10-Q
PURE BIOSCIENCE, INC. (PURE)
UNITEDSTATES
SECURITIESAND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,D.C. 20549
FORM10-Q
| [X] | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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FORTHE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED JANUARY 31, 2020
| [ ] | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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CommissionFile Number 001-14468
PUREBioscience, Inc.
(Exactname of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 33-0530289 |
|---|---|
| (State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer |
| incorporation or organization) | Identification No.) |
| 9669 Hermosa Avenue<br><br> <br>Rancho Cucamonga, California | 91730 |
| --- | --- |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’stelephone number, including area code: (619) 596-8600
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large<br> accelerated filer | [ ] | Accelerated<br> filer | [ ] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-accelerated<br> filer | [ ] | Smaller<br> reporting company | [X] |
| Emerging<br> growth company | [ ] |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes [ ] No [X]
As of March 12, 2020, there were 86,890,953 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.
PUREBioscience, Inc.
Form10-Q
forthe Quarterly Period Ended January 31, 2020
Tableof Contents
| Page | ||
|---|---|---|
| PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | |
| Item<br> 1. | Financial Statements | 3 |
| Item<br> 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 15 |
| Item<br> 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 22 |
| Item<br> 4. | Controls and Procedures | 22 |
| PART II | OTHER INFORMATION | |
| Item<br> 1. | Legal Proceedings | 23 |
| Item<br> 1A. | Risk Factors | 23 |
| Item<br> 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 24 |
| Item<br> 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 24 |
| Item<br> 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 24 |
| Item<br> 5. | Other Information | 24 |
| Item<br> 6. | Exhibits | 25 |
| Signatures | 26 |
| 2 |
| --- |
PartI - Financial Information
Item1. Financial Statements
PUREBioscience, Inc.
CondensedConsolidated Balance Sheets
| July 31, 2019 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Assets | |||||
| Current assets | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 246,000 | $ | 398,000 | ||
| Accounts receivable | 156,000 | 373,000 | |||
| Inventories, net | 141,000 | 177,000 | |||
| Restricted cash | 75,000 | 75,000 | |||
| Prepaid expenses | 15,000 | 18,000 | |||
| Total current assets | 633,000 | 1,041,000 | |||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 351,000 | 362,000 | |||
| Patents, net | 484,000 | 529,000 | |||
| Total assets | 1,468,000 | $ | 1,932,000 | ||
| Liabilities and stockholders’ equity | |||||
| Current liabilities | |||||
| Accounts payable | 589,000 | $ | 553,000 | ||
| Accrued liabilities | 103,000 | 185,000 | |||
| Total current liabilities | 692,000 | 738,000 | |||
| Deferred rent | — | 4,000 | |||
| Total liabilities | 692,000 | 742,000 | |||
| Commitments and contingencies | |||||
| Stockholders’ equity | |||||
| Preferred stock, 0.01 par value: 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding | — | — | |||
| Common stock, 0.01 par value: 100,000,000 shares authorized, 79,994,402 shares issued and outstanding at January 31, 2020, and 76,732,334 shares issued and outstanding at July 31, 2019 | 800,000 | 768,000 | |||
| Additional paid-in capital | 125,245,000 | 123,900,000 | |||
| Accumulated deficit | (125,269,000 | ) | (123,478,000 | ) | |
| Total stockholders’ equity | 776,000 | 1,190,000 | |||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | 1,468,000 | $ | 1,932,000 |
All values are in US Dollars.
Seeaccompanying notes.
| 3 |
| --- |
PUREBioscience, Inc.
CondensedConsolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited)
| Six Months Ended | Three months Ended | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 31, | January 31, | |||||||||||
| 2020 | 2019 | 2020 | 2019 | |||||||||
| Net product sales | $ | 747,000 | $ | 984,000 | $ | 349,000 | $ | 394,000 | ||||
| Operating costs and expenses | ||||||||||||
| Cost of goods sold | 298,000 | 363,000 | 142,000 | 160,000 | ||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | 2,100,000 | 4,312,000 | 810,000 | 1,459,000 | ||||||||
| Research and development | 142,000 | 164,000 | 60,000 | 67,000 | ||||||||
| Total operating costs and expenses | 2,540,000 | 4,839,000 | 1,012,000 | 1,686,000 | ||||||||
| Loss from operations | (1,793,000 | ) | (3,855,000 | ) | (663,000 | ) | (1,292,000 | ) | ||||
| Other income (expense) | ||||||||||||
| Interest expense, net | (3,000 | ) | (4,000 | ) | (1,000 | ) | (1,000 | ) | ||||
| Other income (expense), net | 5,000 | (3,000 | ) | (2,000 | ) | (3,000 | ) | |||||
| Total other income (expense) | 2,000 | (7,000 | ) | (3,000 | ) | (4,000 | ) | |||||
| Net loss | $ | (1,791,000 | ) | $ | (3,862,000 | ) | $ | (666,000 | ) | $ | (1,296,000 | ) |
| Basic and diluted net loss per share | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | (0.05 | ) | $ | (0.01 | ) | $ | (0.02 | ) |
| Shares used in computing basic and diluted net loss per share | 78,999,237 | 71,312,898 | 79,994,402 | 71,623,494 |
Seeaccompanying notes.
| 4 |
| --- |
PUREBioscience, Inc.
CondensedConsolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
(Unaudited)
| Six<br> Months Ended January 31, 2020 | Six<br> Months Ended January 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Common<br> Stock | Additional<br><br> Paid-In | Accumulated | Total<br><br> Stockholders’ | Common<br> Stock | Additional<br><br><br> Paid-In | Accumulated | Total<br><br><br> Stockholders’ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Equity | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Equity | |||||||||||||||||
| Balances at beginning of period | 76,732,334 | $ | 768,000 | $ | 123,900,000 | $ | (123,478,000 | ) | $ | 1,190,000 | 68,248,158 | $ | 683,000 | $ | 117,522,000 | $ | (116,924,000 | ) | $ | 1,281,000 | ||||||
| Issuance of common stock in private placements, net | 2,862,068 | 28,000 | 802,000 | — | 830,000 | 3,333,964 | 33,000 | 1,464,000 | — | 1,497,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense - stock options | — | — | 336,000 | — | 336,000 | — | — | 1,247,000 | — | 1,247,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense - restricted stock units | — | — | 211,000 | — | 211,000 | — | — | 954,000 | — | 954,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units | 400,000 | 4,000 | (4,000 | ) | — | — | 131,250 | 1,000 | (1,000 | ) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | (1,791,000 | ) | (1,791,000 | ) | — | — | — | (3,862,000 | ) | (3,862,000 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Balances at end of period (Unaudited) | 79,994,402 | $ | 800,000 | $ | 125,245,000 | $ | (125,269,000 | ) | $ | 776,000 | 71,713,372 | $ | 717,000 | $ | 121,186,000 | $ | (120,786,000 | ) | $ | 1,117,000 | ||||||
| Three<br> Months Ended January 31, 2020 | Three<br> Months Ended January 31, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |
| Common<br> Stock | Additional<br><br> Paid-In | Accumulated | Total<br><br> Stockholders’ | Common<br> Stock | Additional<br><br><br> Paid-In | Accumulated | Total<br><br><br> Stockholders’ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Equity | Shares | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Equity | |||||||||||||||||
| Balances at beginning of period (Unaudited) | 79,994,402 | $ | 800,000 | $ | 125,156,000 | $ | (124,603,000 | ) | $ | 1,353,000 | 71,582,122 | $ | 716,000 | $ | 120,730,000 | $ | (119,490,000 | ) | $ | 1,956,000 | ||||||
| Share-based compensation expense - stock options | — | — | 68,000 | — | 68,000 | — | — | 244,000 | — | 244,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense - restricted stock units | — | — | 21,000 | — | 21,000 | — | — | 213,000 | — | 213,000 | ||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for vested restricted stock units | — | 131,250 | 1,000 | (1,000 | ) | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | — | — | (666,000 | ) | (666,000 | ) | — | — | — | (1,296,000 | ) | (1,296,000 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Balances at end of period (Unaudited) | 79,994,402 | $ | 800,000 | $ | 125,245,000 | $ | (125,269,000 | ) | $ | 776,000 | 71,713,372 | $ | 717,000 | $ | 121,186,000 | $ | (120,786,000 | ) | $ | 1,117,000 |
Seeaccompanying notes.
| 5 |
| --- |
PUREBioscience, Inc.
CondensedConsolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited)
| Six Months Ended | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January 31, | |||||
| 2020 | 2019 | ||||
| Operating activities | |||||
| Net loss | $ | (1,791,000 | ) | ) | |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | |||||
| Share-based compensation | 547,000 | ||||
| Amortization of stock issued for services | 4,000 | ||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 100,000 | ||||
| Interest expense on promissory note | — | ||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | |||||
| Accounts receivable | 217,000 | ||||
| Inventories | 36,000 | ) | |||
| Prepaid expenses | (1,000 | ) | ) | ||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | (46,000 | ) | ) | ||
| Deferred rent | (4,000 | ) | ) | ||
| Net cash used in operating activities | (938,000 | ) | ) | ||
| Investing activities | |||||
| Purchases of property, plant and equipment | (44,000 | ) | ) | ||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (44,000 | ) | ) | ||
| Financing activities | |||||
| Net proceeds from the sale of common stock | 830,000 | ||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 830,000 | ||||
| Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (152,000 | ) | ) | ||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period | 473,000 | ||||
| Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 321,000 | |||
| Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheets | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 246,000 | |||
| Restricted cash | $ | 75,000 | |||
| Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 321,000 | |||
| Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities | |||||
| Cash paid for taxes | $ | 2,000 | |||
| Conversion of promissory note and accrued interest from a related party to common stock | $ | — |
All values are in US Dollars.
Seeaccompanying notes.
| 6 |
| --- |
PUREBioscience, Inc.
Notesto Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(Unaudited)
1.Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of PURE Bioscience, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiary, ETI H2O Inc., a Nevada corporation. ETI H2O, Inc. currently has no business operations and no material assets or liabilities and there have been no significant transactions related to ETI H2O, Inc. during the periods presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements. All inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated. All references to “PURE,” “we,” “our,” “us” and the “Company” refer to PURE Bioscience, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiary.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, for interim financial information pursuant to the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10/Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and six months ended January 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for other periods or the year ending July 31, 2020. The July 31, 2019 balance sheet was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP and included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more complete information, these unaudited financial statements and the notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements for the year ended July 31, 2019 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K covering such period filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on October 30, 2019.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
2.Liquidity & Going Concern Uncertainty
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, during the six months ended January 31, 2020, we incurred a net loss of $1,791,000 and used cash in operations of $938,000. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date of the financial statements being issued. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to raise additional funds and implement the Company’s business plan. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm, in its report on the Company’s July 31, 2019 financial statements, has raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through public and private offerings of securities, debt financing, and revenue from product sales and license agreements. We have a history of recurring losses, and as of January 31, 2020, we have incurred a cumulative net loss of $125,269,000.
We do not have, and may never have, significant cash inflows from product sales or from other sources of revenue to fund our operations. As of January 31, 2020, we had $321,000 in cash and cash equivalents, and $692,000 of current liabilities, including $589,000 in accounts payable. As of January 31, 2020, we have no long-term debt.
Our future capital requirements depend on numerous forward-looking factors. These factors may include, but are not limited to, the following: the acceptance of, and demand for, our products; our success and the success of our partners in selling our products; our success and the success of our partners in obtaining regulatory approvals to sell our products; the costs of further developing our existing products and technologies; the extent to which we invest in new product and technology development; and the costs associated with the continued operation, and any future growth, of our business. The outcome of these and other forward-looking factors will substantially affect our liquidity and capital resources.
| 7 |
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Until we can generate positive cash flow from operations, we expect to continue to fund our operations with the proceeds of offerings of our equity and debt securities. However, we cannot assure you that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds from the issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business. Further, any contracts or license arrangements we enter into to raise funds may require us to relinquish our rights to our products or technology, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into any such contracts or license arrangements on acceptable terms, or at all. Having insufficient funds may require us to delay or scale back our marketing, distribution and other commercialization activities or cease our operations altogether.
Subsequent to January 31, 2020, the Company received proceeds of $2.0M (see Note 8) from the sale of 6,896,551 shares of common stock. While, as discussed above, certain factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, we believe our available cash, our current efforts to market and sell our products, and our ability to significantly reduce expenses, will provide sufficient cash resources to satisfy our needs over the next 12 months. However, we do not yet have, and we may never have, significant cash inflows from product sales or from other sources of revenue to offset our ongoing and planned investments in, research and development projects, regulatory submissions, business development activities, and sales and marketing, among other investments. Some or all of our ongoing or planned investments may not be successful. In addition, irrespective of our cash resources, we may be contractually or legally obligated to make certain investments which cannot be postponed.
3.Significant Accounting Policies
RevenueRecognition
Effective August 1, 2018, we adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). Under Topic 606, revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. This principle is applied using the following 5-step process:
| 1. | Identify<br> the contract with the customer |
|---|---|
| 2. | Identify<br> the performance obligations in the contract |
| 3. | Determine<br> the transaction price |
| 4. | Allocate<br> the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract |
| 5. | Recognize<br> revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied |
Under Topic 606, we recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of the promised goods or services to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.
Our technology platform is based on patented stabilized ionic silver, and our initial products contain silver dihydrogen citrate, or SDC. SDC is a broad-spectrum, non-toxic antimicrobial agent, which offers 24-hour residual protection and formulates well with other compounds. We sell various configurations and dilutions of SDC direct to customers and through distributors. We currently offer PURE^®^ Hard Surface as a food contact surface sanitizer and disinfectant to restaurant chains, food processors and food transportation companies. We also offer PURE Control^®^ as a direct food contact processing aid.
