10-Q

Table of Contents ​

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

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Form 10-Q

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(Mark One)

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☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025

or

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☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

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For the transition period from           to

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Commission File Number: 001-38727

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PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

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​	​	​
Delaware	​	83-1098934
(State or other jurisdiction of	​	(IRS Employer
incorporation or organization)	​	Identification No.)

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​	​	​
3043 Townsgate Road , Westlake Village , California	​	91361
(Address of principal executive offices)	​	(Zip Code)

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( 818 ) 224-7442

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

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Title of each class		Trading Symbol(s)		Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value	​	PFSI	​	New York Stock Exchange

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

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​	​	​
Large accelerated filer ☒	​	Accelerated filer ☐
​	​	​
Non-accelerated filer ☐	​	Smaller reporting company ☐
​	​	​
​	​	Emerging growth company ☐

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If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

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Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

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​	​	​
Class	​	Outstanding at October 24, 2025
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value	​	51,965,474

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Table of Contents ​

PENNYMAC FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.

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FORM 10-Q

September 30, 2025

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

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​	​	​
​		Page
​	Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	3
​	​	​
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION		6
​	​	​
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited):	6
​	Consolidated Balance Sheets	6
​	Consolidated Statements of Income	7
​	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity	8
​	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	9
​	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	11
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	61
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	80
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	82
​	​	​
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION		83
​	​	​
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	83
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	83
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	83
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	83
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	83
Item 5.	Other Information	83
Item 6.	Exhibits	85

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​ 2

Table of Contents ​

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Report”) contains certain forward-looking statements that are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements are generally identifiable by use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “potential,” “intend,” “expect,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “approximately,” “believe,” “could,” “project,” “predict,” “continue,” “plan” or other similar words or expressions.

Forward-looking statements are based on certain assumptions, discuss future expectations, plans and strategies, contain financial and operating projections or state other forward-looking information. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the following:

●	projections of our revenues, income, earnings per share, capital structure or other financial items;
●	descriptions of our plans or objectives for future operations, products or services;
---	---
●	forecasts of our future economic performance, interest rates, profit margins and prepayment rates;
---	---
●	discussions of our expectations regarding various macroeconomic factors, including variability in the economy or the impact of current and future regulations and legislation on our business; and
---	---
●	descriptions of assumptions underlying or relating to any of the foregoing expectations regarding the timing of generating any revenues.
---	---

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Our ability to predict results or the actual effect of future events, actions, plans or strategies is inherently uncertain. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. There are several factors, many of which are beyond our control that could cause actual results to differ significantly from management’s expectations. Some of these factors are discussed below.

You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement and should consider the following uncertainties and risks, as well as the risks and uncertainties discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”), the section entitled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 19, 2025 and in our other SEC filings.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical results or those anticipated include, but are not limited to:

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●	interest rate changes;

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●	changes in real estate values, housing prices and housing sales;
●	changes in macroeconomic, consumer and real estate market conditions;
---	---
●	a prolonged federal government shutdown could increase loan delinquencies, delay the processing of government loan applications and make it more difficult for customers in flood-prone areas to procure government-backed insurance;
---	---
●	the continually changing federal, state and local laws and regulations applicable to the highly regulated industry in which we operate;
---	---
●	lawsuits or governmental actions that may result from any noncompliance with the laws and regulations applicable to our business;
---	---

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●	the mortgage lending and servicing-related regulations promulgated by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and its enforcement of these regulations;
●	the licensing and operational requirements of states and other jurisdictions applicable to our business, to which our bank competitors are not subject;
---	---
●	changes to government modification programs;
---	---
●	foreclosure delays and changes in foreclosure practices;
---	---
●	difficulties inherent in adjusting the size of our operations to reflect changes in business levels;
---	---
●	purchase opportunities for mortgage servicing rights;
---	---
●	our substantial amount of indebtedness;
---	---
●	increases in loan delinquencies, defaults and forbearances;
---	---
●	our dependence on U.S. government-sponsored entities and changes in their current roles or their guarantees or guidelines;
---	---
●	our ability to manage third party vendors and mortgage investor requirements;
---	---
●	our exposure to counterparties that do not fulfill contractual obligations, including their obligation to indemnify us or repurchase defective mortgage loans;
---	---
●	our reliance on PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust (NYSE: PMT) as a significant contributor to our mortgage banking business;
---	---
●	maintaining sufficient capital and liquidity and compliance with financial covenants;
---	---
●	our obligation to indemnify third-party purchasers or repurchase loans if loans that we originate, acquire, service or assist in the fulfillment of fail to meet certain criteria;
---	---
●	our obligation to indemnify PMT if our services fail to meet certain criteria or characteristics or under other circumstances;
---	---
●	changes in investment management and incentive fees;
---	---
●	conflicts of interest in allocating our services and investment opportunities among us and our advised entity;
---	---
●	our ability to mitigate cybersecurity risks, cyber incidents and technology disruptions;
---	---
●	the effect of public opinion on our reputation;
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●	our exposure to risks of loss and disruptions in operations resulting from severe weather events, man-made or other natural conditions, including climate change and pandemics;
●	our ability to effectively identify, manage and hedge our credit, interest rate, prepayment, liquidity and climate risks;
---	---
●	our initiation or expansion of new business activities or strategies;
---	---
●	our ability to detect misconduct and fraud;
---	---
●	our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders; and
---	---
●	our organizational structure and certain requirements in our charter documents.
---	---

Other factors that could also cause results to differ from our expectations may not be described in this Report or any other document. Each of these factors could by itself, or together with one or more other factors, adversely affect our business, results of operations and/or financial condition.

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date the forward-looking statement was made.

​ 5

Table of Contents PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

PENNYMAC FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

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​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	****	September 30,		​	December 31,
​	****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands, except share amounts)
ASSETS	​	​	​	​	​	​
Cash	​	$	621,921	​	$	238,482
Short-term investment at fair value	​	​	62,228	​	​	420,553
Principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities at fair value pledged to creditors	​	​	774,021	​	​	825,865
Loans held for sale at fair value (includes $7,433,850 and $8,140,834 pledged to creditors)	​	​	7,490,473	​	​	8,217,468
Derivative assets from non-affiliates	​	​	200,303	​	​	113,076
Derivative assets from PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	1,779	​	​	—
Servicing advances, net (includes valuation allowance of $86,180 and $85,788; $261,752 and $357,939 pledged to creditors)	​	​	396,006	​	​	568,512
Mortgage servicing rights at fair value (includes $9,440,264 and $8,609,388 pledged to creditors)	​	​	9,653,942	​	​	8,744,528
Investment in PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust at fair value	​	​	920	​	​	944
Receivable from PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	40,165	​	​	30,206
Loans eligible for repurchase	​	​	5,416,967	​	​	6,157,172
Other (includes $11,848 and $16,697 pledged to creditors)	​	​	742,395	​	​	770,081
Total assets	​	$	25,401,120	​	$	26,086,887
LIABILITIES	​	​	​	​	​	​
Assets sold under agreements to repurchase	​	$	7,130,423	​	$	8,685,207
Mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements	​	​	699,182	​	​	496,512
Notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets	​	​	1,325,716	​	​	2,048,972
Unsecured senior notes	​	​	4,829,113	​	​	3,164,032
Derivative liabilities to non-affiliates	​	​	17,179	​	​	40,900
Derivative liabilities to PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	7,097	​	​	—
Mortgage servicing liabilities at fair value	​	​	1,593	​	​	1,683
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	​	​	476,094	​	​	354,414
Payable to PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	80,605	​	​	122,317
Payable to exchanged Private National Mortgage Acceptance Company, LLC unitholders under tax receivable agreement	​	​	24,806	​	​	25,898
Income taxes payable	​	​	1,151,395	​	​	1,131,000
Liability for loans eligible for repurchase	​	​	5,416,967	​	​	6,157,172
Liability for losses under representations and warranties	​	​	33,064	​	​	29,129
Total liabilities	​	​	21,193,234	​	​	22,257,236
​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Commitments and contingencies – Note 18	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	​	​	​	​	​	​
Common stock—authorized 200,000,000 shares of $0.0001 par value; issued and outstanding, 51,875,223 and 51,376,616 shares, respectively	​	​	5	​	​	5
Additional paid-in capital	​	​	86,680	​	​	56,072
Retained earnings	​	​	4,121,201	​	​	3,773,574
Total stockholders' equity	​	​	4,207,886	​	​	3,829,651
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	​	$	25,401,120	​	$	26,086,887

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 6

Table of Contents PENNYMAC FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					****	Nine months ended September 30,
​	​	2025		​	2024		****	2025		​	2024
​	​	(in thousands, except earnings per share)
Revenues	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
From non-affiliates	​	$	297,001	​	$	254,313	​	$	740,784	​	$	593,644
From PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	17,454	​	​	2,506	​	​	29,367	​	​	1,680
​	​	​	314,455	​	​	256,819	​	​	770,151	​	​	595,324
Loan origination fees:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
From non-affiliates	​	​	61,138	​	​	48,323	​	​	165,861	​	​	125,979
From PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	558	​	​	1,107	​	​	1,537	​	​	1,897
​	​	​	61,696	​	​	49,430	​	​	167,398	​	​	127,876
Fulfillment fees from PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	6,162	​	​	11,492	​	​	17,266	​	​	19,935
Net loan servicing fees:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Loan servicing fees:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
From non-affiliates	​	​	460,360	​	​	393,457	​	​	1,313,564	​	​	1,126,523
From PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	21,012	​	​	22,240	​	​	64,386	​	​	62,766
Other	​	​	53,734	​	​	46,340	​	​	152,291	​	​	137,628
​	​	​	535,106	​	​	462,037	​	​	1,530,241	​	​	1,326,917
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights and mortgage servicing liabilities	​	​	(392,174)	​	​	(628,258)	​	​	(1,070,300)	​	​	(758,158)
Mortgage servicing rights hedging results	​	​	98,306	​	​	242,051	​	​	95,978	​	​	(224,371)
​	​	​	(293,868)	​	​	(386,207)	​	​	(974,322)	​	​	(982,529)
Net loan servicing fees	​	​	241,238	​	​	75,830	​	​	555,919	​	​	344,388
Management fees from PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	6,912	​	​	7,153	​	​	20,793	​	​	21,474
Net interest (expense) income:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest income	​	​	248,753	​	​	225,470	​	​	660,553	​	​	582,707
Interest expense	​	​	249,900	​	​	217,597	​	​	697,559	​	​	591,237
Net interest (expense) income	​	​	(1,147)	​	​	7,873	​	​	(37,006)	​	​	(8,530)
Results of real estate acquired in settlement of loans	​	​	(981)	​	​	(269)	​	​	(1,159)	​	​	330
Change in fair value of investment in and dividends received from <br>PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	(15)	​	​	68	​	​	65	​	​	38
Repricing of payable to exchanged Private National Mortgage Acceptance Company, LLC unitholders under tax receivable agreement	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	1,092	​	​	—
Other	​	​	4,578	​	​	3,438	​	​	14,012	​	​	22,786
Total net revenues	​	​	632,898	​	​	411,834	​	​	1,508,531	​	​	1,123,621
Expenses	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Compensation	​	​	205,314	​	​	171,316	​	​	574,843	​	​	459,648
Loan origination	​	​	69,407	​	​	45,208	​	​	182,339	​	​	116,046
Technology	​	​	44,772	​	​	37,059	​	​	127,226	​	​	108,716
Servicing	​	​	29,105	​	​	28,885	​	​	79,266	​	​	67,909
Marketing and advertising	​	​	14,016	​	​	5,088	​	​	35,837	​	​	14,204
Professional services	​	​	10,145	​	​	9,339	​	​	27,562	​	​	28,005
Occupancy and equipment	​	​	8,604	​	​	8,156	​	​	25,365	​	​	24,725
Other	​	​	15,161	​	​	12,858	​	​	39,081	​	​	32,706
Total expenses	​	​	396,524	​	​	317,909	​	​	1,091,519	​	​	851,959
Income before provision for income taxes	​	​	236,374	​	​	93,925	​	​	417,012	​	​	271,662
Provision for income taxes	​	​	54,871	​	​	24,557	​	​	22,766	​	​	64,728
Net income	​	$	181,503	​	$	69,368	​	$	394,246	​	$	206,934
Earnings per share	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Basic	​	$	3.51	​	$	1.36	​	$	7.64	​	$	4.07
Diluted	​	$	3.37	​	$	1.30	​	$	7.34	​	$	3.88
Weighted average shares outstanding	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Basic	​	​	51,730	​	​	51,180	​	​	51,635	​	​	50,895
Diluted	​	​	53,879	​	​	53,495	​	​	53,734	​	​	53,274

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The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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​ 7

Table of Contents PENNYMAC FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30, 2025
​	​	​	​	​		​	Additional		​	​		​	Total
​	​	Number of	​	Par		​	paid-in		​	Retained		​	stockholders'
​	****	shares	****	value		****	capital		****	earnings		****	equity
​	​	(in thousands)
Balance, June 30, 2025	​	51,672	​	$	5	​	$	76,991	​	$	3,955,504	​	$	4,032,500
Net income	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	181,503	​	​	181,503
Stock-based compensation	​	252	​	​	—	​	​	14,370	​	​	—	​	​	14,370
Issuance of common stock in settlement of directors' fees	​	1	​	​	—	​	​	58	​	​	—	​	​	58
Repurchase of common stock	​	(50)	​	​	—	​	​	(4,739)	​	​	—	​	​	(4,739)
Common stock dividend ($0.30 per share)	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(15,806)	​	​	(15,806)
Balance, September 30, 2025	​	51,875	​	$	5	​	$	86,680	​	$	4,121,201	​	$	4,207,886

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30, 2024
​	​	​	​	​		​	Additional		​	​		​	Total
​	​	Number of	​	Par		​	paid-in		​	Retained		​	stockholders'
​	****	shares	****	value		****	capital		****	earnings		****	equity
​	​	(in thousands)
Balance, June 30, 2024	​	51,017	​	$	5	​	$	30,053	​	$	3,631,060	​	$	3,661,118
Net income	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	69,368	​	​	69,368
Stock-based compensation	​	240	​	​	—	​	​	24,305	​	​	—	​	​	24,305
Issuance of common stock in settlement of directors' fees	​	1	​	​	—	​	​	57	​	​	—	​	​	57
Common stock dividend ($0.30 per share)	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(15,670)	​	​	(15,670)
Balance, September 30, 2024	​	51,258	​	$	5	​	$	54,415	​	$	3,684,758	​	$	3,739,178

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Nine months ended September 30, 2025
​	​	​	​	​		​	Additional		​	​		​	Total
​	​	Number of	​	Par		​	paid-in		​	Retained		​	stockholders'
​	****	shares	****	value		****	capital		****	earnings		****	equity
​	​	(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2024	​	51,377	​	$	5	​	$	56,072	​	$	3,773,574	​	$	3,829,651
Net income	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	394,246	​	​	394,246
Stock-based compensation	​	546	​	​	—	​	​	35,174	​	​	—	​	​	35,174
Issuance of common stock in settlement of directors' fees	​	2	​	​	—	​	​	173	​	​	—	​	​	173
Repurchase of common stock	​	(50)	​	​	—	​	​	(4,739)	​	​	—	​	​	(4,739)
Common stock dividends ($0.90 per share)	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(46,619)	​	​	(46,619)
Balance, September 30, 2025	​	51,875	​	$	5	​	$	86,680	​	$	4,121,201	​	$	4,207,886

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Nine months ended September 30, 2024
​	​	​	​	​		​	Additional		​	​		​	Total
​	​	Number of	​	Par		​	paid-in		​	Retained		​	stockholders'
​	****	shares	****	value		****	capital		****	earnings		****	equity
​	​	(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2023	​	50,179	​	$	5	​	$	24,287	​	$	3,514,311	​	$	3,538,603
Net income	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	206,934	​	​	206,934
Stock-based compensation	​	1,077	​	​	—	​	​	29,929	​	​	—	​	​	29,929
Issuance of common stock in settlement of directors' fees	​	2	​	​	—	​	​	199	​	​	—	​	​	199
Common stock dividends ($0.70 per share)	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(36,487)	​	​	(36,487)
Balance, September 30, 2024	​	51,258	​	$	5	​	$	54,415	​	$	3,684,758	​	$	3,739,178

​

​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

​ 8

Table of Contents PENNYMAC FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Cash flow from operating activities	​	​	​	​	​	​
Net income	​	$	394,246	​	$	206,934
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value	​	​	(770,151)	​	​	(595,324)
Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights and mortgage servicing liabilities	​	​	1,070,300	​	​	758,158
Mortgage servicing rights hedging results	​	​	(95,978)	​	​	224,371
Accrual of unearned discounts on principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities	​	​	(31,676)	​	​	(29,219)
Capitalization of interest on loans held for sale	​	​	(1,839)	​	​	(362)
Amortization of debt issuance costs	​	​	24,835	​	​	21,860
Results of real estate acquired in settlement in loans	​	​	1,159	​	​	(330)
Change in fair value of investment in common shares of <br> PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	24	​	​	51
Repricing of payable to exchanged Private National Mortgage Acceptance Company, LLC unitholders under tax receivable agreement	​	​	(1,092)	​	​	—
Stock-based compensation expense	​	​	28,531	​	​	21,314
Provision for servicing advance losses	​	​	22,100	​	​	13,974
Depreciation and amortization	​	​	41,583	​	​	42,165
Impairment of capitalized software	​	​	4,333	​	​	—
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	​	​	10,555	​	​	10,256
Purchase of loans held for sale from PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	(52,856,500)	​	​	(57,502,461)
Purchase of loans held for sale from non-affiliates	​	​	(26,920,281)	​	​	(1,933,158)
Origination of loans held for sale	​	​	(18,739,010)	​	​	(12,069,838)
Purchase of loans from Ginnie Mae securities and early buyout investors	​	​	(3,412,426)	​	​	(2,379,099)
Sale to non-affiliates and principal payment of loans held for sale	​	​	95,792,613	​	​	70,706,054
Sale of loans held for sale to PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	5,673,014	​	​	191,250
Repurchase of loans subject to representations and warranties	​	​	(77,071)	​	​	(70,700)
Decrease in servicing advances	​	​	7,508	​	​	194,088
Increase in receivable from PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	(16,256)	​	​	(5,451)
Sale of real estate acquired in settlement of loans	​	​	53,576	​	​	37,840
Increase in other assets	​	​	(53,288)	​	​	(42,377)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable and accrued expenses	​	​	117,010	​	​	(106,125)
Decrease in operating lease liabilities	​	​	(13,846)	​	​	(13,359)
Decrease in payable to PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	(35,099)	​	​	(127,710)
Increase in income taxes payable	​	​	20,395	​	​	62,664
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	​	​	237,269	​	​	(2,384,534)

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Statements continue on the next page

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​ 9

Table of Contents PENNYMAC FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.

(Continued)

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

​

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Cash flow from investing activities	​	​	​	​	​	​
Decrease (increase) in short-term investment	​	​	358,325	​	​	(657,666)
Purchase of principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities	​	​	—	​	​	(935,356)
Repayment of principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities	​	​	119,258	​	​	36,506
Sale of interest-only stripped mortgage-backed securities	​	​	—	​	​	121,520
Net settlement of derivative financial instruments used for hedging of <br>mortgage servicing rights	​	​	143,439	​	​	(210,157)
Sale of mortgage servicing rights to non-affiliates	​	​	165,162	​	​	—
Sale of mortgage servicing rights to PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	1,895	​	​	—
Acquisition of capitalized software	​	​	(24,484)	​	​	(13,001)
Purchase of furniture, fixtures, equipment and leasehold improvements	​	​	(3,751)	​	​	(1,467)
Increase in margin deposits	​	​	(133,835)	​	​	(99,989)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	​	​	626,009	​	​	(1,759,610)
Cash flow from financing activities	​	​	​	​	​	​
Sale of assets under agreements to repurchase	​	​	101,562,221	​	​	77,065,706
Repurchase of assets sold under agreements to repurchase	​	​	(103,118,313)	​	​	(74,225,451)
Issuance of mortgage loan participation purchase and sale certificates	​	​	18,936,637	​	​	17,117,748
Repayment of mortgage loan participation purchase and sale certificates	​	​	(18,733,607)	​	​	(17,046,112)
Issuance of notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets	​	​	525,000	​	​	725,000
Repayment of notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets	​	​	(1,250,000)	​	​	(875,000)
Issuance of unsecured senior notes	​	​	2,350,000	​	​	650,000
Repayment of unsecured senior notes	​	​	(650,000)	​	​	—
Payment of debt issuance costs	​	​	(57,062)	​	​	(32,432)
Issuance of common stock by exercise of stock options	​	​	10,406	​	​	18,016
Payment of withholding taxes relating to stock-based compensation	​	​	(3,763)	​	​	(9,401)
Payment of dividends to holders of common stock	​	​	(46,619)	​	​	(36,487)
Repurchase of common stock	​	​	(4,739)	​	​	—
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	​	​	(479,839)	​	​	3,351,587
Net increase (decrease) in cash	​	​	383,439	​	​	(792,557)
Cash at beginning of period	​	​	238,482	​	​	938,371
Cash at end of period	​	$	621,921	​	$	145,814
Supplemental cash flow information:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Cash paid for interest	​	$	700,541	​	$	571,461
Cash paid for income taxes, net	​	$	2,371	​	$	2,064
Non-cash investing activities:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Mortgage servicing rights received from loan sales	​	$	2,165,213	​	$	1,532,709
Unsettled portion of MSR sales	​	$	18,352	​	$	—
Exchange of mortgage servicing spread for interest-only stripped mortgage-backed securities	​	$	—	​	$	121,520
Operating right-of-use assets recognized	​	$	13,622	​	$	1,388
Non-cash financing activities:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Issuance of common stock in settlement of directors' fees	​	$	173	​	$	199

​

​

​

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. 10

Table of Contents PENNYMAC FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

​

Note 1—Organization

​

PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. (together, with its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise, “PFSI” or the “Company”) is a holding corporation and its primary assets are equity interests in Private National Mortgage Acceptance Company, LLC (“PNMAC”). The Company is the managing member of PNMAC, and it operates and controls all of the businesses and consolidates the financial results of PNMAC and its subsidiaries.

​

PNMAC is a Delaware limited liability company which, through its subsidiaries, engages in mortgage banking and investment management activities. PNMAC’s mortgage banking activities consist of residential mortgage loan production and servicing. PNMAC’s investment management activities and a portion of its mortgage banking activities are conducted on behalf of PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust, a real estate investment trust that invests in residential mortgage-related assets that is separately listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “PMT”. PNMAC’s primary wholly owned subsidiaries are:

​

●

PennyMac Loan Services, LLC (“PLS”) — a Delaware limited liability company that services portfolios of residential mortgage loans on behalf of non-affiliates and PMT, purchases, originates and sells new prime credit quality residential mortgage loans and engages in other mortgage banking activities for its own account and the account of PMT. PLS has mortgage banking services, loan servicing, mortgage loan purchase and mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) recapture agreements with PMT.

​

PLS is approved as an issuer of securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) and as a seller/servicer of mortgage loans by the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”). PLS is a licensed Federal Housing Administration Nonsupervised Title II Lender with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”) and a lender/servicer with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Agriculture (each of the above an “Agency” and collectively the “Agencies”).

​

●	PNMAC Capital Management, LLC (“PCM”) — a Delaware limited liability company registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. PCM has a management agreement with PMT.

​

Note 2—Basis of Presentation and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

​

Basis of Presentation

​

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in compliance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) as codified in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification for interim financial information and with the SEC’s instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, these consolidated financial statements and notes do not include all of the information required by GAAP for complete financial statements. This interim consolidated information should be read together with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

​

The accompanying consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, income, and cash flows for the interim periods presented, but are not necessarily indicative of income that may be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2025. Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

​

Preparation of financial statements in compliance with GAAP requires the Company to make judgments and estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results will likely differ from those estimates.

​ 11

Table of Contents

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncement

​

Income Tax Disclosures

​

The FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), that is intended to enhance the level of detail and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires disclosures of:

​

●	Reconciliation of the expected tax at the applicable statutory federal income tax rate to the reported tax in a tabular format, using both percentages and amounts, broken out into specific categories with certain reconciling items of five percent or greater of the expected tax further broken out by nature and/or jurisdiction; and

​

●	Income taxes paid, net of refunds received, broken out between federal and state and local income taxes. Payments to individual jurisdictions representing five percent or more of the total income tax payments must also be separately disclosed.

​

The disclosures specified by ASU 2023-09 are required in the Company’s annual financial statements beginning with the year ended December 31, 2025.

​

​

Note 3—Concentration of Risk

​

A portion of the Company’s activities relate to PMT. Revenues generated from PMT (generally comprised of gains on loans held for sale, loan origination and fulfillment fees, loan servicing fees, management fees, change in fair value of investment in and dividends received from PMT, and expense allocations charged to PMT) totaled 9% and 11% of total net revenues for the quarters ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 9% and 10% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

​

The Company maintains cash and short-term investment balances at financial institutions in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. Should one or more of the financial institutions at which the Company’s deposits are maintained fail, there is no guarantee as to the extent that the Company would recover the funds deposited, whether through FDIC coverage or otherwise, or the timing of any recovery.

​

Note 4—Variable Interest Entities

​

The Company entered into securitization transactions in which PLS transfers participation certificates in its Ginnie Mae and Fannie Mae MSRs to variable interest entities (“VIEs”) that issue variable funding notes (“VFNs”) to PLS and term debt backed by the participation certificates. PLS finances the VFNs by selling them under agreements to repurchase. The Company acts as guarantor of the VFNs and term debt. The Company determined that it is the primary beneficiary of the VIEs because as the holder of the VFNs and guarantor of the VFNs and term debt, it holds the variable interests in the VIEs. Therefore, PFSI consolidates the VIEs.

​

For financial reporting purposes, the MSRs financed by the consolidated VIEs are included in Mortgage servicing rights at fair value, the financing of VFNs is included in Assets sold under agreements to repurchase and the term debt is included in Notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. This financing is detailed in Note 14 – Short-Term Debt and Note 15 – Long-Term Debt.

​ 12

Table of Contents Note 5—Related Party Transactions

​

PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust

​

Operating Activities

​

Mortgage Loan Production Activities and MSR Recapture

​

Mortgage Loan Purchase Agreement

​

The Company sells newly originated loans to PMT under a mortgage loan purchase agreement. The Company has typically utilized the mortgage loan purchase agreement for the purpose of selling to PMT conforming balance non-government insured or guaranteed loans, as well as prime jumbo residential mortgage loans.

​

MSR Recapture Agreement

​

Pursuant to the terms of an MSR recapture agreement by and between the Company and PMT, if the Company refinances (recaptures) mortgage loans for which PMT holds the MSRs, the Company is generally required to transfer and convey to PMT cash in an amount equal to:

​

●	70% of the fair market value of the MSRs relating to the recaptured loans subject to the first 30% of the “recapture rate”;

​

●	50% of the fair market value of the MSRs relating to the recaptured loans subject to the “recapture rate” in excess of 30% and up to 50%;

​

●	40% of the fair market value of the MSRs relating to the recaptured loans subject to the “recapture rate” in excess of 50%; and

​

●	a recapture fee of $900 per loan if PLS originates a mortgage loan for the purpose of purchasing a property where the customer has or had a mortgage loan for which PMT holds or held the MSR.

​

The “recapture rate” means, during each month, the ratio of (i) the aggregate unpaid principal balance of all refinance mortgage loans originated in such month, plus the aggregate unpaid principal balance of all “preserved mortgage loans” relating to closed end second lien loans originated in such month, to (ii) the aggregate unpaid principal balance of all mortgage loans from the portfolio that PLS has determined in good faith were refinanced in such month, plus the aggregate unpaid principal balance of all “preserved mortgage loans” in such month. For purposes of such calculation, “preserved mortgage loan” means a mortgage loan in PMT’s portfolio as to which PLS or its affiliates originated a new closed end second lien loan in a subordinate position to such mortgage loan. The Company has further agreed to allocate resources sufficient to target a recapture rate of at least 30%.

​

Through 2024, the MSR recapture agreement required the Company to transfer cash to PMT in an amount equal to:

​

●	40% of the fair market value of the MSRs relating to the recaptured loans subject to the first 15% of the “recapture rate”;

​

●	35% of the fair market value of the MSRs relating to the recaptured loans subject to the “recapture rate” in excess of 15% and up to 30%; and

​

●	30% of the fair market value of the MSRs relating to the recaptured loans subject to the “recapture rate” in excess of 30%.

​ 13

Table of Contents The “recapture rate” meant, during each month, the ratio of (i) the aggregate unpaid principal balance of all recaptured mortgage loans, to (ii) the aggregate unpaid principal balance of all mortgage loans for which the Company held the MSRs and that were refinanced or otherwise paid off in such month.

​

The MSR recapture agreement expires on December 31, 2029, subject to automatic renewal for an additional 18-month period unless terminated in accordance with the terms of the agreement.

​

Mortgage Banking Services Agreement

​

The Company has a mortgage banking services agreement with PMT. Under the mortgage banking services agreement, the Company provides PMT with certain mortgage banking services, including fulfillment and disposition-related services, for which it receives a monthly fulfillment fee. The mortgage banking services agreement was renewed and amended to provide for the Company to assume the role of initial correspondent loan purchaser, in place of PMT, effective July 1, 2025. Under the mortgage banking services agreement, PMT retains the right to purchase up to 100% of the non-government insured or guaranteed loans purchased by the Company through its correspondent operations at the Company’s cost plus accrued interest, less any loan administrative fees paid to the Company by the correspondent sellers and subject to quarterly fulfillment fee charges as described below. The Company may hold or otherwise sell correspondent loans to other investors if PMT chooses not to purchase such loans. As a result of the new structure, the sourcing fee arrangement described below no longer has any effect for commitments to purchase correspondent loans made on or after July 1, 2025.

