Equibles

10-Q

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORP /WA/ (HFWA)

10-Q 2023-05-04 For: 2023-03-31
View Original
Added on April 04, 2026

Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023 or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number 000-29480

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Washington 91-1857900
(State or other jurisdiction of<br>incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer<br>Identification No.)
201 Fifth Avenue SW, Olympia WA 98501
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(360) 943-1500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Trading symbol Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, no par value HFWA NASDAQ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).   Yes  ☐    No  ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the last practicable date:

As of April 26, 2023, there were 35,061,897 shares of the registrant's common stock, no par value per share, outstanding.

Table of Contents

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-Q

March 31, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS 3
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS 3
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION 5
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 5
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (UNAUDITED) AS OF MARCH 31, 2023 AND DECEMBER 31, 2022 5
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED) FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2023 AND 2022 6
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) INCOME (UNAUDITED) FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2023 AND 2022 7
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED) FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2023 AND 2022 8
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2023 AND 2022 9
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) 11
NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS, BASIS OF PRESENTATION, SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS 11
NOTE 2. INVESTMENT SECURITIES 12
NOTE 3. LOANS RECEIVABLE 15
NOTE 4. ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS 23
NOTE 5. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS 24
NOTE 6. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 24
NOTE 7. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY 25
NOTE 8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS 27
NOTE 9. CASH RESTRICTION 30
NOTE 10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES 30
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 31
OVERVIEW 31
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 33
AVERAGE BALANCES, YIELDS AND RATES PAID 33
NET INTEREST INCOME AND MARGIN OVERVIEW 34
PROVISION FOR CREDIT LOSSES OVERVIEW 35
NONINTEREST INCOME OVERVIEW 36
NONINTEREST EXPENSE OVERVIEW 36
INCOME TAX EXPENSE OVERVIEW 37
FINANCIAL CONDITION OVERVIEW 37
INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES OVERVIEW 38
LOAN PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW 38
ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES ON LOANS OVERVIEW 40
DEPOSITS OVERVIEW 41
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY OVERVIEW 41
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS OVERVIEW 42
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES 42
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES 43
RECONCILIATIONS OF NON-GAAP MEASURES 43
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 44
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 45

Table of Contents

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION 45
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 45
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS 45
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS 45
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES 46
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES 46
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION 46
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS 46
SIGNATURES 47

GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND TERMS

The acronyms, abbreviations, and terms listed below are used in various sections of this Form 10-Q. As used throughout this report, the terms “we”, “our”, or “us” refer to Heritage Financial Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires.

2022 Annual Form 10-K Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022
ACL Allowance for credit losses
AOCI Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net
ASU Accounting Standards Update
Bank Heritage Bank
CECL Current Expected Credit Loss
CMO Collateralized Mortgage Obligation
Company Heritage Financial Corporation
COVID-19 Pandemic Coronavirus Disease of 2019 pandemic
CRE Commercial real estate
FASB Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Reserve Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Federal Reserve Bank Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
GAAP U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
LIBOR London Interbank Offering Rate
LIHTC Low-Income Housing Tax Credit
MBS Mortgage-backed security
PPP Paycheck Protection Program
SBA Small Business Administration
SEC Securities and Exchange Commission
SM Special Mention
SS Substandard
TDR Troubled debt restructured

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Form 10-Q may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are not statements of historical fact, are based on certain assumptions and often include the words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “forecasts,” “intends,” “plans,” “targets,” “potentially,” “probably,” “projects,” “outlook” or similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would” and “could.” These statements relate to our financial condition, results of operations, beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, assumptions and statements about future performance or business. The Company cautions readers not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. Moreover, you should treat these statements as speaking only as of the date they are made and based only on information then actually known to the Company. The Company does not undertake and specifically disclaims any obligation to revise any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual

Table of Contents

results for future periods to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements by, or on behalf of, us, and could negatively affect the Company’s operating results and stock price performance. These risks include, but are not limited to:

•potential adverse impacts to economic conditions nationally or in our local market areas, other markets where the Company has lending relationships, or other aspects of the Company’s business operations or financial markets, including, without limitation, as a result of employment levels, labor shortages and the effects of inflation, a potential recession or slowed economic growth caused by increasing political instability from acts of war including Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, as well as increasing prices and supply chain disruptions, and any governmental or societal responses to new COVID-19 variants;

•the credit risks of lending activities, including changes in the level and trend of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in our ACL on loans and provision for credit losses on loans that may be affected by deterioration in the housing and CRE markets, which may lead to increased losses and nonperforming assets in our loan portfolio, and may result in our ACL on loans no longer being adequate to cover actual losses, and require us to increase our ACL on loans;

•the uncertain impacts of quantitative tightening and current and future monetary policies of the Federal Reserve;

•changes in the levels of general interest rates, and the relative differences between short-term and long-term interest rates, deposit interest rates, our net interest margin and funding sources;

•the transition away from LIBOR toward new interest rate benchmarks;

•the impact of repricing and competitors' pricing initiatives on loan and deposit products;

•fluctuations in the demand for loans, the number of unsold homes and other properties and fluctuations in real estate values in our market areas;

•secondary market conditions for loans and our ability to sell loans in the secondary market;

•results of examinations of us by the bank regulators, including the possibility that any such regulatory authority may, among other things, initiate an enforcement action against the Company or our bank subsidiary which could require us to increase our ACL on loans, write-down assets, change our regulatory capital position, affect our ability to borrow funds or maintain or increase deposits, or impose additional requirements on us, any of which could affect our ability to continue our growth through mergers, acquisitions or similar transactions and adversely affect our liquidity and earnings;

•legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect our business, including changes in banking, securities, and tax law, regulatory policies and principles, or the interpretation of regulatory capital or other rules;

•our ability to attract and retain deposits;

•liquidity issues, including our ability to borrow funds or raise additional capital, if necessary;

•our ability to control operating costs and expenses;

•effects of critical accounting policies and judgments, including the use of estimates in determining fair value of certain of our assets, which estimates may prove to be incorrect and result in significant declines in valuation;

•the effectiveness of our risk management framework;

•difficulties in reducing risk associated with our loans;

•staffing fluctuations in response to product demand or the implementation of corporate strategies that affect our workforce and potential associated charges;

•disruptions, security breaches, or other adverse events, failures or interruptions in, or attacks on, our information technology systems or on the third-party vendors who perform several of our critical processing functions;

•our ability to retain key members of our senior management team;

•costs and effects of litigation, including settlements and judgments;

•our ability to implement our business strategies and manage our growth;

•future goodwill impairment due to changes in our business, market conditions, or other factors;

•our ability to successfully integrate any assets, liabilities, customers, systems, and management personnel we may acquire into our operations and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames or at all, and any goodwill charges related thereto and costs or difficulties relating to integration matters, including but not limited to customer and employee retention, which might be greater than expected;

•risks related to acquiring assets in or entering markets in which we have not previously operated and may not be familiar;

•increased competitive pressures among financial service companies;

•changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;

•the availability of resources to address changes in laws, rules, or regulations or to respond to regulatory actions;

•our ability to pay dividends on our common stock;

•the quality and composition of our securities portfolio and the impact of any adverse changes in the securities markets, including market liquidity;

•inability of key third-party providers to perform their obligations to us;

•changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the financial institution regulatory agencies or the FASB, including additional guidance and interpretation on accounting issues and details of the implementation of new accounting methods;

•the effects of climate change, severe weather events, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics and other public health crises, acts of war or terrorism, and other external events on our business;

•other economic, competitive, governmental, regulatory, and technological factors affecting our operations, pricing, products and services; and

•other risks detailed from time to time in our filings with the SEC including our 2022 Annual Form 10-K.

Table of Contents

PART I.     FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1.     FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except shares)

March 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
ASSETS
Cash on hand and in banks $ 68,969 $ 74,295
Interest earning deposits 232,512 29,295
Cash and cash equivalents 301,481 103,590
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value, net (amortized cost of $1,424,969 and $1,460,033, respectively) 1,318,072 1,331,443
Investment securities held to maturity, at amortized cost, net (fair value of $684,647 and $673,434, respectively) 760,163 766,396
Total investment securities 2,078,235 2,097,839
Loans receivable 4,127,472 4,050,858
Allowance for credit losses on loans (44,469) (42,986)
Loans receivable, net 4,083,003 4,007,872
Premises and equipment, net 80,094 76,930
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost 23,697 8,916
Bank owned life insurance 122,767 122,059
Accrued interest receivable 18,548 18,547
Prepaid expenses and other assets 281,438 296,181
Other intangible assets, net 6,604 7,227
Goodwill 240,939 240,939
Total assets $ 7,236,806 $ 6,980,100
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Deposits $ 5,771,787 $ 5,907,420
Deposits held for sale 17,235 17,420
Total deposits 5,789,022 5,924,840
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 383,100 —
Junior subordinated debentures 21,546 21,473
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase 39,161 46,597
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 177,895 189,297
Total liabilities 6,410,724 6,182,207
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, no par value, 2,500,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding, respectively — —
Common stock, no par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized; 35,108,120 and 35,106,697 shares issued and outstanding, respectively 550,869 552,397
Retained earnings 358,010 345,346
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net (82,797) (99,850)
Total stockholders’ equity 826,082 797,893
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 7,236,806 $ 6,980,100

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Table of Contents

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

Three Months Ended<br>March 31,
2023 2022
INTEREST INCOME:
Interest and fees on loans $ 50,450 $ 41,025
Taxable interest on investment securities 14,657 6,003
Nontaxable interest on investment securities 586 860
Interest on interest earning deposits 972 706
Total interest income 66,665 48,594
INTEREST EXPENSE:
Deposits 4,528 1,424
Junior subordinated debentures 482 194
Other borrowings 1,813 32
Total interest expense 6,823 1,650
Net interest income 59,842 46,944
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses 1,825 (3,577)
Net interest income after provision for (reversal of) credit losses 58,017 50,521
NONINTEREST INCOME:
Service charges and other fees 2,624 2,474
Card revenue 2,000 2,263
Loss on sale of investment securities, net (286) —
Gain on sale of loans, net 49 241
Interest rate swap fees 53 279
Bank owned life insurance income 709 1,695
Gain on sale of other assets, net 2 204
Other income 3,107 1,382
Total noninterest income 8,258 8,538
NONINTEREST EXPENSE:
Compensation and employee benefits 25,536 21,252
Occupancy and equipment 4,892 4,331
Data processing 4,342 4,061
Marketing 402 266
Professional services 628 699
State/municipal business and use taxes 1,008 796
Federal deposit insurance premium 850 600
Amortization of intangible assets 623 704
Other expense 3,324 3,011
Total noninterest expense 41,605 35,720
Income before income taxes 24,670 23,339
Income tax expense 4,213 3,582
Net income $ 20,457 $ 19,757
Basic earnings per share $ 0.58 $ 0.56
Diluted earnings per share $ 0.58 $ 0.56
Dividends declared per share $ 0.22 $ 0.21
Average number of basic shares outstanding 35,108,390 35,094,725
Average number of diluted shares outstanding 35,445,340 35,412,098

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Table of Contents

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

Three Months Ended<br>March 31,
2023 2022
Net Income $ 20,457 $ 19,757
Change in fair value of investment securities available for sale, net of tax of $4,517 and $(12,113), respectively 16,890 (43,482)
Amortization of net unrealized gain for the reclassification of investment securities available for sale to held to maturity, net of tax of $(15) and $(39), respectively (60) (142)
Reclassification adjustment for net loss from sale of investment securities available for sale included in income, net of tax of $63 and $0, respectively 223 —
Other comprehensive income (loss) 17,053 (43,624)
Comprehensive income (loss) $ 37,510 $ (23,867)

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Table of Contents

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except shares and per share amounts)

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Number of<br>common<br>shares Common<br>stock Retained<br>earnings AOCI Total<br>stockholders’<br>equity
Balance at December 31, 2022 35,106,697 $ 552,397 $ 345,346 $ (99,850) $ 797,893
Restricted stock units vested 116,502 — — — —
Stock-based compensation expense — 1,099 — — 1,099
Common stock repurchased (115,079) (2,627) — — (2,627)
Net income — — 20,457 — 20,457
Other comprehensive income, net of tax — — — 17,053 17,053
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.22 per share) — — (7,793) — (7,793)
Balance at March 31, 2023 35,108,120 $ 550,869 $ 358,010 $ (82,797) $ 826,082
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Number of<br>common<br>shares Common<br>stock Retained<br>earnings AOCI Total<br>stockholders’<br>equity
Balance at December 31, 2021 35,105,779 $ 551,798 $ 293,238 $ 9,396 $ 854,432
Restricted stock units vested 101,683 — — — —
Stock-based compensation expense — 950 — — 950
Common stock repurchased (105,090) (2,652) — — (2,652)
Net income — — 19,757 — 19,757
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax — — — (43,624) (43,624)
Cash dividends declared on common stock ($0.21 per share) — — (7,414) — (7,414)
Balance at March 31, 2022 35,102,372 $ 550,096 $ 305,581 $ (34,228) $ 821,449

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Table of Contents

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

(In thousands)

March 31,
2023 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income $ 20,457 $ 19,757
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation, amortization and accretion 807 (1,572)
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses 1,825 (3,577)
Stock-based compensation expense 1,099 950
Amortization of intangible assets 623 704
Origination of mortgage loans held for sale (1,351) (5,833)
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans held for sale 1,400 6,408
Bank owned life insurance income (709) (1,695)
Valuation adjustment on interest rate swaps — (53)
Gain on sale of mortgage loans held for sale, net (49) (241)
Loss on sale of investment securities available for sale, net 286 —
Gain on sale of assets held for sale — (204)
Other (991) (3,716)
Net cash provided by operating activities 23,397 10,928
Cash flows from investing activities:
Loan originations and purchases, net of payments (75,839) (988)
Maturities and repayments of investment securities available for sale 26,949 42,327
Maturities and repayments of investment securities held to maturity 5,995 6,644
Purchase of investment securities available for sale (14,994) (244,409)
Purchase of investment securities held to maturity — (45,849)
Purchase of premises and equipment (4,653) (724)
Purchase of bank owned life insurance — (105)
Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank stock (28,604) (983)
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available for sale 22,688 —
Proceeds from redemption of Federal Home Loan Bank stock 13,823 —
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment 2 1,173
Capital contributions to low-income housing tax credit partnerships (369) —
Net cash provided by investing activities (55,002) (242,914)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net (decrease) increase in deposits (135,818) 97,210
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 715,100 —
Repayment of Federal Home Loan Bank advances (332,000) —
Common stock cash dividends paid (7,723) (7,372)
Net decrease in securities sold under agreement to repurchase (7,436) (1,770)
Repurchase of common stock (2,627) (2,652)
Net cash provided by financing activities 229,496 85,416
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 197,891 (146,570)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 103,590 1,723,292
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 301,481 $ 1,576,722

Table of Contents

March 31,
2023 2022
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest $ 6,501 $ 1,555
Supplemental non-cash disclosures of cash flow information:
Investment in LIHTC partnership and related funding commitment 12 670
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities 1,296 55

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).

