Equibles

10-Q

HANMI FINANCIAL CORP (HAFC)

10-Q 2025-05-09 For: 2025-03-31
View Original
Added on April 04, 2026

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2025

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period From To

Commission File Number: 000-30421

HANMI FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

Delaware 95-4788120
(State or Other Jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer
Incorporation or Organization) Identification No.)
900 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 1250
--- ---
Los Angeles, California 90017
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(213) 382-2200

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Not Applicable

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, If Changed Since Last Report)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Trading<br><br>Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value HAFC Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of April 30, 2025, there were 30,212,095 outstanding shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock.

Hanmi Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025

Table of Contents

Part I – Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements 3
Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2025 (unaudited) and December 31, 2024 3
Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited) 4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited) 5
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the threemonths ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited) 6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for thethree months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited) 7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) 8
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 41
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 60
Item 4. Controls and Procedures 60
Part II – Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings 61
Item 1A. Risk Factors 61
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 61
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities 61
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 61
Item 5. Other Information 61
Item 6. Exhibits 62
Signatures 63

Hanmi Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2025 2024
Interest and dividend income:
Interest and fees on loans receivable $ 90,887 $ 91,674
Interest on securities 6,169 4,955
Dividends on FHLB stock 360 361
Interest on deposits in other banks 1,841 2,604
Total interest and dividend income 99,257 99,594
Interest expense:
Interest on deposits 40,559 45,638
Interest on borrowings 2,024 1,655
Interest on subordinated debentures 1,582 1,646
Total interest expense 44,165 48,939
Net interest income before credit loss expense 55,092 50,655
Credit loss expense 2,721 227
Net interest income after credit loss expense 52,371 50,428
Noninterest income:
Service charges on deposit accounts 2,217 2,450
Trade finance and other service charges and fees 1,396 1,414
Gain on sale of Small Business Administration ("SBA") loans 2,000 1,482
Gain on sale of mortgage loans 175 —
Other operating income 1,938 2,387
Total noninterest income 7,726 7,733
Noninterest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits 20,972 21,585
Occupancy and equipment 4,450 4,537
Data processing 3,787 3,551
Professional fees 1,468 1,893
Supplies and communications 517 601
Advertising and promotion 585 907
Other operating expenses 3,205 3,371
Total noninterest expense 34,984 36,445
Income before tax 25,113 21,716
Income tax expense 7,441 6,552
Net income $ 17,672 $ 15,164
Basic earnings per share $ 0.59 $ 0.50
Diluted earnings per share $ 0.58 $ 0.50
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic 29,937,660 30,119,646
Diluted 30,058,248 30,119,646

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Hanmi Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited)

(in thousands)

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2025 2024
Net income $ 17,672 $ 15,164
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Unrealized gain (loss):
Unrealized holding gain (loss) on available for sale securities 14,542 (5,098 )
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges 190 (2,207 )
Unrealized gain (loss) 14,732 (7,305 )
Income tax benefit (expense) related to other comprehensive income items (4,183 ) 2,343
Other comprehensive income (loss) 10,549 (4,962 )
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income 245 —
Income tax benefit related to reclassification adjustment (73 ) —
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income, net of tax 172 —
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax 10,721 (4,962 )
Total comprehensive income $ 28,393 $ 10,202

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Hanmi Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

(in thousands, except share data)

Stockholders' Equity
Accumulated
Additional Other Treasury Total
Treasury Shares Common Paid-in Comprehensive Retained Stock, Stockholders'
Shares Outstanding Stock Capital Loss Earnings at Cost Equity
Balance at January 1, 2024 33,918,035 (3,549,380 ) 30,368,655 $ 34 $ 586,912 $ (71,928 ) $ 319,048 $ (132,175 ) $ 701,891
Issuance of awards pursuant to equity incentive plans, net of forfeitures 39,249 — 39,249 — — — — — —
Share-based compensation expense — — — — 775 — — — 775
Shares surrendered to satisfy tax liability upon vesting of equity awards — (31,546 ) (31,546 ) — — — — (490 ) (490 )
Repurchase of common stock — (100,000 ) (100,000 ) — — — — (1,592 ) (1,592 )
Cash dividends paid (common stock, 0.25/share) — — — — — — (7,686 ) — (7,686 )
Net income — — — — — — 15,164 — 15,164
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale, net of income taxes — — — — — (3,394 ) — — (3,394 )
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedge, net of income taxes — — — — — (1,568 ) — — (1,568 )
Balance at March 31, 2024 33,957,284 (3,680,926 ) 30,276,358 $ 34 $ 587,687 $ (76,890 ) $ 326,526 $ (134,257 ) $ 703,100
Balance at January 1, 2025 34,151,464 (3,955,465 ) 30,195,999 $ 34 $ 591,069 $ (70,723 ) $ 350,869 $ (139,075 ) $ 732,174
Issuance of awards pursuant to equity incentive plans, net of forfeitures 113,566 — 113,566 — — — — — —
Share-based compensation expense — — — — 873 — — — 873
Shares surrendered to satisfy tax liability upon vesting of equity awards — (26,051 ) (26,051 ) — — — — (579 ) (579 )
Repurchase of common stock — (50,000 ) (50,000 ) — — — — (1,124 ) (1,124 )
Cash dividends paid (common stock, 0.27/share) — — — — — — (8,252 ) — (8,252 )
Net income — — — — — — 17,672 — 17,672
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale, net of income taxes — — — — — 10,411 — — 10,411
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedge, net of income taxes — — — — — 310 — — 310
Balance at March 31, 2025 34,265,030 (4,031,516 ) 30,233,514 $ 34 $ 591,942 $ (60,002 ) $ 360,289 $ (140,778 ) $ 751,485

All values are in US Dollars.

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Hanmi Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(in thousands)

Three Months Ended March 31,
2025 2024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 17,672 $ 15,164
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 1,592 1,604
Amortization of servicing assets - net 692 694
Share-based compensation expense 873 775
Credit loss expense 2,721 227
(Gain) loss on sales of SBA loans (2,000 ) (1,482 )
Origination of SBA loans held for sale (35,420 ) (17,632 )
Proceeds from sales of loans 43,837 26,555
(Gain) loss on sales of residential loans (175 ) (443 )
Change in bank-owned life insurance (308 ) (304 )
Change in prepaid expenses and other assets 1,160 5,564
Change in income tax assets 2,660 1,707
Change in accrued interest payable and other liabilities (7,460 ) (2,446 )
Net cash provided by operating activities 25,844 29,983
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of securities available for sale (32,466 ) (38,424 )
Proceeds from matured, called and repayment of securities 45,141 26,233
Purchases of loans receivable (34,301 ) (10,198 )
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans — 30,427
Purchases of premises and equipment (263 ) (794 )
Proceeds from disposition of premises and equipment 14 —
Change in loans receivable, excluding purchases and sales (8,608 ) (16,729 )
Net cash used in investing activities (30,483 ) (9,485 )
Cash flows from financing activities:
Change in deposits 183,699 95,486
Change in open FHLB advances (145,000 ) (152,500 )
Cash paid for employee vested shares surrendered due to employee tax liability (579 ) (490 )
Repurchase of common stock (1,125 ) (1,594 )
Cash dividends paid (8,153 ) (7,686 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 28,842 (66,784 )
Net increase (decrease) in cash and due from banks 24,203 (46,286 )
Cash and due from banks at beginning of year 304,800 302,324
Cash and due from banks at end of period $ 329,003 $ 256,038
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Interest paid $ 49,343 $ 50,238
Income taxes paid $ 550 $ 175
Non-cash activities:
Income tax benefit (expense) related to other comprehensive income items $ (4,256 ) $ 2,343
Change in right-of-use asset obtained in exchange for lease liability $ (4,442 ) $ (1,873 )

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Hanmi Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

Note 1 — Organization and Basis of Presentation

Hanmi Financial Corporation (“Hanmi Financial,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is a bank holding company whose primary subsidiary is Hanmi Bank (the “Bank”). Our primary operations are related to traditional banking activities, including the acceptance of deposits and the lending and investing of money by the Bank.

In management’s opinion, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of Hanmi Financial and its subsidiaries reflect all adjustments of a normal and recurring nature that are necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim period ended March 31, 2025. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. The unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with GAAP and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Operating results for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2025 or for any other period. The interim information should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the “2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K”).

The preparation of interim unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the unaudited financial statements and disclosures provided, and actual results could differ.

Descriptions of our significant accounting policies are included in Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Effective January 1, 2025, the Company changed its methodology for estimating expected credit losses on its loan portfolio in accordance with Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-23, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses. Previously, the Company primarily used a Probability of Default / Loss Given Default (PD/LGD) model to determine the allowance for credit losses. Following a periodic review of its credit loss estimation process, the Company concluded that a historical loss rate approach, adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts, more appropriately reflects the expected credit losses for its loan portfolio. This change is considered a change in accounting estimate resulting from a change in methodology and assumptions, and is accounted for prospectively in accordance with ASC 250-10-45-17 through 45-18.

The change in methodology had an immaterial impact to the Company’s operating results and financial condition. The provision for credit losses for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 reflects this change in estimate. Management believes the revised approach enhances the accuracy and relevance of its allowance for credit losses by aligning the methodology more closely with the Company’s historical experience, the nature of its loan portfolio, and expectations for future economic conditions.

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2025

ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures: In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 to enhance the transparency and usefulness of income tax disclosures primarily related to income tax rate reconciliation and income tax information. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The adoption of ASU 2023-09 did not have a material effect on the Company’s operating results or financial condition.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards Not Yet Effective

ASU 2024-03, Income Statement Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), as amended by ASU 2025-01, Clarifying the Effective Date: In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2024-03 to require additional information about specific expense categories in the financial statement notes at interim and annual reporting periods. The amendments in this ASU do not change or remove current expense disclosure requirements. The amendments affect where the information appears in the financial statement notes. ASU 2025-01 amends the changes in ASU 2024-03 to be effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026. The adoption of ASU 2024-03 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s operating results or financial condition.

Note 2 — Securities

The following is a summary of securities available for sale as of the dates indicated:

Gross Gross Estimated
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Fair
Cost Gain Loss Value
(in thousands)
March 31, 2025
U.S. Treasury securities $ 89,726 $ 281 $ (376 ) $ 89,631
U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations:
Mortgage-backed securities - residential 439,368 471 (52,001 ) 387,838
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial 74,491 92 (12,031 ) 62,552
Collateralized mortgage obligations 195,041 1,271 (7,783 ) 188,529
Debt securities 116,783 12 (2,891 ) 113,904
Total U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations 825,683 1,846 (74,706 ) 752,823
Municipal bonds-tax exempt 75,825 — (11,268 ) 64,557
Total securities available for sale $ 991,234 $ 2,127 $ (86,350 ) $ 907,011
December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasury securities $ 89,208 $ 242 $ (521 ) $ 88,929
U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations:
Mortgage-backed securities - residential 453,993 222 (61,643 ) 392,572
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial 75,947 24 (13,055 ) 62,916
Collateralized mortgage obligations 182,553 404 (9,401 ) 173,556
Debt securities 126,776 9 (3,969 ) 122,816
Total U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations 839,269 659 (88,068 ) 751,860
Municipal bonds-tax exempt 76,086 — (11,077 ) 65,009
Total securities available for sale $ 1,004,563 $ 901 $ (99,666 ) $ 905,798

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of securities as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, by contractual or expected maturity, are shown below. Collateralized mortgage obligations are included in the table shown below based on their expected maturities. All other securities are included based on their contractual maturities.

March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Available for Sale Available for Sale
Amortized Estimated Amortized Estimated
Cost Fair Value Cost Fair Value
(in thousands)
Within one year $ 95,434 $ 94,924 $ 93,251 $ 92,646
Over one year through five years 125,499 122,995 133,408 129,556
Over five years through ten years 87,294 77,660 90,772 81,833
Over ten years 683,007 611,432 687,132 601,763
Total $ 991,234 $ 907,011 $ 1,004,563 $ 905,798

The following table summarizes debt securities available for sale in an unrealized loss position for which an allowance for credit losses has not been recorded at March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024, aggregated by major security type and length of time in a continuous unrealized loss position:

Holding Period
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or More Total
Gross Estimated Number Gross Estimated Number Gross Estimated Number
Unrealized Fair of Unrealized Fair of Unrealized Fair of
Loss Value Securities Loss Value Securities Loss Value Securities
(in thousands, except number of securities)
March 31, 2025
U.S. Treasury securities $ (17 ) $ 8,063 3 $ (359 ) $ 9,876 3 $ (376 ) $ 17,939 6
U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations:
Mortgage-backed securities - residential (102 ) 8,788 5 (51,899 ) 348,252 114 (52,001 ) 357,040 119
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial (246 ) 14,745 4 (11,785 ) 41,463 14 (12,031 ) 56,208 18
Collateralized mortgage obligations (34 ) 20,494 5 (7,749 ) 52,260 23 (7,783 ) 72,754 28
Debt securities — — — (2,891 ) 98,658 19 (2,891 ) 98,658 19
Total U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations (382 ) 44,027 14 (74,324 ) 540,633 170 (74,706 ) 584,660 184
Municipal bonds-tax exempt — — — (11,268 ) 64,558 19 (11,268 ) 64,558 19
Total $ (399 ) $ 52,090 17 $ (85,951 ) $ 615,067 192 $ (86,350 ) $ 667,157 209
December 31, 2024
U.S. Treasury securities $ (61 ) $ 13,603 6 $ (460 ) $ 9,771 3 $ (521 ) $ 23,374 9
U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations:
Mortgage-backed securities - residential (271 ) 23,276 10 (61,372 ) 351,793 114 (61,643 ) 375,069 124
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial (447 ) 19,092 5 (12,608 ) 41,817 14 (13,055 ) 60,909 19
Collateralized mortgage obligations (645 ) 76,963 18 (8,756 ) 54,020 24 (9,401 ) 130,983 42
Debt securities (23 ) 11,712 3 (3,946 ) 107,595 21 (3,969 ) 119,307 24
Total U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations (1,386 ) 131,043 36 (86,682 ) 555,225 173 (88,068 ) 686,268 209
Municipal bonds-tax exempt — — — (11,077 ) 65,009 19 (11,077 ) 65,009 19
Total $ (1,447 ) $ 144,646 42 $ (98,219 ) $ 630,005 195 $ (99,666 ) $ 774,651 237

The Company evaluates its available for sale securities portfolio for impairment on a quarterly basis. The Company did not recognize unrealized losses in income because it has the ability and the intent to hold and does not expect to be required to sell these securities until the recovery of their cost basis. The quarterly impairment assessment considers the changes in the credit quality of these debt securities since acquisition and the likelihood of a credit loss occurring over the life of the securities. If a credit loss is expected to occur, an allowance is established and a corresponding credit loss is recognized. Based on its analysis, as of March 31, 2025, the Company determined that no credit losses were expected to be realized on the tax-exempt municipal bond portfolio. The remainder of the portfolio consists of U.S. Treasury obligations, U.S. government agency securities, and U.S. government sponsored agency securities, all of which have the backing of the U.S. government, and are therefore not expected to incur credit losses.

There were no sales of securities during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.

Securities available for sale with market values of $28.9 million and $29.4 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, were pledged to secure borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) Discount Window.

At March 31, 2025, there were no holdings of securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity.

Note 3 — Loans

Loans Receivable

Loans consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:

March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
(in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Commercial property
Retail $ 1,109,097 $ 1,068,978
Hospitality 845,275 848,134
Office 563,957 568,861
Other (1) 1,378,746 1,385,051
Total commercial property loans 3,897,075 3,871,024
Construction 78,576 78,598
Residential (2) 979,536 951,302
Total real estate loans 4,955,187 4,900,924
Commercial and industrial loans 854,406 863,431
Equipment financing agreements 472,596 487,022
Loans receivable 6,282,189 6,251,377
Allowance for credit losses (70,597 ) (70,147 )
Loans receivable, net $ 6,211,592 $ 6,181,230
  • (1)
  • (2)

Accrued interest on loans was $20.3 million and $19.1 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, loans with carrying values of $2.44 billion and $2.46 billion, respectively, were pledged to secure advances from the FHLB.

