6-K

Opera Ltd (OPRA)

6-K 2022-02-17 For: 2022-02-28
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Added on April 11, 2026

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER

PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16 UNDER

THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the month of February 2022

Commission File Number: 001-38588

OPERA LIMITED

Vitaminveien 4,

0485 Oslo, Norway

(Address of principal executive office)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F ☑          Form 40-F ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(1): ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by Regulation S-T Rule 101(b)(7): ☐


Exhibit 99.1         Press release -- Opera reports fourth quarter and full-year 2021 Results.


SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Opera Limited<br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br> <br><br><br> <br>By: /s/ Yahui Zhou<br><br> <br>Name: Yahui Zhou<br><br> <br>Title:   Chairman of the Board and<br><br> <br>Chief Executive Officer

Date: February 17, 2022

HTML Editor

Exhibit 99.1

Opera reports fourth quarter and full-year 2021 Results

Both revenue and adjusted EBITDA exceeded expectations

Q4 revenue grew 45% year-over-year driven by strong product portfolio and growth in high ARPU markets

Company announced a $50 million buyback program

Company issues 2022 guidance for revenue growth of 22% and adjusted EBITDA growth of 97% with a 18% margin at the midpoint

Oslo, Norway, February 17, 2022 – Opera Limited (NASDAQ: OPRA), one of the world’s largest internet consumer brands with hundreds of millions of users worldwide, today announced its unaudited consolidated financial results for the quarter ended December 31, 2021.

Fourth quarter and full year 2021 financial highlights

Year-over- Twelve Months Ended December 31, Year-over-
[US thousands, except for margins and per ADS amounts] 2021 year % change **** 2020 2021 year % change ****
Revenue 50,229 72,626 44.6 % 165,056 250,991 52.1 %
Net income (loss) 28,527 (84,209 ) -395.2 % 179,174 (15,784 ) -108.8 %
Margin 56.8 % -115.9 % 108.6 % -6.3 %
Adjusted EBITDA (1) 14,052 16,091 14.5 % 24,969 27,850 11.5 %
Margin 28.0 % 22.2 % 15.1 % 11.1 %
Adjusted net income (loss) (1) 45,298 (77,906 ) -272.0 % 62,876 5,661 -91.0 %
Margin 90.2 % -107.3 % 38.1 % 2.3 %
Diluted net income (loss) per ADS, US 0.25 (0.73 ) -395.5 % 1.51 (0.14 ) -109.0 %
Diluted adjusted net income (loss) per ADS, US (1) 0.38 (0.68 ) -279.1 % 0.53 0.05 -90.8 %

All values are in US Dollars.

^(1)^ Please see the separate section "About non-IFRS financial measures" for the definitions of adjusted EBITDA and adjusted net income.

“We’re very excited that both revenue and adjusted EBITDA came in ahead of expectations, closing out a very strong 2021”, said Co-CEO Song Lin. “Looking back, we can conclude that our investments in marketing to accelerate our growth trajectory and strengthen our position in higher-ARPU markets, and investments in our strong and growing product portfolio, have paid off.”

“Even more encouragingly, as we look ahead, we have every expectation that we will continue a healthy growth trajectory from this elevated scale, with margins continuing to normalize.”


Fourth Quarter and Recent Business Highlights

Core search and advertising revenue growth rates grew 47% year-over-year in the fourth quarter, driven by strong browser and news performance.
Opera’s average monthly active user base was 344 million MAUs in the quarter; with a continued directional shift towards higher ARPU markets. User growth was the strongest in the Americas, this time led by Latin America up 35% and North America up 22%, while we continue to focus investments in emerging markets more specifically towards users that are monetizable.
--- ---
In the fourth quarter, each user on average generated a record 83 cents of revenue on an annualized basis, up 11% sequentially, and up 62% compared to the fourth quarter of 2020.
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The Opera GX gaming browser had over 14 million monthly active users across PC and mobile during the fourth quarter.
--- ---
The beta version of the Opera Web 3.0 browser was released as the newest addition to our family of browsers.
--- ---
Our equity-accounted investee Nanobank has experienced a prolonged period of inability to operate in India, and as a result we have impaired all assets and intangible values related to its Indian subsidiary, totaling $82.6 million and resulting in a negative net income for the year.
--- ---
Opera announced a $50 million stock buyback program that is in effect for the next two years.
--- ---