​

Fulfillment Fees

​

Pursuant to the terms of a mortgage banking services agreement, the fulfillment fees shall not exceed the following:

​

●

the number of non-Ginnie Mae loan commitments issued during the quarter after applying a pull-through factor of either .99 or .80 depending on whether the loan commitments are subject to a “mandatory trade confirmation” or a “best efforts lock confirmation”, respectively, and then multiplied by $585 for each pull-through adjusted loan commitment up to and including 16,500 per quarter and $355 for each pull-through adjusted loan commitment in excess of 16,500 per quarter, and then multiplied by a ratio of (i) the number of loan commitments relating to loans intended to be purchased by PMT during the quarter and thereafter retained by PMT prior to sale or securitization, to (ii) the total number of non-Ginnie Mae loan commitments issued during the quarter (as determined after applying the applicable pull-through factor to each such non-Ginnie Mae loan commitment), plus

​

●

$315 multiplied by the number of purchased loans up to and including 16,500 per quarter and $195 multiplied by the number of purchased loans in excess of 16,500 per quarter, multiplied by a ratio of (i) the number of loans purchased by PMT during the quarter and thereafter retained by PMT prior to sale or securitization, to (ii) the total number of non-Ginnie Mae loans purchased during the quarter, plus

​

●

$500 multiplied by the number of all purchased loans that are securitized or sold to parties other than Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac; provided however, that no fulfillment fee shall be due or payable to the Company with respect to any Ginnie Mae mortgage loans, any Fannie Mae mortgage loan or Freddie Mac mortgage loan acquired from PMT by the Company on a discretionary basis, or any mortgage loan acquired by PMT from the Company on or before June 30, 2025, provided that supplemental fees may still be charged in connection with the securitization or sale of any such mortgage loans.

​

Through 2024, the mortgage banking services agreement provided for a quarterly fulfillment fee not to exceed the following:

​

●

the number of loan commitments issued multiplied by a pull-through factor of either .99 or .80 depending on whether the loan commitments were subject to a “mandatory trade confirmation” or a “best efforts lock confirmation”, respectively, and then multiplied by $585 for each pull-through adjusted loan commitment up to and including 16,500 loan commitments per quarter and $355 for each pull-through adjusted loan commitment in excess of 16,500 per quarter, plus

​ 14

Table of Contents

●	$315 multiplied by the number of purchased loans that were sold to Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac up to and including 16,500 loans per quarter and $195 multiplied by the number of such purchased loans in excess of 16,500 per quarter, plus

​

●	$750 multiplied by the number of all purchased loans that are sold or securitized to parties other than Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac; provided, however, that no fulfillment fee was due or payable to PLS with respect to any Ginnie Mae loans and certain Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac loans acquired by PLS.

​

Sourcing Fees

​

PMT does not hold the Ginnie Mae approval required to issue Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) and act as a servicer. Accordingly, through June 30, 2025, under the agreement, the Company purchased mortgage loans underwritten in accordance with the Ginnie Mae MBS Guide “as is” and without recourse of any kind from PMT at PMT’s cost less an administrative fee plus accrued interest and sourcing fee ranging from one to two basis points of the unpaid principal balance (“UPB”) of the loan, generally based on the average number of calendar days the loans were held by PMT before purchase by the Company.

​

While the Company purchased these mortgage loans “as is” and without recourse of any kind from PMT, where the Company has a claim for repurchase, indemnity or otherwise against a correspondent seller, it is entitled, at its sole expense, to pursue any such claim through or in the name of PMT. Beginning July 1, 2025, when the Company became the initial purchaser of correspondent loans, the sourcing fee was discontinued.

​

The mortgage banking services agreement expires on December 31, 2029, subject to automatic renewal for an additional 18-month period unless terminated in accordance with the terms of the agreement.

​

Following is a summary of loan production and MSR recapture activities, between the Company and PMT:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Net gains on loans sold to PMT (primarily cash)	​	$	20,799	​	$	2,947	​	$	35,394	​	$	2,947
Mortgage servicing rights recapture incurred	​	​	(3,345)	​	​	(441)	​	​	(6,027)	​	​	(1,267)
​	​	$	17,454	​	$	2,506	​	$	29,367	​	$	1,680
Sale of loans held for sale to PMT	​	$	3,983,322	​	$	191,250	​	$	5,673,014	​	$	191,250
UPB of loans recaptured	​	$	205,054	​	$	71,370	​	$	547,577	​	$	207,651
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Tax service fees earned from PMT included in Loan origination fees	​	$	558	​	$	1,107	​	$	1,537	​	$	1,897
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Fulfillment fee revenue		$	6,162		$	11,492		$	17,266	​	$	19,935
Unpaid principal balance of loans fulfilled for PMT subject to fulfillment fees (1)	​	$	3,343,181	​	$	5,948,057	​	$	9,210,743	​	$	9,949,135
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Sourcing fees included in cost of loans purchased from PMT	​	$	531	​	$	1,994	​	$	5,204	​	$	5,649
Unpaid principal balance of loans purchased from PMT:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Government guaranteed or insured	​	$	3,081,974	​	$	11,843,268	​	$	27,060,094	​	$	30,200,608
Conventional conforming	​	​	2,322,914	​	​	8,092,380	​	​	24,984,726	​	​	26,289,016
​	​	$	5,404,888	​	$	19,935,648	​	$	52,044,820	​	$	56,489,624
(1)	Amounts include both loans purchased directly by PMT and loans purchased from the Company under the fulfillment agreement.
---	---

​ 15

Table of Contents Servicing Agreement

​

The Company and PMT have entered into a loan servicing agreement (the “Servicing Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company provides subservicing for PMT’s MSRs and servicing for its portfolio of residential mortgage loans.

​

●

The base servicing fees for mortgage loans are established at a monthly per-loan dollar amount. Through September 30, 2025, the base servicing fee rates were $7.50 per month for fixed-rate loans and $8.50 per month for adjustable-rate loans. Effective October 1, 2025, the base servicing fees for mortgage loans will be reduced to $7.00 per month for fixed-rate loans and $8.00 per month for adjustable-rate loans.

​

●

To the extent that mortgage loans become delinquent, the Company is entitled to an additional servicing fee per loan ranging from $18 to $80 per month based on the delinquency, bankruptcy and foreclosure status of the loan or $75 per month if the underlying mortgaged property becomes real estate acquired in settlement of loans (“REO”). The Company is also entitled to customary ancillary income and certain market-based fees and charges, including boarding and deboarding fees, liquidation and disposition fees, assumption, modification and origination fees and a percentage of late charges.

​

Following is a summary of loan servicing fees earned from PMT:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Base fees	​	$	19,032	​	$	19,243	​	$	57,386	​	$	57,621
Other fees	​	​	1,980	​	​	2,997	​	​	7,000	​	​	5,145
​	​	$	21,012	​	$	22,240	​	$	64,386	​	$	62,766

​

Through 2024, the loan servicing fees were established based on whether the serviced loans were “prime” loans (loans included in PMT’s MSRs, private label securitization portfolios and its inventory of loans held for sale) or “special servicing” loans (loans purchased by PMT with credit deterioration) as follows:

​

Prime Servicing

​

●	The base servicing fees for prime loans were calculated through a monthly per-loan dollar amount, with the actual dollar amount for each loan based on whether the loan was a fixed-rate or adjustable-rate loan. The base servicing fee rates were $7.50 per month for fixed-rate loans and $8.50 per month for adjustable-rate loans.

​

●

To the extent that prime loans became delinquent, the Company was entitled to an additional servicing fee per loan ranging from $10 to $55 per month based on the delinquency, bankruptcy and foreclosure status of the loan or $75 per month if the underlying mortgaged property became REO. The Company was also entitled to customary ancillary income and certain market-based fees and charges, including boarding and deboarding fees, liquidation and disposition fees, assumption, modification and origination fees and a percentage of late charges.

​

Special Servicing

​

●	The base servicing fee rates for special servicing loans ranged from $30 per month for current loans up to $95 per month for loans in foreclosure proceedings. The base servicing fee rate for REO was $75 per month. The Company also received a supplemental servicing fee of $25 per month for each special servicing loan.

​

●	The Company received activity-based fees for modifications, foreclosures and liquidations that it facilitated with respect to special servicing loans, as well as other market-based refinancing and loan disposition fees.

​

The Servicing Agreement expires on December 31, 2029, subject to automatic renewal for an additional 18-month period unless terminated in accordance with the terms of the agreement. 16

Table of Contents ​

Management Agreement

​

The Company has a management agreement with PMT (the “Management Agreement”), pursuant to which the Company oversees PMT’s business affairs in conformity with PMT’s investment policies for which the Company collects a base management fee and may collect a performance incentive fee. The Management Agreement provides that:

​

●

The base management fee is calculated and collected quarterly in arrears and is equal to the sum of (i) 1.5% per year of PMT’s average “shareholders’ equity” up to $2 billion, (ii) 1.375% per year of PMT’s average “shareholders’ equity” in excess of $2 billion and up to $5 billion, and (iii) 1.25% per year of PMT’s average “shareholders’ equity” in excess of $5 billion. “Shareholders’ equity” is defined as the sum of net proceeds from issuance and repurchases of equity securities since inception, plus retained earnings or reduced by accumulated deficit.

​

●	The performance incentive fee is calculated and collected annually in arrears and is a specified percentage of the amount by which PMT’s “net income,” over the fiscal year and before deducting the incentive fee, exceeds certain levels of return on “common shareholders’ equity.”

​

●	The performance incentive fee is equal to the sum of:

​

●	10% of the amount by which PMT’s “net income” for the year exceeds (i) an 8% return on the average “common shareholders’ equity” during the period plus the “high watermark,” up to (ii) a 12% return on PMT’s “common shareholders’ equity”; plus
●	15% of the amount by which PMT’s “net income” for the year exceeds (i) a 12% return on the average PMT’s “common shareholders’ equity” during the period plus the “high watermark,” up to (ii) a 16% return on PMT’s “common shareholders’ equity”; plus
---	---
●	20% of the amount by which PMT’s “net income” for the year exceeds a 16% return on the average PMT’s “common shareholders’ equity” during the period plus the “high watermark.”
---	---

​

For the purpose of determining the amount of the performance incentive fee:

​

“Net income” is defined as net income or loss attributable to PMT’s common shares of beneficial interest computed in accordance with GAAP adjusted for certain other non-cash charges determined after discussions between the Company and PMT’s independent trustees and approval by a majority of PMT’s independent trustees.

​

“Common shareholders’ equity” is defined as “shareholders’ equity” less the average value of the Company’s preferred equity determined in accordance with GAAP.

​

“High watermark” is the annual adjustment that reflects the amount by which the “net income” (stated as a percentage of return on “equity”) in that year exceeds or falls short of the lesser of 8% and the average Fannie Mae 30-year MBS Yield (the “Target Yield”) for the year then ended. If the “net income” is lower than the Target Yield, the high watermark is increased by the difference. If the “net income” is higher than the Target Yield, the high watermark is reduced by the difference. Each time a performance incentive fee is earned, the high watermark returns to zero. As a result, the threshold amount required for the Company to earn a performance incentive fee is adjusted cumulatively based on the performance of PMT’s net income over (or under) the Target Yield, until the net income in excess of the Target Yield exceeds the then-current cumulative high watermark amount, and a performance incentive fee is earned. The high watermark is calculated based on the two years preceding the fiscal year for which the incentive fee is calculated, and will never be less than zero after including all high watermark increases and high watermark decreases over any such rolling two fiscal year period.

​

The performance incentive fee may be paid in cash or a combination of cash and PMT’s common shares of beneficial interest (subject to a limit of no more than 50% paid in common shares of beneficial interest), at PMT’s option. 17

Table of Contents ​

In the event of termination of the Management Agreement between PMT and the Company, the Company may be entitled to a termination fee in certain circumstances. The termination fee is equal to three times the sum of (a) the average annual base management fee, and (b) the average annual performance incentive fee earned by the Company, in each case during the 24-month period immediately preceding the date of termination.

Following is a summary of the base management and performance incentive fees earned from PMT:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	​	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Base management fees	​	$	6,912	​	$	7,153	​	$	20,793		$	21,474
Performance incentive fees	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—
​	​	$	6,912	​	$	7,153	​	$	20,793	​	$	21,474
Average PMT's shareholders' equity used to calculate base management fees	​	$	1,828,365	​	$	1,897,006	​	$	1,853,613	​	$	1,912,310

​

Through 2024, under the Management Agreement, both base management and performance incentive fees were paid quarterly and the high watermark was measured on a cumulative basis since inception.

​

The Management Agreement expires on December 31, 2029, subject to automatic renewal for an additional 18-month period unless terminated in accordance with the terms of the agreement.

​

Expense Reimbursement

​

Under the Management Agreement, PMT reimburses the Company for its organizational and operating expenses, including third-party expenses, incurred on PMT’s behalf, it being understood that the Company and its affiliates shall allocate a portion of their personnel’s time to provide certain legal, tax, accounting, internal audit and investor relations services for the direct benefit of PMT. PMT is also required to pay its pro rata portion of the rent, telephone, utilities, office furniture, equipment, machinery and other office, internal and overhead expenses of the Company and its affiliates required for PMT’s and its subsidiaries’ operations. These expenses are based on the resources the Company dedicates to investment management activities for PMT, as determined by the Company in its sole discretion.

​

Through 2024, PMT reimbursed the Company for its organizational and operating expenses, including third-party expenses, incurred on PMT’s behalf, it being understood that the Company and its affiliates would allocate a portion of their personnel’s time to provide certain legal, tax and investor relations services for the direct benefit of PMT. With respect to the allocation of the Company’s and its affiliates’ personnel compensation, the Company was reimbursed $165,000 per fiscal quarter. Overhead expenses were previously allocated based on the ratio of PMT’s proportion of gross assets compared to all remaining gross assets owned or managed by the Company, as calculated at each fiscal quarter end.

​

The Company received reimbursements from PMT for expenses as follows:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Reimbursement of:		​			​			​		​	​	​
Expenses incurred on PMT's behalf, net	​	$	6,873	​	$	6,318	​	$	16,437	​	$	15,511
Compensation	​	​	1,629	​	​	165	​	​	4,886	​	​	495
Common overhead incurred by the Company	​	​	982	​	​	1,867	​	​	2,945	​	​	5,811
​	​	$	9,484	​	$	8,350	​	$	24,268	​	$	21,817
Payments and settlements during the period (1)	​	$	27,709	​	$	31,752	​	$	88,385	​	$	91,100
(1)	Payments and settlements include payments for the operating, investing and financing activities itemized in this Note.
---	---

18

Table of Contents ​

Investing Activities

​

Following is a summary of investing activities between the Company and PMT:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Change in fair value of investment in and dividends received from PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust shares	​	$	(15)	​	$	68	​	$	65	​	$	38
Sale of Mortgage servicing rights to PMT	​	$	1,895	​	$	—	​	$	1,895	​	$	—

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	September 30,		​	December 31,
​	****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Common shares of beneficial interest of PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Fair value	​	$	920	​	$	944
Number of shares	​	​	75	​	​	75

​

​

Receivable from and Payable to PMT

​

Amounts receivable from and payable to PMT are summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	September 30,		​	December 31,
​	****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Receivable from PMT:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Correspondent production activities	​	$	24,277	​	​	11,122
Management fees	​	​	6,912	​	​	7,149
Servicing fees	​	​	6,778	​	​	6,822
Allocated expenses and expenses incurred on PMT's behalf	​	​	2,198	​	$	3,508
Fulfillment fees	​	​	—	​	​	1,605
​	​	$	40,165	​	$	30,206
Payable to PMT:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Amounts advanced by PMT to fund its servicing advances	​	$	62,434	​	$	106,302
Other	​	​	18,171	​	​	16,015
​	​	$	80,605	​	$	122,317

​

Exchanged Private National Mortgage Acceptance Company, LLC Unitholders

​

The Company entered into a tax receivable agreement with certain former owners of PNMAC that provides for the payment from time to time by the Company to PNMAC’s exchanged unitholders of an amount equal to 85% of the amount of the net tax benefits, if any, that the Company is deemed to realize as a result of (i) increases in tax basis of PNMAC’s assets resulting from exchanges of ownership interests in PNMAC and (ii) certain other tax benefits related to entering into the tax receivable agreement, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the tax receivable agreement. The Company has recorded a $24.8 million and $25.9 million Payable to exchanged Private National Mortgage Acceptance Company, LLC unitholders under tax receivable agreement as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company recorded a $1.1 million reduction to its estimate of the liability relating to a change in the tax rate applicable to its deferred income tax liability. The Company did not make payments under the tax receivable agreement during the quarter and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

​

​

. 19

Table of Contents Note 6—Loan Sales and Servicing Activities

​

The Company originates, purchases and sells loans in the secondary mortgage market without recourse for credit losses. However, the Company maintains continuing involvement with the loans in the form of servicing arrangements and the liability under representations and warranties it makes to purchasers and insurers of the loans.

​

The following table summarizes cash flows between the Company and transferees as a result of the sale of loans in transactions where the Company maintains continuing involvement with the loans as the servicer:

​

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Cash flows:		​	​		​	​	​	​	​		​	​
Sales proceeds	​	$	33,549,142	​	$	26,168,605	​	$	95,792,613	​	$	70,706,054
Servicing fees received	​	$	425,390	​	$	363,121	​	$	1,233,153	​	$	1,048,099

​

The Company is contractually responsible for making the payments required to protect the loans’ beneficial interest holders’ interests in the properties collateralizing their loans and may be required to advance amounts in excess of insurer or guarantor reimbursement limits. Therefore, the Company provides a valuation allowance on the servicing advances for these amounts to adjust their carrying values to amounts that are expected to ultimately be recovered from the loans’ insurers, guarantors, or beneficial interest holders.

​

The servicing advance valuation allowance is estimated based on relevant qualitative and quantitative information about past events, including historical collection and loss experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect collectable amounts. The provision for losses on servicing advances is included in Servicing expense in the consolidated statements of income. Servicing advances are written off when they are deemed unrecoverable.

​

The following is a summary of the allowance for losses on servicing advances:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	​	2025		​	2024		****	2025		​	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	​	$	82,025	​	$	68,671	​	$	85,788	​	$	73,991
Provision for losses	​	​	10,130	​	​	9,583	​	​	22,100	​	​	13,974
Charge-offs, net	​	​	(5,975)	​	​	(4,346)	​	​	(21,708)	​	​	(14,057)
Balance at end of period	​	$	86,180	​	$	73,908	​	$	86,180	​	$	73,908

​

The following table summarizes the UPB of the loans sold by the Company in transactions where it maintains continuing involvement with the loans as servicer:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	September 30,		​	December 31,
​	****	​	​	​	​	​	****	2025		****	2024
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	(in thousands)
Unpaid principal balance of loans outstanding	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	455,894,902	​	$	410,393,342
Delinquent loans:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
30-89 days	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	18,746,088	​	$	17,301,961
90 days or more:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Not in foreclosure	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	7,280,548	​	$	8,104,348
In foreclosure	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	1,391,013	​	$	693,934
Foreclosed	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	3,888	​	$	2,928
Loans in bankruptcy	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	2,037,245	​	$	1,762,324

​ 20

Table of Contents The following tables summarize the Company’s loan servicing portfolio as measured by UPB:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	September 30, 2025
​	​	Servicing		​	​		​	Total
​	****	rights owned		****	Subservicing		****	loans serviced
​	​	(in thousands)
Investor:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Non-affiliated entities:		​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Originated	​	$	455,894,902		$	—		$	455,894,902
Purchased	​	​	14,404,290	​	​	—	​	​	14,404,290
Subserviced	​	​	—	​	​	11,929,129	​	​	11,929,129
​	​	​	470,299,192	​	​	11,929,129	​	​	482,228,321
PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	—	​	​	227,101,009	​	​	227,101,009
Loans held for sale	​	​	7,303,091	​	​	—	​	​	7,303,091
​	​	$	477,602,283	​	$	239,030,138	​	$	716,632,421
Delinquent loans:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
30 days	​	$	14,219,515	​	$	2,258,960	​	$	16,478,475
60 days	​	​	5,102,894	​	​	638,929	​	​	5,741,823
90 days or more:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Not in foreclosure	​	​	7,424,952	​	​	1,008,749	​	​	8,433,701
In foreclosure	​	​	1,438,992	​	​	118,787	​	​	1,557,779
Foreclosed	​	​	5,224	​	​	2,589	​	​	7,813
​	​	$	28,191,577	​	$	4,028,014	​	$	32,219,591
Loans in bankruptcy	​	$	2,113,059	​	$	350,003	​	$	2,463,062
Custodial funds managed by the Company (1)	​	$	9,389,898	​	$	3,339,422	​	$	12,729,320
(1)	Custodial funds include cash accounts holding funds on behalf of borrowers and investors relating to loans serviced under servicing agreements and are not recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company earns placement fees on certain of these custodial funds where it owns the MSRs and these fees are included in Interest income in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.
---	---

​ 21

Table of Contents

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	December 31, 2024
​	​	Servicing		​	​		​	Total
​	****	rights owned		****	Subservicing		****	loans serviced
​	​	(in thousands)
Investor:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Non-affiliated entities:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Originated	​	$	410,393,342		$	—		$	410,393,342
Purchased	​	​	15,681,406	​	​	—	​	​	15,681,406
Subserviced	​	​	—	​	​	806,584	​	​	806,584
​	​	​	426,074,748	​	​	806,584	​	​	426,881,332
PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	—	​	​	230,753,581	​	​	230,753,581
Loans held for sale	​	​	8,128,914	​	​	—	​	​	8,128,914
​	​	$	434,203,662	​	$	231,560,165	​	$	665,763,827
Delinquent loans:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
30 days	​	$	13,095,250	​	$	1,996,821	​	$	15,092,071
60 days	​	​	4,838,550	​	​	676,508	​	​	5,515,058
90 days or more:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Not in foreclosure	​	​	8,289,129	​	​	1,210,270	​	​	9,499,399
In foreclosure	​	​	730,372	​	​	106,188	​	​	836,560
Foreclosed	​	​	3,716	​	​	2,732	​	​	6,448
​	​	$	26,957,017	​	$	3,992,519	​	$	30,949,536
Loans in bankruptcy	​	$	1,852,396	​	$	286,093	​	$	2,138,489
Custodial funds managed by the Company (1)	​	$	6,171,157	​	$	2,391,875	​	$	8,563,032
(1)	Custodial funds include cash accounts holding funds on behalf of borrowers and investors relating to loans serviced under servicing agreements and are not recorded on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The Company earns placement fees on certain of these custodial funds where it owns the MSRs and these fees are included in Interest income in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.
---	---

​

Following is a summary of the geographical distribution of loans included in the Company’s loan servicing portfolio for the top five and all other states as measured by UPB:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	September 30,		​	December 31,		​
State	****	2025		****	2024		****
​	​	(in thousands)					​
California	​	$	80,913,553	​	$	76,364,993
Texas	​	​	71,811,884	​	​	65,317,775	​
Florida	​	​	68,822,040	​	​	63,850,638	​
Virginia	​	​	37,767,991	​	​	36,428,575	​
Georgia	​	​	30,036,889	​	​	28,499,141	​
All other states	​	​	427,280,064	​	​	395,302,705	​
​	​	$	716,632,421	​	$	665,763,827	​

​

​ 22

Table of Contents Note 7—Fair Value

​

Most of the Company’s assets and certain of its liabilities are measured at or based on their fair values. The Company groups its assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the observability of the significant inputs used to determine the fair values. The fair value level assigned to an asset or liability is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to its fair value measurement. These levels are:

​

●	Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

​

●	Level 2—Prices determined using other significant observable inputs. Observable inputs are inputs that other market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability and are developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company.

​

●	Level 3— Prices determined using significant unobservable inputs. In situations where observable inputs are unavailable, unobservable inputs may be used. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own judgments about the factors that market participants use in pricing an asset or liability, and are based on the best information available in the circumstances.

​

As a result of the difficulty in observing certain significant valuation inputs affecting “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities, the Company is required to make judgments regarding these items’ fair values. Different persons in possession of the same facts may reasonably arrive at different conclusions as to the inputs to be applied in valuing these assets and liabilities and their fair values. Such differences may result in significantly different fair value measurements. Likewise, due to the general illiquidity of some of these assets and liabilities, subsequent transactions may be at values significantly different from those reported.

​

The Company reclassifies its assets and liabilities between levels of the fair value hierarchy when the inputs required to establish fair value at a level of the fair value hierarchy are no longer readily available, requiring the use of lower-level inputs, or when the inputs required to establish fair value at a higher level of the hierarchy become available.

​ 23

Table of Contents

Fair Value Accounting Elections

​

The Company identified its MSRs, its mortgage servicing liabilities (“MSLs”) and all of its non-cash financial assets to be accounted for at fair value so changes in fair value will be reflected in income as they occur and more timely reflect the results of the Company’s performance.

​

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

​

Following is a summary of assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	September 30, 2025
​	****	Level 1		****	Level 2		****	Level 3		****	Total
​	​	(in thousands)
Assets:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Short-term investment	​	$	62,228	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	62,228
Principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities	​	​	—	​	​	774,021	​	​	—	​	​	774,021
Loans held for sale	​	​	—	​	​	7,037,572	​	​	452,901	​	​	7,490,473
Derivative assets from non-affiliates:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest rate lock commitments	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	132,413	​	​	132,413
Forward purchase contracts	​	​	—	​	​	36,077	​	​	—	​	​	36,077
Forward sales contracts	​	​	—	​	​	43,557	​	​	—	​	​	43,557
Put options on interest rate futures purchase contracts	​	​	10,958	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	10,958
Call options on interest rate futures purchase contracts	​	​	15,431	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	15,431
Total return swap	​	​	—	​	​	105	​	​	—	​	​	105
Total derivative assets before netting	​	​	26,389	​	​	79,739	​	​	132,413	​	​	238,541
Netting	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(38,238)
Total derivative assets from non-affiliates	​	​	26,389	​	​	79,739	​	​	132,413	​	​	200,303
Derivative assets from PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest rate lock commitments	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	1,608	​	​	1,608
Forward sales contracts	​	​	—	​	​	705	​	​	—	​	​	705
Total before netting	​	​	—	​	​	705	​	​	1,608	​	​	2,313
Netting	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(534)
Total derivative assets from PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	—	​	​	705	​	​	1,608	​	​	1,779
Mortgage servicing rights	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	9,653,942	​	​	9,653,942
Investment in PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	920	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	920
​	​	$	89,537	​	$	7,892,037	​	$	10,240,864	​	$	18,183,666
Liabilities:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Derivative liabilities to non-affiliates:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest rate lock commitments	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	5,334	​	$	5,334
Forward purchase contracts	​	​	—	​	​	19,548	​	​	—	​	​	19,548
Forward sales contracts	​	​	—	​	​	66,775	​	​	—	​	​	66,775
Total derivative liabilities before netting	​	​	—	​	​	86,323	​	​	5,334	​	​	91,657
Netting	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(74,478)
Total derivative liabilities to non-affiliates	​	​	—	​	​	86,323	​	​	5,334	​	​	17,179
Derivative liabilities to PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest rate lock commitments	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	7,097	​	​	7,097
Forward sales contracts	​	​	—	​	​	534	​	​	—	​	​	534
Total derivative liabilities to PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust before netting	​	​	—	​	​	534	​	​	7,097	​	​	7,631
Netting	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(534)
Total derivative liabilities to PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	—	​	​	534	​	​	7,097	​	​	7,097
Mortgage servicing liabilities	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	1,593	​	​	1,593
​	​	$	—	​	$	86,857	​	$	14,024	​	$	25,869

​ 24

Table of Contents

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	December 31, 2024
​	****	Level 1		****	Level 2		****	Level 3		****	Total
​	​	(in thousands)
Assets:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Short-term investment	​	$	420,553	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	420,553
Principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities	​	​	—	​	​	825,865	​	​	—	​	​	825,865
Loans held for sale	​	​	—	​	​	7,783,415	​	​	434,053	​	​	8,217,468
Derivative assets:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest rate lock commitments	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	56,946	​	​	56,946
Forward purchase contracts	​	​	—	​	​	3,701	​	​	—	​	​	3,701
Forward sales contracts	​	​	—	​	​	152,526	​	​	—	​	​	152,526
MBS put options	​	​	—	​	​	3,278	​	​	—	​	​	3,278
Put options on interest rate futures purchase contracts	​	​	12,592	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	12,592
Call options on interest rate futures purchase contracts	​	​	3,250	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	3,250
Total derivative assets before netting	​	​	15,842	​	​	159,505	​	​	56,946	​	​	232,293
Netting	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(119,217)
Total derivative assets	​	​	15,842	​	​	159,505	​	​	56,946	​	​	113,076
Mortgage servicing rights	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	8,744,528	​	​	8,744,528
Investment in PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	944	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	944
​	​	$	437,339	​	$	8,768,785	​	$	9,235,527	​	$	18,322,434
Liabilities:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Derivative liabilities:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest rate lock commitments	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	23,381	​	$	23,381
Forward purchase contracts	​	​	—	​	​	66,646	​	​	—	​	​	66,646
Forward sales contracts	​	​	—	​	​	12,854	​	​	—	​	​	12,854
Total derivative liabilities before netting	​	​	—	​	​	79,500	​	​	23,381	​	​	102,881
Netting	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(61,981)
Total derivative liabilities	​	​	—	​	​	79,500	​	​	23,381	​	​	40,900
Mortgage servicing liabilities	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	1,683	​	​	1,683
​	​	$	—	​	$	79,500	​	$	25,064	​	$	42,583