Loans Held for Sale

The following is the activity for loans held for sale for the following periods:

Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Total
(in thousands)
Three months ended March 31, 2025
Balance at beginning of period $ 3,994 $ 4,585 $ 8,579
Originations and transfers 18,615 16,805 35,420
Sales (17,594 ) (14,570 ) (32,164 )
Principal paydowns and amortization — (4 ) (4 )
Balance at end of period $ 5,015 $ 6,816 $ 11,831
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Balance at beginning of period $ 8,792 $ 3,221 $ 12,013
Originations and transfers 9,614 8,018 17,632
Sales (16,900 ) (8,687 ) (25,587 )
Principal paydowns and amortization (52 ) (7 ) (59 )
Balance at end of period $ 1,454 $ 2,545 $ 3,999

The following table presents loans purchased by portfolio segment for the following periods:

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2025 2024
(in thousands)
Commercial real estate $ 15,113 $ 274
Commercial and industrial 9,203 9,924
Residential real estate 9,985 —
Total $ 34,301 $ 10,198

Allowance for Credit Losses

Effective January 1, 2025, we transitioned to a new allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) model to perform our ACL analysis. Part of the transition to the new model, in addition to the factors previously mentioned, includes a change in our methodology on commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, and residential loans. The change in models did not result in a material change in our ACL as of January 1, 2025. The table below includes in credit loss expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 the effect of the ACL model change of $1.4 million.

The following table details the information on the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment for the following periods:

Real Estate Commercial and Industrial Equipment Financing Agreements Total
(in thousands)
Three months ended March 31, 2025
Balance at beginning of period $ 45,099 $ 10,006 $ 15,042 $ 70,147
Charge-offs (169 ) (222 ) (2,798 ) (3,189 )
Recoveries 424 36 783 1,243
Credit loss expense (recovery) 5,948 (3,578 ) 26 2,396
Ending balance $ 51,302 $ 6,242 $ 13,053 $ 70,597
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Balance at beginning of period $ 45,499 $ 10,257 $ 13,706 $ 69,462
Charge-offs — (155 ) (1,968 ) (2,123 )
Recoveries 46 58 423 527
Credit loss expense (recovery) (2,961 ) 1,676 1,689 404
Ending balance $ 42,584 $ 11,836 $ 13,850 $ 68,270

The table below presents the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment as a percentage of the total allowance for credit losses and loans by portfolio segment as a percentage of the aggregate investment of loans receivable as of:

March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Allowance Amount Percentage of Total Allowance Total Loans Percentage of Total Loans Allowance Amount Percentage of Total Allowance Total Loans Percentage of Total Loans
(dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Commercial property
Retail $ 9,404 13.3 % $ 1,109,097 17.7 % $ 10,171 14.5 % $ 1,068,978 17.1 %
Hospitality 7,128 10.1 845,275 13.5 15,302 21.8 848,134 13.6
Office 11,536 16.3 563,957 9.0 3,935 5.6 568,861 9.1
Other 12,278 17.5 1,378,746 21.8 8,243 11.8 1,385,051 22.2
Total commercial property loans 40,346 57.2 3,897,075 62.0 37,651 53.7 3,871,024 62.0
Construction 1,021 1.4 78,576 1.3 1,664 2.4 78,598 1.3
Residential 9,936 14.2 979,536 15.7 5,784 8.2 951,302 15.2
Total real estate loans 51,303 72.8 4,955,187 79.0 45,099 64.3 4,900,924 78.5
Commercial and industrial loans 6,242 8.7 854,406 13.5 10,006 14.3 863,431 13.8
Equipment financing agreements 13,052 18.5 472,596 7.5 15,042 21.4 487,022 7.7
Total $ 70,597 100.0 % $ 6,282,189 100.0 % $ 70,147 100.0 % $ 6,251,377 100.0 %

The following table represents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class of loans, for which repayment is expected to be obtained through the sale of the underlying collateral, as of:

March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
(in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Commercial property
Retail $ 576 $ 1,377
Hospitality 2,037 215
Office 20,000 —
Total commercial property loans 22,613 1,592
Residential 2,819 1,875
Total real estate loans 25,432 3,467
Total $ 25,432 $ 3,499

Loan Quality Indicators

As part of the on-going monitoring of the quality of our loans portfolio, we utilize an internal loan grading system to identify credit risk and assign an appropriate grade (from 1 to 8) for each loan in our portfolio. Third-party loan reviews are conducted annually on a sample basis. Additional adjustments are made when determined to be necessary. The loan grade definitions are as follows:

Pass and Pass-Watch: Pass and Pass-Watch loans, grades (1-4), are in compliance with the Bank’s credit policy and regulatory requirements, and do not exhibit any potential or defined weaknesses as defined under “Special Mention”, “Substandard” or “Doubtful.” This category is the strongest level of the Bank’s loan grading system. It consists of all performing loans with no identified credit weaknesses. It includes cash and stock/security secured loans or other investment grade loans.

Special Mention: A Special Mention loan, grade (5), has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If not corrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment of the debt and result in a Substandard classification. Loans that have significant actual, not potential, weaknesses are considered more severely classified.

Substandard: A Substandard loan, grade (6), has a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. A loan graded Substandard is not protected by the sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower, or of the value and type of collateral pledged. With a Substandard loan, there is a distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the weaknesses or deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful: A Doubtful loan, grade (7), is one that has critical weaknesses that would make the collection or liquidation of the full amount due improbable. However, there may be pending events which may work to strengthen the loan, and therefore the amount or timing of a possible loss cannot be determined at the current time.

Loss: A loan classified as Loss, grade (8), is considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as active bank assets is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this asset even though partial recovery may be possible in the future. Loans classified as Loss will be charged off in a timely manner.

Under regulatory guidance, loans graded special mention or worse are considered criticized loans, and loans graded substandard or worse are considered classified loans.

Loans by Vintage Year and Risk Rating

Term Loans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (1)
2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Revolving<br>Loans<br>Amortized<br>Cost Basis Total
(in thousands)
March 31, 2025
Real estate loans:
Commercial property
Risk Rating `
Pass / Pass-Watch $ 324,165 $ 440,685 $ 526,730 $ 903,055 $ 780,169 $ 687,369 $ 93,960 $ 3,756,133
Special Mention — 29,820 — 148 — 75,959 — 105,927
Classified 111 361 — 24,914 3,131 6,498 — 35,015
Total commercial property 324,276 470,866 526,730 928,117 783,300 769,826 93,960 3,897,075
YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — 169 — 169
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) (1 ) — — (274 ) — 21 — (254 )
Construction
Risk Rating
Pass / Pass-Watch 15,014 55,564 7,998 — — — — 78,576
Special Mention — — — — — — — —
Classified — — — — — — — —
Total construction 15,014 55,564 7,998 — — — — 78,576
YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — — — —
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) — — — — — — — —
Residential
Risk Rating
Pass / Pass-Watch 53,928 125,045 185,407 349,962 143,387 113,205 6,583 977,517
Special Mention — — — — — — 251 251
Classified — — — 966 — 802 — 1,768
Total residential 53,928 125,045 185,407 350,928 143,387 114,007 6,834 979,536
YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — — — —
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) — — — — — (1 ) — (1 )
Total real estate loans
Risk Rating
Pass / Pass-Watch 393,107 621,294 720,135 1,253,017 923,556 800,574 100,542 4,812,225
Special Mention — 29,820 — 148 — 75,959 252 106,179
Classified 111 361 — 25,880 3,131 7,300 — 36,783
Total real estate loans 393,218 651,475 720,135 1,279,045 926,687 883,833 100,794 4,955,187
YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — 169 — 169
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) (1 ) — — (274 ) — 20 — (255 )
Commercial and industrial loans:
Risk Rating
Pass / Pass-Watch 138,971 211,289 48,519 72,953 31,519 23,118 314,381 840,750
Special Mention — — — 12,201 — — — 12,201
Classified — 131 — 118 82 113 1,011 1,455
Total commercial and industrial loans 138,971 211,420 48,519 85,272 31,601 23,231 315,392 854,406
YTD gross charge-offs — — — 88 — 134 — 222
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) — — (5 ) 80 — 111 — 186
Equipment financing agreements:
Risk Rating
Pass / Pass-Watch 47,857 126,273 128,890 111,146 42,505 7,644 — 464,315
Special Mention — — — — — — — —
Classified — 271 2,155 3,934 1,681 240 — 8,281
Total equipment financing agreements 47,857 126,544 131,045 115,080 44,186 7,884 — 472,596
YTD gross charge-offs — 220 760 1,234 506 78 — 2,798
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) — 220 604 927 275 (9 ) (2 ) 2,015
Total loans receivable:
Risk Rating
Pass / Pass-Watch 579,935 958,856 897,544 1,437,116 997,580 831,336 414,923 6,117,290
Special Mention — 29,820 — 12,349 — 75,959 252 118,380
Classified 111 763 2,155 29,932 4,894 7,653 1,011 46,519
Total loans receivable $ 580,046 $ 989,439 $ 899,699 $ 1,479,397 $ 1,002,474 $ 914,948 $ 416,186 $ 6,282,189
YTD gross charge-offs — 220 760 1,322 506 381 — 3,189
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) (1 ) 220 599 733 275 122 (2 ) 1,946
  • (1)
Term Loans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (1)
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving<br>Loans<br>Amortized<br>Cost Basis Total
December 31, 2024
Real estate loans:
Commercial property
Risk Rating
Pass / Pass-Watch $ 533,989 $ 558,271 $ 930,190 $ 800,938 $ 553,490 $ 271,209 $ 101,277 $ 3,749,364
Special Mention 29,935 — 1,009 — — 76,524 — 107,468
Classified 541 — 5,658 3,151 72 4,770 — 14,192
Total commercial property 564,465 558,271 936,857 804,089 553,562 352,503 101,277 3,871,024
YTD gross charge-offs — — 274 — — 136 — 410
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) — — 274 — (21 ) (704 ) — (451 )
Construction
Risk Rating
Pass / Pass-Watch 70,601 7,997 — — — — — 78,598
Special Mention — — — — — — — —
Classified — — — — — — — —
Total construction 70,601 7,997 — — — — — 78,598
YTD gross charge-offs — — — — 1,133 — — 1,133
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) — — — — 1,132 (1,358 ) — (226 )
Residential
Risk Rating
Pass / Pass-Watch 127,986 200,316 355,134 145,310 11,164 105,406 4,436 949,752
Special Mention — — — — — — 251 251
Classified — — 983 — 316 — — 1,299
Total residential 127,986 200,316 356,117 145,310 11,480 105,406 4,687 951,302
YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — — — —
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) — — — — — (3 ) — (3 )
Total real estate loans
Risk Rating
Pass / Pass-Watch 732,576 766,584 1,285,324 946,248 564,654 376,615 105,713 4,777,714
Special Mention 29,935 — 1,009 — — 76,524 251 107,719
Classified 541 — 6,641 3,151 388 4,770 — 15,491
Total real estate loans 763,052 766,584 1,292,974 949,399 565,042 457,909 105,964 4,900,924
YTD gross charge-offs — — 274 — 1,133 136 — 1,543
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) — — 274 — 1,111 (2,065 ) — (680 )
Commercial and industrial loans:
Risk Rating
Pass / Pass-Watch 271,655 59,453 94,385 32,226 12,761 13,360 346,001 829,841
Special Mention 19,473 — 12,401 — — 20 — 31,894
Classified — (5 ) 196 102 — 215 1,188 1,696
Total commercial and industrial loans 291,128 59,448 106,982 32,328 12,761 13,595 347,189 863,431
YTD gross charge-offs 19 169 168 — 11 207 2 576
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) 19 169 160 (13 ) 11 123 (3,375 ) (2,906 )
Equipment financing agreements:
Risk Rating
Pass / Pass-Watch 140,143 144,617 129,764 52,354 8,085 3,563 — 478,526
Special Mention — — — — — — — —
Classified 431 1,945 3,851 1,934 129 206 — 8,496
Total equipment financing agreements 140,574 146,562 133,615 54,288 8,214 3,769 — 487,022
YTD gross charge-offs 30 1,456 5,128 2,206 354 325 — 9,499
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) 30 1,299 4,488 1,826 287 (211 ) — 7,719
Total loans receivable:
Risk Rating
Pass / Pass-Watch 1,144,374 970,654 1,509,473 1,030,828 585,500 393,538 451,714 6,086,081
Special Mention 49,408 — 13,410 — — 76,544 251 139,613
Classified 972 1,940 10,688 5,187 517 5,191 1,188 25,683
Total loans receivable $ 1,194,754 $ 972,594 $ 1,533,571 $ 1,036,015 $ 586,017 $ 475,273 $ 453,153 $ 6,251,377
YTD gross charge-offs 49 1,625 5,570 2,206 1,498 668 2 11,618
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) 49 1,468 4,922 1,813 1,409 (2,153 ) (3,375 ) 4,133
  • (1)

Loans by Vintage Year and Payment Performance

Term Loans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (1)
2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Revolving<br>Loans<br>Amortized<br>Cost Basis Total
(in thousands)
March 31, 2025
Real estate loans:
Commercial property
Payment performance
Performing $ 324,276 $ 470,866 $ 526,730 $ 908,008 $ 783,300 $ 766,701 $ 93,960 $ 3,873,841
Nonperforming — — — 20,109 — 3,125 — 23,234
Total commercial property 324,276 470,866 526,730 928,117 783,300 769,826 93,960 3,897,075
YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — 169 — 169
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) (1 ) — — (274 ) — 21 — (254 )
Construction
Payment performance
Performing 15,014 55,564 7,998 — — — — 78,576
Nonperforming — — — — — — — —
Total construction 15,014 55,564 7,998 — — — — 78,576
YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — — — —
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) — — — — — — — —
Residential
Payment performance
Performing 53,928 125,045 185,407 349,399 143,387 112,721 6,834 976,721
Nonperforming — — — 1,529 — 1,286 — 2,815
Total residential 53,928 125,045 185,407 350,928 143,387 114,007 6,834 979,536
YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — — — —
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) — — — — — (1 ) — (1 )
Total real estate loans
Payment performance
Performing 393,218 651,475 720,135 1,257,407 926,687 879,422 100,794 4,929,138
Nonperforming — — — 21,638 — 4,411 — 26,049
Total real estate loans 393,218 651,475 720,135 1,279,045 926,687 883,833 100,794 4,955,187
YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — 169 — 169
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) (1 ) — — (274 ) — 20 — (255 )
Commercial and industrial loans:
Payment performance
Performing 138,971 211,289 48,519 85,154 31,601 23,231 314,381 853,146
Nonperforming — 131 — 118 — — 1,011 1,260
Total commercial and industrial loans 138,971 211,420 48,519 85,272 31,601 23,231 315,392 854,406
YTD gross charge-offs — — — 88 — 134 — 222
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) — — (5 ) 80 — 111 — 186
Equipment financing agreements:
Payment performance
Performing 47,857 126,273 128,890 111,166 42,505 7,644 — 464,335
Nonperforming — 271 2,155 3,914 1,681 240 — 8,261
Total equipment financing agreements 47,857 126,544 131,045 115,080 44,186 7,884 — 472,596
YTD gross charge-offs — 220 760 1,234 506 78 — 2,798
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) — 220 604 927 275 (9 ) (2 ) 2,015
Total loans receivable:
Payment performance
Performing 580,046 989,037 897,544 1,453,727 1,000,793 910,297 415,175 6,246,619
Nonperforming — 402 2,155 25,670 1,681 4,651 1,011 35,570
Total loans receivable $ 580,046 $ 989,439 $ 899,699 $ 1,479,397 $ 1,002,474 $ 914,948 $ 416,186 $ 6,282,189
YTD gross charge-offs — 220 760 1,322 506 381 — 3,189
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) (1 ) 220 599 733 275 122 (2 ) 1,946
  • (1)
Term Loans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year (1)
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving<br>Loans<br>Amortized<br>Cost Basis Total
December 31, 2024
Real estate loans:
Commercial property
Payment performance
Performing $ 564,465 $ 558,271 $ 936,140 $ 804,089 $ 553,562 $ 351,042 $ 101,277 $ 3,868,846
Nonperforming — — 717 — — 1,461 — 2,178
Total commercial property 564,465 558,271 936,857 804,089 553,562 352,503 101,277 3,871,024
YTD gross charge-offs — — 274 — — 136 — 410
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) — — 274 — (21 ) (704 ) — (451 )
Construction
Payment performance
Performing 70,601 7,997 — — — — — 78,598
Nonperforming — — — — — — — —
Total construction 70,601 7,997 — — — — — 78,598
YTD gross charge-offs — — — — 1,133 — — 1,133
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) — — — — 1,132 (1,358 ) — (226 )
Residential
Payment performance
Performing 127,986 200,316 354,562 145,310 11,164 105,406 4,687 949,431
Nonperforming — — 1,555 — 316 — — 1,871
Total residential 127,986 200,316 356,117 145,310 11,480 105,406 4,687 951,302
YTD gross charge-offs — — — — — — — —
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) — — — — — (3 ) — (3 )
Total real estate loans
Payment performance
Performing 763,052 766,584 1,290,702 949,399 564,726 456,448 105,964 4,896,875
Nonperforming — — 2,272 — 316 1,461 — 4,049
Total real estate loans 763,052 766,584 1,292,974 949,399 565,042 457,909 105,964 4,900,924
YTD gross charge-offs — — 274 — 1,133 136 — 1,543
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) — — 274 — 1,111 (2,065 ) — (680 )
Commercial and industrial loans:
Payment performance
Performing 291,128 59,453 106,863 32,328 12,761 13,498 346,001 862,032
Nonperforming — (5 ) 119 — — 97 1,188 1,399
Total commercial and industrial loans 291,128 59,448 106,982 32,328 12,761 13,595 347,189 863,431
YTD gross charge-offs 19 169 168 — 11 207 2 576
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) 19 169 160 (13 ) 11 123 (3,375 ) (2,906 )
Equipment financing agreements:
Payment performance
Performing 140,143 144,617 129,442 52,354 8,079 3,563 — 478,198
Nonperforming 431 1,945 4,173 1,934 135 206 — 8,824
Total equipment financing agreements 140,574 146,562 133,615 54,288 8,214 3,769 — 487,022
YTD gross charge-offs 30 1,456 5,128 2,206 354 325 — 9,499
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) 30 1,299 4,488 1,826 287 (211 ) — 7,719
Total loans receivable:
Payment performance
Performing 1,194,323 970,654 1,527,007 1,034,081 585,566 473,509 451,965 6,237,105
Nonperforming 431 1,940 6,564 1,934 451 1,764 1,188 14,272
Total loans receivable $ 1,194,754 $ 972,594 $ 1,533,571 $ 1,036,015 $ 586,017 $ 475,273 $ 453,153 $ 6,251,377
YTD gross charge-offs 49 1,625 5,570 2,206 1,498 668 2 11,618
YTD net charge-offs (recoveries) 49 1,468 4,922 1,813 1,409 (2,153 ) (3,375 ) 4,133
  • (1)