Business Outlook

“We are very pleased that the strategy we have embarked on is already paying off,” said CFO Frode Jacobsen. “It is encouraging that our margins normalized faster than anticipated as our investments in the business have resulted in revenue growth ahead of plan.”

For the first quarter of 2022, Opera expects revenue of $67 million to $70 million, representing 33% year-over-year growth at the midpoint and reflecting normal seasonality, while benefiting from the additional scale we built throughout 2021. Adjusted EBITDA is expected to be between $4 million and $7 million.

For the full year of 2022, Opera expects revenue of $300 million to $310 million, representing a 22% year-over-year increase at the midpoint. We expect adjusted EBITDA to be between $50 million and $60 million, or an 18% margin at the midpoint, versus 11% for 2021. Our 2022 results are expected to benefit from the continued growth of our products in Western markets as well as the continuation of underlying ARPU improvements across all of our regions.


Other updates

Opera holds valuable investments in OPay (6.44%), StarMaker (19.35%), and Nanobank (42.35%).

Nanobank, our equity-accounted investee which provides microlending services in several emerging markets, saw record activity in all of its active markets except for India. As we noted in our third quarter report, Nanobank’s Indian subsidiary became subject to inspection by the Ministry of Finance of India and now by its regulator, with particular focus on the fees paid for use of technology and platform infrastructure that is developed centrally by Nanobank for use across all of its operating markets. That process has taken months, and is still ongoing. Pending a resolution, a substantial portion of the funds of Nanobank’s Indian subsidiary have been subject to seizure, effectively halting its entire Indian operation. As a consequence of the prolonged situation and lack of clarity, Nanobank has recognized material provisions and impairments in the fourth quarter to bring the book value of its Indian subsidiary to zero; consequently we have impaired our investment in Nanobank to reflect the circumstances. That led to substantial non-cash losses in the quarter, partially offsetting the accounting gain associated with the creation of Nanobank in the third quarter of 2020. While we are taking an appropriate approach in our financial statements, Nanobank remains highly engaged to facilitate a return of operations.

Fourth quarter 2021 consolidated financial results

All comparisons in this section are relative to the fourth quarter of 2020 unless otherwise stated.

Revenue increased 45% to $72.6 million in the quarter.

Search revenue increased by 35% to $34.8 million driven by both PC and mobile browser monetization growth.
Advertising revenue increased by 59% to $36.7 million, predominantly fueled by monetization growth within Opera News, our ad tech platform and our mobile browsers.
--- ---
Technology licensing and other revenue was $1.2 million.
--- ---

Operating expenses increased by 31% to $70.6 million.

Combined technology and platform fees, content cost and cost of inventory sold was $5.5 million, a 150% increase following the scaling of associated revenues.
Personnel expenses, including share-based remuneration, were $18.0 million, a 13% increase. This expense consists of cash-based compensation expense of $14.9 million, nearly flat year-over-year, and $3.1 million of share-based remuneration expense.
--- ---
Marketing and distribution expenses were $30.3 million, an increase of $18.0 million or 146% versus the fourth quarter of 2020, while representing a slight decline compared to the immediate prior quarters.
--- ---
Depreciation and amortization expenses were $4.6 million, a 22% decrease as relevant asset bases declined over time.
--- ---
Impairment of non financial assets of $6.4 million were mainly related to our decision to close our fintech office in Tallinn.
--- ---
Other operating expenses were $5.7 million, a 16% decrease predominantly driven by reductions in credit loss expenses and professional services.
--- ---

Operating profit was $2.2 million compared to an operating profit of $2.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2020.