Contract terms for unit price, quantity, shipping and payment are governed by sales agreements and purchase orders which we consider to be a customer’s contract in all cases. The unit price is considered the observable stand-alone selling price for the arrangements. Any promotional or sales discounts are applied evenly to the units sold for purposes of calculating standalone selling price.
| 8 |
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Product sales generally consist of a single performance obligation that we satisfy at a point in time. We recognize product revenue when the following events have occurred: (a) we have transferred physical possession of the products, (b) we have a present right to payment, (c) the customer has legal title to the products, and (d) the customer bears significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products.
Our direct customer and distributer sales are invoiced based on received purchase orders. Our payment terms on invoiced direct customer and distributor sales range between 30 and 90 days after we satisfy our performance obligation. The majority of our customers are on 30 day payment terms. We currently offer no right of return on invoiced sales and maintain no allowance for sales returns.
Shipping and handling are treated as activities to fulfill promises to customers and any amounts billed to a customer, if applicable, represent revenues earned for the goods provided. Costs related to such shipping and handling billings are classified as cost of sales.
We do not have significant categories of revenue that may impact how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.
VariableConsideration
We record revenue from customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price we expect to be entitled to after transferring control of those goods or services. From time to time, we offer sales promotions on our products such as discounts. Variable consideration is estimated at contract inception only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur.
Useof Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements, and the disclosures made in the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Those estimates and assumptions include estimates for reserves of uncollectible accounts, inventory obsolescence, depreciable lives of property and equipment, analysis of impairments of recorded long-term tangible and intangible assets, realization of deferred tax assets, accruals for potential liabilities and assumptions made in valuing stock instruments issued for services.
NetLoss Per Share
Basic net loss per common share is computed as net loss divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Our diluted net loss per common share is the same as our basic net loss per common share because we incurred a net loss during each period presented, and the potentially dilutive securities from the assumed exercise of all outstanding stock options, restricted stock units, and warrants would have an anti-dilutive effect. As of January 31, 2020 and 2019, the number of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options, the vesting of restricted stock units, and the exercise of warrants, none of which are included in the computation of basic net loss per common share, was 10,410,890 and 12,696,564 respectively.
Inventory
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value, and net of a valuation allowance for potential excess or obsolete material when necessary. Cost is determined using the average cost method. Depreciation related to manufacturing is systematically allocated to inventory produced, and expensed through cost of goods sold at the time inventory is sold.
Inventories consist of the following:
| January 31, 2020 | July 31, 2019 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raw materials | $ | 3,000 | $ | 30,000 |
| Finished goods | 138,000 | 147,000 | ||
| $ | 141,000 | $ | 177,000 |
| 9 |
| --- |
Share-BasedCompensation
We grant equity-based awards under share-based compensation plans. We estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. This fair value is then amortized over the requisite service periods of the awards. The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and expected life of the option. Share-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, and therefore is reduced by expected forfeitures. Changes in assumptions used under the Black-Scholes option valuation model could materially affect our net loss and net loss per share.
Impairmentof Long-Lived Assets
In accordance with GAAP, if indicators of impairment exist, we assess the recoverability of the affected long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If impairment is indicated, we measure the amount of such impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset to the fair value of the asset and we record the impairment as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to operating results. Estimating the undiscounted future cash flows associated with long-lived assets requires judgment, and assumptions could differ materially from actual results. During the three and six months ended January 31, 2020 and 2019, no impairment of long-lived assets was indicated or recorded.
Concentrations
Grosssales. For the three months ended January 31, 2020, two individual customers accounted for 14% and 10% of our net product sales, respectively. For the six months ended January 31, 2020, two individual customers accounted for 17% and 10% of our net product sales, respectively. For the three months ended January 31, 2019, three individual customers accounted for 14%, 10% and 10% of our net product sales. For the six months ended January 31, 2019, two individual customers accounted for 16% and 12% of our net product sales, respectively.
Accountsreceivable. As of January 31, 2020, we had accounts receivable from three customers that comprised of 23%, 12% and 11% of total accounts receivable, respectively. As of January 31, 2019, we had accounts receivable from one customers that comprised of 20%, and two customers that comprised of 12% of total accounts receivable.
Accountspayable. As of January 31, 2020, our largest two vendors accounted for 14% and 12% of the total accounts payable, respectively. As of January 31, 2019, our largest two vendors accounted for 14% and 10% of the total accounts payable, respectively.
Reclassification
For the three and six months ended January 31, 2019, share-based compensation expense of $457,000 and $2,201,000 has been included in selling, general and administrative expense to conform to current period presentation, respectively. This reclassification did not have an impact on our results of operations or financial condition for the three and six months ended January 31, 2020 and 2019.
| 10 |
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4.Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASC 326”). The standard significantly changes how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets, including accounts and notes receivables. The standard will replace today’s “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model , under which companies will recognize allowances based on expected rather than incurred losses. Entities will apply the standard’s provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. As small business filer, the standard will be effective for us for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting this standard on the Company’s financial statements and related disclosures.
Recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the Securities and Exchange Commission did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future consolidated financial statement presentation or disclosures.
5.Stockholders’ Equity
PrivatePlacement Financing
On October 2, 2019, we entered into and completed a closing (the “Closing”) of a private placement financing to accredited investors. We raised net proceeds of $830,000 in the Closing of an aggregate of 2,862,068 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $0.29 per share, the closing sales price of our common stock on the date prior to the Closing. The Shares issued in the private placement financing were issued pursuant to a securities purchase agreement entered into with the investors. Tom Y. Lee and Dale Okuno, each of whom are accredited investors and members of the Company’s Board of Directors invested $290,000 and $250,000, respectively, in the private placement financing. Mr. Lee also serves as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer.
The net proceeds to us from the Closing, after deducting the forgoing fees and other offering expenses, were $830,000. We expect to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including our research and development efforts, and for general administrative expenses and working capital.
The issuance and sale of the Shares was not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and these Shares may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration under or exemption from the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws. The Shares were issued and sold in reliance upon an exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act. The Investors represented to the Company that each was an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D under the Securities Act, and that each was receiving the Shares for investment for its own account and without a view to distribute them.
On August 16, 2018, we completed a Closing of a private placement financing to accredited investors. We raised approximately $1.5 million in the Closing and issued an aggregate of 3,333,964 shares of our common stock at a purchase price of $0.45 per share, including the conversion of approximately $0.5 million held in the form of a promissory note as of July 31, 2018. The shares issued in the private placement financing were issued pursuant to a securities purchase agreement entered into with the investors. Mr. Tom Y. Lee, a member of the Company’s Board of Directors invested approximately $1.0 million through his affiliates, including approximately $0.5 million of cash and the cancellation of existing indebtedness in the amount of approximately $0.5 million that was held in the form of a promissory note payable as of July 31, 2018.
The net proceeds to us from the Closing (including the cancellation of indebtedness), after deducting fees and other offering expenses, were approximately $1.5 million.
The issuance and sale of the shares was not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and these shares may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration under or exemption from the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws. The shares were issued and sold in reliance upon an exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act. The Investors represented to the Company that each was an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D under the Securities Act, and that each was receiving the shares for investment for its own account and without a view to distribute them.
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OtherActivity
During the three months ended October 31, 2017, we entered into a two-year service agreement for business development services. In accordance with the agreement we issued 50,000 shares of common stock, with a value of $51,000. The value was capitalized to prepaid expense and is being amortized over the term of the agreement. During the three and six months ended January 31, 2020, we recognized zero and $4,000 of expense related to these services, respectively. During the three and six months ended January 31, 2019, we recognized $6,000 and $13,000 of expense related to these services, respectively.
6.Share-Based Compensation
RestrictedStock Units
The Company issues restricted stock unit awards (“RSUs”) to key management and as compensation for services to consultants and others. The RSUs typically vest over a two-year period and carry a ten-year term. Each RSU represents the right to receive one share of common stock, issuable at the time the RSU subsequently settles, as set forth in the Restricted Stock Unit Agreement. The Company determines that fair value of those awards at the date of grant, and amortizes those awards as an expense over the vesting period of the award. The shares earned under the grant are usually issued when the award settles at the end of the term.
As of July 31, 2019, the Company had granted 1,912,500 RSU’s of which 1,456,250 had vested. As of July 31, 2019, 456,250 RSU’s with a fair value of $211,200, remained unvested. None of the shares vested under the RSUs had been issued as of July 31, 2019.
During the six month period ended January 31, 2020, the Company recognized $49,000 of compensation cost relating to the shares vesting during the period. In addition, the Company accelerated the vesting of 400,000 shares of stock issued to Henry R. Lambert with a remaining value of $162,000 upon his retirement during the period. In total, the Company recognized $211,000 from the vesting of these restricted stock units. For the six months ended January 31, 2019 share-based compensation expense for RSUs was $954,000, of which $489,000 was due the accelerated vesting of RSU’s held by Dave Pfanzelter, the former Chairman of our Board. Mr. Pfanzelter retired from our Board in August 2018.
During the six months ended January 31, 2020 there were no Restricted Stock Units granted, and 400,000 shares were settled and delivered to Mr. Lambert upon his retirement. At January 31, 2020, all outstanding RSUs were fully vested with no unrecognized non-cash compensation expense remaining.
As of January 31, 2020, 1,512,500 RSUs are issuable. These RSUs are issued upon settlement date which is defined as “for each Vested Unit, the earliest of (i) the ten-year anniversary of the Grant Date; (ii) sixty days after the date the Grantee’s Service ceases for any reason and such cessation constitutes a “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code; (iii) the date of Grantee’s death or (iv) the date of a Change in Control that constitutes a “change in control event” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code”.
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A summary of our restricted stock unit activity and related data is as follows:
| Outstanding at July 31, 2019 | 1,912,500 | |
|---|---|---|
| Granted | — | |
| Vested | (400,000 | ) |
| Forfeited | — | |
| Outstanding at January 31, 2020 | 1,512,500 |
All of the 1,512,500 RSUs outstanding as of January 31, 2020 are fully vested and the underlying common stock has not been delivered and remains outstanding, as set forth in the RSU agreements.
StockOption Plans
2007Equity Incentive Plan
In February 2016, we amended and restated our 2007 Equity Incentive Plan, the (“2007 Plan”), to, among other changes, increase the number of shares of common stock issuable under the 2007 Plan by 4,000,000 shares and extend the term of the 2007 Plan until February 4, 2026. The 2007 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-qualified stock options, as well as other share-based payment awards, to our employees, directors, consultants and advisors. These awards have up to a 10-year contractual life and are subject to various vesting periods, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. As of January 31, 2020, there were approximately 1,185,000 shares available for issuance under the 2007 Plan.
2017Equity Incentive Plan
Our shareholders approved our 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”) in January 2018, which has a share reserve of 5,000,000 shares of common stock that were registered under a Form S-8 filed with the SEC in February 2018. The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of incentive and non-qualified stock options, as well as other share-based payment awards, to our employees, directors, consultants and advisors. These awards have up to a 10-year contractual life and are subject to various vesting periods, as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. As of January 31, 2020, there were approximately 831,000 shares available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.
During the six months ended January 31, 2020, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors authorized the issuance of 1,240,000 stock options to our employees, officers and directors with a fair value of $265,000 as determined by the Black Scholes option pricing model. The vesting terms of the options vary between one and two years and carry a ten year term.
A summary of our stock option activity is as follows:
| Shares | Weighted-<br> Average<br> Exercise Price | Aggregate<br> Intrinsic<br> Value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outstanding at July 31, 2019 | 7,363,125 | $ | 1.04 | $ | — | ||
| Granted | 1,240,000 | $ | 0.32 | $ | 4,000 | ||
| Exercised | — | $ | — | — | |||
| Cancelled | (32,500 | ) | $ | 7.46 | — | ||
| Outstanding at January 31, 2020 | 8,570,625 | $ | 0.91 | $ | 155,000 |
The weighted-average remaining contractual term of options outstanding at January 31, 2020 was 4.95 years.
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For the six months ended January 31, 2020 share-based compensation expense for stock options was $336,000. For the six months ended January 31, 2019 share-based compensation expense for stock options was $1,247,000, of which $739,000 was due the accelerated vesting of stock options held by Dave Pfanzelter, the former Chairman of our Board. Mr. Pfanzelter retired from our Board in August 2018.
At January 31, 2020, options to purchase 7,197,292 shares of common stock were exercisable. These options had a weighted-average exercise price of $1.01 and a weighted average remaining contractual term of 4.21 years. The weighted average grant date fair value for options granted during the six months ended January 31, 2020 was $0.21. The total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock option grants as of January 31, 2020 was approximately $249,000 and the weighted average period over which these grants are expected to vest is 1.66 years.
We use the Black-Scholes valuation model to calculate the fair value of stock options. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period using the straight-line method. The fair value of stock options was estimated at the grant date using the following weighted average assumptions:
| Three<br> <br>Months Ended January 31, 2020 | Three<br> <br>Months Ended January 31, 2019 | Six<br> <br>Months Ended January 31, 2020 | Six<br> <br>Months Ended January 31, 2019 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volatility | 79.48 | % | — | % | 79.62 | % | 62.52 | % | ||||
| Risk-free interest rate | 1.46 | % | — | % | 1.43 | % | 2.80 | % | ||||
| Dividend yield | 0.0 | % | — | % | 0.0 | % | 0.0 | % | ||||
| Expected life | 5.50 | — | 5.57 years | 3.02 years |
Volatility is the measure by which our stock price is expected to fluctuate during the expected term of an option. Volatility is derived from the historical daily change in the market price of our common stock, as we believe that historical volatility is the best indicator of future volatility.
