20-F - ORIS - Equibles

UNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549

FORM 20-F

(Mark One)

☐ REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(B) OR 12(G) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

☐ SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of event requiring this shell company report:

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 333-274976

ORIENTAL RISE HOLDINGS LIMITED

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Cayman Islands

(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

No. 48 Xianyu RoadShuangcheng Town, Zherong CountyNingde City, Fujian ProvincePeople’s Republic of China 355399+86 (0) 593 8386777

(Address of principal executive offices)

Dezhi Liu

+86 (0) 593 8386777

liudezhi@mdhtea.cn

No. 48 Xianyu RoadShuangcheng Town, Zherong CountyNingde City, Fujian ProvincePeople’s Republic of China 355399

(Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered

| None. | | |

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act: Ordinary shares, par value $0.0008 per share

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report: 20,000,000 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

☐ Yes ☒ No

If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐

| Non-accelerated<br>filer ☒ | Emerging<br>growth company ☒ |

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒ Yes ☐ No

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark which basis of accounting the registrant has used to prepare the financial statements included in this filing:

U.S. GAAP ☒	International Financial Reporting Standards as issued	Other ☐

| | by the International Accounting Standards Board ☐ | |

If “Other” has been checked in response to the previous question, indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.

☐ Item 17 ☐ Item 18

If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).

☐ Yes ☒ No

(APPLICABLE ONLY TO ISSUERS INVOLVED IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS DURING THE PAST FIVE YEARS)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Sections 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.

☐ Yes ☐ No

EXPLANATORY NOTE

On March 29, 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) declared effective the Registration Statement on Form F-1 (Commission File No. 333-274976) (“Form F-1 Registration Statement”) of Oriental Rise Holdings Limited, a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands.

Rule 15d-2 (“Rule 15d-2”) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, provides generally that if a company’s registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, does not contain certified financial statements for the company’s last full fiscal year preceding the year in which the registration statement becomes effective, then the company must, within the later of 90 days after the effective date of the registration statement or four months following the end of the registrant’s latest full fiscal year, file a special financial report furnishing certified financial statements for the last full fiscal year, meeting the requirements of the form appropriate for annual reports of that company. Rule 15d-2 further provides that the special financial report is to be filed under cover of the facing sheet of the form appropriate for annual reports of the company.

The Form F-1 Registration Statement did not contain the certified financial statements of Oriental Rise Holdings Limited for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023; therefore, as required by Rule 15d-2, Oriental Rise Holdings Limited is hereby filing its certified financial statements with the SEC under cover of the facing page of an annual report on Form 20-F.

INDEX TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSORIENTAL RISE HOLDINGS LIMITEDCONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSAS OF AND FOR THE YEARS ENDEDDECEMBER 31, 2022 and 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

****	Page
Consolidated Financial Statements as of and for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	F-2
Consolidated statements of financial position as of December 31, 2022 and 2023	F-3
Consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023	F-4
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023	F-5
Consolidated statements of changes in equity for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023	F-6
Consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023	F-7
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	F-8 – F-23

F-1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTINGFIRM

To the Shareholders and the Board of Directors of Oriental Rise Holdings Limited

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial position of Oriental Rise Holdings Limited (a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability) and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in equity and cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Basis for opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ PKF Littlejohn LLP

| PKF Littlejohn LLP |

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2022.

London, United Kingdom

April 30, 2024

PCAOB ID: 2814

F-2

Oriental Rise Holdings LimitedConsolidated statements of financial positionAs of December 31, 2022 and 2023(all amounts in thousands of USD, except for number of shares and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

****	****	As of December 31,			****
****	Note	2022	****	2023	****
****	****	’000	****	’000	****
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	8
Trade receivables	9
Inventories	10
Prepayments and other current assets
Total current assets
Property, plant and equipment, net	11
Deposits paid for acquisition of property, plant and equipment	12
Right-of-use assets	13
Deferred tax assets	14
Total non-current assets
Total assets
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Bank overdraft	8
Short-term bank borrowings	17
Accruals and other payables	15
Amounts due to related parties	16
Lease liabilities, current portion	13
Income tax payable
Total current liabilities
Lease liabilities, non-current portion	13
Total non-current liabilities
Total liabilities
Shareholders’ equity
Ordinary shares (HK$0.008 par value, 38,000,000 shares authorized, 12,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022*^ and US$0.0008 par value, 125,000,000 shares authorized, 20,000,000 shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2023)	18
Receivables from shareholders			)		)
Share premium	18
Retained profits
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			)		)
Other reserves	18
Total shareholders’ equity
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

All values are in US Dollars.