Other items in the quarter include a total impairment of $82.6 million related to the Indian subsidiary of Nanobank. $62.1 million of this amount is recorded in a new line item called impairment of associates and joint ventures and the remaining $20.5 million is included as the main component in our share of net loss of associates and joint ventures.

Income tax expense was $2.4 million in the quarter.

Net loss was $84.2 million. This compared to a net income of $28.5 million in the fourth quarter of 2020.

Net loss per ADS was $0.73 in the quarter. Each ADS represents two shares in Opera Limited. In the quarter, the average number of shares outstanding was 230.3 million, corresponding to 115.1 million ADSs.

Adjusted EBITDA was $16.1 million, representing a 22% adjusted EBITDA margin, compared to adjusted EBITDA of $14.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2020. Adjusted EBITDA excludes share-based remuneration and non-recurring expenses, as well as other income and discontinued operations.

Adjusted net loss was $77.9 million in the quarter, compared to adjusted net income of $45.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2020. Adjusted net income excludes share-based remuneration, non-recurring expenses, discontinued operations and amortization of intangible assets related to acquisitions.

Adjusted net loss per ADS was $0.67 in the quarter.

We have posted unaudited supplemental information at https://investor.opera.com, including: 1) Opera’s financial historical results by quarter since 2019; and 2) Nanobank financial results by quarter since 2019 (pro forma prior to August 19, 2020).


Conference call

Opera’s management will host a conference call to discuss the fourth quarter 2021 financial results on Thursday, February 17th at 8:00 am Eastern Time (EST) (2:00 PM Central European Time, 9:00 PM Beijing/Hong Kong time). Listeners may access the call by dialing the following numbers:

United States: +1 877-895-3361

China: +10-800-714-1507 or +10-800-140-1382

Hong Kong: +80-090-1494

Norway: +47 80-01-3780

United Kingdom: +44 (0) 808-101-1183

International: +1 785-424-1062

Confirmation Code: OPRAQ421

A live webcast of the conference call will be posted at https://investor.opera.com.

We will be tweeting highlights from our prepared remarks. Please follow along @InvestorOpera.

About non-IFRS financial measures

To supplement our consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented based on IFRS, we use adjusted EBITDA and adjusted net income, both non-IFRS financial measures, to understand and evaluate our core operating performance. These non-IFRS financial measures, which may differ from similarly titled measures used by other companies, are presented to enhance investors’ overall understanding of our financial performance and should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with IFRS.

We define adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) excluding income tax expense (benefit), net finance expense (income), share of net loss (income) of associates and joint ventures, other loss (income) from long-term investments, impairments, depreciation and amortization, share-based remuneration, non-recurring expenses, and excluding other income and profit (loss) from discontinued operations.

We define adjusted net income as net income (loss) excluding share-based remuneration, amortization cost related to acquired intangible assets, amortization of Nanobank intangible assets, non-recurring expenses, and excluding profit (loss) from discontinued operations, adjusted for the associated tax benefit related to such items.

We believe that adjusted EBITDA and adjusted net income provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results. These non-IFRS financial measures adjust for the impact of items that we do not consider indicative of the operational performance of our business. While we believe that these non-IFRS financial measures are useful in evaluating our business, this information should be considered as supplemental in nature and is not meant as a substitute for the related financial information prepared and presented in accordance with IFRS. Please refer to our financial statements at the end of this announcement for a table reconciling our non-IFRS financial measures to net income (loss), the most directly comparable IFRS financial measure.