Table of Contents

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)

(1)Description of Business, Basis of Presentation, Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

(a) Description of Business

The Company is primarily engaged in the business of planning, directing and coordinating the business activities of its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank. The Bank is headquartered in Olympia, Washington and conducts business from its 51 branch offices located throughout Washington State, the greater Portland, Oregon area, Eugene, Oregon and Boise, Idaho. The Bank’s business consists primarily of commercial lending and deposit relationships with small and medium-sized businesses and their owners in its market areas and attracting deposits from the general public. The Bank also makes real estate construction and land development loans, consumer loans and originates first mortgage loans on residential properties primarily located in its market areas. The Bank's deposits are insured by the FDIC subject to limitations.

(b) Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. It is recommended these unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes be read with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes included in the 2022 Annual Form 10-K. In management's opinion, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023.

To prepare unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided. Management believes the judgments, estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are appropriate based on the facts and circumstances at the time. Actual results, however, could differ significantly from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to management's estimate of the ACL on investment securities, management's estimate of the ACL on loans, management's estimate of the ACL on unfunded commitments, management's evaluation of goodwill impairment and management's estimate of the fair value of financial instruments.

The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiary, the Bank. All significant intercompany balances and transactions among the Company and the Bank have been eliminated in consolidation.

There have been reclassifications in certain prior year amounts in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Reclassifications had no effect on the prior year's net income or stockholders’ equity.

(c) Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies used in preparation of the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are disclosed in greater detail in the 2022 Annual Form 10-K. There have not been any material changes in the Company's significant accounting policies from those contained in the 2022 Annual Form 10-K during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

(d) Recently Issued or Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

FASB ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), as amended by ASU 2021-01, and ASU 2022-06 was issued in March 2020 and provides optional guidance for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for (or recognizing the effects of) reference rate reform on financial reporting. The amendments in this ASU are effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020. In December 2022, FASB amended this ASU and deferred the sunset date of Topic 848 from December 31, 2022, to December 31, 2024. The amendments are elective, apply to all entities, and provide optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. The Bank’s interest rate swap-related transactions are the majority of the Company's LIBOR exposure. Effective January 25, 2021, the Company adhered to the Interbank Offered Rate Fallbacks Protocol as published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. and recommended by the Alternative Reference Rates Committee. The Company does not expect the adoption of this ASU to have a material impact on its business operations or Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

FASB ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, was issued in March 2022. The ASU eliminates the accounting guidance for TDR loans by creditors while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Specifically, rather than applying the recognition and measurement guidance for TDRs, the entity will apply the loan refinancing and restructuring guidance to determine whether a modification or other form of restructuring results in a new loan or continuation of an existing loan. Additionally, the ASU requires public business entities to disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases. These amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years, since the Company previously adopted the amendments in ASU 2016-13. Early adoption is permitted in any interim period if an entity has adopted ASU 2016-13 and

Table of Contents

such election may be made individually to adopt the guidance related to TDRs, including related disclosures, and the presentation of gross write-offs in the vintage disclosure. This update requires prospective transition for the disclosures related to loan restructurings for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty and the presentation of gross write-offs in the vintage disclosures. The guidance related to the recognition and measurement of TDRs may be adopted on a prospective or modified retrospective transition method.

The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 on a prospective basis January 1, 2023. The Company elected at the date of adoption to account for existing TDR loans as of December 31, 2022 under the Company's TDR accounting policy which is disclosed in the 2022 Annual Form 10-K. All loan modifications post adoption are accounted for under the loan modification guidance in ASC 310-20. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on business operations or the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

(2)Investment Securities

The Company’s investment policy is designed primarily to provide and maintain liquidity, generate a favorable return on assets without incurring undue interest rate and credit risk, and complement the Bank’s lending activities.

There were no investment securities classified as trading at March 31, 2023 or December 31, 2022.

(a) Investment Securities by Classification, Type and Maturity

The following tables present the amortized cost and fair value of investment securities, and the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized and unrecognized gains and losses including the corresponding amounts of gross unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available for sale recognized in AOCI, at the dates indicated:

March 31, 2023
Amortized<br>Cost Gross<br>Unrealized<br>Gains Gross<br>Unrealized<br>Losses Fair<br>Value
(In thousands)
Investment securities available for sale:
U.S. government and agency securities $ 68,514 $ — $ (3,964) $ 64,550
Municipal securities 146,525 218 (14,246) 132,497
Residential CMO and MBS 481,380 — (47,668) 433,712
Commercial CMO and MBS 704,156 47 (40,706) 663,497
Corporate obligations 4,000 — (183) 3,817
Other asset-backed securities 20,394 — (395) 19,999
Total $ 1,424,969 $ 265 $ (107,162) $ 1,318,072 March 31, 2023
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Amortized<br>Cost Gross<br>Unrecognized<br>Gains Gross<br>Unrecognized<br>Losses Fair<br>Value
(In thousands)
Investment securities held to maturity:
U.S. government and agency securities $ 150,969 $ — $ (28,298) $ 122,671
Residential CMO and MBS 285,337 12 (12,315) 273,034
Commercial CMO and MBS 323,857 — (34,915) 288,942
Total $ 760,163 $ 12 $ (75,528) $ 684,647 December 31, 2022
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Amortized<br>Cost Gross<br>Unrealized<br>Gains Gross<br>Unrealized<br>Losses Fair<br>Value
(In thousands)
Investment securities available for sale:
U.S. government and agency securities $ 68,912 $ — $ (5,053) $ 63,859
Municipal securities 171,087 172 (18,233) 153,026
Residential CMO and MBS 479,473 — (55,087) 424,386
Commercial CMO and MBS 714,136 19 (49,734) 664,421

Table of Contents

December 31, 2022
Amortized<br>Cost Gross<br>Unrealized<br>Gains Gross<br>Unrealized<br>Losses Fair<br>Value
(In thousands)
Corporate obligations 4,000 — (166) 3,834
Other asset-backed securities 22,425 14 (522) 21,917
Total $ 1,460,033 $ 205 $ (128,795) $ 1,331,443 December 31, 2022
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Amortized<br>Cost Gross<br>Unrecognized<br>Gains Gross<br>Unrecognized<br>Losses Fair<br>Value
(In thousands)
Investment securities held to maturity:
U.S. government and agency securities $ 150,936 $ — $ (33,585) $ 117,351
Residential CMO and MBS 290,318 — (17,440) 272,878
Commercial CMO and MBS 325,142 — (41,937) 283,205
Total $ 766,396 $ — $ (92,962) $ 673,434

The following table presents the amortized cost and fair value of investment securities by contractual maturity at the date indicated. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because certain borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

March 31, 2023
Securities Available for Sale Securities Held to Maturity
Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value
(In thousands)
Due in one year or less $ 29,254 $ 28,962 $ — $ —
Due after one year through five years 38,323 36,884 — —
Due after five years through ten years 43,983 41,429 83,235 70,107
Due after ten years 107,479 93,589 67,734 52,564
Total investment securities due at a single maturity date 219,039 200,864 150,969 122,671
Mortgage-backed securities (1) 1,205,930 1,117,208 609,194 561,976
Total investment securities $ 1,424,969 $ 1,318,072 $ 760,163 $ 684,647

(1) Mortgage-backed securities, which have prepayment provisions, are not assigned to maturity categories due to fluctuations in their payment speed.

There were no holdings of investment securities of any one issuer, other than the U.S. government and its agencies, in an amount greater than 10% of stockholders’ equity at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

(b) Unrealized Losses on Investment Securities Available for Sale

The following tables present the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s investment securities available for sale for which an ACL on investment securities available for sale has not been recorded, aggregated by investment category and length of time the individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at the dates indicated:

March 31, 2023
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
Fair<br>Value Unrealized<br>Losses Fair<br>Value Unrealized<br>Losses Fair<br>Value Unrealized<br>Losses
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency securities $ — $ — $ 64,550 $ (3,964) $ 64,550 $ (3,964)
Municipal securities 5,677 (37) 92,518 (14,209) 98,195 (14,246)
Residential CMO and MBS(1) 142,665 (3,401) 291,047 (44,267) 433,712 (47,668)
Commercial CMO and MBS(1) 350,217 (7,332) 289,192 (33,374) 639,409 (40,706)

Table of Contents

March 31, 2023
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
Fair<br>Value Unrealized<br>Losses Fair<br>Value Unrealized<br>Losses Fair<br>Value Unrealized<br>Losses
(In thousands)
Corporate obligations 3,817 (183) — — 3,817 (183)
Other asset-backed securities 9,248 (52) 10,145 (343) 19,393 (395)
Total $ 511,624 $ (11,005) $ 747,452 $ (96,157) $ 1,259,076 $ (107,162)

(1) U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations.

December 31, 2022
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or Longer Total
Fair<br>Value Unrealized<br>Losses Fair<br>Value Unrealized<br>Losses Fair<br>Value Unrealized<br>Losses
(In thousands)
U.S. government and agency securities $ 51,900 $ (2,031) $ 11,959 $ (3,022) $ 63,859 $ (5,053)
Municipal securities 82,580 (5,585) 40,945 (12,648) 123,525 (18,233)
Residential CMO and MBS(1) 217,949 (14,770) 206,437 (40,317) 424,386 (55,087)
Commercial CMO and MBS(1) 473,580 (16,971) 181,692 (32,763) 655,272 (49,734)
Corporate obligations 3,834 (166) — — 3,834 (166)
Other asset-backed securities 16,489 (510) 721 (12) 17,210 (522)
Total $ 846,332 $ (40,033) $ 441,754 $ (88,762) $ 1,288,086 $ (128,795)

(1) U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations.

(c) ACL on Investment Securities

The Company evaluated investment securities available for sale as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and determined that any declines in fair value were attributable to changes in interest rates relative to where these investments fall within the yield curve and individual characteristics. Management monitors published credit ratings for adverse changes for all rated investment securities and none of these securities had a below investment grade credit rating as of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. In addition, the Company does not intend to sell these securities nor does the Company consider it more likely than not that it will be required to sell these securities before the recovery of the amortized cost basis, which may be upon maturity. Therefore, no ACL on investment securities available for sale was recorded as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

The Company also evaluated investment securities held to maturity for current expected credit losses as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. There were no investment securities held to maturity classified as nonaccrual or past due as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and all were issued by the U.S. government and its agencies and either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government, highly rated by major credit rating agencies and had a long history of no credit losses. Accordingly, the Company did not measure expected credit losses on investment securities held to maturity since the historical credit loss information adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts results in an expectation that nonpayment of the amortized cost basis is zero. Therefore, no ACL on investment securities held to maturity was recorded as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

(d) Realized Gains and Losses

The following table presents the gross realized gains and losses on the sale of investment securities available for sale for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended<br>March 31,
2023 2022
(In thousands)
Gross realized gains $ 36 $ —
Gross realized losses (322) —
Net realized loss $ (286) $ —

Table of Contents

(e) Pledged Securities

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value of investment securities that were pledged as collateral for the following obligations at the dates indicated:

March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
Amortized<br>Cost Fair<br>Value Amortized<br>Cost Fair<br>Value
(In thousands)
Washington and Oregon state public deposits $ 214,331 $ 203,452 $ 156,784 $ 137,931
Federal Reserve Bank credit facility 656,858 588,576 60,660 49,506
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase 49,795 45,832 63,685 55,836
Other securities pledged 54,341 48,846 54,910 48,358
Total $ 975,325 $ 886,706 $ 336,039 $ 291,631

(f) Accrued Interest Receivable

Accrued interest receivable excluded from the amortized cost of investment securities available for sale totaled $4.3 million and $4.8 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accrued interest receivable excluded from the amortized cost on investment securities held to maturity totaled $2.3 million and $2.4 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

No amounts of accrued interest receivable on investment securities available for sale or held to maturity were reversed against interest income on investment securities during three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

(G) Non-Marketable Securities

At December 31, 2022, as a member bank of Visa U.S.A., we held 6,549 shares of Visa Inc. Class B common stock. These shares had a carrying value of zero and were restricted from resale to non-member banks of Visa U.S.A. until their conversion into Class A (voting) shares upon the termination of Visa Inc.'s Covered Litigation escrow account. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Bank sold all shares of Visa Inc. Class B common stock and recognized a $1.6 million gain which is included in other income.

(3)Loans Receivable

The Bank originates loans in the ordinary course of business and has also acquired loans through mergers and acquisitions. Accrued interest receivable was excluded from disclosures presenting the Bank's amortized cost of loans receivable as it was deemed insignificant. In addition to originating loans, the Bank may also purchase loans through pool purchases, participation purchases and syndicated loan purchases.

(a) Loan Origination/Risk Management

The Bank categorizes the individual loans in the total loan portfolio into four segments: commercial business; residential real estate; real estate construction and land development; and consumer. Within these segments are classes of loans for which management monitors and assesses credit risk in the loan portfolios. A detailed description of the portfolio segments and classes is contained in the 2022 Annual Form 10-K.

The Bank has certain lending policies and guidelines in place that are designed to maximize loan income within an acceptable level of risk. Management reviews and approves these policies and guidelines on a regular basis. A reporting system supplements the review process by providing management with frequent reports related to loan production, loan quality, concentrations of credit, loan delinquencies and nonperforming and criticized loans. The Bank also conducts internal loan reviews and validates the credit risk assessment on a periodic basis and presents the results of these reviews to management. The loan review process complements and reinforces the risk identification and assessment decisions made by loan officers and credit personnel.