*	Giving retroactive effect to the issuance of shares at nominal<br>consideration effected on January 10, 2023 (Note 18).
^	Giving retroactive effect to the subdivision of shares effected<br>on September 27, 2023 (Note 18).
---	---

F-3

Oriental Rise Holdings LimitedConsolidated statements of operationsFor the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023(all amounts in thousands of USD, except for number of shares and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

	Year ended December 31			****
	2022	****	2023	****
	’000	****	’000	****
Revenues from sales of product
Cost of sales		)		)
Gross profit
Operating expenses:
Selling and distribution costs		)		)
Administrative expenses		)		)
Total operating expenses		)		)
Operating profit
Other income, net
Finance costs		)		)
Profit before taxation
Income tax expenses (credit)		)
Net Profit for the year
Earnings per share
Basic and diluted ()
Weighted-average number of shares
Basic*		*^
Diluted*		*^

All values are in US Dollars.

*	Giving retroactive effect to the issuance of shares at nominal<br>consideration effected on January 10, 2023 (Note 18).
^	Giving retroactive effect to the subdivision of shares effected<br>on September 27, 2023 (Note 18).
---	---

F-4

Oriental Rise Holdings LimitedConsolidated statements of comprehensive incomeFor the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023(all amounts in thousands of USD, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

****	Year ended December 31			****
****	2022	****	2023	****
****	’000	****	’000	****
Net profit for the year
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustment		)		)
Other comprehensive loss		)		)
Total comprehensive income for the year

All values are in US Dollars.

F-5

Oriental Rise Holdings LimitedConsolidated statements of changes in equityFor the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023(all amounts in thousands of USD, except for number of shares and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

	Share<br> capital		Receivables<br> from<br> shareholders		Share<br> premium	Other<br> Comprehensive<br> Income		Merger<br> reserve	Capital<br> reserve	Statutory<br> reserve	Retained<br> profits	Total
	’000		’000		’000	’000		’000	’000	’000	’000	’000
At 1/1/2022		*^		)*^
Profit and total comprehensive income for the year							)
At 31/12/2022		*^		)*^			)
Issurance of new shares				)
Profit and total comprehensive income for the year							)
At 31/12/2023				)			)

All values are in US Dollars.

*	Giving retroactive effect to the issuance of shares at nominal<br>consideration effected on January 10, 2023 (Note 18).
^	Giving retroactive effect to the subdivision of shares effected<br>on September 27, 2023 (Note 18).
---	---

F-6

Oriental Rise HoldingsLimitedConsolidated statements of cash flowsFor the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023(all amounts in thousands of USD)

****	****	Year ended December 31			****
****	Note	2022	****	2023	****
****	****	’000	****	’000	****
Operating activities
Net Profit
Adjustments for:
Income tax expenses/(credit)					)
Depreciation
Finance costs
Interest income			)		)
Operating profit before working capital changes
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:
Inventories			)		)
Trade receivables					)
Prepayments and other current assets					)
Accruals and other payables			)
Cash generated from operations
Income tax paid			)		)
Cash generated from operating activities
Investing activities
Interest received
Payments for acquisition of property, plant and equipment			)		)
Cash generated from (used in) investing activities					)
Financing activities
Proceeds from bank borrowings
Interest paid			)		)
Amounts due to related parties
Lease payments			)		)
Cash generated from financing activities
Increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year
Effect of exchange rate changes			)		)
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year

All values are in US Dollars.

F-7

Oriental Rise Holdings LimitedNotes to consolidated financial statementsFor the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023(all amounts in thousands of USD, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

1. Description of Business

Oriental Rise Holdings Limited (the “Company”) was incorporated and registered on 25 January 2019 in the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act (As Revised), Cap. 22 of the Cayman Islands. The registered office of the Company is Cricket Square, Hutchins Drive, P.O. Box 2681, Grand Cayman, KY1-1111, Cayman Islands

The Company’s ultimate holding company is PLENTIFUL THRIVING LIMITED (“Plentiful Thriving”), a company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”). Plentiful Thriving is controlled by Mr. CHUN SUN WONG (“Mr. Wong”). Plentiful Thriving and Mr. Wong are referred to as the controlling shareholder.

The Company is an investment holding company. The Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries now comprising the Group are principally engaged in production and trading of primarily-processed teas and/or refined teas in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). Details of the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiaries are set out in below:

****	****	****	Issued and						****
****	Place of incorporation	Date of incorporation/	paid up<br> capital/<br> registered				At of date of		Principal
Name	and operation	establishment	capital		2023		this report		activities
Wisdom Navigation Limited (“Wisdom Navigation”)	BVI	15 November 2018	100/ 50,000	100%		100%		100%	Investment holding
East Asia Enterprise Limited	Hong Kong	8 October 2012	HK10,000/ HK10,000	100%		100%		100%	Investment holding
福建閩東紅茶業科技有限公司 Fujian Min Dong Hong Tea Industrial Technical Company Limited*	PRC	24 May 2013	HK24,670,000/ HK35,000,000	100%		100%		100%	Sales of refined teas
福建省青菁農業綜合開發有限公司 Fujian Qing Jing Agricultural Development Company Limited*	PRC	26 May 2008	RMB 3,060,000/ RMB 3,060,000	100%		100%		100%	Processing of tea leaves and wholesale primarily-processed teas

All values are in US Dollars.