​ 25

Table of Contents As shown above, certain of the Company’s loans held for sale, interest rate lock commitments (“IRLCs”), MSRs and MSLs are measured using Level 3 fair value inputs. Following are roll forwards of assets and liabilities measured at fair value using “Level 3” inputs at either the beginning or the end of the period presented:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30, 2025
​	​	​		​	Interest rate lock		​	Interest rate lock		​	Mortgage		​	​	​
​	​	Loans held		​	commitments to		​	commitments to		​	servicing		​	​	​
Assets	****	for sale		****	non-affiliates, net (1)		****	PMT, net (1)		****	rights		****	Total
​	​	(in thousands)
Balance, June 30, 2025	​	$	510,913	​	$	148,638	​	$	(6,485)	​	$	9,531,249	​	$	10,184,315
Purchases and issuances, net	​	​	1,643,869	​	​	292,487	​	​	(13,533)	​	​	—	​	​	1,922,823
Capitalization of interest and servicing advances	​	​	29,575	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	29,575
Sales and repayments	​	​	(618,968)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(185,409)	​	​	(804,377)
Mortgage servicing rights resulting from loan sales	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	700,326	​	​	700,326
Changes in fair value included in income arising from:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk	​	​	40,810	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	40,810
Other factors	​	​	5,428	​	​	155,122	​	​	(11,290)	​	​	(392,224)	​	​	(242,964)
​	​	​	46,238	​	​	155,122	​	​	(11,290)	​	​	(392,224)	​	​	(202,154)
Transfers:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
From Level 3 to Level 2	​	​	(1,158,543)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(1,158,543)
To real estate acquired in settlement of loans	​	​	(183)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(183)
To loans held for sale	​	​	—	​	​	(469,168)	​	​	25,819	​	​	—	​	​	(443,349)
Balance, September 30, 2025	​	$	452,901	​	$	127,079	​	$	(5,489)	​	$	9,653,942	​	$	10,228,433
Changes in fair value recognized during the quarter relating to assets still held at September 30, 2025	​	$	26,561	​	$	127,079	​	$	(5,489)	​	$	(386,363)	​	$	(238,212)
(1)	For the purpose of this table, the IRLC asset and liability positions are shown net.
---	---

​

​

​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended
Liabilities	****	September 30, 2025
​	​	(in thousands)
Mortgage servicing liabilities:	​	​	​
Balance, June 30, 2025	​	$	1,643
Changes in fair value included in income	​	​	(50)
Balance, September 30, 2025	​	$	1,593
Changes in fair value recognized during the quarter relating to liabilities still outstanding at September 30, 2025	​	$	(50)
​	​	​	​

​ 26

Table of Contents

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30, 2024
​	​	​		​	Interest		​	Mortgage		​	​	​
​	​	Loans held		​	rate lock		​	servicing		​	​	​
Assets	​	for sale		****	commitments, net (1)		****	rights		****	​	Total
​	****	(in thousands)
Balance, June 30, 2024	​	$	400,076	​	$	68,752	​	$	7,923,078	​	$	8,391,906
Purchases and issuances, net	​	​	1,013,520	​	​	246,391	​	​	—	​	​	1,259,911
Capitalization of interest and servicing advances	​	​	15,282	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	15,282
Sales and repayments	​	​	(384,101)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(384,101)
Mortgage servicing rights resulting from loan sales	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	578,982	​	​	578,982
Changes in fair value included in income arising from:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk	​	​	36,968	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	36,968
Other factors	​	​	367	​	​	150,334	​	​	(628,248)	​	​	(477,547)
​	​	​	37,335	​	​	150,334	​	​	(628,248)	​	​	(440,579)
Transfers from Level 3 to Level 2	​	​	(648,238)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(648,238)
Transfers to loans held for sale	​	​	—	​	​	(346,862)	​	​	—	​	​	(346,862)
Exchange of mortgage servicing spread for interest-only stripped mortgage-backed securities	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(121,520)	​	​	(121,520)
Balance, September 30, 2024	​	$	433,874	​	$	118,615	​	$	7,752,292	​	$	8,304,781
Changes in fair value recognized during the quarter relating to assets still held at September 30, 2024	​	$	29,833	​	$	118,615	​	$	(615,931)	​	$	(467,483)
(1)	For the purpose of this table, the IRLC asset and liability positions are shown net.
---	---

​

​

​	​	​	​
Liabilities	​	Quarter ended September 30, 2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Mortgage servicing liabilities:	​	​	​
Balance, June 30, 2024	​	$	1,708
Changes in fair value included in income	​	​	10
Balance, September 30, 2024	​	$	1,718
Changes in fair value recognized during the quarter relating to liabilities still outstanding at September 30, 2024	​	$	10

​

​ 27

Table of Contents

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Nine months ended September 30, 2025
​	​	​		​	Interest rate lock		​	Interest rate lock		​	Mortgage		​	​	​
​	​	Loans held		​	commitments to		​	commitments to		​	servicing		​	​	​
Assets	​	for sale		****	non-affiliates, net (1)		****	PMT, net (1)		****	rights		****	Total
​	****	(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2024	​	$	434,053	​	$	34,009	​	$	(444)	​	$	8,744,528	​	$	9,212,146
Purchases and issuances, net	​	​	4,540,796	​	​	656,169	​	​	(21,685)	​	​	—	​	​	5,175,280
Capitalization of interest and servicing advances	​	​	67,522	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	67,522
Sales and repayments	​	​	(1,670,736)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(185,409)	​	​	(1,856,145)
Mortgage servicing rights resulting from loan sales	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	2,165,213	​	​	2,165,213
Changes in fair value included in income arising from:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk	​	​	108,439	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	108,439
Other factors	​	​	19,596	​	​	350,703	​	​	(23,210)	​	​	(1,070,390)	​	​	(723,301)
​	​	​	128,035	​	​	350,703	​	​	(23,210)	​	​	(1,070,390)	​	​	(614,862)
Transfers:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
From Level 3 to Level 2	​	​	(3,046,586)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(3,046,586)
To real estate acquired in settlement of loans	​	​	(183)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(183)
To loans held for sale	​	​	—	​	​	(913,802)	​	​	39,850	​	​	—	​	​	(873,952)
Balance, September 30, 2025	​	$	452,901	​	$	127,079	​	$	(5,489)	​	$	9,653,942	​	$	10,228,433
Changes in fair value recognized during the period relating to assets still held at September 30, 2025	​	$	27,716	​	$	127,079	​	$	(5,489)	​	$	(1,061,816)	​	$	(912,510)
(1)	For the purpose of this table, the IRLC asset and liability positions are shown net.
---	---

​

​	​	​	​
​	​	Nine months ended
Liabilities	​	September 30, 2025
​	​	(in thousands)
Mortgage servicing liabilities:	​	​	​
Balance, December 31, 2024		$	1,683
Changes in fair value included in income	​	​	(90)
Balance, September 30, 2025	​	$	1,593
Changes in fair value recognized during the period relating to liabilities still outstanding at September 30, 2025	​	$	(90)

​ 28

Table of Contents

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Nine months ended September 30, 2024
​	​	​		​	Interest		​	Mortgage		​	​
​	​	Loans held		​	rate lock		​	servicing		​	​
Assets	****	for sale		****	commitments, net (1)		****	rights		****	Total
​	​	(in thousands)
Balance, December 31, 2023	​	$	478,564	​	$	89,593	​	$	7,099,348	​	$	7,667,505
Purchases and issuances, net	​	​	2,873,461	​	​	474,903	​	​	—	​	​	3,348,364
Capitalization of interest and servicing advances	​	​	40,618	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	40,618
Sales and repayments	​	​	(1,125,088)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(1,125,088)
Mortgage servicing rights resulting from loan sales	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	1,532,709	​	​	1,532,709
Changes in fair value included in income arising from:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk	​	​	82,121	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	82,121
Other factors	​	​	(741)	​	​	181,400	​	​	(758,245)	​	​	(577,586)
​	​	​	81,380	​	​	181,400	​	​	(758,245)	​	​	(495,465)
Transfers:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
From Level 3 to Level 2	​	​	(1,915,061)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(1,915,061)
To loans held for sale	​	​	—	​	​	(627,281)	​	​	—	​	​	(627,281)
Exchange of mortgage servicing spread for interest-only stripped mortgage-backed securities	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(121,520)	​	​	(121,520)
Balance, September 30, 2024	​	$	433,874	​	$	118,615	​	$	7,752,292	​	$	8,304,781
Changes in fair value recognized during the period relating to assets still held at September 30, 2024	​	$	28,536	​	$	118,615	​	$	(752,232)	​	$	(605,081)
(1)	For purpose of this table, the IRLC asset and liability positions are shown net.
---	---

​

​	​	​	​
Liabilities	​	Nine months ended September 30, 2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Mortgage servicing liabilities:	​	​	​
Balance, December 31, 2023	​	$	1,805
Changes in fair value included in income	​	​	(87)
Balance, September 30, 2024	​	$	1,718
Changes in fair value recognized during the period relating to liabilities still outstanding at September 30, 2024	​	$	(87)

​

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value under the Fair Value Option

​

Net changes in fair values included in income for assets and liabilities carried at fair value, as a result of management’s election of the fair value option, by income statement line item are summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,
​	​	2025								​	2024
​	​	Net gains on		​	Net		​	​		​	Net gains on		​	Net		​	​
​	​	loans held		​	loan		​	​		​	loans held		​	loan		​	​
​	​	for sale at		​	servicing		​	​		​	for sale at		​	servicing		​	​
​	****	fair value		****	fees		****	Total		****	fair value		****	fees		****	Total
​	​	(in thousands)
Assets:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities	​	$	—	​	$	10,412	​	$	10,412	​	$	—	​	$	48,969	​	$	48,969
Loans held for sale	​	​	436,370	​	​	—	​	​	436,370	​	​	425,501	​	​	—	​	​	425,501
Mortgage servicing rights	​	​	—	​	​	(392,224)	​	​	(392,224)	​	​	—	​	​	(628,248)	​	​	(628,248)
​	​	$	436,370	​	$	(381,812)	​	$	54,558	​	$	425,501	​	$	(579,279)	​	$	(153,778)
Liabilities:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Mortgage servicing liabilities	​	$	—	​	$	50	​	$	50	​	$	—	​	$	(10)	​	$	(10)

​ 29

Table of Contents

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	​	2025								​	2024
​	​	Net gains on		​	Net		​	​	​	​	Net gains on		​	Net		​	​	​
​	​	loans held		​	loan		​	​	​	​	loans held		​	loan		​	​	​
​	​	for sale at		​	servicing		​	​	​	​	for sale at		​	servicing		​	​	​
​	​	fair value		****	fees		****	Total		****	fair value		****	fees		****	Total
​	​	(in thousands)
Assets:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities	​	$	—	​	$	35,738	​	$	35,738	​	$	—	​	$	32,198	​	$	32,198
Loans held for sale	​	​	944,901	​	​	—	​	​	944,901	​	​	679,704	​	​	—	​	​	679,704
Mortgage servicing rights	​	​	—	​	​	(1,070,390)	​	​	(1,070,390)	​	​	—	​	​	(758,245)	​	​	(758,245)
​	​	$	944,901	​	$	(1,034,652)	​	$	(89,751)	​	$	679,704	​	$	(726,047)	​	$	(46,343)
Liabilities:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Mortgage servicing liabilities	​	$	—	​	$	90	​	$	90	​	$	—	​	$	87	​	$	87

​

Following are the fair value and related principal amounts due upon maturity of loans held for sale:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	September 30, 2025								​	December 31, 2024
​	​	​		​	Principal		​	​		​	​		​	Principal		​	​
​	​	​		​	amount		​	​		​	​		​	amount		​	​
​	​	Fair		​	due upon		​	​		​	Fair		​	due upon		​	​
Loans held for sale	****	value		****	maturity		****	Difference		****	value		****	maturity		****	Difference
​	​	(in thousands)
Current through 89 days delinquent	​	$	7,458,146	​	$	7,260,164	​	$	197,982	​	$	8,187,561	​	$	8,089,532	​	$	98,029
90 days or more delinquent:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Not in foreclosure	​	​	20,841	​	​	22,519	​	​	(1,678)	​	​	24,663	​	​	27,901	​	​	(3,238)
In foreclosure	​	​	11,486	​	​	20,408	​	​	(8,922)	​	​	5,244	​	​	11,481	​	​	(6,237)
​	​	$	7,490,473	​	$	7,303,091	​	$	187,382	​	$	8,217,468	​	$	8,128,914	​	$	88,554
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​

​

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

​

Following is a summary of assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Real estate acquired in settlement of loans	​	Level 1		****	Level 2		****	Level 3		****	Total
​	****	(in thousands)
September 30, 2025	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	18,226	​	$	18,226
December 31, 2024	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	5,238	​	$	5,238

​

The following table summarizes the losses recognized on assets when they were remeasured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Real estate acquired in settlement of loans	​	$	(1,487)	​	$	(1,758)	​	$	(2,898)	​	$	(2,804)

​ 30

Table of Contents

Fair Value of Financial Instruments Carried at Amortized Cost

​

The Company’s Assets sold under agreements to repurchase, Mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements, Notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets and Unsecured senior notes are carried at amortized cost.

These liabilities are classified as “Level 3” fair value items due to the Company’s reliance on unobservable inputs to estimate their fair values. The Company has concluded that the fair values of these liabilities other than the term notes and term loans included in Notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets and the Unsecured senior notes approximate their carrying values due to their short terms and/or variable interest rates.

The Company estimates the fair value of the term notes, term loans and the Unsecured senior notes using indications of fair value provided by non-affiliate brokers, pricing services and internal estimates of fair value. The fair values and carrying values of these liabilities are summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	****	September 30, 2025					****	December 31, 2024
​	​	Fair value		​	Carrying value		​	Fair value		​	Carrying value
​	​	(in thousands)
Term notes and term loans	​	$	1,333,653	​	$	1,325,716	​	$	1,742,421	​	$	1,724,120
Unsecured senior notes	​	$	5,024,654	​	$	4,829,113	​	$	3,172,983	​	$	3,164,032

​

Valuation Governance

​

Most of the Company’s financial assets, and all of its derivatives, MSRs, and MSLs are carried at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in current period income. Certain of the Company’s financial assets and derivatives and all of its MSRs and MSLs are “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities which require use of unobservable inputs that are significant to the estimation of the items’ fair values. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s own judgments about the factors that market participants use in pricing an asset or liability, and are based on the best information available under the circumstances.

​

Due to the difficulty in estimating the fair values of “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities, the Company has assigned responsibility for estimating the fair values of these assets and liabilities to specialized staff within its capital markets group and subjects the valuation process to significant senior management oversight.

​

With respect to “Level 3” valuations other than IRLCs, the capital markets valuation staff reports to the Company’s senior management valuation subcommittee, which oversees the valuations. The capital markets valuation staff monitors the models used for valuation of the Company’s “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities, including the models’ performance versus actual results, and reports those results as well as changes in the valuation of the non-IRLC “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities, including major factors affecting the valuations and any changes in model methods and inputs, to the Company’s senior management valuation subcommittee. The Company’s senior management valuation subcommittee includes the Company’s chief financial, credit, and capital markets officers as well as other senior members of the Company’s finance, risk management and capital markets staffs.

​

To assess the reasonableness of its valuations, the capital markets valuation staff presents an analysis of the effect on the valuations of changes to the significant inputs to the models and, for MSRs, comparisons of its estimates of fair value and of key inputs to those procured from non-affiliate brokers and published surveys.

​

The fair value of the Company’s IRLCs is developed by its capital markets risk management staff and is reviewed by its capital markets operations staff.

​ 31

Table of Contents

Valuation Techniques and Inputs

​

Following is a description of the techniques and inputs used in estimating the fair values of “Level 2” and “Level 3” fair value assets and liabilities:

​

Principal-Only Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities

​

The Company categorizes principal-only stripped MBS as “Level 2” fair value financial instruments. Fair values of these securities are established based on quoted market prices for these or similar securities.

​

Loans Held for Sale

​

Most of the Company’s loans held for sale at fair value are saleable into active markets and are therefore categorized as “Level 2” fair value assets. The fair values of “Level 2” fair value loans are determined using their contracted selling prices or quoted market prices or market price equivalents.

​

Certain of the Company’s loans held for sale are not saleable into active markets and are therefore categorized as “Level 3” fair value assets. Loans held for sale categorized as “Level 3” fair value assets include:

​

●	Closed-end second lien mortgage loans. At present, there is no active market with significant observable inputs to the estimation of fair value of the closed-end second lien mortgage loans the Company produces.

​

●

Early buy out loans. Early buy out loans are government guaranteed or insured loans purchased by the Company from Ginnie Mae guaranteed securities in its loan servicing portfolio. The Company’s right to purchase a government guaranteed or insured loan from a Ginnie Mae security arises as the result of the loan being at least three months delinquent on the date of purchase by the Company and provides an alternative to the Company’s obligation to continue advancing principal and interest at the coupon rate of the related Ginnie Mae security. Such a loan may be resold to an investor and thereafter may be repurchased to the extent it becomes eligible for resale into a new Ginnie Mae guaranteed security.

​

A loan becomes eligible for resale into a new Ginnie Mae guaranteed security when the loan becomes current either through completion of a modification of the loan’s terms or after three months of timely payments following either the completion of a payment deferral program or borrower reperformance and when the issuance date of the new security is at least 120 days after the date the loan was last delinquent.

​

●	Loans with identified defects. Loans that are not saleable into active markets due to identification of a defect by the Company or to the repurchase by the Company of a loan with an identified defect.

​

The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to estimate the fair value of its “Level 3” fair value loans held for sale. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s “Level 3” fair value loans held for sale are discount rates, home price projections, voluntary prepayment/resale and total prepayment/resale speeds. Significant changes in any of those inputs in isolation could result in a significant change to the loans’ fair value measurement. Increases in home price projections are generally accompanied by an increase in voluntary prepayment speeds.

​ 32

Table of Contents Following is a quantitative summary of key “Level 3” fair value inputs used in the valuation of loans held for sale:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​		​	​
​	****	September 30, 2025		****	December 31, 2024
Fair value (in thousands)	​	$	452,901	​	$	434,053
Key inputs (1):	​	​	​	​	​	​
Discount rate:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Range	​	​	5.6% – 9.3%	​	​	6.5% – 9.3%
Weighted average	​	​	6.2%	​	​	7.0%
Twelve-month projected housing price index change:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Range	​	​	1.4% – 1.6%	​	​	2.2% – 2.8%
Weighted average	​	​	1.4%	​	​	2.3%
Voluntary prepayment/resale speed (2):	​	​	​	​	​	​
Range	​	​	6.5% – 26.3%	​	​	6.4% – 34.4%
Weighted average	​	​	20.4%	​	​	22.0%
Total prepayment/resale speed (3):	​	​	​	​	​	​
Range	​	​	6.7% – 32.5%	​	​	6.5% – 41.3%
Weighted average	​	​	22.7%	​	​	23.9%
(1)	Weighted average inputs are based on the fair values of the “Level 3” fair value loans.
---	---
(2)	Voluntary prepayment/resale speed is measured using life voluntary Conditional Prepayment Rate (“CPR”).
---	---
(3)	Total prepayment/resale speed is measured using life total CPR, which includes both voluntary and involuntary prepayment/resale speeds.
---	---

​

Changes in fair value of loans held for sale attributable to changes in a loan’s instrument-specific credit risk are measured with reference to the change in the respective loan’s delinquency status and performance history at period end from the later of the beginning of the period or acquisition date. Changes in fair value of loans held for sale are included in Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.

​

Derivative Financial Instruments

​

Interest Rate Lock Commitments

​

The Company categorizes IRLCs as “Level 3” fair value assets or liabilities. The Company estimates the fair values of IRLCs based on quoted Agency MBS prices, the probability that the loans will be funded or purchased (the “pull-through rate”) and its estimate of the fair value of the MSRs it expects to receive in the sale of the loans.

​

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s IRLCs are the pull-through rate and the estimated fair values of MSRs attributable to the mortgage loans it has committed to originate or purchase. Significant changes in the pull-through rate or the MSR components of the IRLCs, in isolation, could result in significant changes in the IRLCs’ fair value measurements. The financial effects of changes in these inputs are generally inversely correlated as increasing interest rates have a positive effect on the fair value of the MSR component of IRLC fair value, but increase the pull-through rate for the loan principal and interest payment cash flow component, which has decreased in fair value. Changes in fair value of IRLCs are included in Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.

​ 33

Table of Contents Following is a quantitative summary of key unobservable inputs used in the valuation of IRLCs:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	****	September 30, 2025		****	December 31, 2024
Fair value (in thousands) (1)		$	121,590	​	$	33,565
Committed amount (in thousands)	​	$	11,539,546	​	$	7,801,677
Key inputs (2):	​	​	​	​	​	​
Pull-through rate:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Range	​	​	17.6% – 100%	​	​	29.8% – 100%
Weighted average	​	​	84.3%	​	​	88.2%
Mortgage servicing rights fair value expressed as:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Servicing fee multiple:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Range	​	​	1.0 – 8.6	​	​	1.0 – 8.6
Weighted average	​	​	5.4	​	​	5.4
Percentage of loan commitment amount:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Range	​	​	0.3% – 4.5%	​	​	0.3% – 4.6%
Weighted average	​	​	2.1%	​	​	2.4%
(1)	Amounts include IRLCs with non-affiliates and with PMT. For purpose of this table, IRLC asset and liability positions are shown net.
---	---
(2)	Weighted average inputs are based on the committed amounts.
---	---

​

Hedging Derivatives

​

Fair values of derivative financial instruments actively traded on exchanges are categorized by the Company as “Level 1” fair value assets and liabilities; fair values of derivative financial instruments based on observable interest rates, volatilities and prices in the MBS or other markets are categorized by the Company as “Level 2” fair value assets and liabilities.

​

Changes in the fair values of hedging derivatives are included in Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value, or Net loan servicing fees – Mortgage servicing rights hedging results, as applicable, in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.

​

Mortgage Servicing Rights

​

MSRs are categorized as “Level 3” fair value assets. The Company uses a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of MSRs. Beginning in the third quarter of 2025, the company enhanced its discounted cash flow approach to estimate the period-end fair value of its MSRs with the adoption of an Option-Adjusted Spread (“OAS”) discounted cashflow model. The OAS model allows the Company to account for the likelihood of interest rates moving along different paths as economic conditions change in its assessment of the fair value of MSRs as opposed to a single assumed rate path.

​

The key inputs used in the estimation of the fair value of MSRs include the applicable prepayment rate (prepayment speed), OAS or pricing spread (the OAS and pricing spread are components of the discount rate), and annual per-loan cost to service the underlying loans, all of which are unobservable. Significant changes to any of those inputs in isolation could result in a significant change in the MSR fair value measurement. Changes in these key inputs are not directly related. Changes in the fair value of MSRs are included in Net loan servicing fees—Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights and mortgage servicing liabilities in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.

​ 34

Table of Contents Following are the key inputs used in determining the fair value of MSRs received by the Company when it retains the obligation to service the mortgage loans it sells:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	​	2025		​	2024		****	2025		​	2024
​	​	(Amount recognized and unpaid principal balance of underlying loans in thousands)
MSR and underlying loan characteristics:	​	​	​		​	​	​	​	​		​	​
Amount recognized	​	$	700,326	​	$	578,982	​	$	2,165,213	​	$	1,532,709
Unpaid principal balance	​	$	33,438,395	​	$	25,922,146	​	$	95,800,375	​	$	70,148,676
Weighted average servicing fee rate (in basis points)	​	​	39	​	​	46	​	​	42	​	​	44
Key inputs (1):	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Annual total prepayment speed (2):	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Range	​	​	6.7% – 16.0%	​	​	7.9% – 25.8%	​	​	6.6% – 16.0%	​	​	7.3% – 25.8%
Weighted average	​	​	9.2%	​	​	11.5%	​	​	8.8%	​	​	10.5%
Equivalent average life (in years):	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Range	​	​	3.7 – 10.1	​	​	3.7 – 9.3	​	​	3.7 – 10.2	​	​	3.5 – 9.7
Weighted average	​	​	8.4	​	​	7.4	​	​	8.6	​	​	7.7
Pricing spread (3):	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Range	​	​	4.9% – 12.6%	​	​	4.9% – 12.6%	​	​	4.9% – 12.6%	​	​	4.9% – 12.6%
Weighted average	​	​	5.5%	​	​	5.7%	​	​	5.5%	​	​	6.1%
Per-loan annual cost of servicing:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Range	​	​	$69 – $127	​	​	$69 – $127	​	​	$69 – $127	​	​	$69 – $127
Weighted average	​	​	$98	​	​	$102	​	​	$99	​	​	$100
(1)	Weighted average inputs are based on the UPB of the underlying loans.
---	---
(2)	Annual total prepayment speed is measured using life total CPR, which includes both voluntary and involuntary prepayments. Equivalent average life is provided as supplementary information.
---	---
(3)	Pricing spread represents a margin that is applied to a reference interest rate’s forward rate curve to develop periodic discount rates. The Company applies a pricing spread to a derived United State Treasury Securities (“Treasury”) yield curve for purposes of discounting cash flows relating to its initial recognition of MSRs.
---	---

​ 35

Table of Contents Following is a quantitative summary of key inputs used in the valuation of the Company’s MSRs and the effect on the fair value from adverse changes in those inputs:

​

​	​	​	​	​
​	​	September 30, 2025	​	December 31, 2024
​	​	(Fair value, unpaid principal balance of underlying
​	​	loans and effect on fair value amounts in thousands)
Fair value	​	$ 9,653,942	​	$ 8,744,528
Underlying loan characteristics:	​	​	​	​
Unpaid principal balance	​	$ 470,281,735	​	$ 426,055,220
Weighted average note interest rate	​	4.9%	​	4.5%
Weighted average servicing fee rate (in basis points)	​	39	​	38
Key inputs (1):	​	​	​	​
Annual total prepayment speed (2):	​	​	​	​
Range	​	6.0% – 22.7%	​	5.9% – 17.7%
Weighted average	​	8.9%	​	7.8%
Equivalent average life (in years):	​	​	​	​
Range	​	2.5 – 9.0	​	2.7 – 9.1
Weighted average	​	8.0	​	8.4
Effect on fair value of (3):	​	​	​	​
5% adverse change	​	($165,204)	​	($126,224)
10% adverse change	​	($324,196)	​	($248,349)
20% adverse change	​	($624,901)	​	($481,100)
Option-adjusted spread (4) (5):	​	​	​	​
Range	​	2.1% – 13.2%	​	​
Weighted average	​	4.9%	​	​
Pricing spread (4) (5):	​	​	​	​
Range	​	​	​	5.0% – 11.3%
Weighted average	​	​	​	6.2%
Effect on fair value of (3):	​	​	​	​
5% adverse change	​	($100,106)	​	($113,419)
10% adverse change	​	($197,972)	​	($223,960)
20% adverse change	​	($387,269)	​	($436,805)
Per-loan annual cost of servicing:	​	​	​	​
Range	​	$70 – $127	​	$68 – $130
Weighted average	​	$106	​	$105
Effect on fair value of (3):	​	​	​	​
5% adverse change	​	($51,908)	​	($48,830)
10% adverse change	​	($103,817)	​	($97,661)
20% adverse change	​	($207,633)	​	($195,321)
(1)	Weighted average inputs are based on the UPB of the underlying loans.
---	---
(2)	Annual total prepayment speed is measured using life total CPR, which includes both voluntary and involuntary prepayments. Equivalent average life is provided as supplementary information.
---	---
(3)	These sensitivity analyses are limited in that they were performed as of a particular date; only contemplate the movements in the indicated inputs; do not incorporate changes to other inputs; are subject to the accuracy of the models and inputs used; and do not incorporate other factors that would affect the Company’s overall financial performance in such events, including operational adjustments made to account for changing circumstances. For these reasons, these analyses should not be viewed as earnings forecasts.
---	---
(4)	Beginning in the third quarter of 2025, the Company enhanced its period-end discounted cash flow valuation of MSRs by utilizing an OAS discounted cashflow model, which utilizes an OAS rather than a pricing spread. The option-adjusted spread is a margin that is applied to a reference interest rate’s projected curve to develop periodic discount rates. The Company applies an option-adjusted spread to multiple simulated paths of a derived Treasury yield curve for purposes of discounting cash flows relating to MSRs. Adoption of the OAS model did not have a significant effect on the fair value of MSRs.
---	---

36

Table of Contents

(5)	Pricing spread represents a margin that is applied to a reference interest rate’s forward rate curve to develop periodic discount rates. Through June 30, 2025, the Company applied a fixed pricing spread to a derived Treasury yield curve for purposes of discounting cash flows relating to period-end MSRs.

Mortgage Servicing Liabilities

​

MSLs are categorized as “Level 3” fair value liabilities. The Company uses a discounted cash flow approach to estimate the fair value of MSLs. The key inputs used in the estimation of the fair value of MSLs include the applicable annual total prepayment speed, pricing spread or OAS, and the per-loan annual cost of servicing the underlying loans. Changes in the fair value of MSLs are included in Net servicing fees—Change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights and mortgage servicing liabilities in the Company’s consolidated statements of income.

​

Following are the key inputs used in estimating the fair value of MSLs:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	September 30,	​	​	December 31,
​	​	​	2025	​	​	2024
Fair value (in thousands)	​	$	1,593	​	$	1,683
Underlying loan characteristics:	​		​	​		​
Unpaid principal balance of underlying loans (in thousands)	​	$	17,457	​	$	19,528
Servicing fee rate (in basis points)	​	​	25	​	​	25
Key inputs (1):	​	​	​	​	​	​
Annual total prepayment speed (2)^^	​	​	14.1%	​	​	15.7%
Equivalent average life (in years)	​	​	5.7	​	​	5.1
Option-adjusted spread (3)	​	​	9.1%	​	​	​
Pricing spread (4)	​	​	​	​	​	8.6%
Per-loan annual cost of servicing	​	$	837	​	$	969
(1)	Weighted average inputs are based on UPB of the underlying mortgage loans.
---	---
(2)	Annual total prepayment speed is measured using life total CPR, which includes both voluntary and involuntary prepayments. Equivalent average life is provided as supplementary information.
---	---
(3)	Beginning in the third quarter of 2025, the Company enhanced its discounted cash flow valuation of MSLs by utilizing an OAS discounted cashflow model, which utilizes an OAS rather than a pricing spread. The option-adjusted spread is a margin that is applied to a reference interest rate’s projected curve to develop periodic discount rates. The Company applies an option-adjusted spread to multiple simulated paths of a derived Treasury yield curve for purposes of discounting cash flows relating to MSLs.
---	---

​

(4)	Pricing spread represents a margin that is applied to a reference interest rate’s forward rate curve to develop periodic discount rates. Through June 30, 2025, the Company applied a fixed pricing spread to a derived Treasury yield curve for purposes of discounting cash flows relating to MSLs.

