8-K - AMH - Equibles

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 8-K

CURRENT REPORT

PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): February 22, 2024

AMH_Master-Logo-v1.0_rgb.jpg

AMERICAN HOMES 4 RENT

AMERICAN HOMES 4 RENT, L.P.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

American Homes 4 Rent	Maryland	001-36013	46-1229660
American Homes 4 Rent, L.P.	Delaware	333-221878-02	80-0860173
	(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)	(Commission File Number)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)

280 Pilot Road

Las Vegas, Nevada 89119

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(805) 413-5300

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:

☐	Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
☐	Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
☐	Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
☐	Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading symbols	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common shares of beneficial interest, $.01 par value	AMH	New York Stock Exchange
Series G perpetual preferred shares of beneficial interest, $.01 par value	AMH-G	New York Stock Exchange
Series H perpetual preferred shares of beneficial interest, $.01 par value	AMH-H	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

The information in Item 2.02 of this Form 8-K, including Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2, shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Exchange Act, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition

On February 22, 2024, American Homes 4 Rent (“AMH”) issued a press release announcing its financial results for the quarter and year ended December 31, 2023, together with a Fourth Quarter 2023 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information Package. A copy of the press release and the Fourth Quarter 2023 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information Package are furnished as Exhibits 99.1 and 99.2, respectively, to this Current Report on Form 8-K and are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits

(d)Exhibits

Exhibit 99.1—Press Release dated February 22, 2024 concerning financial results, including financial tables

Exhibit 99.2—Fourth Quarter 2023 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information Package

Exhibit 104—Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the inline XBRL document)

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrants have duly caused this report to be signed on their behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

Date: February 22, 2024

AMERICAN HOMES 4 RENT
By:	/s/ Sara H. Vogt-Lowell
	Sara H. Vogt-Lowell
	Chief Legal Officer
AMERICAN HOMES 4 RENT, L.P.
---	---
By:	American Homes 4 Rent, its General Partner
By:	/s/ Sara H. Vogt-Lowell
	Sara H. Vogt-Lowell
	Chief Legal Officer

Document

Exhibit 99.1

News Release

AMH Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Financial and Operating Results 18% Increase in Quarterly Distribution

LAS VEGAS, Feb. 22, 2024—AMH (NYSE: AMH) (the “Company”), a leading large-scale integrated owner, operator and developer of single-family rental homes, today announced its financial and operating results for the quarter and full year ended December 31, 2023.

Highlights

•Rents and other single-family property revenues increased 7.3% year-over-year to $408.7 million for the fourth quarter of 2023.

•Net income attributable to common shareholders totaled $76.6 million, or $0.21 per diluted share, for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to $87.5 million, or $0.25 per diluted share, for the fourth quarter of 2022.

•Core Funds from Operations (“Core FFO”) attributable to common share and unit holders increased 8.8% year-over-year to $0.43 per FFO share and unit for the fourth quarter of 2023 and Adjusted Funds from Operations (“Adjusted FFO”) attributable to common share and unit holders increased 9.3% year-over-year to $0.39 per FFO share and unit for the fourth quarter of 2023.

•Core Net Operating Income (“Core NOI”) from Same-Home properties increased by 6.0% year-over-year for the fourth quarter of 2023.

•Achieved Same-Home Average Occupied Days Percentage of 96.2% in the fourth quarter of 2023, while generating 4.5% rate growth on new leases and 6.2% rate growth on renewals, resulting in 5.7% blended rate growth.

•Delivered a total of 503 high-quality and energy-efficient newly constructed homes from our AMH Development Program to our wholly-owned portfolio and unconsolidated joint ventures in the fourth quarter of 2023.

•Raised common share dividend by 18% to $0.26 in the first quarter of 2024.

•Subsequent to quarter end, issued first-of-its-kind green bonds in the single-family rental sector, raising $600.0 million at 5.500% due 2034.

“Our strong fourth quarter results capped off another year of resilient and durable growth at AMH with Core FFO per share growing by nearly 8% in 2023,” stated David Singelyn, AMH’s Chief Executive Officer. “As we look ahead to 2024, sustained long-term fundamentals, superior operational execution supported by strategic initiatives, and consistent production out of the development program will continue to position us for both resiliency and long-term value creation.”

Fourth Quarter 2023 Financial Results

Net income attributable to common shareholders totaled $76.6 million, or $0.21 per diluted share, for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to $87.5 million, or $0.25 per diluted share, for the fourth quarter of 2022. The decrease was primarily due to lower net gains on property sales, partially offset by higher rental rates.

Rents and other single-family property revenues increased 7.3% to $408.7 million for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to $380.9 million for the fourth quarter of 2022. Revenue growth was primarily driven by higher rental rates.

Core NOI from our total portfolio increased 8.9% to $235.6 million for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to $216.4 million for the fourth quarter of 2022. This growth was driven by a 7.3% increase in core revenues resulting primarily from higher rental rates, partially offset by a 4.3% increase in core property operating expenses.

expenses from Same-Home properties increased 4.5% to $103.7 million for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to $99.2 million for the fourth quarter of 2022, primarily driven by inflationary increases in repairs and maintenance (“R&M”) and turnover costs, net and property management expenses, net, partially offset by lower property tax expense due to the timing of prior year quarterly tax accruals. As a result, Core NOI from Same-Home properties increased 6.0% to $199.0 million for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to $187.7 million for the fourth quarter of 2022.

Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders was $178.6 million, or $0.43 per FFO share and unit, for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to $160.5 million, or $0.40 per FFO share and unit, for the fourth quarter of 2022. Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders was $160.8 million, or $0.39 per FFO share and unit, for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to $143.8 million, or $0.35 per FFO share and unit, for the fourth quarter of 2022. These improvements were primarily attributable to higher rental rates.

Full Year 2023 Financial Results

Net income attributable to common shareholders totaled $366.2 million, or $1.01 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $250.8 million, or $0.71 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher net gains on property sales, higher rental rates and a larger number of occupied properties.

Rents and other single-family property revenues increased 8.9% to $1.6 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $1.5 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022. Revenue growth was primarily driven by higher rental rates and an increase in our average occupied portfolio which grew to 55,874 homes for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to 54,847 homes for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Core NOI from our total portfolio increased 9.1% to $904.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $829.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. This growth was driven by a 9.3% increase in core revenues resulting primarily from higher rental rates and a larger number of occupied properties, partially offset by a 9.8% increase in core property operating expenses.

For the Company’s Same-Home portfolio, core revenues increased 6.5% to $1.2 billion for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $1.1 billion for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was driven by a 7.1% increase in Average Monthly Realized Rent per property, partially offset by a 40 basis point decrease in Average Occupied Days Percentage. Core property operating expenses from Same-Home properties increased 9.1% to $420.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $385.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, primarily driven by increased property tax expense and inflationary increases in R&M and turnover costs, net and property management expenses, net. As a result, Core NOI from Same-Home properties increased 5.1% to $770.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $732.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders was $688.5 million, or $1.66 per FFO share and unit, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $618.8 million, or $1.54 per FFO share and unit, for the year ended December 31, 2022. Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders was $609.3 million, or $1.47 per FFO share and unit, for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared to $550.5 million, or $1.37 per FFO share and unit, for the year ended December 31, 2022. These improvements were primarily attributable to higher rental rates and a larger number of occupied properties.

Portfolio

Average Occupied Days Percentage was 95.0% for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to 95.6% for the third quarter of 2023.

Investments

As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s wholly-owned portfolio consisted of 59,332 homes, compared to 59,092 homes as of September 30, 2023, an increase of 240 homes during the fourth quarter of 2023, which included 456 newly constructed homes delivered through our AMH Development Program and 25 homes acquired through our National Builder Program and traditional acquisition channel, partially offset by 241 homes sold to third parties. During the fourth quarter of 2023, we also developed an additional 47 newly constructed homes which were delivered to our unconsolidated joint ventures, aggregating to 503 total program deliveries through our AMH Development Program. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 862 properties held for sale and 2,978 properties held in unconsolidated joint ventures.

Capital Activities, Balance Sheet and Liquidity

During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company issued 2,799,683 Class A common shares under its at-the-market common share offering program, receiving net proceeds of $100.2 million after commissions and other expenses of $1.7 million.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had cash and cash equivalents of $59.4 million and total outstanding debt of $4.5 billion, excluding unamortized discounts and unamortized deferred financing costs, with a weighted-average interest rate of 4.1% and a weighted-average term to maturity of 11.2 years, which includes $90.0 million of outstanding borrowings on its $1.25 billion revolving credit facility. During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company generated $69.5 million of Retained Cash Flow and sold 241 properties generating $72.5 million of net proceeds. Additionally, the Company’s AMH 2014-SFR2 and AMH 2014-SFR3 securitizations, which had a total balance of $938.6 million as of December 31, 2023, are scheduled to mature in the fourth quarter of 2024. In January 2024, the Company provided notice of its intent to payoff the AMH 2014-SFR2 securitization during the first quarter of 2024, which had a balance of $461.5 million as of December 31, 2023, of which $25.7 million represents asset-backed securitization certificates that are held by the Company.

In January 2024, the Company issued 932,746 Class A common shares under its at-the market common share offering program, receiving net proceeds of $33.2 million after commissions and other expenses of $0.5 million.

In January 2024, American Homes 4 Rent, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”), the entity through which the Company conducts substantially all of its business and owns, directly or through subsidiaries, substantially all of its assets, issued $600.0 million of 5.500% unsecured senior notes with a maturity date of February 1, 2034, which carry a green bond designation and were issued under the Company’s green finance framework. Interest on the notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on February 1 and August 1 of each year, commencing on August 1, 2024. The Operating Partnership received aggregate net proceeds of $595.5 million from these issuances, after underwriting fees of approximately $3.9 million and a $0.6 million discount, and before estimated offering costs of $1.5 million. Pending full allocation of an amount equal to the net proceeds to finance new or existing projects meeting the eligibility criteria described in the prospectus supplement related to the offering, the Operating Partnership intends to allocate the net proceeds to repay outstanding indebtedness, including the payoff of the AMH 2014-SFR2 securitization and/or temporarily invest the net proceeds in accordance with the Company’s cash investment policy.

Sustainability Update

The Company’s inaugural green bond issuance highlights its focus on energy efficient and sustainable construction practices as it contributes much needed inventory to the country’s under-supplied housing landscape.

2024 Guidance

Set forth below are the Company’s current expectations with respect to full year 2024 Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders and our underlying assumptions. In reliance on the exception provided by applicable SEC rules, the Company does not provide guidance for GAAP net income, the most comparable GAAP financial measure, or a reconciliation of 2024 Core FFO guidance to GAAP net income because we are unable to reasonably predict the following items which are included in GAAP net income: (i) gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net for consolidated properties and unconsolidated joint ventures, (ii) acquisition and other transaction costs and (iii) hurricane-related charges, net. The actual amounts for any and all of these items could significantly impact our 2024 GAAP net income and, as disclosed in our historical financial results, have significantly impacted GAAP net income in prior periods.

Guidance Summary

		Full Year 2024
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders		$1.70 - $1.76
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders growth		2.4% - 6.0%
Same-Home
Core revenues growth		3.75% - 5.75%
Core property operating expenses growth		5.25% - 7.25%
Core NOI growth		3.00% - 5.00%
	Full Year 2024
Investment Program	Properties	Investment
Wholly owned acquisitions	—	—
Wholly owned development deliveries	1,825 - 1,975	$700 - $800 million
Wholly owned land and development pipeline	—	$100 - $150 million
Pro rata share of JV and Property Enhancing Capex	—	$100 - $150 million
Total capital investment (wholly owned and pro rata JV)	1,825 - 1,975	$0.9 - $1.1 billion
Total gross capital investment (JVs at 100%)	2,200 - 2,400	$1.1 - $1.3 billion

Full Year 2024 Guidance Commentary

Operating Outlook:

•Same-Home core revenues growth reflects expectation for continued resiliency in the demand and leasing environment and includes the following assumptions for the full year 2024: (1) Average Occupied Days Percentage expectation in the low 96% area, (2) Average Monthly Realized Rent growth of 5.00% - 5.50% driven by 2024 leasing spreads in the high 4% area and contribution from 2023 leasing earn-in, and (3) bad debt expense to remain consistent with 2023 in the low 1% area as a percentage of rents.