Notes:

All companies now comprising the Group have adopted December 31 as their financial year end date.

*:	The English names of these companies represent the besteffort made by the directors of the Company to translate the Chinese names as these companies have not been registered with any officialEnglish names.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

2(a) Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

2(b) Principles of Consolidation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the financial statements of Oriental Rise Holdings Limited and its wholly-owned subsidiaries.

F-8

2. Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

Subsidiaries are all entities over which the Group has control. The Group controls an entity when the Group is exposed to or has rights to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date on which control is transferred to the Group. They are de-consolidated from the date that control ceases. All significant intercompany transactions and account balances have been eliminated.

2(c) Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Although these estimates are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future, actual results could differ from those estimates and assumptions. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the useful lives of fixed assets and the valuation of financial instruments and inventories.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

The Company’s results can also be affected by economic, political, legislative, regulatory, legal actions, and the impact from COVID-19. Economic conditions, such as inflation, interest and monetary exchange rates, and government fiscal policies, can have a significant effect on operations. While the Company maintains reserves for anticipated liabilities and carries various levels of insurance, the Company could be affected by civil, criminal, environmental, regulatory or administrative actions, claims, or proceedings.

2(d) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and on hand, demand deposits with banks and other financial institutions, and short-term highly liquid investments which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and subject to an insignificant risk of change in value, having been within three months of maturity at acquisition. Bank overdrafts which are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Group’s cash management are also included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the consolidated statements of cash flows.

2(e) Inventories

Raw materials and finished goods are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using weighted average method. Finished goods inventories represent costs associated with boxed produce not yet sold. Raw materials primarily represent growing and packaging supplies.

Growing leaves inventories primarily represent the capitalized costs associated with growing tea leaves, consist of but not limited to costs of plantation, cultivation, pest controls, pruning and irrigation etc.

2(f) Property, plant and equipment anddepreciation

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Expenditures for additions or renewals and improvements are capitalized; expenditures for maintenance and repairs that neither materially add to the value of the property nor appreciably prolong its economic life are charged to expense as incurred.

F-9

2. Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

Depreciation is calculated on the straight-line basis to write off the cost of each item of property, plant and equipment to its residual value over its estimated useful lives. The principal annual rates used for this purpose are as follows:

Category	Estimated useful lives	Estimated residual values
Bearer plant	24 – 30 years	—
Buildings	5 – 20 years	0 – 5%
Plant and machinery	5 – 10 years	0 – 5%
Office equipment	3 – 10 years	0 – 5%
Motor vehicles	4 years	5%
Software	3 – 10 years	—
Leasehold improvements	10 years	—

2(g) Operating Leases

A lease is defined as a contract that conveys the right to control the use of identified tangible property for a period of time in exchange for consideration. The Group adopted ASC Topic 842 which primarily affected the accounting treatment for operating lease agreements in which the Group is the lessee including leases of lands used in its operations. The Group elected to not recognize right of use assets (“ROU”) and lease liabilities arising from short-term leases with initial lease terms of twelve months or less (deemed immaterial) on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Payments under our lease arrangements are fixed. ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the present value of the future lease payments at the lease commencement date. The interest rate used to determine the present value of the future lease payments is incremental borrowing rate, because the interest rate implicit in the leases is not readily determinable. The incremental borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments, and in economic environments where the leased asset is located. The lease terms include periods under options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option. The Group generally uses the base, non-cancelable, lease term when determining the ROU assets and lease liabilities. ROU assets also include any prepaid lease payments and lease incentives. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

2(h) Impairment of long-lived assets

Long-lived assets include property, plant and equipment and ROU are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of a long-lived asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets is measured by comparing the carrying amount of an asset to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. The Company did not record any impairment losses for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023.

2(i) Financial Instruments

Financial instruments of the Group primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, prepayments and other current assets, bank overdraft, short-term bank borrowings, accruals and other payables and amount due to related parties. The carrying values of the Group’s financial instruments approximate their fair values, principally because of the short-term maturity of these instruments or their terms. The Group has no derivative financial instruments.

F-10

2. Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

2(j) Trade Receivables and Allowance for CreditLosses

Trade receivables are stated at the amount the Group expects to collect. The Group maintains allowances for credit losses. Management considers the following factors when determining the collectability of trade receivables: economic environment, historical experience, creditworthiness of the clients, aging of the receivables and other specific circumstances related to the accounts. Allowance for credit losses is made and recorded into administrative expenses based on the aging of trade receivables and on any specifically identified receivables that may become uncollectible. Trade receivables which are deemed to be uncollectible are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Group takes a write-off of the account balances when the Group can demonstrate all means of collection on the outstanding balances have been exhausted. Our assessment considered the impact of COVID-19 and estimates of expected credit and collectability trends. Volatility in market conditions and evolving credit trends are difficult to predict and may cause variability and volatility that may have an impact on our allowance for credit losses in future periods. There was no allowance for credit losses or write-off during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023.

