale of shares of common stock, the Company could enter into forward sale agreements with each of Jefferies and Raymond James, or their respective affiliates, through the 2019 ATM Program. During the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company issued 560,000 shares of common stock at an average price of $50.00 per share for gross proceeds of $28.0 million under the 2019 ATM Program. The Company paid approximately $0.4 million in fees to the 2019 ATM Sales Agents with respect to such sales and incurred other issuance costs of approximately $0.4 million, both of which were netted against the gross proceeds and recorded in additional paid in capital. On February 27, 2020, the 2019 ATM Program reached aggregate sales of $100,000,000 and therefore expired. The following table contains summary information of the 2019 ATM Program during the year ended December 31, 2020:

Gross proceeds $ 28,000,000
Common shares issued 560,000
Gross average sale price per share $ 50.00
Sales commissions $ 420,000
Offering costs 331,143
Net proceeds 27,248,857
Average price per share, net $ 48.66

On March 4, 2020, the Company, the OP and the Adviser entered into separate equity distribution agreements with each of Jefferies, Raymond James, KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. (“KeyBanc”) and Truist (together with Jefferies, Raymond James, KeyBanc and Truist, the “2020 ATM Sales Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell from time to time shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having an aggregate sales price of up to $225,000,000 (the “2020 ATM Program”).  Sales of shares of common stock, if any, may be made in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings, as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, to or through a market maker at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices based on prevailing market prices.  In addition to the issuance and sale of shares of common stock, the Company may enter into forward sale agreements with each of Jefferies, KeyBanc, Raymond James, and Truist or their respective affiliates, through the 2020 ATM Program. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued 718,306 shares of common stock at an average price of $43.92 per share for gross proceeds of $31.5 million under the 2020 ATM Program. The Company paid approximately $0.5 million in fees to the 2020 ATM Sales Agents with respect to such sales and incurred other issuance costs of approximately $0.6 million, both of which were netted against the gross proceeds and recorded in additional paid in capital. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company issued 101,587 shares of common stock at an average price of $66.36 per share for gross proceeds of $6.7 million under the 2020 ATM Program. The following table contains summary information of the 2020 ATM Program since inception:

Gross proceeds $ 38,287,751
Common shares issued 819,893
Gross average sale price per share $ 46.70
Sales commissions $ 574,317
Offering costs 944,311
Net proceeds 36,769,123
Average price per share, net $ 44.85
  1. Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding, which excludes any unvested restricted stock units issued pursuant to the 2016 LTIP. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by adjusting basic earnings (loss) per share for the dilutive effect of the assumed vesting of restricted stock units. During periods of net loss, the assumed vesting of restricted stock units is anti-dilutive and is not included in the calculation of earnings (loss) per share.

The effect of the conversion of OP Units held by noncontrolling limited partners is not reflected in the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share, as they are exchangeable for common stock on a one-for-one basis. The income (loss) allocable to such units is allocated on this same basis and reflected as net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). As such, the assumed conversion of these units would have no net impact on the determination of diluted earnings (loss) per share. See Note 10 for additional information.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for the periods presented (in thousands, except per share amounts):

For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Numerator for earnings (loss) per share:
Net income (loss) $ (5,407 ) $ 29,641 $ (15,725 ) $ 48,362
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership (16 ) 89 (47 ) 145
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders $ (5,391 ) $ 29,552 $ (15,678 ) $ 48,217
Denominator for earnings (loss) per share:
Weighted average common shares outstanding 25,175 24,372 25,128 24,688
Denominator for basic earnings (loss) per share 25,175 24,372 25,128 24,688
Weighted average unvested restricted stock units 613 554 596 506
Denominator for diluted earnings per share (1) 25,175 24,926 25,128 25,194
Earnings (loss) per weighted average common share:
Basic $ (0.21 ) $ 1.21 $ (0.62 ) $ 1.95
Diluted $ (0.21 ) $ 1.19 $ (0.62 ) $ 1.91
(1) If the Company sustains a net loss for the period presented, unvested restricted stock units are not included in the diluted earnings per share calculation.
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  1. Noncontrolling Interests

Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests in the OP

Interests in the OP held by limited partners are represented by OP Units. Net income (loss) is allocated to holders of OP Units based upon net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders and the weighted average number of OP Units outstanding to total common shares plus OP Units outstanding during the period. Capital contributions, distributions, and profits and losses are allocated to OP Units in accordance with the terms of the partnership agreement of the OP. Each time the OP distributes cash to the Company, outside limited partners of the OP receive their pro-rata share of the distribution. Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP have a redemption feature and are marked to their redemption value if such value exceeds the carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP.

On June 30, 2017, the Company and the OP entered into a contribution agreement with BH Equities, LLC and its affiliates (collectively, “BH Equity”), whereby the Company purchased 100% of the joint venture interests in the Portfolio owned by BH Equity, representing approximately 8.4% ownership in the Portfolio (the “BH Buyout”), for total consideration of approximately $51.7 million (the “Purchase Amount”). The Purchase Amount consisted of approximately $49.7 million in cash that was paid on June 30, 2017 and 73,233 OP Units (initially valued at $2.0 million) that were issued on August 1, 2017. The number of OP Units issued was calculated by dividing $2.0 million by the midpoint of the range of the Company’s net asset value as publicly disclosed in connection with the Company’s release of its second quarter of 2017 earnings results, which was $27.31 per share.

In connection with the issuance of OP Units to BH Equity on August 1, 2017, the Company and the OP amended the partnership agreement of the OP (the “Amendment”). Pursuant to the Amendment, limited partners holding OP Units have the right to cause the OP to redeem their units at a redemption price equal to and in the form of the Cash Amount (as defined in the partnership agreement of the OP), provided that such OP Units have been outstanding for at least one year. The Company, through the OP GP, as the general partner of the OP may, in its sole discretion, purchase the OP Units by paying to the limited partner either the Cash Amount or the REIT Share Amount (one share of common stock of the Company for each OP Unit), as defined in the partnership agreement of the OP. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a limited partner will not be entitled to exercise its redemption right to the extent the issuance of the Company’s common stock to the redeeming limited partner would (1) be prohibited, as determined in the Company’s sole discretion, under the Company’s charter or (2) cause the acquisition of common stock by such redeeming limited partner to be “integrated” with any other distribution of the Company’s common stock for purposes of complying with the Securities Act. Accordingly, the Company records the OP Units held by noncontrolling limited partners outside of permanent equity and reports the OP Units at the greater of their carrying value or their redemption value using the Company’s stock price at each balance sheet date.

The following table sets forth the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 (in thousands):

Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP, December 31, 2020 $ 3,098
Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP (47 )
Other comprehensive income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP 93
Contributions from redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP 11
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP (78 )
Adjustment to reflect redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP 1,455
Redeemable noncontrolling interests in the OP, September 30, 2021 $ 4,532

Noncontrolling Interests

Noncontrolling interests have in the past and may in the future be comprised of joint venture partners’ interests in joint ventures the Company consolidates. When applicable, the Company reports its joint venture partners’ interests in its consolidated joint ventures and other subsidiary interests held by third parties as noncontrolling interests. The Company records these noncontrolling interests at their initial fair value, adjusting the basis prospectively for their share of the respective consolidated investment’s net income or loss, equity contributions, return of capital, and distributions. Generally, these noncontrolling interests are not redeemable by the equity holders and are presented as part of permanent equity. Income and losses are allocated to the noncontrolling interest holder based on its economic ownership percentage.

Fees and Reimbursements to BH and its Affiliates

The Company has entered into management agreements with BH Management Services, LLC (“BH”), the Company’s property manager and an independently owned third party, who manages the Company’s properties and supervises the implementation of the Company’s value-add program. BH is an affiliate of BH Equity, who was a noncontrolling interest member of the Company’s joint ventures prior to the BH Buyout on June 30, 2017. Through BH Equity’s noncontrolling interests in such joint ventures, BH Equity was deemed to be a related party. With the completion of the BH Buyout, BH Equity is no longer deemed to be a related party. BH Equity became a noncontrolling limited partner of the OP upon execution of the Amendment. BH and its affiliates do not have common ownership in any joint venture with the Adviser; there is also no common ownership between BH and its affiliates and the Adviser.

The property management fee paid to BH is approximately 3% of the monthly gross income from each property managed. Currently, BH manages all of the Company’s properties. Additionally, the Company may pay BH certain other fees, including: (1) a fee of $15-25 per unit for the one-time setup and inspection of properties, (2) a construction supervision fee of 5-6% of total project costs, which is capitalized, (3) acquisition fees and due diligence costs reimbursements, and (4) other owner approved fees at $55 per hour. BH also acts as a paymaster for the properties and is reimbursed at cost for various operating expenses it pays on behalf of the properties. The following is a summary of fees that the properties incurred to BH and its affiliates, as well as reimbursements paid to BH from the properties for various operating expenses, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Fees incurred
Property management fees (1) $ 1,632 $ 1,484 $ 4,621 $ 4,487
Construction supervision fees (2) 276 374 832 1,421
Design fees (2) 6 99 84 612
Acquisition fees (3) 183 — 458 —
Reimbursements
Payroll and benefits (4) 4,581 4,814 13,638 13,470
Other reimbursements (5) 865 784 2,547 2,469
(1) Included in property management fees on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
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(2) Capitalized on the consolidated balance sheets and reflected in buildings and improvements.
--- ---
(3) Includes due diligence costs. Acquisition fees are capitalized to real estate assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
--- ---
(4) Included in property operating expenses on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
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(5) Includes property operating expenses such as repairs and maintenance costs and certain property general and administrative expenses, which are included on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
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  1. Related Party Transactions

Advisory and Administrative Fee

In accordance with the Advisory Agreement, the Company pays the Adviser an advisory fee equal to 1.00% of the Average Real Estate Assets (as defined below). The duties performed by the Company’s Adviser under the terms of the Advisory Agreement include, but are not limited to: providing daily management for the Company, selecting and working with third party service providers, managing the Company’s properties or overseeing the third party property manager, formulating an investment strategy for the Company and selecting suitable properties and investments, managing the Company’s outstanding debt and its interest rate exposure through derivative instruments, determining when to sell assets, and managing the value-add program or overseeing a third party vendor that implements the value-add program. “Average Real Estate Assets” means the average of the aggregate book value of Real Estate Assets before reserves for depreciation or other non-cash reserves, computed by taking the average of the book value of real estate assets at the end of each month (1) for which any fee under the Advisory Agreement is calculated or (2) during the year for which any expense reimbursement under the Advisory Agreement is calculated. “Real Estate Assets” is defined broadly in the Advisory Agreement to include, among other things, investments in real estate-related securities and mortgages and reserves for capital expenditures (the value-add program). The advisory fee is payable monthly in arrears in cash, unless the Adviser elects, in its sole discretion, to receive all or a portion of the advisory fee in shares of common stock, subject to certain limitations.

In accordance with the Advisory Agreement, the Company also pays the Adviser an administrative fee equal to 0.20% of the Average Real Estate Assets. The administrative fee is payable monthly in arrears in cash, unless the Adviser elects, in its sole discretion, to receive all or a portion of the administrative fee in shares of common stock, subject to certain limitations.

The advisory and administrative fees paid to the Adviser on the Contributed Assets (as defined in the Advisory Agreement) are subject to an annual cap of approximately $5.4 million (the “Contributed Assets Cap”) (see “Expense Cap” below).

Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Company will reimburse the Adviser for all documented Operating Expenses and Offering Expenses it incurs on behalf of the Company. “Operating Expenses” include legal, accounting, financial and due diligence services performed by the Adviser that outside professionals or outside consultants would otherwise perform, the Company’s pro rata share of rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead expenses of the Adviser required for the Company’s operations, and compensation expenses under the 2016 LTIP. Operating Expenses do not include expenses for the advisory and administrative services described in the Advisory Agreement. Certain Operating Expenses, such as the Company’s ratable share of rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other

office, internal and overhead expenses incurred by the Adviser or its affiliates that relate to the operations of the Company, may be billed monthly to the Company under a shared services agreement. “Offering Expenses” include all expenses (other than underwriters’ discounts) in connection with an offering, including, without limitation, legal, accounting, printing, mailing and filing fees and other documented offering expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Adviser did not bill any Operating Expenses or Offering Expenses to the Company and any such expenses the Adviser incurred during the periods are considered to be permanently waived.

Expense Cap

Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, expenses paid or incurred by the Company for advisory and administrative fees payable to the Adviser and Operating Expenses will not exceed 1.5% of Average Real Estate Assets per calendar year (or part thereof that the Advisory Agreement is in effect (the “Expense Cap”)). The Expense Cap does not limit the reimbursement of expenses related to Offering Expenses. The Expense Cap also does not apply to legal, accounting, financial, due diligence and other service fees incurred in connection with mergers and acquisitions, extraordinary litigation or other events outside the Company’s ordinary course of business or any out-of-pocket acquisitions or due diligence expenses incurred in connection with the acquisition or disposition of real estate assets. Also, advisory and administrative fees are further limited on Contributed Assets to approximately $5.4 million in any calendar year. Contributed Assets refers to all Real Estate Assets contributed to the Company as part of its spin-off. The Contributed Assets Cap is not reduced for dispositions of such assets subsequent to its spin-off. Advisory and administrative fees on New Assets are not subject to the above limitation and are based on an annual rate of 1.2% on Average Real Estate Assets, but are subject to the Expense Cap. New Assets are all Real Estate Assets that are not Contributed Assets.

