8-K

RENAISSANCERE HOLDINGS LTD (RNR)

8-K 2024-01-30 For: 2024-01-30
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Added on April 05, 2026

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): January 30, 2024

RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Bermuda 001-14428 98-0141974
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) (Commission File Number) (IRS Employer Identification No.)

Renaissance House, 12 Crow Lane, Pembroke, Bermuda         HM 19

(Address of Principal Executive Office)         (Zip Code)

(441) 295-4513

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report).

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter). Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Trading<br>symbol Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares, Par Value $1.00 per share RNR New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a Series F 5.750% Preference Share, Par Value $1.00 per share RNR PRF New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing a 1/1,000th interest in a Series G 4.20% Preference Share, Par Value $1.00 per share RNR PRG New York Stock Exchange

Item 2.02    Results of Operations and Financial Condition.

On January 30, 2024, RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd. (the “Company”) issued a press release announcing its financial results for the fourth quarter and full year ended December 31, 2023 and the availability of its corresponding financial supplement. Copies of the press release and the financial supplement are attached as Exhibit 99.1 and 99.2, respectively, to this Form 8-K. This Form 8-K and Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 hereto are each being furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pursuant to Item 2.02 of Form 8-K and are therefore not to be considered “filed” with the SEC.

Item 9.01    Financial Statements and Exhibits.

(d) Exhibits.

Exhibit #    Description

99.1*    Copy of the Company’s press release, issued January 30, 2024.

99.2*    Copy of the Company’s Financial Supplement.

104    Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document).

* Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2 are being furnished to the SEC pursuant to Item 2.02 and are not being filed with the SEC. Therefore, these exhibits are not incorporated by reference in any of the registrant’s other SEC filings.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

RENAISSANCERE HOLDINGS LTD.
Date: By: /s/ Robert Qutub
January 30, 2024 Robert Qutub
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Document

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RenaissanceRe Reports $1.6 Billion of Quarterly Net Income Available to Common Shareholders and $623.1 Million of Quarterly Operating Income Available to Common Shareholders in Q4 2023.

RenaissanceRe Reports $2.5 Billion of Annual Net Income Available to Common Shareholders and $1.8 Billion of Annual Operating Income Available to Common Shareholders in 2023.

Fourth Quarter 2023 Highlights

•Annualized return on average common equity of 83.5% and annualized operating return on average common equity of 33.0%.

•Combined ratio of 76.0% and adjusted combined ratio of 73.6%.

•Fee income of $70.8 million; up 133.2% from Q4 2022.

•Net investment income of $377.0 million; up 78.5% from Q4 2022.

•Mark-to-market gains of $585.9 million included in net income available to common shareholders.

•Income tax benefit of $554.2 million primarily related to the enactment of the Bermuda corporate income tax.

Full Year 2023 Highlights

•Return on average common equity of 40.5% and operating return on average common equity of 29.3%.

•57.9% growth in book value per share and 47.6% growth in tangible book value per share plus change in accumulated dividends.

•Strong performance across Three Drivers of Profit; underwriting income of $1.6 billion, net investment income of $1.2 billion, and fee income of $236.8 million.

•Combined ratio of 77.9% and adjusted combined ratio of 77.1%.

•Raised $1.2 billion of third-party capital in the Capital Partners unit, with a further $494.8 million raised from third-party investors effective January 1, 2024.

Pembroke, Bermuda, January 30, 2024 - RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd. (NYSE: RNR) (“RenaissanceRe” or the “Company”) today announced its financial results for the fourth quarter and full year 2023.

Fourth Quarter 2023

Net Income Available to Common Shareholders per Diluted Common Share: 30.43Operating Income Available to Common Shareholders per Diluted Common Share*: 11.77
Underwriting Income541.0M Net Investment Income<br><br>$377.0M
Change in Book Value per Common Share: 23.6%Change in Tangible Book Value per Common Share Plus Change in Accum. Dividends*: 11.6%

All values are in US Dollars.

*Operating Return on Average Common Equity, Operating Income (Loss) Available (Attributable) to Common Shareholders, Operating Income (Loss) Available (Attributable) to Common Shareholders per Diluted Common Share, Change in Tangible Book Value per Common Share Plus Change in Accumulated Dividends and Adjusted Combined Ratio are non-GAAP financial measures; see “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

| Kevin J. O’Donnell, President and Chief Executive Officer, said, “We finished a strong year with an exceptional quarter, reporting an annualized operating return on average common equity of 33%. We begin 2024 stronger than ever. The Validus acquisition and integration has exceeded our expectations and positions us to continue delivering exceptional shareholder value. At the January 1 renewal we were successful in retaining our combined portfolio at favorable terms. Our underwriting portfolio is now larger, more diverse, and more efficient with great rate adequacy, providing the platform for continuing strong performance across our Three Drivers of Profit.” | | --- || Consolidated Financial Results - Fourth Quarter | | --- || Consolidated Highlights | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | Three months ended December 31, | | | | | | | (in thousands, except per share amounts and percentages) | 2023 | | | 2022 | | | | Gross premiums written | $ | 1,802,041 | | $ | 1,585,276 | | | Net premiums written | 1,587,047 | | | 1,345,616 | | | | Underwriting income (loss) | 540,970 | | | 316,302 | | | | Combined ratio | 76.0 | | % | 80.5 | | % | | Adjusted combined ratio (1) | 73.6 | | % | 80.6 | | % | | Net Income (Loss) | | | | | | | | Available (attributable) to common shareholders | 1,576,682 | | | 448,092 | | | | Available (attributable) to common shareholders per diluted common share | $ | 30.43 | | $ | 10.27 | | | Operating Income (Loss) (1) | | | | | | | | Available (attributable) to common shareholders | 623,110 | | | 322,135 | | | | Available (attributable) to common shareholders per diluted common share | $ | 11.77 | | $ | 7.33 | | | Book value per common share | $ | 165.20 | | $ | 104.65 | | | Change in book value per share | 23.6 | | % | 10.7 | | % | | Tangible book value per common share plus accumulated dividends (1) | $ | 168.39 | | $ | 122.15 | | | Change in book value per common share plus change in accumulated dividends | 23.9% | | | 11.1% | | | | Change in tangible book value per common share plus change in accumulated dividends (1) | 11.6% | | | 12.0% | | | | Return on average common equity - annualized | 83.5% | | | 41.2% | | | | Operating return on average common equity - annualized (1) | 33.0% | | | 29.6% | | |

(1)See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

Acquisition of Validus

On November 1, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition (the “Validus Acquisition”) of Validus Holdings, Ltd. (“Validus Holdings”), Validus Specialty, LLC (“Validus Specialty”) and the renewal rights, records and customer relationships of the assumed treaty reinsurance business of Talbot Underwriting Limited from subsidiaries of American International Group, Inc., Validus Holdings, Validus Specialty, and their respective subsidiaries collectively are referred to herein as “Validus.”

The operating activities of Validus from the acquisition date, November 1, 2023, through December 31, 2023 are included in the Company's consolidated statements of operations for the three months and year ended December 31, 2023. As such, the results of operations for the three months and year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the three months and year ended December 31, 2022, should be viewed in that context. In addition, the results of operations for three months and year ended December 31, 2023 may not be reflective of the ongoing business of the combined entities. At December 31, 2023, the Company’s consolidated balance sheet reflects the combined entities.

Three Drivers of Profit: Underwriting, Fee and Investment Income - Fourth Quarter

Underwriting Results - Property Segment: Combined ratio of 43.1%; Underwriting income of $503.6 million

Property Segment
Three months ended December 31, Q/Q Change
(in thousands, except percentages) 2023 2022
Gross premiums written $ 344,597 $ 372,082 (7.4)%
Net premiums written 357,953 372,998 (4.0)%
Underwriting income (loss) 503,606 257,225
Underwriting Ratios
Net claims and claim expense ratio - current accident year 31.2 % 53.8 % (22.6) pts
Net claims and claim expense ratio - prior accident years (17.2) % (18.9) % 1.7 pts
Net claims and claim expense ratio - calendar year 14.0 % 34.9 % (20.9) pts
Underwriting expense ratio 29.1 % 27.7 % 1.4 pts
Combined ratio 43.1 % 62.6 % (19.5) pts
Adjusted combined ratio (1) 41.7 % 62.2 % (20.5) pts

(1)See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

•Gross premiums written decreased by $27.5 million, or 7.4%, driven by:

–an $86.6 million decrease in other property. The decrease in other property was primarily due to the non-renewal of certain catastrophe exposed quota share programs that did not meet the Company’s return hurdles, partially offset by an increase related to Validus.

–a $59.1 million increase in catastrophe, driven by a $41.8 million increase in gross reinstatement premiums in the fourth quarter of 2023.

•Net premiums written decreased by $15.0 million, or 4.0%, driven by the reduction of gross premiums written discussed above, partially offset by an adjustment that reduced ceded premium written in the fourth quarter of 2023.

•Combined ratio improved by 19.5 percentage points, and adjusted combined ratio, which removes the impact of acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments, improved by 20.5 percentage points, each primarily due to a lower level of current accident year net losses.

•Net claims and claim expense ratio - current accident year improved by 22.6 percentage points due to a lower impact from the 2023 Large Loss Events in the fourth quarter of 2023 compared to the impact from the weather-related large losses in the fourth quarter of 2022.

•Net claims and claim expense ratio - prior accident years reflects net favorable development in the fourth quarter of 2023, primarily from weather-related large losses across the 2017 to 2022 accident years, driven by better than expected loss emergence.

•Underwriting expense ratio increased 1.4 percentage points, primarily due to:

–a 2.5 percentage point increase in the operating expense ratio, due in part to higher performance based compensation expense in the fourth quarter of 2023; partially offset by

–a 1.1 percentage point decrease in the acquisition expense ratio, driven by changes in the mix of business as a result of continued relative growth in catastrophe, which has a lower acquisition expense ratio than other property, partially offset by the increase in acquisition expenses from purchase accounting adjustments relating to the Validus acquisition.

Underwriting Results - Casualty and Specialty Segment: Combined ratio of 97.3% and Adjusted combined ratio of 94.3%; Underwriting income of $37.4 million

Casualty and Specialty Segment
Three months ended December 31, Q/Q Change
(in thousands, except percentages) 2023 2022
Gross premiums written $ 1,457,444 $ 1,213,194 20.1%
Net premiums written 1,229,094 972,618 26.4%
Underwriting income (loss) 37,364 59,077
Underwriting Ratios
Net claims and claim expense ratio - current accident year 63.0 % 64.9 % (1.9) pts
Net claims and claim expense ratio - prior accident years (0.3) % (2.7) % 2.4 pts
Net claims and claim expense ratio - calendar year 62.7 % 62.2 % 0.5 pts
Underwriting expense ratio 34.6 % 31.5 % 3.1 pts
Combined ratio 97.3 % 93.7 % 3.6 pts
Adjusted combined ratio (1) 94.3 % 94.0 % 0.3 pts

(1)See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

•Gross premiums written increased by $244.3 million, or 20.1%, driven by:

–premium growth in the other specialty line of business of $189.4 million and the general casualty line of business of $175.4 million, primarily from Validus; partially offset by

–a decrease of $109.3 million in the professional liability line of business, reflecting proactive cycle management.

•Net premiums written increased 26.4%, consistent with the drivers discussed in gross premiums written above, in addition to an overall reduction in our retrocessional purchases.

•Combined ratio increased by 3.6 percentage points, and adjusted combined ratio, which removes the impact of acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments, increased by 0.3 percentage points.

•Net claims and claim expense ratio - current accident year decreased by 1.9 percentage points. The current accident year net claims and claim expense ratio in the fourth quarter of 2022 was higher due to a large energy loss in the other specialty lines of business.

•Net claims and claim expense ratio - prior accident years reflects net favorable development driven by reported losses generally coming in lower than expected on attritional net claims and claim expenses from the other specialty and credit lines of business, partially offset by the impact of acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments.

•Underwriting expense ratio increased 3.1 percentage points, which consisted of:

–a 1.9 percentage point increase in the acquisition expense ratio primarily due to the impact of the purchase accounting adjustments relating to the Validus Acquisition; and

–a 1.2 percentage point increase in the operating expense ratio, mainly due to a higher performance-based compensation expense as compared to the fourth quarter of 2022.

Fee Income: $70.8 million of fee income, up 133.2% from Q4 2022; increase in both management and performance fees

Fee Income
Three months ended December 31, Q/Q Change
(in thousands) 2023 2022
Total management fee income $ 47,769 $ 25,984 $ 21,785
Total performance fee income (loss) (1) 23,014 4,363 18,651
Total fee income $ 70,783 $ 30,347 $ 40,436

(1)Performance fees are based on the performance of the individual vehicles or products, and may be negative in a particular period if, for example, large losses occur, which can potentially result in no performance fees or the reversal of previously accrued performance fees.

•Management fee income increased $21.8 million, reflecting:

–growth in the Company’s joint ventures and managed funds, specifically DaVinciRe Holdings Ltd. (“DaVinci”), Fontana Holdings L.P. (“Fontana”), Vermeer Reinsurance Ltd. (“Vermeer”) and RenaissanceRe Medici Fund Ltd. (“Medici”).

–the recording of management fees in DaVinci that were previously deferred as a result of the weather-related large losses experienced in prior years, as compared to the deferral of management fees in the fourth quarter of 2022 due to weather-related large losses.

•Performance fee income increased $18.7 million, driven by improved current year underwriting results, primarily in DaVinci.

Investment Results: Total investment result improved $583.5 million; net investment income growth of 78.5%

Investment Results
Three months ended December 31, Q/Q Change
(in thousands, except percentages) 2023 2022
Net investment income $ 376,962 $ 211,237 $ 165,725
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 585,939 168,139 417,800
Total investment result $ 962,901 $ 379,376 $ 583,525
Net investment income return - annualized 5.7 % 4.1 % 1.6 pts
Total investment return - annualized 15.2 % 7.4 % 7.8 pts

•Net investment income increased $165.7 million, primarily driven by a combination of higher yielding assets in the fixed maturity and short term portfolios, and higher average invested assets partially resulting from the Validus Acquisition.

•Net realized and unrealized gains on investments increased $417.8 million, principally driven by:

–Net realized and unrealized gains on fixed maturity investments trading of $578.1 million, primarily driven by decreases in interest rates, compared to net realized and unrealized gains of $77.1 million in the fourth quarter of 2022 due to modest reductions in interest rates during the period;

–Net realized and unrealized gains on equity investments of $11.2 million, compared to net realized and unrealized gains of $59.6 million in the fourth quarter of 2022, following a reduction in the size of the equity investments portfolio during 2023; and

–Net realized and unrealized losses on investment-related derivatives of $46.0 million, compared to net realized and unrealized losses of $3.3 million in the fourth quarter of 2022. The current quarter losses were primarily driven by the negative impact of tightening credit spreads on credit default swaps that the Company uses to hedge credit risk.

•Total investments grew to $29.2 billion at December 31, 2023, from $22.2 billion at December 31, 2022, primarily driven by the integration of $4.9 billion of investments as part of the Validus Acquisition. Weighted average yield to maturity and duration on the Company’s investment portfolio (excluding investments that have no final maturity, yield to maturity or duration) was 5.8% and 2.6 years (2022 - 5.7% and 2.5 years, respectively).

Other Items of Note - Fourth Quarter

•Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests of $403.0 million was primarily driven by:

–strong underwriting results in DaVinci and Vermeer;

–strong net investment income driven by higher interest rates and higher yielding assets within the investment portfolios of the Company’s joint ventures and managed funds; and

–net realized and unrealized gains on the investment portfolios of the Company’s joint ventures and managed funds, driven by decreases in interest rates, as described above.

•Raised third-party capital of $193.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2023, primarily in Medici, Fontana and Upsilon RFO Re Ltd. (“Upsilon RFO”).

•Returned third-party capital of $364.5 million during the fourth quarter of 2023, including the return of $300.3 million from RenaissanceRe Upsilon Diversified Fund, a segregated account of Upsilon Fund (“Upsilon Diversified Fund”), as a result of the release of collateral associated with prior underwriting years contracts.

•Corporate expenses increased by $62.7 million, primarily driven by expenses incurred in support of integration planning activities associated with the Validus Acquisition.

•On December 27, 2023, the Government of Bermuda enacted the Corporate Income Tax Act 2023, which will apply a 15% corporate income tax to certain Bermuda businesses in fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2025. The act includes a provision referred to as the economic transition adjustment, which is intended to provide a fair and equitable transition into the tax regime, and results in a deferred tax benefit for the Company. The act will also require the Company to reverse certain transaction related purchase accounting adjustments in determining its taxable income, which results in a deferred tax expense. Pursuant to this legislation, the Company recorded a $593.8 million net deferred tax asset in the fourth quarter of 2023, expected to be utilized predominantly over a 10-year period. The Company expects to incur and pay increased taxes in Bermuda beginning in 2025.

•    Income tax benefit of $554.2 million compared to an expense of $5.4 million in the fourth quarter of 2022. The increase in income tax benefit was primarily driven by the net deferred tax benefit discussed above, partially offset by increased income tax expense in the Company’s other operating jurisdictions as a result of higher operating income and investment gains.

| Consolidated Financial Results - Full Year | | --- || Consolidated Highlights | | | | | | | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | Year ended December 31, | | | | | | | (in thousands, except per share amounts and percentages) | 2023 | | | 2022 | | | | Gross premiums written | $ | 8,862,366 | | $ | 9,213,540 | | | Net premiums written | 7,467,813 | | | 7,196,160 | | | | Underwriting income (loss) | 1,647,408 | | | 149,852 | | | | Combined ratio | 77.9 | | % | 97.7 | | % | | Adjusted combined ratio (1) | 77.1 | | % | 97.5 | | % | | Net Income (Loss) | | | | | | | | Available (attributable) to common shareholders | $ | 2,525,757 | | $ | (1,096,578) | | | Available (attributable) to common shareholders per diluted common share | $ | 52.27 | | $ | (25.50) | | | Operating Income (Loss) (1) | | | | | | | | Available (attributable) to common shareholders | $ | 1,824,910 | | $ | 322,791 | | | Available (attributable) to common shareholders per diluted common share | $ | 37.54 | | $ | 7.47 | | | Book value per common share | $ | 165.20 | | $ | 104.65 | | | Change in book value per share | 57.9 | | % | (20.8) | | % | | Tangible book value per common share plus accumulated dividends (1) | $ | 168.39 | | $ | 122.15 | | | Change in book value per common share plus change in accumulated dividends | 57.9 | | % | (20.8) | | % | | Change in tangible book value per common share plus change in accumulated dividends (1) | 47.6 | | % | (20.8) | | % | | Return on average common equity | 40.5 | | % | (22.0) | | % | | Operating return on average common equity (1) | 29.3 | | % | 6.4 | | % |

(1)See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

Net negative impact of the 2023 Large Loss Events

Net negative impact on underwriting result includes the sum of (1) net claims and claim expenses incurred, (2) assumed and ceded reinstatement premiums earned and (3) earned and lost profit commissions. Net negative impact on net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders is the sum of (1) net negative impact on underwriting result and (2) redeemable noncontrolling interest, both before consideration of any related income tax benefit (expense).

