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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
---

RAYONIER INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

North Carolina	1-6780	13-2607329
(State or other Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(Commission File Number)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

Rayonier, L.P.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	333-237246	91-1313292
(State or other Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(Commission File Number)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

1 RAYONIER WAY

WILDLIGHT, FL 32097

(Principal Executive Office)

Telephone Number: (904) 357-9100

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Exchange
Common Shares, no par value, of Rayonier Inc.	RYN	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Rayonier Inc. Yes ☒ No ☐ Rayonier, L.P. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Rayonier Inc. Yes ☒ No ☐ Rayonier, L.P. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Rayonier Inc.

Large Accelerated Filer	☒	Accelerated Filer	☐	Non-accelerated Filer	☐	Smaller Reporting Company	☐	Emerging Growth Company	☐

Rayonier, L.P.

Large Accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☐	Non-accelerated Filer	☒	Smaller Reporting Company	☐	Emerging Growth Company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

Rayonier Inc. ☐ Rayonier, L.P. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Rayonier Inc. Yes ☐ No ☒ Rayonier, L.P. Yes ☐ No ☒

As of April 28, 2023, Rayonier Inc. had 148,221,186 Common Shares outstanding. As of April 28, 2023, Rayonier, L.P. had 2,479,276 Units outstanding.

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EXPLANATORY NOTE

This report combines the quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023 of Rayonier Inc., a North Carolina corporation, and Rayonier, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “Rayonier” or “the Company” mean Rayonier Inc. and references to the “Operating Partnership” mean Rayonier, L.P. References to “we,” “us,” and “our” mean collectively Rayonier Inc., the Operating Partnership and entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Rayonier Inc. and/or the Operating Partnership.

Rayonier Inc. has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2004. The Company is structured as an umbrella partnership REIT (“UPREIT”) under which substantially all of its business is conducted through the Operating Partnership. Rayonier Inc. is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. On May 8, 2020, Rayonier, L.P. acquired Pope Resources, a Delaware Limited Partnership (“Pope Resources”) and issued approximately 4.45 million operating partnership units (“OP Units” or “Redeemable Operating Partnership Units”) of Rayonier, L.P. as partial merger consideration. These OP Units are generally considered to be economic equivalents to Rayonier common shares and receive distributions equal to the dividends paid on Rayonier common shares.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company owned a 98.4% interest in the Operating Partnership, with the remaining 1.6% interest owned by limited partners of the Operating Partnership. As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, Rayonier Inc. has exclusive control of the day-to-day management of the Operating Partnership.

Rayonier Inc. and the Operating Partnership are operated as one business. The management of the Operating Partnership consists of the same members as the management of Rayonier Inc. As general partner with control of the Operating Partnership, Rayonier Inc. consolidates Rayonier, L.P. for financial reporting purposes, and has no material assets or liabilities other than its investment in the Operating Partnership.

We believe combining the quarterly reports of Rayonier Inc. and Rayonier, L.P. into this single report results in the following benefits:

•Strengthens investors’ understanding of Rayonier Inc. and the Operating Partnership by enabling them to view the business as a single operating unit in the same manner as management views and operates the business;

•Creates efficiencies for investors by reducing duplicative disclosures and providing a single comprehensive document; and

•Generates time and cost savings associated with the preparation of the reports when compared to preparing separate reports for each entity.

There are a few important differences between Rayonier Inc. and the Operating Partnership in the context of how Rayonier Inc. operates as a consolidated company. The Company itself does not conduct business, other than through acting as the general partner of the Operating Partnership and issuing equity or equity-related instruments from time to time. The Operating Partnership holds, directly or indirectly, substantially all of the Company’s assets. Likewise, all debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership or entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership conducts substantially all of the Company’s business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity.

To help investors understand the significant differences between the Company and the Operating Partnership, this report includes:

•Separate Consolidated Financial Statements for Rayonier Inc. and Rayonier, L.P.;

•A combined set of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements with separate discussions of per share and per unit information, noncontrolling interests and shareholders’ equity and partners’ capital, as applicable;

•A combined Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations which includes specific information related to each reporting entity;

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•A separate Part I, Item 4. Controls and Procedures related to each reporting entity;

•A separate Part II, Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds section related to each reporting entity; and

•Separate Exhibit 31 and 32 certifications for each reporting entity within Part II, Item 6.

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Item		Page
	PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)	1
	Rayonier Inc.:
	Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	1
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	2
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Quarters Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	3
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	5
	Rayonier, L.P.:
	Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	6
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	7
	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Capital for the Quarters Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	8
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	9
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	10
2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	31
3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	51
4.	Controls and Procedures	53
	PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
1.	Legal Proceedings	53
2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	54
6.	Exhibits	55
	Signatures	56

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


	2023	2022
SALES (NOTE 3)	$179,082	$222,041
Costs and Expenses
Cost of sales	(149,166)	(160,979)
Selling and general expenses	(16,778)	(14,760)
Other operating expense, net (Note 14)	(2,516)	(984)
	(168,460)	(176,723)
OPERATING INCOME	10,622	45,318
Interest expense	(11,700)	(8,337)
Interest and other miscellaneous income (expense), net	9,554	(468)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	8,476	36,513
Income tax expense (Note 16)	(1,039)	(5,515)
NET INCOME	7,437	30,998
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	(174)	(669)
Less: Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	1,037	(1,012)
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO RAYONIER INC.	8,300	29,317
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income tax effect of 0 and 0	(3,733)	6,458
Cash flow hedges, net of income tax effect of 312 and 1,022	(12,319)	40,427
Amortization of pension and postretirement plans, net of income tax expense of 0 and 0	1	188
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(16,051)	47,073
COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME	(8,614)	78,071
Less: Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	156	(1,686)
Less: Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	1,032	(2,408)
COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO RAYONIER INC.	($7,426)	$73,977
EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE (NOTE 5)
Basic earnings per share attributable to Rayonier Inc.	$0.06	$0.20
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Rayonier Inc.	$0.06	$0.20

All values are in US Dollars.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)

	March 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$98,774	$114,255
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $73 and $74	35,430	42,538
Inventory (Note 13)	30,297	23,729
Prepaid expenses	20,856	20,573
Assets held for sale (Note 19)	1,154	713
Other current assets	837	573
Total current assets	187,348	202,381
TIMBER AND TIMBERLANDS, NET OF DEPLETION AND AMORTIZATION	3,209,988	3,230,904
HIGHER AND BETTER USE TIMBERLANDS AND REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT<br><br>INVESTMENTS (NOTE 12)	119,701	115,097
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Land	6,453	6,453
Buildings	30,805	31,020
Machinery and equipment	6,565	6,568
Construction in progress	881	653
Total property, plant and equipment, gross	44,704	44,694
Less — accumulated depreciation	(17,981)	(17,505)
Total property, plant and equipment, net	26,723	27,189
RESTRICTED CASH (NOTE 18)	4,962	1,152
RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS	98,301	97,167
OTHER ASSETS	100,150	115,481
TOTAL ASSETS	$3,747,173	$3,789,371
LIABILITIES, NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS IN THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$32,172	$22,100
Accrued taxes	4,899	3,734
Accrued payroll and benefits	6,430	12,564
Accrued interest	10,175	5,920
Deferred revenue	19,095	22,762
Other current liabilities	23,988	28,247
Total current liabilities	96,759	95,327
LONG-TERM DEBT, NET (NOTE 6)	1,514,127	1,514,721
PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS (NOTE 15)	8,460	8,510
LONG-TERM LEASE LIABILITY	89,911	88,756
LONG-TERM DEFERRED REVENUE	11,337	6,895
OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES	89,303	88,687
CONTINGENCIES (NOTE9)
NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS IN THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP (NOTE 4)	82,461	105,763
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common Shares, 480,000,000 shares authorized, 148,012,979 and 147,282,631 shares issued and outstanding	1,489,274	1,462,945
Retained earnings	330,389	366,637
Accumulated other comprehensive income (Note 17)	20,868	35,813
TOTAL RAYONIER INC. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	1,840,531	1,865,395
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates (Note 4)	14,284	15,317
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	1,854,815	1,880,712
TOTAL LIABILITIES, NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS IN THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$3,747,173	$3,789,371

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

	Common Shares		Retained<br>Earnings	Accumulated<br>Other<br>Comprehensive Income	Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Affiliates	Shareholders’<br>Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance, January 1, 2023	147,282,631	$1,462,945	$366,637	$35,813	$15,317	$1,880,712
Net income (loss)	—	—	8,474	—	(1,037)	7,437
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	—	—	(174)	—	—	(174)
Dividends ($0.285 per share) (a)	—	—	(42,172)	—	—	(42,172)
Issuance of shares under the “at-the-market” equity offering, net of commissions and offering costs of $24	400	(10)	—	—	—	(10)
Issuance of shares under incentive stock plans	1,564	—	—	—	—	—
Stock-based compensation	—	2,499	—	—	—	2,499
Repurchase of common shares	(1,167)	(41)	—	—	—	(41)
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	—	—	(2,376)	—	—	(2,376)
Conversion of units into common shares	729,551	23,881	—	—	—	23,881
Amortization of pension and postretirement plan liabilities	—	—	—	1	—	1
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—	—	(3,552)	(181)	(3,733)
Cash flow hedges	—	—	—	(12,504)	185	(12,319)
Allocation of other comprehensive income to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	—	—	—	1,110	—	1,110
Balance, March 31, 2023	148,012,979	$1,489,274	$330,389	$20,868	$14,284	$1,854,815

(a)For information regarding distributions to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership, see the Rayonier Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and Note 4 — Noncontrolling Interests.

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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (CONTINUED)

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

	Common Shares		Retained<br>Earnings	Accumulated<br>Other<br>Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Affiliates	Shareholders’<br>Equity
	Shares	Amount
Balance, January 1, 2022	145,372,961	$1,389,073	$402,307	($19,604)	$43,802	$1,815,578
Net income	—	—	29,986	—	1,012	30,998
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	—	—	(669)	—	—	(669)
Dividends ($0.27 per share) (a)	—	—	(39,902)	—	—	(39,902)
Issuance of shares under the “at-the-market” equity offering, net of commissions and offering costs of $339	726,248	29,771	—	—	—	29,771
Issuance of shares under incentive stock plans	11,364	415	—	—	—	415
Stock-based compensation	—	2,797	—	—	—	2,797
Repurchase of common shares	(5,420)	(214)	—	—	—	(214)
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	—	—	(2,645)	—	—	(2,645)
Conversion of units into common shares	2,535	104	—	—	—	104
Amortization of pension and postretirement plan liabilities	—	—	—	188	—	188
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—	—	5,668	790	6,458
Cash flow hedges	—	—	—	39,822	605	40,427
Allocation of other comprehensive income to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	—	—	—	(101)	—	(101)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	—	—	—	—	(1,566)	(1,566)
Balance, March 31, 2022	146,107,688	$1,421,946	$389,077	$25,973	$44,643	$1,881,639

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023	2022
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$7,437	$30,998
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	37,599	47,419
Non-cash cost of land and improved development	4,208	5,359
Stock-based incentive compensation expense	2,499	2,797
Deferred income taxes	(1,155)	(8,014)
Amortization of losses from pension and postretirement plans	1	188
Timber write-offs due to casualty event	2,302	—
Other	578	(2,244)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables	3,730	(27,837)
Inventories	(4,098)	(4,875)
Accounts payable	8,913	7,376
All other operating activities	1,937	(1,500)
CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES	63,951	49,667
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Capital expenditures	(18,746)	(15,597)
Real estate development investments	(7,753)	(3,137)
Purchase of timberlands	(8,729)	(2,830)
Other	3,029	2,619
CASH USED FOR INVESTING ACTIVITIES	(32,199)	(18,945)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Issuance of debt	—	404,018
Repayment of debt	—	(526,948)
Dividends paid on common shares	(42,149)	(39,444)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	(861)	(895)
Proceeds from the issuance of common shares under incentive stock plan	—	579
Proceeds from the issuance of common shares under the “at-the-market” (ATM) equity offering program, net of commissions and offering costs	(10)	30,918
Repurchase of common shares to pay withholding taxes on vested incentive stock awards	(41)	(214)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	—	(2,684)
CASH USED FOR FINANCING ACTIVITIES	(43,061)	(134,670)
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH	(362)	620
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH
Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(11,671)	(103,328)
Balance, beginning of year	115,407	369,139
Balance, end of period	$103,736	$265,811
	Three Months Ended March 31,
---	---	---
	2023	2022
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid during the period:
Interest (a)	$3,802	$3,935
Income taxes (b)	2,203	14,042
Non-cash investing activity:
Capital assets purchased on account	5,689	4,511

(a)Interest paid is presented net of patronage payments received of $6.1 million and $5.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively. For additional information on patronage payments, see Note 7 — Debt in the 2022 Form 10-K.

(b)Income taxes paid in 2022 were elevated due to timing of required tax payments for the New Zealand subsidiary following a full utilization of its net operating losses.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per unit amounts)


	2023	2022
SALES (NOTE 3)	$179,082	$222,041
Costs and Expenses
Cost of sales	(149,166)	(160,979)
Selling and general expenses	(16,778)	(14,760)
Other operating expense, net (Note 14)	(2,516)	(984)
	(168,460)	(176,723)
OPERATING INCOME	10,622	45,318
Interest expense	(11,700)	(8,337)
Interest and other miscellaneous income (expense), net	9,554	(468)
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	8,476	36,513
Income tax expense (Note 16)	(1,039)	(5,515)
NET INCOME	7,437	30,998
Less: Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	1,037	(1,012)
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO RAYONIER, L.P. UNITHOLDERS	8,474	29,986
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO UNITHOLDERS ATTRIBUTABLE TO:
Limited Partners	8,389	29,686
General Partners	85	300
Net income attributable to unitholders	8,474	29,986
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income tax effect of 0 and 0	(3,733)	6,458
Cash flow hedges, net of income tax effect of 312 and 1,022	(12,319)	40,427
Amortization of pension and postretirement plans, net of income tax expense of 0 and 0	1	188
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	(16,051)	47,073
COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME	(8,614)	78,071
Less: Comprehensive loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	1,032	(2,408)
COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO RAYONIER, L.P. UNITHOLDERS	($7,582)	$75,663
EARNINGS PER UNIT (NOTE 5)
Basic earnings per unit attributable to Rayonier, L.P.	$0.06	$0.20
Diluted earnings per unit attributable to Rayonier, L.P.	$0.06	$0.20

All values are in US Dollars.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)

	March 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$98,774	$114,255
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $73 and $74	35,430	42,538
Inventory (Note 13)	30,297	23,729
Prepaid expenses	20,856	20,573
Assets held for sale (Note 19)	1,154	713
Other current assets	837	573
Total current assets	187,348	202,381
TIMBER AND TIMBERLANDS, NET OF DEPLETION AND AMORTIZATION	3,209,988	3,230,904
HIGHER AND BETTER USE TIMBERLANDS AND REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT<br><br>INVESTMENTS (NOTE 12)	119,701	115,097
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT
Land	6,453	6,453
Buildings	30,805	31,020
Machinery and equipment	6,565	6,568
Construction in progress	881	653
Total property, plant and equipment, gross	44,704	44,694
Less — accumulated depreciation	(17,981)	(17,505)
Total property, plant and equipment, net	26,723	27,189
RESTRICTED CASH (NOTE 18)	4,962	1,152
RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS	98,301	97,167
OTHER ASSETS	100,150	115,481
TOTAL ASSETS	$3,747,173	$3,789,371
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP UNITS AND CAPITAL
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payable	$32,172	$22,100
Accrued taxes	4,899	3,734
Accrued payroll and benefits	6,430	12,564
Accrued interest	10,175	5,920
Deferred revenue	19,095	22,762
Other current liabilities	23,988	28,247
Total current liabilities	96,759	95,327
LONG-TERM DEBT, NET (NOTE 6)	1,514,127	1,514,721
PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFITS (NOTE 15)	8,460	8,510
LONG-TERM LEASE LIABILITY	89,911	88,756
LONG-TERM DEFERRED REVENUE	11,337	6,895
OTHER NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES	89,303	88,687
CONTINGENCIES (NOTE9)
REDEEMABLE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP UNITS (NOTE 4) 2,479,276 and 3,208,827 Units outstanding, respectively	82,461	105,763
CAPITAL
General partners’ capital	18,163	18,251
Limited partners’ capital	1,798,174	1,806,895
Accumulated other comprehensive income (Note 17)	24,194	40,249
TOTAL CONTROLLING INTEREST CAPITAL	1,840,531	1,865,395
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates (Note 4)	14,284	15,317
TOTAL CAPITAL	1,854,815	1,880,712
TOTAL LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP UNITS AND CAPITAL	$3,747,173	$3,789,371

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN CAPITAL

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except share data)

			Accumulated<br>Other<br>Comprehensive Income	Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Affiliates	Total Capital
	General Partners’ Capital	Limited Partners’ Capital
Balance, January 1, 2023	$18,251	$1,806,895	$40,249	$15,317	$1,880,712
Net income (loss)	85	8,389	—	(1,037)	7,437
Distributions on units (0.285 per unit)	(431)	(42,602)	—	—	(43,033)
Issuance of units under the “at-the-market” equity offering, net of commissions and offering costs of 24	—	(10)	—	—	(10)
Stock-based compensation	25	2,474	—	—	2,499
Repurchase of units	—	(41)	—	—	(41)
Adjustment of Redeemable Operating Partnership Units	(6)	(573)	—	—	(579)
Conversion of units into common shares	239	23,642	—	—	23,881
Amortization of pension and postretirement plan liabilities	—	—	1	—	1
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—	(3,552)	(181)	(3,733)
Cash flow hedges	—	—	(12,504)	185	(12,319)
Balance, March 31, 2023	$18,163	$1,798,174	$24,194	$14,284	$1,854,815

All values are in US Dollars.