​ 37

Table of Contents ​

Note 8— Principal-Only Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities

​

Following is a summary of activity in the Company’s investment in principal-only stripped MBS:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	​	2025		​	2024		​	2025		​	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	​	$	784,958	​	$	914,223	​	$	825,865	​	$	—
Purchases	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	935,356
Repayments	​	​	(34,991)	​	​	(23,054)	​	​	(119,258)	​	​	(36,506)
Changes in fair value included in income arising from:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Accrual of purchase discounts	​	​	13,642	​	​	20,129	​	​	31,676	​	​	29,219
Valuation adjustments	​	​	10,412	​	​	48,969	​	​	35,738	​	​	32,198
​	​	​	24,054	​	​	69,098	​	​	67,414	​	​	61,417
Balance at end of period	​	$	774,021	​	$	960,267	​	$	774,021	​	$	960,267

​

Following is a summary of the Company’s investment in principal-only stripped MBS:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	September 30,		​	December 31,
​	​	2025		​	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Principal balance	​	$	942,225	​	$	1,061,484
Unearned discount	​	​	(165,742)	​	​	(197,418)
Cumulative valuation change	​	​	(2,462)	​	​	(38,201)
Fair value	​	$	774,021	​	$	825,865
Fair value of principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities pledged to secure Assets sold under agreements to repurchase	​	$	774,021	​	$	825,865

​

​

All of the Company’s principal-only stripped MBS have remaining contractual maturities of over ten years.

​

Note 9—Loans Held for Sale at Fair Value

​

Following is a summary of loans held for sale at fair value:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	September 30,		​	December 31,
Mortgage type	****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Government-insured or guaranteed	​	$	4,035,365	​	$	4,154,069
Conventional conforming	​	​	2,471,765	​	​	3,127,082
Jumbo	​	​	530,442	​	​	502,264
Closed-end second lien	​	​	271,310	​	​	272,285
Purchased from Ginnie Mae securities serviced by the Company	​	​	164,684	​	​	145,026
Repurchased pursuant to representations and warranties	​	​	16,907	​	​	16,742
​	​	$	7,490,473	​	$	8,217,468
Fair value of loans pledged to secure:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Assets sold under agreements to repurchase	​	$	6,693,386	​	$	7,612,832
Mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements	​	​	740,464	​	​	528,002
​	​	$	7,433,850	​	$	8,140,834

​

​

​ 38

Table of Contents Note 10—Derivative Financial Instruments

​

The Company holds and issues derivative financial instruments in connection with its operating and investing activities. Derivative financial instruments are created in the Company’s loan production activities and when the Company enters into derivative transactions as part of its interest rate risk management activities. Derivative financial instruments created in the Company’s operating activities are IRLCs that are created when the Company commits to purchase or originate a loan for sale.

​

The Company engages in interest rate risk management activities in an effort to moderate the effect of changes in market interest rates on the fair value of certain of its assets. To manage this fair value risk resulting from interest rate risk, the Company uses derivative financial instruments acquired with the intention of reducing the risk that changes in market interest rates will result in unfavorable changes in the fair value of the Company’s IRLCs, inventory of loans held for sale and its MSRs.

​

The Company does not designate and qualify any of its derivatives for hedge accounting. The Company records all derivative financial instruments at fair value and records changes in fair value in current period income.

​

The Company has elected to present net derivative asset and liability positions, and cash collateral obtained from or posted to its counterparties when subject to a master netting arrangement that is legally enforceable on all counterparties in the event of default. The derivatives that are not subject to a master netting arrangement are IRLCs.

​

​

Derivative Notional Amounts and Fair Value of Derivatives

​

The Company had the following derivative financial instruments recorded on its consolidated balance sheets:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	September 30, 2025							​	December 31, 2024
​	​	​	​	Fair value					​	​	​	Fair value
​	​	Notional	​	Derivative		​	Derivative		​	Notional	​	Derivative		​	Derivative
Derivative instrument	****	amount (1)	****	assets		****	liabilities		****	amount (1)	****	assets		****	liabilities
​	​	(in thousands)
Non-affiliates:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Not subject to master netting arrangements:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest rate lock commitments	​	12,761,881	​	$	132,413	​	$	5,334	​	7,801,677	​	$	56,946	​	$	23,381
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Subject to master netting arrangements (2):	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Forward purchase contracts	​	19,587,954	​	​	36,077	​	​	19,548	​	12,760,764	​	​	3,701	​	​	66,646
Forward sales contracts	​	26,999,854	​	​	43,557	​	​	66,775	​	23,440,334	​	​	152,526	​	​	12,854
MBS put options	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	450,000	​	​	3,278	​	​	—
Put options on interest rate futures purchase contracts	​	6,330,000	​	​	10,958	​	​	—	​	4,270,000	​	​	12,592	​	​	—
Call options on interest rate futures purchase contracts	​	9,370,000	​	​	15,431	​	​	—	​	7,600,000	​	​	3,250	​	​	—
Total return swap	​	39,998	​	​	105	​	​	—	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—
Treasury futures purchase contracts	​	7,978,000	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	7,467,000	​	​	—	​	​	—
Treasury futures sale contracts	​	8,946,000	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	10,521,000	​	​	—	​	​	—
Total derivatives before netting	​	​	​	​	238,541	​	​	91,657	​	​	​	​	232,293	​	​	102,881
Netting	​	​	​	​	(38,238)	​	​	(74,478)	​	​	​	​	(119,217)	​	​	(61,981)
​	​	​	​	$	200,303	​	$	17,179	​	​	​	$	113,076	​	$	40,900
PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest rate lock commitments not subject to master netting arrangements	​	1,222,335	​	​	1,608	​	​	7,097	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—
Forward sale contract subject to master netting arrangements	​	203,121	​	​	705	​	​	534	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—
Total derivatives before netting	​	​	​	​	2,313	​	​	7,631	​	​	​	​	—	​	​	—
Netting	​	​	​	​	(534)	​	​	(534)	​	​	​	​	—	​	​	—
​	​	​	​	$	1,779	​	$	7,097	​	​	​	$	—	​	$	—

39

Table of Contents

Deposits placed with (received from) derivative counterparties included in the derivative balances above, net	​	​	​	$	36,240	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	(57,236)	​	​	​
(1)	Notional amounts provide an indication of the volume of the Company’s derivative activity.
---	---
(2)	All derivatives subject to master netting agreements are interest rate derivatives that are used as economic hedges.
---	---

Derivative Assets, Financial Instruments, and Cash Collateral Held by Counterparty

​

The following table summarizes by significant counterparty the amount of derivative asset positions after considering master netting arrangements and financial instruments or cash pledged that do not meet the accounting guidance to qualify for setoff accounting.

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	September 30, 2025											​	December 31, 2024
​	​	​		​	Gross amount not					​	​		​	​		​	Gross amount not					​	​
​	​	​		​	offset in the					​	​		​	​		​	offset in the					​	​
​	​	​		​	consolidated					​	​		​	​		​	consolidated					​	​
​	​	Net amount		​	balance sheet					​	​		​	Net amount		​	balance sheet					​	​
​	​	of assets in the		​	​		​	Cash		​	​		​	of assets in the		​	​		​	Cash		​	​
​	​	consolidated		​	Financial		​	collateral		​	Net		​	consolidated		​	Financial		​	collateral		​	Net
Counterparty	****	balance sheet		****	instruments		****	received		****	amount		****	balance sheet		****	instruments		****	received		****	amount
​	​	(in thousands)
Non-affiliates:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest rate lock commitments	​	$	132,413	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	132,413	​	$	56,946	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	56,946
RJ O' Brien	​	​	26,389	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	26,389	​	​	15,842	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	15,842
Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A.	​	​	11,456	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	11,456	​	​	15,260	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	15,260
Ellington	​	​	3,981	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	3,981	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—
Citibank, N.A.	​	​	3,822	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	3,822	​	​	657	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	657
Barclays Capital	​	​	3,692	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	3,692	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.	​	​	3,283	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	3,283	​	​	334	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	334
Mizuho Bank, Ltd.	​	​	2,584	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	2,584	​	​	1,683	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	1,683
Bank of Montreal	​	​	2,571	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	2,571	​	​	3,781	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	3,781
BNP Paribas	​	​	1,603	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	1,603	​	​	2,260	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	2,260
Bank of America, N.A.	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	8,221	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	8,221
Athene Annuity & Life Assurance Company	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	2,352	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	2,352
Others	​	​	8,509	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	8,509	​	​	5,740	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	5,740
​	​	$	200,303	​	$	​	​	$	​	​	$	200,303	​	$	113,076	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	113,076
PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	$	1,779	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	1,779	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	—

​ 40

Table of Contents Derivative Liabilities, Financial Instruments and Collateral Held by Counterparty

​

The following table summarizes by significant counterparty the amount of derivative liabilities and assets sold under agreements to repurchase after considering master netting arrangements and financial instruments or cash pledged that do not meet the accounting guidance to qualify for setoff accounting. All assets sold under agreements to repurchase are secured by sufficient collateral with fair values that exceed the liability amounts recorded on the consolidated balance sheets.

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	September 30, 2025											​	December 31, 2024
​	​	​		​	Gross amounts					​	​		​	​		​	Gross amounts					​	​
​	​	​		​	not offset in the					​	​		​	​		​	not offset in the					​	​
​	​	Net amount		​	consolidated					​	​		​	Net amount		​	consolidated					​	​
​	​	of liabilities		​	balance sheet					​	​		​	of liabilities		​	balance sheet					​	​
​	​	in the		​	​		​	Cash		​	​		​	in the		​	​		​	Cash		​	​
​	​	consolidated		​	Financial		​	collateral		​	Net		​	consolidated		​	Financial		​	collateral		​	Net
Counterparty	****	balance sheet		****	instruments (1)		****	pledged		****	amount		****	balance sheet		****	instruments (1)		****	pledged		****	amount
​	​	(in thousands)
Non-affiliates:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest rate lock commitments	​	$	5,334	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	5,334	​	$	23,381	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	23,381
Atlas Securitized Products, L.P.	​	​	1,870,521	​	​	(1,870,521)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	1,938,756	​	​	(1,938,756)	​	​	—	​	​	—
Bank of America, N.A.	​	​	1,208,837	​	​	(1,204,238)	​	​	—	​	​	4,599	​	​	1,294,213	​	​	(1,294,213)	​	​	—	​	​	—
Royal Bank of Canada	​	​	728,528	​	​	(728,528)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	785,597	​	​	(785,597)	​	​	—	​	​	—
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.	​	​	670,412	​	​	(670,412)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	795,119	​	​	(789,305)	​	​	—	​	​	5,814
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.	​	​	662,918	​	​	(662,918)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	1,220,822	​	​	(1,214,559)	​	​	—	​	​	6,263
Citibank, N.A.	​	​	512,559	​	​	(512,559)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	455,426	​	​	(455,426)	​	​	—	​	​	—
Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A.	​	​	414,996	​	​	(414,996)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	472,659	​	​	(472,659)	​	​	—	​	​	—
BNP Paribas	​	​	414,500	​	​	(414,500)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	568,790	​	​	(568,790)	​	​	—	​	​	—
Santander US Capital Markets LLC	​	​	230,345	​	​	(230,345)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	282,077	​	​	(282,077)	​	​	—	​	​	—
Goldman Sachs	​	​	161,997	​	​	(157,927)	​	​	—	​	​	4,070	​	​	336,894	​	​	(336,624)	​	​	—	​	​	270
Nomura Corporate Funding Americas	​	​	118,478	​	​	(118,478)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	175,000	​	​	(175,000)	​	​	—	​	​	—
Mizuho Bank, Ltd.	​	​	116,903	​	​	(116,903)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	125,000	​	​	(125,000)	​	​	—	​	​	—
Barclays Capital	​	​	36,090	​	​	(36,090)	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	258,559	​	​	(254,750)	​	​	—	​	​	3,809
Others	​	​	3,176	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	3,176	​	​	1,363	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	1,363
​	​	$	7,155,594	​	$	(7,138,415)	​	$	—	​	$	17,179	​	$	8,733,656	​	$	(8,692,756)	​	$	—	​	$	40,900
PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	$	7,097	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	7,097	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	—
(1)	Amounts represent the UPB of Assets sold under agreements to repurchase.
---	---

​

Following are the gains (losses) recognized by the Company on derivative financial instruments and the consolidated statement of income lines where such gains and losses are included:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
Derivative activity	****	Consolidated statement of income line	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	​	​	(in thousands)
Interest rate lock commitments	​	Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value (1)	​	$	(20,563)	​	$	49,862	​	$	88,025	​	$	29,021
Hedged item:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest rate lock commitments and loans held for sale	​	Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value	​	$	(121,130)	​	$	(217,380)	​	$	(295,029)	​	$	(112,188)
Mortgage servicing rights	​	Net loan servicing fees–Mortgage servicing rights hedging results	​	$	87,894	​	$	193,081	​	$	60,240	​	$	(256,570)
(1)	Represents net change in fair value of IRLCs from the beginning to the end of the period. Amounts recognized at the date of commitment and fair value changes recognized during the period until purchase of the underlying loans or the cancellation of the commitment are shown in the rollforward of IRLCs for the quarter in Note 7 – Fair Value – Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis .
---	---

41

Table of Contents Note 11—Mortgage Servicing Rights and Mortgage Servicing Liabilities

​

Mortgage Servicing Rights at Fair Value

​

The activity in MSRs is as follows:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​		2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	​	$	9,531,249	​	$	7,923,078	​	$	8,744,528	​	$	7,099,348
Additions (deductions):	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
MSRs resulting from loan sales	​	​	700,326	​	​	578,982	​	​	2,165,213	​	​	1,532,709
Exchange of mortgage servicing spread for interest-only stripped mortgage-backed securities	​	​	—	​	​	(121,520)	​	​	—	​	​	(121,520)
Sales to:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Non-affiliates	​	​	(183,514)	​	​	—	​	​	(183,514)	​	​	—
PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	(1,895)	​	​	—	​	​	(1,895)	​	​	—
​	​	​	514,917	​	​	457,462	​	​	1,979,804	​	​	1,411,189
Change in fair value due to:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Changes in inputs used in valuation model (1)	​	​	(102,519)	​	​	(402,376)	​	​	(292,058)	​	​	(132,984)
Other changes in fair value (2)^^	​	​	(289,705)	​	​	(225,872)	​	​	(778,332)	​	​	(625,261)
Total change in fair value	​	​	(392,224)	​	​	(628,248)	​	​	(1,070,390)	​	​	(758,245)
Balance at end of period	​	$	9,653,942	​	$	7,752,292	​	$	9,653,942	​	$	7,752,292
Unpaid principal balance of underlying loans at end of period	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	470,281,735	​	$	410,031,301
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	September 30,		​	December 31,
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	2025		​	2024
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	(in thousands)
Fair value of mortgage servicing rights pledged to secure Assets sold under agreements to repurchase and Notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	9,440,264	​	$	8,609,388
(1)	Principally reflects changes in annual total prepayment speed, pricing spread and per loan annual cost of servicing inputs.
---	---
(2)	Represents changes due to realization of cash flows.
---	---

​

​

Mortgage Servicing Liabilities at Fair Value

​

The activity in MSLs is summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	​	$	1,643	​	$	1,708	​	$	1,683	​	$	1,805
Changes in fair value due to:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Changes in inputs used in valuation model (1)	​	​	(24)	​	​	46	​	​	2	​	​	34
Other changes in fair value (2)^^	​	​	(26)	​	​	(36)	​	​	(92)	​	​	(121)
Total change in fair value	​	​	(50)	​	​	10	​	​	(90)	​	​	(87)
Balance at end of period	​	$	1,593	​	$	1,718	​	$	1,593	​	$	1,718
Unpaid principal balance of underlying loans at end of period	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	17,457	​	$	20,179

​

​

(1)	Principally reflects changes in annual total prepayment speed, pricing spread and per loan annual cost of servicing.

​

(2)	Represents changes due to realization of cash flows.

42

Table of Contents ​

Contractual servicing fees relating to MSRs and MSLs are recorded in Net loan servicing fees—Loan servicing fees—From non-affiliates on the Company’s consolidated statements of income; other fees relating to MSRs and MSLs are recorded in Net loan servicing fees—Loan servicing fees—Other on the Company’s consolidated statements of income. Such amounts are summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Contractual servicing fees	​	$	460,359	​	$	393,457	​	$	1,313,563	​	$	1,126,523
Other fees:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Late charges	​	​	21,477	​	​	19,122	​	​	61,383	​	​	53,979
Other	​	​	4,503	​	​	3,804	​	​	12,042	​	​	9,593
​	​	$	486,339	​	$	416,383	​	$	1,386,988	​	$	1,190,095

​

​

Note 12—Other Assets

​

Other assets are summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	September 30,	​	​	December 31,
​	​	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Margin deposits	​	$	204,126	​	$	288,153
Capitalized software, net	​	​	104,939	​	​	120,802
Servicing fees receivable, net	​	​	41,534	​	​	38,676
Other servicing receivables	​	​	52,861	​	​	54,058
Prepaid expenses	​	​	46,012	​	​	45,762
Interest receivable	​	​	45,622	​	​	41,286
Operating lease right-of-use assets	​	​	39,639	​	​	36,572
Real estate acquired in settlement of loans	​	​	37,607	​	​	14,976
Deposits securing Assets sold under agreements to repurchase and <br>Notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets	​	​	11,848	​	​	16,697
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and building improvements, net	​	​	11,097	​	​	12,916
Other	​	​	147,110	​	​	100,183
​	​	$	742,395	​	$	770,081
Deposits securing Assets sold under agreements to repurchase or Notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets	​	$	11,848	​	$	16,697

​

​

​ 43

Table of Contents ​

Note 13—Leases

​

The Company has operating lease agreements relating to its facilities. The Company’s operating lease agreements have remaining terms ranging from less than one year to eight years. Some of the operating lease agreements include options to extend the term for up to five years. None of the Company’s operating lease agreements require the Company to make variable lease payments.

​

The Company’s lease agreements are summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	​	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(dollars in thousands)
Lease expense:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Operating leases	​	$	4,142	​	$	3,917	​	$	12,177	​	$	11,952
Short-term leases	​	​	114	​	​	66	​	​	262	​	​	234
Sublease income	​	​	(377)	​	​	(394)	​	​	(1,132)	​	​	(1,136)
Net lease expense included in Occupancy and equipment expense	​	$	3,879	​	$	3,589	​	$	11,307	​	$	11,050
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Other information:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Payments for operating leases	​	$	4,918	​	$	5,093	​	$	15,330	​	$	15,053
Operating lease right-of-use assets recognized	​	$	12,413	​	$	1,388	​	$	13,622	​	$	1,388
Period end weighted averages:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Remaining lease term (in years)	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	4.8	​	​	3.7
Discount rate	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	4.8%	​	​	4.0%

​

Lease payment obligations attributable to the Company’s operating lease liabilities are summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​
Twelve months ended September 30,	​	Operating leases
​	​	(in thousands)
2026	​	$	5,119
2027	​	​	17,441
2028	​	​	9,560
2029	​	​	7,956
2030	​	​	6,780
Thereafter	​	​	13,045
Total lease payments	​	​	59,901
Less imputed interest	​	​	(6,852)
Operating lease liability included in Accounts payable and accrued expenses	​	$	53,049

​

​

Note 14—Short-Term Debt

​

The borrowing facilities described throughout these Notes 14 and 15 contain various covenants, including financial covenants governing the Company’s net worth, debt-to-equity ratio and liquidity. Management believes that the Company was in compliance with these covenants as of September 30, 2025.

​

Assets Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase

​

The Company has multiple borrowing facilities in the form of asset sales under agreements to repurchase. These borrowing facilities are secured by principal-only stripped MBS, loans held for sale, participation certificates backed by mortgage servicing assets or margin deposits. Eligible assets are sold at advance rates based on the fair value (as determined by the lender) of the assets sold. Interest is charged at a rate based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). Principal-only stripped MBS, mortgage servicing assets, loans and participation certificates backed by mortgage servicing assets financed under these agreements may be re-pledged by the lenders.

​ 44

Table of Contents Assets sold under agreements to repurchase are summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(dollars in thousands)
Average balance of assets sold under agreements to repurchase	​	$	7,719,152	​	$	5,638,124	​	$	7,010,169	​	$	4,982,988
Weighted average interest rate (1)	​	​	5.95%	​	​	6.88%	​	​	5.97%	​	​	7.04%
Total interest expense	​	$	121,170	​	$	102,708	​	$	328,084	​	$	279,730
Maximum daily amount outstanding	​	$	8,926,829	​	$	6,608,245	​	$	8,926,829	​	$	7,122,796
(1)	Excludes the effect of amortization of debt issuance costs and non-utilization fees of $5.3 million and $5.2 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $15.3 million and $17.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
---	---

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	September 30,		​	December 31,
​	****	​	​	​	​	​	​	2025		****	2024
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	(dollars in thousands)
Carrying value:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Unpaid principal balance	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	7,138,415	​	$	8,692,756
Unamortized debt issuance costs	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	(7,992)	​	​	(7,549)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	7,130,423	​	$	8,685,207
Weighted average interest rate	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	5.55%	​	​	5.89%
Available borrowing capacity (1):	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Committed	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	1,595,464	​	$	460,000
Uncommitted	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	3,762,269	​	​	3,104,026
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	5,357,733	​	$	3,564,026
Assets securing repurchase agreements:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	774,021	​	$	825,865
Loans held for sale	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	6,693,386	​	$	7,612,832
Servicing advances (2)	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	261,752	​	$	357,939
Mortgage servicing rights (2)	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	8,197,102	​	$	7,488,539
Deposits (2)	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	11,848	​	$	16,697
(1)	The amount the Company is able to borrow under asset repurchase agreements is tied to the fair value of unencumbered assets eligible to secure those agreements and the Company’s ability to fund the agreements’ margin requirements relating to the assets financed.
---	---
(2)	Beneficial interests in the Ginnie Mae MSRs, Fannie Mae MSRs, servicing advances and deposits together serve as the collateral backing servicing asset financing facilities that are included in Assets sold under agreements to repurchase and the term notes and term loans included in Notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets. The term notes and term loans are described in Note 15–Long-Term Debt - Notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets.
---	---

​ 45

Table of Contents Maturities

​

Following is a summary of maturities of outstanding advances under asset repurchase agreements by maturity date:

​

​	​	​	​
Remaining maturity at September 30, 2025 (1)	****	Unpaid principal balance
​	​	(dollars in thousands)
Within 30 days	​	$	1,444,994
Over 30 to 90 days	​	​	4,953,472
Over 90 to 180 days	​	​	133,483
Over 180 days to one year	​	​	540,960
Over one year to two years	​	​	65,506
Total assets sold under agreements to repurchase	​	$	7,138,415
Weighted average maturity (in months)	​	​	2.7
(1)	The Company is subject to margin calls during the periods the agreements are outstanding and therefore may be required to repay a portion of the borrowings before the respective agreements mature if the fair values (as determined by the applicable lender) of the assets securing those agreements decrease.
---	---

​

Amounts at Risk

​

The amount at risk (the fair value of the assets pledged plus the related margin deposit, less the amount advanced by the counterparty and interest payable) relating to the Company’s assets sold under agreements to repurchase is summarized by asset type and counterparty below as of September 30, 2025:

​

Loans held for sale and MSRs

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	Weighted average	​	​
Counterparty	****	Amount at risk		****	maturity of advances	****	Facility maturity
​	​	(in thousands)		​	​	​	​
Atlas Securitized Products, L.P., Goldman Sachs Bank USA, Nomura Corporate Funding Americas and Mizuho Bank, Ltd. (1)	​	$	6,908,399	​	August 7, 2026	​	August 7, 2026
Atlas Securitized Products, L.P.	​	$	196,889	​	January 20, 2026	​	June 26, 2026
Bank of America, N.A.	​	$	88,716	​	November 4, 2025	​	June 9, 2027
Royal Bank of Canada	​	$	45,082	​	November 1, 2025	​	August 10, 2026
Mizuho Bank, Ltd.	​	$	33,596	​	February 13, 2026	​	March 14, 2026
Citibank, N.A.	​	$	31,591	​	November 30, 2025		August 21, 2026
JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.	​	$	28,159	​	January 28, 2026	​	June 25, 2027
Nomura Corporate Funding Americas	​	$	27,613	​	October 23, 2025	​	January 22, 2026
Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A.	​	$	24,814	​	December 16, 2025	​	May 22, 2026
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.	​	$	20,975	​	December 14, 2025	​	June 11, 2027
BNP Paribas	​	$	18,641	​	December 23, 2025	​	September 30, 2026
Goldman Sachs Bank USA	​	$	6,225	​	December 18, 2025	​	February 13, 2027
Barclays Bank PLC	​	$	3,705	​	January 8, 2026	​	March 6, 2026
(1)	The amount at risk includes the beneficial interests in Ginnie Mae MSRs, Fannie Mae MSRs and servicing advances pledged to serve as the collateral backing servicing asset facilities that are included in Assets sold under agreements to repurchase and the term notes and term loans included in Notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets. The facilities mature on various dates through October 25, 2026 and the facility maturity date shown in this table represents a weighted average of those dates.
---	---

46

Table of Contents Principal-only stripped MBS

​

​	​	​	​	​	​
Counterparty	****	Amount at risk		****	Maturity
​	​	(in thousands)		​	​
Bank of America, N.A.	​	$	2,520	​	October 24, 2025
JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.	​	$	19,591	​	October 7, 2025
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.	​	$	16,630	​	October 23, 2025
Santander US Capital Markets LLC	​	$	13,954	​	October 15, 2025

​

Mortgage Loan Participation Purchase and Sale Agreements

​

Two of the borrowing facilities secured by loans held for sale are in the form of mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements. Participation certificates, each of which represents an undivided beneficial ownership interest in mortgage loans that have been pooled with Ginnie Mae, Freddie Mac, or Fannie Mae, are sold to a lender pending securitization of the mortgage loans and sale of the resulting securities. A commitment to sell the securities resulting from the pending securitization between the Company and a non-affiliate is also assigned to the lender at the time a participation certificate is sold.

​

The purchase price paid by the lender for each participation certificate is based on the trade price of the security, plus an amount of interest expected to accrue on the security to its anticipated delivery date, minus a present value adjustment, any related hedging costs, and a holdback amount, that is based on a percentage of the purchase price. The holdback amount is not required to be paid to the Company until the settlement of the security and its delivery to the lender.

​

The mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements are summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(dollars in thousands)
Average balance	​	$	284,778	​	$	256,995	​	$	276,645	​	$	242,890
Weighted average interest rate (1)	​	​	5.62%	​	​	6.56%	​	​	5.64%	​	​	6.64%
Total interest expense	​	$	4,267	​	$	4,411	​	$	12,239	​	$	12,597
Maximum daily amount outstanding	​	$	701,233	​	$	518,042	​	$	701,233	​	$	518,042
(1)	Excludes the effect of amortization of debt issuance costs totaling $234,000 and $176,000 for the quarters ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively and $578,000 and $523,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
---	---

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	****	​	​	​	​	​	​	September 30,		​	December 31,
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	2025		****	2024
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	(dollars in thousands)
Carrying value:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Unpaid principal balance	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	699,885	​	$	496,856
Unamortized debt issuance costs	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	(703)	​	​	(344)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	699,182		$	496,512
Weighted average interest rate	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	5.38%	​	​	5.58%
Fair value of loans pledged to secure mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	740,464	​	$	528,002

​

​

​ 47

Table of Contents Note 15—Long-Term Debt

​

Notes Payable Secured by Mortgage Servicing Assets

​

Term Notes and Term Loans

​

The Company, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries PNMAC, PLS and the PNMAC GMSR ISSUER TRUST (“Issuer Trust”) has entered into a structured finance transaction, in which PLS pledges and/or sells to the Issuer Trust participation certificates representing beneficial interests in Ginnie Mae mortgage servicing assets pursuant to a repurchase agreement. The Issuer Trust has issued VFNs to PLS, has issued secured term notes (the “Term Notes”) to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and has entered into a series of syndicated term loans with various lenders (the “Term Loans”). The Term Notes and Term Loans are secured by the participation certificates relating to Ginnie Mae mortgage servicing assets financed pursuant to the servicing asset repurchase facilities, and rank pari passu with the mortgage servicing asset VFNs.

​

Following is a summary of the issued and outstanding Term Notes and Term Loans:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	Maturity date
Issuance date	****	Principal balance		****	Annual interest rate spread (1)	****	Stated	****	Optional extension (2)
​	​	(in thousands)		​	​	​	​	​	​
Term Notes:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
February 29, 2024	​	$	425,000	​	3.20%	​	March 26, 2029	​	March 25, 2031
August 14, 2025	​	​	300,000	​	2.45%	​	August 26, 2030	​	August 25, 2032
Term Loans:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
February 28, 2023	​	​	480,000	​	3.00%	​	February 25, 2028	​	February 25, 2029
October 25, 2023	​	​	125,000	​	3.00%	​	October 25, 2028	​	​
​	​	$	1,330,000	​	​	​	​	​	​
(1)	Interest is charged at a rate of SOFR plus a spread.
---	---
(2)	The Term Notes and Term Loans’ indentures provide the Company with the option to extend the maturity of certain of the Term Notes or Term Loans as specified in the respective agreements.
---	---

​

Freddie Mac MSR Notes Payable

​

The Company has notes payable facilities with two lenders that are secured by Freddie Mac MSRs. Interest is charged at a rate of SOFR plus a spread as defined in the agreements. The facilities expire on March 6 and August 21, 2026. The maximum amount that the Company may borrow under the notes payable is $1.1 billion, $1.0 billion of which is committed, and may be reduced by other debt outstanding with the counterparties.