Safe harbor statement

This press release contains statements of a forward-looking nature. These statements, including statements relating to the Company and its investees’ future financial and operating results, are made under the “safe harbor” provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You can identify these forward-looking statements by terminology such as “will,” “may,” “expect,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “seek, ” “plan,” “potential,” “continue,” “ongoing,” “target,” “guidance,” “is/are likely to,” “future” and similar statements. Among other things, management’s quotations and the Business outlook section contain forward-looking statements. The Company may also make forward-looking statements in its periodic reports to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), in press releases and other written materials and in oral statements made by its officers, directors or employees to third parties. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties and are based on current expectations, assumptions, estimates and projections about the Company, its investees, and the industry in which they operate. Potential risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those relating to: the duration and development of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as changes in consumer behaviors as a result of such pandemic; the outcome of regulatory processes or litigation; the Company and its goals and strategies; expected development and launch, and market acceptance, of products and services; Company and its investees’ expectations regarding demand for and market acceptance of their brands, platforms and services; Company’s expectations regarding growth in its user base, user retention and level of engagement; Company’s ability to attract, retain and monetize users; Company’s ability to continue to develop new technologies, products and services and/or upgrade its existing technologies, products and services; quarterly variations in Company’s operating results caused by factors beyond its control; and global macroeconomic conditions and their potential impact in the markets in which Company or its investees have businesses. All information provided in this press release is as of the date hereof and is based on assumptions that the Company believes to be reasonable as of this date, and it undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent occurring events or circumstances, or changes in its expectations, except as may be required by law. Although the Company believes that the expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, it cannot assure you that its expectations will turn out to be correct, and investors are cautioned that actual results may differ materially from the anticipated results. Further information regarding risks and uncertainties faced by Opera is included in the Company’s filings with the SEC, including its annual reports on Form 20-F.


About Opera

Opera is a global web innovator. Opera’s browsers, news products and fintech solutions are the trusted choice of hundreds of millions of users worldwide. Opera is headquartered in Oslo, Norway and listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange (OPRA). Download the Opera browser from www.opera.com.

Learn more about Opera at www.investor.opera.com or on Twitter @InvestorOpera.

Investor Relations Contact:

Matthew Wolfson

investor-relations@opera.com

For media enquiries, please contact: press-team@opera.com


UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
**** Twelve Months Ended December 31,
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
[US thousands, except per share and ADS amounts] 2021 2020 2021
Revenue 50,229 72,626 165,056 250,991
Other income 5,974 248 11,542 466
Operating expenses: **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Technology and platform fees (941 ) (1,297 ) (3,315 ) (4,472 )
Content cost (842 ) (1,200 ) (4,312 ) (3,712 )
Cost of inventory sold (431 ) (3,043 ) (700 ) (5,507 )
Personnel expenses including share-based remuneration (15,782 ) (18,043 ) (62,103 ) (74,825 )
Marketing and distribution expenses (12,318 ) (30,344 ) (47,860 ) (121,319 )
Credit loss expense (607 ) (172 ) (1,849 ) (557 )
Credit loss expense related to divested joint venture (10,476 ) - (10,476 ) -
Depreciation and amortization (5,877 ) (4,555 ) (20,234 ) (19,600 )
Impairment of non-financial assets - (6,414 ) - (6,414 )
Non-recurring expenses (321 ) - (3,543 ) -
Other expenses (6,248 ) (5,567 ) (24,654 ) (22,802 )
Total operating expenses (53,843 ) (70,634 ) (179,046 ) (259,208 )
Operating profit (loss) 2,360 2,240 (2,448 ) (7,751 )
Share of net income (loss) of associates and joint ventures 3,327 (21,779 ) 2,005 (26,675 )
Fair value gain from associates and other long-term investments 18,000 4,733 24,000 90,193
Impairment of associates and joint ventures - (62,089 ) - (62,089 )
Net finance income (expense): **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Finance income 5,166 97 13,633 123
Finance expense (30 ) (3,853 ) (516 ) (6,912 )
Net foreign exchange gain (loss) 1,421 (308 ) 833 (1,814 )
Net finance income (expense) 6,557 (4,064 ) 13,950 (8,603 )
Profit (loss) before income taxes 30,244 (80,959 ) 37,507 (14,925 )
Income tax (expense) benefit 558 (2,435 ) (75 ) (43 )
Profit (loss) from continuing operations 30,803 (83,394 ) 37,432 (14,968 )
Profit (loss) from discontinued operations (2,276 ) (816 ) 141,742 (816 )
Net income (loss) attributable to owners of the parent 28,527 (84,209 ) 179,174 (15,784 )
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding: **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Basic, millions (1) 229.54 230.29 234.57 230.28
Diluted, millions (2) 232.49 230.29 237.39 230.28
Earnings per ADS and per share for profit (loss) from continuing operations: **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Basic earnings per ADS, US 0.27 (0.72 ) 0.32 (0.13 )
Basic earnings per share, US 0.13 (0.36 ) 0.16 (0.06 )
Diluted earnings per ADS, US 0.26 (0.72 ) 0.32 (0.13 )
Diluted earnings per share, US 0.13 (0.36 ) 0.16 (0.06 )
Earnings per ADS and per share for net income (loss): **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Basic earnings per ADS, US 0.25 (0.73 ) 1.53 (0.14 )
Basic earnings per share, US 0.12 (0.37 ) 0.76 (0.07 )
Diluted earnings per ADS, US 0.25 (0.73 ) 1.51 (0.14 )
Diluted earnings per share, US 0.12 (0.37 ) 0.75 (0.07 )