The following is an aging analysis of loans, including loans on nonaccrual status, disaggregated by loan class, as of:

30-59<br>Days<br>Past Due 60-89<br>Days<br>Past Due 90 Days<br>or More<br>Past Due Total<br>Past Due Current Total
(in thousands)
March 31, 2025
Real estate loans:
Commercial property
Retail $ 1,647 $ — $ 83 $ 1,730 $ 1,107,367 $ 1,109,097
Hospitality 471 1,821 215 2,507 842,768 845,275
Office — 20,000 — 20,000 543,957 563,957
Other 657 — — 657 1,378,089 1,378,746
Total commercial property loans 2,775 21,821 298 24,894 3,872,181 3,897,075
Construction — — — — 78,576 78,576
Residential 5,192 — 1,238 6,430 973,106 979,536
Total real estate loans 7,967 21,821 1,536 31,324 4,923,863 4,955,187
Commercial and industrial loans 2,038 — 1,142 3,180 851,226 854,406
Equipment financing agreements 6,959 2,995 5,300 15,254 457,342 472,596
Total loans receivable $ 16,964 $ 24,816 $ 7,978 $ 49,758 $ 6,232,431 $ 6,282,189
December 31, 2024
Real estate loans:
Commercial property
Retail $ 975 $ 855 $ 254 $ 2,084 $ 1,066,894 $ 1,068,978
Hospitality 516 (50 ) 216 682 847,452 848,134
Office — 212 — 212 568,649 568,861
Other 1,288 — — 1,288 1,383,763 1,385,051
Total commercial property loans 2,779 1,017 470 4,266 3,866,758 3,871,024
Construction — — — — 78,598 78,598
Residential 5,129 2,975 980 9,084 942,218 951,302
Total real estate loans 7,908 3,992 1,450 13,350 4,887,574 4,900,924
Commercial and industrial loans 236 132 1,278 1,646 861,785 863,431
Equipment financing agreements 6,154 2,866 5,760 14,780 472,242 487,022
Total loans receivable $ 14,298 $ 6,990 $ 8,488 $ 29,776 $ 6,221,601 $ 6,251,377

Nonaccrual Loans and Nonperforming Assets

The following tables represent the amortized cost basis of loans on nonaccrual status and loans past due 90 days and still accruing as of:

March 31, 2025
Nonaccrual Loans<br>With<br>No Allowance for<br>Credit Losses Nonaccrual Loans<br>With<br>Allowance for<br>Credit Losses Loans<br>Past Due<br>90 Days Still<br>Accruing Total<br>Nonperforming<br>Loans
(in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Commercial property
Retail $ 576 $ 420 $ — $ 996
Hospitality 1,782 449 — 2,231
Office — 20,000 — 20,000
Other — 7 — 7
Total commercial property loans 2,358 20,876 — 23,234
Construction — — — —
Residential 2,815 — — 2,815
Total real estate loans 5,173 20,876 — 26,049
Commercial and industrial loans — 1,260 — 1,260
Equipment financing agreements 404 7,745 112 8,261
Total $ 5,577 $ 29,881 $ 112 $ 35,570
December 31, 2024
Nonaccrual Loans<br>With<br>No Allowance for<br>Credit Losses Nonaccrual Loans<br>With<br>Allowance for<br>Credit Losses Loans<br>Past Due<br>90 Days Still<br>Accruing Total<br>Nonperforming<br>Loans
(in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Commercial property
Retail $ 1,480 $ 277 $ — $ 1,757
Hospitality 165 249 — 414
Other — 7 — 7
Total commercial property loans 1,645 533 — 2,178
Residential 1,871 — — 1,871
Total real estate loans 3,516 533 — 4,049
Commercial and industrial loans — 1,399 — 1,399
Equipment financing agreements 513 8,311 — 8,824
Total $ 4,029 $ 10,243 $ — $ 14,272

The Company recognized $9,000 of interest income on nonaccrual loans for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The following table details nonperforming assets as of the dates indicated:

December 31, 2024
Nonaccrual loans 35,458 $ 14,272
Loans receivable 90 days or more past due and still accruing 112 —
Total nonperforming loans receivable 35,570 14,272
Other real estate owned (“OREO”) 117 117
Total nonperforming assets* 35,687 $ 14,389
* Excludes repossessed personal property of 0.7 million and 0.6 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

All values are in US Dollars.

OREO of $0.1 million is included in prepaid expenses and other assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

Loan Modifications

The following table presents loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, by type of modification, with related amortized cost balances, respective percentage shares of the total class of loans, and the related financial effect, as of the periods indicated:

Term Extension
Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Loans Financial Effect
(in thousands)
March 31, 2025
Commercial and industrial loans $ 22,863 2.7 % One loan with term extension of six years; one loan with term extension of six months
Interest Only/Principal Deferment
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Loans Financial Effect
(in thousands)
March 31, 2025
Commercial property loans: Retail $ 13,531 1.2 % Two loans with three month principal and interest deferral
Commercial and industrial loans 19,748 2.3 % One loan with six month interest only; one loan with 12 month interest only

The table above includes two retail commercial loans with an amortized cost of $13.5 million that were modified during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Term Extension
Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Loans Financial Effect
(in thousands)
December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial loans $ 24,474 2.8 % One loan with term extension of six years; one loan with term extension of six months
Interest Only/Principal Deferment
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Loans Financial Effect
(in thousands)
December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial loans $ 19,748 2.3 % One loan with six month interest only; one loan with 12 month interest only

No loans were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, there were no payment defaults on loans modified within the preceding 12 months.

Note 4 — Servicing Assets

The activity in servicing assets was as follows for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2025 2024
(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period $ 6,457 $ 7,070
Addition related to sale of loans 657 514
Amortization (692 ) (694 )
Balance at end of period $ 6,422 $ 6,890

At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, we serviced loans sold to unaffiliated parties of $525.4 million and $560.1 million, respectively. These represented loans that were sold for which the Bank continues to provide servicing. These loans are maintained off-balance sheet and are not included in the loans receivable balance. At March 31, 2025, all the loans serviced were SBA loans, except for $35.8 million of residential mortgage loans.

The Company recorded servicing fee income of $1.3 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Servicing fee income, net of the amortization of servicing assets, is included in other operating income in the consolidated statements of income. Amortization expense was $0.7 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

The fair value of servicing rights was $8.2 million at March 31, 2025 and was determined using discount rates ranging from 9.9% to 17.7% and prepayment speeds ranging from 10.0% to 27.3%, depending on the stratification of the specific right. The fair value of servicing rights was $7.9 million at December 31, 2024 and was determined using discount rates ranging from 10.8% to 27.3% and prepayment speeds ranging from 15.4% to 21.2%, depending on the stratification of the specific right.

Note 5 — Income Taxes

The Company’s income tax expense was $7.4 million and $6.6 million, representing an effective income tax rate of 29.6% and 30.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Management concluded that as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, a valuation allowance of $1.5 million was appropriate against certain state net operating loss carry forwards. For all other deferred tax assets, management believes it was more likely than not these deferred tax assets will be realized principally through future taxable income and reversal of existing taxable temporary differences. Net deferred tax assets were $38.1 million and $38.2 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company was subject to examination for its federal tax returns for years ending after December 31, 2020 and for state tax returns for the periods ended after December 31, 2019. As of March 31, 2025, the Company is under audit with the state of California for tax years 2020 and 2021. During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, there was no material change to the Company’s uncertain tax positions. The Company does not expect its unrecognized tax positions to change significantly over the next twelve months.

Note 6 — Goodwill

Goodwill of $11.0 million was recorded as a result of the acquisition of an equipment financing agreements portfolio in 2016.

March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Amortization<br>Period Gross<br>Carrying<br>Amount Accumulated<br>Amortization Net<br>Carrying<br>Amount Gross<br>Carrying<br>Amount Accumulated<br>Amortization Net<br>Carrying<br>Amount
(in thousands)
Goodwill N/A 11,031 — 11,031 11,031 — 11,031
Total intangible assets $ 11,031 $ — $ 11,031 $ 11,031 $ — $ 11,031

The Company performed an impairment analysis in the first quarter of 2025 and determined there was no impairment as of March 31, 2025. No triggering event occurred as of, or subsequent to March 31, 2025, that would require a reassessment of goodwill.

Note 7 — Deposits

The scheduled maturities of time deposits are as follows for the periods indicated:

TimeDeposits MoreThan 250,000 Other Time<br>Deposits Total
(in thousands)
At March 31, 2025
2025 $ 988,417 $ 1,893,528
2026 235,674 439,872
2027 54,479 54,479
2028 9,941 9,941
2029 and thereafter 257 257
Total $ 1,288,768 $ 2,398,077
At December 31, 2024
2025 $ 1,254,185 $ 2,256,970
2026 19,112 19,376
2027 48,630 48,630
2028 130 130
2029 and thereafter 177 177
Total $ 1,322,234 $ 2,325,283

All values are in US Dollars.

Accrued interest payable on deposits was $29.7 million and $34.8 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Total deposits reclassified to loans due to overdrafts at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were $1.8 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

Note 8 — Borrowings and Subordinated Debentures

At March 31, 2025, the Bank had $80.0 million of open advances and $37.5 million of term advances at the FHLB with a weighted average interest rate of 4.65% and 4.58%, respectively. At December 31, 2024, the Bank had $225.0 million of open advances and $37.5 million of term advances at the FHLB with a weighted average rate of 4.78% and 4.58%, respectively. Interest expense on borrowings for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was $2.0 million and $1.7 million, respectively.

March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Outstanding<br>Balance Weighted<br>Average Rate Outstanding<br>Balance Weighted<br>Average Rate
(dollars in thousands)
Open advances $ 80,000 4.65 % $ 225,000 4.78 %
Advances due within 12 months 25,000 4.44 — —
Advances due over 12 months through 24 months 12,500 4.85 37,500 4.58
Outstanding advances $ 117,500 4.63 % $ 262,500 4.75 %

The following is financial data pertaining to FHLB advances:

March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Weighted-average interest rate at end of period 4.63 % 4.75 %
Weighted-average interest rate during the period 4.57 % 4.37 %
Average balance of FHLB advances $ 179,444 $ 154,112
Maximum amount outstanding at any month-end $ 232,500 $ 350,000

The Bank maintains a secured credit facility with the FHLB, allowing the Bank to borrow on an overnight, open (no maturity) and a term basis. The Bank had pledged $2.44 billion and $2.46 billion of loans at carrying values as collateral with the FHLB as of

March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The remaining available borrowing capacity was $1.43 billion and $1.69 billion at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The Bank also had securities pledged with the FRB with market values of $28.9 million and $29.4 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The pledged securities provided $27.0 million, and $27.6 million in available borrowing capacity through the Fed Discount Window as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

On August 20, 2021, the Company issued $110.0 million of Fixed-to-Floating Subordinated Notes (“2031 Notes”) with a maturity date of September 1, 2031. The 2031 Notes have an initial fixed interest rate of 3.75% per annum, payable semiannually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year, up to but excluding September 1, 2026. From and including September 1, 2026 and thereafter, the 2031 Notes will bear interest at a floating rate per annum equal to the Three-Month Term SOFR plus 310 basis points, payable quarterly in arrears on March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year. If the then current three-month term SOFR rate is less than zero, the three-month SOFR will be deemed to be zero. Debt issuance cost was $2.1 million, which is being amortized through the 2031 Notes’ maturity date. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the balance of the 2031 Notes included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet, net of issuance cost, was $108.6 million and $108.5 million, respectively.

The Company assumed Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures (“Subordinated Debentures”) as a result of an acquisition in 2014 with an unpaid principal balance of $26.8 million and an estimated fair value of $18.5 million. The $8.3 million discount is being amortized to interest expense through the debentures’ maturity date of March 15, 2036. A trust was formed in 2005 which issued $26.0 million of Trust Preferred Securities (“TPS”) at a 6.26% fixed rate for the first five years and a variable rate of three-month LIBOR plus 140 basis points thereafter and invested the proceeds in the Subordinated Debentures. Beginning September 15, 2023, the variable rate on the TPS changed to three-month SOFR plus 166 basis points, representing the credit spread of 140 basis points and a 26 basis point adjustment to convert three-month LIBOR to three-month SOFR. The rate on the TPS at March 31, 2025 was 5.96%. The TPS will be subject to mandatory redemption if the Subordinated Debentures are repaid by the Company. Interest is payable quarterly, and the Company has the option to defer interest payments on the Subordinated Debentures from time to time for a period not to exceed five consecutive years. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the balance of Subordinated Debentures included in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of discount of $4.6 million and $4.7 million, was $22.2 million and $22.1 million, respectively. The amortization of discount was $112,000 and $106,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Note 9 — Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated on both a basic and a diluted basis. Basic EPS excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted from the issuance of common stock that then shared in earnings, excluding common shares in treasury. For diluted EPS, the weighted-average number of common shares includes the impact of unvested performance stock units (“PSUs”) under the treasury method.

Unvested restricted stock containing rights to non-forfeitable dividends are considered participating securities prior to vesting and have been included in the earnings allocation in computing basic and diluted EPS under the two-class method.

The following table is a reconciliation of the components used to derive basic and diluted EPS for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2025 2024
(dollars in thousands, except per share and unit amounts)
Basic EPS
Net income $ 17,672 $ 15,164
Less: income allocated to unvested restricted stock 148 92
Income allocated to common shares $ 17,524 $ 15,072
Weighted-average shares for basic EPS 29,937,660 30,119,646
Basic EPS (1) $ 0.59 $ 0.50
Effect of dilutive PSUs 120,588 —
Diluted EPS
Income allocated to common shares $ 17,524 $ 15,072
Weighted-average shares for diluted EPS 30,058,248 30,119,646
Diluted EPS (1) $ 0.58 $ 0.50
  • (1)

On a weighted-average basis, options to purchase 3,000 and 61,000 shares of common stock were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. There were no anti-dilutive unvested PSUs outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 91,732 anti-dilutive unvested PSUs outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, 52,526 PSUs were awarded to executive officers from the 2021 Equity Compensation Plan, with a fair value of $1.2 million on the grant date of March 26, 2025. These units have a three-year cliff vesting period and include dividend equivalent rights. No PSUs were awarded to executive officers during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Total PSUs outstanding as of March 31, 2025 were 194,820 with an aggregate grant fair value of $3.6 million. Total PSUs outstanding as of March 31, 2024 were 91,732 with an aggregate grant fair value of $2.1 million.