The risk-free interest rates used in the Black-Scholes calculations are based on the prevailing U.S. Treasury yield as determined by the U.S. Federal Reserve.
We have never paid dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, we have assumed no dividend yield for purposes of estimating the fair value of our share-based compensation.
The expected life of options was estimated using the average between the contractual term and the vesting term of the options.
7. Related Party Transactions
As of January 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, accounts payable include $120,000 and $60,000 due to officers and directors.
**8.**Subsequent Events
On March 9, 2020, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with various accredited investors with respect to a private placement financing (the “Private Placement”) and simultaneously completed the closing (the “Closing”) of the Private Placement. We raised net proceeds of approximately $2,000,000 in the Private Placement for an aggregate of 6,896,551 shares of our common stock (the “Shares”) at a purchase price of $0.29 per share. The per share purchase price was approved by our Board of Directors on February 24, 2020 and represents a 20% discount to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on that date. Tom Y. Lee, Dale Okuno and Ivan Chen, each of whom are accredited investors and members of the Company’s Board of Directors, invested $650,500, $450,000 and $52,000, respectively, in the Private Placement. Mr. Lee also serves as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer.
The net proceeds to us from the Private Placement, after deducting estimated fees and other offering expenses, are expected to be approximately $1,998,000. We expect to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including our research and development efforts, and for general administrative expenses and working capital.
The issuance and sale of the Shares was not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and these Shares may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration under or exemption from the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws. The Shares were issued and sold in reliance upon an exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act. The Investors represented to the Company that each was an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D under the Securities Act, and that each was receiving the Shares for investment for its own account and without a view to distribute them.
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Item2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations [PENDING]
Allreferences in this Item 2 and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report to “PURE,” “we”, “our,” “us”and the “Company” refer to PURE Bioscience, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and our wholly owned subsidiary, ETI H2O,Inc., a Nevada corporation. ETI H2O, Inc. currently has no business operations and no material assets or liabilities and therehave been no significant transactions related to ETI H2O, Inc. during the periods presented in the condensed consolidated financialstatements contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.
Thediscussion in this section contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or our future financialperformance. We have attempted to identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “anticipate,” “believe,”“can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,”“may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “should,” “would”or “will” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, but their absence does not mean that a statementis not forward-looking. These statements are only predictions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors,which could cause our actual results to differ from those projected in any forward-looking statements we make. Several risks anduncertainties we face are discussed in more detail under “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Reportor in the discussion and analysis below. You should, however, understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all risksand uncertainties and you should not consider the risks and uncertainties identified by us to be a complete set of all potentialrisks or uncertainties that could materially affect us. You should not place undue reliance on the forward-looking statementswe make herein because some or all of them may turn out to be wrong. We undertake no obligation to update any of the forward-lookingstatements contained herein to reflect future events and developments, except as required by law. The following discussion shouldbe read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes to those financial statements includedelsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Overview
We are focused on developing and commercializing proprietary antimicrobial products that provide safe and cost-effective solutions to the health and environmental challenges of pathogen and hygienic control. Our technology platform is based on patented stabilized ionic silver, and our initial products contain silver dihydrogen citrate, or SDC. SDC is a broad-spectrum, non-toxic antimicrobial agent, which offers 24-hour residual protection and formulates well with other compounds. As a platform technology, we believe SDC is distinguished from existing products in the marketplace because of its superior efficacy, reduced toxicity, non-causticity, and the inability of bacteria to form a resistance to it.
We believe there is a significant market opportunity for our safe, non-toxic and effective SDC-based solutions. We currently offer PURE^®^ Hard Surface as a food contact surface sanitizer and disinfectant to restaurant chains, food processors, and food transportation companies. We also offer PURE Control^®^ as a direct food contact processing aid. We received the required FDA approvals to market PURE Control^®^ as a direct food contact processing aid for raw poultry and fresh produce in December 2015 and January 2016, respectively. Because additional USDA approval was not required, we began marketing PURE Control as a direct food contact processing aid for fresh produce following our receipt of FDA approval in January 2016.
In July 2016, we received a “No Objection Letter” from the USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) granting approval for SDC-based PURE Control to be used as a spray or dip applied to poultry carcasses, parts and organs in pre-OLR (on-line reprocessing) and post chill processing of fresh poultry. In January 2017, we submitted an additional FCN to the FDA to allow use of higher SDC concentrations in poultry processing, allowing the flexibility to adjust to varying plant and processing conditions. In May 2017, we received a Final Letter from the FDA for this FCN as well as a “No Objection Letter” from the USDA’s Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) granting approval for the higher concentrations of SDC-based PURE Control to be used as a spray or dip applied to poultry carcasses, parts and organs in pre-OLR (on-line reprocessing) and post chill processing of fresh poultry. We are currently focused on completing in-plant validation trials for PURE Control in pre- and post OLR poultry processing applications, which represents approximately 65% to 75% of the total processing aid market for poultry processing. We are continuing to optimize the application of PURE Control in OLR to attempt to gain USDA approval for use in this stage of poultry processing.
Subject to the results of our focused in-plant validation efforts for our approved produce and poultry solutions, we intend to seek approval to utilize PURE Control as a direct food contact processing aid for raw meats, including beef and pork. In addition to our direct sales efforts with PURE Hard Surface and PURE Control, we market and sell our SDC-based products indirectly through third-party distributors.
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BusinessStrategy
Our goal is to become a sustainable company by commercializing the SDC-based products we have developed with our proprietary technology platform. We are focused on delivering leading antimicrobial products that address food safety risks across the food industry supply chain. Key aspects of our business strategy include:
| ● | Expanding<br> sales and distribution for our products into the food industry with a focus on a dual track of food safety market opportunities: |
|---|---|
| ● | Hard Surface Disinfectant - commercializing our current EPA registered PURE Hard Surface disinfectant and sanitizer for<br> use in foodservice operations, food manufacturing and food transportation. |
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| ● | Direct Food Contact - commercializing FDA approved PURE Control as a direct food contact processing aid for fresh produce;<br> commercializing FDA approved PURE Control as a food processing and intervention aid for food processors treating raw poultry<br> in pre and post OLR applications. We are continuing to optimize the application of PURE Control in OLR to attempt to gain<br> USDA approval for use in this stage of poultry processing. Additionally, subject to the results of our focused in-plant validation<br> efforts for our approved produce and poultry solutions, we intend to seek approval to utilize PURE Control as a direct food<br> contact processing aid for raw meats, including beef and pork. |
| ● | Establishing<br> strategic alliances to maximize the commercial potential of our technology platform; |
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| ● | Developing<br> additional proprietary products and applications; and |
| ● | Protecting<br> and enhancing our intellectual property. |
In addition to our current products addressing food safety, we intend to leverage our technology platform through licensing and distribution collaborations in order to develop new products and enter into new markets that could potentially generate multiple sources of revenue.
FinancialOverview
This financial overview provides a general description of our revenue and expenses.
Revenue
We contract manufacture and sell SDC-based products for end use, and as a raw material for manufacturing use. We recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of the promised goods or services to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Any amounts received prior to satisfying revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue.
Costof Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold for product sales includes direct and indirect costs to manufacture products, including materials consumed, manufacturing overhead, shipping costs, salaries, benefits, reserved inventory, and related expenses of operations. Depreciation related to manufacturing is systematically allocated to inventory produced, and expensed through cost of goods sold at the time inventory is sold.
Selling,General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expense consists primarily of salaries and other related costs for personnel in business development, share-based compensation costs, sales, finance, accounting, information technology, and executive functions. Other selling, general and administrative costs include product marketing, advertising, and trade show costs, as well as public relations and investor relations, facility costs, and legal, accounting and other professional fees.
Researchand Development
Our research and development activities are focused on leveraging our technology platform to develop additional proprietary products and applications. Research and development expense consists primarily of personnel and related costs, product registration expenses, and third-party testing. We expense research and development costs as incurred.
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Resultsof Operations
Fluctuationsin Operating Results
Our results of operations have fluctuated significantly from period to period in the past and are likely to continue to do so in the future. We anticipate that our results of operations will be affected for the foreseeable future by several factors that may contribute to these periodic fluctuations, including the demand for our products, the timing and amount of our product sales, and the progress and timing of expenditures related to sales and marketing, as well as product development. Due to these fluctuations, we believe that the period-to-period comparisons of our operating results are not a reliable indication of our future performance.
Comparisonof the Three Months Ended January 31, 2020 and 2019
NetProduct Sales
Net product sales were $349,000 and $394,000 for the three months ended January 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease of $45,000 was primarily attributable to a reduction in sales to one of our distributors.
For the three months ended January 31, 2020, two individual customers accounted for 14% and 10% of our net product sales, respectively. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of our net product sales. All of our net product sales were U.S. based sales.
For the three months ended January 31, 2019, three individual customers accounted for 14%, 10% and 10% of our net product sales. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of our net product sales. All of our net product sales were U.S. based sales.
Costof Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold was $142,000 and $160,000 for the three months ended January 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease of $18,000 was primarily attributable to decreased product sales.
Gross margin as a percentage of net product sales, or gross margin percentage, was 59% for both the three months ended January 31, 2020 and 2019. Overall the gross margin percentage was higher during the current quarter as compared to the prior quarter ended January 31, 2019.
Selling,General and Administrative Expense
Selling, general and administrative expense was $810,000 and $1,459,000 for the three months ended January 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease of $649,000 was primarily attributable to decreased personnel costs, as well as, decreased business development, marketing, board fees and share-based compensation.
Share-based compensation expense, included in selling, general and administrative expense, was $89,000 and $457,000 for the three months ended January 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease of $368,000 is primarily due to the prior year vesting of stock options and restricted stock units granted to employees, directors and consultants supporting our selling, general and administrative functions.
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Researchand Development Expense
Research and development expense was $60,000 and $67,000 for the three months ended January 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease of $7,000 was primarily attributable to reduced spending on research supporting our FDA approvals.
Comparisonof the Six Months Ended January 31, 2020 and 2019
NetProduct Sales
Net product sales were $747,000 and $984,000 for the six months ended January 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease of $237,000 was primarily attributable to a reduction in sales to one of our distributors, and a reduction in sales of our raw material ingredient, SILVÉRION^®^.
For the six months ended January 31, 2020, two individual customers accounted for 17% and 10% of our net product sales, respectively. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of our net product sales. All of our net product sales were U.S. based sales.
For the six months ended January 31, 2019, two individual customers accounted for 16% and 12% of our net product sales, respectively. No other individual customer accounted for 10% or more of our net product sales. All of our net product sales were U.S. based sales.
Costof Goods Sold
Cost of goods sold was $298,000 and $363,000 for the six months ended January 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease of $65,000 was primarily attributable to decreased product sales.
Gross margin as a percentage of net product sales, or gross margin percentage, was 60% and 63% for the six months ended January 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease in gross margin percentage was primarily attributable to the sale of lower margin formulations and packaging configurations of our products during the six months ended January 31, 2020, as compared with the prior period.
Selling,General and Administrative Expense
Selling, general and administrative expense was $2,100,000 and $4,312,000 for the six months ended January 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease of $2,212,000 was primarily attributable to decreased personnel costs, as well as, decreased business development, marketing, board fees and share-based compensation.
Share-based compensation expense, included in selling, general and administrative expense, was $547,000 and $2,201,000 for the six months ended January 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease of $1,654,000 is primarily due to the prior year accelerated vesting of stock options and restricted stock units held by Dave Pfanzelter, the former Chairman of our Board (See Note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).
Researchand Development Expense
Research and development expense was $142,000 and $164,000 for the six months ended January 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The decrease of $22,000 was primarily attributable to reduced spending on research supporting our FDA approvals.
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Liquidityand Capital Resources
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the settlement of liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. As reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, during the six months ended January 31, 2020, we incurred a net loss of $1,791,000 and used cash in operations of $958,000. These factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date of the financial statements being issued. Our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon our ability to raise additional funds and implement the Company’s business plan. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might be necessary if we are unable to continue as a going concern. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm, in its report on the Company’s July 31, 2019 financial statements, has raised substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.
Since our inception, we have financed our operations primarily through public and private offerings of securities, debt financing, and revenue from product sales and license agreements. We have a history of recurring losses, and as of January 31, 2020 we have incurred a cumulative net loss of $125,269,000.
As of January 31, 2020, we had $321,000 in cash and cash equivalents compared with $473,000 in cash and cash equivalents as of July 31, 2019. The net decrease in cash and cash equivalents was primarily attributable to funds used to run our operations offset by the October 2019 private placement financing. Additionally, as of January 31, 2020, we had $672,000 of current liabilities, including $569,000 in accounts payable, compared with $738,000 of current liabilities, including $553,000 in accounts payable as of July 31, 2019. The net decrease in current liabilities was primarily due to a reduction in wage accruals.
In addition, from time to time we have entered into employment agreements with our executives that, under certain cases, provide for the continuation of salary and certain other benefits if these executives are terminated under specified circumstances. These agreements generally expire upon termination for cause or when we have met our obligations under these agreements. As of January 31, 2020, no events have occurred resulting in the obligation of any such payments.