2(k) Revenue Recognition

Revenue is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services and is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration that an entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The amount of revenue that is recorded reflects the consideration that the Group expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The Group applies the following five-step model in order to determine this amount: (i) identification of the promised goods or services in the contract; (ii) determination of whether the promised goods or services are performance obligations, including whether they are distinct in the context of the contract; (iii) measurement of the transaction price, including the constraint on variable consideration; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Group satisfies each performance obligation.

The Group only applies the five-step model to contracts when it is probable that the entity will collect the consideration it is entitled to in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to the customer. Once a contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606 at contract inception, the Group reviews the contract to determine which performance obligations the Group must deliver and which of these performance obligations are distinct. The Group recognizes as revenues the amount of the transaction price that is allocated to the respective performance obligation when (or as) the performance obligation is satisfied.

Our revenue consists primarily of the sale of primarily-processed teas and refined teas in the PRC. Sales of products are for cash or otherwise agreed-upon credit terms. Our payment terms vary by customer. Our revenue generating activities have a single performance obligation and are recognized at the point in time when control transfers and our obligation has been fulfilled, which is when the related goods are delivered to the customer, depending upon the method of distribution, and delivery terms. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration we expect to receive in exchange for our products. We do not allow for a right of return except for matters related to quality.

2(l) Income Taxes

Income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable to the Group as enacted by the relevant tax authorities. The impact of an uncertain income tax position on the income tax return is recognized at the largest amount that is more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon audit of the related tax authority. An uncertain income tax position will not be recognized if it has less than a 50% likelihood of being sustained. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Group had no uncertain income tax position. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Group records interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax liabilities (if any) in interest expenses and administrative expenses, respectively.

F-11

2. Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

The Group recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided, if, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

2(m) Commitments and Contingencies

In the normal course of business, the Group is subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, government investigations, lawsuits, and tax disputes. An accrual for a loss contingency is recognized when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. If a potential material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, is disclosed. As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Group had no such potential material loss contingency.

2(n) Fair Value Measurement

The Group defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required or permitted to be recorded at fair value, the Group considers the principal or most advantageous market in which it would transact and it considers assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability.

The Group follows the provisions of ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”. ASC 820 clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:

Level 1:	applies<br>to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
Level 2:	applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs, other than quoted prices in level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.
Level 3:	applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the asset or liability.

Level 1:

applies<br>to assets or liabilities for which there are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities

Level 2:

applies to assets or liabilities for which there are inputs, other than quoted prices in level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets); or model-derived valuations in which significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from, or corroborated by, observable market data.

Level 3:

applies to assets or liabilities for which there are unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of the fair value of the asset or liability.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the carrying value of financial instruments included in current assets and liabilities approximate their fair values because of the short-term nature of these instruments

F-12

2. Significant Accounting Policies (cont.)

2(o) Foreign currency translation

All of the Group’s operations are conducted in the PRC and as a result, the functional currency of the Group is the Chinese Renminbi (“RMB”). The presentation currency of the Group is the USD.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the applicable functional currencies are translated into the functional currency at the prevailing rates of exchange at the balance sheet date. Transactions in currencies other than the functional currency are converted into the functional currency at the applicable rates of exchange prevailing at the transaction dates. Transaction gains and losses are recognized in the statements of comprehensive income.

In translating the financial statements of the Company’s subsidiaries in functional currencies into the presentation currency, assets and liabilities are translated from the subsidiaries’ functional currencies to the presentation currency at the exchange rate at the balance sheet date. Equity amounts are translated at historical exchange rates; revenues, expenses, and other gains and losses are translated using the average rate for the period. Translation adjustments are reported as cumulative translation adjustments and are shown as a separate component of other comprehensive income/(loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

2(p) Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, “Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers”. Under ASU 2021-08, an acquirer must recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606, as if it had originated the contracts. Prior to this ASU, an acquirer generally recognized contract assets acquired and contract liabilities assumed that arose from contracts with customers at fair value on the acquisition date. The Company adopted the ASU on January 1, 2023 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures,” which requires public entities to disclose expanded information about their reportable segment(s)’ significant expenses and other segment items on an interim and annual basis. The ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The ASU is required to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements once adopted. The Company is evaluating the disclosure requirements related to the new standard.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which requires public entities to disclose specific tax rate reconciliation categories, as well as income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction, amongst other disclosure enhancements. The ASU is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The ASU can be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is evaluating the disclosure requirements related to the new standard.

The Company has considered all other recently issued accounting pronouncements and does not believe that the adoption of such pronouncements will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

F-13

3. Revenue and segment information

Revenue

The Group’s revenue was generated from production and trading of primarily-processed teas and refined teas in the PRC. Disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers recognized at a point in time is as follows:

****	Year ended December 31,
****	2022	2023
****	’000	’000
Sales of primarily-processed white teas
Premium-grade
First-grade
Second-grade
Third-grade
Sales of primarily-processed black teas
Premium-grade
First-grade
Second-grade
Third-grade
Sales of refined teas

All values are in US Dollars.