For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company incurred advisory and administrative fees of $1.9 million and $2.0 million, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Adviser elected to voluntarily waive the advisory and administrative fees of $4.5 million and $3.8 million, respectively, and are considered to be permanently waived. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company incurred advisory and administrative fees of $5.7 million and $5.8 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Adviser elected to voluntarily waive the advisory and administrative fees of $12.6 million and $11.5 million, respectively, and are considered to be permanently waived. The Adviser is not contractually obligated to waive fees on New Assets in the future and may cease waiving fees on New Assets at its discretion.

Other Related Party Transactions

The Company has in the past, and may in the future, utilize the services of affiliated parties. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, the Company paid approximately $0.0 million and $0.2 million, respectively, to NexBank Title, Inc. (“NexBank Title”). NexBank Title is an affiliate of the Adviser through common beneficial ownership. NexBank Title provides title insurance and work related to providing title insurance on properties related to acquisitions, dispositions and refinancing transactions. These amounts are either capitalized as real estate assets or deferred financing costs, expensed as loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs, or expensed as selling costs when determining gain (loss) on sales of real estate, depending on the appropriate accounting as determined for each specific transaction.

On July 30, 2021, three of our property-owning subsidiaries entered into agreements, in the form of Exhibit 10.1, with NLMF Holdco, LLC, an entity under common control with our Adviser and in which we own a 10% equity interest.  Additionally, on July 30, 2021, we entered into agreements, in the form of Exhibit 10.2, with NLMF Leaseco, LLC, which is controlled by Matt McGraner, one of our officers. We expect that these actions will provide faster, more reliable and lower cost internet to our residents. We expect to roll out this service to our other properties in the future. The foregoing description does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by the form agreements, which are attached hereto as Exhibit 10.1 and Exhibit 10.2 and are incorporated herein by reference.

  1. Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various rehabilitation construction related purchase commitments with parties that provide these goods and services. In the event the Company were to terminate rehabilitation construction services prior to the completion of projects, the Company could potentially be committed to satisfy outstanding or uncompleted purchase orders with such parties. As of September 30, 2021, management does not anticipate any material deviations from schedule or budget related to rehabilitation projects currently in process.

The Company’s agreement with NLMF Holdco, LLC may result in additional funding requirements to cover future project costs. The maximum exposure of potential commitments is expected to be no more than $4.0 million. As of September 30, 2021, the Company has funded approximately $0.2 million to NLMF Holdco, LLC which is included in prepaid and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet of the Company.

Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to claims, lawsuits, and legal proceedings. While it is not possible to ascertain the ultimate outcome of all such matters, management believes that the aggregate amount of such liabilities, if any, in excess of amounts provided or covered by insurance, will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated balance sheets or consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) of the Company. The Company is not involved in any material litigation nor, to management’s knowledge, is any material litigation currently threatened against the Company or its properties or subsidiaries.

Environmental liabilities could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, assets, cash flows or results of operations. As of September 30, 2021, the Company was not aware of any environmental liabilities. There can be no assurance that material environmental liabilities do not exist.

Self-Insurance Program

Effective March 1, 2019, the Company maintains a partial self-insurance program for property and casualty claims whereby it incurs the “first-loss” portion of a claim up to an aggregate loss amount.  Claims resulting in losses in excess of a $100,000 per occurrence property deductible will be paid by the Company up to an aggregate amount of $1.2 million (the “2019 Aggregate Amount”).  For the period from March 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020, the Company incurred a claim related to Cutter’s Point (see Note 5) as part of the 2019 Aggregate Amount.  The claim related to Cutter’s Point required the Company to fund the full 2019 Aggregate Amount with $0.6 million being funded in December 2019 and the remaining $0.6 million funded during the three months ended March 31, 2020. For the period from March 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020, there were no other potential claims, besides the claim involving Cutter’s Point, that met the criteria as set forth under ASC 450-20.

On March 1, 2020, the Adviser entered into a new policy resulting in a new aggregate amount of $2,365,000 (the “2020 Aggregate Amount”) which is allocated across properties managed by the Adviser with approximately $1.5 million being allocated to the Company. As of December 30, 2020, all of the $1.5 million of the 2020 Aggregate Amount allocated to the Company has been funded. Under ASC 450-20 “Loss Contingencies”, the Company does not reserve for the 2020 Aggregate Amount or any portion thereof until a claim is made and the amount of the claim and the timing of payment on the claim can be reasonably estimated. For the period from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021, the Company fully funded the 2020 Aggregate Amount for claims related to Venue 8651 and Timber Creek (see Note 5).

On March 1, 2021, the Adviser entered into a new policy resulting in a new aggregate amount of $2,468,750 (the “2021 Aggregate Amount”) which is allocated across properties managed by the Adviser with approximately $1.6 million being allocated to the Company. As of September 30, 2021, all of the $1.6 million of the 2021 Aggregate Amount allocated to the Company has been prepaid. Under ASC 450-20 “Loss Contingencies”, the Company does not reserve for the 2021 Aggregate Amount or any portion thereof until a claim is made and the amount of the claim and the timing of payment on the claim can be reasonably estimated.  For the period from March 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021, the Company has not incurred any claims under the 2021 Aggregate Amount.

  1. Subsequent Events

Dividends Declared

On October 29, 2021, the Company’s Board approved a quarterly dividend of $0.38 per share, payable on December 30, 2021 to stockholders of record on December 15, 2021.

Sale of Multifamily Properties

The Company sold its two held-for-sale properties, Beechwood Terrace and Cedar Pointe, on November 1, 2021 for a combined sales price of approximately $91.3 million.

Principal Paydown on Term Loans

On November 3, 2021, the Company made a $50.0 million principal payment on the term loans using the net cash proceeds from the dispositions of its held-for-sale properties, Beechwood Terrace and Cedar Pointe, resulting in $225.0 million in aggregate principal outstanding on the Corporate Credit Facility. As of November 3, 2021, no principal was outstanding on the term loans maturing on December 31, 2021.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is a discussion and analysis of our financial condition and our historical results of operations. The following should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and accompanying notes. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those projected, forecasted, or expected in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to, those discussed below and elsewhere in this quarterly report. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this report, and “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our annual report on Form 10-K (our “Annual Report”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 22, 2021.

Overview

As of September 30, 2021, our Portfolio consisted of 40 multifamily properties primarily located in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States encompassing 15,032 units of apartment space that was approximately 95.3% leased with a weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit of $1,204. Substantially all of our business is conducted through the OP. We own the Portfolio through the OP and our TRS. The OP owns approximately 99.9% of the Portfolio; our TRS owns approximately 0.1% of the Portfolio. The OP GP is the sole general partner of the OP. As of September 30, 2021, there were 23,819,402 OP Units outstanding, of which 23,746,169, or 99.7%, were owned by us and 73,233, or 0.3%, were owned by an unaffiliated limited partner (see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements).

We are primarily focused on directly or indirectly acquiring, owning, and operating well-located multifamily properties with a value-add component in large cities and suburban submarkets of large cities, primarily in the Southeastern and Southwestern United States. We generate revenue primarily by leasing our multifamily properties. We intend to employ targeted management and a value-add program at a majority of our properties in an attempt to improve rental rates and the net operating income (“NOI”) at our properties and achieve long-term capital appreciation for our stockholders. We are externally managed by the Adviser through the Advisory Agreement, by and among the OP, the Adviser and us. The Advisory Agreement was renewed on February 15, 2021 for a one-year term. The Adviser is wholly owned by NexPoint Advisors, L.P.

On March 4, 2020, the Company, the OP and the Adviser entered into separate equity distribution agreements with each of Jefferies, Raymond James, KeyBanc and Truist, pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell from time-to-time shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having an aggregate sales price of up to $225,000,000.  Sales of shares of common stock, if any, may be made in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings, as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, to or through a market maker at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices based on prevailing market prices.  In addition to the issuance and sale of shares of common stock, the Company may enter into forward sale agreements with each of Jefferies, KeyBanc and Raymond James, or their respective affiliates, through the 2020 ATM Program.  During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, 101,587 shares were issued under the 2020 ATM Program at an average price of $66.36 per share for gross proceeds of $6.7 million. The 2020 ATM Program may be terminated by the Company at any time and expires automatically once aggregate sales under the 2020 ATM Program reach $225,000,000 (see Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements).

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, and expect to continue to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders. As a REIT, we will be subject to federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income, (2) 95% of our capital gain net income and (3) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. We believe we qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code, and we intend to continue to operate in such a manner, but no assurance can be given that we will operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT. Taxable income from certain non-REIT activities is managed through a TRS and is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income and margin taxes. We had no significant taxes associated with our TRS for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

For information on the effects the COVID-19 pandemic has had on our business, see Note 2 “Coronavirus (‘COVID-19’)” to our consolidated financial statements.

On October 15, 2021, a lawsuit was filed by a trust set up in connection with the bankruptcy of Highland Capital Management, L.P. in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of Texas. The lawsuit makes claims against a number of entities, including our Sponsor, the parent of our Advisor, and James Dondero. The lawsuit does not include claims related to our business or our assets or operations. Our Sponsor and Mr. Dondero have informed us that they believe the lawsuit has no merit and they intend to vigorously defend against the claims. We do not expect that the lawsuit will have a material effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Components of Our Revenues and Expenses

Revenues

Rental income. Our earnings are primarily attributable to the rental revenue from our multifamily properties. We anticipate that the leases we enter into for our multifamily properties will typically be for one year or less on average. Also included are utility reimbursements, late fees, pet fees, and other rental fees charged to tenants.

Other income. Other income includes ancillary income earned from tenants such as non-refundable fees, application fees, laundry fees, cable TV income, and other miscellaneous fees charged to tenants.

Expenses

Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses include property maintenance costs, salary and employee benefit costs, utilities, casualty-related expenses and recoveries and other property operating costs.

Real estate taxes and insurance. Real estate taxes include the property taxes assessed by local and state authorities depending on the location of each property. Insurance includes the cost of commercial, general liability, and other needed insurance for each property.

Property management fees. Property management fees include fees paid to BH, our property manager, or other third party management companies for managing each property (see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements).

Advisory and administrative fees. Advisory and administrative fees include the fees paid to our Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement (see Note 11 to our consolidated financial statements).

Corporate general and administrative expenses. Corporate general and administrative expenses include, but are not limited to, audit fees, legal fees, listing fees, board of director fees, equity-based compensation expense, investor relations costs and payments of reimbursements to our Adviser for operating expenses. Corporate general and administrative expenses and the advisory and administrative fees paid to our Adviser (including advisory and administrative fees on properties defined in the Advisory Agreement as New Assets) will not exceed 1.5% of Average Real Estate Assets per calendar year (or part thereof that the Advisory Agreement is in effect), calculated in accordance with the Advisory Agreement (the “Expense Cap”). The Expense Cap does not limit the reimbursement by us of expenses related to securities offerings paid by our Adviser. The Expense Cap also does not apply to legal, accounting, financial, due diligence, and other service fees incurred in connection with mergers and acquisitions, extraordinary litigation, or other events outside our ordinary course of business or any out-of-pocket acquisition or due diligence expenses incurred in connection with the acquisition or disposition of real estate assets.  Additionally, in the sole discretion of the Adviser, the Adviser may elect to waive certain advisory and administrative fees otherwise due.  If advisory and administrative fees are waived in a period, the waived fees for that period are considered to be waived permanently and the Adviser may not be reimbursed in the future.

Property general and administrative expenses. Property general and administrative expenses include the costs of marketing, professional fees, general office supplies, and other administrative related costs of each property.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization costs primarily include depreciation of our multifamily properties and amortization of acquired in-place leases.

Other Income and Expense

Interest expense. Interest expense primarily includes the cost of interest expense on debt, the amortization of deferred financing costs and the related impact of interest rate derivatives used to manage our interest rate risk.

Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs. Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs includes prepayment penalties and defeasance costs, the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and fair market value adjustments of assumed debt related to the early repayment of debt, costs incurred in a debt modification that are not capitalized as deferred financing costs and other costs incurred in a debt extinguishment.

Casualty losses. Casualty losses include expenses resulting from damages from an unexpected and unusual event such as a natural disaster. Expenses can include additional payments on insurance premiums, impairment recognized on a property, and other abnormal expenses arising from the related event.

Miscellaneous income. Miscellaneous income includes proceeds received from insurance for business interruption involving the loss of rental income at a property that has temporarily suspended operations due to an unexpected and unusual event.

Gain on sales of real estate. Gain on sales of real estate includes the gain recognized upon sales of properties. Gain on sales of real estate is calculated by deducting the carrying value of the real estate and costs incurred to sell the properties from the sales prices of the properties.

Results of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

The three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020

The following table sets forth a summary of our operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

For the Three Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 Change
Total revenues $ 56,384 $ 50,990
Total expenses (50,825 ) (45,146 ) )
Operating income before gain on sales of real estate 5,559 5,844 )
Gain on sales of real estate — 30,160 )
Operating income 5,559 36,004 )
Interest expense (11,531 ) (11,049 ) )
Casualty gain (loss) — 4,960 )
Miscellaneous income 565 322
Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs — (596 )
Net income (loss) (5,407 ) 29,641 )
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership (16 ) 89 )
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders $ (5,391 ) $ 29,552 )

All values are in US Dollars.