Our future capital requirements depend on numerous forward-looking factors. These factors may include, but are not limited to, the following: the acceptance of, and demand for, our products; our success and the success of our partners in selling our products; our success and the success of our partners in obtaining regulatory approvals to sell our products; the costs of further developing our existing products and technologies; the extent to which we invest in new product and technology development; and the costs associated with the continued operation, and any future growth, of our business. The outcome of these and other forward-looking factors will substantially affect our liquidity and capital resources.
Until we can generate significant cash from operations, we expect to continue to fund our operations with the proceeds of offerings of our equity and debt securities. However, we cannot assure you that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds from the issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business. Further, any contracts or license arrangements we enter into to raise funds may require us to relinquish our rights to our products or technology, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into any such contracts or license arrangements on acceptable terms, or at all. Having insufficient funds may require us to delay or scale back our marketing, distribution and other commercialization activities or cease our operations altogether.
We do not have any unused credit facilities or other sources of capital available to us at this time. We intend to secure additional working capital through sales of additional debt or equity securities. Our intended financing initiatives are subject to risk, and we cannot provide any assurance about the availability or terms of these or any future financings.
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If we are unable to obtain sufficient capital, it will have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. It could cause us to fail to execute our business plan, fail to take advantage of future opportunities, or fail to respond to competitive pressures or customer requirements. It also may require us to significantly modify our business model and operations to reduce spending to a sustainable level, which may include delaying, scaling back or eliminating some or all of our ongoing and planned investments in corporate infrastructure, research and development projects, regulatory submissions, business development initiatives, and sales and marketing activities, among other investments. If adequate funds are not available when needed, we may be required to reduce or cease operations altogether.
Subsequent to January 31, 2020, we issued a total of 6,896,551 shares of common stock for gross proceeds of $2.0M (See Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q). We believe our available cash, our current efforts to market and sell our products, and our ability to significantly reduce expenses, will provide sufficient cash resources to satisfy our needs over the next 12 months. However, we do not yet have, and we may never have, significant cash inflows from product sales or from other sources of revenue to offset our ongoing and planned investments in, research and development projects, regulatory submissions, business development activities, and sales and marketing, among other investments. Some or all of our ongoing or planned investments may not be successful. In addition, irrespective of our cash resources, we may be contractually or legally obligated to make certain investments which cannot be postponed.
CriticalAccounting Policies and Estimates
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, or GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
In addition, the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report have been prepared and presented on a basis assuming we will continue as a going concern. Until we can generate significant cash from operations, we expect to continue to fund our operations with the proceeds of offerings of our equity and debt securities. However, we cannot assure you that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, financing will be obtained on terms favorable to us or to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds from the issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business. Further, any contracts or license arrangements we enter into to raise funds may require us to relinquish our rights to our products or technology, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into any such contracts or license arrangements on acceptable terms, or at all. Having insufficient funds may require us to delay or scale back our marketing, distribution and other commercialization activities or cease our operations altogether. Our financial statements do not include any adjustment relating to recoverability or classification of recorded assets and classification of recorded liabilities.
We believe the following accounting policies and estimates are critical to aid you in understanding and evaluating our reported financial results.
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RevenueRecognition
Effective August 1, 2018, we adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). Under Topic 606, revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. This principle is applied using the following 5-step process:
| 1. | Identify<br> the contract with the customer |
|---|---|
| 2. | Identify<br> the performance obligations in the contract |
| 3. | Determine<br> the transaction price |
| 4. | Allocate<br> the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract |
| 5. | Recognize<br> revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied |
Under Topic 606, we recognize revenue when we satisfy a performance obligation by transferring control of the promised goods or services to our customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services.
Our technology platform is based on patented stabilized ionic silver, and our initial products contain silver dihydrogen citrate, or SDC. SDC is a broad-spectrum, non-toxic antimicrobial agent, which offers 24-hour residual protection and formulates well with other compounds. We sell various configurations and dilutions of SDC direct to customers and through distributors. We currently offer PURE^®^ Hard Surface as a food contact surface sanitizer and disinfectant to restaurant chains, food processors and food transportation companies. We also offer PURE Control^®^ as a direct food contact processing aid.
Contract terms for unit price, quantity, shipping and payment are governed by sales agreements and purchase orders which we consider to be a customer’s contract in all cases. The unit price is considered the observable stand-alone selling price for the arrangements. Any promotional or sales discounts are applied evenly to the units sold for purposes of calculating standalone selling price.
Product sales generally consist of a single performance obligation that we satisfy at a point in time. We recognize product revenue when the following events have occurred: (a) we have transferred physical possession of the products, (b) we have a present right to payment, (c) the customer has legal title to the products, and (d) the customer bears significant risks and rewards of ownership of the products.
Our direct customer and distributer sales are invoiced based on received purchase orders. Our payment terms on invoiced direct customer and distributor sales range between 30 and 90 days after we satisfy our performance obligation. The majority of our customers are on 30 day payment terms. We currently offer no right of return on invoiced sales and maintain no allowance for sales returns.
Shipping and handling are treated as activities to fulfill promises to customers and any amounts billed to a customer, if applicable, represent revenues earned for the goods provided. Costs related to such shipping and handling billings are classified as cost of sales.
We do not have significant categories of revenue that may impact how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.
VariableConsideration
We record revenue from customers in an amount that reflects the transaction price we expect to be entitled to after transferring control of those goods or services. From time to time, we offer sales promotions on our products such as discounts. Variable consideration is estimated at contract inception only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will not occur.
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Share-BasedCompensation
We grant equity-based awards under share-based compensation plans or stand-alone contracts. We estimate the fair value of share-based payment awards using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. This fair value is then amortized over the requisite service periods of the awards. The Black-Scholes option valuation model requires the input of subjective assumptions, including price volatility of the underlying stock, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield, and expected life of the option. Share-based compensation expense is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, and therefore is reduced by expected forfeitures. Changes in assumptions used under the Black-Scholes option valuation model could materially affect our net loss and net loss per share.
Impairmentof Long-Lived Assets
In accordance with GAAP, if indicators of impairment exist, we assess the recoverability of the affected long-lived assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If impairment is indicated, we measure the amount of such impairment by comparing the carrying value of the asset to the fair value of the asset and we record the impairment as a reduction in the carrying value of the related asset and a charge to operating results. Estimating the undiscounted future cash flows associated with long-lived assets requires judgment, and assumptions could differ materially from actual results. During the three and six months ended January 31, 2020 and 2019, no impairment of long-lived assets was indicated or recorded.
RecentAccounting Pronouncements
See Note 4 to the condensed consolidated financial statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
OffBalance Sheet Arrangements
We do not have any off balance sheet arrangements.
Item3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
As a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act, and as provided in Item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information requested by this Item.
Item4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluationof Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Exchange Act, our management conducted an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Based on the foregoing evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changesin Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
In connection with the evaluation required by Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(d), our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and our Principal Financial Officer, concluded that there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting during the three months ended January 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.
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PARTII – Other Information
Item1. Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we may become involved in various lawsuits and legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business. The impact and outcome of litigation, if any, is subject to inherent uncertainties, and any adverse result in these or other matters may arise from time to time that could harm our business. We are not currently aware of any such legal proceedings or claims to which we or our wholly owned subsidiary is a party or of which any of our property is subject that we believe will have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Item1A. Risk Factors
Inevaluating us and our common stock, we urge you to carefully consider the risks and other information in this Quarterly Reporton Form 10-Q, including the risk factor included below, as well as the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. to Part I of our AnnualReport on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended July 31, 2019, which we filed with the SEC on October 30, 2019 (the “Form10-K”). Other than the risk factor included below, the risks and uncertainties described in “Item 1A — RiskFactors” of our Form 10-K have not materially changed. Any of the risks discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q,including the risk factor included below, or any of the risks disclosed in “Item 1A — Risk Factors” of our Form10-K, as well as additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial, could materiallyand adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition or prospects.
RisksRelated to Our Business and Industry
Asa result of our historical lack of financial liquidity, we do not currently have sufficient working capital to fund our plannedoperations and may not be able to continue as a going concern.
We have a history of recurring losses, and as of January 31, 2020, we have incurred a cumulative net loss of approximately $125 million. As of January 31, 2020, we had $321,000 in cash and cash equivalents and $672,000 in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. During the six months ended January 31, 2020, our cash outflows for operating activities were $958,000. As a result, our existing cash resources are not sufficient to meet our anticipated needs over the next twelve months from the date hereof, and we will need to raise additional capital to continue our operations and to implement our business plan, which capital may not be available on acceptable terms or at all. To help extend our operating window, we have reduced our headcount and limited our research and product development activities. We estimate that the costs to wind-down our operations in an orderly manner will cost approximately $500,000. As a result, we need to secure significant additional capital to continue to fund our operations.
Our capital requirements will depend on many factors, including, among others:
| ● | the market acceptance<br> of, and demand for, our products; |
|---|---|
| ● | the timing and<br> costs of executing our sales and marketing strategies; |
| ● | our ability to<br> successfully complete the in-plant validation trials requested by potential customers and our ability to convert these trials<br> into customer orders for our products; |
| ● | the costs and<br> time required to obtain the necessary regulatory approvals for our products, including the required USDA approval for use<br> of PURE Control in OLR processing of raw poultry; |
| ● | the extent to<br> which we invest in new testing and product development, including in-plant optimization trials; |
| ● | the extent to<br> which our customers continue to place product orders as expected and expand their existing use of our products; |
| ● | the cost and<br> time to satisfy unique customer requirements regarding validation trials or to support the value proposition and benefits<br> of our products; |
| ● | the timing of<br> vendor payments and the collection of receivables, among other factors affecting our working capital; |
| ● | our ability to<br> control the timing and amount of our operating expenses, including the costs to attract and retain personnel with the skills<br> required to implement our business plan; and |
| ● | the costs to<br> file, prosecute and defend our intellectual property rights. |
The above factors, along with our history and near term forecast of incurring net losses and negative operating cash flows, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. If we do not obtain additional capital from external sources, we will not have sufficient working capital to fund our planned operations or be able to continue as a going concern. We cannot assure you that additional financing will be available when needed or that, if available, we can obtain financing on terms favorable to us or to our stockholders. If we raise additional funds from the issuance of equity securities, substantial dilution to our existing stockholders would likely result. If we raise additional funds by incurring debt financing, the terms of the debt may involve significant cash payment obligations as well as covenants and specific financial ratios that may restrict our ability to operate our business. Further, any contracts or license arrangements we enter into to raise funds may require us to relinquish our rights to our products or technology, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to enter into any such contracts or license arrangements on acceptable terms, or at all. Having insufficient funds may require us to delay or scale back our marketing, distribution and other commercialization activities or cease our operations altogether.
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Item2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Reference is made to Part II, Item 5.of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Item3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not Applicable.
Item5. Other Information
On March 9, 2020, we entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with various accredited investors with respect to a private placement financing (the “Private Placement”) and simultaneously completed the closing (the “Closing”) of the Private Placement. We raised net proceeds of approximately $2,000,000 in the Private Placement for an aggregate of 6,896,551 shares of our common stock (the “Shares”) at a purchase price of $0.29 per share. The per share purchase price was approved by our Board of Directors on February 24, 2020 and represents a 20% discount to the closing price of the Company’s common stock on that date. Tom Y. Lee, Dale Okuno and Ivan Chen, each of whom are accredited investors and members of the Company’s Board of Directors, invested $650,500, $450,000 and $52,000, respectively, in the Private Placement. Mr. Lee also serves as the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer.
The net proceeds to us from the Private Placement, after deducting estimated fees and other offering expenses, are expected to be approximately $1,998,000. We expect to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including our research and development efforts, and for general administrative expenses and working capital.
The issuance and sale of the Shares was not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and these Shares may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration under or exemption from the Securities Act and any applicable state securities laws. The Shares were issued and sold in reliance upon an exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act. The Investors represented to the Company that each was an “accredited investor” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D under the Securities Act, and that each was receiving the Shares for investment for its own account and without a view to distribute them.
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Item6. Exhibits
The following Exhibits are filed as part of this report pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K:
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Signatures
Pursuant to the requirement of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| PURE BIOSCIENCE, INC. | ||
|---|---|---|
| Date:<br> March 12, 2020 | By: | /s/ TOM Y. LEE |
| Tom<br> Y. Lee, Chief Executive Officer<br><br> <br>(Principal<br> Executive Officer) | ||
| Date:<br> March 12, 2020 | By: | /s/ MARK S. ELLIOTT |
| Mark<br> S. Elliott, Vice President, Finance | ||
| (Principal<br> Financial and Accounting Officer) |
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Exhibit 10.1
SecuritiesPURCHASE AGREEMENT
This Securities Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is dated as of March 9, 2020, among Pure Bioscience, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), and each purchaser identified on the signature pages hereto (each, including its successors and assigns, a “Purchaser” and collectively the “Purchasers”).
WHEREAS, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, and pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act (as defined below) and Rule 506 promulgated thereunder, the Company desires to issue and sell to each Purchaser, and each Purchaser, severally and not jointly, desires to purchase from the Company, shares of the Company’s Common Stock as more fully described in this Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, IN CONSIDERATION of the mutual covenants contained in this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each Purchaser agree as follows:
ARTICLEI.
DEFINITIONS
1.1 Definitions. In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Agreement, for all purposes of this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth in this Section 1.1:
“Action” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(j).
“Affiliate” means any Person that, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with a Person as such terms are used in and construed under Rule 144 under the Securities Act. With respect to a Purchaser, any investment fund or managed account that is managed on a discretionary basis by the same investment manager as such Purchaser will be deemed to be an Affiliate of such Purchaser.
“Board of Directors” means the board of directors of the Company.