The Company’s estimates of net negative impact are based on a review of the Company’s potential exposures, preliminary discussions with certain counterparties and actuarial modeling techniques. The Company’s actual net negative impact, both individually and in the aggregate, may vary from these estimates, perhaps materially. Changes in these estimates will be recorded in the period in which they occur.

Meaningful uncertainty remains regarding the estimates and the nature and extent of the losses from these catastrophe events, driven by the magnitude and recent nature of each event, the geographic areas impacted by the events, relatively limited claims data received to date, the contingent nature of business interruption and other exposures, potential uncertainties relating to reinsurance recoveries and other factors inherent in loss estimation, among other things.

Net negative impact on the consolidated financial statements

Year ended December 31, 2023 2023 Large Loss Events (1)
(in thousands)
Net claims and claims expenses incurred $ (354,228)
Assumed reinstatement premiums earned 46,534
Ceded reinstatement premiums earned (62)
Earned (lost) profit commissions 9,130
Net negative impact on underwriting result (298,626)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest 85,276
Net negative impact on net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ (213,350)

Net negative impact on the segment underwriting results and consolidated combined ratio

Year ended December 31, 2023 2023 Large Loss Events (1)
(in thousands, except percentages)
Net negative impact on Property segment underwriting result $ (298,119)
Net negative impact on Casualty and Specialty segment underwriting result (507)
Net negative impact on underwriting result $ (298,626)
Percentage point impact on consolidated combined ratio 4.1

(1)“2023 Large Loss Events” includes:(1) Hurricane Otis and Storm Ciaran in October and November 2023 (“Q4 2023 Large Loss Events); (2) the wildfires in Hawaii in August 2023 and Hurricane Idalia (“Q3 2023 Large Loss Events”); (3) a series of large, severe weather events in Texas and other southern and central U.S. states in June 2023 (“Q2 2023 Large Loss Events”); (4) the earthquakes in southern and central Turkey in February 2023, Cyclone Gabrielle, the flooding in northern New Zealand in January and February 2023, and various wind and thunderstorm events in both the Southern and Midwest U.S. during March 2023 (“Q1 2023 Large Loss Events”); and (5) certain aggregate loss contracts triggered during 2023.

Three Drivers of Profit: Underwriting, Fee, and Investment Income - Full Year

Underwriting Results - Property Segment: Combined ratio of 53.4%; 10.5 percentage points from the 2023 Large Loss Events.

Property Segment
Year ended December 31, Y/Y Change
(in thousands, except percentages) 2023 2022
Gross premiums written $ 3,562,414 $ 3,734,241 (4.6)%
Net premiums written 2,967,309 2,847,659 4.2%
Underwriting income (loss) 1,439,327 (16,109)
Underwriting Ratios
Net claims and claim expense ratio - current accident year 39.1 % 81.2 % (42.1) pts
Net claims and claim expense ratio - prior accident years (13.2) % (7.4) % (5.8) pts
Net claims and claim expense ratio - calendar year 25.9 % 73.8 % (47.9) pts
Underwriting expense ratio 27.5 % 26.8 % 0.7 pts
Combined ratio 53.4 % 100.6 % (47.2) pts
Adjusted combined ratio (1) 52.9 % 100.4 % (47.5) pts

(1)See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

•Gross premiums written decreased $171.8 million, or 4.6%, driven by:

–a decrease in other property of $241.4 million, or 14.6%, principally due to the non-renewal of certain catastrophe exposed quota share programs that did not meet the Company’s return hurdles; partially offset by

–an increase in catastrophe gross premiums written of $69.6 million, or 3.3%, driven by an increase of $552.8 million in gross premiums written as a result of rate improvements during the year, largely offset by a decrease of $268.4 million in gross premiums written due to the non-renewal of deals written in Upsilon RFO, and a decrease of $214.8 million in gross reinstatement premiums.

•Ceded premiums written were $595.1 million, a decrease of $291.5 million, or 32.9%. This decrease was primarily driven by:

–a reduction in ceded reinstatement premiums of $75.5 million, as well as a reduction of $237.4 million in premiums ceded to Upsilon RFO following a reduction in the size of Upsilon Diversified; partially offset by

–an increase in overall ceded premiums written due to higher levels of retrocessional purchases by the Company.

•Net premiums written increased $119.7 million, or 4.2%, driven by rate improvements on deals written in catastrophe as noted above, partially offset by a decrease in net reinstatement premiums of $160.2 million as well as a reduction in other property principally due to the non-renewal of certain catastrophe exposed quota share programs that did not meet the Company’s return hurdles.

•Combined Ratio improved by 47.2 percentage points, and adjusted combined ratio, which removes the impact of acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments, improved by 47.5 percentage points, each driven by higher net earned premium, lower current accident year losses, and higher prior year favorable development.

•Net claims and claim expense ratio - current accident year improved by 42.1 percentage points, primarily as a result of a lower impact from the 2023 Large Loss Events in 2023 compared to the impact from the weather-related large losses in 2022.

–2023 Large Loss Events contributed 11.0 percentage points to the current accident year net claims and claim expense ratio, while weather-related large losses contributed 48.0 percentage points in 2022.

•Net claims and claim expense ratio - prior accident years reflected net favorable development in 2023 of 13.2%, primarily from weather-related large losses across the 2017 to 2022 accident years, driven by better than expected loss emergence, as well as favorable development on net attritional losses within other property.

•Underwriting expense ratio increased 0.7 percentage points, driven by a reduced benefit from net reinstatement premiums in 2023 as compared to 2022 due to the lower level of catastrophe losses and correspondingly lower reinstatement premiums.

Casualty and Specialty Segment: Net premiums written increased by 3.5%; Combined ratio of 95.2% and Adjusted combined ratio of 94.2%

Casualty and Specialty Segment
Year ended December 31, Y/Y Change
(in thousands, except percentages) 2023 2022
Gross premiums written $ 5,299,952 $ 5,479,299 (3.3)%
Net premiums written 4,500,504 4,348,501 3.5%
Underwriting income (loss) 208,081 165,961
Underwriting Ratios
Net claims and claim expense ratio - current accident year 64.3 % 65.5 % (1.2) pts
Net claims and claim expense ratio - prior accident years (1.0) % (1.1) % 0.1 pts
Net claims and claim expense ratio - calendar year 63.3 % 64.4 % (1.1) pts
Underwriting expense ratio 31.9 % 30.9 % 1.0 pts
Combined ratio 95.2 % 95.3 % (0.1) pts
Adjusted combined ratio (1) 94.2 % 95.3 % (1.1) pts

(1)See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

•Gross premiums written decreased $179.3 million, or 3.3%, driven by:

–a $292.9 million decrease in the credit class of business, principally due to significant premium growth in 2022 associated with opportunistic deals written in the mortgage book of business, which do not renew annually and earn over several years; and

–a $516.2 million decrease in the professional liability line of business, reflecting proactive cycle management, partially offset by

–a $460.2 million increase in the other specialty class of business, and a $169.5 million increase in the general casualty class of business, which together were significantly impacted by Validus.

–Gross premiums written in 2022 was also impacted by significant positive adjustments to premium estimates for business underwritten in prior years.

•Net premiums written increased 3.5%, primarily driven by an overall reduction in our retrocessional purchases.

•Combined ratio decreased by 0.1 percentage point, and adjusted combined ratio, which removes the impact of acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments, decreased by 1.1 percentage points.

•Net claims and claim expense ratio - current accident year improved by 1.2 percentage points, primarily driven by a change in mix of business towards other specialty lines of business, which carry lower expected attritional loss ratios.

•Underwriting expense ratio increased 1.0 percentage point due to the impact of purchase accounting adjustments related to the Validus Acquisition.

Fee Income: $236.8 million of fee income; up 99.5% from 2022; increase in both management and performance fees

Fee Income
Year ended December 31, Y/Y Change
(in thousands, except percentages) 2023 2022
Total management fee income $ 176,599 $ 108,902 $ 67,697
Total performance fee income (loss) (1) 60,195 9,777 50,418
Total fee income $ 236,794 $ 118,679 $ 118,115

(1)Performance fees are based on the performance of the individual vehicles or products, and may be negative in a particular period if, for example, large losses occur, which can potentially result in no performance fees or the reversal of previously accrued performance fees.

•Management fee income increased by $67.7 million, reflecting growth in the Company’s joint ventures and managed funds, specifically DaVinci, Fontana, Vermeer and Medici, as well as the recording of management fees in DaVinci in 2023 that were deferred in 2022 and 2021 as a result of the weather-related large losses experienced in prior years. The increase was partially offset by a decrease in fees associated with the decrease in capital managed at Upsilon.

•Performance fee income increased $50.4 million, driven by improved current year underwriting results, primarily in DaVinci.

Investment Results: Total investment result improved $2.9 billion; net investment income growth of 123.8%

Investment Results
Year ended December 31, Y/Y Change
(in thousands, except percentages) 2023 2022
Net investment income $ 1,253,110 $ 559,932 $ 693,178
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 414,522 (1,800,485) 2,215,007
Total investment result $ 1,667,632 $ (1,240,553) $ 2,908,185
Net investment income return 5.3 % 2.7 % 2.6 pts
Total investment return 6.9 % (5.7) % 12.6 pts

•Net investment income increased $693.2 million, primarily driven by:

–a combination of higher yielding assets in the fixed maturity and short term portfolios; and

–higher average invested assets resulting from the equity and debt offerings in the second quarter of 2023, as well the Validus Acquisition in the fourth quarter of 2023.

•Net realized and unrealized gains on investments increased $2.2 billion, principally driven by:

–Net realized and unrealized gains on fixed maturity investments trading of $292.1 million in 2023 primarily due to modest interest rate movements through the year, compared to net realized and unrealized losses of $1.4 billion in 2022, primarily due to increasing yields on U.S. treasuries;

–Net realized and unrealized gains on equity investments of $45.8 million in 2023, which was primarily due to a combination of a reduced allocation to equity investments, and a higher equity market price environment, compared to net realized and unrealized losses of

$123.8 million in 2022, which was the result of a generally lower equity market price environment; and

–Net realized and unrealized gains on catastrophe bonds of $101.9 million in 2023, compared to net realized and unrealized losses of $130.3 million in 2022. These catastrophe bonds are primarily held in Medici, the majority of which is owned by third party investors. Both years’ performance also reflected changes in risk spreads in the wider catastrophe bond market.

Other Items of Note - Full Year and Subsequent Events

•Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests of $1.1 billion was primarily driven by:

–strong underwriting results for DaVinci and Vermeer;

–strong net investment income driven by higher interest rates and higher yielding assets within the investment portfolios of the Company’s joint ventures and managed funds; and

–net realized and unrealized gains on the investment portfolios of the Company’s joint ventures and managed funds, driven by decreases in interest rates, as described above.

–net realized and unrealized gains on catastrophe bonds recorded during the year in Medici, as discussed above.

•Income tax benefit of $510.1 million, compared to $59.0 million in 2022. The increase in income tax benefit was primarily driven by the net deferred tax benefit resulting from the recognition of deferred tax assets, net of deferred tax liabilities, in connection with the enactment of the 15% Bermuda corporate income tax on December 27, 2023. This was partially offset by increased income tax expense in the Company’s other operating jurisdictions resulting from higher operating income and investment gains.

•Net foreign exchange losses of $41.5 million in 2023 compared to a loss of $56.9 million in 2022. The net foreign exchange losses for 2023 and 2022 were driven by losses attributable to third-party investors in Medici which are allocated through net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest, and the impact of certain foreign exchange exposures related to our underwriting activities.

•Raised third party capital in 2023 of $1.2 billion through DaVinci ($377.2 million), Medici ($482.1 million), Fontana ($51.3 million), Upsilon ($111.4 million), and NOC1, a separately managed account ($159.9 million).

•Redemptions of third-party capital in 2023 of $1.3 billion, of which $842.8 million was from Upsilon as a result of the release of collateral associated with prior years’ contracts, and the remainder from DaVinci, Vermeer and Medici.

•Raised third party capital of $494.8 million, effective January 1, 2024, including $300.0 million in DaVinci and the remaining in Medici, Fontana and NOC1. Following these transactions, the Company’s ownership in DaVinci, Medici and Fontana was 24.2%, 11.3% and 26.5%, respectively.

Conference Call Details and Additional Information

Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Additional Financial Information

This Press Release includes certain financial measures that are not calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”) including “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders,” “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted,” “operating return on average common equity - annualized,” “tangible book value per common share,” “tangible book value per common share plus accumulated dividends” and “adjusted combined ratio.” A reconciliation of such measures to the most comparable GAAP figures in accordance with Regulation G is presented in the attached supplemental financial data.

Please refer to the “Investors - Financial Reports - Financial Supplements” section of the Company’s website at www.renre.com for a copy of the Financial Supplement which includes additional information on the Company’s financial performance.

Conference Call Information

RenaissanceRe will host a conference call on Wednesday, January 31, 2024 at 11:00 a.m. ET to discuss this release. Live broadcast of the conference call will be available through the “Investors - Webcasts & Presentations” section of the Company’s website at www.renre.com.

About RenaissanceRe

RenaissanceRe is a global provider of reinsurance and insurance that specializes in matching desirable risk with efficient capital. The Company provides property, casualty and specialty reinsurance and certain insurance solutions to customers, principally through intermediaries. Established in 1993, RenaissanceRe has offices in Bermuda, Australia, Canada, Ireland, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Any forward-looking statements made in this Press Release reflect RenaissanceRe’s current views with respect to future events and financial performance and are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The Company may also make forward-looking statements with respect to its business and industry, such as those relating to its strategy and management objectives, plans and expectations regarding its response and ability to adapt to changing economic conditions, market standing and product volumes, estimates of net negative impact and insured losses from loss events, and the Validus Acquisition and its impact on the Company’s business, among other things. These statements are subject to numerous factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those addressed by such forward-looking statements, including the following: the Company’s exposure to natural and non-natural catastrophic events and circumstances and the variance it may cause in the Company’s financial results; the effect of climate change on the Company’s business, including the trend towards increasingly frequent and severe climate events; the effectiveness of the Company’s claims and claim expense reserving process; the effect of emerging claims and coverage issues; the performance of the Company’s investment portfolio and financial market volatility; the effects of inflation; the ability of the Company’s ceding companies and delegated authority counterparties to accurately assess the risks they underwrite; the Company’s ability to maintain its financial strength ratings; the Company’s reliance on a small number of brokers; the highly competitive nature of the Company’s industry; the historically cyclical nature of the (re)insurance industries; collection on claimed retrocessional coverage, and new retrocessional reinsurance being available on acceptable terms or at all; the Company’s ability to attract and retain key executives and employees; the Company’s ability to successfully implement its business strategies and initiatives; difficulties in integrating Validus; the Company’s exposure to credit loss from counterparties; the Company’s need to make many estimates and judgments in the preparation of its financial statements; the Company’s exposure to risks associated with its management of capital on behalf of investors in joint ventures or other entities it manages;

changes to the accounting rules and regulatory systems applicable to the Company’s business, including changes in Bermuda and U.S. laws and regulations; the effect of current or future macroeconomic or geopolitical events or trends, including the ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, and Israel and Hamas; other political, regulatory or industry initiatives adversely impacting the Company; the Company’s ability to comply with covenants in its debt agreements; the effect of adverse economic factors, including changes in prevailing interest rates; the impact of cybersecurity risks, including technology breaches or failure; a contention by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service that any of the Company’s Bermuda subsidiaries are subject to taxation in the U.S.; the effects of new or possible future tax reform legislation and regulations in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, including recent changes in Bermuda tax law; the Company’s ability to determine any impairments taken on its investments; the Company’s ability to raise capital on acceptable terms, including through debt instruments, the capital markets, and third party investments in the Company’s joint ventures and managed fund partners; the Company’s ability to comply with applicable sanctions and foreign corrupt practices laws; the Company’s dependence on capital distributions from its subsidiaries; and other factors affecting future results disclosed in RenaissanceRe’s filings with the SEC, including its Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.