Segment information

Operating segments are defined in the criteria established under the FASB ASC Topic 280 as components of public entities that engage in business activities from which they may earn revenues and incur expenses for which separate financial information is available and which is evaluated regularly by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to assess performance and allocate resources. The Company’s CODM assesses performance and allocates resources based on two reporting segments: primarily-processed teas and refined teas.

Total revenues represent sales to unaffiliated customers, as reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company evaluates the segments’ performance based on direct margins (gross profit) from operations before selling and distribution costs, administrative expenses, finance costs, other income (expense) and income taxes.

F-14

3. Revenue and segment information (cont.)

Information by operating segment is as follows:

****	Year ended December 31,
****	2022	2023
****	’000	’000
Revenues:
Sales of primarily-processed teas
Sales of refined teas

Cost of sales:
Sales of primarily-processed teas
Sales of refined teas

Segment results:
Sales of primarily-processed teas
Sales of refined teas

All values are in US Dollars.

No geographical information is presented as all of the Group’s business is carried out in the PRC and from which the Group’s revenue from external customers is generated.

During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, none of independent third-party customers accounted for more than 10% of the Group’s total revenue.

Measurement of segment assets and liabilities is not provided regularly to the Group’s CODM and accordingly, no segment assets and liabilities information is presented.

4. Other income, net

****	Year ended December 31,
****	2022	2023
****	’000	’000
Other income
– Bank interest income
– Government grants
– Others

All values are in US Dollars.

F-15

5. Finance costs

****	Year ended December 31,
****	2022	2023
****	’000	’000
Interest on bank overdraft
Interest on bank borrowings
Interest on leases

All values are in US Dollars.

6. Profit before income tax expenses

Profit before income tax expenses is arrived at after charging:

****	Year ended December 31,
****	2022	2023
****	’000	’000
Staff costs
Salaries and other benefits
Staff welfare
Defined contribution retirement plan contributions

Other items:
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
Depreciation of right-of-use assets
Directors’ remuneration
Expense for listing on Hong Kong Stock Exchange
Expense for listing on Nasdaq Stock Exchange

All values are in US Dollars.

7. Income tax expenses/(credit)

****	Year ended December 31,			****
****	2022	****	2023	****
****	’000	****	’000	****
PRC Enterprise Income Tax Expense
Current year
Deferred tax		)		)
				)

All values are in US Dollars.

Pursuant to the Tax Concessions Act of the Cayman Islands, the Company has obtained an undertaking from the Governor in Cabinet of the Cayman Islands to the effect that, for a period of 20 years from the date of the undertaking, being March 17, 2021, no law that thereafter is enacted in the Cayman Islands imposing any tax or duty to be levied on profits, income or on gains or appreciation shall apply to our Company or its operations; and that no tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations or which is in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax shall be payable (a) on or in respect of the shares, debentures or other obligations of our Company; or (b) by way of the withholding in whole or in part of any relevant payment as defined in the Tax Concessions Act of the Cayman Islands.

F-16

7. Income tax expenses/(credit) (cont.)

Pursuant to the International Business Companies Act, 1984 (the “IBC Act”) of the British Virgin Islands (the “BVI”), international business companies incorporated pursuant to the IBC Act enjoy a complete exemption from income tax. This includes an exemption from capital gains tax and all forms of withholding tax. Accordingly, the subsidiary incorporated in the BVI are not subject to tax. No Hong Kong profits tax has been provided as there was no assessable profit earned in or derived from Hong Kong for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023.

The National People’s Congress approved the Corporate Income Tax Law of the PRC (the “New CIT Law”) on 16 March 2007 and the State Council has announced the Detailed Implementation Regulations on 6 December 2007, which has been effective since 1 January 2008. According to the New CIT Law, the income tax rates for both domestic and foreign investment enterprises are unified at 25% effective from 1 January 2008. Pursuant to the relevant PRC tax rules and regulations, the Group’s income derived from the tea plantation is subject to preferential income tax rates of 0% – 12.5%.

A reconciliation between income tax expenses and profit before taxation at applicable tax rates is set out below:

****	Year ended December 31,			****
****	2022	****	2023	****
****	’000	****	’000	****
Profit before taxation
Taxation at the applicable tax rate
Tax effect of preferential tax rates for tea plantation in the PRC		)		)
Tax effect of non-deductible expenses
Tax effect of tax losses unrecognized
Over-provision in prior year				)
Income tax expenses/(credit)				)

All values are in US Dollars.

8. Cash and cash equivalents/bank overdraft

****	As of December 31,			****
****	2022	****	2023	****
****	’000	****	’000	****
Cash at banks
Cash on hand
Cash and cash equivalents presented in the consolidated statements of financial position
Bank overdraft		)		)
Cash and cash equivalents presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows

All values are in US Dollars.

9. Trade receivables

****	As of December 31,
****	2022	2023
****	’000	’000
Trade receivables

All values are in US Dollars.

The Group normally allows credit terms of 60 days to its customers. The Group seeks to maintain strict control over its outstanding receivables. Overdue balances are reviewed regularly by the directors.