“Business Day” means any day except any Saturday, any Sunday, any day which is a federal legal holiday in the United States or any day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law or other governmental action to close.
“Closing” means the closing of the purchase and sale of the Shares pursuant to Section 2.1.
“Closing Date” means the Trading Day on which all of the Transaction Documents have been executed and delivered by the applicable parties thereto in connection with the Closing, and all conditions precedent to (i) each Purchaser’s obligation to pay the Subscription Amount as to the Closing has been satisfied or waived; and, (ii) the Company’s obligations to deliver the Shares as to the Closing, in each case, have been satisfied or waived.
“Commission” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Common Stock” means the common stock of the Company, $0.01 par value, and any other class of securities into which such securities may hereafter be reclassified or changed.
“Common Stock Equivalents” means any securities of the Company or the Subsidiaries which would entitle the holder thereof to acquire at any time Common Stock, including, without limitation, any debt, preferred stock, rights, options, warrants or other instrument that is at any time convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or otherwise entitles the holder thereof to receive, Common Stock.
“Company” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in the preamble.
“Company Counsel” means Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP with offices located at 3570 Carmel Mountain Rd, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92130.
“Company Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.5.
“Disclosure Schedules” means the Disclosure Schedules of the Company delivered concurrently herewith.
“Evaluation Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(r).
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“GAAP” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).
“Intellectual Property Rights” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(o).
“Legend Removal Date” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.1(c).
“Liens” means a lien, charge, security interest, encumbrance, right of first refusal, preemptive right or other restriction.
“Material Adverse Effect” shall have the meaning assigned to such term in Section 3.1(b).
“Material Permits” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(m).
“Per Share Purchase Price” equals twenty-nine cents ($0.29), subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.
“Person” means an individual or corporation, partnership, trust, incorporated or unincorporated association, joint venture, limited liability company, joint stock company, government (or an agency or subdivision thereof) or other entity of any kind.
“Proceeding” means an action, claim, suit, investigation or proceeding (including, without limitation, an informal investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or threatened.
“Purchaser Party” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 4.4.
“Purchasers” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in the preamble.
“Required Approvals” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(e).
“Rule 144” means Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission having substantially the same effect as such Rule.
“SEC Reports” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Section 3.1(h).
“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
“Shares” means the shares of Common Stock purchased by a Purchaser and issued at a Closing.
“Subscription Amount” means, as to each Purchaser, the aggregate amount to be paid for Shares purchased hereunder as specified below such Purchaser’s name on the signature page of this Agreement and next to the heading “Subscription Amount,” in United States dollars and in immediately available funds.
“Subsidiary” means any subsidiary of the Company as set forth on Schedule 3.1(a), and shall, where applicable, also include any direct or indirect subsidiary of the Company formed or acquired after the date hereof.
“Trading Day” means a day on which the principal Trading Market is open for trading.
“Trading Market” means any of the following markets or exchanges on which the Common Stock is listed or quoted for trading on the date in question: the NYSE AMEX, the Nasdaq Capital Market, the Nasdaq Global Market, the Nasdaq Global Select Market, the New York Stock Exchange, OTC Markets, Inc., or the OTC Bulletin Board (or any successors to any of the foregoing).
“Transaction Documents” means this Agreement and any other documents or agreements executed in connection with the transactions contemplated hereunder.
“Transfer Agent” means Transfer Online, Inc., the current transfer agent of the Company, with a mailing address of 512 SE Salmon St., Portland, OR 97214 and a facsimile number of (503) 227-6874, and any successor transfer agent of the Company.
ARTICLEII.
PURCHASE AND SALE
2.1 Closing. On the Closing Date, the Company shall sell, and the Purchasers participating in the Closing, shall purchase the number of Shares set forth below such Purchaser’s name on the applicable signature page hereto at the Per Share Purchase Price for an aggregate Subscription Amount equal to $2,000,000.
2.2 Deliveries.
(a) On or prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to each Purchaser the following:
(i) this Agreement duly executed by the Company;
(ii) a copy of the irrevocable instructions to the Transfer Agent instructing the Transfer Agent to issue to each Purchaser an amount of Shares equal to such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount divided by the Per Share Purchase Price, to be held in restricted book-entry form on the records of the Transfer Agent (unless a certificate is requested by such Purchaser), registered in the name of such Purchaser as set forth on the signature pages hereto;
(b) On or prior to the Closing Date, each Purchaser shall deliver or cause to be delivered to the Company the following:
(i) this Agreement duly executed by such Purchaser, including the Accredited Investor Questionnaire attached hereto as Annex A; and
(ii) such Purchaser’s Subscription Amount by wire transfer to the account designated by the Company or a certified check.
ARTICLEIII.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
3.1 Representations and Warranties of the Company. Except as set forth in the Disclosure Schedules and in the SEC Reports, which Disclosure Schedules and SEC Reports shall be deemed a part hereof and shall qualify any representation or otherwise made herein to the extent of the disclosure contained in the corresponding section of the Disclosure Schedules or in the SEC Reports, the Company hereby makes the following representations and warranties to each Purchaser as of the date of this Agreement:
(a) Subsidiaries. All of the direct and indirect subsidiaries of the Company are set forth on Schedule 3.1(a). The Company owns, directly or indirectly, all of the capital stock or other equity interests of each Subsidiary free and clear of any Liens, and all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of each Subsidiary are validly issued and are fully paid, non-assessable and free of preemptive and similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities.
(b) Organization and Qualification. The Company and each of the Subsidiaries is an entity duly incorporated or otherwise organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, with the requisite power and authority to own and use its properties and assets and to carry on its business as currently conducted. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is in violation or default of any of the provisions of its respective certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents. Each of the Company and the Subsidiaries is duly qualified to conduct business and is in good standing as a foreign corporation or other entity in each jurisdiction in which the nature of the business conducted or property owned by it makes such qualification necessary, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing, as the case may be, could not have or reasonably be expected to result in: (i) a material adverse effect on the legality, validity or enforceability of any Transaction Document, (ii) a material adverse effect on the results of operations, assets, business or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (iii) a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to perform in any material respect on a timely basis its obligations under any Transaction Document (any of (i), (ii) or (iii), a “Material Adverse Effect”) and no Proceeding has been instituted in any such jurisdiction revoking, limiting or curtailing or seeking to revoke, limit or curtail such power and authority or qualification.
(c) Authorization; Enforcement. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by each of the Transaction Documents and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of each of the Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have been duly authorized by all necessary action on the part of the Company and no further action is required by the Company, the Board of Directors or the Company’s stockholders in connection therewith other than in connection with the Required Approvals. Each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been (or upon delivery will have been) duly executed by the Company and, when delivered in accordance with the terms hereof and thereof, will constitute the valid and binding obligation of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.
(d) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, the issuance and sale of the Shares and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby to which it is a party do not and will not (i) conflict with or violate any provision of the Company’s or any Subsidiary’s certificate or articles of incorporation, bylaws or other organizational or charter documents, or (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event that with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, result in the creation of any Lien upon any of the properties or assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation (with or without notice, lapse of time or both) of, any agreement, credit facility, debt or other instrument (evidencing a Company or Subsidiary debt or otherwise) or other understanding to which the Company or any Subsidiary is a party or by which any property or asset of the Company or any Subsidiary is bound or affected, or (iii) subject to the Required Approvals, conflict with or result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment, injunction, decree or other restriction of any court or governmental authority to which the Company or a Subsidiary is subject (including federal and state securities laws and regulations), or by which any property or asset of the Company or a Subsidiary is bound or affected; except in the case of each of clauses (ii) and (iii), such as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(e) Filings, Consents and Approvals. The Company is not required to obtain any consent, waiver, authorization or order of, give any notice to, or make any filing or registration with, any court or other federal, state, local or other governmental authority or other Person in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of the Transaction Documents, other than: (i) the filing of a Report on Form 8-K describing the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereby, and including the Transaction Documents as exhibits thereto, (ii) application(s) to each applicable Trading Market for the listing of the Shares for trading thereon in the time and manner required thereby, (iii) the filing of Form D with the Commission (iv) such filings as are required to be made under applicable state securities laws and (v) those that have been made or obtained prior to the date of this Agreement (collectively, the “Required Approvals”).
(f) Issuance of the Shares. The Shares are duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the applicable Transaction Documents, will be duly and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, free and clear of all Liens imposed by the Company. The Company has reserved from its duly authorized capital stock the maximum number of shares of Common Stock issuable pursuant to this Agreement.
(g) Capitalization. The capitalization of the Company is as described in the Company’s most recent periodic report filed with the Commission. The Company has not issued any capital stock since its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act, other than pursuant to the exercise of employee stock options under the Company’s stock option plans, the issuance of shares of Common Stock to employees pursuant to the Company’s employee stock purchase plans, pursuant to the conversion and/or exercise of Common Stock Equivalents outstanding as of the date of the most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act and issuances of equity securities for equity compensation purposes, approved by the Board of Directors, in the ordinary course of business or otherwise disclosed by the Company in its SEC Reports. Except as described in the Company’s most recent periodic report filed with the Commission or as a result of the purchase and sale of the Shares, there are no outstanding options, warrants, scrip rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities, rights or obligations convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for, or giving any Person any right to subscribe for or acquire, any shares of Common Stock, or contracts, commitments, understandings or arrangements by which the Company or any Subsidiary is or may become bound to issue additional shares of Common Stock or Common Stock Equivalents, other than issuances of equity securities for equity compensation purposes, approved by the Board of Directors, in the ordinary course of business or otherwise disclosed by the Company in its SEC Reports. The issuance and sale of the Shares will not obligate the Company to issue shares of Common Stock or other securities to any Person (other than the Purchasers) and will not result in a right of any holder of Company securities to adjust the exercise, conversion, exchange or reset price under any of such securities. All of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, have been issued in compliance with all federal and state securities laws, and none of such outstanding shares was issued in violation of any preemptive rights or similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities. No further approval or authorization of any stockholder, the Board of Directors or others is required for the issuance and sale of the Shares. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, there are no stockholders agreements, voting agreements or other similar agreements with respect to the Company’s capital stock to which the Company is a party or, to the knowledge of the Company, between or among any of the Company’s stockholders.
(h) SEC Reports; Financial Statements. The Company has filed all reports, schedules, forms, statements and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, including pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) thereof, for the two years preceding the date hereof (or such shorter period as the Company was required by law or regulation to file such material) (the foregoing materials, including the exhibits thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein, being collectively referred to herein as the “SEC Reports”) on a timely basis or has received a valid extension of such time of filing and has filed any such SEC Reports prior to the expiration of any such extension. As of their respective dates, the SEC Reports complied in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and none of the SEC Reports, when filed, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The Company has never been an issuer subject to, or identified in, Rule 144(i) under the Securities Act. The financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Reports comply in all material respects with applicable accounting requirements and the rules and regulations of the Commission with respect thereto as in effect at the time of filing. Such financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis during the periods involved (“GAAP”), except as may be otherwise specified in such financial statements or the notes thereto and except that unaudited financial statements may not contain all footnotes required by GAAP, and fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated Subsidiaries as of and for the dates thereof and the results of operations and cash flows for the periods then ended, subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal, immaterial, year-end audit adjustments.
(i) Material Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments. Since the date of the latest audited financial statements included within the SEC Reports, except as specifically disclosed in a subsequent SEC Report filed prior to the date hereof, (i) there has been no event, occurrence or development that has had or that could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, (ii) the Company has not incurred any liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than (A) trade payables and accrued expenses incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and (B) liabilities not required to be reflected in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to GAAP or disclosed in filings made with the Commission, (iii) the Company has not altered its method of accounting, (iv) the Company has not declared or made any dividend or distribution of cash or other property to its stockholders or purchased, redeemed or made any agreements to purchase or redeem any shares of its capital stock and (v) the Company has not issued any equity securities to any officer, director or Affiliate, except pursuant to existing Company stock option plans. The Company does not have pending before the Commission any request for confidential treatment of information. Except for the issuance of the Shares contemplated by this Agreement or as set forth on Schedule 3.1(i), no event, liability, fact, circumstance, occurrence or development has occurred or exists or is reasonably expected to occur or exist with respect to the Company or its Subsidiaries or their respective business, prospects, properties, operations, assets or financial condition that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws at the time this representation is made or deemed made that has not been publicly disclosed at least 1 Trading Day prior to the date that this representation is made.
(j) Litigation. There is no action, suit, inquiry, notice of violation, proceeding or investigation pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against or affecting the Company, any Subsidiary or any of their respective properties before or by any court, arbitrator, governmental or administrative agency or regulatory authority (federal, state, county, local or foreign) (collectively, an “Action”) which (i) adversely affects or challenges the legality, validity or enforceability of any of the Transaction Documents or the Shares or (ii) could, if there were an unfavorable decision, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary, nor any director or officer thereof, is or has been the subject of any Action involving a claim of violation of or liability under federal or state securities laws or a claim of breach of fiduciary duty. There has not been, and to the knowledge of the Company, there is not pending or contemplated, any investigation by the Commission involving the Company or any current or former director or officer of the Company. The Commission has not issued any stop order or other order suspending the effectiveness of any registration statement filed by the Company or any Subsidiary under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act.