​

Notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets are summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(dollars in thousands)
Average balance	​	$	1,393,315	​	$	1,730,000	​	$	1,649,964	​	$	1,850,621
Weighted average interest rate (1)	​	​	7.45%	​	​	8.86%	​	​	7.72%	​	​	8.88%
Total interest expense	​	$	26,417	​	$	39,265	​	$	98,738	​	$	125,203
(1)	Excludes the effect of amortization of debt issuance costs totaling $249,000 and $726,000 for the quarters ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $3.4 million and $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
---	---

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​

48

Table of Contents

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	September 30,		​	December 31,
​		​	​	​	​	​	​	2025			2024
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	(dollars in thousands)
Carrying value:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Unpaid principal balance:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Term Notes and Term Loans	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	1,330,000		$	1,730,000
Freddie Mac MSR notes payable	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	—	​	​	325,000
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	1,330,000	​	​	2,055,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	(4,284)	​	​	(6,028)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	1,325,716	​	$	2,048,972
Weighted average interest rate	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	7.11%	​	​	7.81%
Assets pledged to secure notes payable (1):	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Servicing advances	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	261,752	​	$	357,939
Mortgage servicing rights	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	9,440,264	​	$	8,609,388
Deposits	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	11,848	​	$	16,697
(1)	Beneficial interests in the Ginnie Mae MSRs, Fannie Mae MSRs, servicing advances and deposits together serve as the collateral backing servicing asset facilities that include Assets sold under agreements to repurchase and the Term Notes and Term Loans included in Notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets.
---	---

​

Unsecured Senior Notes

The Company has issued unsecured senior notes (the “Unsecured Notes”) to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A of the Securities Act. The Unsecured Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and will rank senior in right of payment to any future subordinate indebtedness of the Company, equally in right of payment with all existing and future senior indebtedness of the Company and effectively subordinate to any existing and future secured indebtedness of the Company to the extent of the fair value of collateral securing such indebtedness.

The Unsecured Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis by the Company’s existing and future wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries (other than certain excluded subsidiaries defined in the indenture under which the Unsecured Notes were issued). The guarantees are senior unsecured obligations of the guarantors and will rank senior in right of payment to any future subordinate indebtedness of the guarantors, equally in right of payment with all existing and future senior indebtedness of the guarantors and effectively subordinate to any existing and future secured indebtedness of the guarantors to the extent of the fair value of collateral securing such indebtedness. The Unsecured Notes and the guarantees are structurally subordinate to the indebtedness and liabilities of the Company’s subsidiaries that do not guarantee the Unsecured Notes.

Following is a summary of the Company’s outstanding Unsecured Notes:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Issuance date	​	Principal balance		​	Note interest rate	​	Maturity date	​	Optional redemption date (1)
​	​	(in thousands)		​	(annual)	​	​	​	​
February 11, 2021	​	$	650,000	​	4.25%	​	February 15, 2029	​	February 15, 2024
September 16, 2021	​	​	500,000	​	5.75%	​	September 15, 2031	​	September 15, 2026
December 11, 2023	​	​	750,000	​	7.875%	​	December 15, 2029	​	December 15, 2026
May 23, 2024	​	​	650,000	​	7.125%	​	November 15, 2030	​	November 15, 2026
February 6, 2025	​	​	850,000	​	6.875%	​	February 15, 2033	​	February 15, 2028
May 1, 2025	​	​	850,000	​	6.875%	​	May 15, 2032	​	May 15, 2028
August 7, 2025	​	​	650,000	​	6.750%	​	February 15, 2034	​	August 15, 2028
​	​	$	4,900,000	​	​	​	​	​	​
(1)	Before the optional redemption date, the Company may redeem some or all of the Unsecured Notes for that issuance at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest and a make-whole premium or the Company may redeem up to 40% of the Unsecured Notes for that issuance with an amount equal to or less than the net proceeds from certain equity offerings at the redemption price set forth in the indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest. On or after the optional redemption date, the Company may redeem some or all of the Unsecured Notes for that issuance at the redemption prices set forth in the indenture, plus accrued interest.
---	---

49

Table of Contents ​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(dollars in thousands)
Average balance	​	$	4,603,261	​	$	3,200,000	​	$	4,173,443	​	$	2,860,766
Weighted average interest rate (1)	​	​	6.56%	​	​	6.15%	​	​	6.42%	​	​	6.03%
Total interest expense	​	$	78,014	​	$	51,147	​	$	208,308	​	$	133,947
(1)	Excludes the effect of amortization of debt issuance costs of $2.5 million and $1.8 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $7.4 million and $4.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
---	---

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	September 30,		​	December 31,
​		​	​	​	​	​	​	2025			2024
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	(dollars in thousands)
Carrying value:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Unpaid principal balance	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	4,900,000	​	$	3,200,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs and premiums, net	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	(70,887)	​	​	(35,968)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	4,829,113	​	$	3,164,032
Weighted average interest rate	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	6.58%	​	​	6.15%

​

Maturities of Long-Term Debt

​

Maturities of long-term debt (based on stated maturity dates) are as follows:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Twelve months ended September 30,																	​	​	​
​	****	2026		****	2027		****	2028		****	2029		****	2030		****	Thereafter		****	Total
​	​	(in thousands)
Notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets (1)	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	480,000	​	$	550,000	​	$	300,000	​	$	—	​	$	1,330,000
Unsecured senior notes	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	650,000	​	​	750,000	​	​	3,500,000	​	​	4,900,000
Total	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	480,000	​	$	1,200,000	​	$	1,050,000	​	$	3,500,000	​	$	6,230,000
(1)	The Term Notes and Term Loans’ indentures provide the Company with the option to extend the maturity of the Term Notes and Term Loans as specified in the respective agreements.
---	---

​

​

​

​

​

​

Note 16—Liability for Losses Under Representations and Warranties

​

Following is a summary of the Company’s liability for losses under representations and warranties:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	​	$	31,763	​	$	28,688	​	$	29,129	​	$	30,788
Provision for losses:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Resulting from sales of loans	​	​	4,719	​	​	4,070	​	​	12,320	​	​	12,151
Resulting from change in estimate	​	​	(2,365)	​	​	(3,481)	​	​	(6,000)	​	​	(10,877)
Losses incurred	​	​	(1,053)	​	​	(991)	​	​	(2,385)	​	​	(3,776)
Balance at end of period	​	$	33,064	​	$	28,286	​	$	33,064	​	$	28,286
Unpaid principal balance of loans subject to <br>representations and warranties at end of period	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	472,890,874	​	$	396,102,491

​

​ 50

Table of Contents Note 17—Income Taxes

​

The Company’s effective income tax rates were 23.2% and 26.1% for the quarters ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 5.5% and 23.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decreases in the effective income tax rates for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 are primarily due to the enactment of California Senate Bill 132, signed into law June 27, 2025 and effective January 1, 2025. The law requires financial institutions to apportion their California income using a single sales factor instead of a factor equally weighted with property, payroll and sales. The Company's effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 includes a repricing of deferred tax liabilities resulting from this apportionment rule change.

​

Note 18—Commitments and Contingencies

​

Commitments to Purchase and Fund Mortgage Loans

​

The Company’s commitments to purchase and fund loans totaled $12.8 billion as of September 30, 2025.

​

Legal and Regulatory Proceedings

​

From time to time, the Company may be a party to legal and regulatory proceedings, lawsuits and other claims arising in the ordinary course of its business. The amount, if any, of ultimate liability with respect to such matters cannot be determined, but despite the inherent uncertainties of litigation, management believes that the ultimate disposition of any such proceedings and exposure will not have, individually or taken together, a material adverse effect on the financial condition, income, or cash flows of the Company.

​

​

Note 19—Stockholders’ Equity

​

The Company’s stock repurchase program provides for the repurchase of up to $2 billion of its common stock, before transaction costs and excise tax.

​

Following is a summary of activity under the stock repurchase program:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,					​	Cumulative
​	​	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024		****	total (1)
​	​	(in thousands)
Shares of common stock repurchased	​	​	50	​	​	—	​	​	50	​	​	—	​	​	34,113
Cost of shares of common stock repurchased	​	$	4,739	​	$	—	​	$	4,739	​	$	—	​	$	1,792,937
(1)	Amounts represent the total shares of common stock repurchased under the stock repurchase program from inception through September 30, 2025. Cumulative total cost of shares of common stock repurchased includes $537,000 of transaction fees as of September 30, 2025.
---	---

​

​

​ 51

Table of Contents Note 20—Net Gains on Loans Held for Sale

​

Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value are summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​		2025			2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
From non-affiliates:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Cash losses:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Loans	​	$	(258,450)	​	$	(108,058)	​	$	(1,107,970)		$	(831,070)
Hedging activities	​	​	(26,139)	​	​	(274,090)	​	​	(442,610)	​	​	(31,319)
​	​	​	(284,589)	​	​	(382,148)	​	​	(1,550,580)	​	​	(862,389)
Non-cash gains:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Mortgage servicing rights resulting from loan sales	​	​	700,326	​	​	578,982	​	​	2,165,213	​	​	1,532,709
Provisions for losses relating to representations and warranties:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Pursuant to loan sales	​	​	(4,719)	​	​	(4,070)	​	​	(12,320)	​	​	(12,151)
Reductions in liability due to changes in estimate	​	​	2,365	​	​	3,481	​	​	6,000	​	​	10,877
Changes in fair values of loans and derivatives held at end of period:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest rate lock commitments	​	​	(20,563)	​	​	49,862	​	​	88,025	​	​	29,021
Loans	​	​	(828)	​	​	(48,504)	​	​	(103,135)	​	​	(23,554)
Hedging derivatives	​	​	(94,991)	​	​	56,710	​	​	147,581	​	​	(80,869)
​	​	​	297,001	​	​	254,313	​	​	740,784	​	​	593,644
From PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust (1)	​	​	17,454	​	​	2,506	​	​	29,367	​	​	1,680
​	​	$	314,455	​	$	256,819	​	$	770,151	​	$	595,324
(1)	The terms of loan sales to PMT are described in Note 5–Related Party Transactions–PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust–Operating Activities.
---	---

​

​

​

Note 21—Net Interest (Expense) Income

​

Net interest (expense) income is summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Interest income:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Cash and short-term investments	​	$	11,698	​	$	15,641	​	$	32,624	​	$	43,395
Principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities	​	​	13,881	​	​	20,412	​	​	32,424	​	​	29,756
Loans held for sale	​	​	113,039	​	​	80,103	​	​	306,158	​	​	231,807
Placement fees relating to custodial funds	​	​	109,706	​	​	109,201	​	​	287,476	​	​	277,564
Other	​	​	429	​	​	113	​	​	1,871	​	​	185
​	​	​	248,753	​	​	225,470	​	​	660,553	​	​	582,707
Interest expense:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Assets sold under agreements to repurchase	​	​	121,170	​	​	102,708	​	​	328,084	​	​	279,730
Mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements	​	​	4,267	​	​	4,411	​	​	12,239	​	​	12,597
Notes payable secured by mortgage servicing assets	​	​	26,417	​	​	39,265	​	​	98,738	​	​	125,203
Unsecured senior notes	​	​	78,014	​	​	51,147	​	​	208,308	​	​	133,947
Interest shortfall on repayments of mortgage loans serviced for Agency securitizations	​	​	14,855	​	​	15,711	​	​	38,687	​	​	29,734
Interest on mortgage loan impound deposits	​	​	4,370	​	​	3,450	​	​	9,214	​	​	8,399
Other	​	​	807	​	​	905	​	​	2,289	​	​	1,627
​	​	​	249,900	​	​	217,597	​	​	697,559	​	​	591,237
​	​	$	(1,147)	​	$	7,873	​	$	(37,006)	​	$	(8,530)

​ 52

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​

Note 22—Stock-based Compensation

​

Following is a summary of the stock-based compensation activity:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Grants:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Units:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Performance-based restricted share units ("RSUs")	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	185	​	​	246
Stock options	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	187	​	​	188
Time-based RSUs	​	​	1	​	​	4	​	​	261	​	​	151
Grant date fair value:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Performance-based RSUs	​	$	—	​	$	—	​	$	18,788	​	$	20,915
Stock options	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	8,138	​	​	6,935
Time-based RSUs	​	​	145	​	​	449	​	​	26,629	​	​	12,927
Total	​	$	145	​	$	449	​	$	53,555	​	$	40,777
Vesting and exercise:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Performance-based RSUs vested	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	309
Stock options exercised	​	​	250	​	​	239	​	​	388	​	​	666
Time-based RSUs vested	​	​	2	​	​	—	​	​	189	​	​	211
Stock-based compensation expense	​	$	9,929	​	$	18,943	​	$	28,531	​	$	21,314

​

​

​

​

Note 23—Disaggregation of Certain Expense Captions

​

Following are the disaggregation of certain expense captions:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
Expense line	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Technology	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Amortization of capitalized software	​	$	11,220	​	$	11,836	​	$	36,014	​	$	36,259
Impairment of capitalized software	​	​	4,333	​	​	—	​	​	4,333	​	​	—
Other (1)	​	​	29,219	​	​	25,223	​	​	86,879	​	​	72,457
Total technology expense	​	$	44,772	​	$	37,059	​	$	127,226	​	$	108,716
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Occupancy and equipment	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Depreciation	​	$	1,736	​	$	1,925	​	$	5,569	​	$	5,906
Operating lease cost	​	​	3,765		​	3,523	​	​	11,045		​	10,816
Short-term lease cost	​	​	114	​	​	66	​	​	262	​	​	234
Other (2)	​	​	2,989	​	​	2,642	​	​	8,489	​	​	7,769
Total occupancy and equipment expense	​	$	8,604	​	$	8,156	​	$	25,365	​	$	24,725
(1)	Other technology expenses primarily consist of software licensing and maintenance and data center expenses.
---	---

​

(2)	Other occupancy and equipment expenses primarily consist of common area maintenance charges, repair and security expenses.

53

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Note 24—Earnings Per Share

​

Basic earnings per share is determined by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the quarter. Diluted earnings per share is determined by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding, assuming all dilutive securities were issued.

​

The Company’s potentially dilutive securities are stock-based compensation awards. The Company applies the treasury stock method to determine the diluted weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding based on the outstanding stock-based compensation awards.

​

The following table summarizes the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Net income	​	$	181,503		$	69,368	​	$	394,246		$	206,934
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding	​	​	51,730	​	​	51,180	​	​	51,635	​	​	50,895
Effect of dilutive securities - shares issuable under stock-based compensation plan	​	​	2,149	​	​	2,315	​	​	2,099	​	​	2,379
Weighted average diluted shares of common stock outstanding	​	​	53,879	​	​	53,495	​	​	53,734	​	​	53,274
Basic earnings per share	​	$	3.51	​	$	1.36	​	$	7.64	​	$	4.07
Diluted earnings per share	​	$	3.37	​	$	1.30	​	$	7.34	​	$	3.88

​

Calculations of diluted earnings per share require certain potentially dilutive shares to be excluded when their inclusion in the diluted earnings per share calculation would be anti-dilutive. The following table summarizes the weighted-average number of anti-dilutive outstanding RSUs and stock options excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands except for weighted average exercise price)
Performance-based RSUs (1)	​	​	200	​	​	809	​	​	171	​	​	772
Time-based RSUs	​	​	—	​	​	1	​	​	67	​	​	23
Stock options (2)	​	​	177	​	​	184	​	​	181	​	​	145
Total anti-dilutive units and options	​	​	377	​	​	994	​	​	419	​	​	940
Weighted average exercise price of anti-dilutive stock options (2)	​	$	101.76	​	$	84.93	​	$	99.50	​	$	84.93
(1)	Certain performance-based RSUs were outstanding but not included in the computation of earnings per share because the performance thresholds included in such RSUs have not been achieved.
---	---
(2)	Certain stock options were outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the combination of the weighted-average exercise prices and average unamortized stock compensation cost exceeded the average market price of the outstanding stock options for the period.
---	---

​

​ 54

Table of Contents Note 25—Regulatory Capital and Liquidity Requirements

​

The Company, through PLS, is required to maintain specified levels of capital and liquidity to remain a seller/servicer in good standing with the Agencies. Such capital and liquidity requirements generally are tied to the size of the PLS’s loan servicing portfolio and loan origination volume.

​

The Agencies’ capital and liquidity levels and requirements, the calculations of which are specified by each Agency, are summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	September 30, 2025					​	December 31, 2024					​
Requirement/Agency	****	Actual (1)		****	Requirement (1)		****	Actual (1)		****	Requirement (1)		****
​	​	(dollars in thousands)											​
Capital	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac	​	$	7,955,212	​	$	1,510,727	​	$	7,457,748	​	$	1,380,100	​
Ginnie Mae	​	$	7,798,589	​	$	1,662,844	​	$	6,952,347	​	$	1,526,074	​
HUD	​	$	7,798,589	​	$	2,500	​	$	6,952,347	​	$	2,500	​
Risk-based capital	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Ginnie Mae	​	​	41	%	​	6	%	​	40	%	​	6	%
Liquidity	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac	​	$	1,124,919	​	$	696,067	​	$	870,243	​	$	630,698	​
Ginnie Mae	​	$	1,070,163	​	$	511,389	​	$	1,208,755	​	$	460,200	​
Adjusted net worth / Total assets ratio	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Ginnie Mae	​	​	39	%	​	6	%	​	35	%	​	6	%
Tangible net worth / Total assets ratio	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac	​	​	32	%	​	6	%	​	29	%	​	6	%
(1)	Calculated in accordance with the respective Agency’s requirements.
---	---

​

Noncompliance with an Agency’s requirements can result in such Agency taking various remedial actions up to and including terminating the Company’s ability to sell loans to and service loans on behalf of the respective Agency.

​

​

Note 26—Segments

​

The Company’s reportable segments are identified based on their unique business activities. The following disclosures about the Company’s business segments are presented consistent with the way the Company’s chief operating decision maker organizes and evaluates financial information for making operating decisions and assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its chief executive officer. The reportable segments are evaluated based on income or loss before provision for income taxes. The chief operating decision maker uses pre-tax segment results to assess segment performance and allocate operating and capital resources among the two reportable segments described below. The segments are separately evaluated because they represent different services.

​

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company adopted ASU 2023 - 07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”). Concurrent with the adoption of ASU 2023 - 7, the Company reassessed its segment definitions to those shown below. Prior period amounts have been recast to conform the prior quarter presentation to the current quarter presentation.

​

The Company conducts its business in two operating and reportable segments, “production” and “servicing”:

​

●	The production segment performs loan origination, acquisition and sale activities, including the fulfillment of correspondent production activities for PMT.

​

●	The servicing segment performs servicing and subservicing of loans on behalf of non-affiliate investors, execution and management of early buyout transactions, and servicing of loans and MSRs sourced and managed for PMT.

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●	Non-segment activities are included under the heading “Corporate and other” and include amounts attributable to corporate activities that are not directly attributable to the production and servicing segments as well as investment management fees earned from PMT. None of the corporate and other items meet the quantitative threshold to be classified as a reportable segment.

​

Financial performance and results by segment are as follows:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30, 2025														​
​	****	Production		****	Servicing		****	Reportable segment total		****	Corporate and other		****	Consolidated total
​	​	(in thousands)														​
Revenues: (1)	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​		​	​		​	​	​	​
Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value	​	$	280,092	​	$	34,363	​	$	314,455	​	$	—	​	$	314,455	​
Loan origination fees	​	​	61,696	​	​	—	​	​	61,696	​	​	—	​	​	61,696	​
Fulfillment fees from PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	6,162	​	​	—	​	​	6,162	​	​	—	​	​	6,162	​
Net loan servicing fees	​	​	—	​	​	241,238	​	​	241,238	​	​	—	​	​	241,238	​
Management fees	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	6,912	​	​	6,912	​
Net interest (expense) income :	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest income	​	​	111,332	​	​	137,098	​	​	248,430	​	​	323	​	​	248,753	​
Interest expense	​	​	97,680	​	​	152,220	​	​	249,900	​	​	—	​	​	249,900	​
​	​	​	13,652	​	​	(15,122)	​	​	(1,470)	​	​	323	​	​	(1,147)	​
Other	​	​	172	​	​	(980)	​	​	(808)	​	​	4,390	​	​	3,582	​
Total net revenues	​	​	361,774	​	​	259,499	​	​	621,273	​	​	11,625	​	​	632,898	​
Expenses:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Compensation	​	​	114,491	​	​	52,061	​	​	166,552	​	​	38,762	​	​	205,314	​
Loan origination	​	​	69,407	​	​	—	​	​	69,407	​	​	—	​	​	69,407	​
Technology	​	​	30,841	​	​	10,130	​	​	40,971	​	​	3,801	​	​	44,772	​
Servicing	​	​	—	​	​	29,105	​	​	29,105	​	​	—	​	​	29,105	​
Marketing and advertising	​	​	12,342	​	​	466	​	​	12,808	​	​	1,208	​	​	14,016	​
Professional services	​	​	3,493	​	​	1,799	​	​	5,292	​	​	4,853	​	​	10,145	​
Occupancy and equipment	​	​	4,333	​	​	2,625	​	​	6,958	​	​	1,646	​	​	8,604	​
Other (2)	​	​	3,985	​	​	5,912	​	​	9,897	​	​	5,264	​	​	15,161	​
Total expenses	​	​	238,892	​	​	102,098	​	​	340,990	​	​	55,534	​	​	396,524	​
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes	​	$	122,882	​	$	157,401	​	$	280,283	​	$	(43,909)	​	$	236,374	​
Segment assets at end of quarter	​	$	7,784,267	​	$	17,555,497	​	$	25,339,764	​	$	61,356	​	$	25,401,120	​
Acquisition of:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Capitalized software	​	$	8,115	​	$	—	​	$	8,115	​	$	86	​	$	8,201	​
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and building improvements	​	$	1,205	​	$	503	​	$	1,708	​	$	367	​	$	2,075	​
Amortization of capitalized software	​	$	9,594	​	$	1,475	​	$	11,069	​	$	151	​	$	11,220	​
Impairment of capitalized software	​	$	4,333	​	$	—	​	$	4,333	​	$	—	​	$	4,333	​
Depreciation and amortization of furniture, fixtures, equipment and building improvements	​	$	931	​	$	600	​	$	1,531	​	$	205	​	$	1,736	​
(1)	All revenues are from external customers. The segments do not recognize intersegment revenues.
---	---

​

(2)	Other expense includes smaller balance expense categories not separately provided to the chief operating decision maker such as safekeeping, travel, postage and corporate insurance.

​

​ 56

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​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30, 2024														​
​	****	Production		****	Servicing		****	Reportable segment total		****	Corporate and other		****	Consolidated total
​	​	(in thousands)														​
Revenues: (1)	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value	​	$	235,902	​	$	20,917	​	$	256,819	​	$	—	​	$	256,819	​
Loan origination fees	​	​	49,430	​	​	—	​	​	49,430	​	​	—	​	​	49,430	​
Fulfillment fees from PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	11,492	​	​	—	​	​	11,492	​	​	—	​	​	11,492	​
Net loan servicing fees	​	​	—	​	​	75,830	​	​	75,830	​	​	—	​	​	75,830	​
Management fees	​	​	—	​	​	​	​	​	—	​	​	7,153	​	​	7,153	​
Net interest (expense) income:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest income	​	​	79,427	​	​	145,567	​	​	224,994	​	​	476	​	​	225,470	​
Interest expense	​	​	81,496	​	​	136,101	​	​	217,597	​	​	—	​	​	217,597	​
​	​	​	(2,069)	​	​	9,466	​	​	7,397	​	​	476	​	​	7,873	​
Other	​	​	172	​	​	(269)	​	​	(97)	​	​	3,334	​	​	3,237	​
Total net revenues	​	​	294,927	​	​	105,944	​	​	400,871	​	​	10,963	​	​	411,834	​
Expenses:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Compensation	​	​	82,991	​	​	52,553	​	​	135,544	​	​	35,772	​	​	171,316	​
Loan origination	​	​	45,208	​	​	—	​	​	45,208	​	​	—	​	​	45,208	​
Technology	​	​	24,115	​	​	9,866	​	​	33,981	​	​	3,078	​	​	37,059	​
Servicing	​	​	—	​	​	28,885	​	​	28,885	​	​	—	​	​	28,885	​
Professional services	​	​	2,853	​	​	1,575	​	​	4,428	​	​	4,911	​	​	9,339	​
Occupancy and equipment	​	​	3,840	​	​	2,823	​	​	6,663	​	​	1,493	​	​	8,156	​
Marketing and advertising	​	​	4,830	​	​	28	​	​	4,858	​	​	230	​	​	5,088	​
Other (2)	​	​	1,716	​	​	6,866	​	​	8,582	​	​	4,276	​	​	12,858	​
Total expenses	​	​	165,553	​	​	102,596	​	​	268,149	​	​	49,760	​	​	317,909	​
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes	​	$	129,374	​	$	3,348	​	$	132,722	​	$	(38,797)	​	$	93,925	​
Segment assets at end of quarter	​	$	6,822,284	​	$	15,932,593	​	$	22,754,877	​	$	116,661	​	$	22,871,538	​
Acquisition of:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Capitalized software	​	$	3,252	​	$	988	​	$	4,240	​	$	100	​	$	4,340	​
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and building improvements	​	$	23	​	$	95	​	$	118	​	$	30	​	$	148	​
Amortization of capitalized software	​	$	9,872	​	$	1,870	​	$	11,742	​	$	94	​	$	11,836	​
Depreciation and amortization of furniture, fixtures, equipment and building improvements	​	$	918	​	$	698	​	$	1,616	​	$	309	​	$	1,925	​
(1)	All revenues are from external customers. The segments do not recognize intersegment revenues.
---	---

​

(2)	Other expense includes smaller balance expense categories not separately provided to the chief operating decision maker such as safekeeping, travel, postage and corporate insurance.

​ 57

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​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Nine months ended September 30, 2025														​
​	****	Production		****	Servicing		****	Reportable segment total		****	Corporate and other		****	Consolidated total
​	​	(in thousands)														​
Revenues: (1)	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​		​	​		​	​	​	​
Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value	​	$	671,198	​	$	98,953	​	$	770,151	​	$	—	​	$	770,151	​
Loan origination fees	​	​	167,398	​	​	—	​	​	167,398	​	​	—	​	​	167,398	​
Fulfillment fees from PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	17,266	​	​	—	​	​	17,266	​	​	—	​	​	17,266	​
Net loan servicing fees	​	​	—	​	​	555,919	​	​	555,919	​	​	—	​	​	555,919	​
Management fees	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	20,793	​	​	20,793	​
Net interest (expense) income:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest income	​	​	300,825	​	​	358,355	​	​	659,180	​	​	1,373	​	​	660,553	​
Interest expense	​	​	267,828	​	​	429,731	​	​	697,559	​	​	—	​	​	697,559	​
​	​	​	32,997	​	​	(71,376)	​	​	(38,379)	​	​	1,373	​	​	(37,006)	​
Other	​	​	435	​	​	(15)	​	​	420	​	​	13,590	​	​	14,010	​
Total net revenue	​	​	889,294	​	​	583,481	​	​	1,472,775	​	​	35,756	​	​	1,508,531	​
Expenses:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Compensation	​	​	317,816	​	​	156,315	​	​	474,131	​	​	100,712	​	​	574,843	​
Loan origination	​	​	182,339	​	​	—	​	​	182,339	​	​	—	​	​	182,339	​
Technology	​	​	83,782	​	​	30,020	​	​	113,802	​	​	13,424	​	​	127,226	​
Servicing	​	​	—	​	​	79,266	​	​	79,266	​	​	—	​	​	79,266	​
Marketing and advertising	​	​	30,641	​	​	1,223	​	​	31,864	​	​	3,973	​	​	35,837	​
Professional services	​	​	10,172	​	​	5,278	​	​	15,450	​	​	12,112	​	​	27,562	​
Occupancy and equipment	​	​	12,570	​	​	8,085	​	​	20,655	​	​	4,710	​	​	25,365	​
Other (2)	​	​	9,361	​	​	15,740	​	​	25,101	​	​	13,980	​	​	39,081	​
Total expenses	​	​	646,681	​	​	295,927	​	​	942,608	​	​	148,911	​	​	1,091,519	​
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes	​	$	242,613	​	$	287,554	​	$	530,167	​	$	(113,155)	​	$	417,012	​
Segment assets at end of period	​	$	7,784,267	​	$	17,555,497	​	$	25,339,764	​	$	61,356	​	$	25,401,120	​
Acquisition of:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Capitalized software	​	$	20,494	​	$	3,904	​	$	24,398	​	$	86	​	$	24,484	​
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and building improvements	​	$	2,009	​	$	872	​	$	2,881	​	$	870	​	$	3,751	​
Amortization of capitalized software	​	$	30,990	​	$	4,676	​	$	35,666	​	$	348	​	$	36,014	​
Impairment of capitalized software	​	$	4,333	​	$	—	​	$	4,333	​	$	—	​	$	4,333	​
Depreciation and amortization of furniture, fixtures, equipment and building improvements	​	$	2,875	​	$	1,897	​	$	4,772	​	$	797	​	$	5,569	​
(1)	All revenues are from external customers. The segments do not recognize intersegment revenues.
---	---

​

(2)	Other expense includes smaller balance expense categories not separately provided to the chief operating decision maker such as safekeeping, travel, postage and corporate insurance.

