Equibles

10-Q

Bancorp, Inc. (TBBK)

10-Q 2022-11-09 For: 2022-09-30
View Original
Added on April 04, 2026

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: September 30, 2022

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from: _____ to _____

Commission file number: 000-51018

THE BANCORP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware 23-3016517
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (IRS Employer Identification No.)
409 Silverside Road, Wilmington, DE 19809 (302) 385-5000
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code) (Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share TBBK Nasdaq Global Select

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o
Smaller reporting company o Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

As of October 27, 2022, there were 55,981,560 outstanding shares of common stock, $1.00 par value.

1

THE BANCORP, INC

Form 10-Q Index

Page
Part I Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements: 3
Consolidated Balance Sheets – September 30, 2022 (unaudited) and December 31, 2021 3
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations – Three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 4
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income – Three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 5
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity – Three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 6
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 8
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements 9
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 40
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk 69
Item 4. Controls and Procedures 69
Part II Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings 70
Item 1A. Risk Factors 70
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 70
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities 70
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 70
Item 5. Other Information 70
Item 6. Exhibits 71
Signatures 72

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

December 31,
2021
(Dollars in thousands, except per share and share data) (unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and due from banks 22,537 $ 5,382
Interest earning deposits at Federal Reserve Bank 700,175 596,402
Total cash and cash equivalents 722,712 601,784
Investment securities, available-for-sale, at fair value 790,594 953,709
Commercial loans, at fair value (includes 0 and 61.6 million of loans held for sale at lower of cost or fair value at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively) 818,040 1,388,416
Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs 5,267,375 3,747,224
Allowance for credit losses (19,689) (17,806)
Loans, net 5,247,686 3,729,418
Federal Home Loan Bank, Atlantic Central Bankers Bank, and Federal Reserve Bank stock 12,629 1,663
Premises and equipment, net 18,443 16,156
Accrued interest receivable 25,506 17,871
Intangible assets, net 2,149 2,447
Other real estate owned 18,873 18,873
Deferred tax asset, net 27,241 12,667
Assets held-for-sale from discontinued operations — 3,268
Other assets 93,201 96,967
Total assets 7,777,074 $ 6,843,239
LIABILITIES
Deposits
Demand and interest checking 5,934,591 $ 5,561,365
Savings and money market 575,381 415,546
Time deposits, 100,000 and over 401,331 —
Total deposits 6,911,303 5,976,911
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 42 42
Senior debt 98,958 98,682
Subordinated debentures 13,401 13,401
Other long-term borrowings 38,928 39,521
Other liabilities 50,704 62,228
Total liabilities 7,113,336 6,190,785
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock - authorized, 75,000,000 shares of 1.00 par value; 56,201,560 and 57,370,563
shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively 56,202 57,371
Additional paid-in capital 311,569 349,686
Retained earnings 329,078 239,106
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (33,111) 6,291
Total shareholders' equity 663,738 652,454
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity 7,777,074 $ 6,843,239

All values are in US Dollars.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

‎

3

THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Interest income
Loans, including fees $ 75,579 $ 46,426 $ 181,320 $ 143,784
Investment securities:
Taxable interest 6,792 6,882 17,115 22,891
Tax-exempt interest 25 25 74 78
Interest earning deposits 1,525 167 2,876 650
83,921 53,500 201,385 167,403
Interest expense
Deposits 16,065 1,209 23,261 4,494
Short-term borrowings 1,235 7 1,267 15
Long-term borrowings 506 — 506 —
Senior debt 1,279 1,279 3,838 3,838
Subordinated debentures 177 112 432 337
19,262 2,607 29,304 8,684
Net interest income 64,659 50,893 172,081 158,719
Provision for credit losses 822 1,613 4,331 1,484
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 63,837 49,280 167,750 157,235
Non-interest income
ACH, card and other payment processing fees 2,230 1,905 6,552 5,605
Prepaid, debit card and related fees 19,175 18,223 57,865 56,878
Net realized and unrealized gains
on commercial loans, at fair value 745 4,306 11,262 8,881
Leasing related income 1,048 1,968 3,566 4,700
Other 228 186 698 459
Total non-interest income 23,426 26,588 79,943 76,523
Non-interest expense
Salaries and employee benefits 28,001 25,094 77,848 77,839
Depreciation and amortization 685 729 2,224 2,144
Rent and related occupancy cost 1,268 1,256 3,831 3,777
Data processing expense 1,292 1,209 3,727 3,481
Printing and supplies 154 81 342 277
Audit expense 366 356 1,107 1,110
Legal expense 907 1,251 3,175 5,349
Legal settlement — — 1,152 —
Civil money penalty 1,750 — 1,750 —
Amortization of intangible assets 99 99 298 298
FDIC insurance 679 266 2,326 5,235
Software 4,001 4,045 12,030 11,435
Insurance 1,314 1,110 3,692 2,881
Telecom and IT network communications 368 413 1,119 1,227
Consulting 339 448 902 952
Other 3,607 3,027 10,504 9,145
Total non-interest expense 44,830 39,384 126,027 125,150
Income from continuing operations before income taxes 42,433 36,484 121,666 108,608
Income tax expense 11,829 8,289 31,694 25,195
Net income from continuing operations $ 30,604 $ 28,195 $ 89,972 $ 83,413
Discontinued operations
Income from discontinued operations before income taxes — 87 — 324
Income tax expense — 21 — 76
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax — 66 — 248
Net income $ 30,604 $ 28,261 $ 89,972 $ 83,661
Net income per share from continuing operations - basic $ 0.54 $ 0.49 $ 1.58 $ 1.45
Net income per share from discontinued operations - basic $ — $ — $ — $ 0.01
Net income per share - basic $ 0.54 $ 0.49 $ 1.58 $ 1.46
Net income per share from continuing operations - diluted $ 0.54 $ 0.48 $ 1.56 $ 1.41
Net income per share from discontinued operations - diluted $ — $ — $ — $ 0.01
Net income per share - diluted $ 0.54 $ 0.48 $ 1.56 $ 1.42