INVESTOR CONTACT:<br><br>RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd.<br><br>Keith McCue<br><br>Senior Vice President, Finance & Investor Relations<br><br>(441) 239-4830 MEDIA CONTACT:<br><br>RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd.<br><br>Hayden Kenny<br><br>Vice President, Investor Relations & Communications<br><br>(441) 239-4946<br><br>or<br><br>Kekst CNC<br><br>Nicholas Capuano<br><br>(917) 842-7859
RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd.
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Summary Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands of United States Dollars, except per share amounts and percentages)
(Unaudited)
Three months ended Year ended
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Revenues
Gross premiums written $ 1,802,041 $ 1,585,276 $ 8,862,366 $ 9,213,540
Net premiums written $ 1,587,047 $ 1,345,616 $ 7,467,813 $ 7,196,160
Decrease (increase) in unearned premiums 662,398 278,544 3,320 (862,171)
Net premiums earned 2,249,445 1,624,160 7,471,133 6,333,989
Net investment income 376,962 211,237 1,253,110 559,932
Net foreign exchange gains (losses) 12,398 10,781 (41,479) (56,909)
Equity in earnings (losses) of other ventures 15,402 8,517 43,474 11,249
Other income (loss) 144 7,686 (6,152) 12,636
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 585,939 168,139 414,522 (1,800,485)
Total revenues 3,240,290 2,030,520 9,134,608 5,060,412
Expenses
Net claims and claim expenses incurred 979,522 822,937 3,573,509 4,338,840
Acquisition expenses 594,487 413,217 1,875,034 1,568,606
Operational expenses 134,466 71,704 375,182 276,691
Corporate expenses 74,285 11,537 127,642 46,775
Interest expense 23,201 12,384 73,181 48,335
Total expenses 1,805,961 1,331,779 6,024,548 6,279,247
Income (loss) before taxes 1,434,329 698,741 3,110,060 (1,218,835)
Income tax benefit (expense) 554,206 (5,408) 510,067 59,019
Net income (loss) 1,988,535 693,333 3,620,127 (1,159,816)
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (403,009) (236,397) (1,058,995) 98,613
Net income (loss) attributable to RenaissanceRe 1,585,526 456,936 2,561,132 (1,061,203)
Dividends on preference shares (8,844) (8,844) (35,375) (35,375)
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ 1,576,682 $ 448,092 $ 2,525,757 $ (1,096,578)
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share – basic $ 30.51 $ 10.30 $ 52.40 $ (25.50)
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share – diluted $ 30.43 $ 10.27 $ 52.27 $ (25.50)
Operating (loss) income (attributable) available to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted (1) $ 11.77 $ 7.33 $ 37.54 $ 7.47
Average shares outstanding - basic 50,937 42,795 47,493 43,040
Average shares outstanding - diluted 51,072 42,914 47,607 43,040
Net claims and claim expense ratio 43.5 % 50.7 % 47.8 % 68.5 %
Underwriting expense ratio 32.5 % 29.8 % 30.1 % 29.2 %
Combined ratio 76.0 % 80.5 % 77.9 % 97.7 %
Return on average common equity - annualized 83.5 % 41.2 % 40.5 % (22.0) %
Operating return on average common equity - annualized (1) 33.0 % 29.6 % 29.3 % 6.4 %

(1)See Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd.
Summary Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands of United States Dollars, except per share amounts)
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Assets
Fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value $ 20,877,108 $ 14,351,402
Short term investments, at fair value 4,604,079 4,669,272
Equity investments, at fair value 106,766 625,058
Other investments, at fair value 3,515,566 2,494,954
Investments in other ventures, under equity method 112,624 79,750
Total investments 29,216,143 22,220,436
Cash and cash equivalents 1,877,518 1,194,339
Premiums receivable 7,280,682 5,139,471
Prepaid reinsurance premiums 924,777 1,021,412
Reinsurance recoverable 5,344,286 4,710,925
Accrued investment income 205,713 121,501
Deferred acquisition costs and value of business acquired 1,751,437 1,171,738
Deferred tax asset 685,040 123,153
Receivable for investments sold 622,197 350,526
Other assets 323,960 261,549
Goodwill and other intangible assets 775,352 237,828
Total assets $ 49,007,105 $ 36,552,878
Liabilities, Noncontrolling Interests and Shareholders’ Equity
Liabilities
Reserve for claims and claim expenses $ 20,486,869 $ 15,892,573
Unearned premiums 6,136,135 4,559,107
Debt 1,958,655 1,170,442
Reinsurance balances payable 3,186,174 3,928,281
Payable for investments purchased 661,611 493,776
Other liabilities 1,021,872 648,036
Total liabilities 33,451,316 26,692,215
Redeemable noncontrolling interests 6,100,831 4,535,389
Shareholders’ Equity
Preference shares 750,000 750,000
Common shares 52,694 43,718
Additional paid-in capital 2,144,459 475,647
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (14,211) (15,462)
Retained earnings 6,522,016 4,071,371
Total shareholders’ equity attributable to RenaissanceRe 9,454,958 5,325,274
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests and shareholders’ equity $ 49,007,105 $ 36,552,878
Book value per common share $ 165.20 $ 104.65
RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd.
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Supplemental Financial Data - Segment Information
(in thousands of United States Dollars, except percentages)
(Unaudited)
Three months ended December 31, 2023
Property Casualty and Specialty Other Total
Gross premiums written $ 344,597 $ 1,457,444 $ $ 1,802,041
Net premiums written $ 357,953 $ 1,229,094 $ $ 1,587,047
Net premiums earned $ 884,321 $ 1,365,124 $ $ 2,249,445
Net claims and claim expenses incurred 123,942 855,580 979,522
Acquisition expenses 170,854 423,633 594,487
Operational expenses 85,919 48,547 134,466
Underwriting income (loss) $ 503,606 $ 37,364 $ 540,970
Net investment income 376,962 376,962
Net foreign exchange gains (losses) 12,398 12,398
Equity in earnings of other ventures 15,402 15,402
Other income (loss) 144 144
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 585,939 585,939
Corporate expenses (74,285) (74,285)
Interest expense (23,201) (23,201)
Income (loss) before taxes and redeemable noncontrolling interests 1,434,329
Income tax benefit (expense) 554,206 554,206
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (403,009) (403,009)
Dividends on preference shares (8,844) (8,844)
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ 1,576,682
Net claims and claim expenses incurred – current accident year $ 275,638 $ 859,694 $ $ 1,135,332
Net claims and claim expenses incurred – prior accident years (151,696) (4,114) (155,810)
Net claims and claim expenses incurred – total $ 123,942 $ 855,580 $ $ 979,522
Net claims and claim expense ratio – current accident year 31.2 % 63.0 % 50.5 %
Net claims and claim expense ratio – prior accident years (17.2) % (0.3) % (7.0) %
Net claims and claim expense ratio – calendar year 14.0 % 62.7 % 43.5 %
Underwriting expense ratio 29.1 % 34.6 % 32.5 %
Combined ratio 43.1 % 97.3 % 76.0 %
Three months ended December 31, 2022
Property Casualty and Specialty Other Total
Gross premiums written $ 372,082 $ 1,213,194 $ $ 1,585,276
Net premiums written $ 372,998 $ 972,618 $ $ 1,345,616
Net premiums earned $ 688,238 $ 935,922 $ $ 1,624,160
Net claims and claim expenses incurred 240,503 582,434 822,937
Acquisition expenses 140,872 272,345 413,217
Operational expenses 49,638 22,066 71,704
Underwriting income (loss) $ 257,225 $ 59,077 $ 316,302
Net investment income 211,237 211,237
Net foreign exchange gains (losses) 10,781 10,781
Equity in earnings of other ventures 8,517 8,517
Other income (loss) 7,686 7,686
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 168,139 168,139
Corporate expenses (11,537) (11,537)
Interest expense (12,384) (12,384)
Income (loss) before taxes and redeemable noncontrolling interests 698,741
Income tax benefit (expense) (5,408) (5,408)
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (236,397) (236,397)
Dividends on preference shares (8,844) (8,844)
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ 448,092
Net claims and claim expenses incurred – current accident year $ 370,175 $ 607,648 $ $ 977,823
Net claims and claim expenses incurred – prior accident years (129,672) (25,214) (154,886)
Net claims and claim expenses incurred – total $ 240,503 $ 582,434 $ $ 822,937
Net claims and claim expense ratio – current accident year 53.8 % 64.9 % 60.2 %
Net claims and claim expense ratio – prior accident years (18.9) % (2.7) % (9.5) %
Net claims and claim expense ratio – calendar year 34.9 % 62.2 % 50.7 %
Underwriting expense ratio 27.7 % 31.5 % 29.8 %
Combined ratio 62.6 % 93.7 % 80.5 %
RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd.
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Supplemental Financial Data - Segment Information
(in thousands of United States Dollars, except percentages)
(Unaudited)
Year ended December 31, 2023
Property Casualty and Specialty Other Total
Gross premiums written $ 3,562,414 $ 5,299,952 $ $ 8,862,366
Net premiums written $ 2,967,309 $ 4,500,504 $ $ 7,467,813
Net premiums earned $ 3,090,792 $ 4,380,341 $ $ 7,471,133
Net claims and claim expenses incurred 799,905 2,773,604 3,573,509
Acquisition expenses 600,127 1,274,907 1,875,034
Operational expenses 251,433 123,749 375,182
Underwriting income (loss) $ 1,439,327 $ 208,081 $ 1,647,408
Net investment income 1,253,110 1,253,110
Net foreign exchange gains (losses) (41,479) (41,479)
Equity in earnings of other ventures 43,474 43,474
Other income (loss) (6,152) (6,152)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 414,522 414,522
Corporate expenses (127,642) (127,642)
Interest expense (73,181) (73,181)
Income (loss) before taxes and redeemable noncontrolling interests 3,110,060
Income tax benefit (expense) 510,067 510,067
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (1,058,995) (1,058,995)
Dividends on preference shares (35,375) (35,375)
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ 2,525,757
Net claims and claim expenses incurred – current accident year $ 1,208,810 $ 2,815,306 $ $ 4,024,116
Net claims and claim expenses incurred – prior accident years (408,905) (41,702) (450,607)
Net claims and claim expenses incurred – total $ 799,905 $ 2,773,604 $ $ 3,573,509
Net claims and claim expense ratio – current accident year 39.1 % 64.3 % 53.9 %
Net claims and claim expense ratio – prior accident years (13.2) % (1.0) % (6.1) %
Net claims and claim expense ratio – calendar year 25.9 % 63.3 % 47.8 %
Underwriting expense ratio 27.5 % 31.9 % 30.1 %
Combined ratio 53.4 % 95.2 % 77.9 %
Year ended December 31, 2022
Property Casualty and Specialty Other Total
Gross premiums written $ 3,734,241 $ 5,479,299 $ $ 9,213,540
Net premiums written $ 2,847,659 $ 4,348,501 $ $ 7,196,160
Net premiums earned $ 2,770,227 $ 3,563,762 $ $ 6,333,989
Net claims and claim expenses incurred 2,044,771 2,294,069 4,338,840
Acquisition expenses 547,210 1,021,396 1,568,606
Operational expenses 194,355 82,336 276,691
Underwriting income (loss) $ (16,109) $ 165,961 $ 149,852
Net investment income 559,932 559,932
Net foreign exchange gains (losses) (56,909) (56,909)
Equity in earnings of other ventures 11,249 11,249
Other income (loss) 12,636 12,636
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments (1,800,485) (1,800,485)
Corporate expenses (46,775) (46,775)
Interest expense (48,335) (48,335)
Income (loss) before taxes and redeemable noncontrolling interests (1,218,835)
Income tax benefit (expense) 59,019 59,019
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests 98,613 98,613
Dividends on preference shares (35,375) (35,375)
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ (1,096,578)
Net claims and claim expenses incurred – current accident year $ 2,250,512 $ 2,335,910 $ $ 4,586,422
Net claims and claim expenses incurred – prior accident years (205,741) (41,841) (247,582)
Net claims and claim expenses incurred – total $ 2,044,771 $ 2,294,069 $ $ 4,338,840
Net claims and claim expense ratio – current accident year 81.2 % 65.5 % 72.4 %
Net claims and claim expense ratio – prior accident years (7.4) % (1.1) % (3.9) %
Net claims and claim expense ratio – calendar year 73.8 % 64.4 % 68.5 %
Underwriting expense ratio 26.8 % 30.9 % 29.2 %
Combined ratio 100.6 % 95.3 % 97.7 %
RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd.
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Supplemental Financial Data - Gross Premiums Written
(in thousands of United States Dollars)
(Unaudited)
Three months ended Year ended
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Property Segment
Catastrophe $ 55,068 $ (4,019) $ 2,146,323 $ 2,076,752
Other property 289,529 376,101 1,416,091 1,657,489
Property segment gross premiums written $ 344,597 $ 372,082 $ 3,562,414 $ 3,734,241
Casualty and Specialty Segment
General casualty (1) $ 535,311 $ 359,901 $ 1,730,102 $ 1,560,594
Professional liability (2) 240,597 349,925 1,212,393 1,728,570
Credit (3) 206,476 217,736 769,321 1,062,183
Other specialty (4) 475,060 285,632 1,588,136 1,127,952
Casualty and Specialty segment gross premiums written $ 1,457,444 $ 1,213,194 $ 5,299,952 $ 5,479,299 (1) Includes automobile liability, casualty clash, employer’s liability, umbrella or excess casualty, workers’ compensation and general liability.
--- ---
(2) Includes directors and officers, medical malpractice, professional indemnity and transactional liability.
(3) Includes financial guaranty, mortgage guaranty, political risk, surety and trade credit.
(4) Includes accident and health, agriculture, aviation, cyber, energy, marine, satellite and terrorism. Lines of business such as regional multi-line and whole account may have characteristics of various other classes of business, and are allocated accordingly.
RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd.
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Supplemental Financial Data - Total Investment Result
(in thousands of United States Dollars, except percentages)
(Unaudited)
Three months ended Year ended
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Fixed maturity investments trading $ 230,437 $ 136,019 $ 744,457 $ 382,165
Short term investments 63,400 23,908 213,303 41,042
Equity investments 586 7,474 7,261 20,864
Other investments
Catastrophe bonds 57,636 31,441 200,572 94,784
Other 21,874 13,793 87,296 37,497
Cash and cash equivalents 10,114 3,947 23,123 5,197
384,047 216,582 1,276,012 581,549
Investment expenses (7,085) (5,345) (22,902) (21,617)
Net investment income $ 376,962 $ 211,237 1,253,110 559,932
Net investment income return - annualized 5.7 % 4.1 % 5.3 % 2.7 %
Net realized gains (losses) on fixed maturity investments trading $ (92,952) $ (110,762) $ (393,041) $ (732,561)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity investments trading 671,088 187,900 685,095 (636,762)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity investments trading 578,136 77,138 292,054 (1,369,323)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investment-related derivatives (45,977) (3,347) (68,272) (165,293)
Net realized gains (losses) on equity investments 11 4,397 (27,492) 43,035
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity investments 11,204 55,251 73,243 (166,823)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on equity investments 11,215 59,648 45,751 (123,788)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other investments - catastrophe bonds 7,111 29,578 101,897 (130,335)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other investments - other 35,454 5,122 43,092 (11,746)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 585,939 168,139 414,522 (1,800,485)
Total investment result $ 962,901 $ 379,376 $ 1,667,632 $ (1,240,553)
Total investment return - annualized 15.2 % 7.4 % 6.9 % (5.7) %
Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures
---

In addition to the GAAP financial measures set forth in this Press Release, the Company has included certain non-GAAP financial measures within the meaning of Regulation G. The Company has provided certain of these financial measures in previous investor communications and the Company’s management believes that such measures are important to investors and other interested persons, and that investors and such other persons benefit from having a consistent basis for comparison between quarters and for comparison with other companies within or outside the industry. These measures may not, however, be comparable to similarly titled measures used by companies within or outside of the insurance industry. Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these non-GAAP measures in assessing the Company’s overall financial performance.

Operating Income (Loss) Available (Attributable) to RenaissanceRe Common Shareholders and Operating Return on Average Common Equity - Annualized

The Company uses “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders” as a measure to evaluate the underlying fundamentals of its operations and believes it to be a useful measure of its corporate performance. “Operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders” as used herein differs from “net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders,” which the Company believes is the most directly comparable GAAP measure, by the exclusion of (1) net realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments, excluding other investments - catastrophe bonds, (2) net foreign exchange gains and losses, (3) corporate expenses associated with acquisitions and dispositions, (4) acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments, (5) the Bermuda net deferred tax asset, (6) the income tax expense or benefit associated with these adjustments, and (7) the portion of these adjustments attributable to the Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interests. The Company updated it’s calculation of “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders” to exclude “acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments” because it believes that excluding the impact of acquisition related accounting adjustments provides more comparability and a more accurate measure of the Company’s results of operations. The Company also uses “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders” to calculate “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted” and “operating return on average common equity - annualized.”

The Company’s management believes that “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders,” “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted” and “operating return on average common equity - annualized” are useful to management and investors because they provide for better comparability and more accurately measures the Company’s results of operations and removes variability.

The following table is a reconciliation of: (1) net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders to “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders”; (2) net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted to “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted”; and (3) return on average common equity - annualized to “operating return on average common equity - annualized.” Comparative information for the prior periods presented have been updated to conform to the current methodology and presentation.

Three months ended Year ended
(in thousands of United States Dollars, except per share amounts and percentages) December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ 1,576,682 $ 448,092 $ 2,525,757 $ (1,096,578)
Adjustment for:
Net realized and unrealized losses (gains) on investments, excluding other investments - catastrophe bonds (578,828) (138,561) (312,625) 1,670,150
Net foreign exchange losses (gains) (12,398) (10,781) 41,479 56,909
Corporate expenses associated with acquisitions and dispositions 61,666 76,380
Acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (1) 52,812 (18) 64,866 7,235
Bermuda net deferred tax asset (2) (593,765) (593,765)
Income tax expense (benefit) (3) 12,250 (5,818) 3,289 (83,149)
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (4) 104,691 29,221 19,529 (231,776)
Operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ 623,110 $ 322,135 $ 1,824,910 $ 322,791
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted $ 30.43 $ 10.27 $ 52.27 $ (25.50)
Adjustment for:
Net realized and unrealized losses (gains) on investments, excluding other investments - catastrophe bonds (11.33) (3.23) (6.57) 38.80
Net foreign exchange losses (gains) (0.24) (0.25) 0.87 1.32
Corporate expenses associated with acquisitions and dispositions 1.21 1.60
Acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (1) 1.04 1.36 0.17
Bermuda net deferred tax asset (2) (11.63) (12.47)
Income tax expense (benefit) (3) 0.24 (0.14) 0.07 (1.93)
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (4) 2.05 0.68 0.41 (5.39)
Operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted $ 11.77 $ 7.33 $ 37.54 $ 7.47
Return on average common equity - annualized 83.5 % 41.2 % 40.5 % (22.0) %
Adjustment for:
Net realized and unrealized losses (gains) on investments, excluding other investments - catastrophe bonds (30.6) % (12.8) % (5.0) % 33.5 %
Net foreign exchange losses (gains) (0.7) % (1.0) % 0.7 % 1.1 %
Corporate expenses associated with acquisitions and dispositions 3.3 % % 1.2 % %
Acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (1) 2.8 % % 1.0 % 0.1 %
Bermuda net deferred tax asset (2) (31.4) % % (9.5) % %
Income tax expense (benefit) (3) 0.6 % (0.5) % 0.1 % (1.7) %
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (4) 5.5 % 2.7 % 0.3 % (4.6) %
Operating return on average common equity - annualized 33.0 % 29.6 % 29.3 % 6.4 %

(1)Represents the purchase accounting adjustments related to the amortization of acquisition related intangible assets, amortization (accretion) of VOBA and acquisition costs, and the fair value adjustments to the net reserves for claims and claim expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2023 for the acquisitions of Validus $48.8 million (2022 - $Nil); and TMR and Platinum $4.0 million (2022 - $(18.0) thousand) and for the year ended December 31, 2023 for the acquisitions of Validus $48.8 million (2022 - $Nil); and TMR and Platinum $16.1 million (2022 - $7.2 million).