Note 10 — Regulatory Matters

Federal bank regulatory agencies require bank holding companies and banks to maintain a minimum ratio of qualifying total capital to risk-weighted assets of 8.0% and a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 6.0%. In addition to the risk-based guidelines, federal bank regulatory agencies require bank holding companies and banks to maintain a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to average assets, referred to as the leverage ratio, of 4.0%.

In order for banks to be considered “well capitalized,” federal bank regulatory agencies require a minimum ratio of qualifying total capital to risk-weighted assets of 10.0% and a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of 8.0%. In addition to the risk-based guidelines, federal bank regulatory agencies require depository institutions to maintain a minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to average assets, referred to as the leverage ratio, of 5.0%.

At March 31, 2025, the Bank’s capital ratios exceeded the minimum requirements for the Bank to be considered “well capitalized” and the Company exceeded all of its applicable minimum regulatory capital ratio requirements.

A capital conservation buffer of 2.5% must be met to avoid limitations on the ability of the Bank and the Company to pay dividends, repurchase shares or pay discretionary bonuses. The Bank's capital conservation buffer was 6.47% and 6.43% and the Company's capital conservation buffer was 6.46% and 6.46% as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

In March 2020, federal banking agencies announced an interim final rule to delay the impact on regulatory capital arising from the implementation of the Current Expected Credit Loss ("CECL") methodology contained in ASU 2016-13. The interim final rule maintains the three-year transition option in the previous rule and provides banks the option to delay for two years an estimate of CECL’s effect on regulatory capital, relative to the incurred loss methodology’s effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period (five-year transition option). The Company and the Bank adopted the capital transition relief over the permissible five-year period. Effective January 1, 2025, the capital transition relief period terminated.

The capital ratios of Hanmi Financial and the Bank as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows:

Minimum Minimum to Be
Regulatory Categorized as
Actual Requirement “Well Capitalized”
Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
(dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2025
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets):
Hanmi Financial $ 994,327 15.28 % $ 520,255 8.00 % N/A N/A
Hanmi Bank $ 941,548 14.47 % $ 520,218 8.00 % $ 650,273 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets):
Hanmi Financial $ 810,836 12.46 % $ 390,191 6.00 % N/A N/A
Hanmi Bank $ 868,057 13.34 % $ 390,164 6.00 % $ 520,218 8.00 %
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Hanmi Financial $ 788,625 12.12 % $ 292,643 4.50 % N/A N/A
Hanmi Bank $ 868,057 13.34 % $ 292,623 4.50 % $ 422,677 6.50 %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets):
Hanmi Financial $ 810,836 10.67 % $ 303,867 4.00 % N/A N/A
Hanmi Bank $ 868,057 11.49 % $ 302,158 4.00 % $ 377,697 5.00 %
December 31, 2024
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets):
Hanmi Financial $ 979,843 15.24 % $ 514,455 8.00 % N/A N/A
Hanmi Bank $ 927,882 14.43 % $ 514,406 8.00 % $ 643,007 10.00 %
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets):
Hanmi Financial $ 801,040 12.46 % $ 385,841 6.00 % N/A N/A
Hanmi Bank $ 859,079 13.36 % $ 385,804 6.00 % $ 514,406 8.00 %
Common equity Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
Hanmi Financial $ 778,941 12.11 % $ 289,381 4.50 % N/A N/A
Hanmi Bank $ 859,079 13.36 % $ 289,353 4.50 % $ 417,955 6.50 %
Tier 1 capital (to average assets):
Hanmi Financial $ 801,040 10.63 % $ 301,346 4.00 % N/A N/A
Hanmi Bank $ 859,079 11.47 % $ 299,771 4.00 % $ 374,714 5.00 %

Note 11 — Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value including a three-level valuation hierarchy, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The three-level fair value hierarchy requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value are defined as follows:

  • Level 1 - Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.
  • Level 2 - Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, and other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
  • Level 3 - Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a company’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

Fair value is used on a recurring basis for certain assets and liabilities in which fair value is the primary basis of accounting. Additionally, fair value is used on a non-recurring basis to evaluate assets or liabilities for impairment or for disclosure purposes.

We record securities available for sale at fair value on a recurring basis. Certain other assets, such as loans held for sale, impaired loans, OREO, and core deposit intangible, are recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis. Non-recurring fair value measurements typically involve assets that are periodically evaluated for impairment and for which any impairment is recorded in the period in which the re-measurement is performed.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument below:

Securities available for sale - The fair values of securities available for sale are determined by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges. If quoted prices are not available, fair values are measured using matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities, or other model-based valuation techniques requiring observable inputs other than quoted prices such as yield curve, prepayment speeds, and default rates. Level 1 securities include U.S. Treasury securities that are traded on an active exchange or by dealers or brokers in active over-the-counter markets. The fair value of these securities is determined by quoted prices on an active exchange or over-the-counter market. Level 2 securities primarily include U.S. government agency and sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and debt securities as well as municipal bonds in markets that are active. In determining the fair value of the securities categorized as Level 2, we obtain reports from nationally recognized broker-dealers detailing the fair value of each investment security held as of each reporting date. The broker-dealers use prices obtained from nationally recognized pricing services to value our fixed income securities. The fair value of the municipal securities is determined based on pricing data provided by nationally recognized pricing services. We review the prices obtained for reasonableness based on our understanding of the marketplace, and also consider any credit issues related to the bonds. As we have not made any adjustments to the market quotes provided to us and as they are based on observable market data, they have been categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Level 3 securities are instruments that are not traded in the market. As such, no observable market data for the instrument is available, which necessitates the use of significant unobservable inputs.

Derivatives – The fair values of derivatives are based on valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2). Our derivatives are traded in an over-the-counter market where quoted market prices are not always available. Therefore, the fair values of derivatives are determined using quantitative models that utilize multiple market inputs. The inputs will vary based on the type of derivative, but could include interest rates, prices and indices to generate continuous yield or pricing curves, prepayment rates, and volatility factors to value the position. The majority of market inputs are actively quoted and can be validated through external sources, including brokers, market transactions and third-party pricing services.

Loans held for sale - Loans held for sale includes the guaranteed portion of SBA 7(a) loans carried at the lower of cost or fair value. Management obtains quotes, bids or pricing indication sheets on all or part of the loans directly from the purchasing financial institutions. Premiums received or to be received on the quotes, bids or pricing indication sheets are indicative of the fact that cost is lower than fair value. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the SBA 7(a) loans held for sale were recorded at its cost. We record SBA 7(a) loans held for sale on a nonrecurring basis with Level 2 inputs.

Nonperforming loans – Nonaccrual loans receivable and loans 90-days past due and still accruing interest are considered nonperforming for reporting purposes. All nonperforming loans with a carrying balance over $250,000 are individually evaluated for the amount of impairment, if any. Nonperforming loans with a carrying balance of $250,000 or less are evaluated collectively. However, from time to time, nonrecurring fair value adjustments to collateral dependent nonperforming loans, for which repayment is expected to be obtained through the sale of the underlying collateral, are recorded based on either the current appraised value of the collateral, or management’s judgment, that are then adjusted based on recent market trends. When the fair value of the collateral is less than the book value, a valuation allowance is established to carry the loan at the fair value of the collateral, and results in a Level 3 measurement.

OREO - Fair value of OREO is based primarily on third party appraisals, less costs to sell and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Appraisals are required annually and may be updated more frequently as circumstances require and the fair value adjustments are made to OREO based on the updated appraised value of the property.

Servicing assets - On a quarterly basis, the Company utilizes a third party service to evaluate servicing assets related to loans sold to unaffiliated parties with servicing retained, and result in a Level 3 classification. Servicing assets are assessed for impairment or increased obligation based on fair value at each reporting date.

Other repossessed assets – Fair value of equipment from equipment financing agreements is based primarily on a third party valuation service, less costs to sell and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Valuations are required at the time the asset is repossessed and may be subsequently updated periodically due to the Company’s short-term possession of the asset prior to sale or as circumstances require and the fair value adjustments are made to the asset based on its value prior to sale.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows:

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Significant
Observable
Quoted Prices in Inputs with No
Active Markets Active Market Significant
for Identical with Identical Unobservable
Assets Characteristics Inputs Total Fair Value
(in thousands)
March 31, 2025
Assets:
Securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities $ 89,631 $ — $ — $ 89,631
U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations:
Mortgage-backed securities - residential — 387,838 — 387,838
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial — 62,552 — 62,552
Collateralized mortgage obligations — 188,529 — 188,529
Debt securities — 113,904 — 113,904
Total U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations — 752,823 — 752,823
Municipal bonds-tax exempt — 64,557 — 64,557
Total securities available for sale $ 89,631 $ 817,380 $ — $ 907,011
Derivative financial instruments $ — $ 3,725 $ — $ 3,725
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments $ — $ 3,878 $ — $ 3,878
December 31, 2024
Assets:
Securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities $ 88,929 $ — $ — $ 88,929
U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations:
Mortgage-backed securities - residential — 392,572 — 392,572
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial — 62,916 — 62,916
Collateralized mortgage obligations — 173,556 — 173,556
Debt securities — 122,816 — 122,816
Total U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations — 751,860 — 751,860
Municipal bonds-tax exempt — 65,009 — 65,009
Total securities available for sale $ 88,929 $ 816,869 $ — $ 905,798
Derivative financial instruments $ — $ 4,690 $ — $ 4,690
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments $ — $ 5,292 $ — $ 5,292

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are as follows:

Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Significant
Observable
Quoted Prices in Inputs With No
Active Markets Active Market Significant
for Identical With Identical Unobservable
Total Assets Characteristics Inputs
(in thousands)
March 31, 2025
Assets:
Collateral dependent loans (1) $ 19,240 $ — $ — $ 19,240
Other real estate owned 117 — — 117
Repossessed personal property 738 — — 738
December 31, 2024
Assets:
Collateral dependent loans (2) $ 3,467 $ — $ — $ 3,467
Other real estate owned 117 — — 117
Repossessed personal property 568 — — 568
  • (1)
  • (2)

The following table represents quantitative information about Level 3 fair value assumptions for assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Fair Value Valuation<br>Techniques Unobservable<br>Input(s) Range (Weighted<br>Average)
(in thousands)
March 31, 2025
Collateral dependent loans:
Real estate loans:
Commercial property
Retail $ 576 Market approach Adjustments to market data (45%) to 30% / (13)% (1)
Hospitality 2,029 Market approach Adjustments to market data (20)% to 20% / (3)% (1)
Office 13,816 Market approach Adjustments to market data (26)% to (4)% / (14)% (1)
Residential 2,819 Market approach Adjustments to market data (11) to 17% / (1)% (1)
Total real estate loans 19,240
Total $ 19,240
Other real estate owned $ 117 Market approach Adjustments to market data 0% to 10% / 3% (1)
Repossessed personal property 738 Market approach Adjustments to market data N/A (2)
December 31, 2024
Collateral dependent loans:
Real estate loans:
Commercial property
Retail $ 1,377 Market approach Adjustments to market data (45)% to 30% / (10)% (1)
Hospitality 215 Market approach Adjustments to market data (11)% to 17% / 5% (1)
Residential 1,875 Market approach Adjustments to market data (11)% to 8% / (2)% (1)
Total real estate loans 3,467
Total $ 3,467
Other real estate owned $ 117 Market approach Adjustments to market data 0% to 5% / 4% (1)
Repossessed personal property 568 Market approach Adjustments to market data N/A (2)

  • (1)

  • (2)

ASC 825, Financial Instruments, requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured on a recurring basis or non-recurring basis are discussed above.

The estimated fair value of financial instruments has been determined by using available market information and appropriate valuation methodologies. However, considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to develop estimates of fair value.

Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that we could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (Topic 825), among other provisions, requires public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes. Other than certain financial instruments for which we had concluded that the carrying amounts approximate fair value, the fair value estimates shown below were based on an exit price notion as of March 31, 2025, as required by ASU 2016-01. The financial instruments for which we had concluded that the carrying amounts approximate fair value include cash and due from banks, accrued interest receivable and payable, and noninterest-bearing deposits.

The estimated fair values of financial instruments were as follows:

March 31, 2025
Carrying Fair Value
Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(in thousands)
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks $ 329,003 $ 329,003 $ — $ —
Securities available for sale 907,011 89,631 817,380 —
Loans held for sale 11,831 — 12,749 —
Loans receivable, net of allowance for credit losses 6,211,592 — — 6,170,232
Accrued interest receivable 23,536 23,536 — —
Derivative financial instruments 3,725 — 3,725 —
Financial liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits 2,066,659 — 2,066,659 —
Interest-bearing deposits 4,552,816 — — 4,550,896
Borrowings and subordinated debentures 248,299 — 117,533 132,410
Accrued interest payable 29,646 29,646 — —
Derivative financial instruments 3,878 — 3,878 —
December 31, 2024
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Carrying Fair Value
Amount Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(in thousands)
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks $ 304,800 $ 304,800 $ — $ —
Securities available for sale 905,798 88,929 816,869 —
Loans held for sale 8,579 — 9,229 —
Loans receivable, net of allowance for credit losses 6,181,230 — — 6,078,567
Accrued interest receivable 22,937 22,937 — —
Financial liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits 2,096,634 — 2,096,634 —
Interest-bearing deposits 4,339,142 — — 4,336,429
Borrowings and subordinated debentures 393,138 — 262,183 129,226
Accrued interest payable 34,824 34,824 — —

The methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it was practicable to estimate that value are explained below:

Cash and due from banks – The carrying amounts of cash and due from banks approximate fair value due to the short-term nature of these instruments (Level 1).

Securities – The fair value of securities, consisting of securities available for sale, is generally obtained from market bids

for similar or identical securities, from independent securities brokers or dealers, or from other model-based valuation techniques described above (Level 1 and 2).

Loans held for sale – Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or fair market value, as determined based upon quotes, bids or sales contract prices (Levels 1 and 2).

Loans receivable, net of allowance for credit losses – The fair value of loans receivable is estimated based on the discounted cash flow approach. To estimate the fair value of the loans, certain loan characteristics such as account types, remaining terms, annual interest rates or coupons, interest types, past delinquencies, timing of principal and interest payments, current market rates, loan-to-value ratios, loss exposures, and remaining balances are considered. Additionally, the Company’s prior charge-off rates and loss ratios as well as various other assumptions relating to credit, interest, and prepayment risks are used as part of valuing the loan portfolio. Subsequently, the loans were individually evaluated by sorting and pooling them based on loan types, credit risk grades, and payment types. Consistent with the requirements of ASU 2016-01, the fair value of the Company's loans receivable is considered to be an exit price notion as of March 31, 2025 (Level 3).

The fair value of collateral dependent loans is estimated based on the net realizable fair value of the collateral or the observable market price of the most recent sale or quoted price from loans held for sale. The Company does not record loans at fair value on a recurring basis. Nonrecurring fair value adjustments to collateral dependent loans are recorded based on the current appraised value of the collateral (Level 3).

Accrued interest receivable – The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable approximates its fair value (Level 1).

Noninterest-bearing deposits – The fair value of noninterest-bearing deposits is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (Level 2).

Interest-bearing deposits – The fair value of interest-bearing deposits, such as savings accounts, money market checking, and certificates of deposit, is estimated based on discounted cash flows. The cash flows for non-maturity deposits, including savings accounts and money market checking, are estimated based on their historical decaying experiences. The discount rate used for fair valuation is based on interest rates currently being offered by the Bank on comparable deposits as to amount and term (Level 3).

Borrowings and subordinated debentures – Borrowings consist of FHLB advances, subordinated debentures and other borrowings. Discounted cash flows based on current market rates for borrowings with similar remaining maturities are used to estimate the fair value of borrowings (Level 2 and 3).

Accrued interest payable – The carrying amount of accrued interest payable approximates its fair value (Level 1).

Note 12 — Off-Balance Sheet Commitments

The Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk similar to the risk involved with on-balance sheet items.

The Bank’s exposure to losses in the event of non-performance by the other party to commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is represented by the contractual notional amount of those instruments. The Bank uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for extending loan facilities to customers. The Bank evaluates each customer’s creditworthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Bank upon an extension of credit, was based on management’s credit evaluation of the counterparty. Collateral held varies but may include accounts receivable, inventory, premises and equipment, and income-producing or borrower-occupied properties.