•Same-Home core property operating expenses growth reflects (1) expectation for moderating but still elevated 2024 property tax growth between 6.25% and 8.25% and (2) 4.25% to 6.25% growth in all other core property operating expenses, excluding property taxes, reflecting the general inflationary environment.

Investment Program:

•Consistent with 2023, the Company’s acquisition programs continue to remain on hold. Until market conditions change, the Company’s current 2024 outlook does not contemplate any material acquisition activity.

•Investment program outlook contemplates continued consistent growth from the Company’s internal AMH Development Program, which is expected to deliver between 2,200 to 2,400 total program deliveries during 2024.

Capital Plan:

•In addition to the Company’s $0.9 - $1.1 billion total wholly-owned and pro rata JV capital investment program, the Company’s AMH 2014-SFR2 and AMH 2014-SFR3 securitizations, which had a total outstanding balance of $938.6 million as of December 31, 2023, are scheduled to mature in the fourth quarter of 2024.

•During January 2024, the Company provided notice of its intent to payoff the AMH 2014-SFR2 securitization during the first quarter of 2024 and plans to payoff the AMH 2014-SFR3 securitization over the course of 2024 based on capital markets conditions.

•The Company expects to fund its 2024 capital plan through a combination of Retained Cash Flow, approximately $400 - $500 million of recycled capital from dispositions, as well as equity and debt capital, including the equity capital raised on the Company’s at-the-market program in the fourth quarter of 2023 and first quarter of 2024 and $600 million green bond issuance in January 2024.

Reconciliation of Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders from 2023 to 2024 Guidance Midpoint

	Per FFO Share <br>and Unit
2023 Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	1.66
Same-Home Core NOI	0.08
Non-Same-Home Core NOI (1)	0.07
Disposition program	(0.02)
General and administrative expense and amortization of IT software assets (2)	(0.01)
Financing costs (share count and interest) (3)	(0.05)
2024 Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders - Guidance Midpoint	$	1.73
2024 Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders growth - Guidance Midpoint	4.2		%

(1)Core FFO growth from Non-Same-Home Core NOI includes (i) contribution from existing properties not included in the Company’s 2024 Same-Home portfolio, including 2023 wholly-owned property additions, and (ii) contribution from 2024 wholly-owned property additions.

(2)General and administrative expense and amortization of IT software assets increase reflects (i) general inflationary environment and (ii) investments from prior years into IT systems supporting our industry-leading property management platform.

(3)Financing costs (share count and interest) change is primarily related to the funding of the Company’s investment programs and the refinancing of the 2024 maturing securitizations.

Additional Information

A copy of the Company’s Fourth Quarter 2023 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information Package and this press release are available on our website at www.amh.com, under “Investor relations.” This information has also been furnished to the SEC in a current report on Form 8-K.

Conference Call

A conference call is scheduled on Friday, February 23, 2024 at 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time to discuss the Company’s financial results for the quarter and full year ended December 31, 2023 and to provide an update on its business. The domestic dial-in number is (877) 451-6152 (U.S. and Canada) and the international dial-in number is (201) 389-0879 (passcode not required). A simultaneous audio webcast may be accessed by using the link at www.amh.com, under “Investor relations.” A replay of the conference call may be accessed through Friday, March 8, 2024 by calling (844) 512-2921 (U.S. and Canada) or (412) 317-6671 (international), replay passcode number 13742949#, or by using the link at www.amh.com, under “Investor relations.”

About AMH

AMH (NYSE: AMH) is a leading large-scale integrated owner, operator and developer of single-family rental homes. We’re an internally managed Maryland real estate investment trust (REIT) focused on acquiring, developing, renovating, leasing and managing homes as rental properties. Our goal is to simplify the experience of leasing a home and deliver peace of mind to households across the country.

In recent years, we’ve been named one of Fortune’s 2023 Best Workplaces in Real Estate™, a 2023 Great Place to Work®, a 2023 Most Loved Workplace®, a 2023 Top U.S. Homebuilder by Builder100, and one of America’s Most Responsible Companies 2023 and America’s Most Trustworthy Companies 2023 by Newsweek and Statista Inc. As of December 31, 2023, we owned nearly 60,000 single-family properties in the Southeast, Midwest, Southwest and Mountain West regions of the United States. Additional information about AMH is available on our website at www.amh.com.

AMH refers to one or more of American Homes 4 Rent, American Homes 4 Rent, L.P. and their subsidiaries and joint ventures. In certain states, we operate under AMH Living or American Homes 4 Rent. Please see www.amh.com/dba to learn more.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release and the accompanying Supplemental Information Package contain “forward-looking statements.” These forward-looking statements relate to beliefs, expectations or intentions and similar statements concerning matters that are not of historical fact and are generally accompanied by words such as “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “potential,” “plan,” “goal,” “outlook,” “guidance” or other words that convey the uncertainty of future events or outcomes. Examples of forward-looking statements contained in this press release include, among others, our 2024 Guidance, our belief that our acquisition and homebuilding programs will result in continued growth and the estimated timing of our development deliveries set forth in the Supplemental Information Package. The Company has based these forward-looking statements on its current expectations and assumptions about future events. While the Company’s management considers these expectations and assumptions to be reasonable, they are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive, regulatory and other risks, contingencies and uncertainties, most of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond the Company’s control and could cause actual results to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Investors should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release. The Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to conform to actual results or changes in its expectations, unless required by applicable law. For a further description of the risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ from those expressed in these forward-looking statements, as well as risks relating to the business of the Company in general, see the “Risk Factors” disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 and in the Company’s subsequent filings with the SEC.

AMH

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Amounts in thousands, except share data)

	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Single-family properties:
Land	$	2,234,301	$	2,197,233
Buildings and improvements	10,651,388		10,127,891
Single-family properties in operation	12,885,689		12,325,124
Less: accumulated depreciation	(2,719,970)		(2,386,452)
Single-family properties in operation, net	10,165,719		9,938,672
Single-family properties under development and development land	1,409,424		1,187,221
Single-family properties and land held for sale, net	182,082		198,716
Total real estate assets, net	11,757,225		11,324,609
Cash and cash equivalents	59,385		69,155
Restricted cash	162,476		148,805
Rent and other receivables	42,823		47,752
Escrow deposits, prepaid expenses and other assets	406,138		331,446
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures	114,198		107,347
Asset-backed securitization certificates	25,666		25,666
Goodwill	120,279		120,279
Total assets	$	12,688,190	$	12,175,059
Liabilities
Revolving credit facility	$	90,000	$	130,000
Asset-backed securitizations, net	1,871,421		1,890,842
Unsecured senior notes, net	2,500,226		2,495,156
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	573,660		484,403
Total liabilities	5,035,307		5,000,401
Commitments and contingencies
Equity
Shareholders' equity:
Class A common shares ($0.01 par value per share, 450,000,000 shares authorized, 364,296,431 and 352,881,826 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively)	3,643		3,529
Class B common shares ($0.01 par value per share, 50,000,000 shares authorized, 635,075 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022)	6		6
Preferred shares ($0.01 par value per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized, 9,200,000 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and 2022)	92		92
Additional paid-in capital	7,357,848		6,931,819
Accumulated deficit	(394,908)		(440,791)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	843		1,332
Total shareholders' equity	6,967,524		6,495,987
Noncontrolling interest	685,359		678,671
Total equity	7,652,883		7,174,658
Total liabilities and equity	$	12,688,190	$	12,175,059

AMH

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

	For the Three Months Ended <br>December 31,				For the Years Ended<br>December 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)
Rents and other single-family property revenues	$	408,657	$	380,926	$	1,623,605	$	1,490,534
Expenses:
Property operating expenses	142,797		137,113		599,459		552,091
Property management expenses	31,112		28,157		123,363		112,698
General and administrative expense	18,487		14,942		74,615		68,057
Interest expense	35,091		36,249		140,198		134,871
Acquisition and other transaction costs	4,260		5,338		16,910		23,452
Depreciation and amortization	115,771		112,843		456,550		426,531
Hurricane-related charges, net	—		—		—		6,133
Total expenses	347,518		334,642		1,411,095		1,323,833
Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net	29,082		57,407		209,834		136,459
Other income and expense, net	716		100		9,798		6,865
Net income	90,937		103,791		432,142		310,025
Noncontrolling interest	10,834		12,768		51,974		36,887
Dividends on preferred shares	3,486		3,486		13,944		17,081
Redemption of perpetual preferred shares	—		—		—		5,276
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	76,617	$	87,537	$	366,224	$	250,781
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic	362,954,405		353,857,902		362,024,968		349,290,848
Diluted	363,396,325		354,185,629		362,477,216		349,787,092
Net income attributable to common shareholders per share:
Basic	$	0.21	$	0.25	$	1.01	$	0.72
Diluted	$	0.21	$	0.25	$	1.01	$	0.71

Defined Terms

Average Monthly Realized Rent

For the related period, Average Monthly Realized Rent is calculated as the lease component of rents and other single-family property revenues (i.e., rents from single-family properties) divided by the product of (a) number of properties and (b) Average Occupied Days Percentage, divided by the number of months. For properties partially owned during the period, this calculation is adjusted to reflect the number of days of ownership.

Average Occupied Days Percentage

Occupied Property

A property is classified as occupied upon commencement (i.e., start date) of a lease agreement, which can occur contemporaneously with or subsequent to execution (i.e., signature).

Recurring Capital Expenditures

For our Same-Home portfolio, Recurring Capital Expenditures includes replacement costs and other capital expenditures recorded during the period that are necessary to help preserve the value and maintain functionality of our properties. For our total portfolio, we calculate Recurring Capital Expenditures by multiplying (a) current period actual Recurring Capital Expenditures per Same-Home property by (b) our total number of properties, excluding newly acquired non-stabilized properties and properties classified as held for sale.

Same-Home Property

A property is classified as Same-Home if it has been stabilized longer than 90 days prior to the beginning of the earliest period presented under comparison. A property is removed from Same-Home if it has been classified as held for sale or has experienced a casualty loss.

Stabilized Property

A property acquired individually (i.e., not through a bulk purchase) is classified as stabilized once it has been renovated by the Company or newly constructed and then initially leased or available for rent for a period greater than 90 days. Properties acquired through a bulk purchase are first considered non-stabilized, as an entire group, until (1) we have owned them for an adequate period of time to allow for complete on-boarding to our operating platform, and (2) a substantial portion of the properties have experienced tenant turnover at least once under our ownership, providing the opportunity for renovations and improvements to meet our property standards. After such time has passed, properties acquired through a bulk purchase are then evaluated on an individual property basis under our standard stabilization criteria.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This press release and the Fourth Quarter 2023 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information Package include Funds from Operations attributable to common share and unit holders (“FFO attributable to common share and unit holders”), Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, Retained Cash Flow, Core NOI and Same-Home Core NOI, which are non-GAAP financial measures. We believe these measures are helpful in understanding our financial performance and are widely used in the REIT industry. Because other REITs may not compute these financial measures in the same manner, they may not be comparable among REITs. In addition, these metrics are not substitutes for net income or loss or net cash flows from operating activities, as defined by GAAP, as measures of our operating performance, liquidity or ability to pay dividends. Reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are included in this press release and in the Fourth Quarter 2023 Earnings Release and Supplemental Information Package.

Funds from Operations attributable to common share and unit holders and Retained Cash Flow

FFO attributable to common share and unit holders is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate in accordance with the definition approved by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, which defines FFO as net income or loss calculated in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains and losses from sales or impairment of real estate, plus real estate-related depreciation and amortization (excluding amortization of deferred financing costs and depreciation of non-real estate assets), and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures to reflect FFO on the same basis.

Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders is a non-GAAP financial measure that we use as a supplemental measure of our performance. We compute this metric by adjusting FFO attributable to common share and unit holders for (1) acquisition and other transaction costs incurred with business combinations and the acquisition or disposition of properties as well as nonrecurring items unrelated to ongoing operations, (2) noncash share-based compensation expense, (3) hurricane-related charges, net, which result in material charges to our single-family property portfolio, (4) gain or loss on early extinguishment of debt and (5) the allocation of income to our perpetual preferred shares in connection with their redemption.

Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders is a non-GAAP financial measure that we use as a supplemental measure of our performance. We compute this metric by adjusting Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders for (1) Recurring Capital Expenditures that are necessary to help preserve the value and maintain functionality of our properties and (2) capitalized leasing costs incurred during the period. As a portion of our homes are recently developed, acquired and/or renovated, we estimate Recurring Capital Expenditures for our entire portfolio by multiplying (a) current period actual Recurring Capital Expenditures per Same-Home Property by (b) our total number of properties, excluding newly acquired non-stabilized properties and properties classified as held for sale.

We present FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, as well as on a per FFO share and unit basis, because we consider this metric to be an important measure of the performance of real estate companies, as do many investors and analysts in evaluating the Company. We believe that FFO attributable to common share and unit holders provides useful information to investors because this metric excludes depreciation, which is included in computing net income and assumes the value of real estate diminishes predictably over time. We believe that real estate values fluctuate due to market conditions and in response to inflation. We also believe that Core FFO and Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, as well as on a per FFO share and unit basis, provide useful information to investors because they allow investors to compare our operating performance to prior reporting periods without the effect of certain items that, by nature, are not comparable from period to period.

FFO shares and units include weighted-average common shares and operating partnership units outstanding, as well as potentially dilutive securities.

Retained Cash Flow is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe is helpful as a supplemental measure in assessing the Company’s liquidity. This metric is computed by reducing Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders by common distributions.

FFO, Core FFO and Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders and Retained Cash Flow are not substitutes for net income or net cash provided by operating activities, each as determined in accordance with GAAP, as a measure of our operating performance, liquidity or ability to pay dividends. These metrics also are not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund future cash needs. Because other REITs may not compute these measures in the same manner, they may not be comparable among REITs.

The following is a reconciliation of net income or loss attributable to common shareholders to FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders and Retained Cash Flow for the three months and the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (amounts in thousands, except share and per share data):

	For the Three Months Ended <br>December 31,				For the Years Ended<br>December 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	76,617	$	87,537	$	366,224	$	250,781
Adjustments:
Noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership	10,834		12,768		51,974		36,887
Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net	(29,082)		(57,407)		(209,834)		(136,459)
Adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures	1,331		466		3,711		344
Depreciation and amortization	115,771		112,843		456,550		426,531
Less: depreciation and amortization of non-real estate assets	(4,515)		(3,710)		(17,417)		(13,358)
FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	170,956	$	152,497	$	651,208	$	564,726
Adjustments:
Acquisition, other transaction costs and other	4,260		5,338		16,910		23,452
Noncash share-based compensation - general and administrative	2,494		1,966		16,379		15,318
Noncash share-based compensation - property management	879		715		4,030		3,861
Hurricane-related charges, net	—		—		—		6,133
Redemption of perpetual preferred shares	—		—		—		5,276
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	178,589	$	160,516	$	688,527	$	618,766
Recurring Capital Expenditures	(17,019)		(16,020)		(76,098)		(65,636)
Leasing costs	(745)		(718)		(3,113)		(2,586)
Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	160,825	$	143,778	$	609,316	$	550,544
Common distributions	(91,375)		(73,132)		(365,552)		(289,854)
Retained Cash Flow	$	69,450	$	70,646	$	243,764	$	260,690
Per FFO share and unit:
FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.41	$	0.38	$	1.57	$	1.41
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.43	$	0.40	$	1.66	$	1.54
Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.39	$	0.35	$	1.47	$	1.37
Weighted-average FFO shares and units:
Common shares outstanding	362,954,405		353,857,902		362,024,968		349,290,848
Share-based compensation plan and forward sale equity contracts (1)	913,602		674,400		828,424		906,762
Operating partnership units	51,376,980		51,376,980		51,376,980		51,376,980
Total weighted-average FFO shares and units	415,244,987		405,909,282		414,230,372		401,574,590

(1)Reflects the effect of potentially dilutive securities issuable upon the assumed vesting/exercise of restricted stock units and stock options and the dilutive effect of forward sale equity contracts under the treasury stock method.

The following is a reconciliation of net income per common share–diluted to FFO attributable to common share and unit holders, Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders and Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders on a per share and unit basis for the three months and the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022:

	For the Three Months Ended <br>December 31,				For the Years Ended<br>December 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)
Net income per common share–diluted	$	0.21	$	0.25	$	1.01	$	0.71
Adjustments:
Conversion from GAAP share count	(0.03)		(0.03)		(0.13)		(0.09)
Noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership	0.03		0.03		0.13		0.09
Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net	(0.07)		(0.14)		(0.51)		(0.34)
Adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures	—		—		0.01		—
Depreciation and amortization	0.28		0.28		1.10		1.07
Less: depreciation and amortization of non-real estate assets	(0.01)		(0.01)		(0.04)		(0.03)
FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.41	$	0.38	$	1.57	$	1.41
Adjustments:
Acquisition, other transaction costs and other	0.01		0.02		0.04		0.06
Noncash share-based compensation - general and administrative	0.01		—		0.04		0.03
Noncash share-based compensation - property management	—		—		0.01		0.01
Hurricane-related charges, net	—		—		—		0.02
Redemption of perpetual preferred shares	—		—		—		0.01
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.43	$	0.40	$	1.66	$	1.54
Recurring Capital Expenditures	(0.04)		(0.05)		(0.18)		(0.16)
Leasing costs	—		—		(0.01)		(0.01)
Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.39	$	0.35	$	1.47	$	1.37

Core Net Operating Income

Core NOI, which we also present separately for our Same-Home portfolio, is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure that we define as core revenues, which is calculated as rents and other single-family property revenues, excluding expenses reimbursed by tenant charge-backs, less core property operating expenses, which is calculated as property operating and property management expenses, excluding noncash share-based compensation expense and expenses reimbursed by tenant charge-backs.

Core NOI also excludes (1) gain or loss on early extinguishment of debt, (2) hurricane-related charges, net, which result in material charges to our single-family property portfolio, (3) gains and losses from sales or impairments of single-family properties and other, (4) depreciation and amortization, (5) acquisition and other transaction costs incurred with business combinations and the acquisition or disposition of properties as well as nonrecurring items unrelated to ongoing operations, (6) noncash share-based compensation expense, (7) interest expense, (8) general and administrative expense, and (9) other income and expense, net. We believe Core NOI provides useful information to investors about the operating performance of our single-family properties without the impact of certain operating expenses that are reimbursed through tenant charge-backs.

Core NOI and Same-Home Core NOI should be considered only as supplements to net income or loss as a measure of our performance and should not be used as measures of our liquidity, nor are they indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends or make distributions. Additionally, these metrics should not be used as substitutes for net income or loss or net cash flows from operating activities (as computed in accordance with GAAP).

The following are reconciliations of core revenues, Same-Home core revenues, core property operating expenses, Same-Home core property operating expenses, Core NOI and Same-Home Core NOI to their respective GAAP metrics for the three months and the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended <br>December 31,				For the Years Ended<br>December 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)
Core revenues and Same-Home core revenues
Rents and other single-family property revenues	$	408,657	$	380,926	$	1,623,605	$	1,490,534
Tenant charge-backs	(48,506)		(45,183)		(215,555)		(202,606)
Core revenues	360,151		335,743		1,408,050		1,287,928
Less: Non-Same-Home core revenues	(57,440)		(48,808)		(217,456)		(170,017)
Same-Home core revenues	$	302,711	$	286,935	$	1,190,594	$	1,117,911	Core property operating expenses and Same-Home core property operating expenses
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Property operating expenses	$	142,797	$	137,113	$	599,459	$	552,091
Property management expenses	31,112		28,157		123,363		112,698
Noncash share-based compensation - property management	(879)		(715)		(4,030)		(3,861)
Expenses reimbursed by tenant charge-backs	(48,506)		(45,183)		(215,555)		(202,606)
Core property operating expenses	124,524		119,372		503,237		458,322
Less: Non-Same-Home core property operating expenses	(20,788)		(20,133)		(83,153)		(73,306)
Same-Home core property operating expenses	$	103,736	$	99,239	$	420,084	$	385,016	Core NOI and Same-Home Core NOI
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Net income	$	90,937	$	103,791	$	432,142	$	310,025
Hurricane-related charges, net	—		—		—		6,133
Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net	(29,082)		(57,407)		(209,834)		(136,459)
Depreciation and amortization	115,771		112,843		456,550		426,531
Acquisition and other transaction costs	4,260		5,338		16,910		23,452
Noncash share-based compensation - property management	879		715		4,030		3,861
Interest expense	35,091		36,249		140,198		134,871
General and administrative expense	18,487		14,942		74,615		68,057
Other income and expense, net	(716)		(100)		(9,798)		(6,865)
Core NOI	235,627		216,371		904,813		829,606
Less: Non-Same-Home Core NOI	(36,652)		(28,675)		(134,303)		(96,711)
Same-Home Core NOI	$	198,975	$	187,696	$	770,510	$	732,895

Contact:

AMH Investor Relations

Phone: (855) 794-2447

Email: investors@amh.com

Document

AMH

Table of Contents

Summary
Earnings Press Release	3
SelectNon-GAAP Reconciliations–Core Net Operating Income	9
Fact Sheet	11
Financial Information
Consolidated Statements of Operations	12
Funds from Operations	13
Core Net Operating Income – Total Portfolio	14
Same-Home Results	15
Consolidated Balance Sheets	18
Debt Summary	19
Capital Structure and Credit Metrics	20
Property and Other Information
Top 20 Markets Summary	21
Property Additions and Dispositions	22
AMH Development Pipeline Summary	23
Lease ExpirationsandShare Repurchase / ATM Share Issuance History	24
2024Guidance	25
Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations	27
AMH
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Earnings Press Release

AMH Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Financial and Operating Results 18% Increase in Quarterly Distribution

Highlights

•Rents and other single-family property revenues increased 7.3% year-over-year to $408.7 million for the fourth quarter of 2023.

•Core Net Operating Income (“Core NOI”) from Same-Home properties increased by 6.0% year-over-year for the fourth quarter of 2023.

•Raised common share dividend by 18% to $0.26 in the first quarter of 2024.

•Subsequent to quarter end, issued first-of-its-kind green bonds in the single-family rental sector, raising $600.0 million at 5.500% due 2034.

Fourth Quarter 2023 Financial Results

For the Company’s Same-Home portfolio, core revenues increased 5.5% to $302.7 million for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to $286.9 million for the fourth quarter of 2022, which was driven by a 6.1% increase in Average Monthly Realized Rent per property, partially offset by a 70 basis point decrease in Average Occupied Days Percentage. Core property operating expenses from Same-Home properties increased 4.5% to $103.7 million for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to $99.2 million for the fourth quarter of 2022, primarily driven by inflationary increases in repairs and maintenance (“R&M”)

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	3
AMH
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Earnings Press Release (continued)

and turnover costs, net and property management expenses, net, partially offset by lower property tax expense due to the timing of prior year quarterly tax accruals. As a result, Core NOI from Same-Home properties increased 6.0% to $199.0 million for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to $187.7 million for the fourth quarter of 2022.

Full Year 2023 Financial Results

Portfolio

Average Occupied Days Percentage was 95.0% for the fourth quarter of 2023, compared to 95.6% for the third quarter of 2023.

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	4
AMH
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Earnings Press Release (continued)

Investments

Capital Activities, Balance Sheet and Liquidity

Sustainability Update

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	5
AMH
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Earnings Press Release (continued)

2024 Guidance

Guidance Summary

		Full Year 2024
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders		$1.70 - $1.76
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders growth		2.4% - 6.0%
Same-Home
Core revenues growth		3.75% - 5.75%
Core property operating expenses growth		5.25% - 7.25%
Core NOI growth		3.00% - 5.00%
	Full Year 2024
Investment Program	Properties	Investment
Wholly owned acquisitions	—	—
Wholly owned development deliveries	1,825 - 1,975	$700 - $800 million
Wholly owned land and development pipeline	—	$100 - $150 million
Pro rata share of JV and Property Enhancing Capex	—	$100 - $150 million
Total capital investment (wholly owned and pro rata JV)	1,825 - 1,975	$0.9 - $1.1 billion
Total gross capital investment (JVs at 100%)	2,200 - 2,400	$1.1 - $1.3 billion

Full Year 2024 Guidance Commentary

Operating Outlook:

Investment Program:

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	6
AMH
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Earnings Press Release (continued)

Capital Plan:

Reconciliation of Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders from 2023 to 2024 Guidance Midpoint

	Per FFO Share <br>and Unit
2023 Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	1.66
Same-Home Core NOI	0.08
Non-Same-Home Core NOI (1)	0.07
Disposition program	(0.02)
General and administrative expense and amortization of IT software assets (2)	(0.01)
Financing costs (share count and interest) (3)	(0.05)
2024 Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders - Guidance Midpoint	$	1.73
2024 Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders growth - Guidance Midpoint	4.2		%

(3)Financing costs (share count and interest) change is primarily related to the funding of the Company’s investment programs and the refinancing of the 2024 maturing securitizations.