The change in our net loss for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to our net income for the three months ended September 30, 2020 primarily relates to decreases in casualty gain and gain on sales of real estate, partially offset by an increase in total revenues.

Revenues

Rental income. Rental income was $54.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $49.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $5.3 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to a 7.3% increase in the weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit in our Portfolio to $1,204 as of September 30, 2021 from $1,122 as of September 30, 2020. The increase in effective rent was primarily driven by the value-add program that we have implemented and organic growth in rents.

Other income. Other income was $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $0.1 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to a decrease in application and administration fee concessions of approximately $0.1 million.

Expenses

Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses was $12.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $11.9 for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $0.9 million. The increase between periods was primarily due to $0.5 million increase in payroll expenses.

Real estate taxes and insurance. Real estate taxes and insurance costs were $7.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $7.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was a decrease of approximately $0.1 million. The decrease between the periods was primarily due to our acquisition and disposition activity in 2021 and 2020 and the timing of the transactions. The decrease between the periods was also due to a $0.2 million, or 2.8%, decrease in property taxes, partially offset by a $0.2 million, or 18.8%, increase in property insurance. Property taxes incurred in the first year of ownership may be significantly less than subsequent years since the purchase price of the property may trigger a significant increase in assessed value by the taxing authority in subsequent years, increasing the costs of real estate taxes.

Property management fees. Property management fees were $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $1.5 for the three months ended September 30, 2020 which was an increase of $0.1 million. Property management fees are primarily based on total revenues.

Advisory and administrative fees. Advisory and administrative fees were $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, our Adviser elected to voluntarily waive the advisory and administrative fees of approximately $4.5 million and $3.8 million. Our Adviser is not contractually obligated to waive fees on New Assets in the future and may cease waiving fees on New Assets at its discretion. Advisory and administrative fees may increase in future periods as we acquire additional properties, which will be classified as New Assets.

Corporate general and administrative expenses. Corporate general and administrative expenses were $3.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $0.4 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to an increase of $0.4 million in stock compensation expense.

Property general and administrative expenses. Property general and administrative expenses were $2.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $1.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $0.5 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to a $0.1 million increase in professional fees.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization costs were $21.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $17.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $3.9 million.  The increase between the periods was primarily due to an increase of $1.2 million in amortization of intangible lease assets and an increase in depreciation expense of approximately $2.7 million, which was primarily due to our acquisition activity in 2021 and 2020 and the timing of the transactions. The amortization of intangible lease assets over a six-month period from the date of acquisition is expected to increase the amortization expense during the initial year of operations for each property.

Other Income and Expense

Interest expense. Interest expense was $11.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $11.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $0.5 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to an increase in interest on debt of approximately $0.6 million, partially offset by a decrease in amortization of deferred financing costs of approximately $0.2 million. The following table details the various costs included in interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

For the Three Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 Change
Interest on debt $ 7,239 $ 6,666
Amortization of deferred financing costs 525 702 )
Interest rate swap expense 3,744 3,653
Interest rate caps expense 23 28 )
Total $ 11,531 $ 11,049

All values are in US Dollars.

The nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020

The following table sets forth a summary of our operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 Change
Total revenues $ 160,743 $ 154,252
Total expenses (147,194 ) (145,200 ) )
Operating income before gain on sales of real estate 13,549 9,052
Gain on sales of real estate — 69,151 )
Operating income 13,549 78,203 )
Interest expense (32,830 ) (33,704 )
Casualty gain (loss) 2,379 3,932 )
Miscellaneous income 1,505 1,401
Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs (328 ) (1,470 )
Net income (loss) (15,725 ) 48,362 )
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership (47 ) 145 )
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders $ (15,678 ) $ 48,217 )

All values are in US Dollars.

The change in our net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily relates to decreases in casualty gain and gain on sales of real estate, partially offset by an increase in total revenues.

Revenues

Rental income. Rental income was $156.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $149.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $6.4 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to a 7.3% increase in the weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit in our Portfolio to $1,204 as of September 30, 2021 from $1,122 as of September 30, 2020. The increase in effective rent was primarily driven by the value-add program that we have implemented and organic growth in rents in the markets where our properties are located.

Other income. Other income was $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $0.1 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to a $0.1 million decrease in application and administration concessions.

Expenses

Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses were $35.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $35.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was a decrease of approximately $0.5 million. The decrease between the periods was primarily due to our acquisition and disposition activity in 2021 and 2020 and the timing of the transactions. The decrease between the periods was also due to a $0.4 million decrease in pandemic expense which represents additional cleaning, disinfecting and other costs incurred at the properties related to COVID-19.

Real estate taxes and insurance. Real estate taxes and insurance costs were $24.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $23.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $1.4 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to a $1.2 million, or 5.8%, increase in property taxes. Property taxes incurred in the first year of ownership may be significantly less than subsequent years since the purchase price of the property may trigger a significant increase in assessed value by the taxing authority in subsequent years, increasing the cost of real estate taxes.

Property management fees. Property management fees were $4.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and $4.5 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Property management fees are primarily based on total revenues.

Advisory and administrative fees. Advisory and administrative fees were $5.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and $5.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 which was a decrease of approximately $0.1 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, our Adviser elected to voluntarily waive the advisory and administrative fees of approximately $12.6 million and $11.5 million. Our Adviser is not contractually obligated to waive fees on New Assets in the future and may cease waiving fees on New Assets at its discretion. Advisory and administrative fees may increase in future periods as we acquire additional properties, which will be classified as New Assets.

Corporate general and administrative expenses. Corporate general and administrative expenses were $9.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $8.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $0.7 million. The increase was primarily due to an increase in stock compensation expense of $1.1 million, partially offset by a decrease in audit fees of $0.1 million and filing fees of $0.1 million.

Property general and administrative expenses. Property general and administrative expenses were $5.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $4.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $0.6 million. The increase was primarily due to an increase in lead generation expense of $0.1 million.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization costs were $62.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $62.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was a decrease of approximately $0.2 million. The decrease between the periods was primarily due a decrease in amortization of intangible lease assets of $3.9 million, partially offset by an increase of $3.8 million in depreciation expense, which was primarily due to our acquisition activity in 2021 and 2020 and the timing of the transactions. The amortization of intangible lease assets over a six-month period from the date of acquisition is expected to increase the amortization expense during the initial year of operations for each property.

Other Income and Expense

Interest expense. Interest expense was $32.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $33.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was a decrease of approximately $0.9 million. The decrease between the periods was primarily due a decrease in interest on debt of $5.9 million, partially offset by an increase in interest rate swap expense of approximately $5.5 million. The following table details the various costs included in interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 Change
Interest on debt $ 20,030 $ 25,912 )
Amortization of deferred financing costs 1,581 2,141 )
Interest rate swap expense 11,153 5,651
Interest rate caps expense 66 —
Total $ 32,830 $ 33,704 )

All values are in US Dollars.

Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs.  There was a $0.3 million loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to a $1.5 million loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was a decrease of approximately $1.1 million. The decrease between the periods was primarily due to a decrease in prepayment penalties and defeasance costs of $0.7 million and a decrease in write-off of deferred financing costs of approximately $0.4 million. The following table details the various costs included in loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 Change
Prepayment penalties and defeasance costs $ — $ 711 )
Write-off of deferred financing costs 328 757 )
Debt modification and other extinguishment costs — 2 )
Total $ 328 $ 1,470 )

All values are in US Dollars.

Gain on sales of real estate. Gain on sale of real estate was $0.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $69.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was a decrease of approximately $69.2 million. The decrease between the periods was primarily due to our acquisition and disposition activity in 2021 and 2020 and the timing of the transactions.

Non-GAAP Measurements

Net Operating Income and Same Store Net Operating Income

NOI is used by investors and our management to evaluate and compare the performance of our properties to other comparable properties, to determine trends in earnings and to compute the fair value of our properties. NOI is calculated by adjusting net income (loss) to add back (1) interest expense (2) advisory and administrative fees, (3) the impact of depreciation and amortization expenses as well as gains or losses from the sale of operating real estate assets that are included in net income computed in accordance with GAAP, (4) corporate general and administrative expenses, (5) other gains and losses that are specific to us including loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs, (6) casualty-related expenses/(recoveries) and casualty gains (losses), (7) pandemic expenses that are not reflective of continuing operations of the properties and (8) property general and administrative expenses that are not reflective of the continuing operations of the properties or are incurred on behalf of the Company at the property for expenses such as legal, professional and franchise tax fees.

The cost of funds is eliminated from net income (loss) because it is specific to our particular financing capabilities and constraints. The cost of funds is also eliminated because it is dependent on historical interest rates and other costs of capital as well as past decisions made by us regarding the appropriate mix of capital, which may have changed or may change in the future. Non-operating fees to affiliates are eliminated because they do not reflect continuing operating costs of the property owner. Depreciation and amortization expenses as well as gains or losses from the sale of operating real estate assets are eliminated because they may not accurately represent the actual change in value in our multifamily properties that result from use of the properties or changes in market conditions. While certain aspects of real property do decline in value over time in a manner that is reasonably captured by depreciation and amortization, the value of the properties as a whole have historically increased or decreased as a result of changes in overall economic conditions instead of from actual use of the property or the passage of time. Gains and losses from the sale of real property vary from property to property and are affected by market conditions at the time of sale, which will usually change from period to period. Casualty-related expenses and recoveries, casualty gains and losses, and losses of extinguished debt and modification costs are excluded because they do not reflect continuing operating costs of the property owner. Corporate level general and administrative expenses are eliminated because they do not reflect the operating activity performed at the properties. Entity level general and

administrative expenses incurred at the properties and pandemic expenses are eliminated as they are specific to the way in which we have chosen to hold our properties and are the result of our ownership structuring. Also, expenses that are incurred upon acquisition of a property do not reflect continuing operating costs of the property owner. These gains and losses can create distortions when comparing one period to another or when comparing our operating results to the operating results of other real estate companies that have not made similarly timed purchases or sales. We believe that eliminating these items from net income is useful because the resulting measure captures the actual ongoing revenue generated and actual expenses incurred in operating our properties as well as trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs.

However, the usefulness of NOI is limited because it excludes corporate general and administrative expenses, interest expense, loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs, acquisition costs, certain fees to affiliates such as advisory and administrative fees, depreciation and amortization expense and gains or losses from the sale of properties, pandemic expenses, and other gains and losses as determined under GAAP, the level of capital expenditures and leasing costs necessary to maintain the operating performance of our properties, all of which are significant economic costs. NOI may fail to capture significant trends in these components of net income, which further limits its usefulness.

NOI is a measure of the operating performance of our properties but does not measure our performance as a whole. NOI is therefore not a substitute for net income (loss) as computed in accordance with GAAP. This measure should be analyzed in conjunction with net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP and discussions elsewhere in “—Results of Operations” regarding the components of net income (loss) that are eliminated in the calculation of NOI. Other companies may use different methods for calculating NOI or similarly entitled measures and, accordingly, our NOI may not be comparable to similarly entitled measures reported by other companies that do not define the measure exactly as we do.

We define “Same Store NOI” as NOI for our properties that are comparable between periods. We view Same Store NOI as an important measure of the operating performance of our properties because it allows us to compare operating results of properties owned for the entirety of the current and comparable periods and therefore eliminates variations caused by acquisitions or dispositions during the periods.

NOI and Same Store NOI for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

The following table, which has not been adjusted for the effects of noncontrolling interests, reconciles our NOI and our Same Store NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 to net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure (in thousands):

For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Net income (loss) $ (5,407 ) $ 29,641 $ (15,725 ) $ 48,362
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to NOI:
Advisory and administrative fees 1,938 1,976 5,706 5,777
Corporate general and administrative expenses 3,152 2,807 9,070 8,440
Casualty-related expenses/(recoveries) (1) 120 (47 ) (272 ) 726
Casualty gain — (4,960 ) (2,379 ) (3,932 )
Pandemic expense (2) 11 191 46 475
Property general and administrative expenses (3) 712 482 1,660 1,500
Depreciation and amortization 21,591 17,723 62,335 62,479
Interest expense 11,531 11,049 32,830 33,704
Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs — 596 328 1,470
Gain on sales of real estate — (30,160 ) — (69,151 )
NOI $ 33,648 $ 29,298 $ 93,599 $ 89,850
Less Non-Same Store
Revenues (4,196 ) (1,449 ) (7,421 ) (6,296 )
Operating expenses 1,034 854 2,211 3,321
Operating income (226 ) (322 ) (872 ) (1,401 )
Same Store NOI $ 30,260 $ 28,381 $ 87,517 $ 85,474
(1) Adjustment to net income (loss) to exclude certain property operating expenses that are casualty-related expenses/(recoveries).
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(2) Represents additional cleaning, disinfecting and other costs incurred at the properties related to COVID-19.
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(3) Adjustment to net income (loss) to exclude certain property general and administrative expenses that are not reflective of the continuing operations of the properties or are incurred on our behalf at the property for expenses such as legal, professional and franchise tax fees.
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Net Operating Income for Our Q3 Same Store and Non-Same Store Properties for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

There are 35 properties encompassing 13,576 units of apartment space in our same store pool for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (our “Q3 Same Store” properties). Our Q3 Same Store properties exclude the following five properties in our Portfolio as of September 30, 2021: Fairways at San Marcos, The Verandas at Lake Norman, Creekside at Matthews, Six Forks Station and Cutter’s Point as well as the 81 units (see Note 5) that are currently down.