All values are in US Dollars.

^(1)^ As of December 31, 2021, the total number of shares outstanding for Opera Limited was 230,291,732, equivalent to 115,145,866 ADSs.
^(2)^ Includes the net dilutive impact of employee equity awards. In 2021, including the fourth quarter, potential ordinary shares issuable upon the vesting of employee equity awards have an antidilutive impact on the amounts for diluted earnings per ADS and per share, and are thus excluded.

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Three Months Ended December 31, Twelve Months Ended December 31,
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
[US$ thousands] 2020 2021 2020 2021
Net income (loss) **** 28,527 (84,209 ) 179,174 (15,784 )
Other comprehensive income (loss): **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Items that may be reclassified to the Statement of Operations in subsequent periods (net of tax):
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations 944 (437 ) 42 (1,156 )
Reclassification of exchange differences on loss of control 2,936 - 2,936 -
Share of other comprehensive income (loss) of associates and joint ventures (935 ) 227 (935 ) 227
Other comprehensive income (loss) **** 2,945 (210 ) 2,043 (928 )
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to owners of the parent **** 31,473 (84,419 ) 181,217 (16,711 )

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
As of December 31,
--- --- --- --- --- ---
[US$ thousands] 2020 2021
Assets: **** **** **** **** ****
Property and equipment 18,167 12,263
Intangible assets 111,954 103,627
Goodwill 424,961 429,588
Investments in associates and joint ventures 364,946 233,505
Other long-term investments - 85,497
Non-current receivables 1,490 1,980
Deferred tax assets 4,383 2,323
Total non-current assets 925,901 868,784
Trade receivables 28,809 43,864
Other current receivables 11,674 18,538
Prepayments 9,061 9,192
Marketable securities - 78,135
Cash and cash equivalents 134,168 102,876
Total cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities 134,168 181,011
Total current assets 183,712 252,607
Total assets 1,109,612 1,121,391
Equity: **** **** **** **** ****
Share capital 24 24
Other paid in capital 765,129 764,381
Retained earnings 283,334 277,335
Foreign currency translation reserve 408 (520 )
Total equity attributable to owners of the parent 1,048,895 1,041,220
Liabilities: **** **** **** **** ****
Non-current lease liabilities and other loans 3,584 2,081
Deferred tax liabilities 11,745 6,532
Other non-current liabilities 68 23
Total non-current liabilities 15,397 8,635
Trade and other payables 25,454 38,753
Current lease liabilities and other loans 5,389 11,427
Income tax payable 1,094 763
Deferred revenue 345 1,092
Other current liabilities 13,040 19,500
Total current liabilities 45,320 71,536
Total liabilities 60,717 80,171
Total equity and liabilities 1,109,612 1,121,391