Additional Information

Conference Call

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	7
AMH
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Earnings Press Release (continued)

About AMH

Forward-Looking Statements

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	8
AMH
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Select Non-GAAP Reconciliations – Core Net Operating Income

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended <br>Dec 31,				For the Years Ended <br>Dec 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Core revenues and Same-Home core revenues
Rents and other single-family property revenues	$	408,657	$	380,926	$	1,623,605	$	1,490,534
Tenant charge-backs	(48,506)		(45,183)		(215,555)		(202,606)
Core revenues	360,151		335,743		1,408,050		1,287,928
Less: Non-Same-Home core revenues	(57,440)		(48,808)		(217,456)		(170,017)
Same-Home core revenues	$	302,711	$	286,935	$	1,190,594	$	1,117,911	Core property operating expenses and Same-Home core property operating expenses
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Property operating expenses	$	142,797	$	137,113	$	599,459	$	552,091
Property management expenses	31,112		28,157		123,363		112,698
Noncash share-based compensation - property management	(879)		(715)		(4,030)		(3,861)
Expenses reimbursed by tenant charge-backs	(48,506)		(45,183)		(215,555)		(202,606)
Core property operating expenses	124,524		119,372		503,237		458,322
Less: Non-Same-Home core property operating expenses	(20,788)		(20,133)		(83,153)		(73,306)
Same-Home core property operating expenses	$	103,736	$	99,239	$	420,084	$	385,016	Core NOI and Same-Home Core NOI
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Net income	$	90,937	$	103,791	$	432,142	$	310,025
Hurricane-related charges, net	—		—		—		6,133
Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net	(29,082)		(57,407)		(209,834)		(136,459)
Depreciation and amortization	115,771		112,843		456,550		426,531
Acquisition and other transaction costs	4,260		5,338		16,910		23,452
Noncash share-based compensation - property management	879		715		4,030		3,861
Interest expense	35,091		36,249		140,198		134,871
General and administrative expense	18,487		14,942		74,615		68,057
Other income and expense, net	(716)		(100)		(9,798)		(6,865)
Core NOI	235,627		216,371		904,813		829,606
Less: Non-Same-Home Core NOI	(36,652)		(28,675)		(134,303)		(96,711)
Same-Home Core NOI	$	198,975	$	187,696	$	770,510	$	732,895
Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	9
---	---
AMH
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Select Non-GAAP Reconciliations – Core Net Operating Income (continued)

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

The following are reconciliations of core revenues, Same-Home core revenues, core property operating expenses, Same-Home core property operating expenses, Core NOI, Same-Home Core NOI, Unencumbered Core NOI and Encumbered Core NOI to their respective GAAP metrics for the trailing five quarters:

	For the Three Months Ended
	Dec 31, <br>2023		Sep 30, <br>2023		Jun 30, <br>2023		Mar 31, <br>2023		Dec 31, <br>2022
Core revenues and Same-Home core revenues
Rents and other single-family property revenues	$	408,657	$	421,697	$	395,548	$	397,703	$	380,926
Tenant charge-backs	(48,506)		(65,840)		(45,814)		(55,395)		(45,183)
Core revenues	360,151		355,857		349,734		342,308		335,743
Less: Non-Same-Home core revenues	(57,440)		(55,410)		(53,527)		(51,079)		(48,808)
Same-Home core revenues	$	302,711	$	300,447	$	296,207	$	291,229	$	286,935	Core property operating expenses and Same-Home core property operating expenses
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Property operating expenses	$	142,797	$	167,041	$	142,553	$	147,068	$	137,113
Property management expenses	31,112		30,785		30,666		30,800		28,157
Noncash share-based compensation - property management	(879)		(953)		(1,132)		(1,066)		(715)
Expenses reimbursed by tenant charge-backs	(48,506)		(65,840)		(45,814)		(55,395)		(45,183)
Core property operating expenses	124,524		131,033		126,273		121,407		119,372
Less: Non-Same-Home core property operating expenses	(20,788)		(21,205)		(20,475)		(20,685)		(20,133)
Same-Home core property operating expenses	$	103,736	$	109,828	$	105,798	$	100,722	$	99,239	Core NOI and Same-Home Core NOI
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Net income	$	90,937	$	88,092	$	115,414	$	137,699	$	103,791
Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net	(29,082)		(33,335)		(62,758)		(84,659)		(57,407)
Depreciation and amortization	115,771		114,863		113,199		112,717		112,843
Acquisition and other transaction costs	4,260		3,399		4,175		5,076		5,338
Noncash share-based compensation - property management	879		953		1,132		1,066		715
Interest expense	35,091		34,381		34,844		35,882		36,249
General and administrative expense	18,487		18,336		19,937		17,855		14,942
Other income and expense, net	(716)		(1,865)		(2,482)		(4,735)		(100)
Core NOI	235,627		224,824		223,461		220,901		216,371
Less: Non-Same-Home Core NOI	(36,652)		(34,205)		(33,052)		(30,394)		(28,675)
Same-Home Core NOI	$	198,975	$	190,619	$	190,409	$	190,507	$	187,696	Unencumbered Core NOI and Encumbered Core NOI
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Core NOI	$	235,627	$	224,824	$	223,461	$	220,901	$	216,371
Less: Encumbered Core NOI	(68,300)		(64,844)		(64,665)		(64,077)		(63,798)
Unencumbered Core NOI	$	167,327	$	159,980	$	158,796	$	156,824	$	152,573
Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	10
---	---
AMH
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Fact Sheet

(Amounts in thousands, except per share and property data)

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended <br>Dec 31,						For the Years Ended <br>Dec 31,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Operating Data
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	76,617		$	87,537		$	366,224		$	250,781
Core revenues	$	360,151		$	335,743		$	1,408,050		$	1,287,928
Core NOI	$	235,627		$	216,371		$	904,813		$	829,606
Core NOI margin	65.4		%	64.4		%	64.3		%	64.4		%
Fully Adjusted EBITDAre	$	203,917		$	187,223		$	780,875		$	715,854
Fully Adjusted EBITDAre Margin	56.1		%	55.2		%	55.0		%	55.0		%
Per FFO share and unit:
FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.41		$	0.38		$	1.57		$	1.41
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.43		$	0.40		$	1.66		$	1.54
Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.39		$	0.35		$	1.47		$	1.37				Dec 31, <br>2023		Sep 30, <br>2023	Jun 30, <br>2023	Mar 31, <br>2023	Dec 31, <br>2022
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Selected Balance Sheet Information - end of period
Single-family properties in operation, net	$	10,165,719		$	10,132,185		$	10,007,290		$	9,917,123		$	9,938,672
Total assets	$	12,688,190		$	12,559,377		$	12,522,438		$	12,420,013		$	12,175,059
Outstanding borrowings under revolving credit facility	$	90,000		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	130,000
Total Debt	$	4,517,158		$	4,433,095		$	4,438,629		$	4,444,863		$	4,581,628
Total Capitalization	$	19,717,611		$	18,591,650		$	19,322,870		$	17,668,693		$	17,015,130
Total Debt to Total Capitalization	22.9		%	23.8		%	23.0		%	25.2		%	26.9		%
Net Debt and Preferred Shares to Adjusted EBITDAre	5.4 x			5.4 x			5.3 x			5.4 x			6.0 x
NYSE AMH Class A common share closing price	$	35.96		$	33.69		$	35.45		$	31.45		$	30.14		Portfolio Data - end of period
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Occupied single-family properties	55,768		55,949		56,000		56,049		55,605
Single-family properties leased, not yet occupied	251		299		393		412		243
Single-family properties in turnover process	2,053		1,803		1,437		1,041		1,554
Single-family properties recently renovated or developed	384		333		215		234		464
Single-family properties newly acquired and under renovation	14		8		—		—		12
Total single-family properties, excluding properties held for sale	58,470		58,392		58,045		57,736		57,878
Single-family properties held for sale	862		700		648		903		1,115
Total single-family properties wholly owned	59,332		59,092		58,693		58,639		58,993
Single-family properties managed under joint ventures	2,978		2,936		2,846		2,688		2,540
Total single-family properties wholly owned and managed	62,310		62,028		61,539		61,327		61,533
Total Average Occupied Days Percentage (1)	95.0	%	95.6	%	96.2	%	96.3	%	95.8	%
Same-Home Average Occupied Days Percentage (49,198 properties)	96.2	%	96.6	%	97.1	%	97.2	%	96.9	%		Other Data
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
Distributions declared per common share	$	0.22	$	0.22	$	0.22	$	0.22	$	0.18
Distributions declared per Series G perpetual preferred share	$	0.37	$	0.37	$	0.37	$	0.37	$	0.37
Distributions declared per Series H perpetual preferred share	$	0.39	$	0.39	$	0.39	$	0.39	$	0.39

(1)Calculated based on total single-family properties wholly owned, excluding properties held for sale.

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	11
AMH
---

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

	For the Three Months Ended <br>Dec 31,				For the Years Ended <br>Dec 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
	(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)		(Unaudited)
Rents and other single-family property revenues	$	408,657	$	380,926	$	1,623,605	$	1,490,534
Expenses:
Property operating expenses	142,797		137,113		599,459		552,091
Property management expenses	31,112		28,157		123,363		112,698
General and administrative expense	18,487		14,942		74,615		68,057
Interest expense	35,091		36,249		140,198		134,871
Acquisition and other transaction costs	4,260		5,338		16,910		23,452
Depreciation and amortization	115,771		112,843		456,550		426,531
Hurricane-related charges, net	—		—		—		6,133
Total expenses	347,518		334,642		1,411,095		1,323,833
Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net	29,082		57,407		209,834		136,459
Other income and expense, net	716		100		9,798		6,865
Net income	90,937		103,791		432,142		310,025
Noncontrolling interest	10,834		12,768		51,974		36,887
Dividends on preferred shares	3,486		3,486		13,944		17,081
Redemption of perpetual preferred shares	—		—		—		5,276
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	76,617	$	87,537	$	366,224	$	250,781
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic	362,954,405		353,857,902		362,024,968		349,290,848
Diluted	363,396,325		354,185,629		362,477,216		349,787,092
Net income attributable to common shareholders per share:
Basic	$	0.21	$	0.25	$	1.01	$	0.72
Diluted	$	0.21	$	0.25	$	1.01	$	0.71
Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	12
---	---
AMH
---

Funds from Operations

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended <br>Dec 31,				For the Years Ended <br>Dec 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income attributable to common shareholders	$	76,617	$	87,537	$	366,224	$	250,781
Adjustments:
Noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership	10,834		12,768		51,974		36,887
Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net	(29,082)		(57,407)		(209,834)		(136,459)
Adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures	1,331		466		3,711		344
Depreciation and amortization	115,771		112,843		456,550		426,531
Less: depreciation and amortization of non-real estate assets	(4,515)		(3,710)		(17,417)		(13,358)
FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	170,956	$	152,497	$	651,208	$	564,726
Adjustments:
Acquisition, other transaction costs and other	4,260		5,338		16,910		23,452
Noncash share-based compensation - general and administrative	2,494		1,966		16,379		15,318
Noncash share-based compensation - property management	879		715		4,030		3,861
Hurricane-related charges, net	—		—		—		6,133
Redemption of perpetual preferred shares	—		—		—		5,276
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	178,589	$	160,516	$	688,527	$	618,766
Recurring Capital Expenditures	(17,019)		(16,020)		(76,098)		(65,636)
Leasing costs	(745)		(718)		(3,113)		(2,586)
Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	160,825	$	143,778	$	609,316	$	550,544
Per FFO share and unit:
FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.41	$	0.38	$	1.57	$	1.41
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.43	$	0.40	$	1.66	$	1.54
Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.39	$	0.35	$	1.47	$	1.37
Weighted-average FFO shares and units:
Common shares outstanding	362,954,405		353,857,902		362,024,968		349,290,848
Share-based compensation plan and forward sale equity contracts (1)	913,602		674,400		828,424		906,762
Operating partnership units	51,376,980		51,376,980		51,376,980		51,376,980
Total weighted-average FFO shares and units	415,244,987		405,909,282		414,230,372		401,574,590