(k) Labor Relations. No material labor dispute exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is imminent with respect to any of the employees of the Company, which could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. None of the Company’s or its Subsidiaries’ employees is a member of a union that relates to such employee’s relationship with the Company or such Subsidiary, and neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to a collective bargaining agreement, and the Company and its Subsidiaries believe that their relationships with their employees are good. No executive officer, to the knowledge of the Company, is, or is now expected to be, in violation of any material term of any employment contract, confidentiality, disclosure or proprietary information agreement or non-competition agreement, or any other contract or agreement or any restrictive covenant in favor of any third party, and the continued employment of each such executive officer does not subject the Company or any of its Subsidiaries to any liability with respect to any of the foregoing matters. The Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all U.S. federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations relating to employment and employment practices, terms and conditions of employment and wages and hours, except where the failure to be in compliance could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(l) Compliance. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary: (i) is in default under or in violation of (and no event has occurred that has not been waived that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would result in a default by the Company or any Subsidiary under), nor has the Company or any Subsidiary received notice of a claim that it is in default under or that it is in violation of, any indenture, loan or credit agreement or any other agreement or instrument to which it is a party or by which it or any of its properties is bound (whether or not such default or violation has been waived), (ii) is in violation of any judgment, decree or order of any court, arbitrator or governmental body or (iii) is or has been in violation of any statute, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental authority, including without limitation all foreign, federal, state and local laws applicable to its business and all such laws that affect the environment, except in each case as could not have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(m) Regulatory Permits. The Company and the Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports, except where the failure to possess such permits could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect (“Material Permits”), and neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any Material Permit.
(n) Title to Assets. The Company and the Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property owned by them and good and marketable title in all personal property owned by them that is material to the business of the Company and the Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all Liens, except for Liens as do not materially affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and the Subsidiaries and Liens for the payment of federal, state or other taxes, the payment of which is neither delinquent nor subject to penalties. Any real property and facilities held under lease by the Company and the Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases with which the Company and the Subsidiaries are in compliance.
(o) Patents and Trademarks. The Company and the Subsidiaries have, or have rights to use, all patents, patent applications, trademarks, trademark applications, service marks, trade names, trade secrets, inventions, copyrights, licenses and other intellectual property rights and similar rights necessary or material for use in connection with their respective businesses as described in the SEC Reports and which the failure to so have could have a Material Adverse Effect (collectively, the “Intellectual Property Rights”). Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has received a notice (written or otherwise) that any of the Intellectual Property Rights used by the Company or any Subsidiary violates or infringes upon the rights of any Person. To the knowledge of the Company, all such Intellectual Property Rights are enforceable and there is no existing infringement by another Person of any of the Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their intellectual properties, except where failure to do so could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.
(p) Insurance. The Company and the Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks and in such amounts as the Company believes are prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and the Subsidiaries are engaged, including, but not limited to, directors and officers insurance coverage at least equal to the aggregate Subscription Amount. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business without a significant increase in cost.
(q) Transactions With Affiliates and Employees. Except as set forth in the SEC Reports, none of the officers or directors of the Company and, to the knowledge of the Company, none of the employees of the Company is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any Subsidiary (other than for services as employees, officers and directors), that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K promulgated under the Securities Act.
(r) Sarbanes-Oxley; Internal Accounting Controls. The Company is in material compliance with all provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 which are applicable to it as of the Closing Date. The Company and the Subsidiaries maintain a system of internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations, (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability, (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization, and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. The Company has established disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the Company and designed such disclosure controls and procedures to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms. The Company’s certifying officers have evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by the Company’s most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act (such date, the “Evaluation Date”). The Company presented in its most recently filed periodic report under the Exchange Act the conclusions of the certifying officers about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures based on their evaluations as of the Evaluation Date. Since the Evaluation Date, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in the Exchange Act) that has materially affected in an adverse manner, or is reasonably likely to materially affect in an adverse manner, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
(s) Certain Fees. No brokerage or finder’s fees or commissions are or will be payable by the Company to any broker, financial advisor or consultant, finder, placement agent, investment banker, bank or other Person with respect to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. The Purchasers shall have no obligation with respect to any fees or with respect to any claims made by or on behalf of other Persons for fees of a type contemplated in this Section that may be due in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.
(t) Investment Company. The Company is not, and is not an Affiliate of, and immediately after receipt of payment for the Shares, will not be or be an Affiliate of, an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. The Company shall conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become an “investment company” subject to registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
(u) Listing and Maintenance Requirements. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act, and the Company has taken no action designed to, or which to its knowledge is likely to have the effect of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act nor has the Company received any notification that the Commission is contemplating terminating such registration. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, the Company has not, in the 12 months preceding the date hereof, received notice from any Trading Market on which the Common Stock is or has been listed or quoted to the effect that the Company is not in compliance with the listing or maintenance requirements of such Trading Market. Except as disclosed in the SEC Reports, the Company is, and has no reason to believe that it will not in the foreseeable future continue to be, in compliance with all such listing and maintenance requirements. For purposes this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, the delisting from the Trading Market on which the Common Stock is currently listed shall not be deemed to result in a Material Adverse Effect.
(v) Application of Takeover Protections. The Company and the Board of Directors have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render inapplicable any control share acquisition, business combination, poison pill (including any distribution under a rights agreement) or other similar anti-takeover provision under the Company’s certificate of incorporation (or similar charter documents) or the laws of its state of incorporation that is or could become applicable to the Purchasers as a result of the Purchasers and the Company fulfilling their obligations or exercising their rights under the Transaction Documents, including without limitation as a result of the Company’s issuance of the Shares and the Purchasers’ ownership of the Shares.
(w) Disclosure. All of the disclosure furnished by or on behalf of the Company to the Purchasers regarding the Company, its business and the transactions contemplated hereby, including the Disclosure Schedules to this Agreement, is true and correct and does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The press releases disseminated by the Company during the twelve months preceding the date of this Agreement taken as a whole do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made and when made, not misleading. The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Purchaser makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Section 3.2 hereof.
(x) Tax Status. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have or reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, the Company and each Subsidiary has filed all necessary federal, state and foreign income and franchise tax returns and has paid or accrued all taxes shown as due thereon, and the Company has no knowledge of a tax deficiency which has been asserted or threatened against the Company or any Subsidiary.
(y) Foreign Corrupt Practices. Neither the Company, nor to the knowledge of the Company, any agent or other person acting on behalf of the Company, has (i) directly or indirectly, used any funds for unlawful contributions, gifts, entertainment or other unlawful expenses related to foreign or domestic political activity, (ii) made any unlawful payment to foreign or domestic government officials or employees or to any foreign or domestic political parties or campaigns from corporate funds, (iii) failed to disclose fully any contribution made by the Company (or made by any person acting on its behalf of which the Company is aware) which is in violation of law, or (iv) violated in any material respect any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.
(z) Accountants. The Company’s accounting firm is as set forth in the SEC Reports. To the knowledge and belief of the Company, such accounting firm is a registered public accounting firm as required by the Exchange Act.
(aa) Acknowledgment Regarding Purchasers’ Purchase of Shares. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each of the Purchasers is acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby. The Company further acknowledges that no Purchaser is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of the Company (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby and any advice given by any Purchaser or any of their respective representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated thereby is merely incidental to the Purchasers’ purchase of the Shares. The Company further represents to each Purchaser that the Company’s decision to enter into this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent evaluation of the transactions contemplated hereby by the Company and its representatives.
3.2 Representations and Warranties of the Purchasers. Each Purchaser, for itself and for no other Purchaser, hereby represents and warrants as of the execution of this Agreement on date hereof to the Company as follows (unless as of a specific date therein):
(a) Organization; Authority. Such Purchaser is either an individual or an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its organization with full right, corporate or partnership power and authority to enter into and to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and otherwise to carry out its obligations hereunder and thereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and performance by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership, limited liability company or similar action, as applicable, on the part of such Purchaser. Each Transaction Document to which it is a party has been duly executed by such Purchaser, and when delivered by such Purchaser in accordance with the terms hereof, will constitute the valid and legally binding obligation of such Purchaser, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, except: (i) as limited by general equitable principles and applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium and other laws of general application affecting enforcement of creditors’ rights generally, (ii) as limited by laws relating to the availability of specific performance, injunctive relief or other equitable remedies and (iii) insofar as indemnification and contribution provisions may be limited by applicable law.
(b) Own Account. Such Purchaser is acquiring the Shares as principal for its own account and not with a view to or for distributing or reselling such Shares or any part thereof in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law, has no present intention of distributing any of such Shares in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law and has no direct or indirect arrangement or understandings with any other persons to distribute or regarding the distribution of such Shares in violation of the Securities Act or any applicable state securities law (this representation and warranty not limiting such Purchaser’s right to sell the Shares in compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws). Such Purchaser is acquiring the Shares hereunder in the ordinary course of its business.
(c) No Conflicts. The execution, delivery and performance by such Purchaser of this Agreement and the consummation by such Purchaser of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby will not (i) result in a violation of the organizational documents of such Purchaser, (ii) conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which such Purchaser is a party, or (iii) result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including federal and state securities laws) applicable to such Purchaser, except in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for such conflicts, defaults, rights or violations which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the ability of such Purchaser to perform its obligations hereunder.
(d) Purchaser Status. At the time such Purchaser was offered the Shares, it was, and as of the date hereof it is either: (i) an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(5), (a)(6), (a)(7) or (a)(8) under the Securities Act or (ii) a “qualified institutional buyer” as defined in Rule 144A(a) under the Securities Act. Such Purchaser has executed an accredited investor questionnaire in the form attached hereto as Appendix A. Such Purchaser is not required to be registered as a broker-dealer under Section 15 of the Exchange Act.
(e) Experience of Such Purchaser. Such Purchaser, either alone or together with its representatives, has such knowledge, sophistication and experience in business and financial matters so as to be capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the prospective investment in the Shares, and has so evaluated the merits and risks of such investment. Such Purchaser is able to bear the economic risk of an investment in the Shares and, at the present time, is able to afford a complete loss of such investment.
(f) Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Other than consummating the transactions contemplated hereunder, such Purchaser has not, nor has any Person acting on behalf of or pursuant to any understanding with such Purchaser, directly or indirectly executed any purchases or sales of the securities of the Company during the period commencing as of the time that such Purchaser first received a term sheet (written or oral) from the Company or any other Person representing the Company setting forth the material terms of the transactions contemplated hereunder and ending immediately prior to the execution hereof. Other than to other Persons party to this Agreement, such Purchaser has maintained the confidentiality of all disclosures made to it in connection with this transaction (including the existence and terms of this transaction).
(g) Restricted Securities. Such Purchaser understands that the Shares it is purchasing are characterized as “restricted securities” under the federal securities laws inasmuch as they are being acquired from the Company in a transaction not involving a public offering and that under such laws and applicable regulations such Shares may be resold without registration under the Act only in certain limited circumstances. In this connection, such Purchaser represents that it is familiar with Rule 144, as presently in effect, and understands the resale limitations imposed thereby and by the Act. Such Purchaser understands that such Shares have not been and will not be registered under the Act and have not been and will not be registered or qualified in any state in which they are offered, and thus the Purchaser will not be able to resell or otherwise transfer such Shares unless they are registered under the Act and registered or qualified under applicable state securities laws, or an exemption from such registration or qualification is available. Such Purchaser has no immediate need for liquidity in connection with this investment, and does not anticipate that the Purchaser will be required to sell such Shares in the foreseeable future.
(h) Reliance on Exemptions. The Purchaser understands that the Shares are being offered and sold to it in reliance upon specific exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, the Rules and Regulations and state securities laws and that the Company is relying upon the truth and accuracy of, and the Purchaser’s compliance with, the representations, warranties, agreements, acknowledgments and understandings of the Purchaser set forth herein in order to determine the availability of such exemptions and the eligibility of the Purchaser to acquire the Shares.
(i) Residency. The Purchaser is domiciled in the jurisdiction set forth immediately below the Purchaser’s name on the signature pages hereto.
(j) No Governmental Review. Such Purchaser understands that no United States federal or state agency or any other government or governmental agency has passed on or made any recommendation or endorsement of the Shares or the fairness or suitability of the investment in the Shares nor have such authorities passed upon or endorsed the merits of the offering of the Shares.
(k) Regulation M. Such Purchaser’s residence (if an individual) or office in which its investment decision with respect to the Shares was made (if an entity) are located at the address immediately below such Purchaser’s name on its signature page hereto.
The Company acknowledges and agrees that the representations contained in Section 3.2 shall not modify, amend or affect such Purchaser’s right to rely on the Company’s representations and warranties contained in this Agreement or any representations and warranties contained in any other Transaction Document or any other document or instrument executed and/or delivered in connection with this Agreement or the consummation of the transaction contemplated hereby.
ARTICLEIV.
OTHER AGREEMENTS OF THE PARTIES
4.1 Transfer Restrictions.
(a) The Shares may only be disposed of in compliance with state and federal securities laws, including the requirement not to trade in the Shares while in possession of material non-public information. In connection with any transfer of Shares other than pursuant to an effective registration statement, to the Company or to an Affiliate of a Purchaser or in connection with a pledge as contemplated in Section 4.1(b), the Company may require the transferor thereof to provide to the Company an opinion of counsel selected by the transferor and reasonably acceptable to the Company, the form and substance of which opinion shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Company, to the effect that such transfer does not require registration of such transferred Shares under the Securities Act. As a condition of transfer, any such transferee shall agree in writing to be bound by the terms of this Agreement and shall have the rights of a Purchaser under this Agreement.