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
[US$ thousands] Share capital Other paid in capital Retained earnings Foreign currency translation reserve Total equity attributable to owners of the parent
As of December 31, 2019 24 814,177 99,513 (1,508 ) 912,206
Net income - - 179,174 - 179,174
Other comprehensive income - - - 2,043 2,043
Total comprehensive income - - 179,174 2,043 181,217
Reclassification of foreign currency translation reserve - - 126 (126 ) -
Acquisition of treasury shares - (49,049 ) - - (49,049 )
Share-based remuneration expense - - 4,521 - 4,521
As of December 31, 2020 24 765,129 283,334 408 1,048,895
Net loss - - (15,784 ) - (15,784 )
Other comprehensive loss - - - (928 ) (928 )
Total comprehensive loss - - (15,784 ) (928 ) (16,712 )
Acquisition of treasury shares - (749 ) - - (749 )
Share-based remuneration expense - - 9,785 - 9,785
As of December 31, 2021 24 764,381 277,336 (520 ) 1,041,220

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Three Months Ended December 31, Twelve Months Ended December 31,
[US$ thousands] 2020 2021 2020 2021
Cash flow from operating activities: **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Profit (loss) before income taxes from continuing operations 28,996 (80,959 ) 37,507 (14,925 )
Profit (loss) before income taxes from discontinued operations 515 (1,053 ) 139,792 (1,053 )
Adjustments to reconcile profit before income taxes to net cash flows: -
Depreciation and amortization 5,879 4,555 20,390 19,600
Impairment of non-financial assets - 6,414 - 6,414
Share of net loss (income) of associates and joint ventures (3,327 ) 21,779 (2,005 ) 26,675
Fair value gain from associates and other long-term investments (18,000 ) (4,733 ) (24,000 ) (90,193 )
Impairment of associates and joint ventures 62,089 - 62,089
Equity component of share-based payment expense 886 3,672 4,521 9,785
Gain on disposal of emerging market fintech operations 680 - (151,368 ) -
Impact of divestment of joint venture 1,834 - 1,834 -
Net finance income (expense) (4,587 ) 4,064 (11,980 ) 8,603
Other adjustments (2,971 ) (715 ) (1,466 ) (1,833 )
Changes in working capital:
Change in inventories 179 24 7,752 24
Change in trade and other receivables 1,985 541 22,101 (7,383 )
Change in loans to customers 1,631 53 75,064 68
Change in trade and other payables (605 ) 2,162 (25,135 ) 13,300
Change in deferred revenue (2,404 ) 505 (346 ) 747
Change in prepayments 4,645 1,410 12,032 (132 )
Change in other liabilities 4,037 776 (1,482 ) 229
Income taxes paid (1,886 ) (4,112 ) (9,887 ) (5,452 )
Net cash flow from (used in) operating activities 17,487 16,473 93,324 26,564
Cash flow from investment activities: **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Purchase of intangibles assets (8 ) - (2,286 ) -
Purchase of equipment (165 ) (75 ) (2,484 ) (1,060 )
Acquisition of subsidiary, net of cash acquired - (4,882 ) (9,008 )
Cash transferred upon loss of control over emerging market fintech operations - - (39,260 ) -
Release of escrow account - - 1,000 -
Deposit of collateral for subsidiaries' loan facility - - (1,000 ) -
Disbursement of short-term loans - - (6,332 ) -
Repayment of short-term loans - - 6,332 -
Investment in, and loans to associates and joint ventures (440 ) - (440 ) -
Net sale (purchase) of listed equity instruments 61,624 - 58,535 (84,835 )
Proceeds from sale of shares in associate - - - 50,000
Interest income received (205 ) 14 326 35
Development expenditure (615 ) (1,476 ) (6,553 ) (4,836 )
Net cash flow from (used in) investing activities 60,191 (1,537 ) 2,956 (49,703 )
Cash flows from financing activities: **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Acquisition of treasury shares (8,194 ) - (49,049 ) (749 )
Proceeds from loans and borrowings - - 6,905 -
Interests on loans and borrowings (75 ) (73 ) (1,752 ) (316 )
Repayment of loans and borrowings 305 (87 ) (52,874 ) (499 )
Payment of lease liabilities (426 ) (1,334 ) (4,202 ) (5,119 )
Net cash flow from (used in) financing activities (8,390 ) (1,495 ) (100,972 ) (6,683 )
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 69,288 13,441 (4,692 ) (29,822 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 64,416 89,964 139,487 134,168
Net foreign exchange difference 465 (530 ) (627 ) (1,472 )
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 134,168 102,876 134,168 102,876