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	13
AMH
---

Core Net Operating Income – Total Portfolio

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended <br>Dec 31,						For the Years Ended <br>Dec 31,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Rents from single-family properties	$	356,790		$	333,802		$	1,396,862		$	1,276,992
Fees from single-family properties	7,893			6,980			30,755			26,988
Bad debt	(4,532)			(5,039)			(19,567)			(16,052)
Core revenues	360,151			335,743			1,408,050			1,287,928
Property tax expense	59,213			60,293			239,425			217,584
HOA fees, net (1)	6,663			6,060			25,768			23,949
R&M and turnover costs, net (1)	25,551			23,877			108,373			100,213
Insurance	4,736			3,605			17,948			14,094
Property management expenses, net (2)	28,361			25,537			111,723			102,482
Core property operating expenses	124,524			119,372			503,237			458,322
Core NOI	$	235,627		$	216,371		$	904,813		$	829,606
Core NOI margin	65.4		%	64.4		%	64.3		%	64.4		%
	For the Three Months Ended <br>Dec 31, 2023
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
	Same-Home Properties			Stabilized<br>Properties			Non-Stabilized<br><br>Properties (3)			Held for Sale and Other Properties (4)			Total <br>Single-Family <br>Properties Wholly Owned
Property count	49,198			6,158			3,100			876			59,332
Average Occupied Days Percentage	96.2		%	95.8		%	74.7		%	49.2		%	94.4		%
Rents from single-family properties	$	299,789		$	40,208		$	14,096		$	2,697		$	356,790
Fees from single-family properties	6,572			856			372			93			7,893
Bad debt	(3,650)			(403)			(183)			(296)			(4,532)
Core revenues	302,711			40,661			14,285			2,494			360,151
Property tax expense	50,508			5,650			2,209			846			59,213
HOA fees, net (1)	5,519			705			331			108			6,663
R&M and turnover costs, net (1)	21,075			2,254			1,644			578			25,551
Insurance	3,929			489			257			61			4,736
Property management expenses, net (2)	22,705			2,865			2,525			266			28,361
Core property operating expenses	103,736			11,963			6,966			1,859			124,524
Core NOI	$	198,975		$	28,698		$	7,319		$	635		$	235,627
Core NOI margin	65.7		%	70.6		%	51.2		%	25.5		%	65.4		%

(1)Presented net of tenant charge-backs.

(2)Presented net of tenant charge-backs and excludes noncash share-based compensation expense related to centralized and field property management employees.

(3)Includes 1,726 recently renovated or developed properties that do not meet the definition of Stabilized Property at the start of the quarter and 1,374 legacy-tenant properties which have not experienced tenant turnover under our ownership (the majority of which were acquired through bulk acquisitions, such as the ARPI merger) or properties currently out of service due to a casualty loss.

(4)Includes 862 properties held for sale and 14 single-family properties newly acquired and under renovation that are not yet placed into service. Average Occupied Days Percentage is calculated based only on properties held for sale.

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	14
AMH
---

Same-Home Results – Quarterly and Full Year Comparisons

(Amounts in thousands, except property and per property data)

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended <br>Dec 31,								For the Years Ended <br>Dec 31,
	2023			2022			Change		2023			2022			Change
Number of Same-Home properties	49,198			49,198					49,198			49,198
Average Occupied Days Percentage	96.2		%	96.9		%	(0.7)	%	96.8		%	97.2		%	(0.4)	%
Average Monthly Realized Rent per property	$	2,112		$	1,990		6.1	%	$	2,065		$	1,929		7.1	%
Turnover Rate	6.4		%	5.9		%	0.5	%	29.2		%	28.1		%	1.1	%
Core NOI:
Rents from single-family properties	$	299,789		$	284,659		5.3	%	$	1,179,630		$	1,106,751		6.6	%
Fees from single-family properties	6,572			5,774			13.8	%	25,551			22,342			14.4	%
Bad debt	(3,650)			(3,498)			4.3	%	(14,587)			(11,182)			30.5	%
Core revenues	302,711			286,935			5.5	%	1,190,594			1,117,911			6.5	%
Property tax expense	50,508			51,079			(1.1)	%	203,431			186,436			9.1	%
HOA fees, net (1)	5,519			5,137			7.4	%	21,644			20,393			6.1	%
R&M and turnover costs, net (1)	21,075			19,268			9.4	%	89,625			82,336			8.9	%
Insurance	3,929			3,083			27.4	%	15,085			12,155			24.1	%
Property management expenses, net (2)	22,705			20,672			9.8	%	90,299			83,696			7.9	%
Core property operating expenses	103,736			99,239			4.5	%	420,084			385,016			9.1	%
Core NOI	$	198,975		$	187,696		6.0	%	$	770,510		$	732,895		5.1	%
Core NOI margin	65.7		%	65.4		%			64.7		%	65.6		%
Selected Property Expenditure Details:
Recurring Capital Expenditures	$	14,781		$	13,349		10.7	%	$	65,914		$	56,266		17.1	%
Per property:
Average Recurring Capital Expenditures	$	300		$	271		10.7	%	$	1,340		$	1,144		17.1	%
Average R&M and turnover costs, net, plus<br>Recurring Capital Expenditures	$	729		$	663		10.0	%	$	3,161		$	2,817		12.2	%
Property Enhancing Capex	$	7,621		$	12,680				$	48,794		$	55,698

(1)Presented net of tenant charge-backs.

(2)Presented net of tenant charge-backs and excludes noncash share-based compensation expense related to centralized and field property management employees.

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	15
AMH
---

Same-Home Results – Sequential Quarterly Results

(Amounts in thousands, except per property data)

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended
	Dec 31, <br>2023			Sep 30, <br>2023			Jun 30, <br>2023			Mar 31, <br>2023			Dec 31, <br>2022
Average Occupied Days Percentage	96.2		%	96.6		%	97.1		%	97.2		%	96.9		%
Average Monthly Realized Rent per property	$	2,112		$	2,088		$	2,048		$	2,013		$	1,990
Average Change in Rent for Renewals	6.2		%	7.1		%	7.0		%	6.8		%	7.9		%
Average Change in Rent for Re-Leases	4.5		%	7.2		%	9.4		%	7.7		%	8.2		%
Average Blended Change in Rent	5.7		%	7.2		%	7.6		%	7.1		%	8.0		%
Core NOI:
Rents from single-family properties	$	299,789		$	297,598		$	293,411		$	288,832		$	284,659
Fees from single-family properties	6,572			6,676			6,155			6,148			5,774
Bad debt	(3,650)			(3,827)			(3,359)			(3,751)			(3,498)
Core revenues	302,711			300,447			296,207			291,229			286,935
Property tax expense	50,508			51,065			51,496			50,362			51,079
HOA fees, net (1)	5,519			5,682			5,406			5,037			5,137
R&M and turnover costs, net (1)	21,075			26,870			22,473			19,207			19,268
Insurance	3,929			3,926			3,888			3,342			3,083
Property management expenses, net (2)	22,705			22,285			22,535			22,774			20,672
Core property operating expenses	103,736			109,828			105,798			100,722			99,239
Core NOI	$	198,975		$	190,619		$	190,409		$	190,507		$	187,696
Core NOI margin	65.7		%	63.4		%	64.3		%	65.4		%	65.4		%
Selected Property Expenditure Details:
Recurring Capital Expenditures	$	14,781		$	20,619		$	18,214		$	12,300		$	13,349
Per property:
Average Recurring Capital Expenditures	$	300		$	419		$	370		$	251		$	271
Average R&M and turnover costs, net, plus <br>Recurring Capital Expenditures	$	729		$	965		$	827		$	640		$	663
Property Enhancing Capex	$	7,621		$	13,800		$	13,661		$	13,712		$	12,680

(1)Presented net of tenant charge-backs.

(2)Presented net of tenant charge-backs and excludes noncash share-based compensation expense related to centralized and field property management employees.

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	16
AMH
---

Same-Home Results – Operating Metrics by Market

	Number of Properties	Gross Book Value per Property		% of <br>4Q23 NOI		Avg. Change in Rent for Renewals (1)		Avg. Change in Rent for Re-Leases (1)		Avg. Blended Change in<br><br>Rent (1)
Atlanta, GA	4,643	$	201,793	9.2	%	6.6	%	4.9	%	6.1	%
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX	3,748	172,486		6.7	%	6.2	%	5.6	%	6.0	%
Charlotte, NC	3,612	207,264		7.5	%	6.3	%	5.3	%	6.0	%
Phoenix, AZ	2,731	191,506		6.1	%	6.9	%	2.7	%	5.7	%
Nashville, TN	2,749	230,955		7.1	%	5.9	%	3.8	%	5.2	%
Indianapolis, IN	2,628	164,275		4.0	%	6.4	%	3.6	%	5.5	%
Jacksonville, FL	2,512	195,361		4.5	%	6.4	%	2.5	%	5.1	%
Tampa, FL	2,447	212,467		4.8	%	7.6	%	3.9	%	6.3	%
Houston, TX	2,133	172,759		3.3	%	5.8	%	5.2	%	5.7	%
Raleigh, NC	2,010	194,662		4.1	%	5.9	%	3.2	%	5.1	%
Columbus, OH	1,980	184,690		3.9	%	6.3	%	4.0	%	5.6	%
Cincinnati, OH	1,934	186,797		4.0	%	6.2	%	4.8	%	5.7	%
Orlando, FL	1,586	196,280		3.0	%	7.8	%	5.5	%	7.1	%
Salt Lake City, UT	1,592	275,086		4.4	%	3.7	%	4.5	%	4.0	%
Greater Chicago area, IL and IN	1,516	191,000		2.9	%	5.6	%	5.3	%	5.5	%
Charleston, SC	1,263	216,891		2.9	%	5.4	%	4.7	%	5.2	%
Las Vegas, NV	1,220	215,704		2.7	%	4.6	%	3.2	%	4.2	%
San Antonio, TX	1,078	184,960		1.7	%	4.8	%	(0.1)	%	3.5	%
Savannah/Hilton Head, SC	889	188,169		1.9	%	7.6	%	9.8	%	8.2	%
Seattle, WA	875	291,751		2.3	%	7.6	%	6.8	%	7.3	%
All Other (2)	6,052	203,006		13.0	%	6.0	%	4.6	%	5.5	%
Total/Average	49,198	$	200,119	100.0	%	6.2	%	4.5	%	5.7	%
	Average Occupied Days Percentage						Average Monthly Realized Rent per Property
---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---	---
	4Q23 QTD		4Q22 QTD		Change		4Q23 QTD		4Q22 QTD		Change
Atlanta, GA	96.2	%	97.3	%	(1.1)	%	$	2,132	$	2,008	6.2	%
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX	95.7	%	97.3	%	(1.6)	%	2,204		2,065		6.7	%
Charlotte, NC	96.2	%	97.2	%	(1.0)	%	2,060		1,927		6.9	%
Phoenix, AZ	94.9	%	96.8	%	(1.9)	%	2,046		1,945		5.2	%
Nashville, TN	96.3	%	96.8	%	(0.5)	%	2,239		2,106		6.3	%
Indianapolis, IN	96.7	%	95.8	%	0.9	%	1,789		1,706		4.9	%
Jacksonville, FL	95.2	%	96.9	%	(1.7)	%	2,061		1,958		5.3	%
Tampa, FL	95.3	%	97.2	%	(1.9)	%	2,288		2,123		7.8	%
Houston, TX	97.4	%	97.7	%	(0.3)	%	1,979		1,879		5.3	%
Raleigh, NC	96.3	%	97.2	%	(0.9)	%	1,945		1,824		6.6	%
Columbus, OH	96.3	%	96.7	%	(0.4)	%	2,069		1,957		5.7	%
Cincinnati, OH	96.6	%	96.2	%	0.4	%	2,038		1,917		6.3	%
Orlando, FL	95.8	%	97.6	%	(1.8)	%	2,239		2,046		9.4	%
Salt Lake City, UT	96.9	%	96.8	%	0.1	%	2,317		2,198		5.4	%
Greater Chicago area, IL and IN	96.9	%	97.9	%	(1.0)	%	2,325		2,201		5.6	%
Charleston, SC	97.8	%	97.0	%	0.8	%	2,195		2,064		6.3	%
Las Vegas, NV	96.2	%	96.6	%	(0.4)	%	2,120		2,023		4.8	%
San Antonio, TX	94.9	%	96.5	%	(1.6)	%	1,905		1,844		3.3	%
Savannah/Hilton Head, SC	97.2	%	98.0	%	(0.8)	%	2,079		1,916		8.5	%
Seattle, WA	96.0	%	94.9	%	1.1	%	2,635		2,481		6.2	%
All Other (2)	96.1	%	96.5	%	(0.4)	%	2,084		1,967		5.9	%
Total/Average	96.2	%	96.9	%	(0.7)	%	$	2,112	$	1,990	6.1	%

(1)Reflected for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

(2)Represents 15 markets in 13 states.