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​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Nine months ended September 30, 2024														​
​	****	Production		****	Servicing		****	Reportable segment total		****	Corporate and other		****	Consolidated total
​	​	(in thousands)														​
Revenues: (1)	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value	​	$	531,650	​	$	63,674	​	$	595,324	​	$	—	​	$	595,324	​
Loan origination fees	​	​	127,876	​	​	—	​	​	127,876	​	​	—	​	​	127,876	​
Fulfillment fees from PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	19,935	​	​	—	​	​	19,935	​	​	—	​	​	19,935	​
Net loan servicing fees	​	​	—	​	​	344,388	​	​	344,388	​	​	—	​	​	344,388	​
Management fees	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	21,474	​	​	21,474	​
Net interest (expense) income:	​	​	​	​	​	—	​	​	​	​	​	—	​	​	​	​
Interest income	​	​	227,443	​	​	353,814	​	​	581,257	​	​	1,450	​	​	582,707	​
Interest expense	​	​	226,768	​	​	364,469	​	​	591,237	​	​	—	​	​	591,237	​
​	​	​	675	​	​	(10,655)	​	​	(9,980)	​	​	1,450	​	​	(8,530)	​
Other	​	​	443	​	​	432	​	​	875	​	​	22,279	​	​	23,154	​
Total net revenue	​	​	680,579	​	​	397,839	​	​	1,078,418	​	​	45,203	​	​	1,123,621	​
Expenses:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Compensation	​	​	224,084	​	​	154,413	​	​	378,497	​	​	81,151	​	​	459,648	​
Loan origination	​	​	116,046	​	​	—	​	​	116,046	​	​	—	​	​	116,046	​
Technology	​	​	69,860	​	​	29,403	​	​	99,263	​	​	9,453	​	​	108,716	​
Servicing	​	​	—	​	​	67,909	​	​	67,909	​	​	—	​	​	67,909	​
Professional services	​	​	7,337	​	​	4,521	​	​	11,858	​	​	16,147	​	​	28,005	​
Occupancy and equipment	​	​	11,732	​	​	8,481	​	​	20,213	​	​	4,512	​	​	24,725	​
Marketing and advertising	​	​	13,219	​	​	78	​	​	13,297	​	​	907	​	​	14,204	​
Other (2)	​	​	5,080	​	​	15,330	​	​	20,410	​	​	12,296	​	​	32,706	​
Total expenses	​	​	447,358	​	​	280,135	​	​	727,493	​	​	124,466	​	​	851,959	​
Income (loss) before provision for income taxes	​	$	233,221	​	$	117,704	​	$	350,925	​	$	(79,263)	​	$	271,662	​
Segment assets at end of period	​	$	6,822,284	​	$	15,932,593	​	$	22,754,877	​	$	116,661	​	$	22,871,538	​
Acquisition of:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Capitalized software	​	$	10,577	​	$	2,073	​	$	12,650	​	$	351	​	$	13,001	​
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and building improvements	​	$	384	​	$	968	​	$	1,352	​	$	115	​	$	1,467	​
Amortization of capitalized software	​	$	29,130	​	$	6,087	​	$	35,217	​	$	1,042	​	$	36,259	​
Depreciation and amortization of furniture, fixtures, equipment and building improvements	​	$	2,802	​	$	2,136	​	$	4,938	​	$	968	​	$	5,906	​
(1)	All revenues are from external customers. The segments do not recognize intersegment revenues.
---	---

​

(2)	Other expense includes smaller balance expense categories not separately provided to the chief operating decision maker such as safekeeping, travel, postage and corporate insurance.

​

​

​ 59

Table of Contents Note 27—Subsequent Events

​

Management has evaluated all events and transactions through the date the Company issued these consolidated financial statements. During this period:

​

●	On October 21, 2025, the Company announced a cash dividend of $0.30 per common share. The dividend will be paid on November 26, 2025 to common stockholders of record as of November 17, 2025.

​

●	All agreements to sell assets under agreements to repurchase assets that matured before the date of this Report were extended or renewed.

​

​

​

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

​

Overview

​

The following discussion and analysis provides information that we believe is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our consolidated results of operations and financial condition. Unless the context indicates otherwise, references in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to the words “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to PFSI and its subsidiaries.

​

Our Company

​

We are a specialty financial services firm primarily focused on the production and servicing of U.S. residential mortgage loans (activities which we refer to as mortgage banking) and the management of investments related to the U.S. mortgage market. We believe that our operating capabilities, specialized expertise, access to long-term investment capital, and the experience of our management team across all aspects of the mortgage business allow us to profitably engage in mortgage banking and investing activities and capitalize on other related opportunities as they arise in the future.

​

Our primary assets are equity interests in Private National Mortgage Acceptance Company, LLC (“PNMAC”). We are the managing member of PNMAC, and we operate and control all of the businesses and affairs of PNMAC, and consolidate the financial results of PNMAC and its subsidiaries. We conduct our business in two segments: production and servicing:

​

●	The production segment performs loan origination, acquisition and sale activities.
●	The servicing segment performs loan servicing for both newly originated loans we are holding for sale and loans we service for others, including for PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust, a mortgage real estate investment trust separately listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol “PMT”.
---	---

​

Our principal mortgage banking subsidiary, PennyMac Loan Services, LLC (“PLS”), is a non-bank producer and servicer of mortgage loans in the United States. PLS is a seller/servicer for the Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), each of which is a government sponsored entity. PLS is also an approved issuer of securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), a lender of the Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), and a lender/servicer of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”). We refer to each of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Ginnie Mae, FHA, VA and USDA as an “Agency” and collectively as the “Agencies.” PLS is able to service loans in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and originate loans in all 50 states and the District of Columbia, either because PLS is properly licensed in a particular jurisdiction or exempt or otherwise not required to be licensed in that jurisdiction.

​

Our investment management subsidiary is PNMAC Capital Management, LLC (“PCM”), a Delaware limited liability company registered with the Securities Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. PCM has an investment management contract with PMT.

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Business Trends

​

Recent actions by the U.S. government administration with respect to trade, tariffs, government cost reduction initiatives and the shutdown of the federal government have led to significant volatility in financial markets and uncertainty regarding the economic outlook, including inflation and interest rates. Elevated interest rates in recent years have constrained growth in the size of the mortgage origination market, which is currently projected to increase from $1.7 trillion in 2024 to $2.0 trillion in 2025 according to mortgage industry economists.

​

The opportunity for refinancing has increased in recent periods, driven by interest rate volatility and a greater proportion of outstanding mortgages with note rates near current market rates. If such interest rate volatility continues, it may drive greater mortgage production activity and higher prepayment speeds than we have experienced in recent years. Additionally, reductions in the Federal Reserve’s federal funds rate have reduced the costs of floating rate borrowings and placement fees we receive in relation to custodial funds that we manage as compared to the same periods in the prior year. The current period of economic uncertainty and market volatility may also lead to a reduction in economic activity and slowing home price growth or depreciation, which could lead to increasing mortgage delinquencies or defaults and increase losses from our representations and warranties. A prolonged federal government shutdown could increase loan delinquencies, delay the processing of government loan applications and make it more difficult for customers in flood-prone areas to procure government-backed insurance.

​

We expect to sell a portion of the conventional loans and all of the jumbo loans from our correspondent channel to PMT in the fourth quarter of 2025.

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Results of Operations

​

Our results of operations are summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,					​
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024		****
​	​	(dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)											​
Revenues:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Loan production revenues (1)	​	$	382,313	​	$	317,741	​	$	954,815	​	$	743,135	​
Net loan servicing fees	​	​	241,238	​	​	75,830	​	​	555,919	​	​	344,388	​
Net interest expense	​	​	(1,147)	​	​	7,873	​	​	(37,006)	​	​	(8,530)	​
Other	​	​	10,494	​	​	10,390	​	​	34,803	​	​	44,628	​
Total net revenues	​	​	632,898	​	​	411,834	​	​	1,508,531	​	​	1,123,621	​
Expenses:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Compensation	​	​	205,314	​	​	171,316	​	​	574,843	​	​	459,648	​
Loan origination	​	​	69,407	​	​	45,208	​	​	182,339	​	​	116,046	​
Technology	​	​	44,772	​	​	37,059	​	​	127,226	​	​	108,716	​
Servicing	​	​	29,105	​	​	28,885	​	​	79,266	​	​	67,909	​
Marketing and advertising	​	​	14,016	​	​	5,088	​	​	35,837	​	​	14,204	​
Other	​	​	33,910	​	​	30,353	​	​	92,008	​	​	85,436	​
Total expenses	​	​	396,524	​	​	317,909	​	​	1,091,519	​	​	851,959	​
Income before provision for income taxes	​	​	236,374	​	​	93,925	​	​	417,012	​	​	271,662	​
Provision for income taxes	​	​	54,871	​	​	24,557	​	​	22,766	​	​	64,728	​
Net income	​	$	181,503	​	$	69,368	​	$	394,246	​	$	206,934	​
Earnings per share	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Basic	​	$	3.51	​	$	1.36	​	$	7.64	​	$	4.07	​
Diluted	​	$	3.37	​	$	1.30	​	$	7.34	​	$	3.88	​
Annualized return on average stockholders' equity	​	​	17.7%	​	​	7.5%	​	​	13.2%	​	​	7.6%	​
Dividends declared per share	​	$	0.30	​	$	0.30	​	$	0.90	​	$	0.70	​
Income before provision for income taxes by reportable segment and corporate and other:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Production	​	$	122,882	​	$	129,374	​	$	242,613	​	$	233,221	​
Servicing	​	​	157,401	​	​	3,348	​	​	287,554	​	​	117,704	​
Corporate and other	​	​	(43,909)	​	​	(38,797)	​	​	(113,155)	​	​	(79,263)	​
​	​	$	236,374	​	$	93,925	​	$	417,012	​	$	271,662	​
Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization <br>("Adjusted EBITDA") (3)	​	$	341,462	​	$	338,147	​	$	891,516	​	$	815,593	​
During the period:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest rate lock commitments issued (2)	​	$	38,820,607	​	$	31,229,731	​	$	109,875,011	​	$	81,814,185	​
Unpaid principal balance of loans originated and purchased by PFSI and fulfilled for PMT	​	$	37,422,020	​	$	31,749,386	​	$	103,885,896	​	$	80,518,546	​
At end of period:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest rate lock commitments outstanding	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	12,761,881	​	$	9,749,537	​
Unpaid principal balance of loan servicing portfolio:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Owned:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Mortgage servicing rights and liabilities	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	470,299,192	​	$	410,051,479	​
Loans held for sale	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	7,303,091	​	​	6,366,787	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	477,602,283	​	​	416,418,266	​
Subserviced for:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
PMT	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	227,101,009	​	​	231,378,323	​
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	65,286	​	​	257,696	​
Other non-affiliates	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	11,863,843	​	​	—	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	239,030,138	​	​	231,636,019	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	716,632,421	​	$	648,054,285	​
Book value per share	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	81.12	​	$	72.95	​
(1)	Includes Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value, Loan origination fees and Fulfillment fees from PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust.
---	---

​

(2)	Amounts exclude interest rate locks for loans to be fulfilled for PMT.

​

(3)

To provide investors with information in addition to our results as determined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”), we disclose Adjusted EBITDA as a non-GAAP measure. Adjusted EBITDA is a measure that is frequently used in our industry to measure performance and we believe that this measure provides supplemental information that is useful to investors. Adjusted EBITDA is not a financial measure

63

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calculated in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as a substitute for net income, or any other performance measure calculated in accordance with GAAP.

​

We define “Adjusted EBITDA” as net income plus provision for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, excluding decrease (increase) in fair value of mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”) net of mortgage servicing liabilities (“MSLs”), due to changes in the valuation inputs we use in our valuation models, hedging (gains) losses associated with MSRs, stock-based compensation and interest expense on corporate debt or corporate revolving credit facilities and capital leases.

​

We believe that the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors regarding our results of operations because each measure assists both investors and management in analyzing and benchmarking the performance and value of our business. However, other companies may define Adjusted EBITDA differently, and as a result, our measures of Adjusted EBITDA may not be directly comparable to those of other companies.

​

Adjusted EBITDA measures have limitations as analytical tools, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are:

a)	they do not reflect every cash expenditure, future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;
b)	they do not reflect the significant interest expense or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payment on our debt; and
---	---
c)	they are not adjusted for all non-cash income or expense items that are reflected in our consolidated statements of cash flows.
---	---

​

Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA measures are not intended as alternatives to net income as an indicator of our operating performance and should not be considered as measures of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business or as measures of cash that will be available to us to meet our obligations.

​

The following table presents a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to our net income, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, for the periods indicated:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Net income	​	$	181,503	​	$	69,368	​	$	394,246	​	$	206,934
Provision for income taxes	​	​	54,871	​	​	24,557	​	​	22,766	​	​	64,728
Income before provision for income taxes	​	​	236,374	​	​	93,925	​	​	417,012	​	​	271,662
Depreciation and amortization	​	​	12,956	​	​	13,761	​	​	41,583	​	​	42,165
Decrease in fair value of MSRs net of MSLs due to changes in valuation inputs used in valuation models	​	​	102,495	​	​	402,422	​	​	292,060	​	​	133,018
Hedging losses associated with MSRs	​	​	(98,306)	​	​	(242,051)	​	​	(95,978)	​	​	224,371
Stock‑based compensation	​	​	9,929	​	​	18,943	​	​	28,531	​	​	21,314
Interest expense on corporate debt or corporate revolving credit facilities and capital leases	​	​	78,014	​	​	51,147	​	​	208,308	​	​	133,947
Effect of non-recurring gain from joint venture and arbitration accrual	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	—	​	​	(10,884)
Adjusted EBITDA	​	$	341,462	​	$	338,147	​	$	891,516	​	$	815,593

​ 64

Table of Contents Income Before Provisions for Income Taxes

​

For the quarter ended September 30, 2025, income before income taxes increased $142.4 million compared to the same quarter in 2024. The increase was primarily due to a $165.4 million increase in Net loan servicing fees resulting from growth in servicing fees and decreased net MSR valuation losses, as well as a $64.5 million increase in loan production revenue due to higher volume across all production channels, partially offset by a $9.0 million increase in Net interest (expense) income and a $78.6 million increase in total expenses.

​

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, income before income taxes increased $145.4 million compared to the same period in 2024. The increase was primarily due to a $211.7 million increase in loan production revenue due to higher volume across all production channels and a $211.5 million increase in Net loan servicing fees resulting from growth in our servicing portfolio and decreased net MSR valuation losses, partially offset by a $28.5 million increase in Net interest (expense) income and a $239.6 million increase in total expenses.

​ 65

Table of Contents Net Gains on Loans Held for Sale at Fair Value

​

In our production segment, revenues reflect the effects of larger mortgage market volumes and increased share in our direct lending channels during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we recognized Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value totaling $314.5 million and $770.1 million, respectively, representing an increase of $57.6 million and $174.8 million, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024.

​

Our net gains on loans held for sale are summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
From non-affiliates:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Cash losses:	​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Loans	​	$	(258,450)	​	$	(108,058)	​	$	(1,107,970)	​	$	(831,070)
Hedging activities	​	​	(26,139)	​	​	(274,090)	​	​	(442,610)	​	​	(31,319)
Total cash losses	​	​	(284,589)	​	​	(382,148)	​	​	(1,550,580)	​	​	(862,389)
Non-cash gains:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Changes in fair values of loans and derivative financial instruments outstanding at end of period:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest rate lock commitments	​	​	(20,563)	​	​	49,862	​	​	88,025	​	​	29,021
Loans	​	​	(828)	​	​	(48,504)	​	​	(103,135)	​	​	(23,554)
Hedging derivatives	​	​	(94,991)	​	​	56,710	​	​	147,581	​	​	(80,869)
​	​	​	(116,382)	​	​	58,068	​	​	132,471	​	​	(75,402)
Mortgage servicing rights resulting from loan sales	​	​	700,326	​	​	578,982	​	​	2,165,213	​	​	1,532,709
Provisions for losses relating to representations and warranties:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Pursuant to loan sales	​	​	(4,719)	​	​	(4,070)	​	​	(12,320)	​	​	(12,151)
Reductions in liability due to changes in estimate	​	​	2,365	​	​	3,481	​	​	6,000	​	​	10,877
Total non-cash gains	​	​	581,590	​	​	636,461	​	​	2,291,364	​	​	1,456,033
Total gains on sale from non-affiliates	​	​	297,001	​	​	254,313	​	​	740,784	​	​	593,644
From PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	17,454	​	​	2,506	​	​	29,367	​	​	1,680
​	​	$	314,455	​	$	256,819	​	$	770,151	​	$	595,324
During the period:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Interest rate lock commitments issued (1):	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
By loan type:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Government-insured or guaranteed	​	$	16,620,278	​	$	18,459,268	​	$	50,944,892	​	$	43,317,600
Conventional conforming	​	​	19,742,694	​	​	11,546,902	​	​	52,656,502	​	​	35,893,186
Jumbo	​	​	1,819,548	​	​	745,601	​	​	4,421,861	​	​	1,328,095
Closed-end second lien mortgage	​	​	638,087	​	​	477,960	​	​	1,851,756	​	​	1,275,304
​	​	$	38,820,607	​	$	31,229,731	​	$	109,875,011	​	$	81,814,185
By production channel:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Correspondent	​	$	24,901,402	​	$	20,677,462	​	$	75,654,691	​	$	58,772,136
Broker direct	​	​	7,967,470	​	​	5,334,722	​	​	20,597,288	​	​	12,973,809
Consumer direct	​	​	5,951,735	​	​	5,217,547	​	​	13,623,032	​	​	10,068,240
​	​	$	38,820,607	​	$	31,229,731	​	$	109,875,011	​	$	81,814,185
At end of period:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Loans held for sale at fair value	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	7,490,473	​	$	6,565,704
Commitments to fund and purchase loans	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	12,761,881	​	$	9,749,537
(1)	Amounts exclude interest rate locks for loans to be fulfilled for PMT.
---	---

66

Table of Contents Non-Cash Elements of Gain on Sale of Loans Held for Sale

​

Our gains on loans held for sale include both cash and non-cash elements. We recognize a significant portion of our gains on loans held for sale when we make commitments to purchase or fund mortgage loans. We recognize this gain in the form of interest rate lock commitment (“IRLC”) derivatives. We adjust our initial gain amount as the loan purchase or origination process progresses until the loan is either funded or cancelled.

​

We also receive non-cash proceeds on sale that include our estimate of the fair value of MSRs and we incur MSLs (which represent the fair value of the costs we expect to incur in excess of the fees we receive for delinquent loans we have bought out of Ginnie Mae guaranteed securities and have resold to and service for investors) and we recognize the fair value of our estimate of the losses we expect to incur relating to the representations and warranties we provide in our loan sale transactions.

​

The MSRs, MSLs, and liabilities for representations and warranties we recognize represent our estimate of the fair value of future benefits and costs we will realize for years in the future. These estimates represented approximately 222% and 280% of our gains on sales of loans held for sale at fair value for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, as compared to 225% and 257% for the same periods in 2024. These estimates change as circumstances change and changes in these estimates are recognized in income in subsequent periods. Subsequent changes in the fair value of our MSRs may significantly affect our income.

​

Interest Rate Lock Commitments, Mortgage Servicing Rights and Mortgage Servicing Liabilities

​

The methods and key inputs we use to measure and update our measurements of IRLCs, MSRs and MSLs are detailed in Note 7 – Fair Value – Valuation Techniques and Inputs to the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report.

​

Representations and Warranties

​

Our agreements with purchasers and insurers include representations and warranties related to the loans we sell. The representations and warranties require adherence to purchaser and insurer origination and underwriting guidelines, including but not limited to the validity of the lien securing the loan, property eligibility, borrower credit, income and asset requirements, and compliance with applicable federal, state and local law.

​

In the event of a breach of our representations and warranties, we may be required to either repurchase the loans with the identified defects or indemnify the purchaser or insurer. In such cases, we bear any subsequent credit loss on the loans. Our credit loss may be reduced by any recourse we have to correspondent originators that sold such loans to us and breached similar or other representations and warranties. In such event, we have the right to seek a recovery of related repurchase losses from that correspondent seller.

​

Our representations and warranties are generally not subject to stated limits of exposure. However, we believe that the current unpaid principal balance (“UPB”) of loans sold by us and subject to representation and warranty liability to date represents the maximum exposure to repurchases related to representations and warranties.

​

The level of the liability for losses under representations and warranties is difficult to estimate and requires considerable judgment. The level of loan repurchase losses is dependent on economic factors, purchaser or insurer loss mitigation strategies, and other external conditions that may change over the lives of the underlying loans. Our estimate of the liability for representations and warranties is developed by our credit risk administration staff and reviewed by our Management Risk Committee that includes our senior executives and senior management in our loan production, loan servicing, and credit risk management areas.

​

The method used to estimate our losses on representations and warranties is a function of our estimate of future defaults, loan repurchase rates, the severity of loss in the event of default, if applicable, and the probability of reimbursement by the correspondent loan seller. We establish a liability at the time loans are sold and periodically assess the adequacy of our recorded liability.

​ 67

Table of Contents We recorded provisions for losses under representations and warranties relating to current loan sales as a component of Net gains on loans held for sale at fair value totaling $4.7 million and $12.3 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, compared to $4.1 million and $12.2 million for the same periods in 2024. The increases in the provision relating to current loan sales was primarily attributable to an increase in production volume for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024.

​

We also recorded reductions in the liability of $2.4 million and $6.0 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to $3.5 million and $10.9 million for the same periods in 2024. The reductions in the liability resulted from previously sold loans meeting performance criteria established by the Agencies which significantly limit the likelihood of certain repurchase or indemnification claims.

​

Following is a summary of loan repurchase and loss activity:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​		2025			2024		****	2025			2024
​	​	(in thousands)
During the period:	​	​		​	​		​	​		​	​
Indemnification activity:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Loans indemnified at beginning of period	​	$	116,033	​	$	94,982	​	$	101,867	​	$	75,724
New indemnifications	​	​	7,005	​	​	5,129	​	​	25,408	​	​	27,142
Less indemnified loans sold, repaid or refinanced	​	​	1,044	​	​	1,225	​	​	5,281	​	​	3,980
Loans indemnified at end of period	​	$	121,994	​	$	98,886	​	$	121,994	​	$	98,886
Repurchase activity:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Total loans repurchased	​	$	31,711	​	$	25,837	​	$	77,071	​	$	70,700
Less:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Loans repurchased by correspondent lenders	​	​	19,022	​	​	21,678	​	​	50,099	​	​	47,459
Loans repaid by borrowers or resold	​	​	18,509	​	​	10,895	​	​	27,162	​	​	22,630
Net loans (resolved) repurchased with losses chargeable to liability for representations and warranties	​	$	(5,820)	​	$	(6,736)	​	$	(190)	​	$	611
Losses charged to liability for representations and warranties	​	$	1,053	​	$	991	​	$	2,385	​	$	3,776
At end of period:	​	​		​	​		​	​	​	​	​	​
Unpaid principal balance of loans subject to representations and warranties	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	472,890,874	​	$	396,102,491
Liability for representations and warranties	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	33,064	​	$	28,286

​

During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025, we repurchased loans totaling $31.7 million and $77.1 million, respectively. We charged losses of $1.1 million and $2.4 million against the liability during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025. Our losses arising from representations and warranties have historically been minimized by our ability to either recover most of the losses from our correspondent sellers or from our ability to profitably refinance and resell repurchased loans.

​

Elevated interest rate levels may affect certain of our correspondent sellers’ ability to honor their obligations to repurchase defective loans, may increase the level of borrower defaults and may increase the level of repurchases we are required to make. We expect these developments may increase the losses we incur in relation to our recorded liability for representations and warranties compared to our historical experience. However, we believe our recorded liability is presently adequate to absorb such losses.

​

Loan Origination Fees

​

Loan origination fees increased $12.2 million and $39.5 million during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same periods in 2024 primarily due to an increase in production volume.

​ 68

Table of Contents Fulfillment Fees from PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust

​

Fulfillment fees from PMT represent fees we collect for services we perform on behalf of PMT in connection with the acquisition, packaging and sale of loans. The fulfillment fees are calculated based on the number of loans we fulfill for PMT.

​

Fulfillment fees decreased $5.3 million and $2.7 million during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same periods in 2024; the decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the number of loans we fulfilled for PMT during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024.

​

Net Loan Servicing Fees

​

Our net loan servicing fee income has two primary components: fees earned for servicing the loans and the effects of MSR and MSL valuation changes, net of hedging results as summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Loan servicing fees	​	$	535,106	​	$	462,037	​	$	1,530,241	​	$	1,326,917
Effects of MSRs and MSLs net of hedging results	​	​	(293,868)	​	​	(386,207)	​	​	(974,322)	​	​	(982,529)
Net loan servicing fees	​	$	241,238	​	$	75,830	​	$	555,919	​	$	344,388

​

Loan Servicing Fees

​

Following is a summary of our loan servicing fees:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
From non-affiliates	​	$	460,360	​	$	393,457	​	$	1,313,564	​	$	1,126,523
From PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	21,012	​	​	22,240	​	​	64,386	​	​	62,766
Other:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Late charges	​	​	24,785	​	​	22,258	​	​	70,811	​	​	63,040
Other	​	​	28,949	​	​	24,082	​	​	81,480	​	​	74,588
​	​	​	53,734	​	​	46,340	​	​	152,291	​	​	137,628
​	​	$	535,106	​	$	462,037	​	$	1,530,241	​	$	1,326,917
Average UPB of loans serviced:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
MSRs and MSLs	​	$	470,315,815	​	$	403,682,436	​	$	452,447,211	​	$	389,619,303
Subservicing	​	$	231,174,240	​	$	230,693,045	​	$	231,036,334	​	$	231,124,126

​

Loan servicing fees from non-affiliates generally relate to our MSRs which are primarily related to servicing we provide for loans included in Agency securitizations. These fees are contractually established at an annualized percentage of the UPB of the loan serviced and we collect these fees from borrower payments. Loan servicing fees from PMT are primarily related to PMT’s MSRs and are established at monthly per-loan amounts based on whether the loan is a fixed-rate or adjustable-rate loan and the loan’s delinquency or foreclosure status as detailed in Note 5*–Transactions with Related Parties* to the consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report. Other loan servicing fees are comprised primarily of borrower-contracted fees such as late charges and reconveyance fees.

​

Loan servicing fees from non-affiliates and other fees increased during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. The increases were primarily due to growth of our loan servicing portfolio. Other servicing fees increased due to growth in our MSR portfolio combined with increased incentives received for loss mitigation activities.

​ 69

Table of Contents Effects of Mortgage Servicing Rights and Mortgage Servicing Liabilities

​

We have elected to carry our servicing assets and liabilities at fair value. Changes in fair value have two components: changes due to realization of cash flows of the MSRs and MSLs and changes due to changes in market inputs used to estimate the fair value of MSRs and MSLs. We endeavor to moderate the effects of changes in fair value by entering into derivatives transactions and holding principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities.

​

Change in fair value of MSRs and MSLs and the related hedging results are summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
MSR and MSL valuation changes and hedging results:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Changes in fair value attributable to changes in fair value inputs	​	$	(102,495)	​	$	(402,422)	​	$	(292,060)	​	$	(133,018)
Hedging results	​	​	98,306	​	​	242,051	​	​	95,978	​	​	(224,371)
​	​	​	(4,189)	​	​	(160,371)	​	​	(196,082)	​	​	(357,389)
Changes in fair value attributable to realization of cash flows	​	​	(289,679)	​	​	(225,836)	​	​	(778,240)	​	​	(625,140)
Total change in fair value of mortgage servicing rights and mortgage servicing liabilities net of hedging results	​	$	(293,868)	​	$	(386,207)	​	$	(974,322)	​	$	(982,529)
Average balances:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Mortgage servicing rights	​	$	9,699,217	​	$	7,863,603	​	$	9,288,041	​	$	7,649,661
Mortgage servicing liabilities	​	$	1,622	​	$	1,705	​	$	1,642	​	$	1,732
At end of period:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Mortgage servicing rights	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	9,653,942	​	$	7,752,292
Mortgage servicing liabilities	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	1,593	​	$	1,718

​

Changes in fair value of MSRs attributable to changes in fair value inputs did not decline as significantly during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 due to less significant decreases in interest rates during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. Changes in fair value of MSRs attributable to changes in fair value inputs decreased more significantly during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 due to more significant decreases in interest rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. Decreasing interest rates increase the rate of prepayments of the underlying loans, which decreases the cash flows expected from the servicing rights, while increasing interest rates have the opposite effect.

​

Hedging results reflect valuation gains offsetting the valuation losses from decreasing interest rates in the quarters ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and in the nine months ended September 30, 2025. In the nine months ended September 30, 2024, hedging results reflect valuation losses attributable to the effects of interest rate volatility and increased hedging costs on the fair value of the hedging instruments.

​

Changes in fair value attributable to realization of cash flows are influenced by changes in the level of servicing assets and liabilities and changes in estimates of the remaining cash flows to be realized. During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025, realization of cash flows increased compared to the same periods in 2024, primarily due to the growth in our investment in MSRs and increased realized and projected prepayments.