F-17

Oriental

Rise Holdings Limited Notes to consolidated financial statements For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 (all amounts in thousands of USD, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

9.Trade receivables (cont.)

A concentration analysis on trade receivables from top 5 debtors is as follows:

****	As of December 31,			****
****	2022	****	2023	****
****	’000	****	’000	****
Customer A		%		%
Customer B		%		%
Customer C		%		%
Customer D		%		%
Customer E		%		%
Others		%		%
		%		%

All values are in US Dollars.

10.Inventories

****	As of December 31,
****	2022	2023
****	’000	’000
Raw materials
Packaging and other materials
Growing leaves
Finished goods

All values are in US Dollars.

11.Property, plant and equipment

****	At December 31, 2022
****	Original<br> cost	Accumulated<br> depreciation	Assets net
****	’000	’000	’000
Bearer plant
Buildings
Plant and machinery
Fixtures and equipment
Motor vehicles
Software
Leasehold improvements

All values are in US Dollars.

****	At December 31, 2023
****	Original<br> cost	Accumulated<br> depreciation	Assets net
****	’000	’000	’000
Bearer plant
Buildings
Plant and machinery
Fixtures and equipment
Motor vehicles
Software
Leasehold improvements

All values are in US Dollars.

F-18

Oriental

11.Property, plant and equipment (cont.)

Depreciation

expense for property, plant and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 was USD919,000 and USD1,091,000, respectively.

12.Deposits paid for acquisition of property, plant and equipment

****	As of December 31,
****	2022	2023
****	’000	’000
Deposits paid for acquisition of property, plant and equipment

All values are in US Dollars.

As of December 31, 2022, deposits paid represented the prepaid costs as to the acquisition of bearer plants of 3,000mu (approximately 2,000,000 square meters) in Changguan Village and 2,300mu (approximately 1,533,334 square meters) in Shakengli Village located in Fujian, the PRC.

On February 17, 2023, the Group entered into a supplementary agreement with village committee of Changguan Village pursuant to which it was agreed that RMB27,000,000 (approximately USD3,936,000) which had been prepaid by the Group to the village committee is to be offset against the consideration of RMB30,420,000 (approximately USD4,434,000) for the non-cash acquisition of bearer plant of 1,014mu (approximately 676,000 square meters). The net amount of RMB3,420,000 (approximately USD500,000) was paid in February 2023.

On February 17, 2023, the Group entered into a supplementary agreement with village committee of Shakengli Village pursuant to which it was agreed that RMB20,700,000 (approximately USD3,017,000) which had been prepaid by the Group to the village committee is to be offset against the consideration of RMB24,000,000 (approximately USD3,499,000) for the non-cash acquisition of bearer plan of 800mu (approximately 533,334 square meters). The net amount of RMB3,300,000 (approximately USD483,000) was paid in February 2023.

13.Leases

Below shows the movements of Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities presented in the consolidated statements of financial position:

****	Right-of-use assets	****	Lease liabilities	****
****	’000	****	’000	****
As of 1/1/2022
Depreciation expense		)
Interest expense
Payment				)
Exchange adjustments		)		)
As of 31/12/2022
New lease
Depreciation expense		)
Interest expense
Payment				)
Exchange adjustments		)		)
As of 31/12/2023

All values are in US Dollars.

F-19

Oriental Rise

Holdings Limited Notes to consolidated financial statements For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023 (all amounts in thousands of USD, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

13.Leases (cont.)

The lease liabilities based on their maturity are as follows:

****	As of December 31,
****	2022	2023
****	’000	’000
Analyzed into:
Within one year
In the second to fifth year, inclusive
Over fifth year

All values are in US Dollars.

Leases include prepaid land lease and lease of properties. Prepaid land lease represents the cost of the rights of the use of the land in respect of leasehold land in the PRC, on which the Group’s buildings and tea garden are situated. The prepaid land lease’ terms are 26 to 30 years. The lease terms of properties are 5 to 10 years from inception.

14.Deferred tax assets

The followings presented the category of deferred tax assets recognized by the Group and movements thereon:

****	Tax losses	****	Depreciation	****	Others	****	Total	****
****	’000	****	’000	****	’000	****	’000	****
As of 1/1/2022
Credit for the year
Exchange adjustments		)		)		)		)
As of 31/12/2022
Credit for the year
Exchange adjustments		)		)				)
As of 31/12/2023

All values are in US Dollars.

15.Accruals and other payables

****	As of December 31,
****	2022	2023
****	’000	’000
Wages payables
Other payables and accruals
Deferred government grants
Other tax payables

All values are in US Dollars.

F-20

Oriental

16.Amounts due to related parties

****	As of December 31,
Name of related parties	2022	2023
****	’000	’000
Mr. CHUN SUN WONG
Mr. ZHUO WANG

All values are in US Dollars.

Mr. CHUN SUN WONG is the controlling shareholder of the Group. The amounts due to him are unsecured, interest-free and repayable on demand.