(2)Represents the net deferred tax benefit resulting from the recognition of deferred tax assets net of deferred tax liabilities in connection with a 15% Bermuda corporate income tax rate, pursuant to the Corporate Income Tax Act 2023, enacted on December 27, 2023.

(3)Represents the income tax (expense) benefit associated with the adjustments to net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders. The income tax impact is estimated by applying the statutory rates of applicable jurisdictions, after consideration of other relevant factors.

(4)Represents the portion of the adjustments above that are attributable to the Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interests, including the income tax impact of those adjustments.

Tangible Book Value Per Common Share and Tangible Book Value Per Common Share Plus Accumulated Dividends

The Company has included in this Press Release “tangible book value per common share” and “tangible book value per common share plus accumulated dividends.” “Tangible book value per common share” is defined as book value per common share excluding per share amounts for (1) acquisition related goodwill and other intangible assets, (2) acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments, and (3) other goodwill and intangible assets. “Tangible book value per common share plus accumulated dividends” is defined as book value per common share excluding per share amounts for (1) acquisition related goodwill and other intangible assets, (2) acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments, and (3) other goodwill and intangible assets, plus accumulated dividends. The Company updated its calculation of “tangible book value per common share” to exclude “acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments” because it believes that excluding the impact of acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments provides more comparability and a more accurate measure of the Company’s realizable returns.

The Company’s management believes “tangible book value per common share” and “tangible book value per common share plus accumulated dividends” are useful to investors because they provide a more accurate measure of the realizable value of shareholder returns, excluding the impact of goodwill and intangible assets and acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments. The following table is a reconciliation of book value per common share to “tangible book value per common share” and “tangible book value per common share plus accumulated dividends.” Comparative information for the prior periods presented have been updated to conform to the current methodology and presentation.

December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Book value per common share $ 165.20 $ 104.65
Adjustment for:
Acquisition related goodwill and other intangible assets (1) (14.71) (5.44)
Other goodwill and intangible assets (2) (0.35) (0.40)
Acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (3) (8.27) (1.66)
Tangible book value per common share 141.87 97.15
Adjustment for accumulated dividends 26.52 25.00
Tangible book value per common share plus accumulated dividends $ 168.39 $ 122.15
Quarterly change in book value per common share 23.6 % 10.7 %
Quarterly change in book value per common share plus change in accumulated dividends 23.9 % 11.1 %
Quarterly change in tangible book value per common share plus change in accumulated dividends 11.6 % 12.0 %
Year to date change in book value per common share 57.9 % (20.8) %
Year to date change in book value per common share plus change in accumulated dividends 59.3 % (19.7) %
Year to date change in tangible book value per common share plus change in accumulated dividends 47.6 % (20.8) %

(1)Represents the acquired goodwill and other intangible assets at December 31, 2023 for the acquisitions of Validus $542.7 million (2022 - $Nil), TMR $27.2 million (2022 - $28.3 million) and Platinum $205.5 million (2022 - $209.6 million).

(2)At December 31, 2023, the adjustment for goodwill and other intangibles included $18.1 million (2022 - $17.8 million) of goodwill and other intangibles included in investments in other ventures, under equity method. Previously reported “adjustment for goodwill and other intangibles” has been bifurcated into “acquisition related goodwill and other intangible assets” and “other goodwill and intangible assets.”

(3)Represents the purchase accounting adjustments related to the unamortized VOBA and acquisition costs, and the fair value adjustments to reserves at December 31, 2023 for the acquisitions of Validus $374.4 million (2022 - $Nil), TMR $62.2 million (2022 - $73.4 million) and Platinum $(0.8) million (2022 - $(1.0) million).

Adjusted Combined Ratio

The Company has included in this Press Release “adjusted combined ratio. “Adjusted combined ratio” is defined as the combined ratio adjusted for the impact of acquisition related purchase accounting, which includes the amortization of acquisition related intangible assets, purchase accounting adjustments related to the amortization (accretion) of VOBA and acquisition costs, and the fair value adjustments to the net reserve for claims and claim expenses for the acquisitions of Validus, TMR and Platinum. The combined ratio is calculated as the sum of (1) net claims and claim expenses incurred, (2) acquisition expenses, and (3) operational expenses; divided by net premiums earned. The acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments impact net claims and claim expenses incurred and acquisition expenses. The Company’s management believes “adjusted combined ratio” is useful to management and investors because it provides for better comparability and more accurately measures the Company’s underlying underwriting performance. The following table is a reconciliation of combined ratio to “adjusted combined ratio.”

Three months ended December 31, 2023
Catastrophe Other<br>Property Property Casualty and Specialty Total
Combined ratio 17.8 % 79.9 % 43.1 % 97.3 % 76.0 %
Adjustment for acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (1) (2.0) % (0.5) % (1.4) % (3.0) % (2.4) %
Adjusted combined ratio 15.8 % 79.4 % 41.7 % 94.3 % 73.6 %
Three months ended December 31, 2022
Catastrophe Other<br>Property Property Casualty and Specialty Total
Combined ratio 25.2 % 90.8 % 62.6 % 93.7 % 80.5 %
Adjustment for acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (1) (1.0) % % (0.4) % 0.3 % 0.1 %
Adjusted combined ratio 24.2 % 90.8 % 62.2 % 94.0 % 80.6 %
Year ended December 31, 2023
Catastrophe Other<br>Property Property Casualty and Specialty Total
Combined ratio 29.8 % 82.6 % 53.4 % 95.2 % 77.9 %
Adjustment for acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (1) (0.7) % (0.2) % (0.5) % (1.0) % (0.8) %
Adjusted combined ratio 29.1 % 82.4 % 52.9 % 94.2 % 77.1 %
Year ended December 31, 2022
Catastrophe Other<br>Property Property Casualty and Specialty Total
Combined ratio 88.3 % 112.4 % 100.6 % 95.3 % 97.7 %
Adjustment for acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (1) (0.4) % % (0.2) % % (0.2) %
Adjusted combined ratio 87.9 % 112.4 % 100.4 % 95.3 % 97.5 %

(1)Adjustment for acquisition related purchase accounting includes the amortization of the acquisition related intangible assets and purchase accounting adjustments related to the net amortization (accretion) of VOBA and acquisition costs, and the fair value adjustments to the net reserve for claims and claim expenses for the acquisitions of Validus, TMR and Platinum.

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Document

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RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd.
Contents Page
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Basis of Presentation i
Financial Highlights 1
Summary Consolidated Financial Statements
a. Consolidated Statements of Operations 3
b. Consolidated Balance Sheets 4
Underwriting and Reserves
a. Consolidated Segment Underwriting Results 5
b. Consolidated and Segment Underwriting Results - Five Quarter Trend 7
c. Property Segment - Catastrophe and Other Property Underwriting Results 10
d. Gross Premiums Written 12
e. Net Premiums Written 13
f. Net Premiums Earned 14
g. Reserves for Claims and Claim Expenses 15
h. Paid to Incurred Analysis 16
Managed Joint Ventures and Fee Income
a. Fee Income 17
b. Fee income - Five Quarter Trend 18
c. Noncontrolling Interests 19
d. DaVinciRe Holdings Ltd. and Subsidiary Consolidated Statements of Operations 21
Investments
a. Total Investment Result 22
b. Investments Composition 24
c. Managed Investments - Credit Rating 25
d. Retained Investments - Credit Rating 26
Other Items
a. Earnings per Share 27
Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures 28

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RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd.
Basis of Presentation

RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd. (the “Company” or “RenaissanceRe”) is a global provider of reinsurance and insurance that specializes in matching well-structured risks with efficient sources of capital. The Company provides property, casualty and specialty reinsurance and certain insurance solutions to customers, principally through intermediaries. Established in 1993, the Company has offices in Bermuda, Australia, Canada, Ireland, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.

On November 1, 2023, the Company completed its acquisition (the “Validus Acquisition”) of Validus Holdings, Ltd. (“Validus Holdings”), Validus Specialty, LLC (“Validus Specialty”) and the renewal rights, records and customer relationships of the assumed treaty reinsurance business of Talbot Underwriting Limited from subsidiaries of American International Group, Inc.. Validus Holdings, Validus Specialty, and their respective subsidiaries collectively are referred to herein as “Validus.” The operating activities of Validus from the acquisition date, November 1, 2023, through December 31, 2023 are included in the Company's consolidated statements of operations for the three months and year ended December 31, 2023. As such, the results of operations for the three months and year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the three months and year ended December 31, 2022, should be viewed in that context. In addition, the results of operations for three months and year ended December 31, 2023 may not be reflective of the ongoing business of the combined entities. At December 31, 2023, the Company’s consolidated balance sheet reflects the combined entities.

This financial supplement includes certain financial measures that are not calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”) including “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders,” “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted,” “operating return on average common equity - annualized,” “tangible book value per common share,” “tangible book value per common share plus accumulated dividends,” "adjusted combined ratio," “retained total investment result,” “retained investments, at fair value,” “retained investments, unrealized gain (loss)” and “operating (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests.” A reconciliation of such measures to the most comparable GAAP figures is presented in the attached supplemental financial data. See pages 28 through 38 for “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

All information contained herein is unaudited. Unless otherwise noted, amounts are in thousands of United States Dollars, except for share and per share amounts and ratio information. Certain prior period comparatives have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. This supplement is being provided for informational purposes only. It should be read in conjunction with documents filed by RenaissanceRe with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including its Annual Reports on Form 10-K and its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Please refer to the Company’s website at www.renre.com for further information about RenaissanceRe.

i
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
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Any forward-looking statements made in this Financial Supplement reflect RenaissanceRe’s current views with respect to future events and financial performance and are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The Company may also make forward-looking statements with respect to its business and industry, such as those relating to its strategy and management objectives, plans and expectations regarding its response and ability to adapt to changing economic conditions, market standing and product volumes, estimates of net negative impact and insured losses from loss events, and the Validus Acquisition and its impact on the Company’s business, among other things. These statements are subject to numerous factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those addressed by such forward-looking statements, including the following: the Company’s exposure to natural and non-natural catastrophic events and circumstances and the variance it may cause in the Company’s financial results; the effect of climate change on the Company’s business, including the trend towards increasingly frequent and severe climate events; the effectiveness of the Company’s claims and claim expense reserving process; the effect of emerging claims and coverage issues; the performance of the Company’s investment portfolio and financial market volatility; the effects of inflation; the ability of the Company’s ceding companies and delegated authority counterparties to accurately assess the risks they underwrite; the Company’s ability to maintain its financial strength ratings; the Company’s reliance on a small number of brokers; the highly competitive nature of the Company’s industry; the historically cyclical nature of the (re)insurance industries;collection on claimed retrocessional coverage, and new retrocessional reinsurance being available on acceptable terms or at all; the Company’s ability to attract and retain key executives and employees; the Company’s ability to successfully implement its business strategies and initiatives; difficulties in integrating Validus; the Company’s exposure to credit loss from counterparties; the Company’s need to make many estimates and judgments in the preparation of its financial statements; the Company’s exposure to risks associated with its management of capital on behalf of investors in joint ventures or other entities it manages; changes to the accounting rules and regulatory systems applicable to the Company’s business, including changes in Bermuda and U.S. laws and regulations; the effect of current or future macroeconomic or geopolitical events or trends, including the ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, and Israel and Hamas; other political, regulatory or industry initiatives adversely impacting the Company; the Company’s ability to comply with covenants in its debt agreements; the effect of adverse economic factors, including changes in prevailing interest rates; the impact of cybersecurity risks, including technology breaches or failure; a contention by the U.S. Internal Revenue Service that any of the Company’s Bermuda subsidiaries are subject to taxation in the U.S.; the effects of new or possible future tax reform legislation and regulations in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, including recent changes in Bermuda tax law; the Company’s ability to determine any impairments taken on its investments; the Company’s ability to raise capital on acceptable terms, including through debt instruments, the capital markets, and third party investments in the Company’s joint ventures and managed fund partners; the Company’s ability to comply with applicable sanctions and foreign corrupt practices laws; the Company’s dependence on capital distributions from its subsidiaries; and other factors affecting future results disclosed in RenaissanceRe’s filings with the SEC, including its Annual Reports on Form 10-K and Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.

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RenaissanceRe Holdings Ltd.
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Financial Highlights
Three months ended Year ended
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ 1,576,682 $ 448,092 $ 2,525,757 $ (1,096,578)
Operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders (1) $ 623,110 $ 322,135 $ 1,824,910 $ 322,791
Underwriting income
Gross premiums written $ 1,802,041 $ 1,585,276 $ 8,862,366 $ 9,213,540
Net premiums written 1,587,047 1,345,616 7,467,813 7,196,160
Underwriting income (loss) 540,970 316,302 1,647,408 149,852
Net claims and claim expense ratio:
Current accident year 50.5 % 60.2 % 53.9 % 72.4 %
Prior accident years (7.0) % (9.5) % (6.1) % (3.9) %
Calendar year 43.5 % 50.7 % 47.8 % 68.5 %
Acquisition expense ratio 26.5 % 25.4 % 25.1 % 24.8 %
Operating expense ratio 6.0 % 4.4 % 5.0 % 4.4 %
Combined ratio 76.0 % 80.5 % 77.9 % 97.7 %
Adjusted combined ratio (1) 73.6 % 80.6 % 77.1 % 97.5 %
Fee income
Management fee income $ 47,769 $ 25,984 $ 176,599 $ 108,902
Performance fee income 23,014 4,363 60,195 9,777
Total fee income $ 70,783 $ 30,347 $ 236,794 $ 118,679
Investment results - managed
Net investment income $ 376,962 $ 211,237 $ 1,253,110 $ 559,932
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 585,939 168,139 414,522 (1,800,485)
Total investment result $ 962,901 $ 379,376 $ 1,667,632 $ (1,240,553)
Total investment return - annualized 15.2 % 7.4 % 6.9 % (5.7) %
Investment results - retained (1)
Net investment income $ 256,445 $ 143,944 $ 830,533 $ 391,707
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 490,387 128,966 285,765 (1,484,970)
Total investment result $ 746,832 $ 272,910 $ 1,116,298 $ (1,093,263)
Total investment return - annualized 16.5 % 7.8 % 6.5 % (7.7) %

(1)See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

Financial Highlights - Per Share Data & ROE
Three months ended Year ended
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - basic $ 30.51 $ 10.30 $ 52.40 $ (25.50)
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted $ 30.43 $ 10.27 $ 52.27 $ (25.50)
Operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted (1) $ 11.77 $ 7.33 $ 37.54 $ 7.47
Average shares outstanding - basic 50,937 42,795 47,493 43,040
Average shares outstanding - diluted 51,072 42,914 47,607 43,040
Return on average common equity - annualized 83.5 % 41.2 % 40.5 % (22.0) %
Operating return on average common equity - annualized (1) 33.0 % 29.6 % 29.3 % 6.4 %
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Book value per common share $ 165.20 $ 104.65
Tangible book value per common share (1) $ 141.87 $ 97.15
Tangible book value per common share plus accumulated dividends (1) $ 168.39 $ 122.15
Year to date change in book value per common share plus change in accumulated dividends 59.3 % (19.7) %
Year to date change in tangible book value per common share plus change in accumulated dividends (1) 47.6 % (20.8) %

(1)See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

Summary Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Three months ended Year ended
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Revenues
Gross premiums written $ 1,802,041 $ 1,585,276 $ 8,862,366 $ 9,213,540
Net premiums written $ 1,587,047 $ 1,345,616 $ 7,467,813 $ 7,196,160
Decrease (increase) in unearned premiums 662,398 278,544 3,320 (862,171)
Net premiums earned 2,249,445 1,624,160 7,471,133 6,333,989
Net investment income 376,962 211,237 1,253,110 559,932
Net foreign exchange gains (losses) 12,398 10,781 (41,479) (56,909)
Equity in earnings (losses) of other ventures 15,402 8,517 43,474 11,249
Other income (loss) 144 7,686 (6,152) 12,636
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 585,939 168,139 414,522 (1,800,485)
Total revenues 3,240,290 2,030,520 9,134,608 5,060,412
Expenses
Net claims and claim expenses incurred 979,522 822,937 3,573,509 4,338,840
Acquisition expenses 594,487 413,217 1,875,034 1,568,606
Operational expenses 134,466 71,704 375,182 276,691
Corporate expenses 74,285 11,537 127,642 46,775
Interest expense 23,201 12,384 73,181 48,335
Total expenses 1,805,961 1,331,779 6,024,548 6,279,247
Income (loss) before taxes 1,434,329 698,741 3,110,060 (1,218,835)
Income tax benefit (expense) 554,206 (5,408) 510,067 59,019
Net income (loss) 1,988,535 693,333 3,620,127 (1,159,816)
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (403,009) (236,397) (1,058,995) 98,613
Net income (loss) attributable to RenaissanceRe 1,585,526 456,936 2,561,132 (1,061,203)
Dividends on preference shares (8,844) (8,844) (35,375) (35,375)
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ 1,576,682 $ 448,092 $ 2,525,757 $ (1,096,578)
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - basic $ 30.51 $ 10.30 $ 52.40 $ (25.50)
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted $ 30.43 $ 10.27 $ 52.27 $ (25.50)
Operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted (1) $ 11.77 $ 7.33 $ 37.54 $ 7.47
Return on average common equity - annualized 83.5 % 41.2 % 40.5 % (22.0) %
Operating return on average common equity - annualized (1) 33.0 % 29.6 % 29.3 % 6.4 %