Financial details by business area
The tables below specify the contribution by each business area:
[US$ thousands] Three Months Ended December 31, 2020
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Business area Browser and News Other Total
Revenue categories: **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Search 25,653 - 25,653
Advertising 23,083 - 23,083
Technology licensing and other revenue - 1,492 1,492
Total revenue 48,736 1,492 50,229
Direct expenses: **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Technology and platform fees (941 ) - (941 )
Content cost (842 ) - (842 )
Cost of inventory sold - (431 ) (431 )
Other cost of revenue ^(1)^ (42 ) (516 ) (558 )
Marketing and distribution expenses (12,068 ) (250 ) (12,318 )
Credit loss expense (494 ) - (494 )
Total direct expenses (14,387 ) (1,197 ) (15,584 )
Contribution by business area 34,349 295 34,645
^(1)^Includes expenses presented separately in the Statement of Operations as part of personnel and other expenses, including audit, legal and other advisory services, that were included in the cost invoiced certain customers.
---
[US$ thousands] Three Months Ended December 31, 2021
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Business area Browser and News Other Total
Revenue categories: **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Search 34,751 - 34,751
Advertising 37,309 (643 ) 36,666
Technology licensing and other revenue 2,182 (972 ) 1,210
Total revenue 74,242 (1,615 ) 72,626
Direct expenses: **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Technology and platform fees (1,264 ) (32 ) (1,297 )
Content cost (1,222 ) 22 (1,200 )
Cost of inventory sold (3,488 ) 445 (3,043 )
Marketing and distribution expenses (30,519 ) 175 (30,344 )
Credit loss expense (208 ) 36 (172 )
Total direct expenses (36,701 ) 646 (36,055 )
Contribution by business area 37,541 (969 ) 36,572

[US$ thousands] Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2020
Business area Browser and News Other Total
Revenue categories: **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Search 84,180 - 84,180
Advertising 71,292 216 71,508
Technology licensing and other revenue - 9,368 9,368
Total revenue 155,472 9,584 165,056
Direct expenses: **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Technology and platform fees (3,315 ) - (3,315 )
Content cost (4,312 ) - (4,312 )
Cost of inventory sold - (700 ) (700 )
Other cost of revenue 140 (3,925 ) (3,785 )
Marketing and distribution expenses (47,042 ) (818 ) (47,860 )
Credit loss expense (568 ) (1,281 ) (1,849 )
Total direct expenses (55,098 ) (6,724 ) (61,822 )
Contribution by business area 100,374 2,860 103,234
[US$ thousands] Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2021
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Business area Browser and News Other Total
Revenue categories: **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Search 121,961 - 121,961
Advertising 123,870 40 123,910
Technology licensing and other revenue 2,182 2,937 5,120
Total revenue 248,013 2,978 250,991
Direct expenses: **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Technology and platform fees (3,899 ) (573 ) (4,472 )
Content cost (3,712 ) - (3,712 )
Cost of inventory sold (5,506 ) (1 ) (5,507 )
Marketing and distribution expenses (120,760 ) (559 ) (121,319 )
Credit loss expense (557 ) - (557 )
Total direct expenses (134,434 ) (1,132 ) (135,566 )
Contribution by business area 113,579 1,846 115,425