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	17
AMH
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Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Amounts in thousands)

	Dec 31, 2023		Dec 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Single-family properties:
Land	$	2,234,301	$	2,197,233
Buildings and improvements	10,651,388		10,127,891
Single-family properties in operation	12,885,689		12,325,124
Less: accumulated depreciation	(2,719,970)		(2,386,452)
Single-family properties in operation, net	10,165,719		9,938,672
Single-family properties under development and development land	1,409,424		1,187,221
Single-family properties and land held for sale, net	182,082		198,716
Total real estate assets, net	11,757,225		11,324,609
Cash and cash equivalents	59,385		69,155
Restricted cash	162,476		148,805
Rent and other receivables	42,823		47,752
Escrow deposits, prepaid expenses and other assets	406,138		331,446
Investments in unconsolidated joint ventures	114,198		107,347
Asset-backed securitization certificates	25,666		25,666
Goodwill	120,279		120,279
Total assets	$	12,688,190	$	12,175,059
Liabilities
Revolving credit facility	$	90,000	$	130,000
Asset-backed securitizations, net	1,871,421		1,890,842
Unsecured senior notes, net	2,500,226		2,495,156
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	573,660		484,403
Total liabilities	5,035,307		5,000,401
Commitments and contingencies
Equity
Shareholders' equity:
Class A common shares	3,643		3,529
Class B common shares	6		6
Preferred shares	92		92
Additional paid-in capital	7,357,848		6,931,819
Accumulated deficit	(394,908)		(440,791)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	843		1,332
Total shareholders' equity	6,967,524		6,495,987
Noncontrolling interest	685,359		678,671
Total equity	7,652,883		7,174,658
Total liabilities and equity	$	12,688,190	$	12,175,059
Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	18
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AMH
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Debt Summary as of December 31, 2023

(Amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)

	Secured		Unsecured		Total Balance		% of Total		Interest Rate (1)		Years to Maturity (2)
Floating rate debt:
Revolving credit facility (3)	$	—	$	90,000	$	90,000	2.0	%	6.38	%	2.3
Total floating rate debt	—		90,000		90,000		2.0	%	6.38	%	2.3
Fixed rate debt:
AMH 2014-SFR2 securitization (4)	461,498		—		461,498		10.2	%	4.42	%	0.8
AMH 2014-SFR3 securitization	477,064		—		477,064		10.6	%	4.40	%	0.9
AMH 2015-SFR1 securitization	502,299		—		502,299		11.1	%	4.14	%	21.3
AMH 2015-SFR2 securitization	436,297		—		436,297		9.7	%	4.36	%	21.8
2028 unsecured senior notes	—		500,000		500,000		11.1	%	4.08	%	4.1
2029 unsecured senior notes	—		400,000		400,000		8.9	%	4.90	%	5.1
2031 unsecured senior notes	—		450,000		450,000		10.0	%	2.46	%	7.5
2032 unsecured senior notes	—		600,000		600,000		13.2	%	3.63	%	8.3
2051 unsecured senior notes	—		300,000		300,000		6.6	%	3.38	%	27.6
2052 unsecured senior notes	—		300,000		300,000		6.6	%	4.30	%	28.3
Total fixed rate debt	1,877,158		2,550,000		4,427,158		98.0	%	4.00	%	11.4
Total Debt	$	1,877,158	$	2,640,000	4,517,158		100.0	%	4.05	%	11.2
Unamortized discounts and loan costs					(55,511)
Total debt per balance sheet					$	4,461,647
Maturity Schedule by Year (2)	Total Debt		% of Total
---	---	---	---	---
2024	$	948,864	21.0	%
2025	10,302		0.2	%
2026	100,302		2.2	%
2027	10,302		0.2	%
2028	510,302		11.3	%
Thereafter	2,937,086		65.1	%
Total	$	4,517,158	100.0	%

(1)Interest rates are as of December 31, 2023 and reflect the effect of any hedging instruments, as applicable.

(2)Years to maturity and maturity schedule reflect all debt on a fully extended basis. The AMH 2015-SFR1 securitization and AMH 2015-SFR2 securitization have anticipated repayment dates of April 9, 2025 and October 9, 2025, respectively. If the securitizations are not repaid by this date, the duration-adjusted weighted-average interest rate will increase by a minimum of 3.00%.

(3)The Company amended its revolving credit facility in connection with the transition from the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) during the second quarter of 2023. The revolving credit facility bears interest at SOFR, as adjusted for the Company’s SOFR spread, plus 0.90% as of period end.

(4)The Company has provided notice to the lender of its intent to payoff the AMH 2014-SFR2 securitization during the first quarter of 2024.

Interest Expense Reconciliation

	For the Three Months Ended <br>Dec 31,				For the Years Ended <br>Dec 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Interest expense per income statement and included in Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	35,091	$	36,249	$	140,198	$	134,871
Less: amortization of discounts, loan costs and cash flow hedges	(3,086)		(3,085)		(12,279)		(11,673)
Add: capitalized interest	14,241		12,670		55,232		52,085
Cash interest	$	46,246	$	45,834	$	183,151	$	175,283
Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	19
---	---
AMH
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Capital Structure and Credit Metrics as of December 31, 2023

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

Total Capitalization

Total Debt			$	4,517,158	22.9	%
Total preferred shares			230,000		1.2	%
Common equity at market value:
Common shares outstanding	364,931,506
Operating partnership units	51,376,980
Total shares and units	416,308,486
NYSE AMH Class A common share closing price at December 31, 2023	$	35.96
Market value of common shares and operating partnership units			14,970,453		75.9	%
Total Capitalization			$	19,717,611	100.0	%

Preferred Shares

	Earliest<br>Redemption Date	Outstanding Shares	Per Share		Total		Annual Dividend Per Share		Annual Dividend Amount
Series
5.875% Series G Perpetual Preferred Shares	7/17/2022	4,600,000	$	25.00	$	115,000	$	1.469	$	6,756
6.250% Series H Perpetual Preferred Shares	9/19/2023	4,600,000	$	25.00	115,000		$	1.563	7,188
Total preferred shares		9,200,000			$	230,000			$	13,944
Credit Ratios			Credit Ratings
---	---	---	---	---	---
Net Debt and Preferred Shares to Adjusted EBITDAre	5.4 x		Rating Agency	Rating	Outlook
Fixed Charge Coverage	4.4 x		Moody's Investor Service	Baa2	Stable
Unencumbered Core NOI percentage	71.1	%	S&P Global Ratings	BBB	Stable
Unsecured Senior Notes Covenant Ratios	Requirement			Actual
---	---	---	---	---	---
Ratio of Indebtedness to Total Assets	<	60.0	%	29.8	%
Ratio of Secured Debt to Total Assets	<	40.0	%	12.3	%
Ratio of Unencumbered Assets to Unsecured Debt	>	150.0	%	452.4	%
Ratio of Consolidated Income Available for Debt Service to Interest Expense	>	1.50 x		4.61 x
Unsecured Credit Facility Covenant Ratios	Requirement		Actual
---	---	---	---	---
Ratio of Total Indebtedness to Total Asset Value	<	60.0%	28.9	%
Ratio of Secured Indebtedness to Total Asset Value	<	40.0%	11.5	%
Ratio of Unsecured Indebtedness to Unencumbered Asset Value	<	60.0%	26.7	%
Ratio of EBITDA to Fixed Charges	>	1.50 x	3.84 x
Ratio of Unencumbered NOI to Unsecured Interest Expense	>	1.75 x	6.58 x
Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	20
---	---
AMH
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Top 20 Markets Summary as of December 31, 2023

Property Information (1)

Market	Number of <br>Properties	Percentage <br>of Total <br>Properties		Gross Book<br>Value per<br>Property		Avg.<br>Sq. Ft.	Avg. Age<br>(years)
Atlanta, GA	5,853	10.0	%	$	223,985	2,174	17.3
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX	4,055	6.9	%	175,469		2,095	19.5
Charlotte, NC	4,089	7.0	%	220,086		2,110	17.7
Phoenix, AZ	3,364	5.8	%	213,588		1,841	19.2
Nashville, TN	3,319	5.7	%	247,960		2,117	16.1
Jacksonville, FL	3,101	5.3	%	218,020		1,928	14.4
Indianapolis, IN	2,848	4.9	%	173,841		1,927	20.9
Tampa, FL	2,901	5.0	%	232,187		1,948	15.2
Houston, TX	2,402	4.1	%	177,995		2,082	18.1
Raleigh, NC	2,179	3.7	%	199,320		1,889	17.7
Cincinnati, OH	2,127	3.6	%	196,952		1,842	21.0
Columbus, OH	2,154	3.7	%	195,675		1,880	21.0
Las Vegas, NV	2,169	3.7	%	285,270		1,937	11.7
Salt Lake City, UT	1,901	3.3	%	304,605		2,245	17.2
Orlando, FL	1,999	3.4	%	218,923		1,911	18.3
Greater Chicago area, IL and IN	1,541	2.6	%	191,105		1,865	22.3
Charleston, SC	1,535	2.6	%	229,471		1,962	13.0
San Antonio, TX	1,263	2.2	%	197,277		1,919	14.9
Seattle, WA	1,161	2.0	%	330,534		2,006	13.6
Savannah/Hilton Head, SC	1,051	1.8	%	211,204		1,887	15.2
All Other (3)	7,458	12.7	%	232,983		1,912	17.8
Total/Average	58,470	100.0	%	$	220,381	1,992	17.5

Leasing Information (1)

Market	Avg. Occupied Days<br><br>Percentage (2)		Avg. Monthly Realized Rent<br><br>per Property (2)		Avg. Change in Rent for Renewals (2)		Avg. Change in Rent for Re-Leases (2)		Avg. Blended Change in<br><br>Rent (2)
Atlanta, GA	94.8	%	$	2,153	6.3	%	4.6	%	5.8	%
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX	95.1	%	2,203		6.2	%	5.7	%	6.1	%
Charlotte, NC	95.3	%	2,077		6.3	%	5.5	%	6.1	%
Phoenix, AZ	94.2	%	2,047		6.7	%	2.9	%	5.7	%
Nashville, TN	95.6	%	2,248		5.8	%	4.2	%	5.3	%
Jacksonville, FL	93.3	%	2,081		6.1	%	2.6	%	5.0	%
Indianapolis, IN	96.6	%	1,797		6.3	%	3.4	%	5.3	%
Tampa, FL	93.7	%	2,313		7.4	%	3.8	%	6.1	%
Houston, TX	96.9	%	1,981		5.6	%	5.3	%	5.5	%
Raleigh, NC	96.3	%	1,951		5.9	%	3.3	%	5.1	%
Cincinnati, OH	96.4	%	2,042		6.0	%	4.8	%	5.5	%
Columbus, OH	95.7	%	2,084		6.1	%	4.3	%	5.5	%
Las Vegas, NV	91.9	%	2,194		4.3	%	2.7	%	3.9	%
Salt Lake City, UT	96.4	%	2,365		3.6	%	4.0	%	3.7	%
Orlando, FL	93.8	%	2,258		7.7	%	4.7	%	6.6	%
Greater Chicago area, IL and IN	96.6	%	2,327		5.4	%	5.2	%	5.4	%
Charleston, SC	95.9	%	2,207		5.1	%	5.0	%	5.0	%
San Antonio, TX	94.3	%	1,915		4.7	%	(0.4)	%	3.3	%
Seattle, WA	95.4	%	2,653		7.2	%	6.6	%	7.0	%
Savannah/Hilton Head, SC	97.0	%	2,108		7.3	%	9.1	%	7.8	%
All Other (3)	94.5	%	2,108		5.8	%	4.2	%	5.3	%
Total/Average	95.0	%	$	2,132	6.0	%	4.3	%	5.5	%

(1)Property and leasing information based on total single-family properties wholly owned, excluding properties held for sale.