​

​ 70

Table of Contents Following is a summary of our loan servicing portfolio:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	September 30,		​	December 31,
​	****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Owned:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Mortgage servicing rights and liabilities	​	​	​	​	​	​
Originated	​	$	455,894,902	​	$	410,393,342
Purchased and assumed	​	​	14,404,290	​	​	15,681,406
​	​	​	470,299,192	​	​	426,074,748
Loans held for sale	​	​	7,303,091	​	​	8,128,914
​	​	​	477,602,283	​	​	434,203,662
Subserviced for:	​	​	​	​	​	​
PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust	​	​	227,101,009	​	​	230,753,581
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (1)	​	​	65,286	​	​	806,584
Other non-affiliates	​	​	11,863,843	​	​	—
​	​	​	239,030,138	​	​	231,560,165
Total loans serviced	​	$	716,632,421	​	$	665,763,827
Delinquencies:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Owned servicing:	​	​	​	​	​	​
30-89 days	​	$	19,322,409	​	$	17,933,800
90 days or more	​	​	8,869,168	​	​	9,023,217
​	​	$	28,191,577	​	$	26,957,017
Subservicing:	​	​	​	​	​	​
30-89 days	​	$	2,897,889	​	$	2,673,329
90 days or more	​	​	1,130,125	​	​	1,319,190
​	​	$	4,028,014	​	$	3,992,519
(1)	Represents previously delinquent loans that have been purchased by the VA pursuant to the Veterans Affairs Servicing Purchase program where servicing is expected to be transferred to a servicer selected by the VA.
---	---

​

Following is a summary of characteristics of our MSR and MSL servicing portfolio as of September 30, 2025:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	Average														​	​
Loan type	****	Unpaid principal balance		****	Loan count	****	Note rate	****	Age (months)	****	Remaining maturity (months)	****	​	Loan size	****	FICO credit score at origination	****	Original LTV (1)	****	Current LTV (1)	****	60+ Delinquency (by UPB)
​	​	(Dollars and loan count in thousands)
Government insured or guaranteed (2):	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
FHA	​	$	165,877,296	​	766	​	4.7%	​	47	​	316	​	$	217	​	684	​	93%	​	70%	​	5.7%
VA	​	​	130,412,915	​	464	​	4.1%	​	42	​	317	​	$	281	​	732	​	91%	​	70%	​	1.8%
USDA	​	​	20,981,997	​	141	​	4.2%	​	62	​	301	​	$	149	​	701	​	98%	​	65%	​	5.7%
Government-sponsored entities:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Freddie Mac	​	​	75,731,256	​	213	​	6.0%	​	18	​	333	​	$	356	​	762	​	77%	​	70%	​	0.7%
Fannie Mae	​	​	62,109,183	​	191	​	5.3%	​	29	​	318	​	$	325	​	763	​	75%	​	64%	​	0.5%
Closed-end second lien mortgage loans	​	​	2,442,136	​	31	​	9.3%	​	11	​	250	​	$	79	​	744	​	19%	​	18%	​	0.2%
Other (3)	​	​	12,744,409	​	30	​	6.8%	​	12	​	347	​	$	425	​	775	​	74%	​	70%	​	0.3%
​	​	$	470,299,192	​	1,836	​	4.9%	​	38	​	319	​	$	256	​	724	​	87%	​	69%	​	3.0%
(1)	Loan-to-Value.
---	---
(2)	Government loans include loans securitized in Ginnie Mae pools as well as loans sold to private investors.
---	---
(3)	Represents conventional loans sold to private investors.
---	---

​ 71

Table of Contents Net Interest (Expense) Income

​

Following is a summary of net interest (expense) income:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Interest income:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Cash and short-term investment	​	$	11,698	​	$	15,641	​	$	32,624	​	$	43,395
Principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities	​	​	13,881	​	​	20,412	​	​	32,424	​	​	29,756
Loans held for sale at fair value	​	​	113,039	​	​	80,103	​	​	306,158	​	​	231,807
Placement fees relating to custodial funds	​	​	109,706	​	​	109,201	​	​	287,476	​	​	277,564
Other	​	​	429	​	​	113	​	​	1,871	​	​	185
​	​	​	248,753	​	​	225,470	​	​	660,553	​	​	582,707
Interest expense:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Short-term debt	​	​	125,437	​	​	107,119	​	​	340,323	​	​	292,327
Long-term debt	​	​	104,431	​	​	90,412	​	​	307,046	​	​	259,150
Interest shortfall on repayments of mortgage loans serviced for Agency securitizations	​	​	14,855	​	​	15,711	​	​	38,687	​	​	29,734
Interest on mortgage loan impound deposits	​	​	4,370	​	​	3,450	​	​	9,214	​	​	8,399
Other	​	​	807	​	​	905	​	​	2,289	​	​	1,627
​	​	​	249,900	​	​	217,597	​	​	697,559	​	​	591,237
​	​	$	(1,147)	​	$	7,873	​	$	(37,006)	​	$	(8,530)
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​

Net interest expense increased $9.0 million and $28.5 million during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. The increases were primarily due to the Company financing a larger investment in MSRs during 2025 as compared to 2024.

​

Management Fees from PennyMac Mortgage Investment Trust

​

Management fees decreased $241,000 and $681,000 during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024, due to decreases in PMT’s average shareholders’ equity which is the basis for the base management fees.

​

Expenses

​

Compensation

​

Compensation expenses are summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,					​
​	****	2025		****	2024		****	2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)											​
Salaries and wages	​	$	121,344	​	$	98,679	​	$	341,438	​	$	283,827	​
Severance	​	​	196	​	​	177	​	​	941	​	​	837	​
Incentive compensation	​	​	51,165	​	​	34,791	​	​	135,315	​	​	93,891	​
Taxes and benefits	​	​	22,680	​	​	18,726	​	​	68,618	​	​	59,779	​
Stock and unit-based compensation	​	​	9,929	​	​	18,943	​	​	28,531	​	​	21,314	​
​	​	$	205,314	​	$	171,316	​	$	574,843	​	$	459,648	​
Head count:	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Average	​	​	4,888	​	​	4,150	​	​	4,644	​	​	4,015	​
Period end	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	5,025	​	​	4,309	​

​ 72

Table of Contents Compensation expenses increased $34.0 million and $115.2 million during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. The increases were primarily due to an increase in head count and increased incentive compensation during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025, reflecting higher loan production volume and increased bonus accruals resulting from higher profitability.

.

Loan Origination

​

Loan origination expenses increased $24.2 million and $66.3 million for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. The increases were primarily due to higher origination volumes.

​

Technology

​

Technology expenses increased $7.7 million and $18.5 million during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same quarter in 2024. The increases were primarily due to increases in virtual desktop and cloud-related expenses and a $4.3 million impairment of capitalized software recorded during the quarter ended September 30, 2025.

​

Servicing

​

Servicing expenses increased $220,000 and $11.4 million during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. The increases were primarily due to increases in provision for losses on servicing advances resulting from higher delinquent loan balances resulting from a larger servicing portfolio during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024.

​

Marketing and advertising

​

Marketing and advertising expenses increased $8.9 million and $21.6 million during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024. The increases were primarily due to additional marketing expenses incurred as an Official Supporter of Team USA and increased marketing expenses for consumer direct lending.

​

Provision for Income Taxes

​

Our effective income tax rates were 23.2% and 26.1% for the quarters ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 5.5% and 23.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decreases in the effective income tax rates for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024 are primarily due to the enactment of California Senate Bill 132, signed into law June 27, 2025 and effective January 1, 2025. The law requires financial institutions to apportion their California income using a single sales factor instead of a factor equally weighted with property, payroll and sales. Our effective income tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 includes a repricing of deferred tax liabilities resulting from this apportionment rule change.

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Table of Contents

Balance Sheet Analysis

​

Following is a summary of key balance sheet items as of the dates presented:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	September 30,		​	December 31,
​		2025		****	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
ASSETS	​	​	​	​	​	​
Cash and short-term investment	​	$	684,149	​	$	659,035
Principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities	​	​	774,021	​	​	825,865
Loans held for sale at fair value	​	​	7,490,473	​	​	8,217,468
Derivative assets	​	​	200,303	​	​	113,076
Servicing advances, net	​	​	396,006	​	​	568,512
Investments in and advances to affiliates	​	​	42,864	​	​	31,150
Mortgage servicing rights at fair value	​	​	9,653,942	​	​	8,744,528
Loans eligible for repurchase	​	​	5,416,967	​	​	6,157,172
Other	​	​	742,395	​	​	770,081
Total assets	​	$	25,401,120	​	$	26,086,887
​	​	​	​	​	​	​
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	​	​	​	​	​	​
Short-term debt	​	$	7,829,605	​	$	9,181,719
Long-term debt	​	​	6,154,829	​	​	5,213,004
​	​	​	13,984,434	​	​	14,394,723
Liability for loans eligible for repurchase	​	​	5,416,967	​	​	6,157,172
Income taxes payable	​	​	1,151,395	​	​	1,131,000
Other	​	​	640,438	​	​	574,341
Total liabilities	​	​	21,193,234	​	​	22,257,236
Stockholders' equity	​	​	4,207,886	​	​	3,829,651
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	​	$	25,401,120	​	$	26,086,887
Leverage ratios:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Total debt / Stockholders' equity	​	​	3.3	​	​	3.8
Total debt / Tangible stockholders' equity (1)	​	​	3.4	​	​	3.9
(1)	Tangible stockholders’ equity represents total stockholders’ equity reduced by intangible assets, comprised of capitalized software, for the dates presented.
---	---

​

Total assets decreased $685.8 million from $26.1 billion at December 31, 2024 to $25.4 billion at September 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $727.0 million in loans held for sale at fair value and a decrease of $740.2 million of loans eligible for repurchase, partially offset by an increase of $909.4 million of mortgage servicing rights.

​

Total liabilities decreased $1.1 billion from $22.3 billion at December 31, 2024 to $21.0 billion at September 30, 2025. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease of $410.3 million in borrowings and a decrease of $740.2 million in liability for loans eligible for repurchase. As a result of our decreased inventory financing requirements, our leverage ratios decreased during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 from December 31, 2024.

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Table of Contents

Cash Flows

​

Our cash flows are summarized below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​		Nine months ended September 30,					​	​	​
​	​	2025		****	2024		****	Change		****
​	​	(in thousands)								​
Operating	​	$	237,269	​	$	(2,384,534)	​	$	2,621,803	​
Investing	​	​	626,009	​		(1,759,610)	​		2,385,619	​
Financing	​	​	(479,839)	​		3,351,587	​		(3,831,426)	​
Net increase (decrease) in cash	​	$	383,439	​	$	(792,557)	​	$	1,175,996	​

​

The net increase in cash of $383.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 is discussed below.

​

Operating activities

​

Net cash provided by operating activities totaled $237.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 compared with net cash used in operating activities of $2.4 billion during the same period in 2024. Our cash flows from operating activities are primarily influenced by changes in the levels of our inventory of mortgage loans held for sale as shown below:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​		Nine months ended September 30,
​	​	2025		​	2024
​	​	(in thousands)
Cash flows from:	​	​	​	​	​	​
Loans held for sale	​	$	(539,661)	​	$	(3,057,952)
Other operating sources	​	​	776,930	​	​	673,418
​	​	$	237,269	​	$	(2,384,534)

​

Investing activities

​

Net cash provided by investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 totaled $626.0 million, primarily due to a $358.3 million decrease in short-term investment, a $185.4 million sale of MSRs and $119.3 million from the repayment of principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities. Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 totaled $1.8 billion, primarily due to $935.4 million in purchases of principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities, a $657.7 million increase in short-term investment and $210.2 million in net settlement of derivative financial instruments used to hedge our investment in MSRs.

​

Financing activities

​

Net cash used in financing activities totaled $479.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily due to a decrease of $378.0 million in borrowings. The decrease in borrowings primarily reflects the decrease in inventory of loans held for sale. Net cash provided by financing activities totaled $3.4 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to an increase of $3.4 billion in borrowings. The increase in borrowings primarily reflects the increase in inventory of loans held for sale, principal-only stripped mortgage-backed securities and our investment in MSRs.

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Table of Contents

Liquidity and Capital Resources

​

Our liquidity reflects our ability to meet our current obligations (including our operating expenses and, when applicable, the retirement of, and margin calls relating to, our debt, and margin calls relating to hedges on our commitments to purchase or originate mortgage loans and on our MSR investments), fund new originations and purchases, and make investments as we identify them. We expect our primary sources of liquidity to be through cash flows from business activities, proceeds from bank borrowings and proceeds from and issuance of equity or debt offerings. We believe that our liquidity is sufficient to meet our current liquidity needs.

​

Our current borrowing strategy is to finance our assets where we believe such borrowing is prudent, appropriate and available. Our primary borrowing activities are in the form of sales of assets under agreements to repurchase, sales of mortgage loan participation purchase and sale certificates, notes payable secured by mortgage servicing rights and unsecured senior notes. A significant amount of our borrowings have short-term maturities and provide for advances with terms ranging from 30 days to 364 days. Because a significant portion of our current debt facilities consist of short-term debt, we expect to renew these facilities in advance of maturity in order to ensure our ongoing liquidity and access to capital or otherwise allow ourselves sufficient time to replace any necessary financing.

​

Secured debt facilities for MSRs and servicing advances take various forms. Fannie Mae MSRs, Ginnie Mae MSRs and servicing advances may be pledged to special purpose entities, each of which may issue variable funding notes (“VFNs”) and term notes and term loans that are secured by such Ginnie Mae or Fannie Mae assets. Term notes are issued to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A of the Securities Act and term loans are syndicated to banking entities, while the VFNs are sold to bank partners under agreements to repurchase. Freddie Mac MSRs are pledged to lenders under a bi-lateral loan and security agreement.

On August 7, 2025, PFSI issued $650 million in 6.75% unsecured senior notes due in 2034 in a private placement to “qualified institutional buyers” under Rule 144A of the Securities Act. On August 14, 2025, PFSI, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries PNMAC, PLS and the Issuer Trust, issued $300 million in 2.45% Term Notes due in August 2030. On August 25, 2025, PFSI, through its wholly-owned subsidiaries PNMAC, PLS and the Issuer Trust, partially redeemed $200 million of Term Loans due in February 2028.

Our repurchase agreements represent the sales of assets together with agreements for us to buy back the respective assets at a later date. The table below presents the average, maximum daily and ending balances:

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Quarter ended September 30,					​	Nine months ended September 30,
​		2025			2024			2025		****	2024		​
​	​	(in thousands)					​	(in thousands)					​
Average balance	​	$	7,719,152	​	$	5,638,124	​	$	7,010,169	​	$	4,982,988	​
Maximum daily balance	​	$	8,926,829	​	$	6,608,245	​	$	8,926,829	​	$	7,122,796	​
Balance at period end	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	$	7,138,415	​	$	6,609,703	​

​

The differences between the average and maximum daily balances on our repurchase agreements reflect both the effect of increasing loan inventory levels during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and the fluctuations throughout the periods of our inventory as we fund and pool mortgage loans for sale in guaranteed mortgage securitizations.

​

Our repurchase agreements also contain margin call provisions that, upon notice from the applicable lender at its option, require us to transfer cash or, in some instances, additional assets in an amount sufficient to eliminate any margin deficit. A margin deficit will generally result from any decrease in the market value (as determined by the applicable lender) of the assets subject to the related financing agreement. Upon notice from the applicable lender, we will generally be required to satisfy the margin call on the day of such notice or within one business day thereafter, depending on the timing of the notice.

​ 76

Table of Contents Our secured financing agreements at PLS require us to comply with various financial and other restrictive covenants. The most significant financial covenants currently include the following:

​

●	a minimum in unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $100 million;

​

●	a minimum tangible net worth of $1.25 billion;

​

●	a maximum ratio of total indebtedness to tangible net worth of 10:1; and

​

●	at least one other warehouse or repurchase facility that finances amounts and assets that are similar to those being financed under certain of our existing secured financing agreements.

​

With respect to servicing performed for PMT, PLS is also subject to certain covenants under PMT’s debt agreements. Covenants in PMT’s debt agreements are equally, or sometimes less, restrictive than the covenants described above.

​

PFSI has issued unsecured senior notes (the “Unsecured Notes”) to qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A of the Securities Act. The Unsecured Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed, jointly and severally, on a senior unsecured basis by the Company’s existing and future wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries (other than certain excluded subsidiaries defined in the indentures under which the Unsecured Notes were issued).

​

Our Unsecured Notes’ indentures contain financial and other restrictive covenants that limit the Company and our restricted subsidiaries’ ability to engage in specified types of transactions, including, but not limited to the following:

●	pay dividends or distributions, redeem or repurchase equity, prepay subordinated debt and make certain loans or investments;
●	incur, assume or guarantee additional debt or issue preferred stock;
---	---
●	incur liens on assets;
---	---
●	merge or consolidate with another person or sell all or substantially all of our assets to another person;
---	---
●	transfer, sell or otherwise dispose of certain assets including capital stock of subsidiaries;
---	---
●	enter into transactions with affiliates; and
---	---
●	allow to exist certain restrictions on the ability of our non-guarantor restricted subsidiaries to pay dividends or make other payments to us.
---	---

Although financial and other covenants limit the amount of indebtedness that we may incur and affect our liquidity through minimum cash reserve requirements, we believe that these covenants currently provide us with sufficient flexibility to successfully operate our business and obtain the financing necessary to achieve that purpose.

​

We are also subject to liquidity and net worth requirements established by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) for Agency seller/servicers and Ginnie Mae for single-family issuers. FHFA and Ginnie Mae have established minimum liquidity and net worth requirements for their approved non-depository single-family sellers/servicers in the case of Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae for its approved single-family issuers, and Ginnie Mae has issued risk-based capital requirements. We believe that we are in compliance with the Agency’s requirements as of September 30, 2025.

​ 77

Table of Contents We have a common stock repurchase program which allows us to repurchase common shares of up to $2 billion. Share repurchases may be effected through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions in accordance with applicable rules and regulations. The stock repurchase program does not have an expiration date and the authorization does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of common stock. From inception through September 30, 2025, we have repurchased approximately $1.8 billion of common shares under our stock repurchase program.

​

We continue to explore a variety of means of financing our business, including debt financing through bank warehouse lines of credit, bank loans, repurchase agreements, securitization transactions and corporate debt. However, there can be no assurance as to how much additional financing capacity such efforts will produce, what form the financing will take or whether such efforts will be successful.

​

Debt Obligations

​

As described further above in “Liquidity and Capital Resources,” we currently finance certain of our assets through short-term borrowings with major financial institutions in the form of sales of assets under agreements to repurchase and mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements. We access the capital market for long-term debt through the issuance of secured term notes, term loans and Unsecured Notes. The issuer under our secured term note facilities is PLS or a wholly-owned issuer trust guaranteed by PNMAC. In addition, PFSI has issued Unsecured Notes guaranteed by certain of its restricted wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries.

​

PLS is required to comply with financial and other restrictive covenants in certain financing agreements, as described further above in “Liquidity and Capital Resources”. As of September 30, 2025, we believe PLS was in compliance in all material respects with these covenants.

​

Many of our debt financing agreements contain a condition precedent to obtaining additional funding that requires PLS to maintain positive net income for at least one of the previous two consecutive quarters, or other similar measures. PLS is compliant with all such conditions.

​

The financing agreements also contain margin call provisions that, upon notice from the applicable lender, require us to transfer cash or, in some instances, additional assets in an amount sufficient to eliminate any margin deficit. Upon notice from the applicable lender, we will generally be required to satisfy the margin call on the day of such notice or within one business day thereafter, depending on the timing of the notice.

​

In addition, the financing agreements contain events of default (subject to certain materiality thresholds and grace periods), including payment defaults, breaches of covenants and/or certain representations and warranties, cross-defaults, guarantor defaults, servicer termination events and defaults, material adverse changes, bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings and other events of default customary for these types of transactions. The remedies for such events of default are also customary for these types of transactions and include the acceleration of the principal amount outstanding under the agreements and the liquidation by our lenders of the mortgage loans or other collateral then subject to the agreements.

​ 78

Table of Contents Our debt obligations have the following sizes and maturities:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	Outstanding		​	Total		​	Committed		​	Facility
Lender	****	indebtedness (1)		****	facility size (2)		****	facility (2)		****	Maturity date (2)
​	​	(dollar amounts in thousands)								​	****
Loans sold under agreements to repurchase	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Atlas Securitized Products, L.P.	​	$	1,790,521	​	$	1,790,521	​	$	300,000	​	June 26, 2026
Bank of America, N.A.	​	$	1,172,822	​	$	1,525,000	​	$	800,000	​	June 9, 2027
Royal Bank of Canada	​	$	728,528	​	$	1,000,000	​	$	500,000	​	August 10, 2026
Citibank, N.A.	​	$	512,559	​	$	1,100,000	​	$	650,000	​	August 21, 2026
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.	​	$	463,613	​	$	600,000	​	$	300,000	​	June 11, 2027
Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A.	​	$	414,996	​	$	700,000	​	$	350,000	​	October 22, 2027
BNP Paribas	​	$	414,500	​	$	600,000	​	$	250,000	​	September 30, 2026
JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.	​	$	394,824	​	$	394,846	​	$	—	​	June 28, 2026
Goldman Sachs Bank USA	​	$	107,927	​	$	200,000	​	$	100,000	​	February 13, 2027
Mizuho Bank, Ltd.	​	$	66,903	​	$	250,000	​	$	125,000	​	March 14, 2026
Nomura Corporate Funding Americas	​	$	68,478	​	$	68,478	​	$	68,478	​	January 22, 2026
Barclays Bank PLC	​	$	36,090	​	$	300,000	​	$	250,000	​	March 6, 2026
JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (Early buy out facility)	​	$	15,506	​	$	605,154	​	$	150,000	​	June 25, 2027
Servicing assets sold under agreements to repurchase	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Atlas Securitized Products, L.P.	​	$	80,000	​	$	1,209,479	​	$	200,000	​	June 29, 2026
Goldman Sachs Bank USA	​	$	50,000	​	$	550,000	​	$	200,000	​	October 25, 2026
Nomura Corporate Funding Americas	​	$	50,000	​	$	381,522	​	$	381,522	​	August 4, 2026
Mizuho Bank, Ltd.	​	$	50,000	​	$	350,000	​	$	350,000	​	July 25, 2026
Mortgage-backed securities sold under agreements to repurchase	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.	​	$	252,588	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Santander US Capital Markets LLC	​	$	230,345	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.	​	$	206,799	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Bank of America, N.A.	​	$	31,416	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Mortgage loan participation purchase and sale agreements	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Bank of America, N.A.	​	$	699,885	​	$	750,000	​	$	—	​	June 10, 2026
Notes payable	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
GMSR 2023-GTL1 Loans	​	$	480,000	​	$	480,000	​	​	​	​	February 25, 2028
GMSR 2023-GTL2 Loans	​	$	125,000	​	$	125,000	​	​	​	​	October 25, 2028
GMSR 2024-GT1 Notes	​	$	425,000	​	$	425,000	​	​	​	​	March 26, 2029
GMSR 2025-GT1 Notes	​	$	300,000	​	$	300,000	​	​	​	​	August 26, 2030
Barclays FHLMC MSR Facility	​	$	—	​	$	200,000	​	$	100,000	​	March 6, 2026
Citibank, N.A. FHLMC MSR Facility	​	$	—	​	$	50,000	​	$	50,000	​	August 21, 2026
Unsecured senior notes	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Unsecured Notes - 4.25%	​	$	650,000	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	February 15, 2029
Unsecured Notes - 5.75%	​	$	500,000	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	September 15, 2031
Unsecured Notes - 7.875%	​	$	750,000	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	December 15, 2029
Unsecured Notes - 7.125%	​	$	650,000	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	November 15, 2030
Unsecured Notes - 6.875%	​	$	850,000	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	February 15, 2033
Unsecured Notes - 6.875%	​	$	850,000	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	May 15, 2032
Unsecured Notes - 6.75%	​	$	650,000	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	February 15, 2034
(1)	Outstanding indebtedness as of September 30, 2025.
---	---
(2)	Total facility size, committed facility and maturity date include contractual changes through the date of this Report.
---	---

79

Table of Contents The amount at risk (the fair value of the assets pledged plus the related margin deposit, less the amount advanced by the counterparty and accrued interest) relating to our assets sold under agreements to repurchase is summarized by counterparty below as of September 30, 2025:

​

Loans held for sale and MSRs

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​	​	​	​	​	Weighted average	​	​
Counterparty	****	Amount at risk		****	maturity of advances	****	Facility maturity
​	​	(in thousands)		​	​	​	​
Atlas Securitized Products, L.P., Goldman Sachs Bank USA, Nomura Corporate Funding Americas and Mizuho Bank, Ltd. (1)	​	$	6,908,399	​	August 7, 2026	​	August 7, 2026
Atlas Securitized Products, L.P.	​	$	196,889	​	January 20, 2026	​	June 26, 2026
Bank of America, N.A.	​	$	88,716	​	November 4, 2025	​	June 9, 2027
Royal Bank of Canada	​	$	45,082	​	November 1, 2025	​	August 10, 2026
Mizuho Bank, Ltd.	​	$	33,596	​	February 13, 2026	​	March 14, 2026
Citibank, N.A.	​	$	31,591	​	November 30, 2025		August 21, 2026
JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.	​	$	28,159	​	January 28, 2026	​	June 25, 2027
Nomura Corporate Funding Americas	​	$	27,613	​	October 23, 2025	​	January 22, 2026
Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A.	​	$	24,814	​	December 16, 2025	​	May 22, 2026
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.	​	$	20,975	​	December 14, 2025	​	June 11, 2027
BNP Paribas	​	$	18,641	​	December 23, 2025	​	September 30, 2026
Goldman Sachs Bank USA	​	$	6,225	​	December 18, 2025	​	February 13, 2027
Barclays Bank PLC	​	$	3,705	​	January 8, 2026	​	March 6, 2026
(1)	The borrowing facilities are in the form of a sale of a variable funding note under an agreement to repurchase. The facility maturity date represents a weighted average with maturity dates ranging from June 29, 2026 through October 25, 2026.
---	---

​

Principal-only stripped MBS

​

​	​	​	​	​	​
Counterparty	****	Amount at risk		****	Maturity
​	​	(in thousands)		​	​
Bank of America, N.A.	​	$	2,520	​	October 24, 2025
JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A.	​	$	19,591	​	October 7, 2025
Wells Fargo Bank, N.A.	​	$	16,630	​	October 23, 2025
Santander US Capital Markets LLC	​	$	13,954	​	October 15, 2025

​

Critical Accounting Estimates

Preparation of financial statements in compliance with GAAP requires us to make estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Certain of these estimates significantly influence the portrayal of our financial condition and results, and they require us to make difficult, subjective or complex judgments. Our critical accounting policies primarily relate to our fair value estimates.

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 contains a discussion of our critical accounting policies, which utilize relevant critical accounting estimates. There have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

​

​

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

​

Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices, real estate values and other market-based risks. The primary market risks that we are exposed to are fair value risk, interest rate risk and prepayment risk. 80

Table of Contents

Fair Value Risk

Our IRLCs, mortgage loans held for sale, principal-only stripped MBS, MSRs and MSLs are reported at their fair values. The fair value of these assets fluctuates primarily due to changes in interest rates. The fair value risk we face is primarily attributable to interest rate risk and prepayment risk.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk is highly sensitive to many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations, and other factors beyond our control. Changes in interest rates affect both the fair value of, and interest income we earn from, our mortgage-related investments and our derivative financial instruments. This effect is most pronounced with fixed-rate mortgage assets.

In general, rising interest rates negatively affect the fair value of our IRLCs, inventory of mortgage loans held for sale, and principal-only stripped MBS and positively affect the fair value of our MSRs. Changes in interest rates significantly influence the prepayment speeds of the loans underlying our investments in MSRs, which can have a significant effect on their fair values. Changes in interest rate are most prominently reflected in the prepayment speeds of the loans underlying our investments in MSRs and the discount rate used in their valuation.

Our operating results will depend, in part, on differences between the income from our investments and our financing costs. Presently most of our secured debt financing is based on a floating rate of interest calculated on a fixed spread over the relevant index, as determined by the particular financing arrangement.

Prepayment Risk

To the extent that the actual prepayment rate on the mortgage loans underlying our MSRs differs from what we projected when we initially recognized these assets and liabilities when we measure fair value as of the end of each reporting period, the carrying value of these assets and liabilities will be affected. In general, a decrease in the principal balances of the mortgage loans underlying our MSRs or an increase in prepayment expectations will decrease our estimates of the fair value of the MSRs, thereby reducing net servicing income, partially offset by the beneficial effect on net servicing income of a corresponding reduction in the fair value of our MSLs and an increase in the fair value of our principal-only stripped MBS.

Risk Management Activities

We engage in risk management activities primarily in an effort to mitigate the effect of changes in interest rates on the fair value of our assets. To manage this price risk, we use derivative financial instruments acquired with the intention of moderating the risk that changes in market interest rates will result in unfavorable changes in the fair value of our assets, primarily prepayment exposure on our MSR investments as well as IRLCs and our inventory of loans held for sale. Our objective is to minimize our hedging expense and maximize our loss coverage based on a given hedge expense target. We do not use derivative financial instruments other than IRLCs for purposes other than in support of our risk management activities.

Our strategies are reviewed daily within a disciplined risk management framework. We use a variety of interest rate and spread shifts and scenarios and define target limits for market value and liquidity loss in those scenarios. With respect to our IRLCs and inventory of loans held for sale, we use MBS forward sale contracts to lock in the price at which we will sell the mortgage loans or resulting MBS, and further use MBS put options to mitigate the risk of our IRLCs not closing at the rate we expect. With respect to our MSRs, we seek to mitigate mortgage-based loss exposure utilizing MBS forward purchase and sale contracts and principal-only stripped MBS, address exposures to smaller interest rate shifts with Treasury and interest rate swap futures, and use options and swaptions to achieve target coverage levels for larger interest rate shocks. 81

Table of Contents

Fair Value Sensitivities

The following sensitivity analyses are limited in that they were performed at a particular point in time; only contemplate the movements in the indicated variables; do not incorporate changes to other variables; are subject to the accuracy of various models and inputs used; and do not incorporate other factors that would affect our overall financial performance in such scenarios, including operational adjustments made by management to account for changing circumstances. For these reasons, the following estimates should not be viewed as earnings forecasts.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

​

The following tables summarize the estimated change in fair value of MSRs as of September 30, 2025, given several shifts in prepayment speeds, option adjusted spreads and annual per loan cost of servicing:

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
Change in fair value attributable to shift in:	****	-20%		****	-10%		****	-5%		****	+5%		****	+10%		****	+20%
​	​	(in thousands)																	​
Prepayment speed	​	$	730,925	​	$	350,577	​	$	171,792	​	$	(165,204)	​	$	(324,196)	​	$	(624,901)	​
Option adjusted spread	​	$	424,377	​	$	207,236	​	$	102,421	​	$	(100,106)	​	$	(197,972)	​	$	(387,269)	​
Annual per-loan cost of servicing	​	$	207,633	​	$	103,817	​	$	51,908	​	$	(51,908)	​	$	(103,817)	​	$	(207,633)	​

​

​

​

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

​

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

​

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. However, no matter how well a control system is designed and operated, it can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that it will detect or uncover failures within the Company to disclose material information otherwise required to be set forth in our periodic reports.

​

Our management has conducted an evaluation, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Report as required by paragraph (b) of Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act. Based on our evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, as of the end of the period covered by this Report, to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the applicable rules and forms, and that it is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

​

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

​

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2025 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Table of Contents PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

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Item 1. Legal Proceedings

​

From time to time, the Company may be involved in various legal and regulatory proceedings, lawsuits and other claims arising in the ordinary course of its business. The amount, if any, of ultimate liability with respect to such matters cannot be determined, but despite the inherent uncertainties of litigation, management believes that the ultimate disposition of any such proceedings and exposure will not have, individually or taken together, a material adverse effect on the financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.