The amortized cost of loans receivable, net of ACL on loans, consisted of the following portfolio segments and classes at the dates indicated:

March 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
(In thousands)
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial $ 684,998 $ 692,100
SBA PPP 900 1,468
Owner-occupied CRE 949,064 937,040

Table of Contents

March 31,<br>2023 December 31,<br>2022
(In thousands)
Non-owner occupied CRE 1,601,789 1,586,632
Total commercial business 3,236,751 3,217,240
Residential real estate 363,777 343,631
Real estate construction and land development:
Residential 72,926 80,074
Commercial and multifamily 270,547 214,038
Total real estate construction and land development 343,473 294,112
Consumer 183,471 195,875
Loans receivable 4,127,472 4,050,858
Allowance for credit losses on loans (44,469) (42,986)
Loans receivable, net $ 4,083,003 $ 4,007,872
Balances included in the amortized cost of loans receivable:
Unamortized net discount on acquired loans $ (2,249) $ (2,501)
Unamortized net deferred fee $ (10,355) $ (10,016)

(b) Concentrations of Credit

Most of the Bank’s lending activity occurs within its primary market areas which are concentrated along the I-5 corridor from Whatcom County, Washington to Lane County, Oregon, as well as Yakima County in Washington and Ada County in Idaho. Additionally, the Bank's loan portfolio is concentrated in commercial business loans, which include commercial and industrial, SBA PPP, owner-occupied and nonowner-occupied CRE, and commercial and multifamily real estate construction and land development loans. Commercial business loans, excluding SBA PPP loans, are generally considered as having a more inherent risk of default than residential real estate loans or other consumer loans. Also, the commercial loan balance per borrower is typically larger than that for residential real estate loans and consumer loans, implying higher potential losses on an individual loan basis.

(c) Credit Quality Indicators

As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Bank’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to (i) the risk grade of the loans, (ii) the level of classified loans, (iii) net charge-offs, (iv) nonperforming loans, (v) past due status, and (vi) the general economic conditions of the United States of America, and specifically the states of Washington and Oregon.

The Bank utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a risk grade to each of its loans. Loans are graded on a scale of 1 to 10. Risk grades are aggregated to create the risk categories of Pass for grades 1 to 6, Special Mention or "SM" for grade 7, Substandard or "SS" for grade 8, Doubtful for grade 9 and Loss for grade 10. Descriptions of the general characteristics of the risk grades, including qualitative information on how the risk grades relate to the risk of loss, are contained in the 2022 Annual Form 10-K. Numerical loan grades for loans are established at the origination of the loan. Changes to loan grades are considered at the time new information about the performance of a loan becomes available, including the receipt of updated financial information from the borrower, results of annual term loan reviews and scheduled loan reviews. For consumer loans, the Bank follows the FDIC’s Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy for subsequent classification in the event of payment delinquencies or default. Typically, an individual loan grade will not be changed from the prior period unless there is a specific indication of credit deterioration or improvement. Credit deterioration is evidenced by delinquency, direct communications with the borrower or other borrower information that becomes known to management. Credit improvements are evidenced by known facts regarding the borrower or the collateral property.

Loan grades relate to the likelihood of losses in that the higher the grade, the greater the loss potential. Loans with a pass grade may have some estimated inherent losses, but to a lesser extent than the other loan grades. The SM loan grade is transitory in that the Bank is waiting on additional information to determine the likelihood and extent of any potential loss. The likelihood of loss for SM graded loans, however, is greater than Watch graded loans because there has been measurable credit deterioration. Loans with a SS grade have further credit deterioration and include both accrual loans and nonaccrual loans. For Doubtful and Loss graded loans, the Bank is almost certain of the losses and the outstanding principal balances are generally charged off to the realizable value.

The following table presents the amortized cost of loans receivable by risk grade and origination year at the dates indicated. The Bank adopted the vintage disclosure requirements of ASU 2022-02 prospectively as described in Note 1 beginning in January 2023.

Table of Contents

Accordingly, the following vintage table reflects the gross charge-offs by loan class and year of origination for the date indicated:

March 31, 2023
Term Loans<br>Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted (1) Loans Receivable
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior
(In thousands)
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial
Pass $ 21,299 $ 171,005 $ 91,228 $ 79,267 $ 54,430 $ 98,811 $ 126,167 $ 118 $ 642,325
SM — 200 206 434 4,567 5,415 17,784 — 28,606
SS — 1,130 176 1,642 3,326 4,854 2,939 — 14,067
Total 21,299 172,335 91,610 81,343 62,323 109,080 146,890 118 684,998
SBA PPP
Pass — — 804 96 — — — — 900
Owner-occupied CRE
Pass 27,989 134,625 167,906 90,118 155,172 332,083 — — 907,893
SM — — 1,971 2,041 — 19,274 — — 23,286
SS — — — 667 — 17,218 — — 17,885
Total 27,989 134,625 169,877 92,826 155,172 368,575 — — 949,064
Non-owner occupied CRE
Pass 48,286 242,245 185,064 159,050 245,235 671,604 — — 1,551,484
SM — — 8,304 — 584 27,788 — — 36,676
SS — — — — — 13,629 — — 13,629
Total 48,286 242,245 193,368 159,050 245,819 713,021 — — 1,601,789
Total commercial business
Pass 97,574 547,875 445,002 328,531 454,837 1,102,498 126,167 118 3,102,602
SM — 200 10,481 2,475 5,151 52,477 17,784 — 88,568
SS — 1,130 176 2,309 3,326 35,701 2,939 — 45,581
Total 97,574 549,205 455,659 333,315 463,314 1,190,676 146,890 118 3,236,751
Commercial business gross charge-offs
Current period — — — 61 — 100 — — 161
Residential real estate
Pass(1) 18,666 133,415 151,041 25,500 16,680 18,232 — — 363,534
SS — — — 74 — 169 — — 243
Total 18,666 133,415 151,041 25,574 16,680 18,401 — — 363,777
Residential real estate gross charge-offs:
Current period — — — — — — — — —
Real estate construction and land development:
Residential
Pass 4,995 44,885 16,392 1,804 2,969 1,881 — — 72,926
Commercial and multifamily
Pass 6,245 105,433 139,246 6,721 794 3,457 — — 261,896
SM — — — 2,577 5,687 — — — 8,264
SS — — — — — 387 — — 387
Total 6,245 105,433 139,246 9,298 6,481 3,844 — — 270,547

Table of Contents

March 31, 2023
Term Loans<br>Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted (1) Loans Receivable
2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 Prior
Total real estate construction and land development
Pass 11,240 150,318 155,638 8,525 3,763 5,338 — — 334,822
SM — — — 2,577 5,687 — — — 8,264
SS — — — — — 387 — — 387
Total 11,240 150,318 155,638 11,102 9,450 5,725 — — 343,473
Real estate construction and land development gross writeoffs:
Current period — — — — — — — — —
Consumer
Pass 823 2,956 466 8,827 24,015 31,315 112,073 383 180,858
SS — — 11 191 515 1,328 561 7 2,613
Total 823 2,956 477 9,018 24,530 32,643 112,634 390 183,471
Consumer gross charge-offs:
Current period — — — 8 39 35 71 — 153
Loans receivable
Pass 128,303 834,564 752,147 371,383 499,295 1,157,383 238,240 501 3,981,816
SM — 200 10,481 5,052 10,838 52,477 17,784 — 96,832
SS — 1,130 187 2,574 3,841 37,585 3,500 7 48,824
Total $ 128,303 $ 835,894 $ 762,815 $ 379,009 $ 513,974 $ 1,247,445 $ 259,524 $ 508 $ 4,127,472
Gross writeoffs:
Current period total $ — $ — $ — $ 69 $ 39 $ 135 $ 71 $ — $ 314

(1) Represents the loans receivable balance at March 31, 2023 which was converted from a revolving loan to an amortizing loan during the three months ended months ended March 31, 2023.

December 31, 2022
Term Loans<br>Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted (1) Loans Receivable
2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior
(In thousands)
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial
Pass $ 168,818 $ 93,302 $ 82,437 $ 61,160 $ 33,957 $ 74,181 $ 146,795 $ 172 $ 660,822
SM 212 109 443 4,637 362 4,447 5,433 — 15,643
SS 773 188 1,710 3,465 559 5,098 3,674 168 15,635
Total 169,803 93,599 84,590 69,262 34,878 83,726 155,902 340 692,100
SBA PPP
Pass — 1,351 117 — — — — — 1,468
Owner-occupied CRE
Pass 134,432 167,927 93,834 157,096 62,876 282,212 — — 898,377
SM — 1,744 — — 2,540 16,664 — 247 21,195
SS — — 671 — 3,722 13,075 — — 17,468
Total 134,432 169,671 94,505 157,096 69,138 311,951 — 247 937,040
Non-owner-occupied CRE
Pass 240,151 189,300 160,930 258,778 121,369 561,645 — — 1,532,173
SM — 8,349 — 4,172 — 12,190 — — 24,711

Table of Contents

December 31, 2022
Term Loans<br>Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year Revolving Loans Revolving Loans Converted (1) Loans Receivable
2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior
(In thousands)
SS — — — — 3,627 26,121 — — 29,748
Total 240,151 197,649 160,930 262,950 124,996 599,956 — — 1,586,632
Total commercial business
Pass 543,401 451,880 337,318 477,034 218,202 918,038 146,795 172 3,092,840
SM 212 10,202 443 8,809 2,902 33,301 5,433 247 61,549
SS 773 188 2,381 3,465 7,908 44,294 3,674 168 62,851
Total 544,386 462,270 340,142 489,308 229,012 995,633 155,902 587 3,217,240
Residential real estate
Pass 132,510 149,934 24,668 16,803 4,207 15,337 — — 343,459
SS — — — — — 172 — — 172
Total 132,510 149,934 24,668 16,803 4,207 15,509 — — 343,631
Real estate construction and land development:
Residential
Pass 45,521 26,675 2,891 3,061 871 1,055 — — 80,074
Commercial and multifamily
Pass 71,168 123,626 6,272 1,084 2,562 995 — — 205,707
SM — — 2,213 5,687 — — — — 7,900
SS — — — 37 — 394 — — 431
Total 71,168 123,626 8,485 6,808 2,562 1,389 — — 214,038
Total real estate construction and land development
Pass 116,689 150,301 9,163 4,145 3,433 2,050 — — 285,781
SM — — 2,213 5,687 — — — — 7,900
SS — — — 37 — 394 — — 431
Total 116,689 150,301 11,376 9,869 3,433 2,444 — — 294,112
Consumer
Pass 3,379 509 9,848 27,370 15,563 19,855 116,605 435 193,564
SS — — 168 559 320 1,120 44 100 2,311
Total 3,379 509 10,016 27,929 15,883 20,975 116,649 535 195,875
Loans receivable
Pass 795,979 752,624 380,997 525,352 241,405 955,280 263,400 607 3,915,644
SM 212 10,202 2,656 14,496 2,902 33,301 5,433 247 69,449
SS 773 188 2,549 4,061 8,228 45,980 3,718 268 65,765
Total $ 796,964 $ 763,014 $ 386,202 $ 543,909 $ 252,535 $ 1,034,561 $ 272,551 $ 1,122 $ 4,050,858

1) Represents the loans receivable balance at December 31, 2022 which was converted from a revolving loan to an amortizing loan during the year ended December 31, 2022.

Table of Contents

(d) Nonaccrual Loans

The following tables present the amortized cost of nonaccrual loans for the dates indicated:

March 31, 2023
Nonaccrual without ACL Nonaccrual with ACL Total Nonaccrual
(In thousands)
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial $ 3,964 $ 641 $ 4,605
Owner-occupied CRE — 210 210
Total $ 3,964 $ 851 $ 4,815 December 31, 2022
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Nonaccrual without ACL Nonaccrual with ACL Total Nonaccrual
(In thousands)
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial $ 4,503 $ 1,154 $ 5,657
Owner-occupied CRE — 212 212
Total commercial business 4,503 1,366 5,869
Real estate construction and land development:
Commercial and multifamily — 37 37
Total $ 4,503 $ 1,403 $ 5,906

The following table presents the reversal of interest income on loans due to the write-off of accrued interest receivable upon the initial classification of loans as nonaccrual loans and the interest income recognized due to payment in full or sale of previously classified nonaccrual loans during the following periods:

Three Months Ended<br>March 31, 2023 Three Months Ended<br>March 31, 2022
Interest Income Reversed Interest Income Recognized Interest Income Reversed Interest Income Recognized
(In thousands)
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial $ (14) $ 28 $ (2) $ 139
Owner-occupied CRE — — — 53
Non-owner occupied CRE — — — 774
Total commercial business (14) 28 (2) 966
Residential real estate — — — 19
Consumer — — — 68
Total $ (14) $ 28 $ (2) $ 1,053

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, no interest income was recognized subsequent to a loan’s classification as nonaccrual, except as indicated in the tables above due to payment in full or sale.