Some of the commitments to fund existing loans, lines of credit and letters of credit are expected to expire without being drawn upon. Therefore, the total commitments do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. As of March 31, 2025, the Bank was obligated on $150.0 million of letters of credit to the FHLB of San Francisco, which were being used as collateral for $150.0 million in public fund deposits from the State of California.

The following table shows the distribution of total loan commitments as of the dates indicated:

March 31, December 31,
2025 2024
(in thousands)
Unused commitments to extend credit $ 896,282 $ 782,291
Standby letters of credit 99,278 97,463
Commercial letters of credit 23,487 18,324
Total commitments $ 1,019,047 $ 898,078

The allowance for credit losses related to off-balance sheet items was maintained at a level believed to be sufficient to absorb current expected lifetime losses related to these unfunded credit facilities. The determination of the allowance adequacy was based on periodic evaluations of the unfunded credit facilities including an assessment of the probability of commitment usage, credit risk factors for loans outstanding to these same customers, and the terms and expiration dates of the unfunded credit facilities.

Activity in the allowance for credit losses related to off-balance sheet items was as follows for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2025 2024
(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period $ 2,074 $ 2,474
Credit loss expense (recovery) 325 (177 )
Balance at end of period $ 2,399 $ 2,297

Note 13 — Leases

The Company enters into leases in the normal course of business primarily for bank branch offices, back-office operations locations, business development offices, information technology data centers and information technology equipment. The Company’s leases have remaining terms ranging from one month to nine years, some of which include renewal or termination options to extend the lease for up to ten years.

The Company includes lease extension and termination options in the lease term if, after considering relevant economic factors, it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise the option. In addition, the Company has elected to account for any non-lease components in its real estate leases as part of the associated lease component. The Company has also elected not to recognize leases with original lease terms of 12 months or less (short-term leases) on the Company’s balance sheet.

Leases are classified as operating or finance leases at the lease commencement date. Lease expense for operating leases and short-term leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease.

Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of the lease payments over the lease term.

As of March 31, 2025, the outstanding balances for our right-of-use asset and lease liability were $36.3 million and $40.5 million, respectively. The outstanding balances of the right-of-use asset and lease liability were $35.6 million and $39.8 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2024. The right-of-use asset is reported in prepaid expenses and other assets line item and lease liability is reported in accrued expenses and other liabilities line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

In determining the discount rates, since most of our leases do not provide an implicit rate, we used our incremental borrowing rate provided by the FHLB of San Francisco based on the information available at the commencement date to calculate the present value of lease payments.

At March 31, 2025, future minimum rental commitments under these non-cancelable operating leases, with initial or remaining terms of one year or more, were as follows:

Amount
(in thousands)
2025 $ 6,473
2026 7,514
2027 7,298
2028 6,854
2029 6,171
Thereafter 10,602
Remaining lease commitments 44,912
Interest (4,426 )
Present value of lease liability $ 40,486

Net lease expense recognized and operating lease costs for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were $2.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively. Sublease income for operating leases was immaterial for both the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Weighted average remaining lease terms for the Company's operating leases were

6.11

years and

6.35

years as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Weighted average discount rates used for the Company's operating leases were 3.37% and 3.30% as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Cash paid and included in cash flows from operating activities for amounts used in the measurement of the lease liability of the Company's operating leases was $2.2 million for both the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Note 14 — Liquidity

Hanmi Financial

As of March 31, 2025, Hanmi Financial had $6.6 million in cash on deposit with its bank subsidiary and $42.9 million of U.S. Treasury securities at fair value. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had $11.4 million in cash on deposit with its bank subsidiary and $38.8 million of U.S. Treasury securities at fair value. Management believes that Hanmi Financial, on a stand-alone basis, had adequate liquid assets to meet its current debt obligations.

Hanmi Bank

The principal objective of our liquidity management program is to maintain the Bank’s ability to meet the day-to-day cash flow requirements of its customers who wish either to withdraw funds or to draw upon credit facilities to meet their cash needs. Management believes that the Bank, on a stand-alone basis, has adequate liquid assets to meet its current obligations. The Bank’s primary funding source will continue to be deposits originating from its branch platform. The Bank’s wholesale funds historically consisted of FHLB advances, brokered deposits, as well as State of California time deposits. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Bank had $117.5 million and $262.5 million of FHLB advances, and $76.0 million and $60.7 million of brokered deposits, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Bank had $150.0 million and $120.0 million of State of California time deposits, respectively.

We monitor the sources and uses of funds on a regular basis to maintain an acceptable liquidity position. The Bank’s primary source of borrowings is the FHLB, from which the Bank is eligible to borrow up to 30% of its assets. As of March 31, 2025 and

December 31, 2024, the total borrowing capacity available, based on pledged collateral was $1.70 billion and $1.69 billion, respectively. The remaining available borrowing capacity was $1.43 billion and $1.30 billion as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The amount that the FHLB is willing to advance differs based on the quality and character of qualifying collateral pledged by the Bank, and the FHLB may adjust the advance rates for qualifying collateral upwards or downwards from time to time. To the extent deposit renewals and deposit growth are not sufficient to fund maturing and withdrawable deposits, repay maturing borrowings, fund existing and future loans, equipment financing agreements and securities, and otherwise fund working capital needs and capital expenditures, the Bank may utilize the remaining borrowing capacity from its FHLB borrowing arrangement.

As a means of augmenting its liquidity, the Bank also had an available borrowing source of $27.0 million from the Federal Reserve Discount Window, to which the Bank pledged securities with a carrying value of $28.9 million, with no borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2025. At December 31, 2024, the available borrowing capacity through the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Discount Window was $27.6 million on pledged securities with market values of $29.4 million, with no borrowings outstanding. The Bank also maintains a line of credit for repurchase agreements up to $100.0 million. The Bank also had three unsecured federal funds lines of credit totaling $140.0 million with no outstanding balances as of March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Note 15 — Derivatives and Hedging Activities

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivative

The Company is exposed to certain risks arising from both its business operations and economic conditions. The Company principally manages its exposures to a wide variety of business and operational risks through management of its core business activities. The Company manages economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of its assets and liabilities and through the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, the Company enters into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures that arise from business activities that result in the receipt or payment of future known and uncertain cash amounts, the value of which are determined by interest rates.

Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments - Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

The Company’s objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest income and to manage its exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, the Company primarily uses interest rate swaps as part of its interest rate risk management strategy. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of fixed-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making variable-rate payments over the life of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. Such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing variable-rate assets. During the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company entered into a $100.0 million notional interest rate swap designated as a cash flow hedge, with an effective date of May 1, 2024 and a maturity date of May 1, 2026, to hedge a pool of Prime-indexed loans against falling rates. The principal balance of the loan pool designated for the Prime-indexed loans was $130.0 million as of March 31, 2025. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company entered into a $75.0 million notional interest rate swap designated as a cash flow hedge, with an effective date of May 1, 2024 and a maturity date of May 1, 2026, to hedge a pool of one-month SOFR-indexed loans against falling rates. The principal balance of the loan pool designated for the SOFR-indexed loans was $101.9 million as of March 31, 2025.

For derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk, the gain or loss on the derivative is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into interest income in the same period(s) during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Management evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s derivatives designated as cash flow hedges at inception and at the balance sheet date and determined they are effective. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest income as interest payments are received on the Company’s variable-rate asset. During the next 12 months, the Company estimates that an additional $0.1 million will be reclassified as a decrease to interest income.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

The Company also enters into interest rate swap agreements between the Company and its customers and other third-party counterparties. The Company enters into “back to back swap” arrangements whereby the Company executes interest rate swap agreements with its customers and acquires an offsetting swap position from a third-party counterparty. These derivative financial statements are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.

The table below presents the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

As of March 31, 2025 Derivative Assets Derivative Liabilities
Notional Amount Balance Sheet Location Fair Value Notional Amount Balance Sheet Location Fair Value
(in thousands)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate products $ 101,198 Other Assets $ 3,725 $ 101,198 Other Liabilities $ 3,700
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 3,725 $ 3,700
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate products $ — Other Assets $ — $ 175,000 Other Liabilities $ 178
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ — $ 178
As of December 31, 2024 Derivative Assets Derivative Liabilities
Notional Amount Balance Sheet Location Fair Value Notional Amount Balance Sheet Location Fair Value
(in thousands)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate products $ 101,892 Other Assets $ 4,690 $ 101,892 Other Liabilities $ 4,650
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments $ 4,690 $ 4,650
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate products $ — Other Assets $ — $ 175,000 Other Liabilities $ 642
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments $ — $ 642

The table below presents the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
Derivatives in Subtopic 815-20 Hedging Relationships Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative Amount of Gain or (Loss)<br>Recognized in OCI Included<br>Component Amount of Gain or (Loss)<br>Recognized in OCI Excluded<br>Component Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income Included Component Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income Excluded Component
(in thousands)
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Interest Rate Products $ 191 $ 191 $ — Interest Income $ (245 ) $ (245 ) $ —
Total $ 191 $ 191 $ — $ (245 ) $ (245 ) $ —
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Derivatives in Subtopic 815-20 Hedging Relationships Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in OCI on Derivative Amount of Gain or (Loss)<br>Recognized in OCI Included<br>Component Amount of Gain or (Loss)<br>Recognized in OCI Excluded<br>Component Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income into Income Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income Included Component Amount of Gain or (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income Excluded Component
(in thousands)
Derivatives in Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
Interest Rate Products $ (2,207 ) $ (2,207 ) $ — Interest Income $ — $ — $ —
Total $ (2,207 ) $ (2,207 ) $ — $ — $ — $ —

The table below presents the effect of cash flow hedge accounting on the Income Statement for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Location and Amount of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow Hedging Relationship
Three Months Ended
March 31,
2025 2024
Interest Income Interest Expense Interest Income Interest Expense
(in thousands)
Gain or (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships in Subtopic 815-20
Interest contracts
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into income $ (245 ) $ — $ — $ —
Amount of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into income - included component (245 ) — — —

The table below presents the effect of the Company’s derivative financial instruments that are not designated as hedging instruments on the Income Statement for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging<br>Instruments under Subtopic 815-20 Location of Gain or (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivative Amount of Gain or (Loss)<br>Recognized in Income on Derivative
Three Months Ended March 31,
2025 2024
(in thousands)
Interest rate products Other income $ (15 ) $ 23
Total $ (15 ) $ 23

No fee income was recognized from its derivative financial instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2025 or 2024.

The table below presents a gross presentation, the effects of offsetting, and a net presentation of the Company’s derivatives as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The net amounts of derivative assets or liabilities can be reconciled to the tabular disclosure of fair value. The derivative assets are located within the prepaid and other assets line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the derivative liabilities are located within the accrued expenses and other liabilities line item on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Offsetting of Derivative Assets
As of March 31, 2025
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts of Assets presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received Net Amount
(in thousands)
Derivatives $ 3,725 $ — $ 3,725 $ 338 $ 3,230 $ 157
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities
As of March 31, 2025
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts of Liabilities presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Provided Net Amount
(in thousands)
Derivatives $ 3,878 $ — $ 3,878 $ 338 $ — $ 3,540
Offsetting of Derivative Assets
As of December 31, 2024
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts of Assets presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Received Net Amount
(in thousands)
Derivatives $ 4,690 $ — $ 4,690 $ 642 $ 4,048 $ —
Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities
As of December 31, 2024
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets
Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities Gross Amounts Offset in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Net Amounts of Liabilities presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Financial Instruments Cash Collateral Provided Net Amount
(in thousands)
Derivatives $ 5,292 $ — $ 5,292 $ 642 $ — $ 4,650

The Company has agreements with each of its derivative counterparties that contain a provision stating if the Company either defaults or is capable of being declared in default on any of its indebtedness, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations. In addition, these agreements may also require the Company to post additional collateral should it fail to maintain its status as a well- or adequately- capitalized institution.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of derivatives in a net liability position, which includes accrued interest but excludes any adjustment for nonperformance risk, related to these agreements was $0. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, no collateral was provided related to these agreements.

Note 16 — Segment Reporting

The Company has one reportable segment, Banking, as determined by the Chief Financial Officer, who is designated the chief operating decision maker, based upon information provided about the Company's products and services offered, which are primarily banking operations. The Banking segment is also distinguished by the level of information provided to the chief operating decision maker, who uses such information to review performance of various components of the business. The chief operating decision maker uses net interest income, net interest margin, non-interest income, non-interest expense, credit loss expense, and net income to assess performance and in the determination of allocating resources. These metrics, coupled with monitoring of budget to actual results, are used in assessment performance and in establishing compensation. Loans, investments, and deposits provide the revenues in our banking operations. Interest expense, provisions for credit losses, and salaries and benefits provide the significant expenses in our banking operations.

The following table presents information reported internally for performance assessment by the chief operating decision maker for the following periods:

Banking Segment
Quarter Ended March 31,
2025 2024
(in thousands)
Net interest income $ 55,092 $ 50,655
Noninterest income 7,726 7,733
Segment revenues 62,818 58,388
Other revenues — —
Total consolidated revenues 62,818 58,388
Less:
Credit loss expense 2,721 227
Noninterest expenses 34,984 36,445
Income tax expense 7,441 6,552
Segment net income 17,672 15,164
Reconciliation of profit:
Adjustments and reconciling items — —
Consolidated net income 17,672 15,164
Segment assets 7,729,035 7,512,046
Other assets — —
Consolidated assets $ 7,729,035 $ 7,512,046

Note 17 — Subsequent Events

Cash Dividend

On April 24, 2025, the Company announced that the Board of Directors of the Company declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.27 per share to be paid on May 21, 2025 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on May 5, 2025.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is management’s discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2025. This analysis should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (the “2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K”) and with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2025 (this “Report”).

Forward-Looking Statements

Some of the statements contained in this Report are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements in this Report other than statements of historical fact are “forward–looking statements” for purposes of federal and state securities laws, including, but not limited to, statements about anticipated future operating and financial performance, financial condition and liquidity, business strategies, regulatory and competitive outlook, investment and expenditure plans, capital and financing needs and availability, plans and objectives of management for future operations, developments regarding our capital and strategic plans and other similar forecasts and statements of expectation and statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expects,” “plans,” “intends,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” or “continue,” or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.

Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, financial condition, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These factors include the following:

  • a failure to maintain adequate levels of capital and liquidity to support our operations;

  • general economic and business conditions internationally, nationally and in those areas in which we operate, including potential recessionary conditions;

  • volatility and deterioration in the credit and equity markets;

  • changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;

  • availability of capital from private and government sources;

  • demographic changes;

  • competition for loans and deposits and failure to attract or retain loans and deposits;

  • inflation and fluctuations in interest rates that reduce our margins and yields, the fair value of financial instruments, the level of loan originations or prepayments on loans we have made and make, the level of loan sales and the cost we pay to retain and attract deposits and secure other types of funding;

  • our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;

  • the current or anticipated impact of military conflict, terrorism or other geopolitical events;

  • the effect of potential future supervisory action against us or Hanmi Bank and our ability to address any issues raised in our regulatory exams;

  • risks of natural disasters;

  • legal proceedings and litigation brought against us;

  • a failure in or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, including cyberattacks;

  • the failure to maintain current technologies;

  • risks associated with Small Business Administration loans;

  • failure to attract or retain key employees;

  • our ability to access cost-effective funding;

  • the imposition of tariffs or other domestic or international governmental policies;

  • changes in liquidity, including the size and composition of our deposit portfolio and the percentage of uninsured deposits in the portfolio;

  • fluctuations in real estate values;

  • changes in accounting policies and practices;

  • changes in governmental regulation, including, but not limited to, any increase in FDIC insurance premiums and changes in the monetary policies of the U.S. Treasury and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System;

  • the ability of Hanmi Bank to make distributions to Hanmi Financial Corporation, which is restricted by certain factors, including Hanmi Bank’s retained earnings, net income, prior distributions made, and certain other financial considerations;

  • strategic transactions we may enter into;

  • the adequacy of and changes in the methodology for computing our allowance for credit losses;

  • our credit quality and the effect of credit quality on our credit losses expense and allowance for credit losses;

  • changes in the financial performance and/or condition of our borrowers and the ability of our borrowers to perform under the terms of their loans and other terms of credit agreements;

  • our ability to control expenses; and

  • cyber security and fraud risks against our information technology and those of our third-party providers and vendors.

For additional information concerning risks we face, see “Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Report and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in Part I of the 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We undertake no obligation to update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date on which such statements were made, except as required by law.