(1)See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

Summary Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Assets
Fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value – amortized cost $20,872,450 at December 31, 2023 (December 31, 2022 – $15,038,551) $ 20,877,108 $ 14,351,402
Short term investments, at fair value - amortized cost $4,603,340 at December 31, 2023 (December 31, 2022 - $4,671,581) 4,604,079 4,669,272
Equity investments, at fair value 106,766 625,058
Other investments, at fair value 3,515,566 2,494,954
Investments in other ventures, under equity method 112,624 79,750
Total investments 29,216,143 22,220,436
Cash and cash equivalents 1,877,518 1,194,339
Premiums receivable 7,280,682 5,139,471
Prepaid reinsurance premiums 924,777 1,021,412
Reinsurance recoverable 5,344,286 4,710,925
Accrued investment income 205,713 121,501
Deferred acquisition costs and value of business acquired 1,751,437 1,171,738
Deferred tax asset 685,040 123,153
Receivable for investments sold 622,197 350,526
Other assets 323,960 261,549
Goodwill and other intangibles 775,352 237,828
Total assets $ 49,007,105 $ 36,552,878
Liabilities, Noncontrolling Interests and Shareholders' Equity
Liabilities
Reserve for claims and claim expenses $ 20,486,869 $ 15,892,573
Unearned premiums 6,136,135 4,559,107
Debt 1,958,655 1,170,442
Reinsurance balances payable 3,186,174 3,928,281
Payable for investments purchased 661,611 493,776
Other liabilities 1,021,872 648,036
Total liabilities 33,451,316 26,692,215
Redeemable noncontrolling interests 6,100,831 4,535,389
Shareholders' Equity
Preference shares: $1.00 par value – 30,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 (December 31, 2022 – 30,000) 750,000 750,000
Common shares: $1.00 par value – 52,693,887 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 (December 31, 2022 – 43,717,836) 52,694 43,718
Additional paid-in capital 2,144,459 475,647
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (14,211) (15,462)
Retained earnings 6,522,016 4,071,371
Total shareholders' equity attributable to RenaissanceRe 9,454,958 5,325,274
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests and shareholders' equity $ 49,007,105 $ 36,552,878
Book value per common share $ 165.20 $ 104.65
Underwriting and Reserves
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Consolidated Segment Underwriting Results
Three months ended December 31, 2023 Three months ended December 31, 2022
Property Casualty and Specialty Total Property Casualty and Specialty Total
Gross premiums written $ 344,597 $ 1,457,444 $ 1,802,041 $ 372,082 $ 1,213,194 $ 1,585,276
Net premiums written $ 357,953 $ 1,229,094 $ 1,587,047 $ 372,998 $ 972,618 $ 1,345,616
Net premiums earned $ 884,321 $ 1,365,124 $ 2,249,445 $ 688,238 $ 935,922 $ 1,624,160
Net claims and claim expenses incurred 123,942 855,580 979,522 240,503 582,434 822,937
Acquisition expenses 170,854 423,633 594,487 140,872 272,345 413,217
Operational expenses 85,919 48,547 134,466 49,638 22,066 71,704
Underwriting income (loss) $ 503,606 $ 37,364 $ 540,970 $ 257,225 $ 59,077 $ 316,302
Net claims and claim expenses incurred:
Current accident year $ 275,638 $ 859,694 $ 1,135,332 $ 370,175 $ 607,648 $ 977,823
Prior accident years (151,696) (4,114) (155,810) (129,672) (25,214) (154,886)
Total $ 123,942 $ 855,580 $ 979,522 $ 240,503 $ 582,434 $ 822,937
Net claims and claim expense ratio:
Current accident year 31.2 % 63.0 % 50.5 % 53.8 % 64.9 % 60.2 %
Prior accident years (17.2) % (0.3) % (7.0) % (18.9) % (2.7) % (9.5) %
Calendar year 14.0 % 62.7 % 43.5 % 34.9 % 62.2 % 50.7 %
Acquisition expense ratio 19.4 % 31.0 % 26.5 % 20.5 % 29.1 % 25.4 %
Operating expense ratio 9.7 % 3.6 % 6.0 % 7.2 % 2.4 % 4.4 %
Combined ratio 43.1 % 97.3 % 76.0 % 62.6 % 93.7 % 80.5 %
Adjusted combined ratio (1) 41.7 % 94.3 % 73.6 % 62.2 % 94.0 % 80.6 %

(1)See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

Underwriting and Reserves
Consolidated Segment Underwriting Results
Year ended December 31, 2023 Year ended December 31, 2022
Property Casualty and Specialty Total Property Casualty and Specialty Total
Gross premiums written $ 3,562,414 $ 5,299,952 $ 8,862,366 $ 3,734,241 $ 5,479,299 $ 9,213,540
Net premiums written $ 2,967,309 $ 4,500,504 $ 7,467,813 $ 2,847,659 $ 4,348,501 $ 7,196,160
Net premiums earned $ 3,090,792 $ 4,380,341 $ 7,471,133 $ 2,770,227 $ 3,563,762 $ 6,333,989
Net claims and claim expenses incurred 799,905 2,773,604 3,573,509 2,044,771 2,294,069 4,338,840
Acquisition expenses 600,127 1,274,907 1,875,034 547,210 1,021,396 1,568,606
Operational expenses 251,433 123,749 375,182 194,355 82,336 276,691
Underwriting income (loss) $ 1,439,327 $ 208,081 $ 1,647,408 $ (16,109) $ 165,961 $ 149,852
Net claims and claim expenses incurred:
Current accident year $ 1,208,810 $ 2,815,306 $ 4,024,116 $ 2,250,512 $ 2,335,910 $ 4,586,422
Prior accident years (408,905) (41,702) (450,607) (205,741) (41,841) (247,582)
Total $ 799,905 $ 2,773,604 $ 3,573,509 $ 2,044,771 $ 2,294,069 $ 4,338,840
Net claims and claim expense ratio:
Current accident year 39.1 % 64.3 % 53.9 % 81.2 % 65.5 % 72.4 %
Prior accident years (13.2) % (1.0) % (6.1) % (7.4) % (1.1) % (3.9) %
Calendar year 25.9 % 63.3 % 47.8 % 73.8 % 64.4 % 68.5 %
Acquisition expense ratio 19.4 % 29.1 % 25.1 % 19.8 % 28.6 % 24.8 %
Operating expense ratio 8.1 % 2.8 % 5.0 % 7.0 % 2.3 % 4.4 %
Combined ratio 53.4 % 95.2 % 77.9 % 100.6 % 95.3 % 97.7 %
Adjusted combined ratio (1) 52.9 % 94.2 % 77.1 % 100.4 % 95.3 % 97.5 %

(1)See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

Underwriting and Reserves
Consolidated Underwriting Results - Five Quarter Trend
Total
December 31,<br>2023 September 30,<br>2023 June 30,<br>2023 March 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Gross premiums written $ 1,802,041 $ 1,618,443 $ 2,651,621 $ 2,790,261 $ 1,585,276
Net premiums written $ 1,587,047 $ 1,421,260 $ 2,195,803 $ 2,263,703 $ 1,345,616
Net premiums earned $ 2,249,445 $ 1,755,876 $ 1,785,262 $ 1,680,550 $ 1,624,160
Net claims and claim expenses incurred 979,522 861,576 931,211 801,200 822,937
Acquisition expenses 594,487 425,745 422,545 432,257 413,217
Operational expenses 134,466 82,751 80,491 77,474 71,704
Underwriting income (loss) $ 540,970 $ 385,804 $ 351,015 $ 369,619 $ 316,302
Net claims and claim expenses incurred:
Current accident year $ 1,135,332 $ 1,019,523 $ 963,309 $ 905,952 $ 977,823
Prior accident years (155,810) (157,947) (32,098) (104,752) (154,886)
Total $ 979,522 $ 861,576 $ 931,211 $ 801,200 $ 822,937
Net claims and claim expense ratio:
Current accident year 50.5 % 58.1 % 54.0 % 53.9 % 60.2 %
Prior accident years (7.0) % (9.0) % (1.8) % (6.2) % (9.5) %
Calendar year 43.5 % 49.1 % 52.2 % 47.7 % 50.7 %
Acquisition expense ratio 26.5 % 24.2 % 23.6 % 25.7 % 25.4 %
Operating expense ratio 6.0 % 4.7 % 4.5 % 4.6 % 4.4 %
Combined ratio 76.0 % 78.0 % 80.3 % 78.0 % 80.5 %
Underwriting and Reserves
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Property Underwriting Results - Five Quarter Trend
Property
December 31,<br>2023 September 30,<br>2023 June 30,<br>2023 March 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Gross premiums written $ 344,597 $ 511,012 $ 1,402,606 $ 1,304,199 $ 372,082
Net premiums written $ 357,953 $ 444,872 $ 1,144,655 $ 1,019,829 $ 372,998
Net premiums earned $ 884,321 $ 760,365 $ 758,686 $ 687,420 $ 688,238
Net claims and claim expenses incurred 123,942 206,361 281,993 187,609 240,503
Acquisition expenses 170,854 143,348 140,606 145,319 140,872
Operational expenses 85,919 54,624 55,077 55,813 49,638
Underwriting income (loss) $ 503,606 $ 356,032 $ 281,010 $ 298,679 $ 257,225
Net claims and claim expenses incurred:
Current accident year $ 275,638 $ 350,238 $ 313,632 $ 269,302 $ 370,175
Prior accident years (151,696) (143,877) (31,639) (81,693) (129,672)
Total $ 123,942 $ 206,361 $ 281,993 $ 187,609 $ 240,503
Net claims and claim expense ratio:
Current accident year 31.2 % 46.1 % 41.3 % 39.2 % 53.8 %
Prior accident years (17.2) % (19.0) % (4.1) % (11.9) % (18.9) %
Calendar year 14.0 % 27.1 % 37.2 % 27.3 % 34.9 %
Acquisition expense ratio 19.4 % 18.9 % 18.5 % 21.2 % 20.5 %
Operating expense ratio 9.7 % 7.2 % 7.3 % 8.1 % 7.2 %
Combined ratio 43.1 % 53.2 % 63.0 % 56.6 % 62.6 %
Underwriting and Reserves
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Casualty and Specialty Underwriting Results - Five Quarter Trend
Casualty and Specialty
December 31,<br>2023 September 30,<br>2023 June 30,<br>2023 March 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Gross premiums written $ 1,457,444 $ 1,107,431 $ 1,249,015 $ 1,486,062 $ 1,213,194
Net premiums written $ 1,229,094 $ 976,388 $ 1,051,148 $ 1,243,874 $ 972,618
Net premiums earned $ 1,365,124 $ 995,511 $ 1,026,576 $ 993,130 $ 935,922
Net claims and claim expenses incurred 855,580 655,215 649,218 613,591 582,434
Acquisition expenses 423,633 282,397 281,939 286,938 272,345
Operational expenses 48,547 28,127 25,414 21,661 22,066
Underwriting income (loss) $ 37,364 $ 29,772 $ 70,005 $ 70,940 $ 59,077
Net claims and claim expenses incurred:
Current accident year $ 859,694 $ 669,285 $ 649,677 $ 636,650 $ 607,648
Prior accident years (4,114) (14,070) (459) (23,059) (25,214)
Total $ 855,580 $ 655,215 $ 649,218 $ 613,591 $ 582,434
Net claims and claim expense ratio:
Current accident year 63.0 % 67.2 % 63.3 % 64.1 % 64.9 %
Prior accident years (0.3) % (1.4) % (0.1) % (2.3) % (2.7) %
Calendar year 62.7 % 65.8 % 63.2 % 61.8 % 62.2 %
Acquisition expense ratio 31.0 % 28.4 % 27.5 % 28.9 % 29.1 %
Operating expense ratio 3.6 % 2.8 % 2.5 % 2.2 % 2.4 %
Combined ratio 97.3 % 97.0 % 93.2 % 92.9 % 93.7 %
Underwriting and Reserves
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Property Segment - Catastrophe and Other Property Underwriting Results
Three months ended December 31, 2023 Three months ended December 31, 2022
Catastrophe Other Property Total Catastrophe Other Property Total
Gross premiums written $ 55,068 $ 289,529 $ 344,597 $ (4,019) $ 376,101 $ 372,082
Net premiums written $ 58,451 $ 299,502 $ 357,953 $ (3,158) $ 376,156 $ 372,998
Net premiums earned $ 525,028 $ 359,293 $ 884,321 $ 295,362 $ 392,876 $ 688,238
Net claims and claim expenses incurred (49,500) 173,442 123,942 (4,334) 244,837 240,503
Acquisition expenses 72,605 98,249 170,854 38,944 101,928 140,872
Operational expenses 70,463 15,456 85,919 39,694 9,944 49,638
Underwriting income (loss) $ 431,460 $ 72,146 $ 503,606 $ 221,058 $ 36,167 $ 257,225
Net claims and claim expenses incurred:
Current accident year $ 87,008 $ 188,630 $ 275,638 $ 122,759 $ 247,416 $ 370,175
Prior accident years (136,508) (15,188) (151,696) (127,093) (2,579) (129,672)
Total $ (49,500) $ 173,442 $ 123,942 $ (4,334) $ 244,837 $ 240,503
Net claims and claim expense ratio:
Current accident year 16.6 % 52.5 % 31.2 % 41.6 % 63.0 % 53.8 %
Prior accident years (26.0) % (4.2) % (17.2) % (43.1) % (0.7) % (18.9) %
Calendar year (9.4) % 48.3 % 14.0 % (1.5) % 62.3 % 34.9 %
Acquisition expense ratio 13.8 % 27.3 % 19.4 % 13.3 % 26.0 % 20.5 %
Operating expense ratio 13.4 % 4.3 % 9.7 % 13.4 % 2.5 % 7.2 %
Combined ratio 17.8 % 79.9 % 43.1 % 25.2 % 90.8 % 62.6 %
Adjusted combined ratio (1) 15.8 % 79.4 % 41.7 % 24.2 % 90.8 % 62.2 %

(1)See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

Underwriting and Reserves
Property Segment - Catastrophe and Other Property Underwriting Results
Year ended December 31, 2023 Year ended December 31, 2022
Catastrophe Other Property Total Catastrophe Other Property Total
Gross premiums written $ 2,146,323 $ 1,416,091 $ 3,562,414 $ 2,076,752 $ 1,657,489 $ 3,734,241
Net premiums written $ 1,742,357 $ 1,224,952 $ 2,967,309 $ 1,421,398 $ 1,426,261 $ 2,847,659
Net premiums earned $ 1,709,252 $ 1,381,540 $ 3,090,792 $ 1,360,878 $ 1,409,349 $ 2,770,227
Net claims and claim expenses incurred 89,257 710,648 799,905 895,801 1,148,970 2,044,771
Acquisition expenses 216,071 384,056 600,127 149,052 398,158 547,210
Operational expenses 204,767 46,666 251,433 157,306 37,049 194,355
Underwriting income (loss) $ 1,199,157 $ 240,170 $ 1,439,327 $ 158,719 $ (174,828) $ (16,109)
Net claims and claim expenses incurred:
Current accident year $ 410,180 $ 798,630 $ 1,208,810 $ 1,119,989 $ 1,130,523 $ 2,250,512
Prior accident years (320,923) (87,982) (408,905) (224,188) 18,447 (205,741)
Total $ 89,257 $ 710,648 $ 799,905 $ 895,801 $ 1,148,970 $ 2,044,771
Net claims and claim expense ratio:
Current accident year 24.0 % 57.8 % 39.1 % 82.3 % 80.2 % 81.2 %
Prior accident years (18.8) % (6.4) % (13.2) % (16.5) % 1.3 % (7.4) %
Calendar year 5.2 % 51.4 % 25.9 % 65.8 % 81.5 % 73.8 %
Acquisition expense ratio 12.6 % 27.8 % 19.4 % 10.9 % 28.3 % 19.8 %
Operating expense ratio 12.0 % 3.4 % 8.1 % 11.6 % 2.6 % 7.0 %
Combined ratio 29.8 % 82.6 % 53.4 % 88.3 % 112.4 % 100.6 %
Adjusted combined ratio (1) 29.1 % 82.4 % 52.9 % 87.9 % 112.4 % 100.4 %

(1)See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

Underwriting and Reserves
Gross Premiums Written
Three months ended Q/Q Change Q/Q % Change Year ended Y/Y Change Y/Y % Change
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Property Segment
Catastrophe $ 28,322 $ 10,993 157.6 % $ 2,124,852 $ 1,840,502 15.4 %
Catastrophe - gross reinstatement premiums 26,746 (15,012) 41,758 (278.2) % 21,471 236,250 (214,779) (90.9) %
Total catastrophe gross premiums written 55,068 (4,019) 59,087 (1470.2) % 2,146,323 2,076,752 69,571 3.3 %
Other property 295,344 366,796 (71,452) (19.5) % 1,420,842 1,641,246 (220,404) (13.4) %
Other property - gross reinstatement premiums (5,815) 9,305 (15,120) (162.5) % (4,751) 16,243 (20,994) (129.2) %
Total other property gross premiums written 289,529 376,101 (86,572) (23.0) % 1,416,091 1,657,489 (241,398) (14.6) %
Property segment gross premiums written $ 344,597 $ 372,082 (7.4) % $ 3,562,414 $ 3,734,241 (4.6) %
Casualty and Specialty Segment
General casualty (1) $ 535,311 $ 359,901 48.7 % $ 1,730,102 $ 1,560,594 10.9 %
Professional liability (2) 240,597 349,925 (109,328) (31.2) % 1,212,393 1,728,570 (516,177) (29.9) %
Credit (3) 206,476 217,736 (11,260) (5.2) % 769,321 1,062,183 (292,862) (27.6) %
Other specialty (4) 475,060 285,632 189,428 66.3 % 1,588,136 1,127,952 460,184 40.8 %
Casualty and Specialty segment gross premiums written $ 1,457,444 $ 1,213,194 20.1 % $ 5,299,952 $ 5,479,299 (3.3) %

All values are in US Dollars.