(e) Past due loans

The Bank performs an aging analysis of past due loans using policies consistent with regulatory reporting requirements with categories of 30-89 days past due and 90 or more days past due. The amortized cost of past due loans as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows:

March 31, 2023
30-89 Days 90 Days or<br>Greater Total Past <br>Due Current Loans Receivable
(In thousands)
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial $ 1,984 $ 4,855 $ 6,839 $ 678,159 $ 684,998

Table of Contents

March 31, 2023
30-89 Days 90 Days or<br>Greater Total Past <br>Due Current Loans Receivable
(In thousands)
SBA PPP — — — 900 900
Owner-occupied CRE 840 635 1,475 947,589 949,064
Non-owner occupied CRE — — — 1,601,789 1,601,789
Total commercial business 2,824 5,490 8,314 3,228,437 3,236,751
Residential real estate 2,115 — 2,115 361,662 363,777
Real estate construction and land development:
Residential — — — 72,926 72,926
Commercial and multifamily 333 — 333 270,214 270,547
Total real estate construction and land development 333 — 333 343,140 343,473
Consumer 782 515 1,297 182,174 183,471
Total $ 6,054 $ 6,005 $ 12,059 $ 4,115,413 $ 4,127,472 December 31, 2022
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
30-89 Days 90 Days or<br>Greater Total Past <br>Due Current Loans Receivable
(In thousands)
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial $ 586 $ 6,104 $ 6,690 $ 685,410 $ 692,100
SBA PPP 236 — 236 1,232 1,468
Owner-occupied CRE — 189 189 936,851 937,040
Non-owner occupied CRE — — — 1,586,632 1,586,632
Total commercial business 822 6,293 7,115 3,210,125 3,217,240
Residential real estate 3,066 — 3,066 340,565 343,631
Real estate construction and land development:
Residential — — — 80,074 80,074
Commercial and multifamily — — — 214,038 214,038
Total real estate construction and land development — — — 294,112 294,112
Consumer 1,561 — 1,561 194,314 195,875
Total $ 5,449 $ 6,293 $ 11,742 $ 4,039,116 $ 4,050,858

Loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest were $2.3 million and $1.6 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

(f) Collateral-dependent Loans

The type of collateral securing loans individually evaluated for credit losses and for which the repayment was expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was as follows, with balances representing the amortized cost of the loan classified by the primary collateral category of each loan if multiple collateral sources secure the loan:

March 31, 2023
CRE Farmland Residential Real Estate Equipment Total
(In thousands)
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial $ 499 $ 1,977 $ 664 $ 468 $ 3,608
Owner-occupied CRE 189 — — — 189
Total $ 688 $ 1,977 $ 664 $ 468 $ 3,797

Table of Contents

December 31, 2022
CRE Farmland Residential Real Estate Equipment Total
(In thousands)
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial $ 1,239 $ 1,977 $ 929 $ — $ 4,145
Owner-occupied CRE 189 — — — 189
Total $ 1,428 $ 1,977 $ 929 $ — $ 4,334

There have been no significant changes to the collateral securing loans individually evaluated for credit losses and for which repayment was expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral during the three months ended March 31, 2023, except changes due to additions or removals of loans in this classification.

(g) Modification of Loans

In January 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” (“ASU 2022-02”), which eliminated the accounting guidance TDRs while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. This guidance was applied on a prospective basis.

Modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty may include interest rate reductions, principal or interest forgiveness, term extensions, and other actions intended to minimize economic loss and to avoid foreclosure or repossession of collateral.

The following table presents modifications of loans by type of modification at amortized cost that were modified as a result of experiencing both financial difficulty and modified during the period indicated:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Term Extension Term Extension & Int. Rate Reduction Total Modified Loans % of Modified Loans to Loans Receivable, net
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial $ 286 $ — $ 286 0.04 %
Non-owner occupied CRE 2,749 — 2,749 0.17
Total commercial business 3,035 — 3,035 0.09
Consumer — 25 25 0.01
Total $ 3,035 $ 25 $ 3,060 0.07 %

The following table presents the financial effect of the loan modifications presented in the preceding table during the the period indicated:

Three Months Ended<br>March 31, 2023
Weighted Average % of Interest Rate Reductions Weighted Average Years of Term Extensions
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial — % 0.44
Non-owner occupied CRE — 1.00
Total commercial business — 0.95
Consumer 1.00 2.12
Total 1.00 % 0.96

There were no modified loans past due or on nonaccrual as of March 31, 2023.

There were no modified loans made during the three months ended March 31, 2023, that subsequently defaulted.

Table of Contents

(h) Accrued interest receivable on loans receivable

Accrued interest receivable on loans receivable totaled $11.7 million and $11.3 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and is excluded from the calculation of the ACL on loans as interest accrued, but not received, is reversed timely.

(i) Foreclosure proceedings in process

At March 31, 2023, there were no consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process.

(4)Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans

The Company's methodology for determining the ACL on loans is based upon key assumptions, including the lookback periods, historic net charge-off factors, economic forecasts, reversion periods, prepayments and qualitative adjustments. The allowance is measured on a collective, or pool, basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Loans that do not share common risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis and are excluded from the collective evaluation. For a description of the Company's ACL policy, see Note 1 - Description of Business, Basis of Presentation, Significant Accounting Policies and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements included in Item 8. Financial Statements And Supplementary Data in our 2022 Annual Form 10-K.

GAAP requires the Company to develop reasonable and supportable forecasts of future conditions, and estimate how those forecasts are expected to impact a borrower’s ability to satisfy their obligation to the Company and the ultimate collectability of future cash flows over the life of a loan. The Company uses macroeconomic scenarios from an independent third party. These scenarios are based on past events, current conditions, and the likelihood of future events occurring. The Company’s ACL model at March 31, 2023 includes assumptions concerning the rising interest rate environment, ongoing inflationary pressures throughout the U.S. economy, higher energy prices, and general uncertainty concerning future economic conditions, and the potential for recessionary conditions.

The Company recognizes that historical information used as the basis for determining future expected credit losses may not always, by itself, provide a sufficient basis for determining future expected credit losses. The Company, therefore, considers the need for qualitative adjustments to the ACL on a quarterly basis. Qualitative adjustments may be related to and include, but not be limited to, factors such as: (i) management’s assessment of economic forecasts used in the model and how those forecasts align with management’s overall evaluation of current and expected economic conditions, (ii) organization specific risks such as credit concentrations, collateral specific risks, regulatory risks, and external factors that may ultimately impact credit quality, (iii) potential model limitations such as limitations identified through back-testing, and other limitations associated with factors such as underwriting changes, acquisition of new portfolios and changes in portfolio segmentation, and (iv) management’s overall assessment of the adequacy of the ACL, including an assessment of model data inputs used to determine the ACL.

As of March 31, 2023, qualitative adjustments primarily relate to certain segments of the loan portfolio deemed by management to be of a higher-risk profile where management believes the quantitative component of the Company’s ACL model may not have fully captured the associated impact to the ACL. In addition, qualitative adjustments also relate to heightened uncertainty as to future macroeconomic conditions and the related impact on certain loan segments. Management reviews the need for an appropriate level of qualitative adjustments on a quarterly basis, and as such, the amount and allocation of qualitative adjustments may change in future periods.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the ACL on loans increased $1.5 million, or 3.4%, due primarily to a provision for credit losses on loans of $1.7 million driven by growth in loans receivable and changes in loan mix primarily due to the increase in commercial and multifamily construction loans.

The following table presents a summary of the changes in the ACL for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended<br>March 31,
2023 2022
(In thousands)
Beginning balance $ 42,986 $ 42,361
Charge-offs (314) (355)
Recoveries of loans previously charged-off 84 849
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses 1,713 (2,522)
Ending balance $ 44,469 $ 40,333

Table of Contents

The following tables detail the activity in the ACL on loans by segment and class for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
Beginning Balance Charge-offs Recoveries Provision for (Reversal of) Credit Losses Ending Balance
(In thousands)
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial $ 13,962 $ (161) $ 51 $ (286) $ 13,566
Owner-occupied CRE 7,480 — — 45 7,525
Non-owner occupied CRE 9,276 — — (430) 8,846
Total commercial business 30,718 (161) 51 (671) 29,937
Residential real estate 2,872 — — 30 2,902
Real estate construction and land development:
Residential 1,654 — — (112) 1,542
Commercial and multifamily 5,409 — — 2,034 7,443
Total real estate construction and land development 7,063 — — 1,922 8,985
Consumer 2,333 (153) 33 432 2,645
Total $ 42,986 $ (314) $ 84 $ 1,713 $ 44,469
Three Months Ended March 31, 2022
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Beginning Balance Charge-offs Recoveries (Reversal of) Provision for Credit Losses Ending Balance
(In thousands)
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial $ 17,777 $ (163) $ 272 $ (2,621) $ 15,265
Owner-occupied CRE 6,411 (36) — 710 7,085
Non-owner occupied CRE 8,861 — — 721 9,582
Total commercial business 33,049 (199) 272 (1,190) 31,932
Residential real estate 1,409 (30) 3 421 1,803
Real estate construction and land development:
Residential 1,304 — 8 (188) 1,124
Commercial and multifamily 3,972 — — (797) 3,175
Total real estate construction and land development 5,276 — 8 (985) 4,299
Consumer 2,627 (126) 566 (768) 2,299
Total $ 42,361 $ (355) $ 849 $ (2,522) $ 40,333

(5)Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

(a) Goodwill

There were no additions to goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. Additionally, management analyzes its goodwill on an annual basis on December 31 and between annual tests in certain circumstances such as material adverse changes in legal, business, regulatory and economic factors. An impairment loss is recorded to the extent the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. The Company performed an annual impairment assessment as of December 31, 2022 and concluded that there was no impairment.

(b) Other Intangible Assets

Other intangible assets represent core deposit intangible acquired in business combinations with estimated useful lives of ten years. There were no additions to other intangible assets during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

(6)Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company utilizes interest rate swap derivative contracts to facilitate the needs of its commercial customers

Table of Contents

whereby it enters into an interest rate swap with a customer while at the same time entering into an offsetting interest rate swap with another financial institution. The transaction allows the Company’s customer to effectively convert a variable rate loan to a fixed rate loan, or a fixed rate loan to a variable rate loan, and the Company recognizes immediate income based upon the difference in the bid/ask spread of the underlying transactions with its customers and the third-party. These interest rate swaps are not designated as hedging instruments.

The Company is exposed to interest rate risk as part of the transaction. However, the Company acts as an intermediary for its customer therefore changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts for the most part offset each other and do not significantly impact the Company’s results of operations.

Fee income related to interest rate swap derivative contract transactions is recorded in Interest rate swap fees on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The fair value of derivative positions outstanding is included in Prepaid expenses and other assets and Accrued expenses and other liabilities in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The gains and losses due to changes in fair value and all cash flows are included in Other income in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, but typically net to zero based on the identical back-to-back interest rate swap derivative contracts unless a credit valuation adjustment is recorded to appropriately reflect nonperformance risk in the fair value measurement. Various factors impact changes in the credit valuation adjustments over time, including changes in the risk ratings of the parties to the contracts, as well as changes in market rates and volatilities, which affect the total expected exposure of the derivative instruments.

The following table presents the notional amounts and estimated fair values of interest rate derivative contracts outstanding at the dates indicated:

March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
Notional Amounts Estimated Fair Value Notional Amounts Estimated Fair Value
(In thousands)
Non-hedging interest rate derivatives
Interest rate swap asset (1) $ 288,320 24,498 $ 288,785 $ 30,107
Interest rate swap liability (1) 288,320 (24,498) 288,785 (30,107)

(1) The estimated fair value of derivatives with customers was $(24.3) million and $(30.1) million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The estimated fair value of derivatives with third-parties was $24.3 million and $30.1 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The Company is exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by the counterparty to these agreements. Credit risk for derivatives with the customer is controlled through the credit approval process, amount limits, and monitoring procedures and is concentrated within our primary market areas. Credit risk for derivatives with third-parties is concentrated among four well-known broker dealers.

(7)Stockholders’ Equity

(a) Earnings Per Common Share

The following table illustrates the calculation of weighted average shares used for earnings per common share computations for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended<br>March 31,
2023 2022
(In thousands, except shares)
Net income:
Net income $ 20,457 $ 19,757
Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities (1) — —
Net income allocated to common shareholders $ 20,457 $ 19,757
Basic:
Weighted average common shares outstanding 35,108,390 35,094,725
Diluted:
Basic weighted average common shares outstanding 35,108,390 35,094,725
Effect of potentially dilutive common shares (1) 336,950 317,373
Total diluted weighted average common shares outstanding 35,445,340 35,412,098

Table of Contents

Three Months Ended<br>March 31,
2023 2022
(In thousands, except shares)
Potentially dilutive shares that were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would be anti-dilutive (2) 88,488 17,041

(1)Represents the effect of the vesting of restricted stock units.

(2) Anti-dilution occurs when the unrecognized compensation cost per share of a restricted stock unit exceeds the market price of the Company’s stock.

(b) Dividends

The timing and amount of cash dividends paid on the Company's common stock depends on the Company’s earnings, capital requirements, financial condition and other relevant factors. Dividends on common stock from the Company depend substantially upon receipt of dividends from the Bank, which is the Company’s predominant source of income.

The following table summarizes the dividend activity during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the calendar year 2022:

Declared Cash Dividend per Share Record Date Paid Date
January 26, 2022 $0.21 February 9, 2022 February 23, 2022
April 20, 2022 $0.21 May 4, 2022 May 18, 2022
July 20, 2022 $0.21 August 3, 2022 August 17, 2022
October 19, 2022 $0.21 November 2, 2022 November 16, 2022
January 25, 2023 $0.22 February 8, 2023 February 22, 2023

The FDIC and the Washington State Department of Financial Institutions, Division of Banks have the authority under their supervisory powers to prohibit the payment of dividends by the Bank to the Company. Additionally, current guidance from the Federal Reserve provides, among other things, that dividends per share on the Company’s common stock generally should not exceed earnings per share, measured over the previous four fiscal quarters. Current regulations allow the Company and the Bank to pay dividends on their common stock if the Company’s or the Bank’s regulatory capital would not be reduced below the statutory capital requirements set by the Federal Reserve and the FDIC.

(c) Stock Repurchase Program

The Company has had various stock repurchase programs since March 1999. On March 12, 2020, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to 5% of the Company's outstanding common shares, or 1,799,054 shares, under the twelfth stock repurchase plan with 549,859 shares remaining available for repurchase as of March 31, 2023. The number, timing and price of shares repurchased under the twelfth stock repurchase plan will depend on business and market conditions and other factors, including opportunities to deploy the Company's capital.

The following table provides total repurchased shares and average share prices under the repurchase plan for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended<br>March 31,
2023 2022 Plan Total(1)
Repurchased shares 88,355 80,559 1,249,195
Stock repurchase average share price $ 22.82 $ 25.17 $ 23.86

(1)Represents total shares repurchased and average price per share paid during the duration of the repurchase plan.

In addition to the stock repurchases under a stock repurchase plan, the Company repurchases shares to pay withholding taxes on the vesting of restricted stock awards and units. The following table provides total shares repurchased to pay withholding taxes during the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended<br>March 31,
2023 2022
Repurchased shares to pay withholding taxes 26,724 24,531
Stock repurchase to pay withholding taxes average share price $ 22.84 $ 25.46

Table of Contents

(8)Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair values:

Level 1: Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in active exchange markets, or interest in open-end mutual funds that allow the Company to sell its ownership interest back to the fund at net asset value on a daily basis. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets, liabilities, or funds.

Level 2: Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in less active dealer or broker markets, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or valuations using methodologies with observable inputs.