(b) The Purchasers agree to the imprinting, so long as is required by this Section 4.1, of a legend on any of the Shares in the following form:
THIS SECURITY HAS NOT BEEN REGISTERED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR THE SECURITIES COMMISSION OF ANY STATE IN RELIANCE UPON AN EXEMPTION FROM REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE “SECURITIES ACT”), AND, ACCORDINGLY, MAY NOT BE OFFERED OR SOLD EXCEPT PURSUANT TO AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM, OR IN A TRANSACTION NOT SUBJECT TO, THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS AS EVIDENCED BY A LEGAL OPINION OF COUNSEL TO THE TRANSFEROR TO SUCH EFFECT, THE SUBSTANCE OF WHICH SHALL BE REASONABLY ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPANY. THIS SECURITY MAY BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT WITH A REGISTERED BROKER-DEALER OR OTHER LOAN WITH A FINANCIAL INSTITUTION THAT IS AN “ACCREDITED INVESTOR” AS DEFINED IN RULE 501(a) UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OR OTHER LOAN SECURED BY SUCH SECURITIES.
The Company acknowledges and agrees that a Purchaser may from time to time pledge pursuant to a bona fide margin agreement with a registered broker-dealer or grant a security interest in some or all of the Shares to a financial institution that is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act and who agrees to be bound by the provisions of this Agreement and, if required under the terms of such arrangement, such Purchaser may transfer pledged or secured Shares to the pledgees or secured parties. Such a pledge or transfer would not be subject to approval of the Company and no legal opinion of legal counsel of the pledgee, secured party or pledgor shall be required in connection therewith. Further, no notice shall be required of such pledge. At the appropriate Purchaser’s expense, the Company will execute and deliver such reasonable documentation as a pledgee or secured party of Shares may reasonably request in connection with a pledge or transfer of the Shares.
(c) Certificates evidencing the Shares shall not contain any legend (including the legend set forth in Section 4.1(b)), (i) following any sale of such Shares pursuant to Rule 144, or (ii) if such Shares are eligible for sale under Rule 144, or (iii) if such legend is not required under applicable requirements of the Securities Act (including judicial interpretations and pronouncements issued by the staff of the Commission). The Company shall cause its counsel to issue a legal opinion to the Transfer Agent promptly after the Effective Date if required by the Transfer Agent to effect the removal of the legend hereunder. The Company agrees that at such time as such legend is no longer required under this Section 4.1(c), it will, no later than three Trading Days following the delivery by a Purchaser to the Company or the Transfer Agent of a certificate representing Shares, as the case may be, issued with a restrictive legend (such third Trading Day, the “Legend Removal Date”), deliver or cause to be delivered to such Purchaser a certificate representing such shares that is free from all restrictive and other legends. The Company may not make any notation on its records or give instructions to the Transfer Agent that enlarge the restrictions on transfer set forth in this Section. Certificates for Shares subject to legend removal hereunder shall be transmitted by the Transfer Agent to the Purchasers by crediting the account of the Purchaser’s prime broker with the Depository Trust Company System, if the Transfer Agent is a participant in the DWAC system, and otherwise by physical delivery of certificates as directed by the Purchaser.
(d) Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, agrees that the removal of the restrictive legend from certificates representing Shares as set forth in this Section 4.1 is predicated upon the Company’s reliance that the Purchaser will sell any Shares pursuant to either the registration requirements of the Securities Act, including any applicable prospectus delivery requirements, or an exemption therefrom, and that if Shares are sold pursuant to a registration statement, they will be sold in compliance with the plan of distribution set forth therein.
4.2 Furnishing of Information. For a period of one year after the date of this Agreement, the Company covenants to timely file (or obtain extensions in respect thereof and file within the applicable grace period) all reports required to be filed by the Company after the date hereof pursuant to the Exchange Act. During this one-year period, if the Company is not required to file reports pursuant to the Exchange Act, it will prepare and furnish to the Purchasers and make publicly available in accordance with Rule 144 such information as is required for the Purchasers to sell the Shares under Rule 144. The Company further covenants that it will take such further action as any holder of Shares may reasonably request, to the extent required from time to time to enable such Person to sell such Shares without registration under the Securities Act, including without limitation, within the requirements of the exemption provided by Rule 144.
4.3 Use of Proceeds. The Company shall use the net proceeds from the sale of the Shares hereunder for working capital and other general corporate purposes.
4.4 Indemnification of Purchasers. Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.4, the Company will indemnify and hold each Purchaser and its directors, officers, stockholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls such Purchaser (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, stockholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “Purchaser Party”) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Purchaser Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to (a) any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by the Company in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents or (b) any action instituted against a Purchaser in any capacity, or any of them or their respective Affiliates, by any stockholder of the Company who is not an Affiliate of such Purchaser, with respect to any of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (unless such action is based upon a breach of such Purchaser’s representations, warranties or covenants under the Transaction Documents or any agreements or understandings such Purchaser may have with any such stockholder or any violations by such Purchaser of state or federal securities laws or any conduct by such Purchaser which constitutes fraud, gross negligence, willful misconduct or malfeasance). If any action shall be brought against any Purchaser Party in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to this Agreement, such Purchaser Party shall promptly notify the Company in writing, and the Company shall have the right to assume the defense thereof with counsel of its own choosing reasonably acceptable to the Purchaser Party. Any Purchaser Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Purchaser Party except to the extent that (i) the employment thereof has been specifically authorized by the Company in writing, (ii) the Company has failed after a reasonable period of time to assume such defense and to employ counsel or (iii) in such action there is, in the reasonable opinion of counsel, a material conflict on any material issue between the position of the Company and the position of such Purchaser Party, in which case the Company shall be responsible for the reasonable fees and expenses of no more than one such separate counsel. The Company will not be liable to any Purchaser Party under this Agreement (y) for any settlement by a Purchaser Party effected without the Company’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; or (z) to the extent, but only to the extent that a loss, claim, damage or liability is attributable to any Purchaser Party’s breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by such Purchaser Party in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents.
4.5 Indemnification of Company. Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.5, each Purchaser will severally, but not jointly, indemnify and hold the Company and its directors, officers, stockholders, members, partners, employees and agents (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title), each Person who controls the Company (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act and Section 20 of the Exchange Act), and the directors, officers, stockholders, agents, members, partners or employees (and any other Persons with a functionally equivalent role of a Person holding such titles notwithstanding a lack of such title or any other title) of such controlling persons (each, a “Company Party”) harmless from any and all losses, liabilities, obligations, claims, contingencies, damages, costs and expenses, including all judgments, amounts paid in settlements, court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs of investigation that any such Company Party may suffer or incur as a result of or relating to any breach of any of the representations, warranties, covenants or agreements made by such Purchaser in this Agreement or in the other Transaction Documents.
4.6 Reservation of Common Stock. As of the date hereof, the Company has reserved and the Company shall continue to reserve and keep available at all times, free of preemptive rights, a sufficient number of shares of Common Stock for the purpose of enabling the Company to issue Shares pursuant to this Agreement.
4.7 Listing of Common Stock. The Company hereby agrees to use best efforts to maintain the listing or quotation of the Common Stock on the Trading Market on which it is currently listed, and as soon as reasonably practicable following the Closing (but not later than the earlier of the Effective Date and the first anniversary of the Closing Date) list all of the Shares on such Trading Market, to the extent applicable. The Company further agrees, if the Company applies to have the Common Stock traded on any other Trading Market, it will then include in such application all of the Shares, and will take such other action as is necessary to cause all of the Shares to be listed or quoted on such other Trading Market as promptly as possible. The Company will then take all action reasonably necessary to continue the listing and trading of its Common Stock on a Trading Market and will comply in all respects with the Company’s reporting, filing and other obligations under the bylaws or rules of such Trading Market.
4.8 Equal Treatment of Purchasers. No consideration (including any modification of any Transaction Document) shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of any of the Transaction Documents unless the same consideration is also offered to all of the parties to the Transaction Documents. For clarification purposes, this provision constitutes a separate right granted to each Purchaser by the Company and negotiated separately by each Purchaser, and is intended for the Company to treat the Purchasers as a class and shall not in any way be construed as the Purchasers acting in concert or as a group with respect to the purchase, disposition or voting of Shares or otherwise.
4.9 Certain Transactions and Confidentiality. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that neither it nor any Affiliate acting on its behalf or pursuant to any understanding with it will execute any transactions involving any of the Company’s securities during the period commencing with the execution of this Agreement and ending the first (1^st^) Trading Day ending after such time that the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are first publicly announced by the Company. Each Purchaser, severally and not jointly with the other Purchasers, covenants that until such time as the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are publicly disclosed by the Company, such Purchaser will maintain the confidentiality of the existence and terms of this transaction and the information included in the Disclosure Schedules.
ARTICLEV.
MISCELLANEOUS
5.1 Fees and Expenses. Except as expressly set forth in the Transaction Documents to the contrary, each party shall pay the fees and expenses of its advisers, counsel, accountants and other experts, if any, and all other expenses incurred by such party incident to the negotiation, preparation, execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement. The Company shall pay all Transfer Agent fees, stamp taxes and other taxes and duties levied in connection with the delivery of any Shares to the Purchasers.
5.2 Entire Agreement. The Transaction Documents, together with the exhibits and schedules thereto, contain the entire understanding of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersede all prior agreements and understandings, oral or written, with respect to such matters, which the parties acknowledge have been merged into such documents, exhibits and schedules. At or after the Closing, and without further consideration, the Company and the Purchasers will execute and deliver to the other such further documents as may be reasonably requested in order to give practical effect to the intention of the parties under the Transaction Documents.
5.3 Notices. Any and all notices or other communications or deliveries required or permitted to be provided hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed given and effective on the earliest of: (a) the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number set forth on the signature pages attached hereto prior to 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on a Trading Day, (b) the next Trading Day after the date of transmission, if such notice or communication is delivered via facsimile at the facsimile number set forth on the signature pages attached hereto on a day that is not a Trading Day or later than 5:30 p.m. (New York City time) on any Trading Day, (c) the second (2^nd^) Trading Day following the date of mailing, if sent by U.S. nationally recognized overnight courier service or (d) upon actual receipt by the party to whom such notice is required to be given. The address for such notices and communications shall be as set forth on the signature pages attached hereto.
5.4 Amendments; Waivers. No provision of this Agreement or any other Transaction Document (other than each Non-Disclosure Agreement) may be waived, modified, supplemented or amended except in a written instrument signed by the Company and the Purchasers holding at least a majority in interest of the Shares then outstanding. No waiver of any default with respect to any provision, condition or requirement of this Agreement shall be deemed to be a continuing waiver in the future or a waiver of any subsequent default or a waiver of any other provision, condition or requirement hereof, nor shall any delay or omission of any party to exercise any right hereunder in any manner impair the exercise of any such right.
5.5 Headings. The headings herein are for convenience only, do not constitute a part of this Agreement and shall not be deemed to limit or affect any of the provisions hereof. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent, and no rules of strict construction will be applied against any party. This Agreement shall be construed as if drafted jointly by the parties, and no presumption or burden of proof shall arise favoring or disfavoring any party by virtue of the authorship of any provisions of this Agreement or any of the Transaction Documents.
5.6 Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their successors and permitted assigns. The Company may not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of each Purchaser (other than by merger). Any Purchaser may assign any or all of its rights under this Agreement to any Person to whom such Purchaser assigns or transfers any Shares, provided that such transferee agrees in writing to be bound, with respect to the transferred Shares, by the provisions of the Transaction Documents that apply to the “Purchasers.”
5.7 No Third-Party Beneficiaries. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except as otherwise set forth in Section 4.4 and Section 4.5.
5.8 Governing Law. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of the Transaction Documents shall be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the internal laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law thereof. Each party agrees that all legal proceedings concerning the interpretations, enforcement and defense of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and any other Transaction Documents (whether brought against a party hereto or its respective affiliates, directors, officers, stockholders, employees or agents) shall be commenced exclusively in the state and federal courts sitting in the County of San Diego. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in the County of San Diego, State of California, for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein (including with respect to the enforcement of any of the Transaction Documents), and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is improper or is an inconvenient venue for such proceeding. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof via registered or certified mail or overnight delivery (with evidence of delivery) to such party at the address in effect for notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any other manner permitted by law. If either party shall commence an action or proceeding to enforce any provisions of the Transaction Documents, then, in addition to the obligations of the Company under Section 4.4 and the obligations of a Purchaser under Section 4.5, the prevailing party in such action or proceeding shall be reimbursed by the other party for its reasonable attorneys’ fees and other costs and expenses incurred with the investigation, preparation and prosecution of such action or proceeding.
5.9 Survival. The representations and warranties contained herein shall survive the Closing and the delivery of the Shares.
5.10 Execution. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, all of which when taken together shall be considered one and the same agreement and shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party, it being understood that both parties need not sign the same counterpart. In the event that any signature is delivered by facsimile transmission or by e-mail delivery of a “.pdf” format data file, such signature shall create a valid and binding obligation of the party executing (or on whose behalf such signature is executed) with the same force and effect as if such facsimile or “.pdf” signature page were an original thereof.
5.11 Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.
5.12 Rescission and Withdrawal Right. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in (and without limiting any similar provisions of) any of the other Transaction Documents, whenever any Purchaser exercises a right, election, demand or option under a Transaction Document and the Company does not timely perform its related obligations within the periods therein provided, then such Purchaser may rescind or withdraw, in its sole discretion from time to time upon written notice to the Company, any relevant notice, demand or election in whole or in part without prejudice to its future actions and rights.