(2)Reflected for the three months ended December 31, 2023.

(3)Represents 15 markets in 13 states.

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	21
AMH
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Property Additions

	4Q23 Additions			2023 Additions
Market	Number of Properties	Average<br><br>Total Investment Cost		Number of Properties	Average<br><br>Total Investment Cost
Jacksonville, FL	69	$	329,621	219	$	319,674
Charlotte, NC	63	351,006		162	364,129
Las Vegas, NV	51	394,772		343	369,671
Tampa, FL	48	359,954		215	355,703
Atlanta, GA	44	354,151		198	348,012
Orlando, FL	35	338,619		183	339,153
Nashville, TN	35	393,641		107	400,744
Tucson, AZ	31	328,888		53	319,730
Seattle, WA	20	463,712		33	489,362
Boise, ID	15	469,296		170	388,195
Charleston, SC	15	346,190		15	346,190
Phoenix, AZ	13	423,436		35	403,950
Savannah/Hilton Head, SC	10	350,282		12	347,924
Colorado Springs, CO	9	501,322		52	497,729
Raleigh, NC	9	234,272		23	237,966
Columbus, OH	8	383,149		54	382,536
Cincinnati, OH	4	310,014		6	300,814
Salt Lake City, UT	2	642,788		4	637,846
Indianapolis, IN	—	—		1	334,242
Total/Average	481	$	366,738	1,885	$	363,617

Property Dispositions

	Dec 31, 2023 Single-Family Properties Held for Sale		4Q23 Dispositions					2023 Dispositions
Market		Number of Properties		Average<br>Net Proceeds per Property			Number of Properties		Average<br>Net Proceeds per Property
Houston, TX	122		40		$	235,650		366		$	233,695
Greater Chicago area, IL and IN	90		20		272,945			93		260,454
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX	89		30		293,493			177		292,077
Inland Empire, CA	78		5		473,046			80		455,369
Atlanta, GA	54		31		306,828			141		297,798
Austin, TX	53		8		278,044			42		298,118
Phoenix, AZ	41		15		349,640			88		336,469
Tampa, FL	35		5		284,063			28		356,602
Indianapolis, IN	33		7		232,746			69		239,434
Orlando, FL	32		9		329,497			36		327,172
San Antonio, TX	32		12		243,074			53		238,997
Charlotte, NC	29		5		345,866			51		336,604
Nashville, TN	20		5		293,413			35		342,914
Central Valley, CA	16		2		338,543			16		320,775
Charleston, SC	15		1		263,396			13		320,249
Milwaukee, WI	15		4		320,144			14		333,465
Bay Area, CA	14		9		544,739			33		527,705
Memphis, TN	14		6		200,856			20		243,807
Las Vegas, NV	11		3		435,120			31		378,260
Miami, FL	10		—		—			8		362,871
All Other (1)	59		24		322,246			152		324,917
Total/Average	862		241		$	300,962		1,546		$	299,089

(1)Represents 16 markets in 12 states.

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	22
AMH
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AMH Development Pipeline Summary as of December 31, 2023

	2023 Deliveries					Dec 31, 2023<br><br>Lots for<br><br>Future Delivery (1)
Market	Number of Properties	Average Total Investment Cost		Average<br>Monthly Rent
Las Vegas, NV	343	$	370,000	$	2,420	1,242
Tampa, FL	292	357,000		2,600		567
Jacksonville, FL	267	329,000		2,290		649
Charlotte, NC	246	368,000		2,470		287
Atlanta, GA	231	353,000		2,510		699
Orlando, FL	218	347,000		2,440		1,100
Boise, ID	170	388,000		2,310		280
Phoenix, AZ	130	347,000		2,290		1,810
Nashville, TN	123	411,000		2,570		374
Denver, CO	80	551,000		3,010		573
Salt Lake City, UT	56	454,000		2,650		155
Seattle, WA	56	492,000		3,140		236
Columbus, OH	54	383,000		2,510		546
Charleston, SC	34	442,000		2,970		895
Raleigh, NC	17	392,000		2,380		66
Total/Average	2,317	$	374,000	$	2,490	9,479
Lots optioned						3,150
Total lots owned and optioned						12,629

Estimated Delivery Timing

	Dec 31, 2022<br><br>Lots for<br><br>Future Delivery (1)	2023<br><br>Lots Added (3)	2023<br>Deliveries	Full Year Estimated 2024 Deliveries (4)	Deliveries<br><br>Thereafter (4)
Wholly-owned development pipeline (2)	13,764	(30)	1,838	1,825 - 1,975	9,996
Joint venture development pipeline (2)(5)	743	469	479	375 - 425	333
Total development pipeline	14,507	439	2,317	2,200 - 2,400	10,329

(1)Lots controlled in escrow are not included.

(2)Reflects land pipeline and delivery timeline for projects that are intended either for the Company’s wholly-owned or joint venture portfolios.

(3)Represents lots acquired and optioned, net of lots transferred to held for sale or disposed during the period.

(4)Reflects the Company’s latest development program estimates as of February 22, 2024.

(5)Represents three unconsolidated joint ventures for each of which the Company holds a 20% interest.

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	23
AMH
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Lease Expirations

	MTM	1Q24	2Q24	3Q24	4Q24	Thereafter
Lease expirations	2,436	11,543	14,808	13,893	9,883	3,456

Share Repurchase / ATM Share Issuance History

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)

	Share Repurchases					ATM Share Issuances
Period	Common Shares Repurchased	Purchase Price		Avg. Price Paid Per Share		Common Shares Issued	Gross Proceeds		Avg. Issuance Price Per Share
2018	1,804,163	$	34,933	$	19.36	—	$	—	$	—
2019	—	—		—		—	—		—
2020	—	—		—		86,130	2,414		28.03
2021	—	—		—		1,749,286	72,344		41.36
2022	—	—		—		—	—		—
1Q23	—	—		—		—	—		—
2Q23	—	—		—		—	—		—
3Q23	—	—		—		—	—		—
4Q23	—	—		—		2,799,683	101,958		36.42
Total	1,804,163	34,933		$	19.36	4,635,099	176,716		$	38.13
	Remaining authorization:	$	265,067			Remaining authorization: (1)	$	898,042

(1)In June 2023, the Company entered into a new at-the-market common share offering program, replacing the previously expiring program, under which it can issue Class A common shares from time to time through various sales agents up to an aggregate gross sales offering price of $1.0 billion.

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	24
AMH
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2024 Guidance

Guidance Summary

		Full Year 2024
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders		$1.70 - $1.76
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders growth		2.4% - 6.0%
Same-Home
Core revenues growth		3.75% - 5.75%
Core property operating expenses growth		5.25% - 7.25%
Core NOI growth		3.00% - 5.00%
	Full Year 2024
Investment Program	Properties	Investment
Wholly owned acquisitions	—	—
Wholly owned development deliveries	1,825 - 1,975	$700 - $800 million
Wholly owned land and development pipeline	—	$100 - $150 million
Pro rata share of JV and Property Enhancing Capex	—	$100 - $150 million
Total capital investment (wholly owned and pro rata JV)	1,825 - 1,975	$0.9 - $1.1 billion
Total gross capital investment (JVs at 100%)	2,200 - 2,400	$1.1 - $1.3 billion

Full Year 2024 Guidance Commentary

Operating Outlook:

Investment Program:

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	25
AMH
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2024 Guidance (continued)

Capital Plan:

Reconciliation of Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders from 2023 to 2024 Guidance Midpoint

	Per FFO Share <br>and Unit
2023 Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	1.66
Same-Home Core NOI	0.08
Non-Same-Home Core NOI (1)	0.07
Disposition program	(0.02)
General and administrative expense and amortization of IT software assets (2)	(0.01)
Financing costs (share count and interest) (3)	(0.05)
2024 Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders - Guidance Midpoint	$	1.73
2024 Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders growth - Guidance Midpoint	4.2		%

(3)Financing costs (share count and interest) change is primarily related to the funding of the Company’s investment programs and the refinancing of the 2024 maturing securitizations.

Refer to “Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations” for definitions of metrics and reconciliations to GAAP.	26
AMH
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Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations

(Unaudited)

Average Blended Change in Rent

The percentage change in rent on all non-month-to-month lease renewals and re-leases during the period, compared to the annual rent of the previous expired non-month-to-month comparable long-term lease for each individual property.

Average Change in Rent for Re-Leases

The percentage change in annual rent on properties re-leased during the period, compared to the annual rent of the comparable long-term previous expired lease for each individual property.

Average Change in Rent for Renewals

The percentage change in rent on non-month-to-month comparable long-term lease renewals during the period.

Average Monthly Realized Rent

Average Occupied Days Percentage

The number of days a property is occupied in the period divided by the total number of days the property is owned during the same period after initially being placed in-service. This calculation excludes properties classified as held for sale except where presented for Total Single-Family Properties Wholly Owned in Core Net Operating Income – Total Portfolio.

Average Total Investment Cost

Reflects on a per property basis, depending on the property addition channel, (i) Estimated Total Investment Cost of traditional channel acquisitions, (ii) purchase price, including closing costs, or total internal development costs of newly constructed homes, or (iii) total purchase price, including historic pro rata investment cost of properties acquired through bulk or joint venture portfolio acquisitions.

Core Net Operating Income (“Core NOI”) and Same-Home Core NOI

Core NOI, which we also present separately for our Same-Home, unencumbered and encumbered portfolios, is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure that we define as core revenues, which is calculated as rents and other single-family property revenues, excluding expenses reimbursed by tenant charge-backs, less core property operating expenses, which is calculated as property operating and property management expenses, excluding noncash share-based compensation expense and expenses reimbursed by tenant charge-backs.

AMH

Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations (continued)

(Unaudited)

Refer to Select Non-GAAP Reconciliations – Core Net Operating Income for reconciliations of core revenues, Same-Home core revenues, core property operating expenses, Same-Home core property operating expenses, Core NOI, Same-Home Core NOI, Unencumbered Core NOI and Encumbered Core NOI to their respective GAAP metrics.

Credit Ratios

We present the following selected metrics because we believe they are helpful as supplemental measures in assessing the Company’s ability to service its financing obligations and in evaluating balance sheet leverage against that of other real estate companies. The tables below reconcile these metrics, which are calculated in part based on several non-GAAP financial measures.