Level 3: Valuations for assets and liabilities that are derived from other valuation methodologies, such as option pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques using unobservable inputs, and not based on market exchange, dealer, or broker traded transactions. Level 3 valuations incorporate certain assumptions and projections in determining the fair value assigned to such assets or liabilities.

(a) Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis

The Company used the following methods and significant assumptions to measure the fair value of certain assets on a recurring and nonrecurring basis:

Investment Securities:

The fair values of all investment securities are based upon the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the security. If available, fair values of investment securities are determined by quoted market prices (Level 1). For investment securities where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are calculated based on market prices on similar securities (Level 2). For investment securities where quoted prices or market prices of similar securities are not available, fair values are calculated by using observable and unobservable inputs such as discounted cash flows or other market indicators (Level 3). Investment security valuations are obtained from third-party pricing services.

Collateral-Dependent Loans:

Collateral-dependent loans are identified for the calculation of the ACL on loans. The fair value used to measure credit loss for this type of loan is commonly based on recent real estate appraisals which are generally obtained at least every 18 months or earlier if there are changes to risk characteristics of the underlying loan. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by independent appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. The Bank also incorporates an estimate of cost to sell the collateral when the sale is probable. Such adjustments may be significant and result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value. Non-real estate collateral may be valued using an appraisal, net book value based on the borrower’s financial statements or aging reports, adjusted or discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of the valuation and management’s expertise and knowledge of the customer and customer’s business (Level 3). Individually evaluated loans are analyzed for credit loss on a quarterly basis and the ACL on loans is adjusted as required based on the results.

Appraisals on collateral-dependent loans are performed by certified general appraisers for commercial properties or certified residential appraisers for residential properties whose qualifications and licenses have been reviewed and verified by the Bank. Once received, the Bank's internal appraisal department reviews and approves the assumptions and approaches utilized in the appraisal as well as the resulting fair value in comparison with independent data sources such as recent market data or industry-wide statistics.

Derivative Financial Instruments:

The Bank obtains broker or dealer quotes to value its interest rate derivative contracts, which use valuation models using observable market data as of the measurement date (Level 2), and incorporates credit valuation adjustments to reflect nonperformance risk in the measurement of fair value (Level 3). Although the Bank has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its interest rate swap derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as borrower risk ratings, to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Bank assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustment on the overall valuation of its interest rate swap derivatives and determined the credit valuation adjustment was not significant to the overall valuation of its interest rate swap derivatives. As a result, the Bank has classified its interest rate swap derivative valuations in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Table of Contents

Recurring Basis

The following tables summarize the balances of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at the dates indicated:

March 31, 2023
Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(In thousands)
Assets
Investment securities available for sale:
U.S. government and agency securities $ 64,550 $ 19,865 $ 44,685 $ —
Municipal securities 132,497 — 132,497 —
Residential CMO and MBS 433,712 — 433,712 —
Commercial CMO and MBS 663,497 — 663,497 —
Corporate obligations 3,817 — 3,817 —
Other asset-backed securities 19,999 — 19,999 —
Total investment securities available for sale 1,318,072 19,865 1,298,207 —
Equity security 215 215 — —
Derivative assets - interest rate swaps 24,498 — 24,498 —
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities - interest rate swaps $ 24,498 $ — $ 24,498 $ — December 31, 2022
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(In thousands)
Assets
Investment securities available for sale:
U.S. government and agency securities $ 63,859 $ 19,779 $ 44,080 $ —
Municipal securities 153,026 5,399 147,627 —
Residential CMO and MBS 424,386 — 424,386 —
Commercial CMO and MBS 664,421 — 664,421 —
Corporate obligations 3,834 — 3,834 —
Other asset-backed securities 21,917 — 21,917 —
Total investment securities available for sale 1,331,443 25,178 1,306,265 —
Equity security 185 185 — —
Derivative assets - interest rate swaps 30,107 — 30,107 —
Liabilities
Derivative liabilities - interest rate swaps $ 30,107 $ — $ 30,107 $ —

Nonrecurring Basis

The Company may be required to measure certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. These adjustments to fair value usually result from application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write-downs of individual assets. The following tables represent assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at the dates indicated:

Fair Value at March 31, 2023
Basis(1) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(In thousands)
Collateral-dependent loans:
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial $ 220 $ 119 $ — $ — $ 119
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis $ 220 $ 119 $ — $ — $ 119

(1) Basis represents the outstanding principal balance of collateral-dependent loans.

Table of Contents

Fair Value at December 31, 2022
Basis(1) Total Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(In thousands)
Collateral-dependent loans:
Commercial business:
Owner-occupied CRE 613 182 — — 182
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis $ 613 $ 182 $ — $ — $ 182

(1) Basis represents the outstanding principal balance of collateral-dependent loans.

The following table represents the gains (losses) on collateral dependent loans and represents the amount of provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans and/or charge-offs during the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended<br>March 31,
2023 2022
(In thousands)
Collateral-dependent loans:
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial $ (100) $ (12)
Net loss from nonrecurring fair value adjustments $ (100) $ (12)

The following tables present quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements for financial instruments measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at the dates indicated:

March 31, 2023
Fair<br>Value Valuation<br>Technique(s) Unobservable Input(s) Range of Inputs; Weighted<br>Average
(Dollars in thousands)
Collateral-dependent loans $ 119 Market approach Adjustment for differences between the comparable sales N/A(1)

(1)Quantitative disclosures are not provided for collateral-dependent loans because there were no adjustments made to the appraisal or stated values during the current period.

December 31, 2022
Fair<br>Value Valuation<br>Technique(s) Unobservable Input(s) Range of Inputs; Weighted<br>Average
(Dollars in thousands)
Collateral-dependent loans $ 182 Market approach Adjustment for differences between the comparable sales N/A(1)

(1)Quantitative disclosures are not provided for collateral-dependent loans because there were no adjustments made to the appraisal or stated values during the current period.

(b) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Broadly traded markets do not exist for most of the Company’s financial instruments; therefore, the fair value calculations attempt to incorporate the effect of current market conditions at a specific time. These determinations are subjective in nature, involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and do not include tax ramifications; therefore, the results cannot be determined with precision, substantiated by comparison to independent markets and may not be realized in an actual sale or immediate settlement of the instruments. There may be inherent weaknesses in any calculation technique and changes in the underlying assumptions used, including discount rates and estimates of future cash flows, could significantly affect the results. For all of these reasons, the aggregation of the fair value calculations presented herein do not represent, and should not be construed to represent, the underlying value of the Company.

The following tables present the carrying value amount of the Company’s financial instruments and their corresponding estimated fair values at the dates indicated:

Table of Contents

March 31, 2023
Carrying<br>Value Fair<br>Value Fair Value Measurements Using:
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(In thousands)
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 301,481 $ 301,481 $ 301,481 $ — $ —
Investment securities available for sale 1,318,072 1,318,072 19,865 1,298,207 —
Investment securities held to maturity 760,163 684,647 — 684,647 —
Loans receivable, net 4,083,003 3,944,954 — — 3,944,954
Accrued interest receivable 18,548 18,548 360 6,472 11,716
Derivative assets - interest rate swaps 24,498 24,498 — 24,498 —
Equity security 215 215 215 — —
Financial Liabilities:
Non-maturity deposits $ 5,392,668 $ 5,392,668 $ 5,392,668 $ — $ —
Certificates of deposit 396,354 400,142 — 400,142 —
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 383,100 383,100 — 383,100 —
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase 39,161 39,161 39,161 — —
Junior subordinated debentures 21,546 18,750 — — 18,750
Accrued interest payable 392 392 66 252 74
Derivative liabilities - interest rate swaps 24,498 24,498 — 24,498 —
December 31, 2022
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Carrying<br>Value Fair<br>Value Fair Value Measurements Using:
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
(In thousands)
Financial Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 103,590 $ 103,590 $ 103,590 $ — $ —
Investment securities available for sale 1,331,443 1,331,443 25,178 1,306,265 —
Investment securities held to maturity 766,396 673,434 — 673,434 —
Loans receivable, net 4,007,872 3,841,821 — — 3,841,821
Accrued interest receivable 18,547 18,547 349 6,892 11,306
Derivative assets - interest rate swaps 30,107 30,107 — 30,107 —
Equity security 185 185 185 — —
Financial Liabilities:
Non-maturity deposits $ 5,617,267 $ 5,617,267 $ 5,617,267 $ — $ —
Certificates of deposit 307,573 308,325 — 308,325 —
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase 46,597 46,597 46,597 — —
Junior subordinated debentures 21,473 20,000 — — 20,000
Accrued interest payable 143 143 57 13 73
Derivative liabilities - interest rate swaps 30,107 30,107 — 30,107 —

(9)Cash Restriction

The Bank had no cash restrictions at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

(10)Commitments and Contingencies

In the ordinary course of business, the Bank may enter into various types of transactions that include commitments to extend credit that are not included in its unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The Bank applies the same

Table of Contents

credit standards to these commitments as it uses in all its lending activities and has included these commitments in its lending risk evaluations. The majority of the commitments presented below are variable rate. Loan commitments can be either revolving or non-revolving. The Bank’s exposure to credit and market risk under commitments to extend credit is represented by the amount of these commitments.

The following table presents outstanding commitments to extend credit, including letters of credit, at the dates indicated:

March 31,<br>2023 December 31, 2022
(In thousands)
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial $ 537,442 $ 548,438
Owner-occupied CRE 3,305 3,083
Non-owner occupied CRE 26,664 13,396
Total commercial business 567,411 564,917
Real estate construction and land development:
Residential 46,664 43,460
Commercial and multifamily 355,507 348,956
Total real estate construction and land development 402,171 392,416
Consumer 327,727 323,016
Total outstanding commitments $ 1,297,309 $ 1,280,349

The following table details the activity in the ACL on unfunded commitments during the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended<br>March 31,
2023 2022
(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period $ 1,744 $ 2,607
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on unfunded commitments 112 (1,055)
Balance, end of period $ 1,856 $ 1,552

ITEM 2.    MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion is intended to assist in understanding the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023. The information contained in this section should be read together with the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes included herein, the Forward-Looking Statements included herein and the December 31, 2022 audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the accompanying Notes included in our 2022 Annual Form 10-K.

Overview

Heritage Financial Corporation is a bank holding company which primarily engages in the business activities of our wholly-owned financial institution subsidiary, Heritage Bank. We provide financial services to our local communities with an ongoing strategic focus on our commercial banking relationships, market expansion and asset quality. The Company’s business activities generally are limited to passive investment activities and oversight of its investment in the Bank. Accordingly, the information set forth in this report relates primarily to the Bank’s operations.

Our business consists primarily of commercial lending and deposit relationships with small to medium sized businesses and their owners in our market areas and attracting deposits from the general public. We also make real estate construction and land development loans and consumer loans. We additionally originate for sale or for investment purposes residential real estate loans on single family properties located primarily in our markets.

Our core profitability depends primarily on our net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income, which is the income that we earn on interest earning assets, comprised primarily of loans and investment securities, and interest expense, which is the amount we pay on our interest bearing liabilities, consisting primarily of deposits. Management manages the repricing characteristics of the Company's interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities to protect net interest income from changes in market interest rates and changes in the shape of the yield curve. Like most financial institutions, our net interest income is significantly affected by general and local economic conditions, particularly changes in market interest rates including most recently significant changes as a result of inflation, and by governmental policies and actions of regulatory agencies. Net interest income is additionally affected by changes in the volume and mix of interest earning assets, interest earned on these assets, the volume and mix of interest bearing liabilities and interest paid on these liabilities.

Table of Contents

Our net income is affected by many factors, including the provision for credit losses on loans. The provision for credit losses on loans is dependent on changes in the loan portfolio and management’s assessment of the collectability of the loan portfolio as well as prevailing economic and market conditions. Management believes that the ACL on loans reflects the amount that is appropriate to provide for current expected credit losses in our loan portfolio based on our methodology.

Net income is also affected by noninterest income and noninterest expense. Noninterest income primarily consists of service charges and other fees, card revenue and other income. Noninterest expense consists primarily of compensation and employee benefits, occupancy and equipment, data processing and professional services. Compensation and employee benefits consist primarily of the salaries and wages paid to our employees, payroll taxes, expenses for retirement and other employee benefits. Occupancy and equipment expenses are the fixed and variable costs of buildings and equipment and consists primarily of lease expenses, depreciation charges, maintenance and utilities. Data processing consists primarily of processing and network services related to the Bank’s core operating system, including the account processing system, electronic payments processing of products and services, internet and mobile banking channels and software-as-a-service providers. Professional services consist primarily of third-party service providers such as auditors, consultants and lawyers.

Results of operations may also be significantly affected by general and local economic and competitive conditions, changes in accounting, tax, and regulatory rules, governmental policies and actions of regulatory authorities, including changes resulting from inflation and the governmental actions taken to address this issue. Net income is also impacted by growth of operations through organic growth or acquisitions.

Recent Developments

While economic conditions have generally improved since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, inflation has resulted in higher prices for food, energy, housing, and various supply chain inputs, among others. These inflationary pressures have persisted throughout 2022 and 2023, resulting in higher costs for consumers and businesses. To address the persistent levels of inflation, the Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”) has taken steps to tighten monetary policy through a cumulative 475 basis point increase to the federal funds rate from March 2022 through March 2023. The FOMC has stated that it remains committed to monetary policy measures that are designed to bring inflation down. The impact of these measures, including future actions taken by the FOMC, on the Company’s business are uncertain. While the recent increases in interest rates have generally resulted in higher levels of interest income for the Company, they may also reduce economic activity overall or result in recessionary conditions in future periods. Should these ongoing economic pressures persist, we anticipate it could have an impact on the following:

•Loan growth and interest income - If economic activity begins to wane, it may have an impact on our borrowers, the businesses they operate, and their financial condition. Our borrowers may have less demand for credit needed to invest in and expand their businesses, as well as less demand for real estate loans. Such factors would place pressure on the level of interest-earning assets, which may negatively impact our interest income.