(1) Includes automobile liability, casualty clash, employer’s liability, umbrella or excess casualty, workers’ compensation and general liability.
(2) Includes directors and officers, medical malpractice, professional indemnity and transactional liability.
(3) Includes financial guaranty, mortgage guaranty, political risk, surety and trade credit.
(4) Includes accident and health, agriculture, aviation, cyber, energy, marine, satellite and terrorism. Lines of business such as regional multi-line and whole account may have characteristics of various other classes of business, and are allocated accordingly.
Underwriting and Reserves
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Net Premiums Written
Three months ended Q/Q Change Q/Q % Change Year ended Y/Y Change Y/Y % Change
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Property Segment
Catastrophe $ 27,990 $ 10,115 176.7 % $ 1,710,326 $ 1,209,072 41.5 %
Catastrophe - net reinstatement premiums 30,461 (13,273) 43,734 (329.5) % 32,031 212,326 (180,295) (84.9) %
Total catastrophe net premiums written 58,451 (3,158) 61,609 (1950.9) % 1,742,357 1,421,398 320,959 22.6 %
Other property 303,037 366,604 (63,567) (17.3) % 1,220,807 1,442,166 (221,359) (15.3) %
Other property - net reinstatement premiums (3,535) 9,552 (13,087) (137.0) % 4,145 (15,905) 20,050 (126.1) %
Total other property net premiums written 299,502 376,156 (76,654) (20.4) % 1,224,952 1,426,261 (201,309) (14.1) %
Property segment net premiums written $ 357,953 $ 372,998 (4.0) % $ 2,967,309 $ 2,847,659 4.2 %
Casualty and Specialty Segment
General casualty (1) $ 505,411 $ 301,799 67.5 % $ 1,588,596 $ 1,304,156 21.8 %
Professional liability (2) 215,486 276,390 (60,904) (22.0) % 1,045,262 1,362,595 (317,333) (23.3) %
Credit (3) 80,817 150,942 (70,125) (46.5) % 484,782 744,257 (259,475) (34.9) %
Other specialty (4) 427,380 243,487 183,893 75.5 % 1,381,864 937,493 444,371 47.4 %
Casualty and Specialty segment net premiums written $ 1,229,094 $ 972,618 26.4 % $ 4,500,504 4,348,501 3.5 %

All values are in US Dollars.

(1) Includes automobile liability, casualty clash, employer’s liability, umbrella or excess casualty, workers’ compensation and general liability.
(2) Includes directors and officers, medical malpractice, professional indemnity and transactional liability.
(3) Includes financial guaranty, mortgage guaranty, political risk, surety and trade credit.
(4) Includes accident and health, agriculture, aviation, cyber, energy, marine, satellite and terrorism. Lines of business such as regional multi-line and whole account may have characteristics of various other classes of business, and are allocated accordingly.
Underwriting and Reserves
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Net Premiums Earned
Three months ended Q/Q Change Q/Q % Change Year ended Y/Y Change Y/Y % Change
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Property Segment
Catastrophe $ 494,567 $ 308,635 60.2 % $ 1,677,221 $ 1,148,552 46.0 %
Catastrophe - net reinstatement premiums 30,461 (13,273) 43,734 (329.5) % 32,031 212,326 (180,295) (84.9) %
Total catastrophe net premiums earned 525,028 295,362 229,666 77.8 % 1,709,252 1,360,878 348,374 25.6 %
Other property 362,828 383,324 (20,496) (5.3) % 1,377,395 1,425,254 (47,859) (3.4) %
Other property - net reinstatement premiums (3,535) 9,552 (13,087) (137.0) % 4,145 (15,905) 20,050 (126.1) %
Total other property net premiums earned 359,293 392,876 (33,583) (8.5) % 1,381,540 1,409,349 (27,809) (2.0) %
Property segment net premiums earned $ 884,321 $ 688,238 28.5 % $ 3,090,792 $ 2,770,227 11.6 %
Casualty and Specialty Segment
General casualty (1) $ 496,681 $ 319,592 55.4 % $ 1,510,179 $ 1,210,937 24.7 %
Professional liability (2) 266,674 275,650 (8,976) (3.3) % 1,107,941 1,142,943 (35,002) (3.1) %
Credit (3) 168,029 111,982 56,047 50.1 % 532,646 395,312 137,334 34.7 %
Other specialty (4) 433,740 228,698 205,042 89.7 % 1,229,575 814,570 415,005 50.9 %
Casualty and Specialty segment net premiums earned $ 1,365,124 $ 935,922 45.9 % $ 4,380,341 $ 3,563,762 22.9 %

All values are in US Dollars.

(1) Includes automobile liability, casualty clash, employer’s liability, umbrella or excess casualty, workers’ compensation and general liability.
(2) Includes directors and officers, medical malpractice, professional indemnity and transactional liability.
(3) Includes financial guaranty, mortgage guaranty, political risk, surety and trade credit.
(4) Includes accident and health, agriculture, aviation, cyber, energy, marine, satellite and terrorism. Lines of business such as regional multi-line and whole account may have characteristics of various other classes of business, and are allocated accordingly.
Underwriting and Reserves
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Reserves for Claims and Claim Expenses
Case Reserves Additional Case Reserves IBNR Total
December 31, 2023
Property $ 2,461,580 $ 1,459,010 $ 3,913,030 $ 7,833,620
Casualty and Specialty 2,801,016 203,560 9,648,673 12,653,249
Total (1) $ 5,262,596 $ 1,662,570 $ 13,561,703 $ 20,486,869
December 31, 2022
Property $ 1,956,688 $ 2,008,891 $ 3,570,253 $ 7,535,832
Casualty and Specialty 1,864,365 167,993 6,324,383 8,356,741
Total $ 3,821,053 $ 2,176,884 $ 9,894,636 $ 15,892,573

(1)Included in the Company’s reserves for claims and claim expenses balance at December 31, 2023 is $4.5 billion of gross reserves for claims and claim expenses, at fair value, acquired as a result of the Validus acquisition.

Underwriting and Reserves
Paid to Incurred Analysis
Three months ended December 31, 2023 Three months ended December 31, 2022
Gross Recoveries Net Gross Recoveries Net
Reserve for claims and claim expenses, beginning of period $ 15,955,165 $ 4,253,259 $ 11,701,906 $ 15,662,955 $ 4,969,244 $ 10,693,711
Incurred claims and claim expenses
Current year 1,298,905 163,573 1,135,332 1,184,438 206,615 977,823
Prior years (191,772) (35,962) (155,810) (246,611) (91,725) (154,886)
Total incurred claims and claim expenses 1,107,133 127,611 979,522 937,827 114,890 822,937
Paid claims and claim expenses
Current year 202,466 18,828 183,638 299,294 294,667 4,627
Prior years 961,761 211,576 750,185 584,126 114,832 469,294
Total paid claims and claim expenses 1,164,227 230,404 933,823 883,420 409,499 473,921
Foreign exchange (1) 133,578 58,802 74,776 175,211 36,290 138,921
Amounts acquired (2) 4,455,220 1,135,018 3,320,202
Reserve for claims and claim expenses, end of period $ 20,486,869 $ 5,344,286 $ 15,142,583 $ 15,892,573 $ 4,710,925 $ 11,181,648
Year ended December 31, 2023 Year ended December 31, 2022
Gross Recoveries Net Gross Recoveries Net
Reserve for claims and claim expenses, beginning of period $ 15,892,573 $ 4,710,925 $ 11,181,648 $ 13,294,630 $ 4,268,669 $ 9,025,961
Incurred claims and claim expenses
Current year 4,633,626 609,510 4,024,116 6,283,930 1,697,508 4,586,422
Prior years (683,264) (232,657) (450,607) (432,790) (185,208) (247,582)
Total incurred claims and claim expenses 3,950,362 376,853 3,573,509 5,851,140 1,512,300 4,338,840
Paid claims and claim expenses
Current year 412,404 47,611 364,793 417,906 312,021 105,885
Prior years 3,532,307 901,422 2,630,885 2,661,710 737,439 1,924,271
Total paid claims and claim expenses 3,944,711 949,033 2,995,678 3,079,616 1,049,460 2,030,156
Foreign exchange (1) 133,425 70,523 62,902 (173,581) (20,584) (152,997)
Amounts acquired (2) 4,455,220 1,135,018 3,320,202
Reserve for claims and claim expenses, end of period $ 20,486,869 $ 5,344,286 $ 15,142,583 $ 15,892,573 $ 4,710,925 $ 11,181,648

(1)    Reflects the impact of the foreign exchange revaluation of the reserve for claims and claim expenses, net of reinsurance recoverable, denominated in non-U.S. dollars as at the balance sheet date.

(2)    Represents the fair value of Validus’ reserves for claims and claim expenses, net of reinsurance recoverables, acquired on November 1, 2023.

Managed Joint Ventures and Fee Income
Fee Income

The table below reflects the total fee income earned through third-party capital management as well as various joint ventures and certain structured retrocession agreements to which the Company is a party. Joint ventures include DaVinciRe Holdings Ltd. (“DaVinci”), Top Layer Reinsurance Ltd., Vermeer Reinsurance Ltd. (“Vermeer”), Fontana Holdings L.P. and its subsidiaries (“Fontana”), and certain entities investing in Langhorne Holdings LLC. Managed funds include RenaissanceRe Upsilon Fund Ltd. ("Upsilon Fund") and RenaissanceRe Medici Fund Ltd. (“Medici”), as well as fee income earned by AlphaCat Managers Ltd. ("AlphaCat Managers"). Structured reinsurance products and other include certain reinsurance contracts which transfer risk to capital.

Three months ended Year ended
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Management fee income
Joint ventures $ 32,700 $ 13,377 $ 122,474 $ 56,746
Structured reinsurance products and other 7,078 6,342 27,754 26,592
Managed funds 7,991 6,265 26,371 25,564
Total management fee income 47,769 25,984 176,599 108,902
Performance fee income (loss)
Joint ventures 18,617 1,505 50,656 4,354
Structured reinsurance products and other 4,170 2,391 8,582 4,451
Managed funds 227 467 957 972
Total performance fee income (loss) (1) 23,014 4,363 60,195 9,777
Total fee income $ 70,783 $ 30,347 $ 236,794 $ 118,679

(1)Performance fees are based on the performance of the individual vehicles or products, and may be negative in a particular period if, for example, large losses occur, which can potentially result in no performance fees or the reversal of previously accrued performance fees.

The table below shows how the total fee income described above contributes to the Company’s consolidated results of operations.

Three months ended Year ended
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Fee income contributing to:
Underwriting income (loss) (1) $ 6,234 $ 13,668 $ 34,432 $ 49,946
Earnings from equity method investments (2) (419) 25 (1,423) 94
Redeemable noncontrolling interests (3) 64,968 16,654 203,785 68,639
Total fee income $ 70,783 $ 30,347 $ 236,794 $ 118,679

(1)The fees recorded through underwriting income (loss) are recorded as a reduction (increase) to operating expenses or acquisition expenses.

(2)The fees reflected as earnings from equity method investments are recorded through equity in earnings (losses) of other ventures.

(3)The fee income reflected as redeemable noncontrolling interest is recorded through net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest. A positive number represents the fee income earned from third-party investors in the Company’s Consolidated Managed Joint Ventures (as defined herein). Conversely, a negative number represents a reduction in fee income earned from third-party investors in the Company’s Consolidated Managed Joint Ventures.

Managed Joint Ventures and Fee Income
Fee Income - Five Quarter Trend

The table below reflects the total fee income earned through third-party capital management as well as various joint ventures and certain structured retrocession agreements to which the Company is a party. Joint ventures include DaVinci, Top Layer Reinsurance Ltd., Vermeer, Fontana, and certain entities investing in Langhorne Holdings LLC. Managed funds include Upsilon Fund and Medici. as well as fee income earned by AlphaCat Managers. Structured reinsurance products and other include certain reinsurance contracts which transfer risk to capital.

Three months ended
December 31,<br>2023 September 30,<br>2023 June 30,<br>2023 March 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Management fee income
Joint ventures $ 32,700 $ 31,463 $ 30,313 $ 27,998 $ 13,377
Structured reinsurance products and other 7,078 7,053 6,985 6,638 6,342
Managed funds 7,991 5,970 6,141 6,269 6,265
Total management fee income 47,769 44,486 43,439 40,905 25,984
Performance fee income (loss)
Joint ventures 18,617 17,152 13,132 1,755 1,505
Structured reinsurance products and other 4,170 2,854 (197) 1,755 2,391
Managed funds 227 66 307 357 467
Total performance fee income (loss) (1) 23,014 20,072 13,242 3,867 4,363
Total fee income $ 70,783 $ 64,558 $ 56,681 $ 44,772 $ 30,347

(1)Performance fees are based on the performance of the individual vehicles or products, and may be negative in a particular period if, for example, large losses occur, which can potentially result in no performance fees or the reversal of previously accrued performance fees.

The table below shows how the total fee income described above contributes to the Company’s consolidated results of operations.

Three months ended
December 31,<br>2023 September 30,<br>2023 June 30,<br>2023 March 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Fee income contributing to:
Underwriting income (loss) (1) $ 6,234 $ 6,873 $ 8,184 $ 13,141 $ 13,668
Earnings from equity method investments (2) (419) (446) (417) (141) 25
Redeemable noncontrolling interests (3) 64,968 58,131 48,914 31,772 16,654
Total fee income $ 70,783 $ 64,558 $ 56,681 $ 44,772 $ 30,347

(1)The fees recorded through underwriting income (loss) are recorded as a reduction (increase) to operating expenses or acquisition expenses.

(2)The fees reflected as earnings from equity method investments are recorded through equity in earnings (losses) of other ventures.

(3)The fee income reflected as redeemable noncontrolling interest is recorded through net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest. A positive number represents the fee income earned from third-party investors in the Company’s Consolidated Managed Joint Ventures (as defined herein). Conversely, a negative number represents a reduction in fee income earned from third-party investors in the Company’s Consolidated Managed Joint Ventures.

Managed Joint Ventures and Fee Income
Noncontrolling Interests

The Company consolidates the results of certain of its joint ventures and managed capital vehicles, namely, DaVinci, Medici, Vermeer and Fontana (collectively, the “Consolidated Managed Joint Ventures”), on its consolidated balance sheets and statements of operations. Redeemable noncontrolling interests on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets represents the portion of the net assets of the Consolidated Managed Joint Ventures attributable to third-party investors in these Consolidated Managed Joint Ventures. Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations represents the portion of the (income) loss associated with the Consolidated Managed Joint Ventures included on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations that is allocated to third-party investors in these Consolidated Managed Joint Ventures.

A summary of the redeemable noncontrolling interests on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations is set forth below:

Three months ended Year ended
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Redeemable noncontrolling interests - DaVinci $ (212,322) $ (120,178) $ (545,812) $ 65,514
Redeemable noncontrolling interests - Medici (71,969) (69,131) (239,250) 70,504
Redeemable noncontrolling interests - Vermeer (87,930) (40,587) (239,457) (43,058)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests - Fontana (30,788) (6,501) (34,476) 5,653
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (1) $ (403,009) $ (236,397) $ (1,058,995) $ 98,613
Three months ended Year ended
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Operating (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (2) $ (298,318) $ (207,176) $ (1,039,466) $ (133,163)
Non-operating (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (104,691) (29,221) (19,529) 231,776
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (1) $ (403,009) $ (236,397) $ (1,058,995) $ 98,613

(1)A negative number in the tables above represents net income earned by the Consolidated Managed Joint Ventures allocated to third-party investors. Conversely, a positive number represents net losses incurred by the Consolidated Managed Joint Ventures allocated to third-party investors.

(2)See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

Managed Joint Ventures and Fee Income
Noncontrolling Interests

A summary of the redeemable noncontrolling interests on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet is set forth below:

December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Redeemable noncontrolling interests - DaVinci $ 2,541,482 $ 1,740,300
Redeemable noncontrolling interests - Medici 1,650,229 1,036,218
Redeemable noncontrolling interests - Vermeer 1,555,297 1,490,840
Redeemable noncontrolling interests - Fontana 353,823 268,031
Redeemable noncontrolling interests $ 6,100,831 $ 4,535,389

A summary of the redeemable noncontrolling economic ownership of third parties in the Company’s Consolidated Managed Joint Ventures is set forth below:

December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
DaVinci 72.2 % 69.1 %
Medici 88.3 % 87.2 %
Vermeer 100.0 % 100.0 %
Fontana 68.4 % 68.4 %
Managed Joint Ventures and Fee Income
--- --- --- --- ---
DaVinciRe Holdings Ltd. and Subsidiary Consolidated Statements of Operations
Three months ended Year ended
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Revenues
Gross premiums written $ 35,895 $ 943 $ 1,127,745 $ 915,064
Net premiums written $ 39,438 $ 1,632 $ 1,051,900 $ 845,742
Decrease (increase) in unearned premiums 234,572 177,121 (64,495) (31,289)
Net premiums earned 274,010 178,753 987,405 814,453
Net investment income 58,219 36,844 205,459 88,821
Net foreign exchange gains (losses) (1,355) (3,157) (4,277) 2,005
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 95,875 14,188 38,051 (278,189)
Total revenues 426,749 226,628 1,226,638 627,090
Expenses
Net claims and claim expenses incurred 29,398 17,629 147,243 570,545
Acquisition expenses 67,406 23,876 201,643 86,525
Operational and corporate expenses 31,309 9,389 117,965 53,732
Interest expense 1,859 1,859 7,434 7,434
Total expenses 129,972 52,753 474,285 718,236
Income (loss) before taxes 296,777 173,875 752,353 (91,146)
Income tax benefit (expense) (3,031) 14 (6,280) 9
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to DaVinci common shareholders $ 293,746 $ 173,889 $ 746,073 $ (91,137)
Net claims and claim expenses incurred - current accident year $ 52,758 $ 82,082 $ 261,861 $ 697,746
Net claims and claim expenses incurred - prior accident years (23,360) (64,453) (114,618) (127,201)
Net claims and claim expenses incurred - total $ 29,398 $ 17,629 $ 147,243 $ 570,545
Net claims and claim expense ratio - current accident year 19.3 % 45.9 % 26.5 % 85.7 %
Net claims and claim expense ratio - prior accident years (8.6) % (36.0) % (11.6) % (15.6) %
Net claims and claim expense ratio - calendar year 10.7 % 9.9 % 14.9 % 70.1 %
Underwriting expense ratio 36.1 % 18.6 % 32.4 % 17.2 %
Combined ratio 46.8 % 28.5 % 47.3 % 87.3 %
Investments
--- --- --- --- ---
Total Investment Result
Managed (1) Retained (2)
Three months ended Three months ended
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Fixed maturity investments trading $ 230,437 $ 136,019 $ 187,760 $ 109,600
Short term investments 63,400 23,908 35,113 8,850
Equity investments 586 7,474 586 7,474
Other investments
Catastrophe bonds 57,636 31,441 7,021 4,693
Other 21,874 13,793 21,874 13,793
Cash and cash equivalents 10,114 3,947 9,833 3,640
384,047 216,582 262,187 148,050
Investment expenses (7,085) (5,345) (5,742) (4,106)
Net investment income $ 376,962 $ 211,237 $ 256,445 $ 143,944
Net investment income return - annualized 5.7 % 4.1 % 5.3 % 4.1 %
Net realized gains (losses) on fixed maturity investments trading $ (92,952) $ (110,762) $ (87,840) $ (87,817)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity investments trading 671,088 187,900 570,440 149,844
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investment-related derivatives (45,977) (3,347) (39,745) (1,321)
Net realized gains (losses) on equity investments 11 4,397 11 4,397
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity investments 11,204 55,251 11,229 55,356
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other investments - catastrophe bonds 7,111 29,578 838 3,385
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other investments - other 35,454 5,122 35,454 5,122
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 585,939 168,139 490,387 128,966
Total investment result $ 962,901 $ 379,376 $ 746,832 $ 272,910
Average invested assets $ 27,591,391 $ 21,556,792 $ 19,205,096 $ 14,326,726
Total investment return - annualized 15.2 % 7.4 % 16.5 % 7.8 %