Critical Accounting Policies

We have established various accounting policies that govern the application of GAAP in the preparation of our financial statements. Our significant accounting policies are described in the Notes to the consolidated financial statements in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We had no significant changes in what constituted our accounting policies since the filing of our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Certain accounting policies require us to make significant estimates and assumptions that have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities, and we consider these to be critical accounting policies. For a description of these critical accounting policies, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Critical Accounting Policies” in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates and assumptions, which could have a material impact on the carrying value of assets and liabilities at the balance sheet dates and our results of operations for the reporting periods. Management has discussed the development and selection of these critical accounting policies with the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors.

We adopted the CECL methodology, as detailed in ASU 2016-13, on January 1, 2020. Effective January 1, 2025 we changed our ACL methodology. We have transitioned certain qualitative factors considered prior to January 1, 2025, to quantitative factors. The transition from qualitative factors to quantitative factors was based upon the availability of certain data relative to the ACL model previously used. Qualitative factors transitioned to quantitative factors effective January 1, 2025 included market and industry specific data, trends relating to credit quality, delinquency, and nonperforming and adversely rated loans.

In addition, the Company previously used a Probability of Default /Loss Given Default (PD/LGD) methodology to determine the allowance for credit losses. Following a periodic review of its credit loss estimation process, the Company concluded that a historical loss rate approach, adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts, more appropriately reflects the expected credit losses for its loan portfolio. This change is considered a change in accounting estimate resulting from a change in methodology and assumptions, and is accounted for prospectively in accordance with ASC 250-10-45-17 through 45-18.

The change in methodology did not have a material impact to the Company’s operating results and financial condition. The provision for credit losses for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 reflects this change in estimate.

Allowance for credit losses and Allowance for credit losses related to off-balance sheet items

Our allowance for credit losses incorporates a variety of risk considerations, both quantitative and qualitative, that management believes is appropriate to estimate lifetime credit losses at each reporting date. Quantitative factors include the general economic forecast in our markets, risk ratings, delinquency trends, collateral values, changes in nonperforming loans, and other factors.

We use qualitative factors to adjust the allowance calculation for risks not considered by the quantitative calculations. Qualitative factors considered in our methodologies include, concentrations of credit, changes in lending management and staff, and quality of the loan review system.

The Company reviews baseline and alternative economic scenarios from Moody’s (previously known as Moody’s Analytics, a subsidiary of Moody’s Corporation) for consideration in the quantitative portion of our analysis of the allowance for credit losses. Moody’s publishes a baseline forecast that represents the estimate of the most likely path for the United States economy through the current business cycle (50% probability that economic conditions will be worse and 50% probability that economic conditions will be better) as well as alternative scenarios to examine how different types of shocks will affect the future performance of the United States economy.

The Company utilizes a midpoint approach of multiple forward-looking scenarios to incorporate losses from a baseline, upside (stronger near-term growth) and downside (slower near-term growth) economy. As a result, the upside and downside scenarios each receive a weight of 30%, and the baseline receives a weight of 40%.

Certain quantitative and qualitative factors used to estimate credit losses and establish an allowance for credit losses are subject to uncertainty. The adequacy of our allowance for credit losses is sensitive to changes in current and forecasted economic conditions that may affect the ability of borrowers to make contractual payments as well as the value of the collateral securing such payments.

Although management believes it uses the best information available to establish the allowance for credit losses, future adjustments to the allowance for credit losses may be necessary and the Company’s results of operations could be adversely affected if circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the determinations.

In addition, because future events affecting borrowers and collateral cannot be predicted without uncertainty, the existing allowance for credit losses may not be adequate or increases may be necessary should the quality of any loans deteriorate as a result of the factors discussed. Any material increase in the allowance for credit losses would adversely impact the Company's financial condition and results of operations.

Allowance Attribution Analysis

Allowance for credit losses
(in thousands)
December 31, 2024 $ 70,147
Effect of change in ACL model $ (1,430 )
Charge-offs (3,189 )
Recoveries 1,243
Provision (recovery) attributed to qualitative considerations (3,018 )
Provision (recovery) attributed to quantitative considerations (704 )
Provision attributed to individually evaluated loans 7,548
March 31, 2025 $ 70,597

The following are the key macroeconomic variable inputs employed in the determination of the allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

Economic Factors

3/31/2025 12/31/2024 Description of Economic Factors
Unemployment rate 4.54 % 4.10 % Average of four forward-looking quarters; Midpoint approach (1), Baseline (2)
Gross domestic product 1.48 % (0.25 )% Average growth rate year over year percentage of four forward-looking quarters; Midpoint approach (1), Alternate Scenarios 2 and 3 (3)
CRE Price Index (1.21 )% N/A Average growth rate year over year percentage of four forward-looking quarters; Midpoint approach (1)

(1) The midpoint approach of the Moody's baseline, upside, and downside scenarios was used for the unemployment rate, GDP growth rate, and CRE price index forecasts for the period ended March 31, 2025.

(2) The Moody's Baseline scenario was used for the unemployment rate forecast for period ended December 31, 2024.

(3) The Moody's alternative scenarios 2 and 3 (equally weighted) were used for the GDP growth rate forecast for the period ended December 31, 2024.

Sensitivity Analysis

Adverse changes in management’s assessment of the assumptions and key inputs used to determine the allowance for credit losses could lead to increases in the allowance through additional provisions for credit losses. If actual losses and conditions differ materially from the assumptions used to determine the allowance for credit losses, our actual credit losses could differ materially from management’s estimates.

A sensitivity analysis of our allowance for credit losses was performed by estimating credit losses allocating more weight on the Moody’s S2 scenario, which has a more negative outlook on the economy, compared with the Moody’s baseline and S1 scenarios. The S2 scenario assumes elevated market interest rates, which weakens credit sensitive spending more than anticipated. In addition, the combination of tariffs, rising inflation, deportations, global political unrest and tensions, and reduced credit availability could cause the economy to fall into a mild recession in 2025. Incorporating key macroeconomic inputs from Moody’s S2 projected scenario in our calculation resulted in additional allowance for credit losses of approximately $2.4 million, compared with the results using the midpoint approach of Moody’s baseline, upside, and downside scenarios as of March 31, 2025.

Management's reviews consider the results of each sensitivity analysis when evaluating the qualitative factor adjustments. While management believes that it has established adequate allowances for lifetime credit losses on loans, actual results may prove different, and could be material. Management monitors the performance of the assumptions, key inputs and various scenarios on an ongoing basis to ensure their effective application in the estimate of the allowance for credit losses.

Executive Overview

Net income was $17.7 million, or $0.58 per diluted share, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to $15.2 million, or $0.50 per diluted share, for the same period a year ago. The increase in net income was driven by a $4.4 million increase in net interest income and a $1.5 million decrease in noninterest expense, offset by an increase in credit loss expense of $2.5 million and income tax expense of $0.9 million. Credit loss expense for the first quarter of 2025 was $2.7 million compared to a $0.2 million expense for the first quarter of 2024.

Additional significant financial highlights include:

  • Loans receivable increased by $30.4 million, or 0.5%, to $6.21 billion as of March 31, 2025, compared with $6.18 billion as of December 31, 2024. The net increase was due to loan production of $345.9 million, offset by payoffs, loan sales, and prepayments of $315.1 million.

  • Deposits were $6.62 billion at March 31, 2025 compared with $6.44 billion at December 31, 2024 as money market and savings deposits and time deposits increased by $140.4 million and $72.8 million, respectively, while non-interest bearing demand deposits decreased by $30.0 million.

  • Return on average assets and return on average stockholders’ equity for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 were 0.94% and 8.92%, respectively, as compared with 0.81% and 7.90%, respectively, for the quarter ended March 31, 2024.

Results of Operations

Net Interest Income

Our primary source of revenue is net interest income, which is the difference between interest derived from earning assets, and interest paid on liabilities obtained to fund those assets. Our net interest income is affected by changes in the level and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, referred to as volume changes. Net interest income is also affected by changes in the yields earned on assets and rates paid on liabilities, referred to as rate changes. Interest rates charged on loans receivable are affected principally by changes to market interest rates, the demand for loans receivable, the supply of money available for lending purposes, and other competitive factors. Those factors are, in turn, affected by general economic conditions and other factors beyond our control, such as federal economic policies, the general supply of money in the economy, legislative tax policies, governmental budgetary matters, and the actions of the Federal Reserve.

The following table shows the average balance of assets, liabilities and stockholders’ equity; the amount of interest income, and interest expense; the average yield or rate for each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities; and the net interest spread and the net interest margin on a taxable-equivalent basis for the periods indicated. All average balances are daily average balances.

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2025 March 31, 2024
Interest Average Interest Average
Average Income / Yield / Average Income / Yield /
Balance Expense Rate Balance Expense Rate
Assets (dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans receivable (1) $ 6,189,531 $ 90,887 5.95 % $ 6,137,888 $ 91,674 6.00 %
Securities (2) 1,001,499 6,169 2.49 % 969,520 4,955 2.07 %
FHLB stock 16,385 360 8.92 % 16,385 361 8.87 %
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks 176,028 1,841 4.24 % 201,724 2,604 5.19 %
Total interest-earning assets 7,383,443 99,257 5.45 % 7,325,517 99,594 5.47 %
Noninterest-earning assets:
Cash and due from banks 53,670 58,382
Allowance for credit losses (69,648 ) (69,106 )
Other assets 249,148 244,700
Total assets $ 7,616,613 $ 7,559,493
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Deposits:
Demand: interest-bearing $ 79,369 $ 27 0.14 % $ 86,401 $ 30 0.14 %
Money market and savings 2,037,224 16,437 3.27 % 1,815,085 16,553 3.67 %
Time deposits 2,345,346 24,095 4.17 % 2,507,830 29,055 4.66 %
Total interest-bearing deposits 4,461,939 40,559 3.69 % 4,409,316 45,638 4.16 %
Borrowings 179,444 2,024 4.57 % 162,418 1,655 4.10 %
Subordinated debentures 130,718 1,582 4.84 % 130,088 1,646 5.06 %
Total interest-bearing liabilities 4,772,101 44,165 3.75 % 4,701,822 48,939 4.19 %
Noninterest-bearing liabilities and equity:
Demand deposits: noninterest-bearing 1,895,953 1,921,189
Other liabilities 144,654 164,524
Stockholders’ equity 803,905 771,958
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 7,616,613 $ 7,559,493
Net interest income $ 55,092 $ 50,655
Cost of deposits (3) 2.59 % 2.90 %
Net interest spread (taxable equivalent basis) (4) 1.70 % 1.28 %
Net interest margin (taxable equivalent basis) (5) 3.02 % 2.78 %

  • (1)

  • (2)

  • (3)

  • (4)

  • (5)

The table below shows changes in interest income and interest expense and the amounts attributable to variations in interest rates and volumes for the periods indicated. The variances attributable to simultaneous volume and rate changes have been allocated to the change due to volume and the change due to rate categories in proportion to the relationship of the absolute dollar amount attributable solely to the change in volume and to the change in rate.

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2025 vs March 31, 2024
Increases (Decreases) Due to Change In
Volume Rate Total
(in thousands)
Interest and dividend income:
Loans receivable (1) $ 6 $ (793 ) $ (787 )
Securities (2) 163 1,051 1,214
FHLB stock (3 ) 2 (1 )
Interest-bearing deposits in other banks (351 ) (412 ) (763 )
Total interest and dividend income (185 ) (152 ) (337 )
Interest expense:
Demand: interest-bearing $ (3 ) $ — $ (3 )
Money market and savings 1,972 (2,088 ) (116 )
Time deposits (2,107 ) (2,853 ) (4,960 )
Borrowings 159 210 369
Subordinated debentures 8 (72 ) (64 )
Total interest expense 29 (4,803 ) (4,774 )
Change in net interest income $ (214 ) $ 4,651 $ 4,437
  • (1)
  • (2)

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, net interest income was $55.1 million and $50.7 million, respectively. The increase of $4.4 million was primarily due to a decrease in interest expense. The net interest spread and net interest margin, on a taxable equivalent basis, for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, were 1.70% and 3.02%, respectively, compared to 1.28% and 2.78%, respectively, for the same period in 2024. Interest and dividend income decreased $0.3 million, or 0.3%, to $99.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $99.6 million for the same period in 2024. Interest expense decreased $4.8 million, or 9.8%, to $44.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $48.9 million for the same period in 2024 primarily due to decreases in deposit rates.

The average balance of interest earning assets increased $57.9 million, or 0.8%, to $7.38 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2025, from $7.33 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The average balance of loans increased $51.6 million, or 0.8%, to $6.19 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2025, from $6.14 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The average balance of securities was $1.0 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The average balance of interest-bearing deposits at other banks decreased $25.7 million, or 12.7%, to $176.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, from $201.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

The average yield on interest-earning assets, on a taxable equivalent basis, decreased two basis points to 5.45% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, from 5.47% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The average yield on loans decreased to 5.95% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, from 6.00% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The average yield on securities, on a taxable equivalent basis, increased to 2.49% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, from 2.07% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase in the average yield on securities was primarily due to the Company using the proceeds from lower-coupon rate maturing securities to reinvest into higher-coupon rate securities.

The average balance of interest-bearing liabilities increased $70.3 million, or 1.5%, to $4.77 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared with $4.70 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The average balances of money market and savings accounts and borrowings increased by $222.1 million and $17.0 million, respectively, offset partially by decreases in interest-bearing demand deposits and time deposits of $7.0 million and $162.5 million, respectively. The increase in average

balances of money market and savings accounts was due to an increase in new commercial accounts. The decrease in the average balance of time deposits was due to the shift to money market and savings accounts as market rates decreased.

The average cost of interest-bearing liabilities was 3.75% and 4.19% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The average cost of interest-bearing deposits decreased 47 basis points to 3.69% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared with 4.16% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The average cost of time deposits decreased 49 basis points to 4.17% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared with 4.66% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The average cost of money market and savings accounts decreased 40 basis points to 3.27% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared with 3.67% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease in the cost of deposits was due to a decrease in deposit market rates. The average cost of borrowings increased to 4.57% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared with 4.10% for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Credit Loss Expense

For the first quarter of 2025, the Company recorded $2.7 million of credit loss expense, comprised of a $2.4 million provision for loan losses and a $0.3 million provision recorded for off-balance sheet items. For the same period in 2024, the Company recorded $0.2 million of credit loss expense, comprised of a $0.4 million provision for loan losses, partially offset by a $0.2 million recovery for off-balance sheet items. The $2.0 million increase in provision for loan losses is the result of a $3.7 million increase in specific reserves and a $0.4 million increase net charge-offs, partially offset by a $2.1 million decrease resulting from quantitative and qualitative considerations.

See also “Allowance for Credit Losses and Allowance for Credit Losses Related to Off-Balance Sheet Items” for further details.

Noninterest Income

The following table sets forth the various components of noninterest income for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended March 31, Increase<br>(Decrease) Increase<br>(Decrease)
2025 2024 Amount Percent
(in thousands)
Service charges on deposit accounts $ 2,217 $ 2,450 $ (233 ) (9.51 )%
Trade finance and other service charges and fees 1,396 1,414 (18 ) (1.27 )
Servicing income 732 712 20 2.81
Bank-owned life insurance income 309 304 5 1.64
All other operating income 897 928 (31 ) (3.34 )
Service charges, fees & other 5,551 5,808 (257 ) (4.42 )
Gain on sale of SBA loans 2,000 1,482 518 34.95
Gain on sale of mortgage loans 175 443 (268 ) (60.50 )
Total noninterest income $ 7,726 $ 7,733 $ (7 ) (0.09 )%

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, noninterest income was $7.7 million. The $0.5 million increase in gain on sale of SBA loans was offset by a $0.3 million decrease in gain on sale of mortgage loans and $0.2 million decrease in service charges on deposit accounts.