•Credit quality - Should there be a decline in economic activity, the markets we serve could experience increases in unemployment, declines in consumer confidence, and a reluctance on the part of businesses to invest in and expand their operations, among other things. Such factors may result in weakened economic conditions, place strain on our borrowers, and ultimately impact the credit quality of our loan portfolio. We expect this could result in increases in the level of past due, nonaccrual, and classified loans, as well as higher net charge-offs. While economic conditions have generally been favorable thus far, notwithstanding higher levels of inflation, there can be no assurance favorable economic conditions will continue. As such, should we experience future deterioration in the credit quality of our loan portfolio, it may contribute to the need for additional provisions for credit losses.

•ACL - The Company is required to record credit losses on certain financial assets in accordance with the CECL model stipulated under ASC 326, which is highly dependent upon expectations of future economic conditions and requires management judgment. Should expectations of future economic conditions deteriorate, the Company may be required to record additional provisions for credit losses.

•Impairment charges - If economic conditions deteriorate, it could adversely impact the Company’s operating results and the value of certain of our assets. As a result, the Company may be required to write-down the value of certain assets such as goodwill, intangible assets, or deferred tax assets when there is evidence to suggest their value has become impaired or will not be realizable at a future date.

•Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) - Unrealized gains and losses on AFS investment securities are recognized in stockholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). If economic conditions deteriorate, and/or if the interest rates continue to increase, the valuation of the Company’s AFS investment securities could be negatively impacted, which may lead to increases in other comprehensive loss, decreases to the Company’s stockholders’ equity.

•Deposits and deposit costs - Given the significant rate increases by the FOMC, it is likely that deposit costs will continue to increase and it may become more challenging for the Company to retain and attract deposit relationships.

•Liquidity - Consistent with our prudent, proactive approach to liquidity management, we may take certain actions to further enhance our liquidity, including but not limited to, increasing our FHLB borrowings, and increasing our brokered deposits.

The Company continues to focus on serving its customers and communities, maintaining the well-being of its employees, and executing its strategic initiatives. The Company continues to monitor the economic environment and will make changes as appropriate.

Table of Contents

Results of Operations

Comparison of quarter ended March 31, 2023 to the comparable quarter in the prior year

Net income increased $700,000, or 3.5%, to $20.5 million, or $0.58 per diluted common share, for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $19.8 million, or $0.56 per diluted common share, for the same period in 2022. Net interest income increased $12.9 million, or 27.5%, to $59.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to $46.9 million for the same period in 2022 due primarily to an increase in interest earned on interest earning assets following increases in market interest rates. This increase was partially offset by a $1.8 million provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2023, compared to a $3.6 million reversal of provision for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2022, and an increase in noninterest expense of $5.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022. The Company’s efficiency ratio was 61.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 64.4% for the same period in 2022.

Average Balances, Yields and Rates Paid

The following table provides relevant net interest income information for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended March 31,
2023 2022 Change
Average<br><br>Balance(1) Interest<br>Earned/<br>Paid Average<br>Yield/<br>Rate Average<br><br>Balance(1) Interest<br>Earned/<br>Paid Average<br>Yield/<br>Rate Average<br><br>Balance(1) Interest<br>Earned/<br>Paid Average<br>Yield/<br>Rate
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest Earning Assets:
Loans receivable, net (2)(3) $ 4,039,395 $ 50,450 5.07 % $ 3,773,325 $ 41,025 4.41 % $ 266,070 $ 9,425 0.66 %
Taxable securities 2,007,339 14,657 2.96 1,271,557 6,003 1.91 735,782 8,654 1.05
Nontaxable securities (3) 82,893 586 2.87 146,409 860 2.38 (63,516) (274) 0.49
Interest earning deposits 83,376 972 4.73 1,503,287 706 0.19 (1,419,911) 266 4.54
Total interest earning assets 6,213,003 66,665 4.35 % 6,694,578 48,594 2.94 % (481,575) 18,071 1.41 %
Noninterest earning assets 848,956 740,209 108,747
Total assets $ 7,061,959 $ 7,434,787 $ (372,828)
Interest Bearing Liabilities:
Certificates of Deposit $ 350,206 $ 1,224 1.42 % $ 336,353 $ 338 0.41 % $ 13,853 $ 886 1.01 %
Savings accounts 601,166 142 0.10 646,684 87 0.05 (45,518) 55 0.05
Interest bearing demand and money market accounts 2,829,198 3,162 0.45 3,066,320 999 0.13 (237,122) 2,163 0.32
Total interest bearing deposits 3,780,570 4,528 0.49 4,049,357 1,424 0.14 (268,787) 3,104 0.35
Junior subordinated debentures 21,501 482 9.09 21,214 194 3.71 287 288 5.38
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase 43,202 47 0.44 50,017 32 0.26 (6,815) 15 0.18
FHLB advances and other borrowings 145,605 1,766 4.92 — — — 145,605 1,766 4.92
Total interest bearing liabilities 3,990,878 6,823 0.69 % 4,120,588 1,650 0.16 % (129,710) 5,173 0.53 %
Noninterest bearing demand deposits 2,068,688 2,359,451 (290,763)
Other noninterest bearing liabilities 189,893 108,663 81,230
Stockholders’ equity 812,500 846,085 (33,585)
Total liabilities and stock-holders’ equity $ 7,061,959 $ 7,434,787 $ (372,828)
Net interest income and spread $ 59,842 3.66 % $ 46,944 2.78 % $ 12,898 0.88 %
Net interest margin 3.91 % 2.84 % 1.07 %

(1) Average balances are calculated using daily balances.

(2) Average loans receivable, net includes loans held for sale and loans classified as nonaccrual, which carry a zero yield. Interest earned on loans receivable, net includes the amortization of net deferred loan fees of $752,000 and $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(3) Yields on tax-exempt loans and securities have not been stated on a tax-equivalent basis.

Table of Contents

Net Interest Income and Margin Overview

One of the Company's key sources of earnings is net interest income. There are several factors that affect net interest income, including, but not limited to, the volume, pricing, mix and maturity of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities; the volume of noninterest earning assets, noninterest bearing demand deposits, other noninterest bearing liabilities and stockholders' equity; market interest rate fluctuations; and asset quality.

Market rates impact the results of the Company's net interest income, including the significant increases in the federal funds target rate by the Federal Reserve in response to inflation during 2022 and 2023. The following table provides the federal funds target rate history and changes from each period since December 31, 2021:

Change Date Rate (%) Rate Change (%)
December 31, 2021 0.00% - 0.25% N/A
March 17, 2022 0.25% - 0.50% 0.25 %
May 5, 2022 0.75% - 1.00% 0.50 %
June 16, 2022 1.50% - 1.75% 0.75 %
July 28, 2022 2.25% - 2.50% 0.75 %
September 22, 2022 3.00% - 3.25% 0.75 %
November 3, 2022 3.75% - 4.00% 0.75 %
December 15, 2022 4.25% - 4.50% 0.50 %
February 2, 2023 4.50% - 4.75% 0.25 %
March 23, 2023 4.75% - 5.00% 0.25 %

The following table provides the changes in net interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022 due to changes in average asset and liability balances (volume), changes in average yields/rates (rate) and changes attributable to the combined effect of volume and interest rates allocated proportionately to the absolute value of changes due to volume and changes due to interest rates:

Increase (Decrease) Due to Changes In:
Volume Yield/Rate Total % Change
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest Earning Assets:
Loans receivable, net $ 3,031 $ 6,394 $ 9,425 23.0 %
Taxable securities 4,449 4,205 8,654 144.2
Nontaxable securities (425) 151 (274) (31.9)
Interest earning deposits (1,271) 1,537 266 37.7
Total interest income $ 5,784 $ 12,287 $ 18,071 37.2 %
Interest Bearing Liabilities:
Certificates of deposit $ 15 $ 871 $ 886 262.1 %
Savings accounts (6) 61 55 63.2
Interest bearing demand and money market accounts (83) 2,246 2,163 216.5
Total interest bearing deposits (74) 3,178 3,104 218.0
Junior subordinated debentures 3 285 288 148.5
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase (4) 19 15 46.9
FHLB advances and other borrowings 1,766 — 1,766 100.0
Total interest expense $ 1,691 $ 3,482 $ 5,173 313.5 %
Net interest income $ 4,093 $ 8,805 $ 12,898 27.5 %

Comparison of quarter ended March 31, 2023 to the comparable quarter in the prior year

Net interest income increased $12.9 million, or 27.5% to $59.8 million due to an increase in total interest income offset partially by a decrease in total interest expense.

Total interest income increased $18.1 million, or 37.2%, to $66.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $48.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in total interest income was primarily due to an increase in yields earned on interest earning assets following increases in market interest rates, and secondarily due to an increase in average balances of loans and taxable securities, offset partially by a $3.1 million decrease in interest earned on loans receivable, net resulting from a decrease in interest and deferred SBA PPP loan fees recognized.

Table of Contents

The following table presents the loan yield and the impacts of SBA PPP loans and the incremental accretion on acquired loans on this financial measure for the periods presented below:

Three Months Ended
March 31,<br>2023 March 31,<br>2022
Loan yield (GAAP) 5.07 % 4.41 %
Exclude impact from SBA PPP loans (0.01) (0.21)
Exclude impact from incremental accretion on acquired loans (0.02) (0.06)
Loan yield, excluding SBA PPP loans and incremental accretion on acquired loans (non-GAAP) (1) 5.04 % 4.14 %

(1) For additional information, see the "Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Measures" section below.

There was no impact to loan yield from recoveries of interest and fees on loans classified as nonaccrual during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 11 basis points during the same period in 2022.

Total interest expense increased $5.2 million or 313.5% to $6.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared $1.7 million for the same period in 2022 due primarily to increased costs of interest bearing deposits due to competitive rate pressures as well as the addition of borrowing costs.

Net interest margin increased 107 basis points to 3.91% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to 2.84% for the same period in 2022.The increase in the net interest margin was due to a shift into higher yielding interest earning assets as well as higher average yields on all interest earning assets following increases in market interest rates offset partially by an increase in cost of interest bearing liabilities.

Provision for Credit Losses Overview

The aggregate of the provision for credit losses on loans and the provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments is presented on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income as the provision for (reversal of) credit losses. The ACL on unfunded commitments is included on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition within accrued expenses and other liabilities.

Comparison of quarter ended March 31, 2023 to the comparable quarter in the prior year

The following table presents the provision for (reversal of) credit losses for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended<br>March 31, Change
2023 2022 %
(Dollars in thousands)
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on loans $ 1,713 $ (2,522) 167.9 %
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses on unfunded commitments 112 (1,055) 1,167 110.6
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses $ 1,825 $ (3,577) 151.0 %

All values are in US Dollars.

The provision for credit losses on loans reflects the amount required to maintain the allowance for credit losses on loans at an appropriate level based upon management’s evaluation of the adequacy of collective and individual loss reserves. The provision for credit losses on loans recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was due primarily to an increase in loans receivable as well as a change in mix of loans. Future assessments of the expected credit losses will not only be impacted by changes in the composition of and amount of loans and to the reasonable and supportable forecast, but will also include an updated assessment of qualitative factors, as well as consideration of any required changes in the reasonable and supportable forecast reversion period. The provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments increased due primarily to an increase in unfunded commitment balances.

The reversal of provision for credit losses recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2022 was due primarily to a reduction of loans individually evaluated for losses and their related ACL as well as changes in the loan mix and continued improvement in forecasted economic indicators used to calculate credit losses as compared to the forecast at December 31, 2021.

Table of Contents

Noninterest Income Overview

Comparison of quarter ended March 31, 2023 to the comparable quarter in the prior year

The following table presents the change in the key components of noninterest income for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended<br>March 31, Change
2023 2022 %
(Dollars in thousands)
Service charges and other fees $ 2,624 $ 2,474 6.1 %
Card revenue 2,000 2,263 (263) (11.6)
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, net (286) — (286) 100.0
Gain on sale of loans, net 49 241 (192) (79.7)
Interest rate swap fees 53 279 (226) (81.0)
Bank owned life insurance income 709 1,695 (986) (58.2)
Gain on sale of other assets, net 2 204 (202) (99.0)
Other income 3,107 1,382 1,725 124.8
Total noninterest income $ 8,258 $ 8,538 (3.3) %

All values are in US Dollars.

Noninterest income decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 due to a decline in card revenue, interest rate swap fees and gain on sale of loans as well as a decline in bank owned life insurance income due to a death benefit recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2022. These declines were offset partially by an increase in other income which included the gain on sale of Visa Inc. Class B common stock of $1.6 million and an increase in service charges and other fees.

Noninterest Expense Overview

Comparison of quarter ended March 31, 2023 to the comparable quarter in the prior year

The following table presents changes in the key components of noninterest expense for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended<br>March 31, Change
2023 2022 %
(Dollars in thousands)
Compensation and employee benefits $ 25,536 $ 21,252 20.2 %
Occupancy and equipment 4,892 4,331 561 13.0
Data processing 4,342 4,061 281 6.9
Marketing 402 266 136 51.1
Professional services 628 699 (71) (10.2)
State/municipal business and use tax 1,008 796 212 26.6
Federal deposit insurance premium 850 600 250 41.7
Amortization of intangible assets 623 704 (81) (11.5)
Other expense 3,324 3,011 313 10.4
Total noninterest expense $ 41,605 $ 35,720 16.5 %

All values are in US Dollars.

Noninterest expense increased during the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 due primarily to an increase in compensation and employee benefits resulting from an increase in the number of full-time equivalent employees including the addition of commercial and relationship banking teams in 2022 and an increase in salaries and wages due to upward market pressure. Occupancy and equipment expense increased due to the expansion into Eugene, Oregon and Boise, Idaho as well as an increase in maintenance costs related to winter weather conditions. Data processing costs increased due primarily to the expansion of digital services including the addition of the ability to open accounts online. The federal deposit insurance premium increased due to an increase in assessment rates effective January 1, 2023.

Table of Contents

Income Tax Expense Overview

Comparison of quarter ended March 31, 2023 to the comparable quarter in the prior year

The following table presents the income tax expense, related metrics and their changes for the periods indicated:

Three Months Ended<br>March 31, Change
2023 2022 %
(Dollars in thousands)
Income before income taxes $ 24,670 $ 23,339 5.7 %
Income tax expense $ 4,213 $ 3,582 17.6 %
Effective income tax rate 17.1 % 15.3 % 1.8 % 11.8 %

All values are in US Dollars.

Income tax expense increased compared to the same period in 2022 primarily due to higher estimated pre-tax income in 2023 than in 2022.