	Units		Accumulated<br>Other<br>Comprehensive<br>Income (Loss)	Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Affiliates	Total Capital
	General Partners’ Capital	Limited Partners’ Capital
Balance, January 1, 2022	$17,872	$1,769,367	($15,463)	$43,802	$1,815,578
Net income	300	29,686	—	1,012	30,998
Distributions on units ($0.27 per unit)	(408)	(40,388)	—	—	(40,796)
Issuance of units under the “at-the-market” equity offering, net of commissions and offering costs of $339	298	29,473	—	—	29,771
Issuance of units under incentive stock plans	4	411	—	—	415
Stock-based compensation	28	2,769	—	—	2,797
Repurchase of units	(2)	(212)	—	—	(214)
Adjustment of Redeemable Operating Partnership Units	(25)	(2,496)	—	—	(2,521)
Conversion of units into common shares	1	103	—	—	104
Amortization of pension and postretirement plan liabilities	—	—	188	—	188
Foreign currency translation adjustment	—	—	5,668	790	6,458
Cash flow hedges	—	—	39,822	605	40,427
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	—	—	—	(1,566)	(1,566)
Balance, March 31, 2022	$18,068	$1,788,713	$30,215	$44,643	$1,881,639

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023	2022
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$7,437	$30,998
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	37,599	47,419
Non-cash cost of land and improved development	4,208	5,359
Stock-based incentive compensation expense	2,499	2,797
Deferred income taxes	(1,155)	(8,014)
Amortization of losses from pension and postretirement plans	1	188
Timber write-offs due to casualty events	2,302	—
Other	578	(2,244)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables	3,730	(27,837)
Inventories	(4,098)	(4,875)
Accounts payable	8,913	7,376
All other operating activities	1,937	(1,500)
CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES	63,951	49,667
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Capital expenditures	(18,746)	(15,597)
Real estate development investments	(7,753)	(3,137)
Purchase of timberlands	(8,729)	(2,830)
Other	3,029	2,619
CASH USED FOR INVESTING ACTIVITIES	(32,199)	(18,945)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Issuance of debt	—	404,018
Repayment of debt	—	(526,948)
Distributions on units	(43,010)	(40,339)
Proceeds from the issuance of units under incentive stock plan	—	579
Proceeds from the issuance of units under the “at-the-market” (ATM) equity offering program, net of commissions and offering costs	(10)	30,918
Repurchase of units to pay withholding taxes on vested incentive stock awards	(41)	(214)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	—	(2,684)
CASH USED FOR FINANCING ACTIVITIES	(43,061)	(134,670)
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH	(362)	620
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH
Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	(11,671)	(103,328)
Balance, beginning of year	115,407	369,139
Balance, end of period	$103,736	$265,811
	Three Months Ended March 31,
---	---	---
	2023	2022
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash paid during the period:
Interest (a)	$3,802	$3,935
Income taxes (b)	2,203	14,042
Non-cash investing activity:
Capital assets purchased on account	5,689	4,511

(b)Income taxes paid in 2022 were elevated due to timing of required tax payments for the New Zealand subsidiary following a full utilization of its net operating losses.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of Rayonier Inc. and its subsidiaries and Rayonier, L.P. have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

The Rayonier Inc. and Rayonier, L.P. year-end balance sheet information was derived from audited financial statements not included herein. In the opinion of management, these financial statements and notes reflect any adjustments (all of which are normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the periods presented. These statements and notes should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and supplementary data included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC (the “2022 Form 10-K”).

SUMMARY OF UPDATES TO SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

For a full description of our other significant accounting policies, see Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in our 2022 Form 10-K.

REVENUE RECOGNITION

NON-TIMBER SALES

Carbon Capture and Storage Sales

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) sales are primarily comprised of revenue generated from granting land access and the right to inject, sequester and permanently store carbon dioxide in a subsurface area. CCS contracts contain variable consideration arrangements, which may include variable durations, rates, access acres and carbon volumes. The determination of the transaction price and the allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations may require significant judgment and is based on management’s estimate of the mostly likely amount of consideration we expect to receive as of the reporting date.

Variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. The estimation of variable consideration requires us to make certain judgments and assumptions regarding the amount and timing of future payments, which may be impacted by factors such as changes in market conditions, competition or other factors beyond our control. As a result, actual amounts of variable consideration could differ from our estimates.

We regularly review our estimates of variable consideration and, if necessary, adjust the transaction price and related revenue recognition accordingly. Any such adjustments are recorded in the period in which the estimate is revised.

NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

There have been no recently adopted or pending accounting pronouncements which are applicable or are expected to have a material impact on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

We have evaluated events occurring from March 31, 2023 to the date of issuance of these Consolidated Financial Statements for potential recognition or disclosure in the consolidated financial statements. No events were identified that warranted recognition or disclosure.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

2. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

Sales between operating segments are made based on estimated fair market value, and intercompany sales, purchases and profits (losses) are eliminated in consolidation. We evaluate financial performance based on segment operating income and Adjusted Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”). Asset information is not reported by segment, as we do not produce asset information by segment internally.

Operating income as presented in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income is equal to segment income. Certain income (loss) items in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income are not allocated to segments. These items, which include interest expense, miscellaneous income (expense) and income tax expense, are not considered by management to be part of segment operations and are included under “unallocated interest expense and other.”

The following tables summarize the segment information for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:


SALES	2023	2022
Southern Timber	$71,842	$76,763
Pacific Northwest Timber	34,419	46,281
New Zealand Timber	44,105	51,389
Real Estate	16,276	34,195
Trading	12,569	13,461
Intersegment Eliminations (a)	(129)	(48)
Total	$179,082	$222,041

(a)Primarily consists of log marketing fees paid to our Trading segment from our Southern Timber and Pacific Northwest Timber segments for marketing log export sales.


OPERATING INCOME	2023	2022
Southern Timber	$22,223	$30,342
Pacific Northwest Timber	(3,543)	6,606
New Zealand Timber (a)	(663)	5,392
Real Estate	883	10,181
Trading	341	351
Corporate and Other	(8,619)	(7,554)
Total Operating Income	10,622	45,318
Unallocated interest expense and other (b)	(2,146)	(8,805)
Total Income before Income Taxes	$8,476	$36,513

(a)The three months ended March 31, 2023 includes a $2.3 million timber write-off resulting from a casualty event. Timber write-offs resulting from a casualty event are recorded within the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income under the caption “Cost of Sales”.

(b)The three months ended March 31, 2023 includes a $9.1 million net recovery associated with a legal settlement.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

	Three Months Ended March 31,
DEPRECIATION, DEPLETION AND AMORTIZATION		2023	2022
Southern Timber		$20,610	$18,059
Pacific Northwest Timber		10,650	14,916
New Zealand Timber		4,455	4,989
Real Estate		1,503	9,145
Corporate and Other		381	310
Total		$37,599	$47,419
	Three Months Ended March 31,
---	---	---
NON-CASH COST OF LAND AND IMPROVED DEVELOPMENT		2023	2022
Real Estate		$4,208	$5,359
Total		$4,208	$5,359

3. REVENUE

PERFORMANCE OBLIGATIONS

We recognize revenue when control of promised goods or services (“performance obligations”) is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration expected in exchange for those goods or services (“transaction price”). We generally satisfy performance obligations within a year of entering into a contract and therefore have applied the disclosure exemption found under ASC 606-10-50-14. Unsatisfied performance obligations as of March 31, 2023 are primarily due to advances on stumpage contracts, unearned license revenue, unearned carbon capture and storage revenue and post-closing obligations on real estate sales. These performance obligations are expected to be satisfied within the next twelve months. We generally collect payment within a year of satisfying performance obligations and therefore have elected not to adjust revenues for a financing component.

CONTRACT BALANCES

The timing of revenue recognition, invoicing and cash collections results in accounts receivable and deferred revenue (contract liabilities) on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Accounts receivable are recorded when we have an unconditional right to consideration for completed performance under the contract. Contract liabilities relate to payments received in advance of performance under the contract. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue as (or when) we perform under the contract.

The following table summarizes revenue recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 that was included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of each year:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023	2022
Revenue recognized from contract liability balance at the beginning of the year (a)		$11,400	$7,533

(a) Revenue recognized was primarily from hunting licenses, the use of advances on pay-as-cut timber sales and the satisfaction of post-closing obligations on real estate sales.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

The following tables present our revenue from contracts with customers disaggregated by product type for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

Three Months Ended	Southern Timber	Pacific Northwest Timber	New Zealand Timber	Real Estate	Trading	Elim.	Total
March 31, 2023
Pulpwood	$26,783	$3,715	$6,081	—	$1,439	—	$38,018
Sawtimber	34,543	29,781	37,683	—	10,667	—	112,674
Hardwood	1,120	—	—	—	—	—	1,120
Total Timber Sales	62,446	33,496	43,764	—	12,106	—	151,812
License Revenue, Primarily from Hunting	5,268	136	55	—	—	—	5,459
Other Non-Timber/Carbon Revenue (a)	4,128	787	286	—	—	—	5,201
Agency Fee Income	—	—	—	—	334	—	334
Total Non-Timber Sales	9,396	923	341	—	334	—	10,994
Improved Development	—	—	—	4,802	—	—	4,802
Rural	—	—	—	6,499	—	—	6,499
Timberland & Non-Strategic	—	—	—	1,637	—	—	1,637
Deferred Revenue/Other (b)	—	—	—	3,093	—	—	3,093
Total Real Estate Sales	—	—	—	16,031	—	—	16,031
Revenue from Contracts with Customers	71,842	34,419	44,105	16,031	12,440	—	178,837
Lease Revenue	—	—	—	245	—	—	245
Intersegment	—	—	—	—	129	(129)	—
Total Revenue	$71,842	$34,419	$44,105	$16,276	$12,569	($129)	$179,082
Three Months Ended	Southern Timber	Pacific Northwest Timber	New Zealand Timber	Real Estate	Trading	Elim.	Total
March 31, 2022
Pulpwood	$37,611	$2,918	$7,595	—	$1,525	—	$49,649
Sawtimber	27,516	42,215	42,100	—	11,538	—	123,369
Hardwood	5,849	—	—	—	—	—	5,849
Total Timber Sales	70,976	45,133	49,695	—	13,063	—	178,867
License Revenue, Primarily from Hunting	4,688	116	62	—	—	—	4,866
Other Non-Timber/Carbon Revenue	1,099	1,032	1,632	—	—	—	3,763
Agency Fee Income	—	—	—	—	350	—	350
Total Non-Timber Sales	5,787	1,148	1,694	—	350	—	8,979
Improved Development	—	—	—	4,966	—	—	4,966
Rural	—	—	—	16,950	—	—	16,950
Timberland & Non-Strategic	—	—	—	11,400	—	—	11,400
Deferred Revenue/Other (b)	—	—	—	636	—	—	636
Total Real Estate Sales	—	—	—	33,952	—	—	33,952
Revenue from Contracts with Customers	76,763	46,281	51,389	33,952	13,413	—	221,798
Lease Revenue	—	—	—	243	—	—	243
Intersegment	—	—	—	—	48	(48)	—
Total Revenue	$76,763	$46,281	$51,389	$34,195	$13,461	($48)	$222,041

(a) Includes $0.6 million of CCS revenue.

(b) Includes deferred revenue adjustments, revenue true-ups and marketing fees related to Improved Development sales.

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RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

The following tables present our timber sales disaggregated by contract type for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

Three Months Ended	Southern Timber	Pacific Northwest Timber	New Zealand Timber	Trading	Total
March 31, 2023
Stumpage Pay-as-Cut	$30,477	—	—	—	$30,477
Stumpage Lump Sum	105	624	—	—	729
Total Stumpage	30,582	624	—	—	31,206
Delivered Wood (Domestic)	29,413	29,168	11,595	403	70,579
Delivered Wood (Export)	2,451	3,704	32,169	11,703	50,027
Total Delivered	31,864	32,872	43,764	12,106	120,606
Total Timber Sales	$62,446	$33,496	$43,764	$12,106	$151,812
March 31, 2022
Stumpage Pay-as-Cut	$36,206	—	—	—	$36,206
Stumpage Lump Sum	—	5,388	—	—	5,388
Total Stumpage	36,206	5,388	—	—	41,594
Delivered Wood (Domestic)	32,128	39,446	13,481	625	85,680
Delivered Wood (Export)	2,642	299	36,214	12,438	51,593
Total Delivered	34,770	39,745	49,695	13,063	137,273
Total Timber Sales	$70,976	$45,133	$49,695	$13,063	$178,867

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RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

4. NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS

NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS IN CONSOLIDATED AFFILIATES

Matariki Forestry Group

We maintain a 77% controlling financial interest in Matariki Forestry Group (the “New Zealand subsidiary”), a joint venture that owns or leases approximately 419,000 legal acres of New Zealand timberland. Accordingly, we consolidate the New Zealand subsidiary’s balance sheet and results of operations. Income attributable to the New Zealand subsidiary’s 23% noncontrolling interests is reflected as an adjustment to income in our Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income under the caption “Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates.” Rayonier New Zealand Limited (“RNZ”), a wholly-owned subsidiary, serves as the manager of the New Zealand subsidiary.

NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS IN THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP

Noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership relate to the third-party ownership of Redeemable Operating Partnership Units. Net income attributable to the noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership is computed by applying the weighted average Redeemable Operating Partnership Units outstanding during the period as a percentage of the weighted average total units outstanding to the Operating Partnership’s net income for the period. If a noncontrolling unitholder redeems a unit for a registered common share of Rayonier or cash, the noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership will be reduced and the Company’s share in the Operating Partnership will be increased by the fair value of each security at the time of redemption.