Mr. ZHUO WANG is the shareholder of the Group. The amounts due to Mr. ZHUO WANG are unsecured, interest-free and repayable on demand.

17.Short-term bank borrowings

In March 2023, the Company entered into a 12-month operating loan agreement with Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. The Company received a fund of RMB 1,000,000 (approximately $141,000) with an annual interest rate of 1-year loan prime rate plus 0.5%. The short-term bank borrowing was repaid in March 2024.

18.Share capital and reserves

Ordinary shares

As of December 31, 2022, the Company’s had an authorized share capital of HK$380,000 divided into 38,000,000 authorized ordinary shares with a par value of HK$0.01 each, of which 100 ordinary shares were issued and fully paid with a par value of HK$0.01 per share.

As per the resolution approved by the board of directors and by the members of the Company on January 10, 2023, the authorized share capital of the Company became US$100,000 divided into 100,000,000 shares with a par value of US$0.001 each.

As part of the recapitalization process on January 10, 2023, the company issued a total of 9,599,900 ordinary shares to three co-founding shareholders, namely PLENTIFUL THRIVING LIMITED, AFFLUENT KIND LIMITED, and Deming Zhou. These shares were issued at a nominal consideration of US$0.001 per share.

In accordance with ASC 260, the company has retroactively restated all shares and per share data for the periods presented, taking into consideration of the nominal issuance.

On January 10, 2023, the Company issued a total of 6,400,000 ordinary shares to three new investors, namely WZ GLOBAL (BVI) LIMITED, ECF (BVI) LIMITED and HKC GLOBAL (BVI) LIMITED of a par value of US$0.001 per share. These shares were issued at a consideration of US$0.5 per share resulting in a share premium of approximately US$3,194.000.

On September 27, 2023, the Company subdivided each of the then issued and unissued ordinary shares of a par value of US$0.001 per ordinary share of the Company into 1.25 Ordinary Share of a par value of US$0.0008 per ordinary share of the Company, or the “Subdivision”. As a result of the Subdivision, the total of 16,000,000 issued and outstanding ordinary share of a par value of US$0.001 per ordinary share prior to the Subdivision became 20,000,000 issued and outstanding ordinary shares of a par value of US$0.0008 per ordinary share. Following the Subdivision, existing shareholders maintained their relative ownership interest percentage in the Company. The Subdivision also changed the par value of the ordinary shares from US$0.001 per ordinary share to US$0.0008 per ordinary share, and the authorized share capital of the Company changed from US$100,000 divided into 100,000,000 ordinary shares of a par value of US$0.001 per ordinary share to US$100,000 divided into 125,000,000 ordinary shares of a par value of US$0.0008 per ordinary share.

In accordance with ASC 260, the company has retroactively restated all shares and per share data for the periods presented, taking into consideration of the Subdivision.

F-21

Oriental

18.Share capital and reserves (cont.)

Other reserves

Other reserves as presented in the consolidated statements of financial position represent the sum of merger reserve, capital reserve and statutory reserve as disclosed in the consolidated statement of changes in equity.

Mergerreserve

The merger reserve represents the difference between the nominal value of the share capital of the subsidiaries acquired as a result of the reorganisation and the nominal value of the share capital of the Company issued in exchange thereof.

Capitalreserve

Capital reserve represents the capital contribution by Mr. Wong Chun Sun, the controlling shareholder of the Company, to a subsidiary without allotting and issuing new shares.

Statutoryreserve

In accordance with the PRC Company Law, the PRC subsidiary of the Group is required to allocate 10% of its profit after tax to the statutory surplus reserve (the ‘‘SSR’’) until such reserve reaches 50% of the registered capital of the PRC subsidiary. Subject to certain restrictions set out in the PRC Company Law, part of the SSR may be converted to increase paid-up capital/issued capital of the PRC subsidiary, provided that the remaining balance after the capitalization is not less than 25% of the registered capital. All non-PRC subsidiaries are not required to make appropriation for statutory reserve.

19.Employee retirement benefits

The employees of the Group in the PRC are members of a state-managed pension obligations operated by the PRC Government. The Group is required to contribute a specified percentage of payroll costs as determined by respective local government authority to the pension obligations to fund the benefits. The only obligation of the Group with respect to the retirement benefits scheme is to make the specified contributions under the scheme.

20.Banking facilities

Total banking facilities available to the Group amounting to not less than US$2,570,000 and US$6,519,000 as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023 are secured by:

–	a<br>deed of charge over deposits executed by a related company for the bank overdrafts; and
–	guarantees<br>from a subsidiary of the Company and a director of the Company for the short-term bank borrowings.
---	---

As of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2023, the Group had utilized the facilities in the amount of approximately US$2,565,000 and US$2,686,000 respectively.

F-22

OrientalRise Holdings LimitedNotes to consolidated financial statementsFor the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023(all amounts in thousands of USD, except share and per share data, or as otherwise noted)

21.Dividends

No dividend has been paid or declared by the Company since its date of incorporation.