During the first quarter of 2025, the Company sold $10.0 million of residential loans, recognizing a net gain of $0.2 million, and sold $32.2 million of SBA loans, recognizing a net gain of $2.0 million. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company sold $29.7 million of residential loans, recognizing a net gain of $0.4 million, and sold $25.6 million of SBA loans, recognizing a net gain of $1.5 million. Trade premiums on SBA loan sales were 7.82% and 7.23% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Noninterest Expense

The following table sets forth the components of noninterest expense for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended March 31, Increase<br>(Decrease) Increase<br>(Decrease)
2025 2024 Amount Percent
(in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits $ 20,972 $ 21,585 $ (613 ) (2.84 )%
Occupancy and equipment 4,450 4,537 (87 ) (1.92 )
Data processing 3,787 3,551 236 6.65
Professional fees 1,468 1,893 (425 ) (22.45 )
Supplies and communications 517 601 (84 ) (13.98 )
Advertising and promotion 585 907 (322 ) (35.50 )
All other operating expenses 3,175 3,160 15 0.47
Subtotal 34,954 36,234 (1,280 ) (3.53 )
Other real estate owned expense 41 22 19 86.36
Repossessed personal property expense (income) (11 ) 189 (200 ) (105.82 )
Total noninterest expense $ 34,984 $ 36,445 $ (1,461 ) (4.01 )%

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, noninterest expense was $35.0 million, a decrease of $1.4 million, or 4.0%, compared with $36.4 million for the same period in 2024. The decrease was mainly attributed to a $0.6 million decrease in salaries and employee benefits, a $0.4 million decrease in professional fees, and a $0.3 million decrease in advertising and promotion. The decrease in salaries and employee benefits was mainly attributed to an increase in capitalized loan origination costs resulting from an increase in loan originations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024. Professional fees decreased $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 due to the completion of a loan system implementation in 2024. Advertising and promotion decreased $0.3 million due to a decrease in deposit marketing campaign expenses.

Income Tax Expense

Income tax expense was $7.4 million and $6.6 million, representing an effective income tax rate of 29.6% and 30.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Financial Condition

Securities

As of March 31, 2025, our securities portfolio consisted of U.S. government agency and sponsored agency mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage obligations and debt securities, tax-exempt municipal bonds and U.S. Treasury securities. Most of these securities carry fixed interest rates. Other than holdings of U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations, there were no securities of any one issuer exceeding 10% of stockholders’ equity as of March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.

Securities increased $1.2 million to $907.0 million at March 31, 2025 from $905.8 million at December 31, 2024, mainly attributed to $32.5 million in securities purchases and a decrease in unrealized securities losses of $14.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, partially offset by $45.1 million in payments and maturities.

The following table summarizes the contractual maturity schedule for securities, at amortized cost, and their cost weighted average yield, which is calculated using amortized cost as the weight, as of March 31, 2025:

After One<br>Year But After Five<br>Years But
Within One<br>Year Within Five<br>Years Within Ten<br>Years After Ten<br>Years Total
Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield
(dollars in thousands)
Securities available for sale:
U.S. Treasury securities $ 46,241 4.62 % $ 43,485 3.68 % $ — 0.00 % $ — 0.00 % $ 89,726 4.16 %
U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations:
Mortgage-backed securities - residential 1 2.56 — — 16,747 3.32 422,620 1.79 439,368 1.85
Mortgage-backed securities - commercial 604 0.52 4,851 2.62 — — 69,036 2.48 74,491 2.47
Collateralized mortgage obligations — — 94 1.30 95 2.59 194,852 4.24 195,041 4.24
Debt securities 48,493 1.04 68,290 2.01 — — — — 116,783 1.61
Total U.S. government agency and sponsored agency obligations 49,098 1.03 73,235 2.05 16,842 3.32 686,508 2.55 825,683 2.44
Municipal bonds-tax exempt — — — — 47,023 1.35 28,802 1.32 75,825 1.34
Total securities available for sale $ 95,339 2.77 % $ 116,720 2.65 % $ 63,865 1.87 % $ 715,310 2.51 % $ 991,234 2.51 %

Loans Receivable

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, loans receivable (excluding loans held for sale), net of deferred loan fees and costs, discounts and allowance for credit losses, were $6.21 billion and $6.18 billion, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, there was $345.9 million in new loan production, which included $11.0 million in SBA loan purchases, offset partially by $167.2 million in loan sales and payoffs, and amortization and other reductions of $144.6 million. Loan production consisted of commercial real estate loans of $146.6 million, residential mortgages of $55.0 million, commercial and industrial loans of $42.3 million, equipment financing agreements of $46.7 million and SBA loans of $55.2 million.

The table below shows the maturity distribution of outstanding loans, before the allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2025. In addition, the table shows the distribution of such loans between those with floating or variable interest rates and those with fixed or predetermined interest rates.

Within One<br>Year After One<br>Year but<br>Within<br>Three<br>Years After Three<br>Years but<br>Within<br>Five<br>Years After Five<br>Years but<br>Within<br>Fifteen<br>Years After<br>Fifteen<br>Years Total
(in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Commercial property
Retail $ 164,861 $ 311,358 $ 419,769 $ 139,602 $ 73,507 $ 1,109,097
Hospitality 161,280 294,662 326,853 45,392 17,088 845,275
Office 236,716 268,414 41,235 11,885 5,707 563,957
Other 305,131 509,855 393,206 130,277 40,277 1,378,746
Total commercial property loans 867,988 1,384,289 1,181,063 327,156 136,579 3,897,075
Construction 74,582 3,994 — — — 78,576
Residential 6,137 23 223 4,354 968,799 979,536
Total real estate loans 948,707 1,388,306 1,181,286 331,510 1,105,378 4,955,187
Commercial and industrial loans 330,782 199,166 145,498 178,960 — 854,406
Equipment financing agreements 32,589 227,601 197,539 14,867 — 472,596
Loans receivable $ 1,312,078 $ 1,815,073 $ 1,524,323 $ 525,337 $ 1,105,378 $ 6,282,189
Loans with predetermined interest rates 693,056 1,216,833 649,049 30,374 265,735 2,855,047
Loans with variable interest rates 619,022 598,240 875,274 494,963 839,643 3,427,142

The table below shows the maturity distribution of outstanding loans, before the allowance for credit losses, with fixed or predetermined interest rates, as of March 31, 2025.

Within One<br>Year After One<br>Year but<br>Within Three<br>Years After Three<br>Years but<br>Within Five<br>Years After Five<br>Years but<br>Within<br>Fifteen<br>Years After<br>Fifteen<br>Years Total
(in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Commercial property
Retail $ 138,188 $ 263,738 $ 191,794 $ 25 $ 576 $ 594,321
Hospitality 48,844 161,542 104,587 — 215 315,188
Office 129,078 215,531 14,039 — — 358,648
Other 234,666 337,801 128,910 7,647 3,268 712,292
Total commercial property loans 550,776 978,612 439,330 7,672 4,059 1,980,449
Construction — — — — — —
Residential 1,467 23 21 2,255 261,676 265,442
Total real estate loans 552,243 978,635 439,351 9,927 265,735 2,245,891
Commercial and industrial loans 108,223 10,597 12,159 5,580 — 136,559
Equipment financing agreements 32,590 227,601 197,539 14,867 — 472,597
Loans receivable $ 693,056 $ 1,216,833 $ 649,049 $ 30,374 $ 265,735 $ 2,855,047

The table below shows the maturity distribution of outstanding loans, before the allowance for credit losses, with floating or variable interest rates (including floating, adjustable and hybrids), as of March 31, 2025.

Within One<br>Year After One<br>Year but<br>Within Three<br>Years After Three<br>Years but<br>Within Five<br>Years After Five<br>Years but<br>Within<br>Fifteen<br>Years After<br>Fifteen<br>Years Total
(in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Commercial property
Retail $ 26,672 $ 47,620 $ 227,975 $ 139,577 $ 72,932 $ 514,776
Hospitality 112,436 133,120 222,266 45,392 16,873 530,087
Office 107,638 52,883 27,196 11,885 5,707 205,309
Other 70,465 172,054 264,296 122,631 37,009 666,455
Total commercial property loans 317,211 405,677 741,733 319,485 132,521 1,916,627
Construction 74,582 3,993 — — — 78,575
Residential 4,670 — 201 2,099 707,122 714,092
Total real estate loans 396,463 409,670 741,934 321,584 839,643 2,709,294
Commercial and industrial loans 222,559 188,570 133,340 173,379 — 717,848
Loans receivable $ 619,022 $ 598,240 $ 875,274 $ 494,963 $ 839,643 $ 3,427,142

Industry

As of March 31, 2025, the loan portfolio included the following concentrations of loan types to borrowers in industries that represented greater than 10.0% of loans receivable outstanding:

Percentage of
Balance as of Loans Receivable
March 31, 2025 Outstanding
(in millions)
Lessor of nonresidential buildings $ 1,632 26.0 %
Hospitality 843 13.4 %

Loan Quality Indicators

Loans 30 to 89 days past due and still accruing were $17.3 million at March 31, 2025, compared with $18.5 million at December 31, 2024.

Activity in criticized loans was as follows for the periods indicated:

Special Mention Classified
(in thousands)
Three months ended March 31, 2025
Balance at beginning of period $ 139,613 $ 25,683
Additions 148 26,169
Reductions (21,381 ) (5,333 )
Ending balance $ 118,380 $ 46,519
Three months ended March 31, 2024
Balance at beginning of period $ 65,315 $ 31,367
Additions 671 3,631
Reductions (3,670 ) (11,329 )
Ending balance $ 62,316 $ 23,669

Special mention loans were $118.4 million and $139.6 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The $21.2 million decrease in the first quarter of 2025 included loan upgrades of $20.5 million and amortization/paydowns of $0.9 million, offset by additions of $0.2 million. The increase in loan upgrades was primarily attributable to a $18.9 million loan upgrade of a commercial and industrial loan. The $3.0 million decrease in the first quarter of 2024 included upgrades to pass loans of $1.5 million, downgrades to classified loans of $0.8 million, and paydowns and payoffs of $1.4 million, offset by downgrades from pass loans of $0.7 million. The upgrades to pass loans were primarily attributable to a $1.5 million retail loan and downgrades to classified consisted of two SBA commercial real estate retail loans for $0.8 million.

Classified loans were $46.5 million and $25.7 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The $20.8 million increase in classified loans for the three months ended March 31, 2025 resulted from $22.8 million of loan downgrades and $3.4 million of equipment financing downgrades. The increase in loan downgrades was primarily the result of a $20.0 million commercial real estate office loan designated as nonaccrual. Additions were offset by $2.7 million of equipment financing charge-offs, $1.1 million of payoffs, $1.0 million of amortization and paydowns, $0.3 million of loan charge-offs and $0.3 million of loan upgrades. The $7.7 million decrease in the first quarter of 2024 was primarily driven by paydowns and payoffs of $9.4 million, and charge-offs of $1.9 million, offset by new downgrades to classified loans of $3.6 million. The paydowns and payoffs during the three months ended March 31, 2024 were mainly attributed to payoffs of a $4.7 million commercial real estate industrial loan and a $1.2 million commercial real estate office loan, and a $0.9 million paydown on a previously mentioned nonperforming commercial and industrial loan in the health-care industry.

Nonperforming Assets

Nonperforming loans consist of nonaccrual loans and loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest. Nonperforming assets consist of nonperforming loans and OREO. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when, in the opinion of management, the full timely collection of principal or interest is in doubt. Generally, the accrual of interest is discontinued when principal or interest payments become more than 90 days past due, unless we believe the loan is adequately collateralized and in the process of collection. However, in certain instances, we may place a particular loan on nonaccrual status earlier, depending upon the individual circumstances surrounding the loan’s delinquency. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, previously accrued but unpaid interest is reversed against current income. Subsequent collections of cash are applied as principal reductions when received, except when the ultimate collectability of principal is probable, in which case interest payments are credited to income. Nonaccrual loans may be restored to accrual status when principal and interest become current and full repayment is expected, which generally occurs after sustained payment of six months. Interest income is recognized on the accrual basis for loans not meeting the criteria for nonaccrual. OREO consists of properties acquired by foreclosure or similar means.

Except for nonaccrual loans, management is not aware of any other loans as of March 31, 2025 for which known credit problems of the borrower would cause serious doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to comply with their present loan repayment terms, or any known events that would result in a loan being designated as nonperforming at some future date.

Nonaccrual loans were $35.5 million and $14.3 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, representing an increase of $21.3 million, or 149.1%. The increase was due to the previously mentioned $20.0 million commercial real estate office loan designated as nonaccrual during the first quarter of 2025. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, 1.72% and 1.81% of equipment financing agreements were on nonaccrual status, respectively. At March 31, 2025 there were $112,000 of

loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest. At December 31, 2024, all loans 90 days or more past due were classified as nonaccrual.

The $35.5 million of nonperforming loans as of March 31, 2025 had individually evaluated allowances of $11.8 million, compared to $14.3 million of nonperforming loans with individually evaluated allowances of $6.2 million as of December 31, 2024.

Nonperforming assets were $35.7 million at March 31, 2025, or 0.46% of total assets, compared to $14.4 million, or 0.19%, at December 31, 2024. Additionally, not included in nonperforming assets were repossessed personal property assets associated with equipment finance agreements of $0.7 million and $0.6 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Individually Evaluated Loans

The Company reviews loans on an individual basis when the loan does not share similar risk characteristics with loan pools. Individually evaluated loans are measured for expected credit losses based on the present value of expected cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate, the observable market price, or the fair value of collateral.

Individually evaluated loans were $33.1 million and $14.3 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, representing a increase of $18.8 million, or 131.5%. Specific allowances associated with individually evaluated loans increased $5.6 million to $11.8 million as of March 31, 2025 compared with $6.2 million as of December 31, 2024.

A borrower is experiencing financial difficulties when there is a probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future without the modification. The Company may modify loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties by providing principal forgiveness, a term extension, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, or an interest rate reduction.

The following table presents loan modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by type of modification, with related amortized cost balances, respective percentage shares of the total class of loans, and the related financial effect, as of the periods indicated:

Term Extension
Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Loans Financial Effect
(in thousands)
March 31, 2025
Commercial and industrial loans $22,863 2.7% One loan with term extension of six years; one loan with term extension of six months
Interest Only/Principal Deferment
--- --- --- ---
Amortized Cost Basis % of Total Class of Loans Financial Effect
(in thousands)
March 31, 2025
Commercial property loans: Retail $13,531 1.2% Two loans with three month principal and interest deferral
Commercial and industrial loans 19,748 2.3% One loan with six month interest only; one loan with 12 month interest only

The modified loans above were current at March 31, 2025.

The table above includes two retail commercial loans with an amortized cost of $13.5 million that were modified during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

No loans were modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, there were no payment defaults on loans modified within the preceding 12 months.

Allowance for Credit Losses and Allowance for Credit Losses Related to Off-Balance Sheet Items

As previously mentioned, effective January 1, 2025, the Company changed its methodology for estimating expected credit losses on its loan portfolio. The Company’s estimate of the allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 reflected losses expected over the remaining contractual life of assets based on historical, current, and forward-looking information. The contractual term does not consider extensions, renewals or modifications.

Our allowance for credit losses incorporate a variety of risk considerations, both quantitative and qualitative, that management believes is appropriate to absorb lifetime credit losses at each reporting date. Quantitative factors include the general economic forecast in our markets, risk ratings, delinquency trends, collateral values, changes in nonperforming loans, and other factors.

We use qualitative factors to adjust the allowance calculation for risks not considered by the quantitative calculations. Qualitative factors considered in our methodologies include concentrations of credit, changes in lending management and staff, and quality of the loan review system.

The Company reviews baseline and alternative economic scenarios from Moody’s (previously known as Moody’s Analytics, a subsidiary of Moody’s Corporation) for consideration in the quantitative portion of our analysis of the allowance for credit losses. Moody’s publishes a baseline forecast that represents the estimate of the most likely path for the United States economy through the current business cycle (50% probability that economic conditions will be worse and 50% probability that economic conditions will be better) as well as alternative scenarios to examine how different types of shocks will affect the future performance of the United States economy.

The Company utilizes a midpoint approach of multiple forward-looking scenarios to incorporate losses from a baseline, upside (stronger near-term growth) and downside (slower near-term growth) economy. As a result, the upside and downside scenarios each receive a weight of 30%, and the baseline receives a weight of 40%.

Certain quantitative and qualitative factors used to estimate credit losses and establish an allowance for credit losses are subject to uncertainty. The adequacy of our allowance for credit losses is sensitive to changes in current and forecasted economic conditions that may affect the ability of borrowers to make contractual payments as well as the value of the collateral securing such payments.

Although management believes it uses the best information available to establish the allowance for credit losses, future adjustments to the allowance for credit losses may be necessary and the Company’s results of operations could be adversely affected if circumstances differ substantially from the assumptions used in making the determinations.

In addition, because future events affecting borrowers and collateral cannot be predicted without uncertainty, the existing allowance for credit losses may not be adequate or increases may be necessary should the quality of any loans deteriorate as a result of the factors discussed. Any material increase in the allowance for credit losses would adversely impact the Company's financial condition and results of operations.