The following table sets forth the Company’s noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership:


	2023	2022
Beginning noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	$105,763	$133,823
Adjustment of noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	2,376	2,645
Conversions of Redeemable Operating Partnership Units to Common Shares	(23,881)	(104)
Net Income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	174	669
Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	(1,110)	101
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	(861)	(895)
Total noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	$82,461	$136,239

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

5. EARNINGS PER SHARE AND PER UNIT

The following table provides details of the calculations of basic and diluted earnings per common share of the Company:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023	2022
Earnings per common share - basic
Numerator:
Net Income		$7,437	$30,998
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership		(174)	(669)
Less: Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates		1,037	(1,012)
Net income attributable to Rayonier Inc.		$8,300	$29,317
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per common share - weighted average shares		147,377,448	145,430,171
Basic earnings per common share attributable to Rayonier Inc.:		$0.06	$0.20
Earnings per common share - diluted
Numerator:
Net Income		$7,437	$30,998
Less: Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates		1,037	(1,012)
Net income attributable to Rayonier Inc., before net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership		$8,474	$29,986
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per common share - weighted average shares		147,377,448	145,430,171
Add: Dilutive effect of:
Stock options		1,886	7,229
Performance shares, restricted shares and restricted stock units		612,412	794,892
Noncontrolling interests in operating partnership units		3,087,383	3,314,784
Denominator for diluted earnings per common share - adjusted weighted average shares		151,079,129	149,547,076
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to Rayonier Inc.:		$0.06	$0.20	Three Months Ended March 31,
---	---	---
		2023	2022
Anti-dilutive shares excluded from the computations of diluted earnings per common share:
Stock options, performance shares, restricted shares and restricted stock units		64,667	254
Total		64,667	254

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

The following table provides details of the calculations of basic and diluted earnings per unit of the Operating Partnership:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2023	2022
Earnings per unit - basic
Numerator:
Net Income		$7,437	$30,998
Less: Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates		1,037	(1,012)
Net income available to unitholders		$8,474	$29,986
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per unit - weighted average units		150,464,831	148,744,955
Basic earnings per unit attributable to Rayonier, L.P.:		$0.06	$0.20
Earnings per unit - diluted
Numerator:
Net Income		$7,437	$30,998
Less: Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates		1,037	(1,012)
Net income available to unitholders		$8,474	$29,986
Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per unit - weighted average units		150,464,831	148,744,955
Add: Dilutive effect of unit equivalents:
Stock options		1,886	7,229
Performance shares, restricted shares and restricted stock units		612,412	794,892
Denominator for diluted earnings per unit - adjusted weighted average units		151,079,129	149,547,076
Diluted earnings per unit attributable to Rayonier, L.P.:		$0.06	$0.20	Three Months Ended March 31,
---	---	---
		2023	2022
Anti-dilutive unit equivalents excluded from the computations of diluted earnings per unit:
Stock options, performance shares, restricted shares and restricted stock units		64,667	254
Total		64,667	254

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

6. DEBT

Our debt consisted of the following at March 31, 2023:

	March 31, 2023
Debt
Senior Notes due 2031 at a fixed interest rate of 2.75%	$450,000
2015 Term Loan borrowings due 2028 at a variable interest rate of 6.34% at March 31, 2023	350,000
2022 Incremental Term Loan borrowings due 2027 at a variable interest rate of 6.34% at March 31, 2023	250,000
2016 Incremental Term Loan borrowings due 2026 at a variable interest rate of 6.39% at March 31, 2023	200,000
2021 Incremental Term Loan borrowings due 2029 at a variable interest rate of 6.29% at March 31, 2023	200,000
New Zealand subsidiary noncontrolling interests shareholder loan due 2026 at a fixed interest rate of 3.64% (a)	25,280
New Zealand subsidiary noncontrolling interests shareholder loan due 2027 at a fixed interest rate of 6.48% (a)	25,280
New Zealand subsidiary noncontrolling interests shareholder loan due 2025 at a fixed interest rate of 2.95% (a)	21,669
Total principal debt	1,522,229
Less: Unamortized discounts	(3,022)
Less: Deferred financing costs	(5,080)
Total long-term debt	$1,514,127

(a) Except for changes in the New Zealand foreign exchange rate, there have been no adjustments to the carrying value of the shareholder loans since inception.

The following table contains information on the outstanding variable rate debt as of March 31, 2023:

Debt	Periodic Interest Rate (a)	Effective Fixed Interest Rate (b)
2015 Term Loan	Daily Simple SOFR + 1.70%	3.03	%
2022 Incremental Term Loan	Daily Simple SOFR + 1.70%	5.13	%
2016 Incremental Term Loan	Daily Simple SOFR + 1.75%	2.40	%
2021 Incremental Term Loan	Daily Simple SOFR + 1.65%	1.46	%

(a) Includes credit spread adjustment of 0.1%.

(b) Effective interest rate is after consideration of interest rate swaps and estimated patronage refunds.

Principal payments due during the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

	Total
2023	—
2024	—
2025	21,669
2026	225,280
2027	275,280
Thereafter	1,000,000
Total Debt	$1,522,229

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

2023 DEBT ACTIVITY

U.S. Debt

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we made no borrowings or repayments on our Revolving Credit Facility. At March 31, 2023, we had available borrowings of $296.2 million under the Revolving Credit Facility, net of $3.8 million to secure our outstanding letters of credit.

New Zealand Debt

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the New Zealand subsidiary made no borrowings and repayments on its working capital facility (the “New Zealand Working Capital Facility”). At March 31, 2023, the New Zealand subsidiary had NZ$20.0 million of available borrowings under its working capital facility.

DEBT COVENANTS

In connection with our 2015 Term Loan Facility, 2016 Incremental Term Loan Facility, 2021 Incremental Term Loan Agreement, 2022 Incremental Term Loan Agreement and Revolving Credit Facility, customary covenants must be met, the most significant of which include interest coverage and leverage ratios.

The covenants listed below, which are the most significant financial covenants in effect as of March 31, 2023, are calculated on a trailing 12-month basis:

	Covenant Requirement		Actual Ratio		Favorable
Covenant EBITDA to consolidated interest expense should not be less than	2.5 to 1		8.1 to 1		5.6
Covenant debt to covenant net worth plus covenant debt shall not exceed	65	%	45	%	20	%

In addition to these financial covenants listed above, the Senior Notes due 2031, 2015 Term Loan Facility, 2016 Incremental Term Loan Facility, 2021 Incremental Term Loan Facility, 2022 Incremental Term Loan Facility, and Revolving Credit Facility include customary covenants that limit the incurrence of debt and the disposition of assets, among others. At March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all applicable covenants.

7. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

We are exposed to market risk related to potential fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. We use derivative financial instruments to mitigate the financial impact of exposure to these risks.

Accounting for derivative financial instruments is governed by ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, (“ASC 815”). In accordance with ASC 815, we record our derivative instruments at fair value as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in the instruments’ fair value are accounted for based on their intended use. Gains and losses on derivatives that are designated and qualify for cash flow hedge accounting are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) and reclassified into earnings when the hedged transaction materializes. Gains and losses on derivatives that are designated and qualify for net investment hedge accounting are recorded as a component of AOCI and will not be reclassified into earnings until the investment is partially or completely liquidated. The changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments and those which are no longer effective as hedging instruments, are recognized immediately in earnings.

FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE AND OPTION CONTRACTS

Our New Zealand subsidiary’s domestic sales and operating expenses are predominately denominated in New Zealand dollars, while its export sales, shareholder distributions and ocean freight payments are predominately denominated in U.S. dollars. To the extent New Zealand dollar costs exceed New Zealand dollar revenues (the “foreign exchange exposure”), the New Zealand subsidiary manages the foreign exchange exposure through the use of derivative financial instruments. It typically hedges a portion of export sales receipts to cover 50% to 90% of the projected foreign exchange exposure for the following 12 months, up to 75% for the forward 12 to 18 months and up to 50% for the forward 18 to 24 months. Additionally, it will occasionally hedge export sales receipts to cover

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up to 50% of the foreign exchange exposure for the forward 24 to 48 months when the New Zealand dollar is at a cyclical low versus the U.S. dollar. The New Zealand subsidiary’s trading operations typically hedge a portion of export sales receipts to cover the projected foreign exchange exposure for the following three months. As of March 31, 2023, foreign currency exchange contracts and foreign currency option contracts had maturity dates through February 2026 and October 2025, respectively.

Foreign currency exchange and option contracts hedging foreign currency risk qualify for cash flow hedge accounting. We may de-designate these cash flow hedge relationships in advance or at the occurrence of the forecasted transaction. The portion of gains or losses on the derivative instrument previously AOCI for de-designated hedges remains in AOCI until the forecasted transaction affects earnings. Changes in the value of derivative instruments after de-designation are recorded in earnings.

INTEREST RATE PRODUCTS

We are exposed to cash flow interest rate risk on our variable-rate debt and on anticipated debt issuances. We use variable-to-fixed interest rate swaps and forward-starting interest rate swap agreements to hedge this exposure. For these derivative instruments, we report the gains/losses from the fluctuations in the fair market value of the hedges in AOCI and reclassify them to earnings as interest expense in the same period in which the hedged interest payments affect earnings.

To the extent we de-designate or terminate a cash flow hedging relationship and the associated hedged item continues to exist, any unrealized gain or loss of the cash flow hedge at the time of de-designation remains in AOCI and is amortized using the straight-line method through interest expense over the remaining life of the hedged item. To the extent the associated hedged item is no longer effective, the gain or loss is reclassified out of AOCI to earnings immediately.

INTEREST RATE SWAPS

The following table contains information on the outstanding interest rate swaps as of March 31, 2023:

Outstanding Interest Rate Swaps (a)
Date Entered Into	Term	Notional Amount	Related Debt Facility	Fixed Rate of Swap		Bank Margin on Debt (b)		Total Effective Interest Rate (c)
August 2015	9 years	$170,000	Term Credit Agreement	2.10	%	1.70	%	3.80	%
August 2015	9 years	180,000	Term Credit Agreement	2.26	%	1.70	%	3.96	%
April 2016	10 years	100,000	Incremental Term Loan	1.50	%	1.75	%	3.25	%
April 2016	10 years	100,000	Incremental Term Loan	1.51	%	1.75	%	3.26	%
May 2021	7 years	200,000	2021 Incremental Term Loan Facility	0.67	%	1.65	%	2.32	%
December 2022	5 years	100,000	2022 Incremental Term Loan Facility	3.72	%	1.70	%	5.42	%

(a)All interest rate swaps have been designated as interest rate cash flow hedges and qualify for hedge accounting.

(b)Includes the SOFR Credit Spread Adjustment component of 0.1%.

(c)Rate is before estimated patronage payments.

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FORWARD-STARTING INTEREST RATE SWAPS

In March 2023, we modified our benchmark rates from LIBOR to Daily Simple SOFR for our forward-starting interest rates swaps, resulting in slightly favorable fixed rates.

The following table contains information on the outstanding forward-starting interest rate swaps as of March 31, 2023:

Outstanding Forward-Starting Interest Rate Swaps (a)
Date Entered Into	Term	Notional Amount	Fixed Rate of Swap		Related Debt Facility	Forward Date	Maximum Period Ending for Forecasted Issuance Date
April 2020	4 years	$100,000	0.78	%	Term Credit Agreement	August 2024	N/A
May 2020	4 years	50,000	0.64	%	Term Credit Agreement	August 2024	N/A

(a)All forward-starting interest rate swaps have been designated as interest rate cash flow hedges and qualify for hedge accounting.

The following tables demonstrate the impact, gross of tax, of our derivatives on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

		Three Months Ended <br>March 31,
	Income Statement Location	2023	2022
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Other comprehensive (loss) income	$3,813	$3,417
	Other operating expense, net	(2,429)	97
Foreign currency option contracts	Other comprehensive (loss) income	(270)	136
Interest rate products	Other comprehensive (loss) income	(9,660)	35,129
	Interest expense, net	(3,463)	2,670

During the next 12 months, the amount of the March 31, 2023 AOCI balance, net of tax, expected to be reclassified into earnings is a gain of approximately $19.3 million. The following table contains details of the expected reclassified amounts into earnings:

	Amount expected to be reclassified into earnings in next 12 months
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Foreign currency exchange contracts	($2,930)
Foreign currency option contracts	(257)
Interest rate products (a)	22,498
Total estimated gain on derivatives contracts	$19,311

(a) These reclassified amounts are expected to fully offset variable interest rate payments made to debt holders, resulting in no net impact on our earnings or cash flows.

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The following table contains the notional amounts of the derivative financial instruments recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets:

	Notional Amount
	March 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Foreign currency exchange contracts	$128,750	$138,250
Foreign currency option contracts	78,000	78,000
Interest rate swaps	850,000	850,000
Forward-starting interest rate swaps	150,000	150,000

The following table contains the fair values of the derivative financial instruments recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Changes in balances of derivative financial instruments are recorded as operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

	Location on Balance Sheet	Fair Value Assets / (Liabilities) (a)
		March 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges:
Foreign currency exchange contracts	Other current assets	$63	$25
	Other assets	1,063	1,303
	Other current liabilities	(4,133)	(5,457)
	Other non-current liabilities	(146)	(410)
Foreign currency option contracts	Other current assets	83	66
	Other assets	1,734	2,131
	Other current liabilities	(440)	(347)
	Other non-current liabilities	(1,079)	(1,281)
Interest rate swaps	Other assets	50,525	60,843
	Other non-current liabilities	(1,549)	(51)
Forward-starting interest rate swaps	Other assets	10,456	11,939
Total derivative contracts:
Other current assets		$146	$91
Other assets		63,778	76,216
Total derivative assets		$63,924	$76,307
Other current liabilities		(4,573)	(5,804)
Other non-current liabilities		(2,774)	(1,742)
Total derivative liabilities		($7,347)	($7,546)

(a) See Note 8 — Fair Value Measurements for further information on the fair value of our derivatives including their classification within the fair value hierarchy.

OFFSETTING DERIVATIVES

Derivative financial instruments are presented at their gross fair values in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our derivative financial instruments are not subject to master netting arrangements, which would allow the right of offset.

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8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

A three-level hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value was established in the Accounting Standards Codification as follows:

Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The following table presents the carrying amount and estimated fair values of our financial instruments as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, using market information and what we believe to be appropriate valuation methodologies under GAAP:

		March 31, 2023				December 31, 2022
Asset (Liability) (a)		Carrying<br>Amount	Fair Value			CarryingAmount	Fair Value
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 1
Cash and cash equivalents		$98,774	$98,774	—		114,255	$114,255	—
Restricted cash (b)		4,962	4,962	—		1,152	1,152	—
Long-term debt (c)		(1,514,127)	—	(1,441,247)		(1,514,721)	—	(1,438,736)
Interest rate swaps (d)		48,976	—	48,976		60,792	—	60,792
Forward-starting interest rate swaps (d)		10,456	—	10,456		11,939	—	11,939
Foreign currency exchange contracts (d)		(3,153)	—	(3,153)		(4,539)	—	(4,539)
Foreign currency option contracts (d)		298	—	298		569	—	569
Noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership (e)		82,461	—	82,461		105,763	—	105,763

All values are in US Dollars.

(a)We did not have Level 3 assets or liabilities at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

(b)Restricted cash represents proceeds from like-kind exchange sales deposited with a third-party intermediary and cash held in escrow. See Note 18 — Restricted Cash for additional information.