The following table reflects the revenues, property operating expenses and NOI for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 for our Q3 Same Store and Non-Same Store properties (dollars in thousands):

For the Three Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 Change % Change
Revenues
Same Store
Rental income $ 50,815 $ 48,147 5.5 %
Other income 1,373 1,394 ) -1.5 %
Same Store revenues 52,188 49,541 5.3 %
Non-Same Store
Rental income 4,103 1,431 186.7 %
Other income 93 18 416.7 %
Non-Same Store revenues 4,196 1,449 189.6 %
Total revenues 56,384 50,990 10.6 %
Operating expenses
Same Store
Property operating expenses (1) 11,882 11,299 5.2 %
Real estate taxes and insurance 7,613 7,393 3.0 %
Property management fees (2) 1,518 1,437 5.6 %
Property general and administrative expenses (3) 1,254 1,031 21.6 %
Same Store operating expenses 22,267 21,160 5.2 %
Non-Same Store
Property operating expenses (4) 770 463 66.3 %
Real estate taxes and insurance 33 293 ) -88.7 %
Property management fees (2) 121 52 132.7 %
Property general and administrative expenses (5) 110 46 139.1 %
Non-Same Store operating expenses 1,034 854 21.1 %
Total operating expenses 23,301 22,014 5.8 %
Operating income
Same Store
Miscellaneous income 339 — 0.0 %
Non-Same Store
Miscellaneous income 226 322 ) -29.8 %
Total operating income 565 322 75.5 %
NOI
Same Store 30,260 28,381 6.6 %
Non-Same Store 3,388 917 269.5 %
Total NOI $ 33,648 $ 29,298 14.8 %

All values are in US Dollars.

(1) For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, excludes approximately $136,000 and $700,000, respectively, of casualty-related expenses.
(2) Fees incurred to an unaffiliated third party that is an affiliate of the noncontrolling limited partner of the OP.
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(3) For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, excludes approximately $677,000 and $455,000, respectively, of expenses that are not reflective of the continuing operations of the properties or are incurred on our behalf at the property for expenses such as legal, professional and franchise tax fees.
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(4) For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, excludes approximately $5,000 and $556,000, respectively, of casualty-related recoveries.
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(5) For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, excludes approximately $35,000 and $27,000, respectively, of expenses that are not reflective of the continuing operations of the properties or are incurred on our behalf at the property for expenses such as legal, professional and franchise tax fees.
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See reconciliation of net income (loss) to NOI above under “NOI and Same Store NOI for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.”

Q3 Same Store Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

As of September 30, 2021, our Q3 Same Store properties were approximately 95.4% leased with a weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit of $1,198. As of September 30, 2020, our Q3 Same Store properties were approximately 95.0% leased with a weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit of $1,122. For our Q3 Same Store properties, we recorded the following operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020:

Revenues

Rental income. Rental income was $50.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $48.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $2.7 million, or 5.5%. The majority of the increase is related to a 6.8% increase in the weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit to $1,198 as of September 30, 2021 from $1,122 as of September 30, 2020, and a 0.4% increase in occupancy.

Other income. Other income was $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021, compared to $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Expenses

Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses were $11.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $11.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of $0.6 million, or 5.2%. The majority of the increase is related to a $0.3 million, or 8.2% increase in repair and maintenance costs and a $0.2 million, or 3.5% increase in payroll costs.

Real estate taxes and insurance. Real estate taxes and insurance costs were $7.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $7.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $0.2 million, or 3.0%. The increase is primarily related to a $0.1 million, or 1.9%, increase in property taxes.

Property management fees. Property management fees were $1.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $0.1 million. The increase between the periods was primarily due to an increase in revenues, which the fee is primarily based on.

Property general and administrative expenses. Property general and administrative expenses were $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $0.3 million. The majority of the increase is related to a $0.2 million increase in office operation expenses.

Net Operating Income for Our Same Store and Non-Same Store Properties for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

There are 35 properties encompassing 13,576 units of apartment space in our same store pool for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (our “Same Store” properties). Our Same Store properties exclude the following five properties in our Portfolio as of September 30, 2021: Fairways at San Marcos, The Verandas at Lake Norman, Creekside at Matthews, Six Forks Station and Cutter’s Point as well as the 81 units (see Note 5) that are currently down.

The following table reflects the revenues, property operating expenses and NOI for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 for our Same Store and Non-Same Store properties (dollars in thousands):

For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 Change % Change
Revenues
Same Store
Rental income $ 149,027 $ 143,716 3.7 %
Other income 4,295 4,240 1.3 %
Same Store revenues 153,322 147,956 3.6 %
Non-Same Store
Rental income 7,278 6,229 16.8 %
Other income 143 67 113.4 %
Non-Same Store revenues 7,421 6,296 17.9 %
Total revenues 160,743 154,252 4.2 %
Operating expenses
Same Store
Property operating expenses (1) 33,910 32,542 4.2 %
Real estate taxes and insurance 24,534 22,436 9.4 %
Property management fees (2) 4,419 4,273 3.4 %
Property general and administrative expenses (3) 3,575 3,231 10.6 %
Same Store operating expenses 66,438 62,482 6.3 %
Non-Same Store
Property operating expenses (4) 1,432 1,848 ) -22.5 %
Real estate taxes and insurance 342 1,049 ) -67.4 %
Property management fees (2) 221 231 ) -4.3 %
Property general and administrative expenses (5) 216 193 11.9 %
Non-Same Store operating expenses 2,211 3,321 ) -33.4 %
Total operating expenses 68,649 65,803 4.3 %
Operating income
Same Store
Miscellaneous income 633 — 0.0 %
Non-Same Store
Miscellaneous income 872 1,401 ) -37.8 %
Total operating income 1,505 1,401 7.4 %
NOI
Same Store 87,517 85,474 2.4 %
Non-Same Store 6,082 4,376 39.0 %
Total NOI $ 93,599 $ 89,850 4.2 %

All values are in US Dollars.

(1) For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, excludes approximately $(226,000) and $222,000, respectively, of casualty-related expenses/(recoveries).
(2) Fees incurred to an unaffiliated third party that is an affiliate of the noncontrolling limited partner of the OP.
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(3) For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, excludes approximately $1,562,000 and $1,323,000, respectively, of expenses that are not reflective of the continuing operations of the properties or are incurred on our behalf at the property for expenses such as legal, professional and franchise tax fees.
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(4) For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, excludes approximately $316 and $(21,000), respectively, of casualty-related recoveries.
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(5) For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, excludes approximately $99,000 and $177,000, respectively, of expenses that are not reflective of the continuing operations of the properties or are incurred on our behalf at the property for expenses such as legal, professional and franchise tax fees.
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See reconciliation of net income (loss) to NOI above under “NOI and Same Store NOI for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.”

Same Store Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021 and 2020

As of September 30, 2021, our Same Store properties were approximately 95.4% leased with a weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit of $1,198. As of September 30, 2020, our Same Store properties were approximately 95.0% leased with a weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit of $1,122. For our Same Store properties, we recorded the following operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020:

Revenues

Rental income. Rental income was $149.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $143.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $5.3 million, or 3.7%. The majority of the increase is related to a 6.8% increase in the weighted average monthly effective rent per occupied apartment unit to $1,198 as of September 30, 2021 from $1,122 as of September 30, 2020, and a 0.4% increase in occupancy.

Other income. Other income was $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $4.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $0.1 million, or 1.3%. The majority of the increase is related to a $0.1 million decrease in application and administration concessions.

Expenses

Property operating expenses. Property operating expenses were $33.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $32.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $1.4 million, or 4.2%. The majority of the increase is related to a $1.0 million, or 8.3%, increase in repairs and maintenance and a $0.3 million, or 3.4%, increase in utilities.

Real estate taxes and insurance. Real estate taxes and insurance costs were $24.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $22.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $2.1 million, or 9.4%. The majority of the increase is related to a $1.6 million, or 8.4%, increase in property taxes due to higher assessments of value by taxing authorities and a $0.5 million, or 15.2%, increase in insurance.

Property management fees. Property management fees were $4.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $0.1 million, or 3.4%. The majority of the increase is related to a $5.3 million, or 3.7%, increase in rental income, which the fee is primarily based on.

Property general and administrative expenses. Property general and administrative expenses were $3.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $0.4 million. The majority of the increase is related to a $0.3 million increase in office operation expenses.

FFO, Core FFO and AFFO

We believe that net income, as defined by GAAP, is the most appropriate earnings measure. We also believe that funds from operations (“FFO”), as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), core funds from operations (“Core FFO”) and adjusted funds from operations (“AFFO”) are important non-GAAP supplemental measures of operating performance for a REIT.

Since the historical cost accounting convention used for real estate assets requires depreciation except on land, such accounting presentation implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. However, since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market and other conditions, presentations of operating results for a REIT that use historical cost accounting for depreciation could be less informative. Thus, NAREIT created FFO as a supplemental measure of operating performance for REITs that excludes historical cost depreciation and amortization, among other items, from net income, as defined by GAAP. FFO is defined by NAREIT as net income computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses from real estate dispositions, plus real estate depreciation and amortization. We compute FFO attributable to common stockholders in accordance with NAREIT’s definition. Our presentation differs slightly in that we begin with net income (loss) before adjusting for amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests and we show the combined amounts attributable to such noncontrolling interests as an adjustment to arrive at FFO attributable to common stockholders.

Core FFO makes certain adjustments to FFO, which are either not likely to occur on a regular basis or are otherwise not representative of the ongoing operating performance of our portfolio. Core FFO adjusts FFO to remove items such as losses on extinguishment of debt and modification costs (including prepayment penalties and defeasance costs incurred on the early repayment of debt, the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and fair market value adjustments of assumed debt related to the early repayment of debt, costs incurred in a debt modification that are not capitalized as deferred financing costs and other costs incurred in a debt extinguishment), casualty-related expenses and recoveries and gains or losses, pandemic expenses, the amortization of deferred financing costs incurred in connection with obtaining short-term debt financing, and the noncontrolling interests (as described above) related to these items. We believe Core FFO is useful to investors as a supplemental gauge of our operating performance and is useful in comparing our operating performance with other REITs that are not as involved in the aforementioned activities.

AFFO makes certain adjustments to Core FFO in order to arrive at a more refined measure of the operating performance of our Portfolio. There is no industry standard definition of AFFO and practice is divergent across the industry. AFFO adjusts Core FFO to remove items such as equity-based compensation expense and the amortization of deferred financing costs incurred in connection with obtaining long-term debt financing, and the noncontrolling interests (as described above) related to these items. We believe AFFO is useful to investors as a supplemental gauge of our operating performance and is useful in comparing our operating performance with other REITs that are not as involved in the aforementioned activities.

The effect of the conversion of OP Units held by noncontrolling limited partners is not reflected in the computation of basic and diluted FFO, Core FFO and AFFO per share, as they are exchangeable for common stock on a one-for-one basis. The FFO, Core FFO and AFFO allocable to such units is allocated on this same basis and reflected in the adjustments for noncontrolling interests in the table below. As such, the assumed conversion of these units would have no net impact on the determination of diluted FFO, Core FFO and AFFO per share. See Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.

We believe that the use of FFO, Core FFO and AFFO, combined with the required GAAP presentations, improves the understanding of operating results of REITs among investors and makes comparisons of operating results among such companies more meaningful. While FFO, Core FFO and AFFO are relevant and widely used measures of operating performance of REITs, they do not represent cash flows from operations or net income (loss) as defined by GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative or substitute to those measures in evaluating our liquidity or operating performance. FFO, Core FFO and AFFO do not purport to be indicative of cash available to fund our future cash requirements. Further, our computation of FFO, Core FFO and AFFO may not be comparable to FFO, Core FFO and AFFO reported by other REITs that do not define FFO in accordance with the current NAREIT definition or that interpret the current NAREIT definition or define Core FFO or AFFO differently than we do.