Personnel expenses including share-based remuneration
The table below specifies the amounts of personnel expenses including share-based remuneration:
[US$ thousands] Three Months Ended December 31, Twelve Months Ended December 31,
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Personnel expenses including share-based remuneration 2020 2021 2020 2021
Personnel expenses excluding share-based remuneration 14,790 14,913 57,397 64,772
Share-based remuneration, including related social security costs 992 3,130 4,706 10,053
Total 15,782 18,043 62,103 74,825

Other expenses
The table below specifies the nature of other expenses:
[US$ thousands] Three Months Ended December 31, Twelve Months Ended December 31,
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Other expenses 2020 2021 2020 2021
Hosting 2,114 1,933 8,056 7,647
Audit, legal and other advisory services 1,828 1,351 7,265 6,579
Software license fees 432 451 1,882 1,782
Rent and other office expense 1,016 786 3,318 3,152
Travel 209 223 1,304 542
Other 649 822 2,827 3,101
Total 6,248 5,567 24,654 22,802

Non-IFRS financial measures
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
[US thousands, except per share and ADS amounts] 2021 2020 2021
Reconciliation of net income (loss) to adjusted EBITDA:
Net income (loss) 28,527 (84,209 ) 179,174 (15,784 )
Add: Income tax expense (benefit) (558 ) 2,435 75 43
Add: Net finance expense (income) (6,557 ) 4,064 (13,950 ) 8,603
Add: Share of net loss (income) of associates and joint ventures (3,327 ) 21,779 (2,005 ) 26,675
Add: Other loss (income) from long-term investments (18,000 ) (4,733 ) (24,000 ) (90,193 )
Add: Depreciation and amortization 5,877 4,555 20,234 19,600
Add: Impairment of non-financial assets - 6,414 - 6,414
Add: Impairment of associates and joint ventures - 62,089 - 62,089
Add: Share-based remuneration 992 3,130 4,706 10,053
Add: Credit loss expense related to divested joint venture 10,476 - 10,476 -
Add: Non-recurring expenses 321 - 3,543 -
Less: Other income (5,974 ) (248 ) (11,542 ) (466 )
Less: (Profit) loss from discontinued operations 2,276 816 (141,742 ) 816
Adjusted EBITDA 14,052 16,091 24,969 27,850
Reconciliation of net income (loss) to adjusted net income (loss):
Net Income (loss) 28,527 (84,209 ) 179,174 (15,784 )
Add: Share-based remuneration 992 3,130 4,706 10,053
Add: Amortization of acquired intangible assets 1,341 907 5,354 4,906
Add: Amortization of Nanobank intangible assets (1) 1,684 1,759 2,584 7,037
Add: Non-recurring expenses 10,797 - 14,019 -
Income tax adjustment (2) (319 ) (309 ) (1,219 ) (1,366 )
Less: (Profit) loss from discontinued operations 2,276 816 (141,742 ) 816
Adjusted net income (loss) 45,298 (77,906 ) 62,876 5,661
Adjusted net income (loss) per ADS and per share: **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** **** ****
Basic adjusted net income (loss) per ADS, US 0.38 (0.68 ) 0.54 0.05
Basic adjusted net income (loss) per share, US 0.20 (0.34 ) 0.28 0.02
Diluted adjusted net income (loss) per ADS, US 0.38 (0.68 ) 0.53 0.05
Diluted adjusted net income (loss) per share, US 0.19 (0.34 ) 0.26 0.02

All values are in US Dollars.

^(1)^ The amortization of Nanobank intangible assets is included in the line "Share of net income (loss) of associates and joint ventures".
^(2)^ Reversal of tax benefit related to the social security cost component of share-based remuneration and deferred taxes on the amortization of acquired intangible assets.