Financial Condition Overview

The table below provides a comparison of the changes in the Company's financial condition at the periods indicated:

March 31,<br>2023 December 31, 2022 Change % Change
(Dollars in thousands)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 301,481 $ 103,590 191.0 %
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value, net 1,318,072 1,331,443 (13,371) (1.0)
Investment securities held to maturity, at amortized cost, net 760,163 766,396 (6,233) (0.8)
Loans receivable, net 4,083,003 4,007,872 75,131 1.9
Premises and equipment, net 80,094 76,930 3,164 4.1
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost 23,697 8,916 14,781 165.8
Bank owned life insurance 122,767 122,059 708 0.6
Accrued interest receivable 18,548 18,547 1 —
Prepaid expenses and other assets 281,438 296,181 (14,743) (5.0)
Other intangible assets, net 6,604 7,227 (623) (8.6)
Goodwill 240,939 240,939 — —
Total assets $ 7,236,806 $ 6,980,100 3.7 %
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Deposits $ 5,771,787 $ 5,907,420 (2.3) %
Deposits held for sale 17,235 17,420 (185) (1.1)
Total deposits 5,789,022 5,924,840 (135,818) (2.3)
Federal Home Loan Bank advances 383,100 — 383,100 100.0
Junior subordinated debentures 21,546 21,473 73 0.3
Securities sold under agreement to repurchase 39,161 46,597 (7,436) (16.0)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities 177,895 189,297 (11,402) (6.0)
Total liabilities 6,410,724 6,182,207 228,517 3.7
Common stock 550,869 552,397 (1,528) (0.3)
Retained earnings 358,010 345,346 12,664 3.7
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net (82,797) (99,850) 17,053 17.1
Total stockholders' equity 826,082 797,893 28,189 3.5
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 7,236,806 $ 6,980,100 3.7 %

All values are in US Dollars.

Total assets increased due primarily to an increase in cash and cash equivalents and an increase in loans receivable, net due to loan growth. Total liabilities and stockholders' equity increased due primarily to an increase in borrowings offset partially by a decrease in deposits.

Table of Contents

Investment Activities Overview

Our investment policy is established by the Company's Board of Directors and monitored by the Risk Committee of the Board of Directors. It is designed primarily to provide and maintain liquidity, generate a favorable return on investments without incurring undue interest rate and credit risk, and complements the Company's lending activities. The policy permits investment in various types of liquid assets permissible under applicable regulations. Investments in non-investment grade bonds and stripped mortgage-backed securities are not permitted under the policy.

The following table provides information regarding our investment securities at the dates indicated:

March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Change
Balance % of<br>Total Balance % of<br>Total %
(Dollars in thousands)
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value:
U.S. government and agency securities $ 64,550 3.1 % $ 63,859 3.0 % 1.1 %
Municipal securities 132,497 6.4 153,026 7.3 (20,529) (13.4)
Residential CMO and MBS(1) 433,712 20.9 424,386 20.2 9,326 2.2
Commercial CMO and MBS(1) 663,497 31.8 664,421 31.8 (924) (0.1)
Corporate obligations 3,817 0.2 3,834 0.2 (17) (0.4)
Other asset-backed securities 19,999 1.0 21,917 1.0 (1,918) (8.8)
Total $ 1,318,072 63.4 % $ 1,331,443 63.5 % (1.0) %
Investment securities held to maturity, at amortized cost:
U.S. government and agency securities $ 150,969 7.3 % $ 150,936 7.2 % — %
Residential CMO and MBS(1) 285,337 13.7 290,318 13.8 (4,981) (1.7)
Commercial CMO and MBS(1) 323,857 15.6 325,142 15.5 (1,285) (0.4)
Total $ 760,163 36.6 % $ 766,396 36.5 % (0.8) %
Total investment securities $ 2,078,235 100.0 % $ 2,097,839 100.0 % (0.9) %

All values are in US Dollars.

(1) U.S. government agency and government-sponsored enterprise mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations.

Total investment securities decreased $19.6 million, or 0.9%, to $2.08 billion at March 31, 2023 from $2.10 billion at December 31, 2022 due primarily to maturities and prepayments of $32.9 million and sales of $22.7 million, partially offset by purchases of $15.0 million. In addition, net unrealized and unrecognized losses on investment securities declined by $39.1 million due primarily to improvement in fair market values of investment securities available for sale and held to maturity since December 31, 2022.

Loan Portfolio Overview

Changes by loan type

The Company originates a wide variety of loans with a focus on commercial business loans. In addition to originating loans, the Company may also acquire loans through pool purchases, participation purchases and syndicated loan purchases. The following table provides information about our loan portfolio by type of loan at the dates indicated:

March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Change
Amortized Cost % of Loans Receivable Amortized Cost % of Loans Receivable %
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial business:
Commercial and industrial $ 684,998 16.6 % $ 692,100 17.1 % (1.0) %
SBA PPP 900 — 1,468 — (568) (38.7)
Owner-occupied CRE 949,064 23.0 937,040 23.1 12,024 1.3
Non-owner occupied CRE 1,601,789 38.8 1,586,632 39.2 15,157 1.0
Total commercial business 3,236,751 78.4 3,217,240 79.4 19,511 0.6
Residential real estate 363,777 8.8 343,631 8.5 20,146 5.9

All values are in US Dollars.

Table of Contents

March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Change
Amortized Cost % of Loans Receivable Amortized Cost % of Loans Receivable %
(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate construction and land development:
Residential 72,926 1.8 80,074 2.0 (7,148) (8.9)
Commercial and multifamily 270,547 6.6 214,038 5.3 56,509 26.4
Total real estate construction and land development 343,473 8.4 294,112 7.3 49,361 16.8
Consumer 183,471 4.4 195,875 4.8 (12,404) (6.3)
Total $ 4,127,472 100.0 % $ 4,050,858 100.0 % 1.9 %

All values are in US Dollars.

Loans receivable increased $76.6 million, or 1.9% (7.7% annualized), at March 31, 2023. New loans funded in the during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and during the three months ended December 31, 2022 were $138.1 million and $203.1 million, respectively. The fourth quarter of 2022 included purchased residential real estate loans of $40.5 million. Loan repayments decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2023 to $60.8 million, compared to $147.0 million during the three months ended December 31, 2022, exclusive of SBA PPP loan repayments, net deferred fees, and net acquired discounts. The largest increase in the loan portfolio occurred in the commercial and multifamily construction loans, which increased by $56.5 million or 26.4% due to new loan originations and advances on outstanding loans during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Total new commitments for commercial and multifamily construction loans were $76.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Total owner-occupied CRE loans and non-owner occupied CRE loans were $2.5 billion at March 31, 2023. Office loans were the largest segment of owner-occupied and non-owner occupied CRE loans at $582.5 million or 22.8%. The average loan balance was $1.1 million. Of this total, $277.7 million or 47.7% were owner-occupied CRE properties. Owner-occupied CRE loans have a lower risk profile as there is less tenant rollover risk and generally have guarantees from the company occupying the space as well as the owners of the company.

Loans classified as nonaccrual and performing modified loans and nonperforming assets

The following table provides information about our nonaccrual loans, performing modified loans and nonperforming assets for the dates indicated:

March 31,<br>2023 December 31, 2022 Change % Change
(Dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual loans: (1)
Commercial business $ 4,815 $ 5,869 $ (1,054) (18.0) %
Real estate construction and land development — 37 (37) (100.0)
Total nonaccrual loans 4,815 5,906 (1,091) (18.5)
Other real estate owned — — — n/a
Total nonperforming assets $ 4,815 $ 5,906 $ (1,091) (18.5) %
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more $ 2,344 $ 1,615 $ 729 45.1 %
Credit quality ratios:
Nonaccrual loans to loans receivable 0.12 % 0.15 % (0.03) % (20.0) %
Nonaccrual loans to total assets 0.07 0.08 (0.01) (12.5)
Modified loans: (2)
Commercial business $ 3,035
Consumer 25
Total performing modified loans $ 3,060

(1) At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $1.5 million and $1.5 million of nonaccrual loans, respectively, were guaranteed by government agencies.

2) The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 on a prospective basis January 1, 2023.

Table of Contents

The following table provides the changes in nonaccrual loans during the three months ended March 31, 2023:

(In thousands)
Balance, beginning of period $ 5,906
Additions 468
Net principal payments, sales and transfers to accruing status (909)
Payoffs (650)
Charge-offs —
Balance, end of period $ 4,815

Nonaccrual loans decreased $1.1 million, or 18.5%, due primarily to ongoing collection efforts.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans Overview

The following table provides information regarding our ACL on loans for the periods indicated:

At or For the Three Months Ended March 31, Change
2023 2022 %
(Dollars in thousands)
ACL on loans at the end of period $ 44,469 $ 40,333 10.3 %
Credit quality ratios:
ACL on loans to loans receivable 1.08 % 1.06 % 0.02 1.9
ACL on loans to nonaccrual loans 923.55 244.04 679.51 278.4
Net (charge-offs) recoveries $ (230) $ 494 (146.6)
Average loans receivable, net during the period (1) 4,039,395 3,773,325 266,070 7.1
Net charge-offs (recoveries) on loans to average loans receivable, net(2) 0.02 % (0.05) % 0.07 % 140.0 %

All values are in US Dollars.

(1) Average loan receivable, net includes loans held for sale.

(2) Annualized.

The ACL on loans increased during the three months ended March 31, 2023 due primarily to an increase in loans receivable, net as well as a change in mix of loans.

The following table presents the ACL on loans by loan portfolio segment at the indicated dates:

March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
ACL on Loans ACL as a % of Loans in Loan Category % of Loans in Loan Category to<br>Total Loans ACL on Loans ACL as a % of Loans in Loan Category % of Loans in Loan Category to<br>Total Loans
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial business $ 29,937 0.92 % 78.4 % $ 30,718 0.95 % 79.4 %
Residential real estate 2,902 0.80 % 8.8 2,872 0.84 8.5
Real estate construction and land development 8,985 2.62 % 8.4 7,063 2.40 7.3
Consumer 2,645 1.44 % 4.4 2,333 1.19 4.8
Total ACL on loans $ 44,469 1.08 % 100.0 % $ 42,986 1.06 % 100.0 %

Table of Contents

Deposits Overview

The following table summarizes the Company's deposits at the dates indicated:

March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Change
Balance (1) % of Total Deposits Balance % of Total Deposits %
(Dollars in thousands)
Noninterest demand deposits $ 1,982,909 34.3 % $ 2,099,464 35.5 % (5.6) %
Interest bearing demand deposits 1,675,393 28.9 1,830,727 30.9 (155,334) (8.5)
Money market accounts 1,155,559 20.0 1,063,243 17.9 92,316 8.7
Savings accounts 578,807 10.0 623,833 10.5 (45,026) (7.2)
Total non-maturity deposits 5,392,668 93.2 5,617,267 94.8 (224,599) (4.0)
Certificates of deposit 396,354 6.8 307,573 5.2 88,781 28.9
Total deposits $ 5,789,022 100.0 % $ 5,924,840 100.0 % (2.3) %

All values are in US Dollars.

(1) Deposit balances include deposits held for sale of $17.2 million and $17.4 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Total deposits decreased $135.8 million, or 2.3%, at March 31, 2023 from December 31, 2022. The decrease was due to competitive pricing pressures and customers moving excess funds to alternative higher yielding investments as well as general declines in individual customer balances. Money market accounts increased due to an increase in public deposits. Certificate of deposit balances increased mostly due to the addition of $52 million in brokered deposits.

The Bank entered into a purchase and sale agreement with a third party to sell and transfer certain assets, deposits and other liabilities of its branch in Ellensburg during the three months ended September 30, 2022. As a result of entering into this purchase and sale agreement, approximately $17.2 million and $17.4 million in deposits were classified as held for sale as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The sale is expected to be completed during the three months ended June 30, 2023; however, the completion of this sale depends on many factors including regulatory approval.

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances and Other Borrowings

The Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) functions as a member-owned cooperative providing credit for member financial institutions. Advances are made pursuant to several different programs. Each credit program has its own interest rate and range of maturities. Limitations on the amount of advances are based on a percentage of the Bank's assets or on the FHLB’s assessment of the institution’s creditworthiness. At March 31, 2023, the Bank maintained a credit facility with the FHLB with available borrowing capacity of $1.2 billion with $383.1 million in advances outstanding. All FHLB borrowings at March 31, 2023 were overnight advances. At December 31, 2022, the Bank had no FHLB advances outstanding. Advances from the FHLB may be collateralized by FHLB stock owned by the Bank, deposits at the FHLB, certain commercial and residential real estate loans, investment securities or other assets.

The Bank maintains a credit facility with the Federal Reserve Bank through both the Discount Window and Bank Term Funding Program with available borrowing capacity of $640.6 million as of March 31, 2023. There were no borrowings outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Any advances on the credit facility would be secured by either investment securities or certain types of the Bank's loans receivable.

The Company utilizes securities sold under agreement to repurchase with one day maturities as a supplement to funding sources. Securities sold under agreement to repurchase are secured by pledged investment securities. Under the securities sold under agreement to repurchase, the Company is required to maintain an aggregate market value of securities pledged greater than the balance of the securities sold under agreement to repurchase. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had repurchase agreements of $39.2 million and $46.6 million, respectively.

In addition to funds obtained in the ordinary course of business, the Company assumed trust preferred securities and junior subordinated debentures as part of the acquisition of Washington Banking Company. For regulatory capital purposes, the trust preferred securities are included in Tier 2 capital at March 31, 2023. The junior subordinated debentures outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $21.5 million, net of unaccreted discount.

The Bank maintains available unsecured federal funds lines with five correspondent banks totaling $215.0 million, with no outstanding borrowings at March 31, 2023.

Stockholders' Equity Overview

The Company’s stockholders' equity to assets ratio was 11.4% at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Total stockholders' equity increased $28.2 million, or 3.5%, to $826.1 million at March 31, 2023 from $797.9 million at December 31, 2022. The increase was due primarily to $20.5 million in net income recognized and a decrease of $17.1 million in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a result of improved fair market values of available for sale investment securities, offset partially by

Table of Contents

$7.8 million in cash dividends declared and $2.6 million for the repurchase of the Company's common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

The Company has historically paid cash dividends to its common shareholders. Payments of future cash dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors after taking into account various factors, including our business, operating results and financial condition, capital requirements, current and anticipated cash needs, plans for expansion, any legal or contractual limitation on our ability to pay dividends and other relevant factors. Dividends on common stock from the Company depend substantially upon receipt of dividends from the Bank, which is the Company’s predominant source of income. On April 19, 2023, the Company’s board of directors declared a regular quarterly dividend of $0.22 per common share payable on May 18, 2023 to shareholders of record on May 4, 2023.