(c)The carrying amount of long-term debt is presented net of deferred financing costs and unamortized discounts on non-revolving debt. See Note 6 — Debt for additional information.

(d)See Note 7 — Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities for information regarding the Consolidated Balance Sheets classification of our derivative financial instruments.

(e)Noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership is neither an asset nor liability and is classified as temporary equity in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. This relates to the ownership of Rayonier, L.P. units by various individuals and entities other than the Company. See Note 4 — Noncontrolling Interests for additional information.

We use the following methods and assumptions in estimating the fair value of our financial instruments:

Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash — The carrying amount is equal to fair market value.

Debt — The fair value of fixed rate debt is based upon quoted market prices for debt with similar terms and maturities. The variable rate debt adjusts with changes in the market rate, therefore the carrying value approximates fair value.

Interest rate swap agreements — The fair value of interest rate contracts is determined by discounting the expected future cash flows, for each instrument, at prevailing interest rates.

Foreign currency exchange contracts — The fair value of foreign currency exchange contracts is determined by a mark-to-market valuation, which estimates fair value by discounting the difference between the contracted forward price and the current forward price for the residual maturity of the contract using a risk-free interest rate.

Foreign currency option contracts — The fair value of foreign currency option contracts is based on a mark-to-market calculation using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.

Noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership — The fair value of noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership is determined based on the period-end closing price of Rayonier Inc. common shares.

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9. CONTINGENCIES

We have been named as a defendant in various lawsuits and claims arising in the normal course of business. While we have procured reasonable and customary insurance covering risks normally occurring in connection with our businesses, we have in certain cases retained some risk through the operation of large deductible insurance plans, primarily in the areas of executive risk, property, automobile and general liability. These pending lawsuits and claims, either individually or in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flow.

10. ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE DAMAGE LIABILITIES

Various federal and state environmental laws in the states in which we operate place cleanup or restoration liability on the current and former owners of affected real estate. These laws are often a source of “strict liability,” meaning that an owner or operator need not necessarily have caused, or even been aware of, the release of contaminated materials. Similarly, there are certain environmental laws that allow state, federal, and tribal trustees (collectively, the “Trustees”) to bring suit against property owners to recover damage for injuries to natural resources. Like the liability that attaches to current property owners in the cleanup context, liability for natural resource damages (“NRD”) can attach to a property simply because an injury to natural resources resulted from releases of contaminated materials on or from the owner’s property, regardless of culpability for the release.

Changes in environmental and NRD liabilities from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023 are shown below:

	Port Gamble, WA
Non-current portion at December 31, 2022	$14,418
Plus: Current portion	1,175
Total Balance at December 31, 2022	15,593
Expenditures charged to liabilities	(110)
Total Balance at March 31, 2023	15,483
Less: Current portion	(1,175)
Non-current portion at March 31, 2023	$14,308

It is expected that the upland mill site cleanup and NRD restoration will occur over the next one to two years, while the monitoring of Port Gamble Bay, mill site and landfills will continue for an additional 15 to 20 years. NRD costs are subject to change as the scope of the restoration projects become more clearly defined. It is reasonably possible that these components of the liability may increase as the project progresses. Management continues to monitor the Port Gamble cleanup process and will make adjustments as needed. Should any future circumstances result in a change to the estimated cost of the project, we will record an appropriate adjustment to the liability in the period it becomes known and when we can reasonably estimate the amount. For further information on the timing and amount of future payments related to our environmental remediation liabilities, see Note 10 - Commitments in our 2022 Form 10-K.

We do not currently anticipate any material loss in excess of the amounts accrued; however we are not able to estimate a possible loss or range of loss, if any, in excess of the established liabilities. Our future remediation expenses may be affected by a number of uncertainties including, but not limited to, the difficulty in estimating the extent and method of remediation, the evolving nature of environmental regulations, and the availability and application of technology. We do not expect the resolution of such uncertainties to have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or liquidity.

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11. GUARANTEES

We provide financial guarantees as required by creditors, insurance programs, and various governmental agencies.

As of March 31, 2023, the following financial guarantees were outstanding:

Financial Commitments (a)	Maximum Potential<br>Payment
Standby letters of credit (b)	$3,779
Surety bonds (c)	23,204
Total financial commitments	$26,983

(a)We have not recorded any liabilities for these financial commitments in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. The guarantees are not subject to measurement, as the guarantees are dependent on our own performance.

(b)Approximately $2.9 million of the standby letters of credit serve as credit support for real estate construction in our Wildlight development project. The remaining letters of credit support various insurance related agreements, primarily workers’ compensation. These letters of credit will expire at various dates during 2023 and will be renewed as required.

(c)Surety bonds are issued primarily to secure performance obligations related to various operational activities, to provide collateral for our Wildlight development project in Nassau County, Florida and our Heartwood development project in Richmond Hill, Georgia. These surety bonds expire at various dates during 2023, 2024 and 2025 and are expected to be renewed as required.

12. HIGHER AND BETTER USE TIMBERLANDS AND REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENTS

We routinely assess potential alternative uses of our timberlands, as some properties may become more valuable for development, residential, recreation or other purposes. We periodically transfer, via a sale or contribution from the real estate investment trust (“REIT”) entities to taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”), higher and better use (“HBU”) timberlands to enable land-use entitlement, development or marketing activities. We also acquire HBU properties in connection with timberland acquisitions. These properties are managed as timberlands until sold or developed. While the majority of HBU sales involve rural and recreational land, we also selectively pursue various land-use entitlements on certain properties for residential, commercial and industrial development in order to enhance the long-term value of such properties. For selected development properties, we also invest in targeted infrastructure improvements, such as roadways and utilities, to accelerate the marketability and improve the value of such properties.

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Changes in higher and better use timberlands and real estate development investments from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023 are shown below:

	Higher and Better Use Timberlands and Real Estate Development Investments
	Land and Timber	Development Investments	Total
Non-current portion at December 31, 2022	$91,374	$23,723	$115,097
Plus: Current portion (a)	408	17,501	17,909
Total Balance at December 31, 2022	91,782	41,224	133,006
Non-cash cost of land and improved development	(457)	(2,943)	(3,400)
Amortization of parcel real estate development investments	—	(2,127)	(2,127)
Timber depletion from harvesting activities and basis of timber sold in real estate sales	(345)	—	(345)
Capitalized real estate development investments (b)	—	10,913	10,913
Capital expenditures (silviculture)	89	—	89
Total Balance at March 31, 2023	91,069	47,067	138,136
Less: Current portion (a)	(579)	(17,856)	(18,435)
Non-current portion at March 31, 2023	$90,490	$29,211	$119,701

(a)The current portion of Higher and Better Use Timberlands and Real Estate Development Investments is recorded in Inventory. See Note 13 — Inventory for additional information.

(b)Capitalized real estate development investments include $0.2 million of capitalized interest and $3.2 million of parcel real estate development investments. Parcel real estate development investments represent investments made for specific lots and/or commercial parcels that are currently under contract or expected to be ready for market within a year.

13. INVENTORY

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, our inventory consisted entirely of finished goods, as follows:

	March 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
Finished goods inventory
Real estate inventory (a)	$18,435	$17,909
Log inventory	11,394	5,347
Carbon unit inventory (b)	468	473
Total inventory	$30,297	$23,729

(a)Represents the cost of HBU real estate (including capitalized development investments) under contract to be sold as well as the cost of HBU real estate deferred until post-closing obligations are satisfied. See Note 12 — Higher And Better Use Timberlands and Real Estate Development Investments for additional information.

(b)Represents the basis in New Zealand carbon units intended to be sold in the next 12 months.

14. OTHER OPERATING EXPENSE, NET

Other operating expense, net consisted of the following:


	2023	2022
Loss on foreign currency remeasurement, net of cash flow hedges	($2,484)	($571)
Gain on sale or disposal of property and equipment	2	25
Equity loss related to Bainbridge Landing LLC joint venture	—	(227)
Miscellaneous expense, net	(34)	(211)
Total	($2,516)	($984)

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15. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

We have one qualified non-contributory defined benefit pension plan covering a portion of our employees and an unfunded plan that provides benefits in excess of amounts allowable under current tax law in the qualified plans. We closed enrollment in the pension plans to salaried employees hired after December 31, 2005. Effective December 31, 2016, we froze benefits for all employees participating in the pension plan. In lieu of the pension plan, we provide those employees with an enhanced 401(k) plan match similar to what is currently provided to employees hired after December 31, 2005. Employee benefit plan liabilities are calculated using actuarial estimates and management assumptions. These estimates are based on historical information, along with certain assumptions about future events. Changes in assumptions, as well as changes in actual experience, could cause the estimates to change.

In December 2022, the Rayonier Board of Directors approved the resolution to terminate the Defined Benefit Plan and notified impacted parties of the termination and alternative distribution options. The Defined Benefit Plan was terminated on February 28, 2023. In conjunction with the termination of the Defined Benefit Plan, we also plan to terminate the unfunded plan and distribute all benefits in accordance with Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code. We expect to recognize pre-tax non-cash pension settlement charges related to the actuarial losses currently in AOCI upon settlement of the obligations of the Defined Benefit and Excess Benefit Plans. These charges are currently expected to occur in 2023 and 2024, with the specific timing and final amounts dependent upon several factors.

We expect to make cash contributions of approximately $7.6 million during the settlement process in order to fund the Defined Benefit Plan on a plan termination basis. The Defined Benefit Plan will be settled upon completion of lump sum distributions and purchase of annuity contracts. The settlement is expected to be completed by the end of Q1 2024. The Excess Benefit Plan will be settled entirely with lump sum payments upon termination with expected cash contributions in 2024 of approximately $1.3 million. Projected cash contributions are an estimate, as actual amounts will be dependent upon the nature and timing of participant settlements and interest rates, as well as prevailing market conditions.

The net pension and postretirement benefit (credits) costs that have been recorded are shown in the following table:

Components of Net Periodic Benefit (Credit) Cost	Income Statement Location		Pension		Postretirement
		Three Months Ended <br>March 31,
		2023
Service cost	Selling and general expenses		—	—	1	$2
Interest cost	Interest and other miscellaneous income (expense), net		844	609	17	13
Expected return on plan assets (a)	Interest and other miscellaneous income (expense), net		(887)	(872)	—	—
Amortization of losses	Interest and other miscellaneous income (expense), net		1	184	—	4
Net periodic benefit (credit) cost			(42)	(79)	18	$19

All values are in US Dollars.

(a)The weighted-average expected long-term rate of return on plan assets used in computing 2023 net periodic benefit cost for pension benefits is 5.0%.

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16. INCOME TAXES

Rayonier is a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code and therefore generally does not pay U.S. federal or state income tax. As of March 31, 2023, Rayonier owns a 98.4% interest in the Operating Partnership and conducts substantially all of its timberland operations through the Operating Partnership. The taxable income or loss generated by the Operating Partnership is passed through and reported to its unit holders (including the Company) on a Schedule K-1 for inclusion in each unitholder’s income tax return.

Certain operations, including log trading and certain real estate activities, such as the entitlement, development and sale of HBU properties, are conducted through our TRS. The TRS subsidiaries are subject to United States federal and state corporate income tax. The New Zealand timber operations are conducted by the New Zealand subsidiary, which is subject to corporate-level tax at 28% in New Zealand and is treated as a partnership for U.S. income tax purposes.

PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES

The Company’s tax expense is principally related to corporate-level tax in New Zealand and non-resident withholding tax on repatriation of earnings from New Zealand. The following table contains the income tax expense recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income:

	Three Months Ended<br>March 31,
		2023	2022
Income tax expense		($1,039)	($5,515)

ANNUAL EFFECTIVE TAX RATE

The Company’s effective tax rate after discrete items is below the 21.0% U.S. statutory rate due to tax benefits associated with being a REIT. The following table contains the Company’s annualized effective tax rate after discrete items:

	Three Months Ended<br>March 31,
		2023		2022
Annualized effective tax rate after discrete items		7.9	%	10.5	%

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(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

17. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The following table summarizes the changes in AOCI by component for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022. All amounts are presented net of tax and exclude portions attributable to noncontrolling interests.

	Foreign currency translation (loss) gains	Net investment hedges of New Zealand subsidiary	Cash flow hedges	Employee benefit plans	Total Rayonier, L.P.	Allocation to Operating Partnership	Total Rayonier Inc.
Balance as of December 31, 2021	$4,215	$1,321	(9,163)	(11,836)	($15,463)	($4,141)	($19,604)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications	(22,282)	—	78,166	874	56,758	(1,323)	55,435
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	—	—	(1,799)	753	(1,046)	1,028	(18)
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	(22,282)	—	76,367	1,627	55,712	(295)	55,417
Balance as of December 31, 2022	($18,067)	$1,321	67,204	(10,209)	$40,249	($4,436)	$35,813
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications	(3,552)	—	(7,696)	—	(11,248)	231	(11,017)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income	—	—	(4,808)	1	(4,807)	879	(3,928)
Net other comprehensive income (loss)	(3,552)	—	(12,504)	1	(16,055)	1,110	(14,945)
Balance as of<br><br>March 31, 2023	($21,619)	$1,321	54,700	(10,208)	$24,194	($3,326)	$20,868

All values are in US Dollars.

(a)The three months ended March 31, 2023 includes $9.6 million of other comprehensive loss related to interest rate products. The three months ended December 31, 2022 included $75.0 million of other comprehensive income related to interest rate products. See Note 7 — Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities for additional information.

(b)This component of other comprehensive income is included in the computation of net periodic pension and post-retirement costs. See Note 15 — Employee Benefit Plans for additional information.

The following table presents details of the amounts reclassified in their entirety from AOCI to net income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022:

Details about accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) components		Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
	March 31, 2023
Realized (gain) loss on foreign currency exchange contracts		(2,429)	9
Noncontrolling interests		559	(2)
Realized (gain) loss on interest rate contracts		(3,463)	2,670
Income tax effect from net gain (loss) on foreign currency contracts		525	(2)
Net (gain) loss on cash flow hedges reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income		(4,808)	2,675

All values are in US Dollars.

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(Dollar amounts in thousands unless otherwise stated)

18. RESTRICTED CASH

Restricted cash, excluding Timber Funds includes cash deposited with a like-kind exchange (“LKE”) intermediary. In order to qualify for LKE treatment, the proceeds from real estate sales must be deposited with a third-party intermediary. These proceeds are accounted for as restricted cash until a suitable replacement property is acquired. In the event LKE purchases are not completed, the proceeds are returned to the Company after 180 days and reclassified as available cash. Additionally, restricted cash, excluding Timber Funds, includes cash balances held in escrow as collateral for certain contractual obligations related to our Heartwood development project as well as cash held in escrow for real estate sales.

Restricted cash, Timber Funds includes the portion of proceeds from Fund II Timberland Dispositions required to be distributed to noncontrolling interests.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash in the Consolidated Balance Sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023	2022
Restricted cash, excluding Timber Funds:
Restricted cash deposited with LKE intermediary	$1,646	—
Restricted cash held in escrow	3,316	625
Total restricted cash, excluding Timber Funds	4,962	625
Restricted cash, Timber Funds	—	5,464
Cash and cash equivalents	98,774	259,722
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash shown in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	$103,736	$265,811

19. ASSETS HELD FOR SALE

Assets held for sale is composed of properties under contract and expected to be sold within 12 months that also meet the other relevant held-for-sale criteria in accordance with ASC 360-10-45-9. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the basis in properties meeting this classification was $1.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively. Since the basis in these properties was less than the fair value, including costs to sell, no impairment was recognized.