The following table reconciles our calculations of FFO, Core FFO and AFFO to net income (loss), the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands, except per share amounts):

For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020 % Change (1)
Net income (loss) $ (5,407 ) $ 29,641 $ (15,725 ) $ 48,362 N/M
Depreciation and amortization 21,591 17,723 62,335 62,479 -0.2 %
Gain on sales of real estate — (30,160 ) — (69,151 ) N/M
Adjustment for noncontrolling interests (49 ) (52 ) (140 ) (125 ) 12.0 %
FFO attributable to common stockholders 16,135 17,152 46,470 41,565 11.8 %
FFO per share - basic $ 0.64 $ 0.70 $ 1.85 $ 1.68 10.1 %
FFO per share - diluted $ 0.64 $ 0.69 $ 1.85 $ 1.65 12.1 %
Loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs — 596 328 1,470 N/M
Casualty-related expenses/(recoveries) 120 (47 ) (272 ) 726 N/M
Casualty gains — (4,960 ) (2,379 ) (3,932 ) -39.5 %
Pandemic expense (2) 11 191 46 475 N/M
Amortization of deferred financing costs - acquisition term notes 150 345 499 1,039 N/M
Adjustment for noncontrolling interests — 11 6 2 N/M
Core FFO attributable to common stockholders 16,416 13,288 44,698 41,345 8.1 %
Core FFO per share - basic $ 0.65 $ 0.55 $ 1.78 $ 1.67 6.6 %
Core FFO per share - diluted $ 0.65 $ 0.53 $ 1.78 $ 1.64 8.5 %
Amortization of deferred financing costs - long term debt 375 357 1,082 1,102 -1.8 %
Equity-based compensation expense 1,807 1,434 5,211 4,069 28.1 %
Adjustment for noncontrolling interests (7 ) (5 ) (19 ) (15 ) 26.7 %
AFFO attributable to common stockholders 18,591 15,074 50,972 46,501 9.6 %
AFFO per share - basic $ 0.74 $ 0.62 $ 2.03 $ 1.88 8.0 %
AFFO per share - diluted $ 0.74 $ 0.60 $ 2.03 $ 1.85 9.7 %
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic 25,175 24,372 25,128 24,688 1.8 %
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted 25,175 24,926 25,128 25,194 -0.3 %
Dividends declared per common share $ 0.34125 $ 0.3125 $ 1.0238 $ 0.938 9.1 %
FFO Coverage - diluted (3) 1.88x 2.20x 1.81x 1.76x 2.73 %
Core FFO Coverage - diluted (3) 1.91x 1.71x 1.74x 1.75x -0.55 %
AFFO Coverage - diluted (3) 2.16x 1.94x 1.98x 1.97x 0.54 %
(1) Represents the percentage change for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
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(2) Represents additional cleaning, disinfecting and other costs incurred at the properties related to COVID-19.
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(3) Indicates coverage ratio of FFO/Core FFO/AFFO per common share (diluted) over dividends declared per common share during the period.
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The three months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020

FFO was $16.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $17.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was a decrease of approximately $1.1 million. The change in our FFO between the periods primarily relates to a decrease in casualty gains of $5.0 million and increase in property operating expenses of $0.9 million, partially offset by an increase in total revenues of $5.4 million.

Core FFO was $16.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $13.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $3.1 million. The change in our Core FFO between the periods primarily relates to decrease in casualty gains of $5.0 million and increase in total revenues, partially offset by a decrease in FFO.

AFFO was $18.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $15.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $3.5 million. The change in our AFFO between the periods primarily relates to an increase in Core FFO and an increase in equity-based compensation expense of $0.4 million.

The nine months ended September 30, 2021 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2020

FFO was $46.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $41.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $4.9 million. The change in our FFO between the periods primarily relates to an increase in total revenues of $6.5 million.

Core FFO was $44.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $41.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $3.4 million. The change in our Core FFO between the periods primarily relates to an increase in FFO and decrease in casualty gains of $1.6 million, partially offset by a decrease in loss on extinguishment of debt and modification costs of approximately $1.1 million.

AFFO was $51.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 compared to $46.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, which was an increase of approximately $4.5 million. The change in our AFFO between the periods primarily relates to an increase in Core FFO and an increase of equity-based compensation expense of $1.1 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for debt maturities, operating expenses and other expenditures directly associated with our multifamily properties, including:

• capital expenditures to continue our value-add program and to improve the quality and performance of our multifamily properties;
• interest expense and scheduled principal payments on outstanding indebtedness (see “—Obligations and Commitments” below);
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• recurring maintenance necessary to maintain our multifamily properties;
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• distributions necessary to qualify for taxation as a REIT;
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• acquisitions of additional properties;
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• advisory and administrative fees payable to our Adviser;
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• general and administrative expenses;
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• reimbursements to our Adviser; and
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• property management fees payable to BH.
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We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by operations and existing cash balances. As of September 30, 2021, we had approximately $14.5 million of renovation value-add reserves for our planned capital expenditures to implement our value-add program. Renovation value-add reserves are not required to be held in escrow by a third party. We may reallocate these funds, at our discretion, to pursue other investment opportunities or meet our short-term liquidity requirements.

Our long-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for the costs of acquiring additional multifamily properties, renovations and other capital expenditures to improve our multifamily properties and scheduled debt payments and distributions. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements through various sources of capital, which may include a revolving credit facility and future debt or equity issuances, existing working capital, net cash provided by operations, long-term mortgage indebtedness and other secured and unsecured borrowings, and property dispositions. However, there are a number of factors that may have a material adverse effect on our ability to access these capital sources, including the state of overall equity and credit markets, our degree of leverage, our unencumbered asset base and borrowing restrictions imposed by lenders (including as a

result of any failure to comply with financial covenants in our existing and future indebtedness), general market conditions for REITs, our operating performance and liquidity, market perceptions about us and restrictions on sales of properties under the Code. The Company continues to monitor the impact on COVID-19 and its impact on future rent collections, valuation of real estate investments, impact on cash flow and ability to refinance or repay debt. The success of our business strategy will depend, in part, on our ability to access these various capital sources.

In addition to our value-add program, our multifamily properties will require periodic capital expenditures and renovation to remain competitive. Also, acquisitions, redevelopments, or expansions of our multifamily properties will require significant capital outlays. Long-term, we may not be able to fund such capital improvements solely from net cash provided by operations because we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deductions for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, and we are subject to tax on any retained income and gains. As a result, our ability to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions, or redevelopment through retained earnings long-term is limited. Consequently, we expect to rely heavily upon the availability of debt or equity capital for these purposes. If we are unable to obtain the necessary capital on favorable terms, or at all, our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

On February 20, 2019, the Company, the OP and the Adviser entered into separate equity distribution agreements with each of Jefferies, Raymond James and Truist (collectively, the “2019 ATM Sales Agents”), pursuant to which the Company could issue and sell from time to time shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having an aggregate sales price of up to $100,000,000 (the “2019 ATM Program”).  Sales of shares of common stock, if any, could be made in transactions that were deemed to be “at the market” offerings, as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, to or through a market maker at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices based on prevailing market prices.  In addition to the issuance and sale of shares of common stock, the Company could enter into forward sale agreements with each of Jefferies and Raymond James, or their respective affiliates, through the 2019 ATM Program. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company issued 560,000 shares of common stock at an average price of $50.00 per share for gross proceeds of $28.0 million under the 2019 ATM Program. The Company paid approximately $0.4 million in fees to the 2019 ATM Sales Agents with respect to such sales and incurred other issuance costs of approximately $0.4 million, both of which were netted against the gross proceeds and recorded in additional paid in capital. On February 27, 2020, the 2019 ATM Program reached aggregate sales of $100,000,000 and therefore expired.

On March 4, 2020, the Company, the OP and the Adviser entered into separate equity distribution agreements with each of Jefferies, Raymond James, KeyBanc and Truist pursuant to which the Company may issue and sell from time to time shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, having an aggregate sales price of up to $225,000,000.  Sales of shares of common stock, if any, may be made in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings, as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made by means of ordinary brokers’ transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, to or through a market maker at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices based on prevailing market prices.  In addition to the issuance and sale of shares of common stock, the Company may enter into forward sale agreements with each of Jefferies, KeyBanc and Raymond James, or their respective affiliates, through the 2020 ATM Program. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued 718,306 shares of common stock at an average price of $43.92 per share for gross proceeds of $31.5 million under the 2020 ATM Program. The Company paid approximately $0.5 million in fees to the 2020 ATM Sales Agents with respect to such sales and incurred other issuance costs of approximately $0.6 million, both of which were netted against the gross proceeds and recorded in additional paid in capital. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company issued 101,587 shares of common stock at an average price of $66.36 per share for gross proceeds of $6.7 million under the 2020 ATM Program. The 2020 ATM Program may be terminated by the Company at any time and expires automatically once aggregate sales under the 2020 ATM Program reach $225,000,000 (see Note 8 to our consolidated financial statements).

We believe that our available cash, expected operating cash flows, and potential debt or equity financings will provide sufficient funds for our operations, anticipated scheduled debt service payments and dividend requirements for the twelve-month period following September 30, 2021.

Cash Flows

The following table presents selected data from our consolidated statements of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
2021 2020
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 57,914 $ 46,524
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (222,955 ) 99,399
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 175,310 (108,489 )
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash 10,269 37,434
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period 57,015 71,182
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period $ 67,284 $ 108,616

Cash flows from operating activities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net cash provided by operating activities was $57.9 million compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $46.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The change in cash flows from operating activities was mainly due to an increase in total revenues and a decrease in property operating expenses.

Cash flows from investing activities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net cash used in investing activities was $223.0 million compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $99.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The change in cash flows from investing activities was mainly due to our acquisition activity in 2021 and disposition activity in 2020, partially offset by an increase in insurance proceeds received from casualty losses of $6.8 million.

Cash flows from financing activities. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, net cash provided by financing activities was $175.3 million compared to net cash used in financing activities of $108.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The change in cash flows from financing activities was mainly due to a net increase in debt of approximately $274.1 million, a decrease in common stock repurchases of approximately $44.5 million, partially offset by a decrease in proceeds from the issuance of common stock of approximately $30.7 million (net of Sales Agents fees and other legal fees) between the periods.

Debt, Derivatives and Hedging Activity

Mortgage Debt

As of September 30, 2021, our subsidiaries had aggregate mortgage debt outstanding to third parties of approximately $1.3 billion at a weighted average interest rate of 1.77% and an adjusted weighted average interest rate of 2.93%. For purposes of calculating the adjusted weighted average interest rate of our mortgage debt outstanding, we have included the weighted average fixed rate of 1.3461% for one-month LIBOR on our combined $1.2 billion notional amount of interest rate swap agreements, which effectively fix the interest rate on $1.2 billion of our floating rate mortgage debt. See Notes 6 and 7 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.

We have entered into and expect to continue to enter into interest rate swap and cap agreements with various third parties to fix or cap the floating interest rates on a majority of our floating rate mortgage debt outstanding. The interest rate swap agreements generally have a term of four to five years and effectively establish a fixed interest rate on debt on the underlying notional amounts. The interest rate swap agreements involve the receipt of variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for us making fixed-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. As of September 30, 2021, interest rate swap agreements effectively covered 97% of our $1.2 billion of floating rate mortgage debt outstanding.

The interest rate cap agreements generally have a term of three to four years, cover the outstanding principal amount of the underlying debt and are generally required by our lenders. Under the interest rate cap agreements, we pay a fixed fee in exchange for the counterparty to pay any interest above a maximum rate. As of September 30, 2021, interest rate cap agreements covered $412.2 million of our $1.2 billion of floating rate mortgage debt outstanding. These interest rate cap agreements effectively cap one-month LIBOR on $412.2 million of our floating rate mortgage debt at a weighted average rate of 5.02%.

We intend to invest in additional multifamily properties as suitable opportunities arise and adequate sources of equity and debt financing are available. We expect that future investments in properties, including any improvements or renovations of current or newly acquired properties, will depend on and will be financed by, in whole or in part, our existing cash, future borrowings and the proceeds from additional issuances of common stock or other securities or property dispositions.

Although we expect to be subject to restrictions on our ability to incur indebtedness, we expect that we will be able to refinance existing indebtedness or incur additional indebtedness for acquisitions or other purposes, if needed. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance our indebtedness, incur additional indebtedness or access additional sources of capital, such as by issuing common stock or other debt or equity securities, on terms that are acceptable to us or at all.

Furthermore, following the completion of our value-add and capital expenditures programs and depending on the interest rate environment at the applicable time, we may seek to refinance our floating rate debt into longer-term fixed rate debt at lower leverage levels.

Corporate Credit Facility

On June 30, 2021, the Company, through the OP, entered into a secured $250.0 million credit facility with Truist Bank (“Truist”), as administrative agent, and the lenders from time to time party thereto (the “Corporate Credit Facility”). $225 million of the Corporate Credit Facility was a revolving credit facility and $25 million of the Corporate Credit Facility was a term loan. In addition, on June 30, 2021, in connection with entering into the Corporate Credit Facility, the Company, through the OP, terminated its $225.0 million revolving credit facility with Truist, as administrative agent, and the lenders from time to time party thereto, prior to the maturity date of January 28, 2022. Subject to conditions provided in the Corporate Credit Facility, the Corporate Credit Facility may be increased up to an additional $100.0 million (the “Accordion Feature”) if the lenders agree to increase their commitments or if the lenders agree for the increase to be funded by any additional lender proposed by the Company, through the OP. The Corporate Credit Facility will mature on June 30, 2024 with respect to the revolving commitments, unless the Company exercises its option to voluntarily and permanently reduce all of the revolving commitments before the maturity date or elects to exercise its right and option to extend the facility with respect to the revolving commitments for a single one-year term and on December 31, 2021 with respect to the term loan. On September 9, 2021, the Company, through the OP, modified the Corporate Credit Facility to provide for an additional $35.0 million term loan with a maturity date of December 31, 2021, increasing the Corporate Credit Facility from $250 million to $285 million. In conjunction with the increase in the facility, the Company incurred costs of $0.3 million in obtaining the additional financing through the modification (see “Deferred Financing Costs” below). On September 30, 2021, the Company made a $10.0 million principal payment on the term loans resulting in $275.0 million in aggregate principal outstanding as of September 30, 2021 on the Corporate Credit Facility, with $50.0 million of the term loans maturing on December 31, 2021. The Company intends on using the net cash proceeds from the dispositions of its held-for-sale properties, Beechwood Terrace and Cedar Pointe, to repay the remaining $50.0 million term loans that mature on December 31, 2021 (see Note 12).