Regulatory Requirements Overview

The Company is a bank holding company under the supervision of the Federal Reserve Bank. Bank holding companies are subject to capital adequacy requirements of the Federal Reserve under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended, and the regulations of the Federal Reserve. The Bank is a federally insured institution and thereby is subject to the capital requirements established by the FDIC. The Federal Reserve capital requirements generally parallel the FDIC requirements. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory, and possibly additional discretionary, actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Additionally, the Company and the Bank are required to maintain a capital conservation buffer of common equity Tier 1 capital above 2.5% to avoid restrictions on certain activities including payment of dividends, stock repurchases and discretionary bonuses to executive officers. Management believes that as of March 31, 2023, the Company and the Bank met all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the most recent regulatory notifications categorized the Bank as well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank's categories. The following table presents the actual capital ratios of the Company and the Bank at the periods indicated:

Company Bank
March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
Common equity Tier 1 capital ratio 12.9 % 12.8 % 13.0 % 12.9 %
Leverage ratio 9.9 9.7 9.7 9.4
Tier 1 capital ratio 13.3 13.2 13.0 12.9
Total capital ratio 14.1 14.0 13.9 13.7
Capital conservation buffer 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.7

As of both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the capital measures reflect the revised CECL capital transition provisions adopted by the Federal Reserve and the FDIC that allowed the Bank the option to delay for two years until December 31, 2021 an estimate of CECL’s effect on regulatory capital, relative to the incurred loss methodology’s effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We maintain sufficient cash and cash equivalents and investment securities to meet short-term liquidity needs and actively monitor our long-term liquidity position to ensure the availability of capital resources for contractual obligations, strategic loan growth objectives and to fund operations. Our funding strategy has been to acquire non-maturity deposits from our retail accounts, acquire noninterest bearing demand deposits from our commercial customers and use our borrowing availability to fund growth in assets. Our liquidity policy permits the purchase of brokered deposits in an amount not to exceed 15% of the Bank's total deposits as a secondary source for funding.

At March 31, 2023, we had $52.3 million in brokered deposits, which constituted 0.90% of total deposits. Borrowings may be used on a short-term basis to compensate for reductions in other sources of funds (such as deposit inflows at less than projected levels). Borrowings may also be used on a longer-term basis to support expanded lending activities and match the maturity of repricing intervals of assets. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans are a predictable source of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by the level of interest rates, economic conditions and competition so we adhere to internal management targets assigned to the loan to deposit ratio, liquidity ratio, net short-term non-core funding ratio and non-core liabilities to total assets ratio to ensure an appropriate liquidity position. The Company regularly monitors liquidity, models liquidity stress scenarios to ensure that adequate liquidity is available, and has contingency funding plans in place, which are reviewed and tested on a regular, recurring basis.

Table of Contents

The following table summarizes the Company's available liquidity as of the date indicated:

March 31, 2023
Total Available Amount Used Net Availability
(Dollars in thousands)
Internal Sources
Cash and cash equivalents $ 301,481 $ — $ 301,481
Unencumbered investment securities available for sale(1) 1,116,013 — 1,116,013
External Sources —
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) borrowing availability(2) 1,197,964 383,100 814,864
Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) borrowing availability(3) 640,635 — 640,635
Fed funds line borrowing availability with correspondent banks 215,000 — 215,000
Total liquidity $ 3,471,093 $ 383,100 $ 3,087,993

(1) Investment securities available for sale at fair value.

(2) Includes FHLB borrowing availability of $1.20 billion at March 31, 2023 based on pledged assets, however, maximum credit capacity is 45% of the Bank's total assets one quarter in arrears or $3.10 billion.

(3) Includes the Discount Window and Bank Term Funding Program

Management believes the capital sources are adequate to meet all reasonably foreseeable short-term and long-term cash requirements and there has not been a material change in our capital resources since the information disclosed in our 2022 Annual Form 10-K. We are not aware of any reasonably likely material changes in the mix and relative cost of such resources.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our critical accounting estimates are described in detail in the "Critical Accounting Estimates" section within Item 7 of our 2022 Annual Form the Form 10-K. The SEC defines "critical accounting estimates" as those that require application of management's most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in future periods. The Company's critical accounting estimates include estimates of the ACL on loans, the ACL on unfunded commitments and goodwill. There have been no material changes in these estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Reconciliations of Non-GAAP Measures

This Form 10-Q contains certain financial measures not presented in accordance with GAAP in addition to financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP. The Company has presented these non-GAAP financial measures in this Form 10-Q because it believes they provide useful and comparative information to assess trends in the Company’s performance and asset quality and to facilitate comparison of its performance with the performance of its peers. These non-GAAP measures have inherent limitations, are not required to be uniformly applied and are not audited. They should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial measures presented in accordance with GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies. Reconciliations of the GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures are presented below.

The Company believes presenting loan yield excluding the effect of discount accretion on acquired loans is useful in assessing the impact of acquisition accounting on loan yield as the effect of loan discount accretion is expected to decrease as the acquired loans mature or roll off its balance sheet. Incremental accretion on acquired loans represents the amount of interest income recorded on acquired loans in excess of the contractual stated interest rate in the individual loan notes due to incremental accretion of purchased discount or premium. Purchased discount or premium is the difference between the contractual loan balance and the fair value of acquired loans at the acquisition date, or as modified by the adoption of ASU 2016-13. The purchased discount is accreted into income over the remaining life of the loan. The impact of incremental accretion on loan yield will change during any period based on the volume of prepayments, but it is expected to decrease over time as the balance of the acquired loans decreases. Similarly, presenting loan yield excluding the effect of SBA PPP loans is useful in assessing the impact of these special program loans that have substantially decreased within a short time frame.

Three Months Ended<br>March 31,
2023 2022
(Dollars in thousands)
Loan yield, excluding SBA PPP Loans and Incremental Accretion on Acquired Loans, annualized:
Interest and fees on loans (GAAP) $ 50,450 $ 41,025
Exclude interest and fees on SBA PPP loans (26) (3,081)

Table of Contents

Three Months Ended<br>March 31,
2023 2022
(Dollars in thousands)
Exclude incremental accretion on acquired loans (253) (584)
Adjusted interest and fees on loans (non-GAAP) $ 50,171 $ 37,360
Average loans receivable, net (GAAP) $ 4,039,395 $ 3,773,325
Exclude average SBA PPP loans (1,071) (109,594)
Adjusted average loans receivable, net (non-GAAP) $ 4,038,324 $ 3,663,731
Loan yield, annualized (GAAP) 5.07 % 4.41 %
Loan yield, excluding SBA PPP loans and incremental accretion on acquired loans, annualized (non-GAAP) 5.04 % 4.14 %

ITEM 3.     QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk represents the risk of loss due to changes in market values of assets and liabilities. We incur market risk in the normal course of business through our exposure to market interest rates, equity prices and credit spreads. Our primary market risk is interest rate risk, which is the risk of loss of net interest income or net interest margin resulting from changes in market interest rates. Interest rate risk results primarily from the traditional banking activities in which the Bank engages, such as gathering deposits and extending loans. Many factors, including economic and financial conditions, movements in interest rates and consumer preferences, affect the difference between the interest earned on our assets and the interest paid on our liabilities. Management regularly reviews our exposure to changes in interest rates. Among the factors considered are changes in the mix of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities, interest rate spreads and repricing periods. The risk committee of the Board of Directors oversees market risk management, including the monitoring of risk measures and limits and policy guidelines, for the amount of interest rate risk and its effect on net interest income and capital.

Neither we, nor the Bank, maintain a trading account for any class of financial instrument, nor do we, or the Bank, engage in hedging activities or purchase high risk derivative instruments. Moreover, neither we, nor the Bank, are subject to foreign currency exchange rate risk or commodity price risk.

Net interest income simulation

An income simulation model is the primary tool we use to assess the direction and magnitude of changes in net interest income resulting from changes in interest rates. Modeling the sensitivity of net interest income is highly dependent on numerous assumptions incorporated into the modeling process. Key assumptions in the model include prepayment speeds on loans and investment securities, repricing betas on non-maturity deposits, and pricing on investment securities, loans, and borrowings. In order to measure the interest rate risk sensitivity, this simulation model uses a “no balance sheet growth” assumption and assumes an instantaneous and sustained uniform change in market interest rates at all maturities. These assumptions are inherently uncertain and, as a result, the net interest income projections should be viewed as an estimate of the net interest income sensitivity at the time of the analysis. Actual results will differ from simulated results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes and changes in market conditions and management strategies, among other factors.

Based on the results of the simulation model, the following table presents the change in our net interest income as a result of parallel rate shock scenarios for the presented periods after the dates shown:

March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
Amount % Change in Net Interest Income Amount % Change in Net Interest Income
(Dollars in thousands)
Modeled increase in market interest rates of 100 basis points
Increase in net interest income in Year 1 $ 2,198 0.9 % $ 5,113 2.0 %
Increase in net interest income in Year 2 7,871 3.1 11,147 4.1
Modeled increase in market interest rates of 200 basis points
Increase in net interest income in Year 1 2,412 1.0 8,181 3.2
Increase in net interest income in Year 2 13,218 5.2 19,889 7.3

Table of Contents

March 31, 2023 December 31, 2022
Amount % Change in Net Interest Income Amount % Change in Net Interest Income
(Dollars in thousands)
Modeled decrease in market interest rates of 100 basis points
Decrease in net interest income in Year 1 (2,011) (0.8) (5,433) (2.1)
Decrease in net interest income in Year 2 (6,425) (2.5) (10,534) (3.9)
Modeled decrease in market interest rates of 200 basis points
Decrease in net interest income in Year 1 (7,879) (3.3) (16,840) (6.6)
Decrease in net interest income in Year 2 $ (19,686) (7.7) % $ (29,942) (11.0) %

These scenarios are based on market interest rates as of the last day of a reporting period published by independent sources that are actively traded in the open market. The simulations used to manage market risk are based on numerous assumptions regarding the effect of changes in interest rates on the timing and extent of reprice characteristics, future cash flows and customer behavior. These assumptions are inherently uncertain and actual results will differ, as a result, the model cannot precisely estimate net interest income or precisely predict the impact of higher or lower net interest income.

ITEM 4.     CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Section 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Act”)) was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and the Company’s Disclosure Committee as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. Based on their evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023 were effective in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Act was (i) accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management (including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer) in a timely manner, and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

(b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Act) that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II.    OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1.     LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Neither the Company nor the Bank is a party to any material pending legal proceedings other than ordinary routine litigation incidental to the business of the Bank.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors set forth in Item 1A of the Company’s 2022 Annual Form 10-K.

ITEM 2.     UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

(a) Not applicable.

(b) Not applicable.

Table of Contents

(c) Repurchase Plans

The following table provides information about repurchases of common stock by the Company during the three months ended March 31, 2023:

Period Total Number<br><br>of Shares<br><br>Purchased (1) Average Price<br><br>Paid Per<br><br>Share (1) Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (2)
January 1, 2023—January 31, 2023 — $ — 9,986,863 638,214
February 1, 2023— February 28, 2023 40 28.28 9,986,863 638,214
March 1, 2023—March 31, 2023 115,039 22.83 10,075,218 549,859
Total 115,079 $ 22.83

(1)Of the common shares repurchased by the Company between January 1, 2023 and March 31, 2023, a total of 26,724 shares represented the cancellation of stock to pay withholding taxes on vested restricted stock awards or units and were not repurchased pursuant to the publicly announced stock repurchase program.

(2)On March 12, 2020 the Company's Board of Directors announced the repurchase of up to 5% of the Company's outstanding common shares, or 1,799,054 shares, under the twelfth stock repurchase plan. The repurchase program does not have a set expiration date and will expire upon repurchase of the full amount of authorized shares, unless terminated sooner by the board of directors. The repurchase program may be suspended or discontinued at any time by the Company’s board of directors.

ITEM 3.     DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None

ITEM 4.     MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable

ITEM 5.    OTHER INFORMATION

None

ITEM 6.     EXHIBITS

Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit Form Exhibit Filing Date/Period End Date
31.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (1)
31.2 Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (1)
32.1 Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (1)
101.INS XBRL Instance Document (1)
101.SCH XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (1)
101.CAL XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (1)
101.DEF XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (1)
101.LAB XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (1)
101.PRE XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (1)
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

(1) Filed herewith.

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

HERITAGE FINANCIAL CORPORATION
Date:
May 4, 2023 /S/ JEFFREY J. DEUEL
Jeffrey J. Deuel
President and Chief Executive Officer
Date:
May 4, 2023 /S/ DONALD J. HINSON
Donald J. Hinson
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

47

Document

EXHIBIT 31.1

Certification of Principal Executive Officer

I, Jeffrey J. Deuel, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Heritage Financial Corporation;

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of and for the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.    designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.    designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.    evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.    disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.    all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.    any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

May 4, 2023

/s/ Jeffrey J. Deuel
Jeffrey J. Deuel
Chief Executive Officer<br>Principal Executive Officer

Document

EXHIBIT 31.2

Certification of Principal Financial Officer

I, Donald J. Hinson, certify that:

1.    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Heritage Financial Corporation;

2.    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of and for the periods presented in this report;

4.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.    designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.    designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.    evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.    disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.    The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.    all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b.    any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

May 4, 2023

/s/ Donald J. Hinson
Donald J. Hinson
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer<br>Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

Document

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the quarterly report of Heritage Financial Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), we, Jeffrey J. Deuel, Chief Executive Officer, and Donald J. Hinson, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify in our capacity as officers of the Company, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the periods presented in the financial statements included in such Report.

May 4, 2023 /s/ Jeffrey J. Deuel
Jeffrey J. Deuel
Chief Executive Officer<br>Principal Executive Officer
May 4, 2023 /s/ Donald J. Hinson
Donald J. Hinson
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer<br>Principal Financial and Accounting Officer

Report a Problem

Category
Description
Email (optional, for follow-up)