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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (“MD&A”)

When we refer to “Rayonier” or “the Company” we mean Rayonier Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. References to the “Operating Partnership” mean Rayonier, L.P. and its consolidated subsidiaries. References to “we,” “us,” or “our,” mean collectively Rayonier Inc., the Operating Partnership and entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Rayonier Inc. and/or the Operating Partnership. References herein to “Notes to Financial Statements” refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of Rayonier Inc. and Rayonier, L.P. included in Item 1 of this report.

This MD&A is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and certain other factors which may affect future results. Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this report, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Form 10-K”) and information contained in our subsequent reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this document regarding anticipated financial outcomes, including our earnings guidance, if any, business and market conditions, outlook, expected dividend rate, our business strategies, including the potential effects of the ongoing global novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, expected harvest schedules, timberland acquisitions and dispositions, the anticipated benefits of our business strategies, and other similar statements relating to our future events, developments, or financial or operational performance or results, are “forward-looking statements” made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal securities laws. These forward-looking statements are identified by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “estimate,” “believe,” “intend,” “project,” “anticipate” and other similar language. However, the absence of these or similar words or expressions does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. While management believes that these forward-looking statements are reasonable when made, forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or events and undue reliance should not be placed on these statements. The risk factors contained in Item 1A — Risk Factors in our 2022 Form 10-K, Part II, and similar discussions included in other reports that we subsequently file with the SEC, among others, could cause actual results or events to differ materially from our historical experience and those expressed in forward-looking statements made in this document.

Forward-looking statements are only as of the date they are made, and we undertake no duty to update our forward-looking statements except as required by law. You are advised, however, to review any subsequent disclosures we make on related subjects in subsequent reports filed with the SEC.

NON-GAAP MEASURES

To supplement our financial statements presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”), we use certain non-GAAP measures, including “Cash Available for Distribution,” and “Adjusted EBITDA,” which are defined and further explained in Performance and Liquidity Indicators below. Reconciliation of such measures to the nearest GAAP measures can also be found in Performance and Liquidity Indicators below. Our definitions of these non-GAAP measures may differ from similarly titled measures used by others. These non-GAAP measures should be considered supplemental to, and not a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the Management’s Discussion and Analysis is to detail material information, events, uncertainties and other factors impacting the Company and the Operating Partnership and to provide investors an understanding of “Management’s perspective.” Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) highlights the critical areas for evaluating the Company’s performance which includes a discussion on the reportable segments, liquidity and capital, and critical accounting estimates. The MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our financial statements and notes.

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OUR COMPANY

We are a leading timberland real estate investment trust (“REIT”) with assets located in some of the most productive softwood timber growing regions in the United States and New Zealand. We invest in timberlands and actively manage them to provide current income and attractive long-term returns to our shareholders. We conduct our business through an umbrella partnership real estate investment trust (“UPREIT”) structure in which our assets are owned by our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries. Rayonier manages the Operating Partnership as its sole general partner. Our revenues, operating income and cash flows are primarily derived from the following core business segments: Southern Timber, Pacific Northwest Timber, New Zealand Timber, Real Estate, and Trading. As of March 31, 2023, we owned or leased under long-term agreements approximately 2.8 million acres of timberlands located in the U.S. South (1.91 million acres), U.S. Pacific Northwest (474,000 acres) and New Zealand (419,000 gross acres or 297,000 net plantable acres).

SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Southern Timber, Pacific Northwest Timber and New Zealand Timber segments include all activities related to the harvesting of timber and other non-timber income activities, such as the licensing of properties for hunting, granting land access for carbon capture and storage, the leasing of properties for mineral extraction and cell towers, and carbon credit sales. Our New Zealand operations are conducted by Matariki Forestry Group, a joint venture (the “New Zealand subsidiary”), in which we maintain a 77% ownership interest. See Note 4 - Noncontrolling Interests for additional information regarding our noncontrolling interests in the New Zealand Timber segment.

The Real Estate segment includes all U.S. and New Zealand land or leasehold sales disaggregated into six sales categories: Improved Development, Unimproved Development, Rural, Timberland & Non-Strategic, Conservation Easements and Large Dispositions. It also includes residential and commercial lease activity, primarily in the town of Port Gamble, Washington.

The Trading segment primarily reflects log trading activities in New Zealand and Australia conducted by our New Zealand subsidiary. It also includes log trading activities conducted from the U.S. South and Pacific Northwest. Our Trading segment activities include an export services joint venture with a third-party forest manager in which Matariki Forests Trading Ltd maintains a 50% ownership interest. The Trading segment complements the New Zealand Timber segment by providing added market intelligence, increasing the scale of export operations and achieving cost savings that directly benefit the New Zealand Timber segment. This additional market intelligence also benefits our Southern and Pacific Northwest export log marketing.

ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS

For a full description of our environmental matters, see Item 1 - “Business” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 and our sustainability report located at our Responsible Stewardship webpage.

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INDUSTRY AND MARKET CONDITIONS

The demand for timber is directly related to the underlying demand for pulp, paper, packaging, lumber and other wood products. The significant majority of timber sold in our Southern Timber segment is consumed domestically. With a higher proportion of pulpwood, our Southern Timber segment relies heavily on downstream markets for pulp and paper, and to a lesser extent wood pellet markets. Our Pacific Northwest Timber segment relies primarily on domestic customers but also exports a significant volume of timber, particularly to Japan and China. The Southern Timber and Pacific Northwest Timber segments rely on the strength of U.S. lumber markets as well as underlying housing starts. Our New Zealand Timber segment sells timber to domestic New Zealand wood products mills and also exports a significant portion of its volume to Asian markets, particularly in China and South Korea. In addition to market dynamics in the Pacific Rim, the New Zealand Timber segment is subject to foreign exchange fluctuations, which can impact the operating results of the segment in U.S. dollar terms.

In the first quarter, each of our timber segments experienced challenging market conditions due to weaker end-market demand and continued macroeconomic headwinds. In our Southern Timber segment, weaker demand for pulp and lumber coupled with drier weather conditions led to lower net stumpage prices. In our Pacific Northwest Timber segment, softer domestic lumber demand and decreased competition from export markets negatively impacted domestic sawtimber prices. In our New Zealand Timber segment, weaker demand in China has driven lower export sawtimber prices.

We are also subject to the risk of price fluctuations in certain of our cost components, primarily logging and transportation (cut and haul), ocean freight and demurrage costs. Other major components of our cost of sales are the cost basis of timber sold (depletion) and the cost basis of real estate sold. Depletion includes the amortization of capitalized site preparation, planting and fertilization, real estate taxes, timberland lease payments and certain payroll costs. The cost basis of real estate sold includes the cost basis in land and costs directly associated with the development and construction of identified real estate projects, such as infrastructure, roadways, utilities, amenities and/or other improvements. Other costs include amortization of capitalized costs related to road and bridge construction and software, depreciation of fixed assets and equipment, road maintenance, severance and excise taxes, fire prevention and real estate commissions and closing costs.

Our Real Estate segment is exposed to changes in interest and mortgage rates as higher rates could negatively impact buyer demand for the properties we sell. However, current demand for our rural and development real estate properties has not been significantly impacted by the rise in interest rates from year ago levels.

For additional information on market conditions impacting our business, see Results of Operations.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect our assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We base these estimates and assumptions on historical data and trends, current fact patterns, expectations and other sources of information we believe are reasonable. Actual results may differ from these estimates. For a full description of our critical accounting policies, see Item 7 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2022 Form 10-K.

REVENUE RECOGNITION

See Note 1 – Basis of Presentation.

DISCUSSION OF TIMBER INVENTORY AND SUSTAINABLE YIELD

See Item 1 — Business — Discussion of Timber Inventory and Sustainable Yield in our 2022 Form 10-K.

OUR TIMBERLANDS

Our timber operations are disaggregated into three geographically distinct segments: Southern Timber, Pacific Northwest Timber and New Zealand Timber. The following tables provide a breakdown of our timberland holdings as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:

(acres in 000s)	As of March 31, 2023			As of December 31, 2022
	Owned	Leased	Total	Owned	Leased	Total
Southern
Alabama	258	5	263	258	14	272
Arkansas	—	2	2	—	2	2
Florida	349	47	396	347	47	394
Georgia	646	64	710	647	64	711
Louisiana	147	—	147	148	—	148
Oklahoma	91	—	91	91	—	91
South Carolina	16	—	16	16	—	16
Texas	285	—	285	285	—	285
	1,792	118	1,910	1,792	127	1,919
Pacific Northwest
Oregon	61	—	61	61	—	61
Washington	410	3	413	410	3	413
	471	3	474	471	3	474
New Zealand (a)	188	231	419	188	229	417
Total	2,451	352	2,803	2,451	359	2,810

(a)Represents legal acres owned and leased by the New Zealand subsidiary, in which we own a 77% interest. As of March 31, 2023, legal acres in New Zealand consisted of 297,000 plantable acres and 122,000 non-productive acres.

The following tables detail activity for owned and leased acres in our timberland holdings by state from December 31, 2022 to March 31, 2023:

(acres in 000s)	Acres Owned
	December 31, 2022	Acquisitions	Sales	Other	March 31, 2023
Southern
Alabama	258	—	—	—	258
Florida	347	2	—	—	349
Georgia	647	—	(1)	—	646
Louisiana	148	—	(1)	—	147
Oklahoma	91	—	—	—	91
South Carolina	16	—	—	—	16
Texas	285	—	—	—	285
	1,792	2	(2)	—	1,792
Pacific Northwest
Oregon	61	—	—	—	61
Washington	410	—	—	—	410
	471	—	—	—	471
New Zealand (a)	188	—	—	—	188
Total	2,451	2	(2)	—	2,451

(a)Represents legal acres owned by the New Zealand subsidiary, in which we have a 77% interest.

(acres in 000s)	Acres Leased
	December 31, 2022	New Leases	Sold/Expired Leases (a)	Other	March 31, 2023
Southern
Alabama	14	—	(9)	—	5
Arkansas	2	—	—	—	2
Florida	47	—	—	—	47
Georgia	64	—	—	—	64
	127	—	(9)	—	118
Pacific Northwest
Washington (b)	3	—	—	—	3
New Zealand (c)	229	—	—	2	231
Total	359	—	(9)	2	352

(a)Includes acres previously under lease that have been harvested and activity for the relinquishment of leased acres.

(b)Primarily timber reservations acquired in the merger with Pope Resources.

(c)Represents legal acres leased by the New Zealand subsidiary, in which we have a 77% interest.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

CONSOLIDATED RESULTS

The following table provides key financial information by segment and on a consolidated basis:


Financial Information (in millions)	2023	2022
Sales
Southern Timber	$71.8	$76.8
Pacific Northwest Timber	34.4	46.3
New Zealand Timber	44.1	51.4
Real Estate
Improved Development	4.8	5.0
Rural	6.5	16.9
Timberland & Non-Strategic	1.6	11.4
Deferred Revenue/Other (a)	3.3	0.9
Total Real Estate	16.3	34.2
Trading	12.6	13.4
Intersegment Eliminations	(0.1)	(0.1)
Total Sales	$179.1	$222.0
Operating Income (Loss)
Southern Timber	$22.2	$30.3
Pacific Northwest Timber	(3.5)	6.6
New Zealand Timber (b)	(0.7)	5.4
Real Estate (a)	0.9	10.2
Trading	0.3	0.4
Corporate and Other	(8.6)	(7.6)
Operating Income	10.6	45.3
Interest expense, interest income and other (c)	(2.1)	(8.8)
Income tax expense	(1.1)	(5.5)
Net Income	7.4	31.0
Less: Net loss (income) attributable to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	1.1	(1.0)
Net Income Attributable to Rayonier, L.P.	$8.5	$30.0
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	(0.2)	(0.7)
Net Income Attributable to Rayonier Inc.	$8.3	$29.3
Adjusted EBITDA (d)
Southern Timber	$42.8	$48.4
Pacific Northwest Timber	7.1	21.5
New Zealand Timber	6.1	10.4
Real Estate	6.6	24.7
Trading	0.3	0.4
Corporate and Other	(8.2)	(7.2)
Total Adjusted EBITDA	$54.7	$98.1

(a)Includes deferred revenue adjustments, revenue true-ups and marketing fees related to Improved Development sales in addition to residential and commercial lease revenue.

(b)The three months ended March 31, 2023 includes a $2.3 million timber write-off resulting from a casualty event.

(c)The three months ended March 31, 2023 includes a $9.1 million net recovery associated with a legal settlement.

(d)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled in Performance and Liquidity Indicators.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Southern Timber Overview	2023	2022
Sales Volume (in thousands of tons)
Pine Pulpwood	979	1,171
Pine Sawtimber	886	622
Total Pine Volume	1,865	1,793
Hardwood	28	103
Total Volume	1,893	1,896
% Delivered Volume (vs. Total Volume)	36	35
% Pine Sawtimber Volume (vs. Total Pine Volume)	48	35
% Export Volume (vs. Total Volume) (a)	2	1
Net Stumpage Pricing (dollars per ton)
Pine Pulpwood	17.32	24.11
Pine Sawtimber	31.57	35.46
Weighted Average Pine	24.09	28.05
Hardwood	20.07	26.06
Weighted Average Total	24.03	27.94
Summary Financial Data (in millions of dollars)
Timber Sales	62.4	71.0
Less: Cut and Haul	(15.7)	(15.6)
Less: Port and Freight	(1.5)	(2.4)
Net Stumpage Sales	45.3	53.0
Non-Timber Sales	9.4	5.8
Total Sales	71.8	76.8
Operating Income	22.2	30.3
(+) Depreciation, depletion and amortization	20.6	18.1
Adjusted EBITDA (b)	42.8	48.4
Other Data
Period-End Acres (in thousands)	1,910	1,795

All values are in US Dollars.

(a)Estimated percentage of export volume, which includes volumes sold to third-party exporters in addition to direct exports through our log export program.

(b)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled in Performance and Liquidity Indicators.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
Pacific Northwest Timber Overview	2023	2022
Sales Volume (in thousands of tons)
Pulpwood	77	76
Domestic Sawtimber (a)	284	426
Export Sawtimber	23	3
Total Volume	384	505
% Delivered Volume (vs. Total Volume)	97	82
% Sawtimber Volume (vs. Total Volume)	80	85
% Export Volume (vs. Total Volume) (b)	13	5
Delivered Log Pricing (in dollars per ton)
Pulpwood	48.23	37.69
Domestic Sawtimber	93.12	105.82
Export Sawtimber (c)	163.16	92.07
Weighted Average Log Price	88.17	95.35
Summary Financial Data (in millions of dollars)
Timber Sales	33.5	45.1
Less: Cut and Haul	(17.2)	(16.2)
Less: Port and Freight	(1.4)	(0.1)
Net Stumpage Sales	14.9	28.8
Non-Timber Sales	0.9	1.1
Total Sales	34.4	46.3
Operating (Loss) Income	(3.5)	6.6
(+) Depreciation, depletion and amortization	10.6	14.9
Adjusted EBITDA (d)	7.1	21.5
Other Data
Period-End Acres (in thousands)	474	486
Sawtimber (in dollars per MBF) (e)	730	849

All values are in US Dollars.

(a)Includes volumes sold to third-party exporters.

(b)Estimated percentage of export volume, which includes volumes sold to third-party exporters in addition to direct exports through our log export program.

(c)Prior to Q4 2022, pricing reflects the transfer of logs on an FOB basis, while periods after Q4 2022 reflect pricing on a CFR basis (i.e., inclusive of export costs and freight).

(d)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled in Performance and Liquidity Indicators.

(e)Delivered Sawtimber excluding chip-n-saw.