​

Item 1A. Risk Factors

​

There have been no material changes from the risk factors set forth under Item 1A. For a discussion of our risk factors refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the SEC on February 19, 2025.

​

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

​

There were no sales of unregistered equity securities during the quarter ended September 30, 2025.

​

Stock Repurchase Program

​

​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​	​
​		Total number of shares purchased			​ Average price paid per share			Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or program (1)		​	Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or program (1)
July 1, 2025 – July 31, 2025	​	​	50,000	​	$	94.19	​	​	50,000	​	$	207,629,426
August 1, 2025 – August 31, 2025	​	​	300	​	$	94.99	​	​	300	​	$	207,600,930
September 1, 2025 – September 30, 2025	​	​	—	​	$	—	​	​	—	​	$	207,600,930
Total	​	​	50,300	​	$	—	​	​	50,300	​	$	207,600,930
(1)	In August 2021, the Company’s board of directors approved an increase to the Company’s common stock repurchase program from $1 billion to $2 billion. The stock repurchase program does not require the Company to purchase a specific number of shares, and the timing and amount of any shares repurchased are based on market conditions and other factors, including price, regulatory requirements and capital availability. Stock repurchases may be affected through privately negotiated transactions or open market purchases, including pursuant to a trading plan implemented pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act. The stock repurchase program does not have an expiration date but may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time without prior notice.
---	---

​

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

​

None.

​

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

​

Not applicable.

​

Item 5. Other Information

​

(c) Trading Plans

​

As of September 30, 2025, the following directors or Section 16 officers adopted, modified or terminated the following Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (in each case, as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K):

​ 83

Table of Contents On August 8, 2025, David A. Spector, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, adopted a trading plan to sell: (1) 60,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, (2) Company common stock shares received upon the vesting of 18,268 time-based restricted stock units, and (3) Company common stock shares received upon the vesting of 92,607 performance-based restricted stock units assuming a maximum level performance achievement.

​

The trading plan will expire on June 10, 2026. Mr. Spector’s trading plan was entered into during an open insider trading window and is intended to satisfy Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act and the Company’s policies regarding insider transactions.

​

During the quarter ended September 30, 2025, none of our directors or executive officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f)), other than Mr. Spector, informed us of the adoption, modification, or termination of a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (in each case, as defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K).

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Table of Contents

Item 6. Exhibits

​	​	Incorporated by Reference from the Below-Listed Form (Each Filed under SEC File Number 001-35916 or 001-38727)
Exhibit No.	Exhibit Description	Form	Filing Date
​	​	​	​
2.1	Contribution Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of August 2, 2018, by and among PennyMac Financial Services, Inc., New PennyMac Financial Services, Inc., New PennyMac Merger Sub, LLC, Private National Mortgage Acceptance Company, LLC, and the Contributors.	8-K12B	November 1, 2018
​	​	​	​
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of New PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.	8-K12B	November 1, 2018
​	​	​	​
3.1.1	Certificate of Amendment to Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of New PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.	8-K12B	November 1, 2018
​	​	​	​
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of New PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.	8-K12B	November 1, 2018
​	​	​	​
3.2.1	Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws of PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. (formerly known as New PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.).	10-Q	November 4, 2019
​	​	​	​
3.3	Amendment to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.<br><br>​	8-K	September 6, 2024
3.4	Third Amendment to the Amended and Restated Bylaws of PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.	8-K	January 3,<br><br>2025
​	​	​	​
4.1	Indenture, dated as of August 12, 2025, among PennyMac Financial Services, Inc., the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee, relating to the 6.750% Senior Notes due 2034.	8-K	August 12,<br><br>2025
​	​	​	​
4.2	Form of Global Note for 6.750% Senior Notes due 2034 (included in Exhibit 4.1)	8-K	August 12,<br><br>2025
​	​	​	​
10.1	Amendment No. 1 to Fifth Amended and Restated Flow Servicing Agreement, between PennyMac Operating Partnership, L.P. and PennyMac Loan Services, LLC, dated as of September 15, 2025.	*	​
​	​	​	​
10.2	Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Flow Servicing Agreement, between PennyMac Operating Partnership, L.P. and PennyMac Loan Services, LLC, dated as of September 15, 2025.	*	​
​	​	​	​
10.3	Amendment No. 2 to Third Amended and Restated Mortgage Banking Services Agreement, between PennyMac Loan Services, LLC and PennyMac Corp., dated as of September 16, 2025.	*	​
​	​	​	​
31.1	Certification of David A. Spector pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	*	​
​	​	​	​

85

Table of Contents

​	​	Incorporated by Reference from the Below-Listed Form (Each Filed under SEC File Number 001-35916 or 001-38727)
Exhibit No.	Exhibit Description	Form	Filing Date
​	​	​	​
31.2	Certification of Daniel S. Perotti pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	*	​
​	​	​	​
32.1	Certification of David A. Spector pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	**	​
​	​	​	​
32.2	Certification of Daniel S. Perotti pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.	**	​
​	​	​	​
101	Interactive data files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T: (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Income for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and September 30, 2024, and (v) the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.	*	​

​

101.INS	XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document	​	​
​	​	​	​
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	​	​
​	​	​	​
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	​	​
​	​	​	​
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	​	​
​	​	​	​
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document	​	​
​	​	​	​
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	​	​
​	​	​	​
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101).	​	​

*Filed herewith

**The certifications attached hereto as Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 are furnished to the SEC pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not be deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing. 86

Table of Contents SIGNATURES

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

​

​	PENNYMAC FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC.
​
​	​	​
Dated: October 28, 2025	By:	/s/ DAVID A. SPECTOR
​	​	David A. Spector
​	​	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer<br><br>(Principal Executive Officer)
​	​	​
Dated: October 28, 2025	By:	/s/ DANIEL S. PEROTTI
​	​	Daniel S. Perotti
​	​	Senior Managing Director and<br><br>Chief Financial Officer<br><br>(Principal Financial Officer)

​

​

​ 87

EXHIBIT 10.1 ​

AMENDMENT NO. 1

TO FIFTH AMENDED AND RESTATED

FLOW SERVICING AGREEMENT

​

Amendment No. 1 to Fifth Amended and Restated Flow Servicing Agreement dated as of September 15, 2025 and effective as of October 1, 2025 (this “Amendment”), by and between PennyMac Loan Services, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Servicer”), and PennyMac Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Owner”).

RECITALS

WHEREAS, the Servicer and the Owner are parties to that certain Fifth Amended and Restated Flow Servicing Agreement, dated as of December 16, 2024 (the “Existing Servicing Agreement” and, as amended by this Amendment, the “Servicing Agreement”). Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Existing Servicing Agreement.

WHEREAS, the Servicer and the Owner have agreed, subject to the terms and conditions of this Amendment, that the Existing Servicing Agreement be amended to reflect certain agreed upon revisions to the terms of the Existing Servicing Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual premises and mutual obligations set forth herein, the Servicer and the Owner hereby agree that the Existing Servicing Agreement is hereby amended as follows:

SECTION 1. Exhibits. 1.1Exhibit 9 of the Existing Servicing Agreement is hereby amended by deleting it in its entirety and replacing it with the form attached hereto as Exhibit A.

SECTION 2.Conditions Precedent. This Amendment shall retroactive effect as of the effective date first set forth above (the “Amendment Effective Date”), subject to the satisfaction of the following conditions precedent:

2.1Delivered Documents. On or prior to the entered-into-date first written above (“Entry Date”), each party shall have received the following documents, each of which shall be satisfactory to such party in form and substance:

a)	this Amendment, executed and delivered by duly authorized officers of the Servicer and the Owner; and
b)	such other documents as such party or counsel to such party may reasonably request.
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2.2Representations and Warranties. On and prior to the Entry Date, each party shall be in compliance in all material respects with all the terms and provisions set forth in the Existing Servicing Agreement on its part to be observed or performed.

SECTION 3.Limited Effect. Except as expressly amended and modified by this Amendment, the Existing Servicing Agreement shall continue to be, and shall remain, in full force and effect in accordance with its terms.

SECTION 4. GOVERNING LAW . THIS AMENDMENT SHALL BE CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND THE OBLIGATIONS, RIGHTS AND REMEDIES OF THE PARTIES HEREUNDER SHALL BE DETERMINED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SUCH LAWS.

SECTION 5.Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts and by different parties hereto on separate counterparts, each of which, when so executed, shall constitute one and the same agreement.

SECTION 6.Conflicts. The parties hereto agree that in the event there is any conflict between the terms of this Amendment, and the terms of the Existing Servicing Agreement, the provisions of this Amendment shall control.

​

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

2

​

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused their names to be signed hereto by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above written.

​

PENNYMAC OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership

(Owner)

By: PENNYMAC GP OP, INC.,

its General Partner

​

By:/s/ Daniel S. Perotti​ ​​ ​

Name: Daniel S. Perotti

Title: Senior Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer

​

PENNYMAC LOAN SERVICES, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (Servicer)

​

By:/s/ Mark Acosta​ ​​ ​ Name: Mark Acosta Title: Senior Managing Director and Chief Servicing Officer

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Signature Page to Amendment No. 1

Fifth Amended and Restated Flow Servicing Agreement

​

​

EXHIBIT A

EXHIBIT 9

TERM SHEET

​

BASE SERVICING FEES (per loan)

With respect to each Mortgage Loan, and regardless whether it is a First Lien Mortgage Loan or a Second Lien Mortgage Loan, the Base Servicing Fee shall be:

(i)if such Mortgage Loan is a Fixed-Rate Mortgage Loan, $7.00; or

(ii)if such Mortgage Loan is an Adjustable-Rate Mortgage Loan, $8.00.

​

ADDITIONAL SERVICING FEES

(per loan)

With respect to each Mortgage Loan, and regardless whether it is a First Lien Mortgage Loan or a Second Lien Mortgage Loan, the Additional Servicing Fee shall be one of the following:

(i)if, as of the first day of the relevant month, such Mortgage Loan is not delinquent, or is delinquent by less than 30 days, and no bankruptcy proceeding is pending by or against the Mortgagor, $0;

(ii)if, as of the first day of the relevant month, such Mortgage Loan is delinquent by 30 days or more and less than 60 days, and no bankruptcy proceeding is pending by or against the Mortgagor and no foreclosure proceeding has been initiated, $18.00;

(iii)if, as of the first day of the relevant month, such Mortgage Loan is delinquent by 60 days or more and less than 90 days, and no bankruptcy proceeding is pending by or against the Mortgagor and no foreclosure proceeding has been initiated, $35.00;

(iv)if, as of the first day of the relevant month, such Mortgage Loan is delinquent by 90 days or more, and no bankruptcy proceeding is pending by or against the Mortgagor and no foreclosure proceeding has been initiated, $55.00;

(v)if, as of the first day of the relevant month, a bankruptcy proceeding is pending by or against the Mortgagor (whether the Mortgage Loan is current or delinquent), $55.00;

​

​

​

(vi)if, as of the first day of the relevant month, foreclosure proceedings have been commenced and the Mortgaged Property has not become an REO Property, $80.00; or

(vii)if, as of the first day of the relevant month, the Mortgaged Property has become an REO Property, $75.00.

The Additional Servicing Fee shall also apply to any Mortgage Loan in an active forbearance plan.

​

​

OTHER KEY PARAMETERS

​	​
Remittance Types	Actual/Actual Basis during Interim Servicing Period
Remittance Date	See definition of Remittance Date
Servicing Advances	Servicer to be reimbursed monthly for all unpaid Servicing Advances incurred by Servicer in the prior month including Cost of Funds.
Cost of Funds on Servicing Advances	Refer to Section 5.04
Late Charges Collected	Servicer will retain 75% of late charges collected by Servicer
Ancillary Income<br><br>​<br><br>​<br><br>Placement Fees on Custodial Accounts<br><br>​<br><br>​<br><br>Interest on Escrow Accounts<br><br>​	Servicer will retain 100% of all Ancillary Income<br><br>Owner will retain 100% of placement fees not due to Mortgagor under applicable law<br><br>Refer to Section 3.01
Delegated Authority	Refer to Exhibit 10

​

​

​

Contract Term	Refer to Section 8.01
Eligible Mortgage Loan	See definition of Eligible Mortgage Loan

​

​

ANCILLARY INCOME AND OTHER FEES

Regardless whether a Mortgage Loan is a First Lien Mortgage Loan or a Second Lien Mortgage Loan, the Servicer shall be entitled to all Ancillary Income and the following Other Fees in addition to the Servicing Fee:

Setup Fee:  With respect to each Mortgage Loan, $10.00 if the Mortgage Loan is current or 30 days delinquent and information is provided to Servicer in a format that enables electronic boarding, $20 if the Mortgage Loan is 60 or more days delinquent and information is provided to Servicer in a format that enables electronic boarding, or $25.00 if information is provided to Servicer in a format that necessitates manual boarding.

Service Release Fee:  With respect to each Mortgage Loan, $42.50 if released on or prior to three (3) months after boarding, $35.00 if released between four (4) and twelve (12) months after boarding, $30.00 if released between the first and second anniversary after boarding, $25.00, if released between the second and third anniversary after boarding, and $20.00 if released after the third anniversary after boarding.

Forbearance Set Up Fee.  For each Mortgage Loan where the Mortgagor enters a forbearance plan, a one-time fee of $25.

Loss Mitigation Fees.  With respect to any Mortgage Loan where the Mortgagor agrees to a Repayment Plan, Modification, Short Sale, or Deed-in-Lieu, Servicer will retain 100% of the incentive fees provided by the investor regardless of product type.  For any Non-Agency Mortgage Loan, Servicer will receive a fee equivalent to the incentive fee it would have received for such loss mitigation on any Agency Mortgage Loan.

Conventional Claims Processing Fee.  Each instance where Servicer submits a claim or supplemental claim in connection with any conventional Mortgage Loan, $150.

​

​

​

EXHIBIT 10.2

​

AMENDMENT NO. 1

TO AMENDED AND RESTATED

FLOW SERVICING AGREEMENT

​

Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Flow Servicing Agreement dated as of September 15, 2025 and effective as of October 1, 2025 (this “Amendment”), by and between PennyMac Loan Services, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Servicer”), and PennyMac Corp., a Delaware corporation (the “Owner”).

RECITALS

WHEREAS, the Servicer and the Owner are parties to that Amended and Restated Flow Servicing Agreement, dated as of December 16, 2024 (the “Existing Servicing Agreement” and, as amended by this Amendment, the “Servicing Agreement”). Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Existing Servicing Agreement.

WHEREAS, the Servicer and the Owner have agreed, subject to the terms and conditions of this Amendment, that the Existing Servicing Agreement be amended to reflect certain agreed upon revisions to the terms of the Existing Servicing Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual premises and mutual obligations set forth herein, the Servicer and the Owner hereby agree that the Existing Servicing Agreement is hereby amended as follows:

SECTION 1. Exhibits. 1.1Exhibit 9 of the Existing Servicing Agreement is hereby amended by deleting it in its entirety and replacing it with the form attached hereto as Exhibit A.

SECTION 2.Conditions Precedent. This Amendment shall retroactive effect as of the effective date first set forth above (the “Amendment Effective Date”), subject to the satisfaction of the following conditions precedent:

2.1Delivered Documents. On or prior to the entered-into-date first written above (“Entry Date”), each party shall have received the following documents, each of which shall be satisfactory to such party in form and substance:

a)	this Amendment, executed and delivered by duly authorized officers of the Servicer and the Owner; and
b)	such other documents as such party or counsel to such party may reasonably request.
---	---

2.2Representations and Warranties. On and prior to the Entry Date, each party shall be in compliance in all material respects with all the terms and provisions set forth in the Existing Servicing Agreement on its part to be observed or performed.

SECTION 3.Limited Effect. Except as expressly amended and modified by this Amendment, the Existing Servicing Agreement shall continue to be, and shall remain, in full force and effect in accordance with its terms.

SECTION 4. GOVERNING LAW . THIS AMENDMENT SHALL BE CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND THE OBLIGATIONS, RIGHTS AND REMEDIES OF THE PARTIES HEREUNDER SHALL BE DETERMINED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SUCH LAWS.

SECTION 5.Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts and by different parties hereto on separate counterparts, each of which, when so executed, shall constitute one and the same agreement.

SECTION 6.Conflicts. The parties hereto agree that in the event there is any conflict between the terms of this Amendment, and the terms of the Existing Servicing Agreement, the provisions of this Amendment shall control.

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[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

2

​

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused their names to be signed hereto by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized as of the date first above written.

​

PENNYMAC CORP., a Delaware corporation

(Owner)

​

By:/s/ Daniel S. Perotti​ ​​ ​

Name: Daniel S. Perotti

Title: Senior Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer

​

PENNYMAC LOAN SERVICES, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (Servicer)

​

By:/s/ Mark Acosta​ ​​ ​ Name: Mark Acosta Title: Senior Managing Director and Chief Servicing Officer

​

Signature Page to Amendment No. 1

Amended and Restated Flow Servicing Agreement

​

EXHIBIT A

EXHIBIT 9

TERM SHEET

​

BASE SERVICING FEES (per loan)

With respect to each Mortgage Loan, and regardless whether it is a First Lien Mortgage Loan or a Second Lien Mortgage Loan, the Base Servicing Fee shall be:

(i)if such Mortgage Loan is a Fixed-Rate Mortgage Loan, $7.00; or

(ii)if such Mortgage Loan is an Adjustable-Rate Mortgage Loan, $8.00.

​

ADDITIONAL SERVICING FEES

(per loan)

With respect to each Mortgage Loan, and regardless whether it is a First Lien Mortgage Loan or a Second Lien Mortgage Loan, the Additional Servicing Fee shall be one of the following:

(i)if, as of the first day of the relevant month, such Mortgage Loan is not delinquent, or is delinquent by less than 30 days, and no bankruptcy proceeding is pending by or against the Mortgagor, $0;

(ii)if, as of the first day of the relevant month, such Mortgage Loan is delinquent by 30 days or more and less than 60 days, and no bankruptcy proceeding is pending by or against the Mortgagor and no foreclosure proceeding has been initiated, $18.00;

(iii)if, as of the first day of the relevant month, such Mortgage Loan is delinquent by 60 days or more and less than 90 days, and no bankruptcy proceeding is pending by or against the Mortgagor and no foreclosure proceeding has been initiated, $35.00;

(iv)if, as of the first day of the relevant month, such Mortgage Loan is delinquent by 90 days or more, and no bankruptcy proceeding is pending by or against the Mortgagor and no foreclosure proceeding has been initiated, $55.00;

(v)if, as of the first day of the relevant month, a bankruptcy proceeding is pending by or against the Mortgagor (whether the Mortgage Loan is current or delinquent), $55.00; ​

(vi)if, as of the first day of the relevant month, foreclosure proceedings have been commenced and the Mortgaged Property has not become an REO Property, $80.00; or

(vii)if, as of the first day of the relevant month, the Mortgaged Property has become an REO Property, $75.00.

The Additional Servicing Fee shall also apply to any Mortgage Loan in an active forbearance plan.

​

​

OTHER KEY PARAMETERS

​	​
Remittance Types	Actual/Actual Basis during Interim Servicing Period
Remittance Date	See definition of Remittance Date
Servicing Advances	Servicer to be reimbursed monthly for all unpaid Servicing Advances incurred by Servicer in the prior month including Cost of Funds.
Cost of Funds on Servicing Advances	Refer to Section 5.04
Late Charges Collected	Servicer will retain 75% of late charges collected by Servicer
Ancillary Income<br><br>​<br><br>​<br><br>Placement Fees on Custodial Accounts<br><br>​<br><br>​<br><br>Interest on Escrow Accounts<br><br>​	Servicer will retain 100% of all Ancillary Income<br><br>Owner will retain 100% of placement fees not due to Mortgagor under applicable law<br><br>Refer to Section 3.01
Delegated Authority	Refer to Exhibit 10

​

Contract Term	Refer to Section 8.01
Eligible Mortgage Loan	See definition of Eligible Mortgage Loan

​

​

ANCILLARY INCOME AND OTHER FEES

Regardless whether a Mortgage Loan is a First Lien Mortgage Loan or a Second Lien Mortgage Loan, the Servicer shall be entitled to all Ancillary Income and the following Other Fees in addition to the Servicing Fee:

Setup Fee:  With respect to each Mortgage Loan, $10.00 if the Mortgage Loan is current or 30 days delinquent and information is provided to Servicer in a format that enables electronic boarding, $20 if the Mortgage Loan is 60 or more days delinquent and information is provided to Servicer in a format that enables electronic boarding, or $25.00 if information is provided to Servicer in a format that necessitates manual boarding.

Service Release Fee:  With respect to each Mortgage Loan, $42.50 if released on or prior to three (3) months after boarding, $35.00 if released between four (4) and twelve (12) months after boarding, $30.00 if released between the first and second anniversary after boarding, $25.00, if released between the second and third anniversary after boarding, and $20.00 if released after the third anniversary after boarding.

Forbearance Set Up Fee.  For each Mortgage Loan where the Mortgagor enters a forbearance plan, a one-time fee of $25.

Loss Mitigation Fees.  With respect to any Mortgage Loan where the Mortgagor agrees to a Repayment Plan, Modification, Short Sale, or Deed-in-Lieu, Servicer will retain 100% of the incentive fees provided by the investor regardless of product type.  For any Non-Agency Mortgage Loan, Servicer will receive a fee equivalent to the incentive fee it would have received for such loss mitigation on any Agency Mortgage Loan.

Conventional Claims Processing Fee.  Each instance where Servicer submits a claim or supplemental claim in connection with any conventional Mortgage Loan, $150. ​

Corporate Template

EXHIBIT 10.3

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AMENDMENT NO. 2

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THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED

MORTGAGE BANKING SERVICES AGREEMENT

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Amendment No. 2 to Third Amended and Restated Mortgage Banking Services Agreement, dated and effective as of September 16, 2025 (the “Amendment”), by and between PennyMac Loan Services, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Service Provider”), and PennyMac Corp., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”).

​

RECITALS

WHEREAS, the Service Provider and the Company are parties to that certain Third Amended and Restated Mortgage Banking Services Agreement, dated as of December 16, 2024, as amended (the “Existing MBS Agreement” and, as amended by this Amendment, the “MBS Agreement”). Capitalized terms used but not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Existing MBS Agreement.

WHEREAS, the Service Provider and the Company have agreed, subject to the terms and conditions of this Amendment, that the Existing MBS Agreement be amended to reflect certain agreed upon revisions to the terms of the Existing MBS Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual premises and mutual obligations set forth herein, the Service Provider and the Company hereby agree that the Existing MBS Agreement is hereby amended as follows:

SECTION 1.Section 1.01 of the Existing MBS Agreement is hereby amended by deleting the definition of “Mortgage Loan” in its entirety and replacing it with the following:

“Mortgage Loan” means a one-to-four family residential loan that is secured by a mortgage, deed of trust or other similar security instrument. A Mortgage Loan includes the Mortgage Loan Documents, the Mortgage File, the monthly payments, any principal payments or prepayments, any related escrow accounts, the mortgage servicing rights and all other rights, benefits, proceeds and obligations arising from or in connection with such Mortgage Loan.

SECTION 2.Amendments to Exhibit A. Exhibit A of the Existing MBS Agreement is hereby amended by deleting it in its entirety and replacing it with the form attached hereto as Exhibit A.

SECTION 3.Conditions Precedent. This Amendment shall become effective as of the date first set forth above (the “Amendment Effective Date”), subject to the satisfaction of the following conditions precedent:

3.1Delivered Documents. On the Amendment Effective Date, each party shall have received the following documents, each of which shall be satisfactory to such party in form and substance:

(a)this Amendment, executed and delivered by duly authorized officers of the Service Provider and the Company; and

(b)such other documents as such party or counsel to such party may reasonably request.

SECTION 4.Representations and Warranties. Each party represents that it is in compliance in all material respects with all the terms and provisions set forth in the Existing MBS Agreement on its part to be observed or performed.

SECTION 5.Limited Effect. Except as expressly amended and modified by this Amendment, the Existing MBS Agreement shall continue to be, and shall remain, in full force and effect in accordance with its terms.

SECTION 6.GOVERNING LAW . THIS AMENDMENT SHALL BE CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AND THE OBLIGATIONS, RIGHTS AND REMEDIES OF THE PARTIES HEREUNDER SHALL BE DETERMINED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SUCH LAWS.

SECTION 7.Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in one or more counterparts and by different parties hereto on separate counterparts, each of which, when so executed, shall constitute one and the same agreement.

SECTION 8.Conflicts. The parties hereto agree that in the event there is any conflict between the terms of this Amendment, and the terms of the Existing MBS Agreement, the provisions of this Amendment shall control.

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

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2

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused their names to be signed hereto by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized as of the day and year first above written.

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The Service Provider:	PENNYMAC LOAN SERVICES, LLC

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By: /s/ Douglas E. Jones Name: Douglas E. Jones Title: President and Chief Mortgage Banking Officer

The Company:	PENNYMAC CORP. ​

By: /s/ Daniel S. Perotti Name: Daniel S. Perotti Title: Senior Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer

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Signature Page to Amendment No. 2

Third Amended and Restated Mortgage Banking Services Agreement

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EXHIBIT A

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(Compensation)

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Fulfillment Fees

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The aggregate Fulfillment Fees for Mortgage Loans during any fiscal quarter shall not exceed:

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(a) the product of (i) the sum of $585.00 for each Tier 1 Loan Commitment and $355.00 for each Tier 2 Loan Commitment, and (ii) the number of Company Loan Commitments divided by the aggregate number of both Tier 1 Loan Commitments and Tier 2 Loan Commitments, the payment of which shall made no later than the end of the calendar month following the calendar month in which such Company Loan Commitments were issued, plus

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(b) the product of (i) the number of Company Purchased Loans divided by the aggregate number of both Tier 1 Purchased Loans and Tier 2 Purchased Loans, and (ii) the sum of $315.00 for each Tier 1 Purchased Loan and $195.00 for each Tier 2 Purchased Loan, the payment of which shall be made no later than the end of the calendar month following the calendar month in which such Company Purchased Loans were purchased by the Company; plus

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(c) in the case of all Mortgage Loans other than Fannie Mae Mortgage Loans and Freddie Mac Mortgage Loans that are purchased by the Company, supplemental fees in an amount no greater than the product of (i) $500.00, and (ii) the number of such Mortgage Loans sold and/or securitized (the “Supplemental Fees”), the payment of which shall be made no later than the end of the calendar month following the calendar month in which such Mortgage Loan was sold and/or securitized.

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No Fulfillment Fee shall be due or payable to the Service Provider with respect to the following: (i) any Ginnie Mae Mortgage Loan; (ii) any Fannie Mae Mortgage Loan or Freddie Mac Mortgage Loan acquired from the Company by the Service Provider pursuant to Section 3.03(b)(xxvi); or (iii) any Mortgage Loan acquired by the Company from the Service Provider on or before June 30, 2025, provided that Supplemental Fees may still be charged in connection with the securitization or sale of any such Mortgage Loans.

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For the purposes of this Exhibit A, “mandatory trade confirmation” and “best efforts lock confirmation” shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the PennyMac Guide, and to the extent the Service Provider purchases any Mortgage Loans from the Company during the quarters ending March 31, 2025 or June 30, 2025, or the Company purchases any Mortgage Loans from the Service Provider during any quarter commencing on and after July 1, 2025, such Mortgage Loans shall reflect a representative mix of “mandatory trade confirmations” and “best efforts lock confirmations,” as well as a representative mix of underlying characteristics, by reference to all of the Mortgage Loans within the related Loan Category(ies) acquired from Correspondents by the Company or the Service Provider, as applicable, during such quarter.

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Early Purchase Program Fees

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With respect to each Early Purchase Program, through June 30, 2025, the Service Provider shall be entitled to fees that accrue (a) at a rate equal to $1,500 per annum, and (b) in the amount of $35 with respect to each Mortgage Loan purchased by the Company thereunder. The fee described in clause (a) shall accrue and be payable monthly not later than the last Business Day of each month from and after the execution of the Early Purchase Program documentation. The fee described in clause (b) shall accrue and be payable monthly not later than the fifth (5^th^) Business Day following the month during which the related Mortgage Loan first becomes subject to a transaction thereunder. ​

Exhibit 31.1

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CERTIFICATION

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I, David A. Spector, certify that:

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1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.;

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2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

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3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

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4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13(a)-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

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a.	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

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b.	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

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c.	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

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d.	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

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5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

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a.	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

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b.	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

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​	​
Date: October 28, 2025			​
​			​
By:	/s/ David A. Spector	​	​
​	David A. Spector		​
​	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer<br><br>(Principal Executive Officer)		​

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Exhibit 31.2

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CERTIFICATION

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I, Daniel S. Perotti, certify that:

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1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of PennyMac Financial Services, Inc.;

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2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

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3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

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4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13(a)-15(e) and 15(d)-15(e)) registrant and have:

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a.	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

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b.	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

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c.	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

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d.	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

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5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

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a.	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

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b.	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

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​	​
Date: October 28, 2025			​
​			​
By:	/s/ Daniel S. Perotti	​	​
​	Daniel S. Perotti		​
​	Senior Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer<br><br>(Principal Financial Officer)		​

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Exhibit 32.1

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CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

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In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, David A. Spector, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that:

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1.	The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

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2.	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

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​

​	​
Date: October 28, 2025			​
​			​
By:	/s/ David A. Spector	​	​
​	David A. Spector		​
​	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer<br><br>(Principal Executive Officer)		​

​

​

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. and will be retained by PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.

Exhibit 32.2

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CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

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In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended September 30, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Daniel S. Perotti, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge, that:

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1.	The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

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2.	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

​

​

​	​	​	​
Date: October 28, 2025			​
​			​
By:	/s/ Daniel S. Perotti	​	​
​	Daniel S. Perotti		​
​	Senior Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer<br><br>(Principal Financial Officer)		​

​

​

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906, or other document authenticating, acknowledging, or otherwise adopting the signature that appears in typed form within the electronic version of this written statement required by Section 906, has been provided to PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. and will be retained by PennyMac Financial Services, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.