Net Debt and Preferred Shares to Adjusted EBITDAre

(Amounts in thousands)	Dec 31, <br>2023		Sep 30, <br>2023		Jun 30, <br>2023		Mar 31, <br>2023		Dec 31, <br>2022
Total Debt	$	4,517,158	$	4,433,095	$	4,438,629	$	4,444,863	$	4,581,628
Less: cash and cash equivalents	(59,385)		(69,514)		(199,601)		(255,559)		(69,155)
Less: asset-backed securitization certificates	(25,666)		(25,666)		(25,666)		(25,666)		(25,666)
Less: restricted cash related to securitizations	(42,278)		(52,382)		(45,289)		(42,365)		(39,854)
Net debt	$	4,389,829	$	4,285,533	$	4,168,073	$	4,121,273	$	4,446,953
Preferred shares at liquidation value	230,000		230,000		230,000		230,000		230,000
Net debt and preferred shares	$	4,619,829	$	4,515,533	$	4,398,073	$	4,351,273	$	4,676,953
Adjusted EBITDAre - TTM	$	860,086	$	842,366	$	827,550	$	809,987	$	784,076
Net Debt and Preferred Shares to Adjusted EBITDAre	5.4 x		5.4 x		5.3 x		5.4 x		6.0 x

Fixed Charge Coverage

(Amounts in thousands)	For the Trailing Twelve Months Ended <br>Dec 31, 2023
Interest expense per income statement	$	140,198
Less: amortization of discounts, loan costs and cash flow hedges	(12,279)
Add: capitalized interest	55,232
Cash interest	183,151
Dividends on preferred shares	13,944
Fixed charges	$	197,095
Adjusted EBITDAre - TTM	$	860,086
Fixed Charge Coverage	4.4 x

Unencumbered Core NOI Percentage

	For the Three Months Ended								For the Trailing Twelve Months Ended<br>Dec 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)	Mar 31, <br>2023		Jun 30, <br>2023		Sep 30, <br>2023		Dec 31, <br>2023
Unencumbered Core NOI	$	156,824	$	158,796	$	159,980	$	167,327	$	642,927
Core NOI	220,901		223,461		224,824		235,627		904,813
Unencumbered Core NOI Percentage									71.1		%
AMH
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Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations (continued)

(Unaudited)

EBITDA / EBITDAre / Adjusted EBITDAre / Fully Adjusted EBITDAre / Adjusted EBITDAre Margin / Fully Adjusted EBITDAre Margin

EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure and is used by us and others as a supplemental measure of performance. EBITDAre is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure, which we calculate in accordance with the definition approved by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) by adjusting EBITDA for gains and losses from sales or impairments of single-family properties and adjusting for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures on the same basis. Adjusted EBITDAre is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure calculated by adjusting EBITDAre for (1) acquisition and other transaction costs incurred with business combinations and the acquisition or disposition of properties as well as nonrecurring items unrelated to ongoing operations, (2) noncash share-based compensation expense, (3) hurricane-related charges, net, which result in material charges to our single-family property portfolio, and (4) gain or loss on early extinguishment of debt. Fully Adjusted EBITDAre is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure calculated by adjusting Adjusted EBITDAre for (1) Recurring Capital Expenditures and (2) leasing costs. Adjusted EBITDAre Margin is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure calculated as Adjusted EBITDAre divided by rents and other single-family property revenues, net of tenant charge-backs and adjusted for income from unconsolidated joint ventures. Fully Adjusted EBITDAre Margin is a supplemental non-GAAP financial measure calculated as Fully Adjusted EBITDAre divided by rents and other single-family property revenues, net of tenant charge-backs and adjusted for income from unconsolidated joint ventures. We believe these metrics provide useful information to investors because they exclude the impact of various income and expense items that are not indicative of operating performance.

AMH

Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations (continued)

(Unaudited)

The following is a reconciliation of net income, as determined in accordance with GAAP, to EBITDA, EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre, Fully Adjusted EBITDAre, Adjusted EBITDAre Margin and Fully Adjusted EBITDAre Margin for the three months and the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 (amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended <br>Dec 31,						For the Years Ended <br>Dec 31,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net income	$	90,937		$	103,791		$	432,142		$	310,025
Interest expense	35,091			36,249			140,198			134,871
Depreciation and amortization	115,771			112,843			456,550			426,531
EBITDA	$	241,799		$	252,883		$	1,028,890		$	871,427
Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net	(29,082)			(57,407)			(209,834)			(136,459)
Adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures	1,331			466			3,711			344
EBITDAre	$	214,048		$	195,942		$	822,767		$	735,312
Noncash share-based compensation - general and administrative	2,494			1,966			16,379			15,318
Noncash share-based compensation - property management	879			715			4,030			3,861
Acquisition, other transaction costs and other	4,260			5,338			16,910			23,452
Hurricane-related charges, net	—			—			—			6,133
Adjusted EBITDAre	$	221,681		$	203,961		$	860,086		$	784,076
Recurring Capital Expenditures	(17,019)			(16,020)			(76,098)			(65,636)
Leasing costs	(745)			(718)			(3,113)			(2,586)
Fully Adjusted EBITDAre	$	203,917		$	187,223		$	780,875		$	715,854
Rents and other single-family property revenues	$	408,657		$	380,926		$	1,623,605		$	1,490,534
Less: tenant charge-backs	(48,506)			(45,183)			(215,555)			(202,606)
Adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures - income	3,057			3,713			10,760			13,899
Rents and other single-family property revenues, net of tenant charge-backs and adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures	$	363,208		$	339,456		$	1,418,810		$	1,301,827
Adjusted EBITDAre Margin	61.0		%	60.1		%	60.6		%	60.2		%
Fully Adjusted EBITDAre Margin	56.1		%	55.2		%	55.0		%	55.0		%
AMH
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Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations (continued)

(Unaudited)

The following is a reconciliation of net income, as determined in accordance with GAAP, to EBITDA, EBITDAre and Adjusted EBITDAre for the following trailing twelve-month periods (amounts in thousands):

	For the Trailing Twelve Months Ended
	Dec 31, <br>2023		Sep 30, <br>2023		Jun 30, <br>2023		Mar 31, <br>2023		Dec 31, <br>2022
Net income	$	432,142	$	444,996	$	418,569	$	377,710	$	310,025
Interest expense	140,198		141,356		143,229		143,186		134,871
Depreciation and amortization	456,550		453,622		448,078		439,294		426,531
EBITDA	$	1,028,890	$	1,039,974	$	1,009,876	$	960,190	$	871,427
Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net	(209,834)		(238,159)		(229,021)		(199,074)		(136,459)
Adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures	3,711		2,846		2,482		1,225		344
EBITDAre	$	822,767	$	804,661	$	783,337	$	762,341	$	735,312
Noncash share-based compensation - general and administrative	16,379		15,851		15,081		15,031		15,318
Noncash share-based compensation - property management	4,030		3,866		3,928		3,928		3,861
Acquisition, other transaction costs and other	16,910		17,988		19,071		22,554		23,452
Hurricane-related charges, net	—		—		6,133		6,133		6,133
Adjusted EBITDAre	$	860,086	$	842,366	$	827,550	$	809,987	$	784,076

Estimated Total Investment Cost

Represents the sum of purchase price, closing costs and if applicable, estimated initial renovation costs for homes purchased through traditional broker and trustee channels.

FFO / Core FFO / Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders

FFO attributable to common share and unit holders is a non-GAAP financial measure that we calculate in accordance with the definition approved by NAREIT, which defines FFO as net income or loss calculated in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains and losses from sales or impairment of real estate, plus real estate-related depreciation and amortization (excluding amortization of deferred financing costs and depreciation of non-real estate assets), and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures to reflect FFO on the same basis.

AMH

Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations (continued)

(Unaudited)

FFO, Core FFO and Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders are not a substitute for net income or net cash provided by operating activities, each as determined in accordance with GAAP, as a measure of our operating performance, liquidity or ability to pay dividends. These metrics also are not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund future cash needs. Because other REITs may not compute these measures in the same manner, they may not be comparable among REITs.

Refer to Funds from Operations for a reconciliation of these metrics to net income attributable to common shareholders, determined in accordance with GAAP.

The following are reconciliations of property management expenses and general administrative expense, as determined in accordance with GAAP, to property management expenses, net of tenant charge-backs and excluding noncash share-based compensation expense, and general and administrative expense, excluding noncash share-based compensation expense, as included in Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders (amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended <br>Dec 31,				For the Years Ended <br>Dec 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Property management expenses	$	31,112	$	28,157	$	123,363	$	112,698
Less: tenant charge-backs	(1,872)		(1,905)		(7,610)		(6,355)
Less: noncash share-based compensation - property management	(879)		(715)		(4,030)		(3,861)
Property management expenses, net	$	28,361	$	25,537	$	111,723	$	102,482
General and administrative expense	$	18,487	$	14,942	$	74,615	$	68,057
Less: noncash share-based compensation - general and administrative	(2,494)		(1,966)		(16,379)		(15,318)
General and administrative expense, net	$	15,993	$	12,976	$	58,236	$	52,739
AMH
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Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations (continued)

(Unaudited)

	For the Three Months Ended <br>Dec 31,				For the Years Ended <br>Dec 31,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income per common share–diluted	$	0.21	$	0.25	$	1.01	$	0.71
Adjustments:
Conversion from GAAP share count	(0.03)		(0.03)		(0.13)		(0.09)
Noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership	0.03		0.03		0.13		0.09
Gain on sale and impairment of single-family properties and other, net	(0.07)		(0.14)		(0.51)		(0.34)
Adjustments for unconsolidated joint ventures	—		—		0.01		—
Depreciation and amortization	0.28		0.28		1.10		1.07
Less: depreciation and amortization of non-real estate assets	(0.01)		(0.01)		(0.04)		(0.03)
FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.41	$	0.38	$	1.57	$	1.41
Adjustments:
Acquisition, other transaction costs and other	0.01		0.02		0.04		0.06
Noncash share-based compensation - general and administrative	0.01		—		0.04		0.03
Noncash share-based compensation - property management	—		—		0.01		0.01
Hurricane-related charges, net	—		—		—		0.02
Redemption of perpetual preferred shares	—		—		—		0.01
Core FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.43	$	0.40	$	1.66	$	1.54
Recurring Capital Expenditures	(0.04)		(0.05)		(0.18)		(0.16)
Leasing costs	—		—		(0.01)		(0.01)
Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	0.39	$	0.35	$	1.47	$	1.37

FFO Shares and Units

Includes weighted-average common shares and operating partnership units outstanding, as well as potentially dilutive securities.

Occupied Property

A property is classified as occupied upon commencement (i.e., start date) of a lease agreement, which can occur contemporaneously with or subsequent to execution (i.e., signature).

Property Enhancing Capex

Includes elective capital expenditures to enhance the operating profile of a property, such as investments to increase future revenues or reduce maintenance expenditures.

Recurring Capital Expenditures

AMH

Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations (continued)

(Unaudited)

Retained Cash Flow

Refer to Funds from Operations for a reconciliation of Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders to net income attributable to common shareholders, determined in accordance with GAAP. The following is a reconciliation of Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders to Retained Cash Flow (amounts in thousands):

	For the Three Months Ended <br>Dec 31, 2023
Adjusted FFO attributable to common share and unit holders	$	160,825
Common distributions	(91,375)
Retained Cash Flow	$	69,450

Same-Home Property

Stabilized Property

Total Capitalization

Includes the market value of all outstanding common shares and operating partnership units (based on the NYSE AMH Class A common share closing price as of period end), the current liquidation value of preferred shares as of period end and Total Debt.

Total Debt

Includes principal balances on asset-backed securitizations, unsecured senior notes and borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility as of period end, and excludes unamortized discounts and unamortized deferred financing costs.

Turnover Rate

The number of tenant move-outs during the period divided by the total number of properties.

AMH

Defined Terms and Non-GAAP Reconciliations (continued)

(Unaudited)

Unsecured Senior Notes Covenant Ratios and Unsecured Credit Facility Covenant Ratios

Debt covenant compliance ratios for the unsecured senior notes show the Company’s compliance with selected covenants provided in the Indenture dated as of February 7, 2018, as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture dated as of February 7, 2018 for the 2028 Unsecured Senior Notes, the Second Supplemental Indenture dated as of January 23, 2019 for the 2029 Unsecured Senior Notes, the Third Supplemental Indenture dated as of July 8, 2021 for the 2031 Unsecured Senior Notes, the Fourth Supplemental Indenture dated as of July 8, 2021 for the 2051 Unsecured Senior Notes, the Fifth Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 7, 2022 for the 2032 Unsecured Senior Notes, and the Sixth Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 7, 2022 for the 2052 Unsecured Senior Notes, which have been filed as exhibits to the Company’s SEC reports. The ratios for the Unsecured Credit Facility covenants show the Company’s compliance with selected covenants provided in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated as of April 15, 2021, which has been filed as an exhibit to the Company’s SEC reports.

The debt covenant compliance ratios are provided only to show the Company’s compliance with certain covenants contained in the Indenture governing its unsecured debt securities and in the Credit Agreement, as of the date reported. These ratios should not be used for any other purpose, including without limitation to evaluate the Company’s financial condition or results of operations, nor do they indicate the Company’s covenant compliance as of any other date or for any other period. The capitalized terms in the disclosure are defined in the Indenture or the Credit Agreement, and may differ materially from similar terms used elsewhere in this document and used by other companies that present information about their covenant compliance. For risks related to failure to comply with these covenants, see “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Business” and other risks discussed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, and in the Company’s subsequent filings with the SEC.

Executive Management
David P. Singelyn	Christopher C. Lau
Chief Executive Officer	Chief Financial Officer
Bryan Smith	Sara H. Vogt-Lowell
Chief Operating Officer	Chief Legal Officer
AMH Diversified Portfolio
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Corporate Information	Investor Relations
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