	Three Months Ended March 31,
New Zealand Timber Overview	2023	2022
Sales Volume (in thousands of tons)
Domestic Pulpwood (Delivered)	55	94
Domestic Sawtimber (Delivered)	137	135
Export Pulpwood (Delivered)	42	36
Export Sawtimber (Delivered)	247	250
Total Volume	481	515
% Delivered Volume (vs. Total Volume)	100	100
% Sawtimber Volume (vs. Total Volume)	80	75
% Export Volume (vs. Total Volume) (a)	60	56
Delivered Log Pricing (in dollars per ton)
Domestic Pulpwood	33.37	34.98
Domestic Sawtimber	71.58	75.99
Export Sawtimber	112.97	127.59
Weighted Average Log Price	90.99	96.59
Summary Financial Data (in millions of dollars)
Timber Sales	43.8	49.7
Less: Cut and Haul	(17.4)	(19.1)
Less: Port and Freight	(11.6)	(15.3)
Net Stumpage Sales	14.8	15.3
Non-Timber Sales / Carbon Credits	0.3	1.7
Total Sales	44.1	51.4
Operating (Loss) Income	(0.7)	5.4
(+) Timber write-off resulting from a casualty event (b)	2.3	—
(+) Depreciation, depletion and amortization	4.5	5.0
Adjusted EBITDA (c)	6.1	10.4
Other Data
New Zealand Dollar to U.S. Dollar Exchange Rate (d)	0.6300	0.6680
Net Plantable Period-End Acres (in thousands)	297	297
Export Sawtimber (in dollars per JAS m3)	131.35	148.35
Domestic Sawtimber (in $NZD per tonne)	124.98	125.13

All values are in US Dollars.

(a)Percentage of export volume includes direct exports through our log export program.

(b)Timber write-off resulting from a casualty event includes the write-off of merchantable and pre-merchantable timber volume damaged by a casualty event which cannot be salvaged.

(c)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled in Performance and Liquidity Indicators.

(d)Represents the period-average rate.


Real Estate Overview	2023	2022
Sales (in millions of dollars)
Improved Development (a)	$4.8	$5.0
Rural	6.5	16.9
Timberland & Non-Strategic	1.6	11.4
Deferred Revenue/Other (b)	3.3	0.9
Total Sales	$16.3	$34.2
Acres Sold
Improved Development (a)	27.9	16.1
Rural	1,531	4,751
Timberland & Non-Strategic	528	3,966
Total Acres Sold	2,087	8,734
Gross Price per Acre (dollars per acre)
Improved Development (a)	$172,420	$308,065
Rural	4,245	3,567
Timberland & Non-Strategic	3,100	2,874
Weighted Average (Total)	$6,200	$3,815
Weighted Average (Adjusted) (c)	$3,952	$3,252
Operating Income	$0.9	$10.2
(+) Depreciation, depletion and amortization	1.5	9.1
(+) Non-cash cost of land and improved development	4.2	5.4
Adjusted EBITDA (d)	$6.6	$24.7

(a)Reflects land with capital invested in infrastructure improvements.

(b)Includes deferred revenue adjustments, revenue true-ups and marketing fees related to Improved Development sales in addition to residential and commercial lease revenue.

(c)Excludes Improved Development.

(d)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled in Performance and Liquidity Indicators.


Trading Overview	2023	2022
Sales Volume (in thousands of tons)
U.S.	13	17
NZ	92	95
Total Volume	105	112
Summary Financial Data (in millions of dollars)
Trading Sales	$12.1	$13.1
Non-Timber Sales	0.5	0.4
Total Sales	$12.6	$13.4
Operating Income	$0.3	$0.4
Adjusted EBITDA (a)	$0.3	$0.4

(a)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled in Performance and Liquidity Indicators.

	Three Months Ended <br>March 31,
Capital Expenditures By Segment (in millions of dollars)	2023	2022
Timber Capital Expenditures
Southern Timber
Reforestation, silviculture and other capital expenditures	$6.9	$2.5
Property taxes	2.0	1.9
Lease payments	0.5	0.7
Allocated overhead	1.5	1.3
Subtotal Southern Timber	$10.8	$6.3
Pacific Northwest Timber
Reforestation, silviculture and other capital expenditures	3.0	3.6
Property taxes	0.3	0.3
Allocated overhead	1.3	1.4
Subtotal Pacific Northwest Timber	$4.5	$5.2
New Zealand Timber
Reforestation, silviculture and other capital expenditures	2.0	2.5
Property taxes	0.2	0.2
Lease payments	0.4	0.5
Allocated overhead	0.7	0.7
Subtotal New Zealand Timber	$3.3	$3.9
Total Timber Segments Capital Expenditures	$18.7	$15.4
Real Estate	0.1	0.2
Total Capital Expenditures	$18.7	$15.6
Timberland Acquisitions
Southern Timber	$5.1	$2.8
Pacific Northwest Timber	3.6	—
Timberland Acquisitions	$8.7	$2.8
Real Estate Development Investments (a)	$7.8	$3.1

(a)Represents investments in master infrastructure or entitlements in our real estate development projects. Real Estate Development Investments are amortized as the underlying properties are sold and included in Non-Cash Cost of Land and Improved Development.

The following tables summarize sales, operating income (loss) and Adjusted EBITDA variances for March 31, 2023 versus March 31, 2022 (millions of dollars):

Sales	Southern Timber	Pacific Northwest Timber	New Zealand Timber	Real Estate	Trading	Intersegment Eliminations	Total
Three Months Ended<br><br>March 31, 2022	76.8	46.3	51.4	$34.2	$13.4	($0.1)	$222.0
Volume	(0.1)	(6.9)	(3.2)	(24.3)	(0.8)	—	(35.3)
Price	(7.4)	(7.0)	—	4.7	(0.1)	—	(9.8)
Non-timber sales	3.6	(0.2)	(1.3)	—	0.1	—	2.2
Foreign exchange (a)	—	—	(0.8)	—	—	—	(0.8)
Other	(1.1)	2.2	(2.0)	1.7	—	—	0.8
Three Months Ended<br><br>March 31, 2023	71.8	34.4	44.1	$16.3	$12.6	($0.1)	$179.1

All values are in US Dollars.

(a) Net of currency hedging impact.

(b) Includes variance due to stumpage versus delivered sales.

Operating Income	Southern Timber	Pacific Northwest Timber	New Zealand Timber	Real Estate	Trading	Corporate and Other	Total
Three Months Ended<br><br>March 31, 2022	$30.3	$6.6	$5.4	$10.2	$0.4	($7.6)	$45.3
Volume	—	(2.5)	(0.8)	(13.6)	—	—	(16.9)
Price (a)	(7.4)	(7.0)	—	4.7	—	—	(9.7)
Cost	(1.8)	(1.1)	(0.8)	(0.4)	(0.2)	(1.0)	(5.3)
Non-timber income (b)	3.7	(0.2)	(1.3)	—	0.1	—	2.3
Foreign exchange (c)	—	—	(0.9)	—	—	—	(0.9)
Depreciation, depletion & amortization	(2.6)	0.7	—	0.9	—	—	(1.0)
Non-cash cost of land and improved development	—	—	—	(2.5)	—	—	(2.5)
Other (d)	—	—	(2.3)	1.6	—	—	(0.7)
Three Months Ended<br><br>March 31, 2023	$22.2	($3.5)	($0.7)	$0.9	$0.3	($8.6)	$10.6

(a)For Timber segments, price reflects net stumpage realizations (i.e., net of cut and haul and shipping costs). For Real Estate, price is presented net of cash closing costs.

(b)For the New Zealand Timber segment, includes carbon credit sales.

(c)Net of currency hedging impact.

(d)New Zealand Timber includes a $2.3 million timber write-off resulting from a casualty event.

Adjusted EBITDA (a)	Southern Timber	Pacific Northwest Timber	New Zealand Timber	Real Estate	Trading	Corporate and Other	Total
Three Months Ended<br><br>March 31, 2022	$48.4	$21.5	$10.4	$24.7	$0.4	($7.2)	$98.1
Volume	(0.1)	(6.1)	(1.0)	(24.3)	—	—	(31.5)
Price (b)	(7.4)	(7.0)	—	4.7	—	—	(9.7)
Cost	(1.8)	(1.1)	(0.8)	(0.4)	(0.2)	(1.0)	(5.3)
Non-timber income (c)	3.7	(0.2)	(1.3)	—	0.1	—	2.3
Foreign exchange (d)	—	—	(1.2)	—	—	—	(1.2)
Other (e)	—	—	—	1.9	—	—	1.9
Three Months Ended<br><br>March 31, 2023	$42.8	$7.1	$6.1	$6.6	$0.3	($8.2)	$54.7

(a)Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure defined and reconciled in Performance and Liquidity Indicators below.

(b)For Timber segments, price reflects net stumpage realizations (i.e., net of cut and haul and shipping costs). For Real Estate, price is presented net of cash closing costs.

(c)For the New Zealand Timber segment, includes carbon credit sales.

(d)Net of currency hedging impact.

(e)New Zealand Timber includes a $2.3 million timber write-off resulting from a casualty event.

SOUTHERN TIMBER

First quarter sales of $71.8 million decreased $4.9 million, or 6%, versus the prior year period. Harvest volumes of 1.89 million tons were flat versus the prior year period. Average pine sawtimber stumpage realizations decreased 11% to $31.57 per ton versus $35.46 per ton in the prior year period, primarily due to drier weather conditions, softer demand from sawmills, and decreased competition from pulp mills for chip-n-saw volume. Average pine pulpwood stumpage realizations decreased 28% to $17.32 per ton versus $24.11 per ton in the prior year period as weaker end-market demand, drier weather conditions, and extended maintenance outages at pulp mills all contributed to softer market conditions. Overall, weighted-average stumpage realizations (including hardwood) decreased 14% to $24.03 per ton versus $27.94 per ton in the prior year period. Operating income of $22.2 million decreased $8.1 million versus the prior year period due to lower net stumpage realizations ($7.4 million), higher depletion rates ($2.6 million), and higher lease expense and other costs ($1.8 million), partially offset by higher non-timber income ($3.7 million). First quarter Adjusted EBITDA of $42.8 million was 12%, or $5.6 million, below the prior year period.

PACIFIC NORTHWEST TIMBER

First quarter sales of $34.4 million decreased $11.9 million, or 26%, versus the prior year period. Harvest volumes decreased 24% to 384,000 tons versus 505,000 tons in the prior year period as some planned harvests were deferred in response to market conditions. Average delivered prices for domestic sawtimber decreased 12% to $93.12 per ton versus $105.82 per ton in the prior year period due to softer domestic demand and less competition from export markets. Average delivered pulpwood prices increased 28% to $48.23 per ton versus $37.69 per ton in the prior year period due to lower sawmill operating rates and increased competition for a limited supply of smaller-sized logs; however, pulpwood prices in the first quarter were well below the extraordinarily high levels realized in the second half of 2022. An operating loss of $3.5 million versus operating income of $6.6 million in the prior year period was primarily due to lower net stumpage realizations ($7.0 million), lower volumes ($2.5 million), higher costs ($1.1 million), and lower non-timber income ($0.2 million), partially offset by lower depletion rates ($0.7 million). First quarter Adjusted EBITDA of $7.1 million was 67%, or $14.4 million, below the prior year period.

NEW ZEALAND TIMBER

First quarter sales of $44.1 million decreased $7.3 million, or 14%, versus the prior year period. Harvest volumes decreased 7% to 481,000 tons versus 515,000 tons in the prior year period, primarily due to lost production days resulting from Cyclone Gabrielle. Average delivered prices for export sawtimber decreased 11% to $112.97 per ton versus $127.59 per ton in the prior year period, driven by weaker demand in China. Average delivered prices for domestic sawtimber declined 6% to $71.58 per ton versus $75.99 per ton in the prior year period. The decrease in domestic sawtimber prices (in U.S. dollar terms) was primarily driven by the decline in the

NZ$/US$ exchange rate (US$0.63 per NZ$1.00 versus US$0.67 per NZ$1.00). Excluding the impact of foreign exchange rates, domestic sawtimber prices remained flat versus the prior year period. An operating loss of $0.7 million versus operating income of $5.4 million in the prior year period was primarily due to a timber write-off resulting from a tropical cyclone casualty event ($2.3 million), lower carbon credit sales ($1.3 million), unfavorable foreign exchange impacts ($0.9 million), higher costs ($0.8 million), and lower volumes ($0.8 million). First quarter Adjusted EBITDA of $6.1 million was 41%, or $4.3 million, below the prior year period.

REAL ESTATE

First quarter sales of $16.3 million decreased $17.9 million versus the prior year period, while operating income of $0.9 million decreased $9.3 million versus the prior year period. Sales and operating income decreased versus the prior year period due to a significantly lower number of acres sold (2,087 acres sold versus 8,734 acres sold in the prior year period), partially offset by a substantial increase in weighted-average prices ($6,200 per acre versus $3,815 per acre in the prior year period).

Improved Development sales of $4.8 million consisted of a 27-acre multifamily apartment site for $4.5 million ($169,000 per acre) and 6 residential lots for $0.3 million ($50,000 per lot or $297,000 per acre) in our Heartwood development project south of Savannah, Georgia. This compares to Improved Development sales of $5.0 million in the prior year period.

Rural sales of $6.5 million consisted of 1,531 acres at an average price of $4,245 per acre. This compares to prior year period sales of $16.9 million, which consisted of 4,751 acres at an average price of $3,567 per acre.

Timberland & Non-Strategic sales of $1.6 million consisted of a 528-acre transaction for $3,100 per acre. This compares to prior year period sales of $11.4 million, which consisted of 3,966 acres at an average price of $2,874 per acre.

First quarter Adjusted EBITDA of $6.6 million was $18.1 million below the prior year period.

TRADING

First quarter sales of $12.6 million decreased $0.9 million versus the prior year period due to lower volumes and prices. Sales volumes decreased 6% to 105,000 tons versus 112,000 tons in the prior year period. The Trading segment generated operating income and Adjusted EBITDA of $0.3 million versus $0.4 million in the prior year period.

OTHER ITEMS

CORPORATE AND OTHER EXPENSE / ELIMINATIONS

First quarter corporate and other operating expenses of $8.6 million increased $1.0 million versus the prior year period, primarily due to higher compensation and benefits expense ($0.4 million) and higher IT and other expenses ($0.6 million).

INTEREST EXPENSE

First quarter interest expense of $11.7 million increased $3.4 million versus the prior year period, primarily due to higher average outstanding debt and a higher weighted-average interest rate.

INTEREST AND OTHER MISCELLANEOUS INCOME (EXPENSE), NET

First quarter interest and other miscellaneous income, net of $9.6 million, includes $9.1 million of a net recovery associated with a legal settlement.

INCOME TAX EXPENSE

First quarter income tax expense of $1.1 million decreased $4.5 million versus the prior year period. The New Zealand subsidiary is the primary driver of income tax expense.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Our principal source of cash is cash flow from operations, primarily the harvesting of timber and sales of real estate. As an UPREIT, our main use of cash is dividends and unitholder distributions. We also use cash to maintain the productivity of our timberlands through replanting and silviculture. Our operations have generally produced consistent cash flow and required limited capital resources. Short-term borrowings have helped fund working capital needs, while acquisitions of timberlands generally require funding from external sources or Large Dispositions.

SUMMARY OF LIQUIDITY AND FINANCING COMMITMENTS

	March 31,	December 31,
(millions of dollars)	2023	2022
Cash and cash equivalents	98.7	114.3
Total debt (a)	1,522.2	1,523.1
Noncontrolling interests in the operating partnership	82.5	105.8
Shareholders’ equity	1,854.8	1,880.7
Total capitalization (total debt plus permanent and temporary equity)	3,459.5	3,509.6
Debt to capital ratio	44	43
Net debt to enterprise value (b)(c)	22	22

All values are in US Dollars.