Advances under the Corporate Credit Facility accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to, at the Company’s election, either LIBOR plus a margin of 1.90% to 2.40%, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio, or a base rate determined according to the highest of (a) the prime rate, (b) the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, (c) LIBOR plus 1.0% or (d) 0.0% plus a margin of 0.90% to 1.40%, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio. An unused commitment fee at a rate of 0.15% or 0.25%, depending on the outstanding aggregate revolving commitments, applies to unutilized borrowing capacity under the Corporate Credit Facility. Amounts owing under the Corporate Credit Facility may be prepaid at any time without premium or penalty. The Corporate Credit Facility is guaranteed by the Company and the obligations under the Corporate Credit Facility are, subject to some exceptions, secured by a continuing security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Company. The Company is in compliance with all the covenants in its Corporate Credit Facility.

Interest Rate Swap Agreements

In order to fix a portion of, and mitigate the risk associated with, our floating rate indebtedness (without incurring substantial prepayment penalties or defeasance costs typically associated with fixed rate indebtedness when repaid early or refinanced), we, through the OP, have entered into nine interest rate swap transactions with KeyBank and two with Truist (collectively the “Counterparties”) with a combined notional amount of $1.2 billion which are effective as of September 30, 2021. As of September 30, 2021, the interest rate swaps we have entered into effectively replace the floating interest rate (one-month LIBOR) with respect to $1.2 billion of our floating rate mortgage debt outstanding with a weighted average fixed rate of 1.3461%. During the term of these interest rate swap agreements, we are required to make monthly fixed rate payments of 1.3461%, on a weighted average basis, on the notional amounts, while the Counterparties are obligated to make monthly floating rate payments based on one-month LIBOR to us referencing the same notional amounts. For purposes of hedge accounting under FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, we have designated these interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk. See Notes 6 and 7 to our consolidated financial statements for additional information.

The following table contains summary information regarding our outstanding interest rate swaps (dollars in thousands):

Effective Date Termination Date Counterparty Notional Amount Fixed Rate (1)
April 1, 2017 April 1, 2022 KeyBank $ 100,000 1.9570 %
May 1, 2017 April 1, 2022 KeyBank 50,000 1.9610 %
July 1, 2017 July 1, 2022 KeyBank 100,000 1.7820 %
June 1, 2019 June 1, 2024 KeyBank 50,000 2.0020 %
June 1, 2019 June 1, 2024 Truist 50,000 2.0020 %
September 1, 2019 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 100,000 1.4620 %
September 1, 2019 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 125,000 1.3020 %
January 3, 2020 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 92,500 1.6090 %
March 4, 2020 June 1, 2026 Truist 100,000 0.8200 %
June 1, 2021 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 200,000 0.8450 %
June 1, 2021 September 1, 2026 KeyBank 200,000 0.9530 %
$ 1,167,500 1.3461 % (2)
(1) The floating rate option for the interest rate swaps is one-month LIBOR. As of September 30, 2021, one-month LIBOR was 0.08025%.
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(2) Represents the weighted average fixed rate of the interest rate swaps.
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As of September 30, 2021, the Company had the following outstanding interest rate swaps that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk with future effective dates (dollars in thousands):

Effective Date Termination Date Counterparty Notional Amount Fixed Rate (1)
March 1, 2022 March 1, 2025 Truist $ 145,000 0.5730 %
March 1, 2022 March 1, 2025 Truist 105,000 0.6140 %
September 1, 2026 January 1, 2027 KeyBank 92,500 1.7980 %
$ 342,500 0.9164 % (2)
(1) The floating rate option for the interest rate swaps is one-month LIBOR. As of September 30, 2021, one-month LIBOR was 0.08025%.
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(2) Represents the weighted average fixed rate of the forward interest rate swaps.
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Obligations and Commitments

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations and commitments as of September 30, 2021 for the next five calendar years subsequent to September 30, 2021. We used one-month LIBOR as of September 30, 2021 to calculate interest expense due by period on our floating rate debt and net interest expense due by period on our interest rate swaps.

Payments Due by Period (in thousands)
Total 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Thereafter
Operating Properties Mortgage Debt
Principal payments $ 1,234,836 $ 315 $ 1,508 $ 21,252 $ 395,098 $ 205,227 $ 611,436
Interest expense (1) 127,194 5,660 23,301 27,500 26,943 21,535 22,255
Total $ 1,362,030 $ 5,975 $ 24,809 $ 48,752 $ 422,041 $ 226,762 $ 633,691
Held For Sale Property Mortgage Debt
Principal payments $ 40,665 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 40,665 $ —
Interest expense 3,502 155 652 852 1,060 783 —
Total $ 44,167 $ 155 $ 652 $ 852 $ 1,060 $ 41,448 $ —
Credit Facility
Principal payments $ 275,000 $ 50,000 $ — $ — $ 225,000 $ — $ —
Interest expense 18,548 1,753 5,891 6,994 3,910 — —
Total $ 293,548 $ 51,753 $ 5,891 $ 6,994 $ 228,910 $ — $ —
Total contractual obligations and commitments $ 1,699,745 $ 57,883 $ 31,352 $ 56,598 $ 652,011 $ 268,210 $ 633,691
(1) Interest expense obligations includes the impact of expected settlements on interest rate swaps which have been entered into in order to fix the interest rate on the hedged portion of our floating rate debt obligations. As of September 30, 2021, we had entered into eleven interest rate swap transactions with a combined notional amount of $1.2 billion. We have allocated the total
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impact of expected settlements on the $1.2 billion notional amount of interest rate swaps to ‘Operating Properties Mortgage Debt.’ We used one-month LIBOR as of September 30, 2021 to determine our expected settlements through the terms of the interest rate swaps.
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NLMF Holdco, LLC

The Company’s agreement with NLMF Holdco, LLC may result in additional funding requirements to cover future project costs. The maximum exposure of potential commitments is expected to be no more than $4.0 million. As of September 30, 2021, the Company has funded approximately $0.2 million to NLMF Holdco, LLC which is included in prepaid and other assets on the consolidated balance sheet of the Company.

Capital Expenditures and Value-Add Program

We anticipate incurring average annual repairs and maintenance expense of $575 to $725 per apartment unit in connection with the ongoing operations of our business. These expenditures are expensed as incurred. In addition, we reserve, on average, approximately $250 to $350 per apartment unit for non-recurring capital expenditures and/or lender required replacement reserves. When incurred, these expenditures are either capitalized or expensed, in accordance with GAAP, depending on the type of the expenditure. Although we will continuously monitor the adequacy of this average, we believe these figures to be sufficient to maintain the properties at a high level in the markets in which we operate. A majority of the properties in our Portfolio were underwritten and acquired with the premise that we would invest $4,000 to $10,000 per unit in the first 36 months of ownership, in an effort to add value to the asset’s exterior and interiors. In many cases, we reserve cash at the closing of each acquisition to fund these planned capital expenditures and value-add improvements. As of September 30, 2021, we had approximately $14.5 million of renovation value-add reserves for our planned capital expenditures and other expenses to implement our value-add program, which will complete approximately 1,751 planned interior rehabs. The following table sets forth a summary of our capital expenditures related to our value-add program for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):

For the Three Months Ended September 30, For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Rehab Expenditures 2021 2020 2021 2020
Interior (1) $ 2,739 $ 2,310 $ 8,098 $ 7,433
Exterior and common area 1,498 4,474 6,779 15,432
Total rehab expenditures $ 4,237 $ 6,784 $ 14,877 $ 22,865
(1) Includes total capital expenditures during the period on completed and in-progress interior rehabs. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, we completed full and partial interior rehabs on 911 and 1,368 units, respectively.
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Freddie Mac Multifamily Green Advantage Program

In order to obtain more favorable pricing on our mortgage debt financing with Freddie Mac, the Company decided to participate in Freddie Mac’s Multifamily Green Advantage program (the “Green Program”). As of September 30, 2021, the Company has completed its Green Program improvements on all but one property, which is expected to be completed in 2021. We expect to reduce water/sewer costs at each property where the Green Program is implemented by at least 15% through the replacement of showerheads, plumbing fixtures and toilets with modern energy efficient upgrades. Due to changes in Freddie Mac’s requirements to participate in the Green Program, we are not implementing this on acquisitions going forward.

Income Taxes

We anticipate that we will continue to qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and we intend to continue to be organized and to operate in a manner that will permit us to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to stockholders. As a REIT, we will be subject to federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income, (2) 95% of our capital gain net income and (3) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. Taxable income from certain non-REIT activities is managed through a TRS and is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income and margin taxes. We had no significant taxes associated with our TRS for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates, and dividends paid to our stockholders would not be deductible by us in computing taxable income. Any resulting corporate liability could be substantial and could materially and adversely affect our net income (loss) and net cash available for distribution to stockholders. Unless we were entitled to relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify to be taxed as a REIT.

We evaluate the accounting and disclosure of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing our tax returns to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” (greater than 50 percent probability) of being sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet the more-likely-than-not threshold would be recorded as a tax benefit or expense in the current year. Our management is required to analyze all open tax years, as defined by the statute of limitations, for all major jurisdictions, which include federal and certain states. We have no examinations in progress and none are expected at this time.

We recognize our tax positions and evaluate them using a two-step process. First, we determine whether a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. Second, we will determine the amount of benefit to recognize and record the amount that is more likely than not to be realized upon ultimate settlement.

We had no material unrecognized tax benefit or expense, accrued interest or penalties as of September 30, 2021. We and our subsidiaries are subject to federal income tax as well as income tax of various state and local jurisdictions. The 2020, 2019 and 2018 tax years remain open to examination by tax jurisdictions to which our subsidiaries and we are subject. When applicable, we recognize interest and/or penalties related to uncertain tax positions on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss).

Dividends

We intend to make regular quarterly dividend payments to holders of our common stock. U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains. As a REIT, we will be subject to federal income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income, (2) 95% of our capital gain net income and (3) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. We intend to make regular quarterly dividend payments of all or substantially all of our taxable income to holders of our common stock out of assets legally available for this purpose, if and to the extent authorized by our Board. Before we make any dividend payments, whether for U.S. federal income tax purposes or otherwise, we must first meet both our operating requirements and debt service on our debt payable. If our cash available for distribution is less than our taxable income, we could be required to sell assets, borrow funds or raise additional capital to make cash dividends or we may make a portion of the required dividend in the form of a taxable distribution of stock or debt securities.

We will make dividend payments based on our estimate of taxable earnings per share of common stock, but not earnings calculated pursuant to GAAP. Our dividends and taxable income and GAAP earnings will typically differ due to items such as depreciation and amortization, fair value adjustments, differences in premium amortization and discount accretion, and non-deductible general and administrative expenses. Our quarterly dividends per share may be substantially different than our quarterly taxable earnings and GAAP earnings per share. Our Board declared our third quarterly dividend of 2021 of $0.34125 per share on July 26, 2021 which was paid on September 30, 2021 and funded out of cash flows from operations.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires our management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We evaluate these judgments, assumptions and estimates for changes that would affect the reported amounts. These estimates are based on management’s historical industry experience and on various other judgments and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from

these judgments, assumptions and estimates. Below is a discussion of the accounting policies that we consider critical to understanding our financial condition or results of operations where there is uncertainty or where significant judgment is required. A discussion of recent accounting pronouncements and our significant accounting policies, including further discussion of the accounting policies described below, can be found in Note 2 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our consolidated financial statements included in this quarterly report.

Purchase Price Allocation

Upon acquisition of a property considered to be an asset acquisition, the purchase price and related acquisition costs (“total consideration”) are allocated to land, buildings, improvements, furniture, fixtures, and equipment, and intangible lease assets based on relative fair value in accordance with FASB ASC 805, Business Combinations. Acquisition costs are capitalized in accordance with FASB ASC 805.

The allocation of total consideration, which is determined using inputs that are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy established by FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures (see Note 7 to our consolidated financial statements), is based on management’s estimate of the property’s “as-if” vacant fair value and is calculated by using all available information such as the replacement cost of such asset, appraisals, property condition reports, market data and other related information. If any debt is assumed in an acquisition, the difference between the fair value, which is estimated using inputs that are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, and the face value of debt is recorded as a premium or discount and amortized as interest expense over the life of the debt assumed.

Impairment

Real estate assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The key inputs into our impairment analysis include, but are not limited to, the holding period, net operating income, and capitalization rates. In such cases, we will evaluate the recoverability of such real estate assets based on estimated future cash flows and the estimated liquidation value of such real estate assets, and provide for impairment if such undiscounted cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying amount of the real estate asset. If impaired, the real estate asset will be written down to its estimated fair value. The Company’s impairment analysis identifies and evaluates events or changes in circumstances that indicate the carrying amount of a real estate investment may not be recoverable, including determining the period the Company will hold the rental property, net operating income, and the estimated capitalization rate for each respective real estate investment.

Inflation

The real estate market has not been affected significantly by inflation in the past several years due to a relatively low inflation rate. The majority of our lease terms are for a period of one year or less and reset to market if renewed. The majority of our leases also contain protection provisions applicable to reimbursement billings for utilities. Should inflation return, due to the short-term nature of our leases, we do not believe our results will be materially affected.