5.13 Replacement of Shares. If any certificate or instrument evidencing any Shares is mutilated, lost, stolen or destroyed, the Company shall issue or cause to be issued in exchange and substitution for and upon cancellation thereof (in the case of mutilation), or in lieu of and substitution therefor, a new certificate or instrument, but only upon receipt of evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Company of such loss, theft or destruction and the execution by the holder thereof of a customary lost certificate affidavit of that fact and an agreement to indemnify and hold harmless the Company for any losses in connection therewith. The applicant for a new certificate or instrument under such circumstances shall also pay any reasonable third-party costs (including customary indemnity) associated with the issuance of such replacement Shares. If a replacement certificate or instrument evidencing any Shares is requested due to a mutilation thereof, the Company may require delivery of such mutilated certificate or instrument as a condition precedent to any issuance of a replacement.
5.14 Remedies. In addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or granted by law, including recovery of damages, each of the Purchasers and the Company will be entitled to specific performance under the Transaction Documents. The parties agree that monetary damages may not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of any breach of obligations contained in the Transaction Documents and hereby agree to waive and not to assert in any action for specific performance of any such obligation the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.
5.15 Payment Set Aside. To the extent that the Company makes a payment or payments to any Purchaser pursuant to any Transaction Document or a Purchaser enforces or exercises its rights thereunder, and such payment or payments or the proceeds of such enforcement or exercise or any part thereof are subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside, recovered from, disgorged by or are required to be refunded, repaid or otherwise restored to the Company, a trustee, receiver or any other person under any law (including, without limitation, any bankruptcy law, state or federal law, common law or equitable cause of action), then to the extent of any such restoration the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such enforcement or setoff had not occurred.
5.16 Independent Nature of Purchasers’ Obligations and Rights. The obligations of each Purchaser under any Transaction Document are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Purchaser, and no Purchaser shall be responsible in any way for the performance or non-performance of the obligations of any other Purchaser under any Transaction Document. Nothing contained herein or in any other Transaction Document, and no action taken by any Purchaser pursuant thereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Purchasers as a partnership, an association, a joint venture or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Purchasers are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to such obligations or the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. Each Purchaser shall be entitled to independently protect and enforce its rights including, without limitation, the rights arising out of this Agreement or out of the other Transaction Documents, and it shall not be necessary for any other Purchaser to be joined as an additional party in any proceeding for such purpose. Each Purchaser has been represented by its own separate legal counsel in their review and negotiation of the Transaction Documents. The Company has elected to provide all Purchasers with the same terms and Transaction Documents for the convenience of the Company and not because it was required or requested to do so by any of the Purchasers.
5.17 Saturdays, Sundays, Holidays, etc. If the last or appointed day for the taking of any action or the expiration of any right required or granted herein shall not be a Business Day, then such action may be taken or such right may be exercised on the next succeeding Business Day.
5.18 Construction. The parties agree that each of them and/or their respective counsel has reviewed and had an opportunity to revise the Transaction Documents and, therefore, the normal rule of construction to the effect that any ambiguities are to be resolved against the drafting party shall not be employed in the interpretation of the Transaction Documents or any amendments hereto. In addition, each and every reference to share prices and shares of Common Stock in any Transaction Document shall be subject to adjustment for reverse and forward stock splits, stock dividends, stock combinations and other similar transactions of the Common Stock that occur after the date of this Agreement.
5.19 WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL. IN ANY ACTION, SUIT, OR PROCEEDING IN ANY JURISDICTION BROUGHT BY ANY PARTY AGAINST ANY OTHERPARTY, THE PARTIES EACH KNOWINGLY AND INTENTIONALLY, TO THE GREATEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, HEREBY ABSOLUTELY, UNCONDITIONALLY,IRREVOCABLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES FOREVER TRIAL BY JURY.
5.20 Acknowledgment. Each Purchaser acknowledges that: (a) it has read this Agreement; (b) it has been represented in the preparation, negotiation and execution of this Agreement by legal counsel of its own choice or has voluntarily declined to seek such counsel; and (c) it understands the terms and consequences of this Agreement and is fully aware of the legal and binding effect of this Agreement.
5.21 Adjustments in Common Stock Numbers and Prices. In the event of any stock split, subdivision, dividend or distribution payable in shares of Common Stock (or other securities or rights convertible into, or entitling the holder thereof to receive directly or indirectly shares of Common Stock), combination or other similar recapitalization or event occurring after the date hereof and prior to the Closing, each reference in any Transaction Document to a number of shares or a price per share shall be deemed to be amended to appropriately account for such event .
(SignaturePages Follow)
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.
| Pure Bioscience, Inc. | Address<br> for Notice: | |
|---|---|---|
| 9669<br> Hermosa Avenue | ||
| Rancho<br> Cucamonga, CA 91730 | ||
| Fax:<br> (619) 596-8600 | ||
| By: | ||
| Name: | Tom<br> Y. Lee | |
| Title: | Chief<br> Executive Officer | |
| Dated: | March<br> 9, 2020 |
With a copy to (which shall not constitute notice):
Gunderson Dettmer Stough Villeneuve Franklin & Hachigian, LLP
3570 Carmel Mountain Rd., Suite 200
San Diego, CA 92130
Attention: Jeffrey Thacker, Esq.
Ryan Gunderson, Esq.
Facsimile: (858) 436-8041
E-mail: jthacker@gunder.com
E-mail: ryangunderson@gunder.com
[REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
SIGNATURE PAGE FOR PURCHASER FOLLOWS]
[PURCHASER SIGNATURE PAGES TO SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed by their respective authorized signatories as of the date first indicated above.
Name of Purchaser: _________________________________________________________
Purchase Price Per Share: $0.29
Number of Shares Purchased: ___________________________
Subscription Amount: $________________________________
Signatureof Authorized Signatory of Purchaser: __________________________________
Name of Authorized Signatory: __________________________________
Title of Authorized Signatory: ______________________
Email Address of Authorized Signatory: __________________________________________
Address for Notice of Purchaser:
___________________________________
___________________________________
Address for Delivery of Shares for Purchaser (if not same as address for notice):
___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
DISCLOSURESCHEDULES
Schedule3.1(a) Subsidiaries.
ETIH2O, Inc., a Nevada corporation
Schedule3.1(i) Material Changes; Undisclosed Events, Liabilities or Developments
None
ANNEXA
ACCREDITEDINVESTOR QUESTIONNAIRE
Instructions: Please read the relevant sections of the definition of “accredited investor” attached hereto as Annex A-1 and respond to the question below.
The undersigned hereby represents as follows:
| 1. | Representations<br> as to Accredited Investor Status. I have read the definition of “accredited investor” from Rule 501 of Regulation<br> D attached hereto as Annex A-1, and certify that either (check one): |
|---|
[ ] I am an “accredited investor”; or
[ ] I am not an “accredited investor.”
The foregoing representation is true and accurate as of the date hereof.
| (Print<br> name of Investor) | |
|---|---|
| By: | |
| (Signature) | |
| Name: | |
| Title: | |
| Dated: | ______________________,<br> 2020 |
Annex A-1
Rule501. Definitions and Terms Used in Regulation D.
As used in Regulation D, the following terms have the meaning indicated:
(a) Accredited investor. “Accredited investor” shall mean any person who comes within any of the following categories, or who the issuer reasonably believes comes within any of the following categories, at the time of the sale of the securities to that person:
(1) A bank as defined in section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act, or any savings and loan association or other institution as defined in section 3(a)(5)(A) of the Securities Act whether acting in its individual or fiduciary capacity; any broker or dealer registered pursuant to section 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; any insurance company as defined in section 2(13) of the Securities Act; any investment company registered under the 1940 Act or a business development company as defined in section 2(a)(48) of that Act; any Small Business Investment Company licensed by the U.S. Small Business Administration under section 301(c) or (d) of the Small Business Investment Act of 1958; any plan established and maintained by a state, its political subdivisions, or any agency or instrumentality of a state or its political subdivisions, for the benefit of its employees, if such plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000; any employee benefit plan within the meaning of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 if the investment decision is made by a plan fiduciary, as defined in section 3(21) of such act, which is either a bank, savings and loan association, insurance company, or registered investment adviser, or if the employee benefit plan has total assets in excess of $5,000,000 or, if a self-directed plan, with investment decisions made solely by persons that are accredited investors;
(2) A private business development company as defined in section 202(a)(22) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940;
(3) An organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, corporation, Massachusetts or similar business trust, or partnership, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, with total assets in excess of $5,000,000;
(4) Any director, executive officer, or general partner of the issuer of the securities being offered or sold, or any director, executive officer, or general partner of a general partner of that issuer;
(5) A natural person whose individual net worth, or joint net worth with that person’s spouse, at the time of his purchase exceeds $1,000,000 (excluding the value of the primary residence of such natural person);^1^
(6) A natural person who had an individual income in excess of $200,000 in each of the two most recent years or joint income with that person’s spouse in excess of $300,000 in each of those years and has a reasonable expectation of reaching the same income level in the current year;
(7) A trust, with total assets in excess of $5,000,000, not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, whose purchase is directed by a sophisticated person as described in Rule 506(b)(2)(ii); and
(8) An entity in which all of the equity owners are accredited investors.
| 1 | For<br> purposes of calculating the net worth of a natural person, the amount of any mortgage or other indebtedness secured by such<br> person’s primary residence must be netted against the value of such residence. If the amount of such indebtedness is<br> less than the estimated fair market value of such residence, it need not be considered as a liability deducted from such natural<br> person’s net worth (except that if the amount of indebtedness outstanding at the time of the sale of securities exceeds<br> the amount outstanding 60 days before such time, other than as a result of the acquisition of the primary residence, the amount<br> of such excess shall be included as a liability). If the amount of such indebtedness exceeds the estimated fair market value<br> of such residence, then that excess liability must be deducted from such natural person’s net worth |
|---|
Exhibit31.1
CERTIFICATIONOF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE
SARBANES-OXLEYACT OF 2002
I, Tom Y. Lee, Chief Executive Officer of PURE Bioscience, Inc., certify that:
| 1. | I<br> have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of PURE Bioscience, Inc.; | |
|---|---|---|
| 2. | Based<br> on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary<br> to make the statements made, in light of circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect<br> to the period covered by this report; | |
| 3. | Based<br> on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all<br> material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods<br> presented in this report; | |
| 4. | The<br> registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls<br> and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as<br> defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: | |
| a) | Designed<br> such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,<br> to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to<br> us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; | |
| b) | Designed<br> such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under<br> our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial<br> statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | |
| c) | Evaluated<br> the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions<br> about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based<br> on such evaluation; and | |
| d) | Disclosed<br> in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s<br> most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially<br> affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting;<br> and | |
| 5. | The<br> registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control<br> over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors<br> (or persons performing the equivalent functions): | |
| (a) | All<br> significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which<br> are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial<br> information; and | |
| (b) | Any<br> fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s<br> internal control over financial reporting. | |
| Date:<br> March 12, 2020 | By: | /s/ Tom Y. Lee |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tom<br> Y. Lee | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
| (Principal<br> Executive Officer) |
Exhibit31.2
CERTIFICATIONOF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING OFFICER PURSUANT TO
SECTION302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Mark S. Elliott, Vice President, Finance and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer of PURE Bioscience, Inc., certify that:
| 1. | I<br> have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q of PURE Bioscience, Inc.; | |
|---|---|---|
| 2. | Based<br> on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary<br> to make the statements made, in light of circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect<br> to the period covered by this report; | |
| 3. | Based<br> on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all<br> material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods<br> presented in this report; | |
| 4. | The<br> registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls<br> and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as<br> defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: | |
| a) | Designed<br> such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision,<br> to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to<br> us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; | |
| b) | Designed<br> such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under<br> our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial<br> statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | |
| c) | Evaluated<br> the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions<br> about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based<br> on such evaluation; and | |
| d) | Disclosed<br> in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s<br> most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially<br> affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting;<br> and | |
| 5. | The<br> registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control<br> over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors<br> (or persons performing the equivalent functions): | |
| (a) | All<br> significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which<br> are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial<br> information; and | |
| (b) | Any<br> fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s<br> internal control over financial reporting. | |
| Date:<br> March 12, 2020 | By: | /s/ MARK S. ELLIOTT |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mark<br> S. Elliott | ||
| Vice President, Finance | ||
| (Principal<br> Financial and Accounting Officer) |
Exhibit32.1
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANTTO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
ASADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Pure Bioscience, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:
| (i) | the<br> accompanying report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the period ended January 31, 2020, to which this Certificate is attached<br> (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and | |
|---|---|---|
| (ii) | the<br> information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations<br> of the Company. | |
| Date:<br> March 12, 2020 | By: | /s/ Tom Y. Lee |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Tom<br> Y. Lee<br><br> <br>Chief<br> Executive Officer<br><br> <br>(Principal<br> Executive Officer) |
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Pure Bioscience, Inc. and will be retained by Pure Bioscience, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
This certification has not been, and shall not be deemed, “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Pure Bioscience, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.
Exhibit32.2
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANTTO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
ASADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Pursuant to the requirement set forth in Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Pure Bioscience, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies, to such officer’s knowledge, that:
| (i) | the<br> accompanying report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the period ended January 31, 2020, to which this Certificate is attached<br> (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act; and | |
|---|---|---|
| (ii) | the<br> information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations<br> of the Company. | |
| Date:<br> March 12, 2020 | By: | /s/ Mark S. Elliott |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mark<br> S. Elliott<br><br> <br>Vice<br> President, Finance<br><br> <br>(Principal<br> Financial and Accounting Officer) |
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Pure Bioscience, Inc. and will be retained by Pure Bioscience, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
This certification has not been, and shall not be deemed, “filed” with the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Pure Bioscience, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act (whether made before or after the date of the Form 10-Q), irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.