(a)Total debt as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 reflects principal on long-term debt, gross of deferred financing costs and unamortized discounts.

(b)Net debt is calculated as total debt less cash and cash equivalents.

(c)Enterprise value based on market capitalization (including Rayonier, L.P. “OP” units) plus net debt based on Rayonier’s share price of $33.26 and $32.96 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

AT-THE-MARKET (“ATM”) EQUITY OFFERING PROGRAM

On November 4, 2022 we entered into a new distribution agreement with a group of sales agents through which we may sell common shares, from time to time, having an aggregate sales price of up to $300 million (the “2022 ATM Program”). As of March 31, 2023, $270.7 million remains available for issuance under the program.

The following table outlines common share issuances pursuant to our ATM program (dollars in millions):


	2023	2022
Shares of common stock issued under the ATM program	400	726,248
Average price per share sold under the ATM program	$34.03	$41.46
Gross proceeds from common shares issued under the ATM program	—	$30.1

CASH FLOWS

The following table summarizes our cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

(millions of dollars)	2023	2022
Cash provided by (used for):
Operating activities	$64.0	$49.7
Investing activities	(32.2)	(18.9)
Financing activities	(43.1)	(134.7)

CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES

Cash provided by operating activities increased $14.3 million from the prior year period primarily due to changes in working capital, offset by lower operating results.

CASH USED FOR INVESTING ACTIVITIES

Cash used for investing activities increased $13.3 million from the prior year period due to higher timberland acquisitions ($5.9 million), higher real estate development investments ($4.6 million), and higher capital expenditures ($3.1 million), partially offset by other investing activities ($0.3 million).

CASH USED FOR FINANCING ACTIVITIES

Cash used for financing activities decreased $91.6 million from the prior year period. This is primarily due to lower net borrowings ($122.9 million), lower distributions to consolidated affiliates ($2.7 million), and lower share repurchases ($0.2 million), partially offset by lower net proceeds from the issuance of common shares under the ATM equity offering program ($30.9 million), higher dividends paid on common shares ($2.7 million), and lower proceeds from the issuance of common shares under the Company’s incentive stock plan ($0.6 million).

FUTURE USES OF CASH

We expect future uses of cash to include working capital requirements, principal and interest payments on long-term debt, lease payments, capital expenditures, real estate development investments, timberland acquisitions, dividends on Rayonier Inc. common shares and distributions on Rayonier, L.P. units, distributions to noncontrolling interests, and repurchases of the Company’s common shares to satisfy other commitments.

Significant long-term uses of cash include the following (in millions):

Future uses of cash (in millions)		Total	Payments Due by Period
	2023		2024-2025	2026-2027	Thereafter
Long-term debt (a)		$1,522.2	—	$21.7	$500.5	$1,000.0
Interest payments on long-term debt (b)		419.9	62.7	158.8	131.7	66.7
Operating leases — timberland (c)		189.2	7.0	16.6	14.9	150.7
Operating leases — PP&E, offices (c)		7.1	1.2	2.1	1.0	2.8
Commitments — development projects (d)		29.1	24.7	0.5	0.5	3.4
Commitments — derivatives (e)		4.3	3.7	0.6	—	—
Commitments — environmental remediation (f)		15.5	1.1	10.2	1.4	2.8
Commitments — other (g)		10.2	0.6	9.6	—	—
Total		$2,197.5	$101.0	$220.1	$650.0	$1,226.4

(a)The book value of long-term debt, net of deferred financing costs and unamortized discounts, is currently recorded at $1,514.1 million on our Consolidated Balance Sheets, but upon maturity the liability will be $1,522.2 million. See Note 6 - Debt for additional information.

(b)Projected interest payments for variable-rate debt were calculated based on outstanding principal amounts and interest rates as of March 31, 2023.

(c)Excludes anticipated renewal options.

(d)Commitments — developmental projects primarily consists of payments expected to be made on our Wildlight and Heartwood projects.

(e)Commitments — derivatives represent payments expected to be made on derivative financial instruments (foreign exchange contracts). See Note 7 — Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities for additional information.

(f)Commitments — environmental remediation represents our estimate of potential liability associated with environmental contamination and Natural Resource Damages in Port Gamble, Washington. See Note10-EnvironmentalandNaturalResourceDamageLiabilities for additional information.

(g)Commitments — other includes $8.9 million related to pension plan termination. See Note 15 - EmployeeBenefit Plans for additional information.

We expect to fund future uses of cash with a combination of existing cash balances, cash generated by operating activities, the remaining issuances available under the Company’s ATM Program, Large Dispositions and the use of our revolving credit facilities. We believe we have sufficient sources of funding to meet our business requirements for the next 12 months and in the longer term.

EXPECTED 2023 EXPENDITURES

Capital expenditures in 2023 are expected to be between $85 million and $87 million, excluding any strategic timberland acquisitions we may make. Capital expenditures are expected to primarily consist of seedling planting, fertilization and other silvicultural activities, property taxes, lease payments, allocated overhead and other capitalized costs. Aside from capital expenditures, we may also acquire timberland as we actively evaluate acquisition opportunities.

We anticipate real estate development investments in 2023 to be between $25 million and $28 million, net of reimbursements from community development bonds. Expected real estate development investments are primarily related to Wildlight, our mixed-use community development project located north of Jacksonville, Florida and Heartwood, our mixed-use development project located in Richmond Hill just south of Savannah, Georgia.

Our 2023 dividend payments on Rayonier Inc. common shares and distributions to Rayonier, L.P. unitholders are expected to be approximately $169 million and $3 million, respectively, assuming no change in the quarterly dividend rate of $0.285 per share or partnership unit, or material changes in the number of shares or partnership units outstanding.

Future share repurchases, if any, will depend on the Company’s liquidity and cash flow, as well as general market conditions and other considerations including capital allocation priorities.

Full-year 2023 cash tax payments are expected to be between $5.0 million and $7.0 million, primarily related to the New Zealand subsidiary.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

We utilize off-balance sheet arrangements to provide credit support for certain suppliers and vendors in case of their default on critical obligations, and collateral for outstanding claims under our previous workers’ compensation self-insurance programs. These arrangements consist of standby letters of credit and surety bonds. As part of our ongoing operations, we also periodically issue guarantees to third parties. Off-balance sheet arrangements are not considered a source of liquidity or capital resources and do not expose us to material risks or material unfavorable financial impacts. See Note 11 — Guarantees for details on the letters of credit and surety bonds as of March 31, 2023.

SUMMARY OF GUARANTOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION

In May 2021, Rayonier, L.P. issued $450 million of 2.75% Senior Notes due 2031 (the “Senior Notes due 2031”). Rayonier TRS Holdings Inc., Rayonier Inc., and Rayonier Operating Company, LLC agreed to irrevocably, fully and unconditionally guarantee jointly and severally, the obligations of Rayonier, L.P. in regards to the Senior Notes due 2031. As a general partner of Rayonier, L.P., Rayonier Inc. consolidates Rayonier, L.P. and has no material assets or liabilities other than its interest in Rayonier, L.P. These notes are unsecured and unsubordinated and will rank equally with all other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness from time to time outstanding.

Rayonier, L.P. is a limited partnership, in which Rayonier Inc. is the general partner. The operating subsidiaries of Rayonier, L.P. conduct all of our operations. Rayonier, L.P.’s most significant assets are its interest in operating subsidiaries, which have been excluded in the table below to eliminate intercompany transactions between the issuer and guarantors and to exclude investments in non-guarantors. As a result, our ability to make required payments on the notes depends on the performance of our operating subsidiaries and their ability to distribute funds to us. There are no material restrictions on dividends from the operating subsidiaries.

The summarized balance sheet information for the consolidated obligor group of debt issued by Rayonier, L.P. for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and year ended December 31, 2022 are provided in the table below:

(in millions)	March 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
Current assets	$89.1	$112.2
Non-current assets	110.1	122.8
Current liabilities	22.5	19.8
Non-current liabilities	1,973.8	2,001.9
Due to non-guarantors	491.5	520.4

The summarized results of operations information for the consolidated obligor group of debt issued by Rayonier, L.P. for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and year ended December 31, 2022 are provided in the table below:

(in millions)	March 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
Cost and expenses	($7.2)	($28.9)
Operating loss	(7.2)	(28.9)
Net loss	(16.0)	(54.3)
Revenue from non-guarantors	179.1	977.9

PERFORMANCE AND LIQUIDITY INDICATORS

The discussion below is presented to enhance the reader’s understanding of our operating performance, liquidity, and ability to generate cash and satisfy rating agency and creditor requirements. This information includes two measures of financial results: Adjusted Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”) and Cash Available for Distribution (“CAD”). These measures are not defined by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”), and the discussion of Adjusted EBITDA and CAD is not intended to conflict with or change any of the GAAP disclosures described above.

Management uses CAD as a liquidity measure. CAD is a non-GAAP measure of cash generated during a period that is available for common share dividends, distributions to operating partnership unitholders, distributions to noncontrolling interests, repurchase of the Company’s common shares, debt reduction, timberland acquisitions and real estate development investments. CAD is defined as cash provided by operating activities adjusted for capital spending (excluding timberland acquisitions and real estate development investments) and working capital and other balance sheet changes. CAD is not necessarily indicative of the CAD that may be generated in future periods.

Management uses Adjusted EBITDA as a performance measure. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure that management uses to make strategic decisions about the business and that investors can use to evaluate the operational performance of the assets under management. It excludes specific items that management believes are not indicative of the Company’s ongoing operating results. We define Adjusted EBITDA as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, depletion, amortization, the non-cash cost of land and improved development, non-operating income and expense, and timber write-offs resulting from casualty events.

We reconcile Adjusted EBITDA to Net Income for the consolidated Company and to Operating Income for the segments, as those are the most comparable GAAP measures for each. The following table provides a reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA for the respective periods (in millions of dollars):

	Three Months Ended <br>March 31,
	2023	2022
Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliation
Net Income	$7.4	$31.0
Interest, net and miscellaneous income	11.2	8.2
Income tax expense	1.1	5.5
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	37.6	47.4
Non-cash cost of land and improved development	4.2	5.4
Non-operating (income) expense (a)	(9.1)	0.6
Timber write-off resulting from a casualty event (b)	2.3	—
Adjusted EBITDA	$54.7	$98.1

(a)The three months ended March 31, 2023 includes a $9.1 million net recovery associated with a legal settlement.

(b)Timber write-off resulting from a casualty event includes the write-off of merchantable and pre-merchantable timber volume damaged by a casualty event which cannot be salvaged.

The following tables provide a reconciliation of Operating Income by segment to Adjusted EBITDA by segment for the respective periods (in millions of dollars):

Three Months Ended	Southern Timber	Pacific Northwest Timber	New Zealand Timber	Real Estate	Trading	Corporate<br>and<br>Other	Total
March 31, 2023
Operating income (loss)	$22.2	($3.5)	($0.7)	$0.9	$0.3	($8.6)	$10.6
Timber write-off resulting from a casualty event (a)	—	—	2.3	—	—	—	2.3
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	20.6	10.6	4.5	1.5	—	0.4	37.6
Non-cash cost of land and improved development	—	—	—	4.2	—	—	4.2
Adjusted EBITDA	$42.8	$7.1	$6.1	$6.6	$0.3	($8.2)	$54.7
March 31, 2022
Operating income	$30.3	$6.6	$5.4	$10.2	$0.4	($7.6)	$45.3
Depreciation, depletion and amortization	18.1	14.9	5.0	9.1	—	0.3	47.4
Non-cash cost of land and improved development	—	—	—	5.4	—	—	5.4
Adjusted EBITDA	$48.4	$21.5	$10.4	$24.7	$0.4	($7.2)	$98.1

(a)Timber write-off resulting from a casualty event includes the write-off of merchantable and pre-merchantable timber volume damaged by a casualty event which cannot be salvaged.

The following table provides a reconciliation of Cash Provided by Operating Activities to Adjusted CAD (in millions of dollars):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023	2022
Cash provided by operating activities	$64.0	$49.7
Capital expenditures (a)	(18.7)	(15.6)
Working capital and other balance sheet changes	(15.3)	30.4
CAD	$30.0	$64.5
Mandatory debt repayments	—	(2.1)
CAD after mandatory debt repayments	$30.0	$62.4	Cash used for investing activities	($32.2)	($18.9)
---	---	---
Cash used for financing activities	($43.1)	($134.7)

(a) Capital expenditures exclude timberland acquisitions of $8.7 million and $2.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022, respectively.

The following table provides supplemental cash flow data (in millions of dollars):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023	2022
Purchase of timberlands	($8.7)	($2.8)
Real Estate Development Investments	(7.8)	(3.1)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests in consolidated affiliates	—	(2.7)

LIQUIDITY FACILITIES

2023 DEBT ACTIVITY

See Note 6 — Debt for additional information.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

We are exposed to various market risks, including changes in interest rates, commodity prices and foreign exchange rates. Our objective is to minimize the economic impact of these market risks. We use derivatives in accordance with policies and procedures approved by the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. Derivatives are managed by a senior executive committee whose responsibilities include initiating, managing and monitoring resulting exposures. We do not enter into financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Interest Rate Risk

Due to the upcoming discontinuation of LIBOR on June 30, 2023, we amended our outstanding variable rate debt agreements and active interest rate swaps to change the interest rate benchmark from LIBOR to Daily Simple SOFR in December 2022. In March 2023, we modified our benchmark rates from LIBOR to Daily Simple SOFR for our forward-starting interest rates swaps. We are exposed to interest rate risk through our variable rate debt, primarily due to changes in SOFR. However, we use interest rate swaps to manage our exposure to interest rate movements on our term credit agreements by swapping existing and anticipated future borrowings from floating rates to fixed rates. As of March 31, 2023, we had $1 billion of U.S. long-term variable rate debt outstanding on our term credit agreements.

The notional amount of outstanding interest rate swap contracts with respect to our term credit agreements at March 31, 2023 was $850 million. The $350 million 2015 Term Loan Facility matures in April 2028, with the associated interest rate swaps maturing in August 2024. We have entered into forward starting interest rate swaps to cover $150 million of the 2015 Term Loan Facility through the extended maturity date. The 2016 Incremental Term Loan Facility and associated interest rate swaps mature in May 2026, and the 2021 Incremental Term Loan Facility and associated interest rate swaps mature in June 2029. We have entered into an interest rate swap agreement to cover $100 million of borrowings under the 2022 Incremental Term Loan Facility through the maturity date in December 2027. At this borrowing level, a hypothetical one-percentage point increase/decrease in interest rates would result in a corresponding increase/decrease in interest payments and expense of approximately $1.5 million over a 12-month period.

The fair market value of our fixed interest rate debt is also subject to interest rate risk. The estimated fair value of our fixed rate debt at March 31, 2023 was $441.2 million compared to the $522.2 million principal amount. We use interest rates of debt with similar terms and maturities to estimate the fair value of our debt. Generally, the fair market value of fixed-rate debt will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. A hypothetical one-percentage point increase/decrease in prevailing interest rates at March 31, 2023 would result in a corresponding decrease/increase in the fair value of our fixed rate debt of approximately $27 million and $29 million, respectively.

We estimate the periodic effective interest rate on our long-term fixed and variable rate debt to be approximately 3.1% after consideration of interest rate swaps and estimated patronage refunds, excluding unused commitment fees on the revolving credit facility.