(1)“Managed” represents the consolidated total investment result, which is comprised of net investment income and net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments as presented on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

(2)“Retained” represents the consolidated total investment result, less the portions attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds. See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

Investments
Total Investment Result
Managed (1) Retained (2)
Year ended Year ended
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Fixed maturity investments trading $ 744,457 $ 382,165 $ 593,886 $ 315,894
Short term investments 213,303 41,042 111,977 15,686
Equity investments 7,261 20,864 7,261 20,864
Other investments
Catastrophe bonds 200,572 94,784 26,202 14,072
Other 87,296 37,497 87,296 37,497
Cash and cash equivalents 23,123 5,197 22,077 4,777
1,276,012 581,549 848,699 408,790
Investment expenses (22,902) (21,617) (18,166) (17,083)
Net investment income $ 1,253,110 $ 559,932 $ 830,533 $ 391,707
Net investment income return - annualized 5.3 % 2.7 % 4.9 % 2.8 %
Net realized gains (losses) on fixed maturity investments trading $ (393,041) $ (732,561) $ (337,981) $ (600,400)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity investments trading 685,095 (636,762) 588,764 (566,272)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investment-related derivatives (68,272) (165,293) (66,118) (164,838)
Net realized gains (losses) on equity investments (27,492) 43,035 (27,492) 43,035
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity investments 73,243 (166,823) 73,271 (166,720)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other investments - catastrophe bonds 101,897 (130,335) 12,229 (18,029)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other investments - other 43,092 (11,746) 43,092 (11,746)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 414,522 (1,800,485) 285,765 (1,484,970)
Total investment result $ 1,667,632 $ (1,240,553) $ 1,116,298 $ (1,093,263)
Average invested assets $ 25,229,892 $ 21,201,054 $ 17,120,684 $ 14,230,698
Total investment return - annualized 6.9 % (5.7) % 6.5 % (7.7) %

(1)“Managed” represents the consolidated total investment result, which is comprised of net investment income and net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments as presented on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

(2)“Retained” represents the consolidated total investment result, less the portions attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds. See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

Investments
Investments Composition December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Managed (1) Retained (2) Managed (1) Retained (2)
Type of Investment Fair value Unrealized gain (loss) Fair value Unrealized gain (loss) Fair value Unrealized gain (loss) Fair value Unrealized gain (loss)
Fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value
U.S. treasuries $ 10,060,203 $ 66,743 $ 8,013,451 $ 49,476 $ 7,180,129 $ (186,451) $ 5,772,302 $ (168,146)
Corporate (3) 6,499,075 (41,016) 5,340,330 (54,622) 4,390,568 (331,461) 3,392,129 (300,245)
Other (4) 4,317,830 (21,069) 3,738,758 (4,321) 2,780,705 (169,237) 2,339,897 (140,789)
Total fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value 20,877,108 4,658 17,092,539 (9,467) 14,351,402 (687,149) 11,504,328 (609,180)
Short term investments, at fair value 4,604,079 739 1,624,407 718 4,669,272 (2,309) 1,131,408 (817)
Equity investments, at fair value 106,766 62,660 106,562 62,673 625,058 (10,590) 624,870 (10,600)
Other investments, at fair value
Catastrophe bonds 1,942,199 (76,684) 250,384 (36,995) 1,241,468 (182,798) 209,114 (51,841)
Fund investments 1,415,804 184,744 1,415,804 184,744 1,086,706 111,423 1,086,706 111,423
Term loans 97,658 97,658 100,000 100,000
Direct private equity investments 59,905 (38,359) 59,905 (38,359) 66,780 (31,484) 66,780 (31,484)
Total other investments, at fair value 3,515,566 69,701 1,823,751 109,390 2,494,954 (102,859) 1,462,600 28,098
Investments in other ventures, under equity method 112,624 112,624 79,750 79,750
Total investments $ 29,216,143 $ 137,758 $ 20,759,883 $ 163,314 $ 22,220,436 $ (802,907) $ 14,802,956 $ (592,499)
December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Managed (1) Retained (2) Managed (1) Retained (2)
Weighted average yield to maturity of investments (5) 5.8 % 5.4 % 5.7 % 5.6 %
Average duration of investments, in years (5) 2.6 3.2 2.5 3.2
Unrealized gain (loss) on total fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value, per common share (6) $ (0.18) $ (13.93)

(1)“Managed” represents the consolidated total investments as presented on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

(2)“Retained” represents the consolidated total investments, less the portions attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds. See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

(3)Corporate fixed maturity investments include non-U.S. government-backed corporate fixed maturity investments.

(4)Includes agencies, non-U.S. government, residential mortgage-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities within the Company's fixed maturity investments trading portfolio.

(5)Excludes equity investments, at fair value, direct private equity investments, private equity funds and investments in other ventures, under equity method as these investments have no final maturity, yield to maturity or duration.

(6)Represents the impact to book value per common share of the unrealized gain (loss) on total fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value. See "Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures" for reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

Investments
Managed Investments - Credit Rating (1)
Credit Rating (2) Investments not subject to credit ratings
December 31, 2023 Fair value AAA AA A BBB Non-<br>Investment<br>grade Not rated
Fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value
U.S. treasuries $ 10,060,203 $ $ 10,060,203 $ $ $ $ $
Corporate (3) 6,499,075 161,076 395,251 2,340,818 2,494,723 1,097,461 9,746
Agencies 489,117 488,217 900
Non-U.S. government 483,576 305,635 159,461 12,866 5,614
Residential mortgage-backed 1,420,362 208,069 1,051,075 1,042 8,267 82,880 69,029
Commercial mortgage-backed 433,080 381,613 42,459 4,222 1,240 3,546
Asset-backed 1,491,695 1,125,320 246,742 93,268 15,901 864 9,600
Total fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value 20,877,108 2,181,713 12,443,408 2,452,216 2,524,505 1,182,445 92,821
Short term investments, at fair value 4,604,079 4,258,276 155,789 106,876 76,067 2,480 4,591
Equity investments, at fair value 106,766 106,766
Other investments, at fair value
Catastrophe bonds 1,942,199 1,942,199
Fund investments:
Private credit funds 982,016 982,016
Private equity funds 433,788 433,788
Term loans 97,658 97,658
Direct private equity investments 59,905 59,905
Total other investments, at fair value 3,515,566 97,658 1,942,199 1,475,709
Investments in other ventures, under equity method 112,624 112,624
Total investments $ 29,216,143 $ 6,439,989 $ 12,599,197 $ 2,656,750 $ 2,600,572 $ 3,127,124 $ 97,412 $ 1,695,099
100.0 % 22.0 % 43.1 % 9.1 % 8.9 % 10.7 % 0.3 % 5.8 %

(1)“Managed” represents the consolidated total investments as presented on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

(2)The credit ratings included in this table are those assigned by Standard & Poor’s Corporation (“S&P”). When ratings provided by S&P were not available, ratings from other recognized rating agencies were used. The Company has grouped short term investments with an A-1+ and A-1 short term issue credit rating as AAA, short term investments with an A-2 short term issue credit rating as AA and short term investments with an A-3 short term issue credit rating as A.

(3)Corporate fixed maturity investments include non-U.S. government-backed corporate fixed maturity investments.

Investments
Retained Investments - Credit Rating (1)
Credit Rating (2) Investments not subject to credit ratings
December 31, 2023 Fair value AAA AA A BBB Non-<br>Investment<br>grade Not rated
Fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value
U.S. treasuries $ 8,013,451 $ $ 8,013,451 $ $ $ $ $
Corporate (3) 5,340,330 125,544 350,450 1,971,028 1,945,837 938,716 8,755
Agencies 369,599 368,699 900
Non-U.S. government 429,476 274,662 136,334 12,866 5,614
Residential mortgage-backed 1,173,894 182,910 831,164 1,042 8,267 82,880 67,631
Commercial mortgage-backed 360,716 317,861 33,847 4,222 1,240 3,546
Asset-backed 1,405,073 1,040,024 246,386 92,298 15,901 864 9,600
Total fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value 17,092,539 1,941,001 9,980,331 2,081,456 1,975,619 1,023,700 90,432
Short term investments, at fair value 1,624,407 1,310,385 124,204 106,876 76,067 2,284 4,591
Equity investments, at fair value 106,562 106,562
Other investments, at fair value
Catastrophe bonds 250,384 250,384
Fund investments:
Private credit funds 982,016 982,016
Private equity funds 433,788 433,788
Term loans 97,658 97,658
Direct private equity investments 59,905 59,905
Total other investments, at fair value 1,823,751 97,658 250,384 1,475,709
Investments in other ventures, under equity method 112,624 112,624
Total investments $ 20,759,883 $ 3,251,386 $ 10,104,535 $ 2,285,990 $ 2,051,686 $ 1,276,368 $ 95,023 $ 1,694,895
100.0 % 15.7 % 48.7 % 11.0 % 9.9 % 6.1 % 0.5 % 8.2 %

(1)“Retained” represents the consolidated total investments, less the portions attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds. See “Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures.

(2)The credit ratings included in this table are those assigned by Standard & Poor’s Corporation (“S&P”). When ratings provided by S&P were not available, ratings from other recognized rating agencies were used. The Company has grouped short term investments with an A-1+ and A-1 short term issue credit rating as AAA, short term investments with an A-2 short term issue credit rating as AA and short term investments with an A-3 short term issue credit rating as A.

(3)Corporate fixed maturity investments include non-U.S. government-backed corporate fixed maturity investments.

Other Items
Earnings per Share
Three months ended Year ended
(common shares in thousands) December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Numerator:
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ 1,576,682 $ 448,092 $ 2,525,757 $ (1,096,578)
Amount allocated to participating common shareholders (1) (22,580) (7,431) (37,308) (1,079)
Net income (loss) allocated to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ 1,554,102 $ 440,661 $ 2,488,449 $ (1,097,657)
Denominator:
Denominator for basic income (loss) per RenaissanceRe common share - weighted average common shares (2) 50,937 42,795 47,493 43,040
Per common share equivalents of non-vested shares (2) 135 119 114
Denominator for diluted income (loss) per RenaissanceRe common share - adjusted weighted average common shares and assumed conversions (2) 51,072 42,914 47,607 43,040
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - basic $ 30.51 $ 10.30 $ 52.40 $ (25.50)
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted $ 30.43 $ 10.27 $ 52.27 $ (25.50)

(1)Represents earnings and dividends attributable to holders of unvested shares issued pursuant to the Company’s stock compensation plans.

(2)In periods for which the Company has net loss allocated to RenaissanceRe common shareholders, the denominator used in calculating net loss attributable to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - basic is also used in calculating net loss attributable to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted.

Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to the GAAP financial measures set forth in this Financial Supplement, the Company has included certain non-GAAP financial measures within the meaning of Regulation G. The Company has provided certain of these financial measures in previous investor communications and the Company’s management believes that such measures are important to investors and other interested persons, and that investors and such other persons benefit from having a consistent basis for comparison between quarters and for comparison with other companies within or outside the industry. These measures may not, however, be comparable to similarly titled measures used by companies within or outside of the insurance industry. Investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these non-GAAP measures in assessing the Company’s overall financial performance.

Operating Income (Loss) Available (Attributable) to RenaissanceRe Common Shareholders and Operating Return on Average Common Equity - Annualized

The Company uses “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders” as a measure to evaluate the underlying fundamentals of its operations and believes it to be a useful measure of its corporate performance. “Operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders” as used herein differs from “net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders,” which the Company believes is the most directly comparable GAAP measure, by the exclusion of (1) net realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments, excluding other investments - catastrophe bonds, (2) net foreign exchange gains and losses, (3) corporate expenses associated with acquisitions and dispositions, (4) acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments, (5) the Bermuda net deferred tax asset, (6) the income tax expense or benefit associated with these adjustments, and (7) the portion of these adjustments attributable to the Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interests. The Company updated its calculation of “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders” to exclude “acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments” because it believes that excluding the impact of acquisition related accounting adjustments provides more comparability and a more accurate measure of the Company’s results of operations. The Company also uses “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders” to calculate “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted” and “operating return on average common equity - annualized.”

The Company’s management believes that “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders,” “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted” and “operating return on average common equity - annualized” are useful to management and investors because they provide for more comparability among peers and more accurately measure and predict the Company’s results of operations by removing the variability arising from the listed adjustments.

The following table is a reconciliation of: (1) net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders to “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders”; (2) net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted to “operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted”; and (3) return on average common equity - annualized to “operating return on average common equity - annualized.” Comparative information for the prior periods presented have been updated to conform to the current methodology and presentation.

Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures
Three months ended
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ 1,576,682 $ 448,092
Adjustment for:
Net realized and unrealized losses (gains) on investments, excluding other investments - catastrophe bonds (578,828) (138,561)
Net foreign exchange losses (gains) (12,398) (10,781)
Corporate expenses associated with acquisitions and dispositions 61,666
Acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (1) 52,812 (18)
Bermuda net deferred tax asset (2) (593,765)
Income tax expense (benefit) (3) 12,250 (5,818)
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (4) 104,691 29,221
Operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ 623,110 $ 322,135
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted $ 30.43 $ 10.27
Adjustment for:
Net realized and unrealized losses (gains) on investments, excluding other investments - catastrophe bonds (11.33) (3.23)
Net foreign exchange losses (gains) (0.24) (0.25)
Corporate expenses associated with acquisitions and dispositions 1.21
Acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (1) 1.04
Bermuda net deferred tax asset (2) (11.63)
Income tax expense (benefit) (3) 0.24 (0.14)
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (4) 2.05 0.68
Operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted $ 11.77 $ 7.33
Return on average common equity - annualized 83.5 % 41.2 %
Adjustment for:
Net realized and unrealized losses (gains) on investments, excluding other investments - catastrophe bonds (30.6) % (12.8) %
Net foreign exchange losses (gains) (0.7) % (1.0) %
Corporate expenses associated with acquisitions and dispositions 3.3 % %
Acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (1) 2.8 % %
Bermuda net deferred tax asset (2) (31.4) % %
Income tax expense (benefit) (3) 0.6 % (0.5) %
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (4) 5.5 % 2.7 %
Operating return on average common equity - annualized 33.0 % 29.6 %

(1)Represents the purchase accounting adjustments related to the amortization of acquisition related intangible assets, amortization (accretion) of VOBA and acquisition costs, and the fair value adjustments to the net reserves for claims and claim expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2023 for the acquisitions of Validus $48.8 million (2022 - $Nil); and TMR and Platinum $4.0 million (2022 - $(18.0) thousand).

(2)Represents the net deferred tax benefit resulting from the recognition of deferred tax assets net of deferred tax liabilities in connection with a 15% Bermuda corporate income tax rate, pursuant to the Corporate Income Tax Act 2023, enacted on December 27, 2023.

(3)Represents the income tax (expense) benefit associated with the adjustments to net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders. The income tax impact is estimated by applying the statutory rates of applicable jurisdictions, after consideration of other relevant factors.

(4)Represents the portion of the adjustments above that are attributable to the Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interests, including the income tax impact of those adjustments.

Year ended
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ 2,525,757 $ (1,096,578)
Adjustment for:
Net realized and unrealized losses (gains) on investments, excluding other investments - catastrophe bonds (312,625) 1,670,150
Net foreign exchange losses (gains) 41,479 56,909
Corporate expenses associated with acquisitions and dispositions 76,380
Acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (1) 64,866 7,235
Bermuda net deferred tax asset (2) (593,765)
Income tax expense (benefit) (3) 3,289 (83,149)
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (4) 19,529 (231,776)
Operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders $ 1,824,910 $ 322,791
Net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted $ 52.27 $ (25.50)
Adjustment for:
Net realized and unrealized losses (gains) on investments, excluding other investments - catastrophe bonds (6.57) 38.80
Net foreign exchange losses (gains) 0.87 1.32
Corporate expenses associated with acquisitions and dispositions 1.60
Adjustment for acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (1) 1.36 0.17
Bermuda net deferred tax asset (2) (12.47)
Income tax expense (benefit) (3) 0.07 (1.93)
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (4) 0.41 (5.39)
Operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders per common share - diluted $ 37.54 $ 7.47
Return on average common equity - annualized 40.5 % (22.0) %
Adjustment for:
Net realized and unrealized losses (gains) on investments, excluding other investments - catastrophe bonds (5.0) % 33.5 %
Net foreign exchange losses (gains) 0.7 % 1.1 %
Corporate expenses associated with acquisitions and dispositions 1.2 % %
Adjustment for acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (1) 1.0 % 0.1 %
Bermuda net deferred tax asset (2) (9.5) % %
Income tax expense (benefit) (3) 0.1 % (1.7) %
Net income (loss) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (4) 0.3 % (4.6) %
Operating return on average common equity - annualized 29.3 % 6.4 %

(1)Represents the purchase accounting adjustments related to the amortization of acquisition related intangible assets, amortization (accretion) of VOBA and acquisition costs, and the fair value adjustments to the net reserves for claims and claim expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, for the acquisitions of Validus $48.8 million (2022 - $Nil); and TMR and Platinum $16.1 million (2022 - $7.2 million).

(2)Represents the net deferred tax benefit resulting from the recognition of deferred tax assets net of deferred tax liabilities in connection with a 15% Bermuda corporate income tax rate, pursuant to the Corporate Income Tax Act 2023, enacted on December 27, 2023.

(3)Represents the income tax (expense) benefit associated with the adjustments to net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders. The income tax impact is estimated by applying the statutory rates of applicable jurisdictions, after consideration of other relevant factors.

(4)Represents the portion of the adjustments above that are attributable to the Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interests, including the income tax impact of those adjustments.

Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Tangible Book Value Per Common Share and Tangible Book Value Per Common Share Plus Accumulated Dividends

The Company has included in this Financial Supplement “tangible book value per common share” and “tangible book value per common share plus accumulated dividends.” “Tangible book value per common share” is defined as book value per common share excluding per share amounts for (1) acquisition related goodwill and other intangible assets, (2) acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments, and (3) other goodwill and intangible assets. “Tangible book value per common share plus accumulated dividends” is defined as book value per common share excluding per share amounts for (1) acquisition related goodwill and other intangible assets, (2) acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments, and (3) other goodwill and intangible assets, plus accumulated dividends. The Company updated its calculation of “tangible book value per common share” to exclude “acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments” because it believes that excluding the impact of acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments provides more comparability and a more accurate measure of the Company’s realizable returns.

The Company’s management believes “tangible book value per common share” and “tangible book value per common share plus accumulated dividends” are useful to investors because they provide a more accurate measure of the realizable value of shareholder returns, excluding the impact of goodwill and intangible assets and acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments. The following table is a reconciliation of book value per common share to “tangible book value per common share” and “tangible book value per common share plus accumulated dividends.” Comparative information for the prior periods presented have been updated to conform to the current methodology and presentation.

December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Book value per common share $ 165.20 $ 104.65
Adjustment for:
Acquisition related goodwill and other intangible assets (1) (14.71) (5.44)
Other goodwill and intangible assets (2) (0.35) (0.40)
Acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (3) (8.27) (1.66)
Tangible book value per common share 141.87 97.15
Adjustment for accumulated dividends 26.52 25.00
Tangible book value per common share plus accumulated dividends $ 168.39 $ 122.15
Year to date change in book value per common share 57.9 % (20.8) %
Year to date change in book value per common share plus change in accumulated dividends 59.3 % (19.7) %
Year to date change in tangible book value per common share plus change in accumulated dividends 47.6 % (20.8) %

(1)Represents the acquired goodwill and other intangible assets at December 31, 2023 for the acquisitions of Validus $542.7 million (2022 - $Nil), TMR $27.2 million (2022 - $28.3 million) and Platinum $205.5 million (2022 - $209.6 million).

(2)At December 31, 2023, the adjustment for goodwill and other intangibles included $18.1 million (2022 - $17.8 million) of goodwill and other intangibles included in investments in other ventures, under equity method. Previously reported “adjustment for goodwill and other intangibles” has been bifurcated into “acquisition related goodwill and other intangible assets” and “other goodwill and intangible assets.”

(3)Represents the purchase accounting adjustments related to the unamortized VOBA and acquisition costs, and the fair value adjustments to reserves at December 31, 2023 for the acquisitions of Validus $374.4 million (2022 - $Nil), TMR $62.2 million (2022 - $73.4 million) and Platinum $(0.8) million (2022 - $(1.0) million).

Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Adjusted Combined Ratio

The Company has included in this Financial Supplement “adjusted combined ratio." “Adjusted combined ratio” is defined as the combined ratio adjusted for the impact of acquisition related purchase accounting, which includes the amortization of acquisition related intangible assets, purchase accounting adjustments related to the amortization (accretion) of VOBA and acquisition costs, and the fair value adjustments to the net reserve for claims and claim expenses for the acquisitions of Validus, TMR and Platinum. The combined ratio is calculated as the sum of (1) net claims and claim expenses incurred, (2) acquisition expenses, and (3) operational expenses; divided by net premiums earned. The acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments impact net claims and claim expenses incurred and acquisition expenses. The Company’s management believes “adjusted combined ratio” is useful to management and investors because it provides for better comparability and more accurately measures the Company’s underlying underwriting performance. The following table is a reconciliation of combined ratio to “adjusted combined ratio.”

Three months ended December 31, 2023
Catastrophe Other<br>Property Property Casualty and Specialty Total
Combined ratio 17.8 % 79.9 % 43.1 % 97.3 % 76.0 %
Adjustment for acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (1) (2.0) % (0.5) % (1.4) % (3.0) % (2.4) %
Adjusted combined ratio 15.8 % 79.4 % 41.7 % 94.3 % 73.6 %
Three months ended December 31, 2022
Catastrophe Other<br>Property Property Casualty and Specialty Total
Combined ratio 25.2 % 90.8 % 62.6 % 93.7 % 80.5 %
Adjustment for acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (1) (1.0) % % (0.4) % 0.3 % 0.1 %
Adjusted combined ratio 24.2 % 90.8 % 62.2 % 94.0 % 80.6 %
Year ended December 31, 2023
Catastrophe Other<br>Property Property Casualty and Specialty Total
Combined ratio 29.8 % 82.6 % 53.4 % 95.2 % 77.9 %
Adjustment for acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (1) (0.7) % (0.2) % (0.5) % (1.0) % (0.8) %
Adjusted combined ratio 29.1 % 82.4 % 52.9 % 94.2 % 77.1 %
Year ended December 31, 2022
Catastrophe Other<br>Property Property Casualty and Specialty Total
Combined ratio 88.3 % 112.4 % 100.6 % 95.3 % 97.7 %
Adjustment for acquisition related purchase accounting adjustments (1) (0.4) % % (0.2) % % (0.2) %
Adjusted combined ratio 87.9 % 112.4 % 100.4 % 95.3 % 97.5 %

(1)Adjustment for acquisition related purchase accounting includes the amortization of the acquisition related intangible assets and purchase accounting adjustments related to the net amortization (accretion) of VOBA and acquisition costs, and the fair value adjustments to the net reserve for claims and claim expenses for the acquisitions of Validus, TMR and Platinum.

Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Retained Total Investment Result

The Company has included in this Financial Supplement “retained total investment result.” “Retained total investment result" is defined as the consolidated total investment result less the portions attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds. “Retained total investment result” differs from consolidated total investment result, which the Company believes is the most directly comparable GAAP measure, due to the exclusion of the portions of the consolidated total investment result attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds. The Company’s management believes “retained total investment result” is useful to investors because it provides a measure of the portion of the Company’s investment result that impacts net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders. The following table is a reconciliation of consolidated total investment result to “retained total investment result.”

Three months ended December 31, 2023 Three months ended December 31, 2022
Managed (1) Adjustment (2) Retained (3) Managed (1) Adjustment (2) Retained (3)
Fixed maturity investments trading $ 230,437 $ (42,677) $ 187,760 $ 136,019 $ (26,419) $ 109,600
Short term investments 63,400 (28,287) 35,113 23,908 (15,058) 8,850
Equity investments 586 586 7,474 7,474
Other investments
Catastrophe bonds 57,636 (50,615) 7,021 31,441 (26,748) 4,693
Other 21,874 21,874 13,793 13,793
Cash and cash equivalents 10,114 (281) 9,833 3,947 (307) 3,640
384,047 (121,860) 262,187 216,582 (68,532) 148,050
Investment expenses (7,085) 1,343 (5,742) (5,345) 1,239 (4,106)
Net investment income $ 376,962 $ (120,517) $ 256,445 $ 211,237 $ (67,293) $ 143,944
Net investment income return - annualized 5.7 % (0.4) % 5.3 % 4.1 % 0.0 % 4.1 %
Net realized gains (losses) on fixed maturity investments trading $ (92,952) $ 5,112 $ (87,840) $ (110,762) $ 22,945 $ (87,817)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity investments trading 671,088 (100,648) 570,440 187,900 (38,056) 149,844
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investment-related derivatives (45,977) 6,232 (39,745) (3,347) 2,026 (1,321)
Net realized gains (losses) on equity investments 11 11 4,397 4,397
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity investments 11,204 25 11,229 55,251 105 55,356
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other investments - catastrophe bonds 7,111 (6,273) 838 29,578 (26,193) 3,385
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other investments - other 35,454 35,454 5,122 5,122
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 585,939 (95,552) 490,387 168,139 (39,173) 128,966
Total investment result $ 962,901 $ (216,069) $ 746,832 $ 379,376 $ (106,466) $ 272,910
Average invested assets $ 27,591,391 $ (8,386,295) $ 19,205,096 $ 21,556,792 $ (7,230,066) $ 14,326,726
Total investment return - annualized 15.2 % 1.3 % 16.5 % 7.4 % 0.4 % 7.8 %

(1)“Managed” represents the consolidated total investment result, which is comprised of net investment income and net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments as presented on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

(2)Adjustment for the portions of the consolidated total investment result attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds.

(3)“Retained” represents the consolidated total investment result, less the portions attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds.

Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Retained Total Investment Result

Year ended December 31, 2023 Year ended December 31, 2022
Managed (1) Adjustment (2) Retained (3) Managed (1) Adjustment (2) Retained (3)
Fixed maturity investments trading $ 744,457 $ (150,571) $ 593,886 $ 382,165 $ (66,271) $ 315,894
Short term investments 213,303 (101,326) 111,977 41,042 (25,356) 15,686
Equity investments 7,261 7,261 20,864 20,864
Other investments
Catastrophe bonds 200,572 (174,370) 26,202 94,784 (80,712) 14,072
Other 87,296 87,296 37,497 37,497
Cash and cash equivalents 23,123 (1,046) 22,077 5,197 (420) 4,777
1,276,012 (427,313) 848,699 581,549 (172,759) 408,790
Investment expenses (22,902) 4,736 (18,166) (21,617) 4,534 (17,083)
Net investment income $ 1,253,110 $ (422,577) $ 830,533 $ 559,932 $ (168,225) $ 391,707
Net investment income return - annualized 5.3 % (0.4) % 4.9 % 2.7 % 0.1 % 2.8 %
Net realized gains (losses) on fixed maturity investments trading $ (393,041) $ 55,060 $ (337,981) $ (732,561) $ 132,161 $ (600,400)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on fixed maturity investments trading 685,095 (96,331) 588,764 (636,762) 70,490 (566,272)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investment-related derivatives (68,272) 2,154 (66,118) (165,293) 455 (164,838)
Net realized gains (losses) on equity investments (27,492) (27,492) 43,035 43,035
Net unrealized gains (losses) on equity investments 73,243 28 73,271 (166,823) 103 (166,720)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other investments - catastrophe bonds 101,897 (89,668) 12,229 (130,335) 112,306 (18,029)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on other investments - other 43,092 43,092 (11,746) (11,746)
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments 414,522 (128,757) 285,765 (1,800,485) 315,515 (1,484,970)
Total investment result $ 1,667,632 $ (551,334) $ 1,116,298 $ (1,240,553) $ 147,290 $ (1,093,263)
Average invested assets $ 25,229,892 $ (8,109,208) $ 17,120,684 $ 21,201,054 $ (6,970,356) $ 14,230,698
Total investment return - annualized 6.9 % (0.4) % 6.5 % (5.7) % (2.0) % (7.7) %

(1)“Managed” represents the consolidated total investment result, which is comprised of net investment income and net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments as presented on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

(2)Adjustment for the portions of the consolidated total investment result attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds.

(3)“Retained” represents the consolidated total investment result, less the portions attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds.

Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Retained Total Investments

The Company has included in this Financial Supplement “retained total investments.” “Retained total investments” is defined as the consolidated total investments, less the portions attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds. “Retained total investments” differs from consolidated total investments, which the Company believes is the most directly comparable GAAP measure, due to the exclusion of portions of the consolidated total investments attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds. The Company’s management believes the “retained total investments” is useful to investors because it provides a measure of the portion of the Company’s total investments that impacts the investment result included in net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders. The following table is a reconciliation of consolidated total investments to "retained total investments."

December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
Managed (1) Adjustment (2) Retained (3) Managed (1) Adjustment (2) Retained (3)
Fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value
U.S. treasuries $ 10,060,203 $ (2,046,752) $ 8,013,451 $ 7,180,129 $ (1,407,827) $ 5,772,302
Corporate (4) 6,499,075 (1,158,745) 5,340,330 4,390,568 (998,439) 3,392,129
Agencies 489,117 (119,518) 369,599 395,149 (81,312) 313,837
Non-U.S. government 483,576 (54,100) 429,476 383,838 (51,582) 332,256
Residential mortgage-backed 1,420,362 (246,468) 1,173,894 710,429 (192,368) 518,061
Commercial mortgage-backed 433,080 (72,364) 360,716 213,987 (64,006) 149,981
Asset-backed 1,491,695 (86,622) 1,405,073 1,077,302 (51,540) 1,025,762
Total fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value 20,877,108 (3,784,569) 17,092,539 14,351,402 (2,847,074) 11,504,328
Short term investments, at fair value 4,604,079 (2,979,672) 1,624,407 4,669,272 (3,537,864) 1,131,408
Equity investments, at fair value 106,766 (204) 106,562 625,058 (188) 624,870
Other investments, at fair value
Catastrophe bonds 1,942,199 (1,691,815) 250,384 1,241,468 (1,032,354) 209,114
Fund investments:
Private credit funds 982,016 982,016 771,383 771,383
Private equity funds 433,788 433,788 315,323 315,323
Term loans 97,658 97,658 100,000 100,000
Direct private equity investments 59,905 59,905 66,780 66,780
Total other investments, at fair value 3,515,566 (1,691,815) 1,823,751 2,494,954 (1,032,354) 1,462,600
Investments in other ventures, under equity method 112,624 112,624 79,750 79,750
Total investments $ 29,216,143 $ (8,456,260) $ 20,759,883 $ 22,220,436 $ (7,417,480) $ 14,802,956

(1)“Managed” represents the consolidated total investments as presented on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Adjustment for the portions of the consolidated total investments attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds.

(3)“Retained” represents the consolidated total investments, less the portions attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds.

(4)Corporate fixed maturity investments include non-U.S. government-backed corporate fixed maturity investments.

Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Retained Total Investments, Unrealized Gain (Loss)

The Company has included in this Financial Supplement “retained total investments, unrealized gain (loss).” “Retained total investments, unrealized gain (loss)” is defined as the unrealized gain (loss) of the consolidated total investments, less the portions attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds. Unrealized gain (loss) of the consolidated total investments is the difference between fair value and amortized cost or equivalent of the respective investments as at the balance sheet date. “Retained total investments, unrealized gain (loss)” differs from the unrealized gain (loss) of the consolidated total investments, which the Company believes is the most directly comparable GAAP measure, due to the exclusion of portions of the consolidated total investments attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds. The Company’s management believes the “retained total investments, unrealized gain (loss)” is useful to investors because it provides a measure of the portion of the unrealized gain (loss) of investments in the Company’s consolidated total investments that is available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders. The following table is a reconciliation of the total unrealized gain (loss) of investments, to “retained total investments, unrealized gain (loss)”.

December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
Unrealized gain (loss) - managed (1) Adjustment (2) Unrealized gain (loss) - retained (3) Unrealized gain (loss) - managed (1) Adjustment (2) Unrealized gain (loss) - retained (3)
Type of Investment
Fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value
U.S. treasuries $ 66,743 $ (17,267) $ 49,476 $ (186,451) $ 18,305 $ (168,146)
Corporate (4) (41,016) (13,606) (54,622) (331,461) 31,216 (300,245)
Other (5) (21,069) 16,748 (4,321) (169,237) 28,448 (140,789)
Total fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value 4,658 (14,125) (9,467) (687,149) 77,969 (609,180)
Short term investments, at fair value 739 (21) 718 (2,309) 1,492 (817)
Equity investments, at fair value 62,660 13 62,673 (10,590) (10) (10,600)
Other investments, at fair value
Catastrophe bonds (76,684) 39,689 (36,995) (182,798) 130,957 (51,841)
Fund investments 184,744 184,744 111,423 111,423
Direct private equity investments (38,359) (38,359) (31,484) (31,484)
Total other investments, at fair value 69,701 39,689 109,390 (102,859) 130,957 28,098
Total investments $ 137,758 $ 25,556 $ 163,314 $ (802,907) $ 210,408 $ (592,499)
Unrealized gain (loss) on total fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value, per common share (6) $ (0.18) $ (13.93)

(1)“Managed” represents the consolidated total investments as presented on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Adjustment for the portions of the consolidated total investments attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds.

(3)“Retained” represents the consolidated total investments, less the portions attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds.

(4)Corporate fixed maturity investments include non-U.S. government-backed corporate fixed maturity investments.

(5)Includes agencies, non-U.S. government, residential mortgage-backed, commercial mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities within the Company's fixed maturity investments trading portfolio.

(6)Represents the impact to book value per common share of the unrealized gain (loss) on total fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value, of [$9.5 million] and $609.2 million at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Book value per common share is calculated net of redeemable noncontrolling interests and third-party investors in certain joint ventures and managed funds. Accordingly, there is no corresponding managed metric for the unrealized gain (loss) on total fixed maturity investments trading, at fair value, per common share.

Comments on Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Operating (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests

The Company has included in this Financial Supplement “operating (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests.” “Operating (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests” is defined as net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests as adjusted for the portion of the adjustments to the Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interests which are excluded from net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders in calculating the Company’s operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders. The Company’s management believes that “operating (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests” is useful to investors because it provides additional information on the operations and financial results of the Company’s Managed Joint Ventures and how noncontrolling interests impact the Company’s results. The following table is a reconciliation of net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests, the most directly comparable GAAP measure, to "operating (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests.”

Three months ended Year ended
December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022 December 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
Net (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (1) $ (403,009) $ (236,397) $ (1,058,995) $ 98,613
Adjustment for the portion of net realized and unrealized losses (gains) on investments, excluding other investments - catastrophe bonds attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (87,882) (12,996) (38,476) 203,172
Adjustment for the portion of net foreign exchange losses (gains) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (16,809) (16,225) 18,947 28,604
Adjustment for non-operating (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests (2) (104,691) (29,221) (19,529) 231,776
Operating (income) loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests $ (298,318) $ (207,176) $ (1,039,466) $ (133,163)

(1)A negative number in the table above represents net income earned by the Consolidated Managed Joint Ventures allocated to third-party investors. Conversely, a positive number represents net losses incurred by the Consolidated Managed Joint Ventures allocated to third-party investors.

(2)Represents the total portion of adjustments attributable to the Company’s redeemable noncontrolling interests which are excluded from net income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders when calculating the Company’s operating income (loss) available (attributable) to RenaissanceRe common shareholders. These adjustments include (1) net realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments, excluding other investments - catastrophe bonds and (2) net foreign exchange gains and losses.

38