22.Capital commitments

****	As of December 31,			****
****	2022	****	2023	****
****	’000	****	’000	****
Capital expenditure in respect of acquisition of the contractual management rights:
Total contract sum
Less: Amounts paid and recognized as cost of property, plant and equipment		)		)
Less: Amounts paid and recognized as prepayments on property, plant and equipment		)
Contracted for but not provided in the Consolidated Financial Statement

All values are in US Dollars.

Capital commitments as of December 31, 2022 are mainly related to the acquisition of 5,300 mu (equivalent to approximately 3,533,351 sq. m.) of tea trees situated in the tea gardens. On February 17, 2023, the Group entered into a supplementary agreement with the village committee of Changguan Village, acquiring a tea garden encompassing 1,014mu (approximately 676,000 square meters). This was followed by another supplementary agreement with the village committee of Shakengli Village, acquiring an additional tea garden spanning 800mu (approximately 533,334 square meters). As per the Company, the contractual management rights for the remaining related land lots will be progressively transferred between 2024 and 2025.

23.Contingent liabilities

As of December 31, 2022 and 2023, the Group did not have any significant contingent liabilities.

24.Events after the reporting period

These consolidated financial statements were approved by management and available for issuance on April 30, 2024.

Apart from the events as disclosed elsewhere in the consolidated financial statements, the Group did not have any other material events after the reporting period.

F-23

SIGNATURES

The registrant hereby certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 20-F and that it has duly caused and authorized the undersigned to sign this annual report on its behalf.

Oriental Rise Holdings Limited
By:	/s/ Dezhi Liu
	Name:	Dezhi Liu
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer

Date: May 2, 2024

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.	Description
12.1	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-1(a)
12.2	Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-1(a)
13.1	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
13.2	Certifications of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
23.1	Consent of PKF, an independent registered public accounting firm
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

Exhibit 12.1

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERPURSUANT TO

RULE 13a-14(a) OR RULE 15d-1(a)

I, Dezhi Liu, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this special report on Form 20-F of Oriental<br>Rise Holdings Limited (the “Company”);
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue<br>statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under<br>which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
---	---
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other<br>financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations<br>and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
---	---
4.	The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible<br>for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal<br>control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have:
---	---
(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused<br>such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company,<br>including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which<br>this report is being prepared;
---	---
(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting,<br>or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding<br>the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally<br>accepted accounting principles;
---	---
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure<br>controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures,<br>as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
---	---
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s<br>internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the special report that has materially affected,<br>or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and
---	---
5.	The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed,<br>based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee<br>of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
---	---
(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the<br>design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s<br>ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
---	---
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management<br>or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
---	---

Date: May 02, 2024

By:	/s/ Dezhi Liu
	Name:	Dezhi Liu
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer <br><br>(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 12.2

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICERPURSUANT TO

RULE 13a-14(a) OR RULE 15d-1(a)

I, Bangjie Hu, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this special report on Form 20-F of Oriental<br>Rise Holdings Limited (the “Company”);
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue<br>statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under<br>which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
---	---
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other<br>financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations<br>and cash flows of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
---	---
4.	The Company’s other certifying officer and I are responsible<br>for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal<br>control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Company and have:
---	---
(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused<br>such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Company,<br>including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which<br>this report is being prepared;
---	---
(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting,<br>or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding<br>the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally<br>accepted accounting principles;
---	---
(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure<br>controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures,<br>as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
---	---
(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the Company’s<br>internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by the special report that has materially affected,<br>or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting; and
---	---
5.	The Company’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed,<br>based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Company’s auditors and the audit committee<br>of the Company’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):
---	---
(a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the<br>design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s<br>ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
---	---
(b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management<br>or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
---	---

Date: May 02, 2024

By:	/s/ Bangjie Hu
	Name:	Bangjie Hu
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer <br> (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Exhibit 13.1

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERPURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Special Report of Oriental Rise Holdings Limited (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Dezhi Liu, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1)	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section<br>13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)	The information contained in the Report fairly presents,<br>in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
---	---

Date: May 02, 2024

By:	/s/ Dezhi Liu
	Name:	Dezhi Liu
	Title:	Chief Executive Officer<br><br> (Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 13.2

CERTIFICATION OF THE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICERPURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Special Report of Oriental Rise Holdings Limited (the “Company”) on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2023, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Bangjie Hu, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

(1)	The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section<br>13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)	The information contained in the Report fairly presents,<br>in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
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Date: May 02, 2024

By:	/s/ Bangjie Hu
	Name:	Bangjie Hu
	Title:	Chief Financial Officer <br><br>(Principal Financial and Accounting<br>Officer)

Exhibit23.1

CONSENTOF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the inclusion in this Special Report on Form 20-F of our report dated April 30, 2024 with respect of our audits of the consolidated financial statements of Oriental Rise Holdings Limited as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for each of the two years in the period ended December 31, 2023.

/s/ PKF Littlejohn LLP
London, United Kingdom
May 1, 2024