The following table summarizes our outstanding debt, interest rate swaps and average interest rates, by year of expected maturity and their fair values at March 31, 2023:

(Dollars in thousands)	2023	2024	2025	2026	2027	Thereafter	Total	Fair Value
Variable rate debt:
Principal amounts	—	—	—	200,000	250,000	550,000	1,000,000	$1,000,000
Average interest rate (a)(b)	—	—	—	6.39	6.34	6.32	6.34
Fixed rate debt:
Principal amounts	—	—	21,669	25,280	25,280	450,000	522,229	$441,247
Average interest rate (b)	—	—	2.95	3.64	6.48	2.75	2.98
Interest rate swaps:
Notional amount	—	350,000	—	200,000	100,000	200,000	850,000	$48,976
Average pay rate (b)	—	2.18	—	1.50	3.72	0.67	1.85
Average receive rate (b)	—	4.64	—	4.64	4.64	4.64	4.64
Forward-starting interest rate swaps
Notional amount	—	—	—	—	—	150,000	150,000	$10,456
Average pay rate (b)	—	—	—	—	—	0.73	0.73
Average receive rate (b)	—	—	—	—	—	4.64	4.64

All values are in US Dollars.

(a) Excludes estimated patronage refunds.

(b) Interest rates as of March 31, 2023.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

The New Zealand subsidiary’s export sales are predominately denominated in U.S. dollars, and therefore its cash flows are affected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between the New Zealand dollar and the U.S. dollar. This exposure is partially managed by a natural currency hedge, as ocean freight payments and shareholder distributions are also paid in U.S. dollars. We manage any excess foreign exchange exposure through the use of derivative financial instruments.

Foreign Exchange Exposure

At March 31, 2023, the New Zealand subsidiary had foreign currency exchange contracts with a notional amount of $128.8 million and foreign currency option contracts with a notional amount of $78.0 million outstanding related to foreign export sales. The amount hedged represents a portion of forecasted U.S. dollar denominated export timber and log trading sales proceeds over the next 36 months and next 2 months, respectively.

The following table summarizes our outstanding foreign currency exchange rate risk contracts at March 31, 2023:

(Dollars in thousands)	0-1 months	1-2 months	2-3 months	3-6 months	6-12 months	12-18 months	18-24 months	24-36 months	Total	Fair Value
Foreign exchange contracts to sell U.S. dollar for New Zealand dollar
Notional amount	$10,000	$8,750	$7,000	$20,500	$29,000	$27,000	$7,500	$19,000	$128,750	($3,153)
Average contract rate	1.4970	1.4827	1.4950	1.4977	1.5265	1.6140	1.7239	1.6505	1.5631
Foreign currency option contracts to sell U.S. dollar for New Zealand dollar
Notional amount	—	—	$2,000	$6,000	$12,000	$8,000	$24,000	$26,000	$78,000	$298
Average strike price	—	—	1.4744	1.4829	1.5368	1.6383	1.6446	1.7173	1.6348

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Rayonier Inc.

Rayonier’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate disclosure controls and procedures. Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e)) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), are designed with the objective of ensuring information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported or submitted within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no control evaluation can provide absolute assurance that all control exceptions and instances of fraud have been prevented or detected on a timely basis. Even systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance that their objectives are achieved.

Based on an evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2023.

In the quarter ended March 31, 2023, based upon the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) under the Exchange Act, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that would materially affect or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.

Rayonier, L.P.

The Operating Partnership is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate disclosure controls and procedures. Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e)) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), are designed with the objective of ensuring information required to be disclosed by Rayonier, L.P. in reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported or submitted within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including Rayonier’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Based on an evaluation of the Operating Partnership’s disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, management, including Rayonier’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2023.

In the quarter ended March 31, 2023, based upon the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) under the Exchange Act, there were no changes in internal controls over financial reporting that would materially affect or are reasonably likely to materially affect internal controls over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The information set forth in Note 9 — Contingencies and in Note 10 – Environmental and Natural Resource Damage Liabilities in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” under Item 1 of Part I of this report is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Rayonier Inc.

REGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

From time to time, the Company may issue its common shares in exchange for units in the Operating Partnership. Such shares are issued based on an exchange ratio of one common share for each unit in the Operating Partnership. During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, the Company issued 729,551 common shares in exchange for an equal number of units in the Operating Partnership pursuant to the agreement of the Operating Partnership.

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

In February 2016, the Board of Directors approved the repurchase of up to $100 million of Rayonier’s common shares (the “share repurchase program”) to be made at management’s discretion. The program has no time limit and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. There were no shares repurchased under this program in the first quarter of 2023. As of March 31, 2023, there was $87.7 million, or approximately 2,637,656 shares based on the period-end closing stock price of $33.26, remaining under this program.

The following table provides information regarding our purchases of Rayonier common shares during the quarter ended March 31, 2023:

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (a)	Average Price Paid per Share	Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (b)	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (c)
January 1 to January 31	1,167	$34.96	—	2,410,785
February 1 to February 28	—	—	—	2,612,521
March 1 to March 31	—	—	—	2,637,656
Total	1,167		—

(a)Includes 1,167 shares repurchased to satisfy tax withholding requirements related to the vesting of shares under the Rayonier Incentive Stock Plan. The price per share surrendered is based on the closing price of the Company’s common shares on the respective vesting dates of the awards.

(b)Purchases made in open-market transactions under the $100 million share repurchase program announced on February 10, 2016.

(c)Maximum number of shares authorized to be purchased under the share repurchase program at the end of January, February and March are based on month-end closing stock prices of $36.39, $33.58 and $33.26, respectively.

Rayonier, L.P.

UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

There were no unregistered sales of equity securities made by the Operating Partnership during the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Pursuant to the Operating Partnership’s limited partnership agreement, limited partners have the right to redeem their units in the Operating Partnership for cash, or at our election, shares of Rayonier Common Stock on a one-for-one basis. During the quarter ended March 31, 2023, 729,551 units in the Operating Partnership held by limited partners were redeemed in exchange for shares of Rayonier Common Stock.

Item 6. EXHIBITS

10.1	2023 Performance Share Award Program*	Filed herewith
22.1	List of Guarantor Subsidiaries	Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 22.1 to the Registrant’s June 30, 2022 Form 10-Q
31.1	Rayonier Inc. - Chief Executive Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) and pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed herewith
31.2	Rayonier Inc. - Chief Financial Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) and pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed herewith
31.3	Rayonier, L.P. - Chief Executive Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) and pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed herewith
31.4	Rayonier, L.P. - Chief Financial Officer’s Certification Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) and pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Filed herewith
32.1	Rayonier Inc. - Certification of Periodic Financial Reports Under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Furnished herewith
32.2	Rayonier, L.P. - Certification of Periodic Financial Reports Under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002	Furnished herewith
101	The following financial information from Rayonier Inc. and Rayonier, L.P.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2023, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (“XBRL”), includes: (i) the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 of Rayonier Inc.; (ii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 of Rayonier Inc.; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 of Rayonier Inc.; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 of Rayonier Inc.; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 of Rayonier, L.P.; (vi) the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 of Rayonier, L.P.; (vii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Capital for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 of Rayonier, L.P.; (viii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 of Rayonier, L.P.; and (ix) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of Rayonier Inc. and Rayonier, L.P.	Filed herewith
104	The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q from the quarter ended March 31, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101).	Filed herewith

* Management contract or compensatory plan

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each of the registrants has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	RAYONIER INC.
By:	/s/ APRIL TICE
	April Tice<br><br>Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer<br><br>(Duly Authorized Officer, Principal Accounting Officer)

Date: May 5, 2023

	RAYONIER, L.P.
	By: RAYONIER INC., its sole general partner
By:	/s/ APRIL TICE
	April Tice<br><br>Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer<br><br>(Duly Authorized Officer, Principal Accounting Officer)

Date: May 5, 2023

Document

EXHIBIT 10.1

Rayonier

2023 Performance Share Award Program

The number of shares to which a participant could become entitled under the 2023 Performance Share Award Program (the “Program”) can range from 0% to a maximum of 175% of the Target Award depending on Rayonier’s total shareholder return (“TSR”) performance for the Performance Period of April 1, 2023 through March 31, 2026, as compared to the TSR performance of the companies comprising the FTSE NAREIT All Equity REIT Index for the same period. There will be no payout if results fall below the 25th percentile performance threshold.

•TSR is defined as stock price appreciation plus the reinvestment of dividends on the ex-dividend date. For purposes of performance measurement, TSR shall be the final reported figure as may be adjusted by the Committee for unusual, special or non-recurring items to avoid distortion in the operation of the Program.

•TSR over the Performance Period will be calculated by measuring the value of a hypothetical $100 investment in Rayonier shares as compared to an equal investment in each of the peer group companies.

•TSR calculations of stock price appreciation will be the average of the closing prices of Rayonier common shares and that of each of the peer group companies for the 20 trading dates prior to the start of the Performance Period and last 20 trading dates of the Performance Period.

•Each timber peer (Weyerhaeuser and PotlatchDeltic) included in the FTSE NAREIT All Equity REIT Index will be counted in the percentile calculation five times, whereas all other companies comprising the index will be counted only once.

•The companies comprising the FTSE NAREIT All Equity REIT Index will be determined at the start of the Performance Period.

The final number of shares earned, if any, will be determined as follows:

•The TSR performance of Rayonier and the peer group companies will be calculated and Rayonier’s relative performance, on a percentile basis, is determined.

•The payout percentage of Target Award based on Rayonier’s percentile TSR performance against the peer group companies will be calculated per the following table:

Percentile Rank	Award (Expressed As Percent of Target Award)
75th and Above	175%
51st –74th	100%, plus 3.0% for each incremental percentile position over the 50th percentile
50th	100%
26th – 49th	50%, plus 2.0% for each incremental percentile position over the 25th percentile
25th	50%
Below 25th	0%

•The payout percentage may not exceed 100% of the Target Award if Rayonier’s TSR for the Performance Period is negative.

•If the fair market value, including dividends, of the payment due to the participant is greater than 4 times the fair market value of the target award on date of grant (the “Cap”), determined by multiplying the target shares times the grant price, the payout percentage shall be adjusted such that the fair market value of such payment does not exceed the Cap. The number of units earned shall be reduced to the extent necessary to meet the Cap.

•Payment, if any, is to be made in Rayonier Common Shares, and may be offset, to the extent allowed under applicable regulations, by the number of shares equal in value to the amount needed to cover associated tax liabilities.

•Dividend equivalents and interest will be paid in cash on the number of Rayonier Common Shares earned under the Program. Dividends will be calculated by taking the dividends paid on one share of Rayonier Common Stock during the Performance Period times the number of shares awarded at the end of the period. Interest on such dividends will be earned at a rate equal to the prime rate as reported in the Wall Street Journal, adjusted and compounded annually, from the date such cash dividends were paid by the Company.

•Awards will be valued on April 14 following the end of the Performance Period. If April 14 is a non-trading day, then the next trading following April 14 will be used. Awards, including dividends and interest, will be distributed to participants as soon as practicable following the valuation date, but in no event later than fifteen (15) days after the valuation date.

•In cases of termination of participant’s employment due to Death or Total Disability, in accordance with Plan provisions, outstanding Performance Shares will remain outstanding and will vest subject to the terms and conditions of the Award Agreement and this Performance Share Award Program document. Any Performance Shares earned based on performance during the full Performance Period will be prorated based on the portion of the Performance Period during which the participant was employed by the Company, with payment of any such earned Performance Shares to occur at the time that the Awards are paid to employees generally.

•Notwithstanding any other provision in this Plan to the contrary, any award or shares issued hereunder and any amount received with respect to the sale of any such Award or shares, shall be subject to potential cancellation, recoupment, rescission, payback, or other action in accordance with the terms of the Company’s Clawback Policy as in effect from time to time (the “Clawback Policy”).

•Vice Presidents and above will be subject to a one year post vesting holding period. While up to 50% of the shares can be used to cover associated tax liabilities upon vesting, the remaining shares are subject to the holding period and will be held in a restricted account for one year. The only exceptions to the holding period are Death, Total Disability or a Change in Control and are subject to approval by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.

•Peer group changes during the Performance Period will be handled as follows:

oIn the event of a merger, acquisition, or business combination transaction of a peer company by or with another peer company, the surviving entity shall remain a peer company and the acquired entity shall be removed from the peer group.

oIn the event of a merger, acquisition or business combination transaction of a peer company by or with an entity that is not a peer company, where the peer company is the surviving entity and remains publicly traded, the peer company shall remain in the peer group.

oIn the event of a merger, acquisition or business combination transaction of a peer company by or with an entity that is not a peer company or a “going private” transaction involving a peer company, where the peer company is not the surviving entity or is otherwise no longer publicly traded, the peer company shall be removed from the peer group.

oIn the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation or delisting of a peer company, such company shall remain a peer company but be forced to the lowest performance within the peer group.

oIn the event of a stock distribution from a peer company consisting of the shares of a new publicly-traded company (a “spin-off”), the peer company shall remain a peer company and the stock distribution shall be treated as a dividend from the peer company based on the closing price of the shares of the spun-off company on its first day of trading. The performance of the shares of the spun-off company shall not thereafter be tracked for purposes of calculating TSR.

Document

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, David L. Nunes, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Rayonier Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant's other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 5, 2023

/S/ DAVID L. NUNES
David L. Nunes<br><br>Chief Executive Officer, Rayonier Inc.

Document

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Mark McHugh, certify that:

I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Rayonier Inc.;

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 5, 2023

/s/ MARK MCHUGH
Mark McHugh<br><br>President and Chief Financial Officer, Rayonier Inc.

Document

EXHIBIT 31.3

CERTIFICATION

I, David L. Nunes, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Rayonier, L.P.;

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 5, 2023

/S/ DAVID L. NUNES
David L. Nunes<br><br>Chief Executive Officer of Rayonier Inc., General Partner

Document

EXHIBIT 31.4

CERTIFICATION

I, Mark McHugh, certify that:

I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Rayonier, L.P.;

b.Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 5, 2023

/s/ MARK MCHUGH
Mark McHugh<br><br>President and Chief Financial Officer<br><br>of Rayonier Inc., General Partner

Document

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION

The undersigned hereby certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that to our knowledge:

1.The quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Rayonier Inc. (the "Company") for the period ended March 31, 2023 (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

May 5, 2023

/s/ DAVID L. NUNES	/s/ MARK MCHUGH
David L. Nunes	Mark McHugh
Chief Executive Officer, Rayonier Inc.	President and Chief Financial Officer, Rayonier Inc.
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Rayonier, Inc. and will be retained by Rayonier, Inc. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
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Document

EXHIBIT 32.2

CERTIFICATION

The undersigned hereby certify, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, that to our knowledge:

1.The quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Rayonier, L.P. (the "Rayonier Operating Partnership") for the period ended March 31, 2023 (the "Report") fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Rayonier Operating Partnership.

May 5, 2023

/s/ DAVID L. NUNES	/s/ MARK MCHUGH
David L. Nunes	Mark McHugh
Chief Executive Officer of Rayonier Inc., General Partner	President and Chief Financial Officer of Rayonier Inc., General Partner
A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to Rayonier, L.P. and will be retained by Rayonier, L.P. and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff upon request.
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10-Q

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

RAYONIER INC.

Rayonier, L.P.

1 RAYONIER WAY

WILDLIGHT, FL 32097

Telephone Number: (904) 357-9100

EXPLANATORY NOTE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (CONTINUED)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN CAPITAL

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION

SUMMARY OF UPDATES TO SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

REVENUE RECOGNITION

NON-TIMBER SALES

Carbon Capture and Storage Sales

NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

2. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. REVENUE

PERFORMANCE OBLIGATIONS

CONTRACT BALANCES

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

4. NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS

NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS IN CONSOLIDATED AFFILIATES

Matariki Forestry Group

NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS IN THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

5. EARNINGS PER SHARE AND PER UNIT

RAYONIER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

RAYONIER, L.P. AND SUBSIDIARIES