REIT Tax Election

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code and expect to continue to qualify as a REIT. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our “REIT taxable income,” as defined by the Code, to our stockholders. Taxable income from certain non-REIT activities is managed through a TRS and is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income and margin taxes. We had no significant taxes associated with our TRS for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. We believe we qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code, and we intend to continue to operate in such a manner, but no assurance can be given that we will operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk is the adverse effect on the value of assets and liabilities that results from a change in market conditions. Our primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk with respect to our indebtedness and counterparty credit risk with respect to our interest rate derivatives. In order to minimize counterparty credit risk, we enter into and expect to enter into hedging arrangements only with major financial institutions that have high credit ratings. As of September 30, 2021, we had total indebtedness of $1.6 billion at a weighted average interest rate of 1.82%, of which $1.5 billion was debt with a floating interest rate. The interest rate swap agreements we have entered into effectively fix the interest rate on 97% of our $1.2 billion of floating rate mortgage debt outstanding (see below). As of September 30, 2021, the adjusted weighted average interest rate of our total indebtedness was 2.82%. For purposes of calculating the adjusted weighted average interest rate of the total indebtedness, we have included the weighted average fixed rate of 1.3461% for one-month LIBOR on the $1.2 billion notional amount of interest rate swap agreements that we have entered into as of September 30, 2021.

An increase in interest rates could make the financing of any acquisition by us costlier. Rising interest rates could also limit our ability to refinance our debt when it matures or cause us to pay higher interest rates upon refinancing and increase interest expense on refinanced indebtedness. We may manage, or hedge, interest rate risks related to our borrowings by means of interest rate cap and interest rate swap agreements. As of September 30, 2021, the interest rate cap agreements we have entered into effectively cap one-month LIBOR on $412.2 million of our floating rate mortgage debt at a weighted average rate of 5.02% for the term of the agreements, which is generally 3 to 4 years. We also expect to manage our exposure to interest rate risk by maintaining a mix of fixed and floating rates for our indebtedness.

In order to fix a portion of, and mitigate the risk associated with, our floating rate indebtedness (without incurring substantial prepayment penalties or defeasance costs typically associated with fixed rate indebtedness when repaid early or refinanced), we, through the OP, have entered into thirteen interest rate swap transactions with the Counterparties with a combined notional amount of $1.2 billion. The interest rate swaps we have entered into effectively replace the floating interest rate (one-month LIBOR) with respect to that amount with a weighted average fixed rate of 1.3461%. During the term of these interest rate swap agreements, we are required to make monthly fixed rate payments of 1.3461%, on a weighted average basis, on the notional amounts, while the Counterparties are obligated to make monthly floating rate payments based on one-month LIBOR to us referencing the same notional amounts. We have designated these interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk.

Until our interest rates reach the caps provided by our interest rate cap agreements, each quarter point change in LIBOR would result in an approximate increase to annual interest expense costs on our floating rate indebtedness, reduced by any payments due from the Counterparties under the terms of the interest rate swap agreements we had entered into as of September 30, 2021, of the amounts illustrated in the table below for our indebtedness as of September 30, 2021 (dollars in thousands):

Change in Interest Rates Annual Increase to Interest Expense
0.25% $ 780
0.50% 1,560
0.75% 2,340
1.00% 3,120

There is no assurance that we would realize such expense as such changes in interest rates could alter our liability positions or strategies in response to such changes.

We may also be exposed to credit risk in the derivative financial instruments we use. Credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative financial instruments. If the fair value of a derivative financial instrument is positive, the counterparty will owe us, which creates credit risk for us. If the fair value of a derivative financial instrument is negative, we will owe the counterparty and, therefore, do not have credit risk. We seek to minimize the credit risk in derivative financial instruments by entering into transactions with major financial institutions that have high credit ratings.

In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority of the U.K. (the “FCA”) (the authority that regulates LIBOR) announced it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. The Alternative Reference Rates (“ARRC”) has proposed that the SOFR is the rate that represents best practice as the alternative to USD-LIBOR for use in derivatives and other financial contracts that are currently indexed to USD-LIBOR. ARRC has proposed a paced market transition plan to SOFR from USD-LIBOR and organizations are currently working on industry wide and company specific transition plans as it relates to derivatives and cash markets exposed to USD-LIBOR. Although SOFR appears to be the preferred replacement rate for U.S. dollar LIBOR, at this time, it is not possible to predict the effect of any such changes, any establishment of alternative reference rates, whether the COVID-19 outbreak will have further effect on LIBOR transition timelines or plans, or other reforms to LIBOR that may be enacted in the United States, United Kingdom or elsewhere. Furthermore, on November 30, 2020, the ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, with the support of the FCA and the U.S. Federal Reserve, announced plans to consult on ceasing publication of LIBOR on December 31, 2021 for only the one-week and two-month LIBOR tenors, and on June 30, 2023 for all other LIBOR tenors. While this announcement extends the transition period to June 2023, the U.S. Federal Reserve concurrently issued a statement advising banks to stop new LIBOR issuances by the end of 2021. On March 5, 2021, the FCA confirmed that all LIBOR settings will either cease to be provided by any administrator or no longer be representative: (a) immediately after December 31, 2021, in the case of the one-week and two-month U.S. dollar settings; and (b) immediately after June 30, 2023, in the case of the remaining U.S. dollar settings. We have material contracts that are indexed to USD-LIBOR and are monitoring this activity and evaluating the related risks.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As required by Rule 13a-15(b) and Rule 15d-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management, including our President and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated, as of September 30, 2021, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e). Based on that evaluation, our President and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2021, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the Exchange Act and is accumulated and communicated to management, including the President and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

We believe, however, that a controls system, no matter how well designed and operated, cannot provide absolute assurance that the objectives of the controls systems are met, and no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud or error, if any, within a company have been detected.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2021 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are party to legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Management is not aware of any legal proceedings of which the outcome is reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition, nor are we aware of any such legal proceedings contemplated by government agencies.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed under Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report, filed with the SEC on February 22, 2021.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Repurchase of Shares

On June 15, 2016, we announced that our Board authorized us to repurchase an indeterminate number of shares of our common stock at an aggregate market value of up to $30.0 million during a two-year period that was set to expire on June 15, 2018 (the “Share Repurchase Program”).  On April 30, 2018, our Board increased the Share Repurchase Program from $30.0 million to up to $40.0 million and extended it by an additional two years to June 15, 2020. On March 13, 2020, the Board increased the Share Repurchase Program from $40.0 million to up to $100.0 million and extended it to March 12, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company repurchased no shares of its common stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the Company repurchased 1,644,697 shares of its common stock. Since the inception of the Share Repurchase Program through September 30, 2021, the Company had repurchased 2,382,155 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share, at a total cost of approximately $61.2 million, or $25.70 per share as shown in the table below:

Period Total Number<br><br><br>of Shares Purchased Average Price<br><br><br>Paid Per Share Total Number of Shares<br><br><br>Purchased as Part of<br><br><br>Publicly Announced<br><br><br>Plans or Programs Approximate Dollar Value<br><br><br>of Shares that may yet be<br><br><br>Purchased under the<br><br><br>Plans or Programs (in<br><br><br>millions)
Beginning Total 2,382,155 $ 25.70 2,382,155 $ 38.8
July 1 – July 31 — — — 38.8
August 1 – August 31 — — — 38.8
September 1 – September 30 — — — 38.8
Total as of September 30, 2021 2,382,155 $ 25.70 2,382,155 $ 38.8

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit<br><br><br>Number Description
10.1 Form of Easement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021 filed with the SEC on July 30, 2021)
10.2 Form of Onboarding Agreement** (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2021 filed with the SEC on July 30, 2021)
10.3* September 2021 Modification of Loan Documents, dated September 9, 2021, by and among NexPoint Residential Trust Operating Partnership, L.P., NexPoint Residential Trust, Inc., Truist Bank and the pledgors and lenders party to thereto
31.1* Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2* Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1^+^ Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS* Inline XBRL Instance Document (The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document)
101.SCH* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE* Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104* Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
* Filed herewith.
--- ---
+ Furnished herewith.
--- ---
** Portions of the exhibit have been redacted
--- ---

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC.

Signature Title Date
/s/ Jim Dondero President and Director November 3, 2021
Jim Dondero (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Brian Mitts Chief Financial Officer and Director November 3, 2021
Brian Mitts (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

56

nxrt-ex103_53.htm

Exhibit 10.3

SEPTEMBER 2021 MODIFICATION OF LOAN DOCUMENTS

THIS SEPTEMBER 2021 MODIFICATION OF LOAN DOCUMENTS (this “Agreement” or “Modification”) is made effective as of September 9, 2021 (the “Effective Date”), by and among NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the "Borrower"), NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC., a Maryland corporation (the "Guarantor"), each of the undersigned in their capacities as “Pledgors” under any one or more of the Pledge Agreement, the Economic Interest Pledge Agreement, and the Equity Proceeds Pledge Agreement (each, as defined in the Credit Agreement referenced below), TRUIST BANK, a North Carolina banking corporation, as administrative agent (in such capacity, and together with any successor Administrative Agent under the Credit Agreement (as hereinafter defined), the “Administrative Agent”), and the Lenders party to the Credit Agreement as of the date hereof (provided, that such Lenders shall include KeyBank National Association in its capacity as the sole Second Supplemental Lender being added to the Credit Agreement pursuant to the terms hereof).

RECITALS:

A.Reference is hereby made to that certain Amended and Restated Revolving Credit Agreement dated as of June 30, 2021 by and among Borrower, Administrative Agent, and the Lenders party thereto (as the same may have been amended, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified prior to the date hereof and as modified hereby, the “Credit Agreement”) pursuant to which the Lenders have previously extended financing to the Borrower in the form of the Revolving Loans and Supplemental Loans referenced therein. Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth in the Credit Agreement.

B.Guarantor has guaranteed the obligations of Borrower under and in connection with the Credit Agreement pursuant to the terms of that certain Amended and Restated Guaranty Agreement dated as of June 30, 2021 (as the same may have been amended, restated, supplemented, or otherwise modified prior to the date hereof and as modified hereby, the “Guaranty”).

C.The Borrower’s obligations under the Credit Agreement have been further secured by the Pledge Agreement, the Economic Interest Pledge Agreement, and the Equity Proceeds Pledge Agreement, each as referenced in the Credit Agreement, and executed and delivered by the respective Pledgors.

D.Borrower, Guarantor, Pledgors, Administrative Agent, and the Lenders wish to modify certain terms and provisions of the Loan Documents as set forth or required herein for the purposes of, among other things, providing for an additional tranche of term loan indebtedness under the Credit Agreement to be funded as of the date hereof in an amount equal to $35,000,000.00 and subject to the terms and conditions referenced herein. The Administrative Agent and Lenders are willing to agree to such modifications subject to the satisfaction

A-1

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of certain conditions precedent as set forth herein and subject to Borrower, Guarantor, and Pledgors making the representations and assurances hereinafter set forth.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the recitals, the mutual representations and covenants contained in this Modification and other good consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, Borrower, Guarantor (as applicable), Pledgors (as applicable), Administrative Agent, and the Lenders do hereby agree as follows:

1.Recitals; Terms.  The Recitals set forth above are true and correct and are made a part hereof.  Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth in the Credit Agreement.

2.Credit Agreement.  The Credit Agreement is hereby modified to reflect the revisions thereto reflected in the redlined iteration thereof attached hereto as Exhibit A, such that the Credit Agreement, as modified hereby, shall be as set forth on Exhibit B attached hereto.

3.Loan Documents Generally.  Each of the Loan Documents is hereby further amended in the following respects (to the extent the amendments set forth above have not already addressed such matters):

(a)Each reference contained in the Loan Documents to such Loan Document or any other Loan Document (as applicable), is hereby deemed to be a reference to each such document as amended and modified by this Modification (as applicable).

(b)This Modification shall be deemed to be included as a “Loan Document” in any and all references to the “Loan Documents” contained in any of the Loan Documents existing as of the date hereof or which are executed following the date hereof.

4.Conditions Precedent.  The effectiveness of the proposed modification of the Loan Documents set forth herein is conditioned upon the Administrative Agent’s receipt of the following documents, materials, confirmations and/or payments, each of which shall be in a form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent:

(a)two (2) duly executed original counterparts from Borrower, Guarantor, each Pledgor, each Lender, and Administrative Agent of this Modification (together with all required acknowledgements by such parties);

A-2

~~118937561v2~~

(b)payment by Borrower of (i) a work fee to Administrative Agent for the account of each Lender in an amount equal to 5 basis points multiplied by the total Commitment of each respective Lender; (ii) all outstanding fees and expenses of the Administrative Agent and the Administrative Agent’s counsel incurred in connection with the preparation, review, execution and delivery of this Modification, the documents executed in connection herewith, all other amendments, restatements, supplements or negotiations related to the Loan Documents or the Loans; (iii) all other fees, expenses or other amounts payable by Borrower related to the Credit Agreement and/or the Loan Documents which are due and payable on the date hereof pursuant to the terms of any Loan Document; and (iv) fees/costs related to Second Supplemental Commitment;

(c)a certificate of “no change” from each of the Borrower and Guarantor certifying that such entity’s: (i) certificate of existence/good standing; and (ii) organizational documents have not been amended since the date of the closing of the Credit Agreement;

(d)a current Certificate of Existence/Good Standing for each of the Borrower and the Guarantor issued by the jurisdiction in which such entity is organized and, with respect to the Borrower, a certified copy of a currently-effective authorization to transact business in each applicable state in which such authorization is required for the ownership and operation of the properties secured by the Security Instrument;

(e)resolutions from each of the Borrower, the Guarantor, and each Pledgor authorizing and approving the modification of the Loan Documents and the other matters set forth herein;

(f)a legal opinion from counsel to the Borrower, Guarantor, and each Pledgor opining to the due authorization, execution, and effectiveness of this Modification; and

(g)such other and further items, information or materials as the Administrative Agent shall reasonably require.