The following table reflects our allocation of the allowance for credit losses by loan category as well as the amount of loans in each loan category, including related percentages:

March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
Allowance Amount Percentage of Total Allowance Total Loans Percentage of Total Loans Allowance Amount Percentage of Total Allowance Total Loans Percentage of Total Loans
(dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Commercial property
Retail $ 9,404 13.3 % $ 1,109,097 17.7 % $ 10,171 14.5 % $ 1,068,978 17.1 %
Hospitality 7,128 10.1 845,275 13.5 15,302 21.8 848,134 13.6
Office 11,536 16.3 563,957 9.0 3,935 5.6 568,861 9.1
Other 12,278 17.5 1,378,746 21.8 8,243 11.8 1,385,051 22.2
Total commercial property loans 40,346 57.2 3,897,075 62.0 37,651 53.7 3,871,024 62.0
Construction 1,021 1.4 78,576 1.3 1,664 2.4 78,598 1.3
Residential 9,936 14.2 979,536 15.7 5,784 8.2 951,302 15.2
Total real estate loans 51,303 72.8 4,955,187 79.0 45,099 64.3 4,900,924 78.5
Commercial and industrial loans 6,242 8.7 854,406 13.5 10,006 14.3 863,431 13.8
Equipment financing agreements 13,052 18.5 472,596 7.5 15,042 21.4 487,022 7.7
Total $ 70,597 100.0 % $ 6,282,189 100.0 % $ 70,147 100.0 % $ 6,251,377 100.0 %

The following table sets forth certain ratios related to our allowance for credit losses at the dates presented:

As of
March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Ratios:
Allowance for credit losses to loans receivable 1.12 % 1.12 %
Nonaccrual loans to loans 0.56 % 0.23 %
Allowance for credit losses to nonaccrual loans 199.10 % 491.50 %
Balance:
Nonaccrual loans at end of period $ 35,458 $ 14,272
Nonperforming loans at end of period $ 35,570 $ 14,272

The allowance for credit losses was $70.6 million and $70.1 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The allowance attributed to individually evaluated loans was $11.8 million and $6.2 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The allowance attributed to collectively evaluated loans was $58.8 million and $64.0 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The decrease in the allowance attributed to collectively evaluated loans was primarily due to the change in ACL methodology.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses related to off-balance sheet items, primarily unfunded loan commitments, was $2.4 million and $2.1 million, respectively. The Bank closely monitors the borrower’s repayment capabilities, while funding existing commitments to ensure losses are minimized. Based on management’s evaluation and analysis of portfolio credit quality, prevailing economic conditions and economic forecasts, we believe these allowances were adequate for current expected lifetime losses in the loan portfolio and off-balance sheet exposure as of March 31, 2025.

The following table presents a summary of gross charge-offs and recoveries for the loan portfolio:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2025 2024
(in thousands)
Gross charge-offs $ (3,189 ) $ (2,123 )
Gross recoveries 1,243 527
Net (charge-offs) recoveries $ (1,946 ) $ (1,596 )

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, gross charge-offs increased $1.1 million from the same period in 2024. Gross recoveries for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased $0.7 million from the same period in 2024. Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 primarily consisted of $2.8 million and $2.0 million of equipment financing agreements charge-offs, respectively. Gross recoveries for the three months ended March 31, 2025 primarily consisted of $0.8 million of recoveries on equipment financing agreements.

The following table presents a summary of net (charge-offs) recoveries for the loan portfolio:

Three Months Ended
Average Loans Net (Charge-Offs) Recoveries Net (Charge-Offs) Recoveries to Average Loans (1)
(dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2025
Commercial real estate loans $ 3,938,099 $ — — %
Residential loans 967,755 255 0.11
Commercial and industrial loans 797,524 (186 ) (0.09 )
Equipment financing agreements 486,153 (2,015 ) (1.66 )
Total $ 6,189,531 $ (1,946 ) (0.13 )%
March 31, 2024
Commercial real estate loans $ 3,875,439 $ 46 0.00 %
Residential loans 978,908 — —
Commercial and industrial loans 710,440 (97 ) (0.05 )
Equipment financing agreements 573,101 (1,545 ) (1.08 )
Total $ 6,137,888 $ (1,596 ) (0.10 )%
  • (1)

Net loan charge-offs were $1.9 million, or 0.13% of average loans and $1.6 million, or 0.10% of average loans for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Deposits

The following table shows the composition of deposits by type as of the dates indicated:

December 31, 2024
Percent Balance Percent
Demand – noninterest-bearing 2,066,659 31.2 % $ 2,096,634 32.6 %
Interest-bearing:
Demand 80,790 1.2 80,323 1.2
Money market and savings 2,073,943 31.3 1,933,535 30.0
Uninsured amount of time deposits more than 250,000:
Three months or less 199,651 3.0 225,015 3.5
Over three months through six months 254,841 3.9 219,304 3.4
Over six months through twelve months 192,708 2.9 202,966 3.2
Over twelve months 4,215 0.1 14 —
All other insured time deposits 1,746,668 26.4 1,677,985 26.1
Total deposits 6,619,475 100.0 % $ 6,435,776 100.0 %

All values are in US Dollars.

Total deposits were $6.62 billion and $6.44 billion as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, representing an increase of $183.7 million, or 2.9%. The increase in deposits was primarily driven by a $140.4 million increase in money market and savings deposits and a $72.8 million increase in time deposits, partially offset by a $30.0 million decrease in noninterest-bearing demand deposits. At March 31, 2025, the loan-to-deposit ratio was 94.9% compared to 97.1% at December 31, 2024.

As of March 31, 2025, the aggregate amount of uninsured deposits (deposits in amounts greater than $250,000, which is the maximum amount for federal deposit insurance) was $2.67 billion. The aggregate amount of uninsured time deposits was $651.4 million. Other uninsured deposits, such as demand and money market and savings deposits were $2.02 billion. At March 31, 2025, $1.17 billion of total uninsured deposits were in accounts with balances of $5.0 million or more. As of December 31, 2024, the aggregate amount of uninsured deposits was $2.72 billion. The aggregate amount of uninsured time deposits was $647.3 million. Other uninsured deposits, such as demand, money market and savings deposits were $2.07 billion. At December 31, 2024, $1.21 billion of total uninsured deposits were in accounts with balances of $5.0 million or more.

The Bank’s wholesale funds historically consisted of FHLB advances, brokered deposits as well as State of California time deposits. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Bank had $117.5 million and $262.5 million of FHLB advances, and $76.0 million and $60.7 million of brokered deposits, respectively. The Bank had $150.0 million and $120.0 million of State of California time deposits, as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Borrowings and Subordinated Debentures

Borrowings mostly take the form of FHLB advances. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, FHLB advances were $117.5 million and $262.5 million, respectively. FHLB open advances were $80.0 million and $225.0 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. For the same periods, term advances were $37.5 million and $37.5 million, respectively. Funds from deposit growth not used to fund loan production were used to pay off borrowings.

The weighted-average interest rate of all FHLB advances at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was 4.63% and 4.75%, respectively.

The FHLB maximum amount outstanding at any month end during each of the year-to-date periods ended March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $232.5 million and $350.0 million, respectively.

The following is a summary of contractual maturities of FHLB advances greater than twelve months:

March 31, 2025 December 31, 2024
FHLB of San Francisco Outstanding<br>Balance Weighted<br>Average<br>Rate Outstanding<br>Balance Weighted<br>Average<br>Rate
(dollars in thousands)
Advances due over 12 months through 24 months $ 12,500 4.85 % $ 37,500 4.58 %
Outstanding advances over 12 months $ 12,500 4.85 % $ 37,500 4.58 %

Subordinated debentures were $130.8 million and $130.6 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Subordinated debentures are comprised of fixed-to-floating subordinated notes of $108.6 million and $108.5 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively, and junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures of $22.2 million and $22.1 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. See “Note 8 – Borrowings and Subordinated Debentures” to the consolidated financial statements for more details.

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders’ equity was $751.5 million and $732.2 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. Net income, net of $8.3 million of dividends paid, added $9.4 million to stockholders' equity for the period, as did $0.9 million of share-based compensation, a $10.4 million decrease in unrealized after-tax losses on securities available for sale and a $0.3 million decrease in unrealized after-tax losses on cash flow hedges due to changes in interest rates. In addition, the Company repurchased 50,000 shares of common stock during the period at an average share price of $22.49 for a total cost of $1.1 million. At March 31, 2025, 1,180,500 shares remain under the Company's share repurchase program.

Interest Rate Risk Management

The spread between interest income on interest-earning assets and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities is the principal component of net interest income, and interest rate changes substantially affect our financial performance. We emphasize capital protection through stable earnings. In order to achieve stable earnings, we prudently manage our assets and liabilities and closely monitor the percentage changes in net interest income and equity value in relation to limits established within our guidelines.

The Company performs simulation modeling to estimate the potential effects of interest rate changes. The following table summarizes one of the stress simulations performed to forecast the impact of changing interest rates on net interest income and the value of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities reflected on our balance sheet (i.e., an instantaneous parallel shift in the yield curve of the magnitude indicated below) as of March 31, 2025. The Company compares this stress simulation to policy

limits, which specify the maximum tolerance level for net interest income exposure over a 1- to 12-month and a 13- to 24- month horizon, given the basis point adjustment in interest rates reflected below.

Net Interest Income Simulation
1- to 12-Month Horizon 13- to 24-Month Horizon
Change in Interest Dollar Percentage Dollar Percentage
Rates (Basis Points) Change Change Change Change
(dollars in thousands)
300 $ 21,484 8.30 % $ 43,533 14.91 %
200 $ 14,292 5.52 % $ 28,884 9.90 %
100 $ 7,708 2.98 % $ 15,625 5.35 %
(100) $ (9,254 ) (3.57 %) $ (19,198 ) (6.58 %)
(200) $ (18,719 ) (7.23 %) $ (41,033 ) (14.06 %)
(300) $ (27,131 ) (10.48 %) $ (63,165 ) (21.64 %)
Economic Value of Equity (EVE)
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Change in Interest Dollar Percentage
Rates (Basis Points) Change Change
(dollars in thousands)
300 $ 85,319 10.31 %
200 $ 64,121 7.75 %
100 $ 39,956 4.83 %
(100) $ (63,530 ) (7.68 %)
(200) $ (147,128 ) (17.79 %)
(300) $ (246,092 ) (29.75 %)

The estimated sensitivity does not necessarily represent our forecast, and the results may not be indicative of actual changes to our net interest income. These estimates are based upon a number of assumptions, including the timing and magnitude of interest rate changes, prepayments on loans receivable and securities, pricing strategies on loans receivable and deposits, and replacement of asset and liability cash flows.

The key assumptions, based upon loans receivable, securities and deposits, are as follows:

Conditional prepayment rates*:
Loans receivable 15 %
Securities 6 %
Deposit rate betas*:
NOW, savings, money market demand 48 %
Time deposits, retail and wholesale 76 %
* Balance-weighted average

While the assumptions used are based on current economic and local market conditions, there is no assurance as to the predictive nature of these conditions, including how customer preferences or competitor influences might change.

Capital Resources and Liquidity

Capital Resources

Historically, our primary source of capital has been the retention of operating earnings. In order to ensure adequate capital levels, the Board regularly assesses projected sources and uses of capital, expected loan growth, anticipated strategic actions (such as stock repurchases and dividends), and projected capital thresholds under adverse and severely adverse economic conditions. In addition, the Board considers the Company’s access to capital from financial markets through the issuance of additional debt and securities, including common stock or notes, to meet its capital needs.

The Company’s ability to pay dividends to stockholders depends in part upon dividends it receives from the Bank. California law restricts the amount available for cash dividends to the lesser of a bank’s retained earnings or net income for its last three fiscal years (less any distributions to stockholders made during such period). Where the above test is not met, cash dividends may still be paid, with the prior approval of the Department of Financial Protection and Innovation (“DFPI”), in an amount not exceeding the

greater of: (1) retained earnings of the Bank; (2) net income of the Bank for its last fiscal year; or (3) the net income of the Bank for its current fiscal year. The Company paid dividends of $8.3 million ($0.27 per share) for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and $30.4 million ($1.00 per share) for the year 2024. As of April 1, 2025, the Bank has the ability to pay dividends of approximately $95.6 million, after giving effect to the $0.27 dividend declared on April 24, 2025, for the second quarter of 2025, without the prior approval of the Commissioner of the DFPI.

At March 31, 2025, the Bank’s total risk-based capital ratio of 14.47%, Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 13.34%, common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 13.34% and Tier 1 leverage capital ratio of 11.49% placed the Bank in the “well capitalized” category pursuant to capital rules, which is defined as institutions with total risk-based capital ratio equal to or greater than 10.00%, Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio equal to or greater than 8.00%, common equity Tier 1 capital ratios equal to or greater than 6.50%, and Tier 1 leverage capital ratio equal to or greater than 5.00%.

At March 31, 2025, the Company's total risk-based capital ratio was 15.28%, Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio was 12.46%, common equity Tier 1 capital ratio was 12.12% and Tier 1 leverage capital ratio was 10.67%.

For a discussion of the applicable capital adequacy framework, see "Regulation and Supervision - Capital Adequacy Requirements" in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Liquidity

For a discussion of liquidity for the Company, see Note 14 - Liquidity included in the notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Report and Note 22 – Liquidity in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

For a discussion of off-balance sheet arrangements, see Note 12 - Off-Balance Sheet Commitments included in the notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements in this Report and “Item 1. Business - Off-Balance Sheet Commitments” in our 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

For quantitative and qualitative disclosures regarding market risks, see “Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Interest Rate Risk Management” in this Report.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management is responsible for the disclosure controls and procedures of the Corporation. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures of an issuer that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods required by the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Corporation’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based on that evaluation, the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2025.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in the Corporation's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f)) during the quarter ended March 31, 2025 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting. The CECL model methodology change effective January 1, 2025 did not affect the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit<br><br>Number Document
10.1 First Amendment to the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and among Hanmi Financial Corporation, Hanmi Bank and Bonita I. Lee dated February 25, 2022 (incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 10.1 to Hanmi Financial’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 5, 2025)
10.2 Second Amendment to the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement by and among Hanmi Financial Corporation, Hanmi Bank and Romolo C. Santarosa dated February 26, 2020 (incorporated by reference herein from Exhibit 10.2 to Hanmi Financial’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on March 5, 2025)
31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document *
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema With Embedded Linkbase Documents *
104 The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, formatted in Inline XBRL

* Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are documents formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language).

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Hanmi Financial Corporation
Date: May 9, 2025 By: /s/ Bonita I. Lee
Bonita I. Lee
President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: May 9, 2025 By: /s/ Romolo C. Santarosa
--- --- --- ---
Romolo C. Santarosa
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Bonita I. Lee, President and Chief Executive Officer, certify that:

  • I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Hanmi Financial Corporation;
  • Based on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Report;
  • Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report;
  • The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:
  • designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Report is being prepared;
  • designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
  • evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Report based on such evaluation; and
  • disclosed in this Report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
  • The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
  • all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
  • any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: May 9, 2025 /s/ Bonita I. Lee
Bonita I. Lee
President and Chief Executive Officer<br><br>(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer

Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Romolo C. Santarosa, Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, certify that:

  • I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Hanmi Financial Corporation;
  • Based on my knowledge, this Report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this Report;
  • Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this Report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this Report;
  • The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:
  • designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this Report is being prepared;
  • designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
  • evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this Report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this Report based on such evaluation; and
  • disclosed in this Report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
  • The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Registrant’s Board of Directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
  • all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
  • any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: May 9, 2025 /s/ Romolo C. Santarosa
Romolo C. Santarosa
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer<br><br>(Principal Financial Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

Certification Pursuant To 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant To

Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Hanmi Financial Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Bonita I. Lee, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge that:

  • The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
  • The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of, and for, the period presented.
Date: May 9, 2025 /s/ Bonita I. Lee
Bonita I. Lee
President and Chief Executive Officer

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure statement. A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the SEC or its staff upon request.

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

Certification Pursuant To 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, As Adopted Pursuant To

Section 906 of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Hanmi Financial Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2025, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Romolo C. Santarosa, Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of my knowledge that:

  • The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
  • The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of, and for, the periods presented.
Date: May 9, 2025 /s/ Romolo C. Santarosa
Romolo C. Santarosa
Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure statement. A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 has been provided to the Company and will be retained by the Company and furnished to the SEC or its staff upon request.

Report a Problem

Category
Description
Email (optional, for follow-up)