5.Representations, Warranties and Acknowledgments of Borrower.  As an inducement to the Administrative Agent and Lenders to enter into this Agreement, Borrower represents, warrants, covenants and acknowledges as follows (it being acknowledged by all parties that each such representation, warranty, covenant and acknowledgment relates to material matters upon which Administrative Agent and Lenders have relied):

A-3

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(a)Title to all collateral (including all real and personal property) in which Administrative Agent was given a lien or security interest pursuant to the Loan Documents is vested in Borrower or the applicable Pledgor subject only to those matters specifically approved in writing by Administrative Agent or expressly permitted in the applicable Loan Document(s).  No additional lien interests have been granted by Borrower or any Pledgor for any such collateral since the execution of the original Loan Documents.

(b)There are no defenses, offsets or counterclaims or other claims, legal or equitable, available to Borrower, the Guarantor, any Pledgor, or any other person or entity with respect to this Modification, the Loan Documents, or any other instrument, document and/or agreement described herein or therein, as modified and amended hereby, or with respect to the obligation of the Borrower to repay the Loans or other Obligations, as the case may be.

(c)Each of Borrower, Guarantor, and each Pledgor is a duly organized and validly existing entity under and with respect to the laws of its state of organization. Each of Borrower, Guarantor, and each Pledgor has the right and power and has obtained all authorizations necessary to execute and deliver this Modification and all other documents required to be delivered as conditions precedent to the effectiveness hereof and to perform their respective obligations hereunder and under the other Loan Documents (as applicable) in accordance with their respective terms. This Modification has been duly executed and delivered by a duly authorized officer of Borrower, Guarantor, and each Pledgor.  This Modification and each of the other Loan Documents (in each case as amended hereby, if applicable), is a legal, valid and binding obligation of Borrower, the Guarantor, and each Pledgor (in each case, to the extent they are a party thereto), enforceable against the Borrower, Guarantor, and/or each Pledgor (as applicable) in accordance with their respective terms, except as the same may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, and other similar laws affecting the rights of creditors generally and the availability of equitable remedies for the enforcement of certain obligations contained herein or therein may be limited by equitable principles generally.

(d)There are no actions, suits or proceedings pending or threatened against or affecting Borrower, Guarantor, and/or any Pledgor which, if adversely determined, could affect Borrower’s, Guarantor’s, or any such Pledgor’s ability to perform its obligations under the Loan Documents or challenge the validity of or enforceability of, or ability of Borrower, Guarantor, and/or any such Pledgor to fulfill each of its obligations under this Modification, any of the other Loan Documents, or any of the other instruments, documents or agreements described herein, as modified and amended hereby, or the priority of any lien thereof, in any court, at law or in equity, or before any administrative agencies or other governmental authority.

(e)Borrower further represents and warrants that the ownership structure of each of the Borrower, the Guarantor, and each of the Pledgors has not been changed and each of Borrower’s, Guarantor’s, and each Pledgor’s organizational documents have not been modified or amended, in each

A-4

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case since the initial closing of the Credit Agreement, or have not been so changed or amended except to the extent of such amendments as have been provided to Administrative Agent in writing.

(f)Following the execution and delivery of this Modification, no Event of Default or Default exists under the Loan Documents as of the date hereof and, as of the date hereof, all of the covenants, representations and warranties made by the Borrower, Guarantor, and each Pledgor and contained in any of the Loan Documents are true and correct as of the date of this Modification (except to the extent any such representations or warranties expressly refer to an earlier date).

6.Reaffirmation of Collateral Document Obligations; Receipt of Modification.  The Borrower, Guarantor, and each Pledgor each hereby acknowledges receipt of a copy of this Modification and agrees that (a) each of the Collateral Documents shall continue in full force and effect in favor of the Administrative Agent and for the benefit of the Secured Parties with respect to the obligations guaranteed or secured thereby (as modified hereby), and (b) each of the Collateral Documents, as modified hereby, is hereby ratified and confirmed in all respects.

7.Future Delivery and Execution of Documents.  Each of Borrower, Guarantor, and/or each Pledgor (as applicable) will execute such additional documents as are reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent to reflect the terms and conditions of this Modification, and will cause to be delivered such additional certificates, legal opinions and other documents as are reasonably required by the Administrative Agent.

8.Release.  In consideration of the modifications set forth in this Modification, Borrower, Guarantor, and each Pledgor each hereby releases and holds harmless the Administrative Agent and each of the Lenders and their respective officers, employees and agents, from and against any claim, action, suit, demand, cost, expense or liability of any kind relating to the making of the extension of credit under the Credit Agreement, the administration of same or any business communications and dealings between or among the Borrower and/or Guarantor (or either of them), on one hand, and the Administrative Agent and any Lender, on the other, concerning the Credit Agreement, the extensions of credit thereunder, or any of the Loan Documents and arising on or prior to the date hereof.

9.Defaults Under the Credit Agreement.  The failure of Borrower, Guarantor, and/or any Pledgor to perform any of their respective obligations under this Modification or any of the other Loan Documents (following any applicable notice and cure periods) or the falsity of any representation or warranty made herein or the failure of Borrower, Guarantor, and/or Pledgors to advise Administrative Agent that a representation or warranty made herein is no longer true shall, at the option of the Administrative Agent and Lenders, after expiration of any applicable cure period, constitute an Event of Default under the Credit Agreement.

A-5

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10.Effectiveness.  The Loan Documents and the terms and provisions thereof, as modified and amended hereby, and the liens and security interests created thereby shall constitute and remain in full force and effect as of the execution thereof.  All of the terms of the Loan Documents, except to the extent modified herein or amended and restated in connection herewith, shall remain in full force and effect.  The amendments contained herein shall be deemed to have prospective application only, unless otherwise specifically stated herein. Section headings in this Modification are included herein for convenience of reference only and shall not constitute a part of this Modification for any other purpose.

11.Savings Clause.  If any provision of any of this Modification or of any Loan Document, as amended hereby, is determined to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable, such provision shall be fully severable and the remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect and shall be construed without giving effect to the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provisions.

12.No Novation.  Borrower, Guarantor, and each Pledgor each intend for the amendments to the Loan Documents to evidence an amendment to the terms of the existing indebtedness or obligations of Borrower, Guarantor, and/or Pledgors (as and to the extent applicable) to the Administrative Agent and Lenders and do not intend for such amendments to constitute a novation in any manner whatsoever.

13.Counterparts.  This Modification may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered shall be an original, but all of which shall constitute one and the same instrument.  It shall not be necessary in making proof of this Modification to produce or account for more than one such counterpart for each of the parties hereto.  Delivery by facsimile or PDF by any of the parties hereto of an executed counterpart of this Modification shall be as effective as an original executed counterpart hereof and shall be deemed a representation that an original executed counterpart hereof will be delivered. Each counterpart hereof shall be deemed to be an original and shall be binding upon all parties, their successors and assigns.

14.Fees and Expenses.  The Borrower hereby agrees that all fees, expenses and costs incurred by the Administrative Agent or its counsel in reviewing, negotiating, preparing and granting the amendment set forth herein shall, to the extent not paid or invoiced as of the date hereof, be paid by it upon demand as fees, costs and expenses incurred in connection with the Credit Agreement.

15.Amendments; Use of Terms.  This Modification may not be supplemented, changed, waived, discharged, terminated, modified or amended except in written form executed by all parties hereto.  Wherever in this Modification any word or combination of words (including defined terms) connotes number or gender, such word or combination of words shall be deemed of such number (singular or plural) and such gender (masculine, neuter or feminine) as the context and circumstances may require.  This Modification shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective heirs, personal and legal representatives, successors and assigns.

A-6

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16.Final Agreement.  This Modification represents the final agreement between the parties and supersedes all previous negotiations, discussions and agreements, contemporaneous or subsequent, between the parties, and no parol evidence of any prior or other agreement shall be permitted to contradict or vary their terms.  There are no promises, terms, conditions or obligations other than those contained in this Modification.  There are no unwritten oral agreements between the parties.

17.Binding Effect.  This Modification shall become effective as of the date set forth above upon satisfaction or waiver of all of the conditions set forth in Section 4 hereof and execution and delivery of this Modification by the Borrower, Guarantor, Pledgors, Administrative Agent, and the Lenders.  Thereafter this Modification shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto, and their respective successors and assigns.

18.Governing Law and Jurisdiction.  This Modification and all matters relating thereto shall be governed by and construed and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.

A-7

~~118937561v2~~

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Borrower, Guarantor, Pledgors, Administrative Agent, and the Lenders have executed this Modification under seal on the date first above written.

BORROWER/PLEDGOR:
NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership
By: NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, OPERATING PARTNERSHIP GP, LLC, a Delaware limited<br><br><br>liability company, its General Partner
By: NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC., a Maryland corporation, its Sole Member
By: /s/ Matt McGraner
Name: Matt McGraner
Title: Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer
GUARANTOR/PLEDGOR:
--- ---
NEXPOINT RESIDENTIAL TRUST, INC., a Maryland corporation
By: /s/ Matt McGraner
Name: Matt McGraner
Title: Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer

ADDITIONAL PLEDGORS:

FRBH C-1 Residential, LLC

FRBH Nashville Residential, LLC

FRBH JAX-TPA, LLC

A-8

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HRT Timber Creek, LLC

NXRT Radbourne Lake, LLC

NXRT Sabal Palms, LLC

NXRTBH Cornerstone, LLC

NXRTBH Barrington Mill, LLC

NXRTBH North Dallas 3, LLC

NXRT Bayberry, LLC

NXRTBH AZ2, LLC

NXRT Vanderbilt, LLC

BH Willowdale Manager, LLC

FRBH Regatta Bay, LLC

NXRTBH McMillan, LLC

Freedom Miramar Apartments, LLC

HRTBH North Atlanta, LLC

NXRT Crestmont, LLC

NXRT Brandywine LP, LLC

NXRT PHX 3, LLC

NXRT Summers Landing GP, LLC

NXRT Glenview, LLC

NXRT West Place, LLC

NXRT Pembroke Owner, LLC

NXRT Brentwood Owner, LLC

NexPoint Residential Trust Operating Partnership, L.P.

By: /s/ Matt McGraner
Name: Matt McGraner
Title: Authorized Signatory

A-9

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ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT:
TRUIST BANK, as Administrative Agent,
By: /s/ Ryan Almond
Name: Ryan Almond
Title: Director
LENDERS:
--- ---
TRUIST BANK, as a Revolving Lender and as a Supplemental Lender
By: /s/ Ryan Almond
Name: Christopher T. Neil
Title: Senior Banker
KEYBANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as a Revolving Lender, as a Supplemental Lender, and as the sole Second Supplemental Lender
--- ---
By: /s/ Christopher Neil
Name: Christopher T. Neil
Title: Senior Banker
CITIZENS BANK, N.A., as a Revolving Lender
--- ---
By: /s/ Thomas Shannon
Name: Thomas Shannon
Title: Officer

A-10

~~118937561v2~~

RAYMOND JAMES BANK, N.A., as a Revolving Lender
By: /s/ Ted Long
Name: Ted Long
Title: Senior Vice President
SYNOVUS BANK, as a Revolving Lender
--- ---
By: /s/ Tejas Patel
Name: Tejas Patel
Title: Senior Manager

A-11

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EXHIBIT A

REDLINED CREDIT AGREEMENT

A-12

~~118937561v2~~

EXHIBIT B

CLEAN/UPDATED CREDIT AGREEMENT

A-13

~~118937561v2~~

nxrt-ex311_8.htm

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Jim Dondero, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of NexPoint Residential Trust, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
--- ---
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
--- ---
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
--- ---
a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
--- ---
b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
--- ---
c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
--- ---
d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
--- ---
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
--- ---
a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
--- ---
b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
--- ---

Date: November 3, 2021

/s/ Jim Dondero
Jim Dondero
President
(Principal Executive Officer)

nxrt-ex312_10.htm

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Brian Mitts, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of NexPoint Residential Trust, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
--- ---
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
--- ---
4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
--- ---
a) designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
--- ---
b) designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
--- ---
c) evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
--- ---
d) disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
--- ---
5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
--- ---
a) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
--- ---
b) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
--- ---

Date: November 3, 2021

/s/ Brian Mitts
Brian Mitts
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

nxrt-ex321_9.htm

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATIONS PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of NexPoint Residential Trust, Inc. (the “Company”) for the period ending September 30, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), the undersigned, Jim Dondero, President of the Company, and Brian Mitts, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 that:

1. The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2. The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
--- ---
Dated: November 3, 2021 /s/ Jim Dondero
--- ---
Jim Dondero<br><br><br>President<br><br><br>(Principal Executive Officer)
Dated: November 3, 2021 /s/ Brian Mitts
Brian Mitts<br><br><br>Chief Financial Officer<br><br><br>(Principal Financial Officer)

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