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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4

THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Net income $ 30,604 $ 28,261 $ 89,972 $ 83,661
Other comprehensive loss, net of reclassifications into net income:
Other comprehensive loss
Securities available-for-sale:
Change in net unrealized losses during the period (14,431) (4,867) (53,982) (9,192)
Reclassification adjustments for losses included in income — — 6 7
Other comprehensive loss (14,431) (4,867) (53,976) (9,185)
Income tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive loss
Securities available-for-sale:
Change in net unrealized losses during the period (3,897) (1,314) (14,576) (2,483)
Reclassification adjustments for losses included in income — — 2 2
Income tax benefit related to items of other comprehensive loss (3,897) (1,314) (14,574) (2,481)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax and reclassifications into net income (10,534) (3,553) (39,402) (6,704)
Comprehensive income $ 20,070 $ 24,708 $ 50,570 $ 76,957

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
Accumulated
Common Additional other
stock Common paid-in Retained comprehensive
shares stock capital earnings loss Total
Balance at January 1, 2022 57,370,563 $ 57,371 $ 349,686 $ 239,106 $ 6,291 $ 652,454
Net income — — — 28,966 — 28,966
Common stock issued from option exercises,
net of tax benefits 27,818 27 57 — — 84
Common stock issued from restricted units,
net of tax benefits 284,040 284 (284) — — —
Stock-based compensation — — 1,618 — — 1,618
Common stock repurchases (527,393) (527) (14,473) — — (15,000)
Other comprehensive loss net of
reclassification adjustments and tax — — — — (15,827) (15,827)
Balance at March 31, 2022 57,155,028 $ 57,155 $ 336,604 $ 268,072 $ (9,536) $ 652,295
Net income — $ — $ — $ 30,402 $ — $ 30,402
Common stock issued from option exercises,
net of tax benefits 7,500 7 71 — — 78
Common stock issued from restricted units,
net of tax benefits 280,892 281 (281) — — —
Stock-based compensation — — 1,802 — — 1,802
Common stock repurchases (577,926) (578) (14,422) — — (15,000)
Other comprehensive loss net of
reclassification adjustments and tax — — — — (13,041) (13,041)
Balance at June 30, 2022 56,865,494 $ 56,865 $ 323,774 $ 298,474 $ (22,577) $ 656,536
Net income — $ — $ — $ 30,604 $ — $ 30,604
Stock-based compensation — — 2,131 — — 2,131
Common stock repurchases (663,934) (663) (14,336) — — (14,999)
Other comprehensive loss net of
reclassification adjustments and tax — — — — (10,534) (10,534)
Balance at September 30, 2022 56,201,560 $ 56,202 $ 311,569 $ 329,078 $ (33,111) $ 663,738

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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6

THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021
(in thousands, except share data)
Accumulated
Common Additional other
stock Common paid-in Retained comprehensive
shares stock capital earnings income Total
Balance at January 1, 2021 57,550,629 $ 57,551 $ 377,452 $ 128,453 $ 17,708 $ 581,164
Net income — — — 25,965 — 25,965
Common stock issued from option exercises,
net of tax benefits 61,500 61 404 — — 465
Common stock issued from restricted units,
net of tax benefits 230,212 230 (230) — — —
Stock-based compensation — — 2,261 — — 2,261
Common stock repurchases (594,428) (594) (9,406) — — (10,000)
Other comprehensive loss net of
reclassification adjustments and tax — — — — (3,091) (3,091)
Balance at March 31, 2021 57,247,913 $ 57,248 $ 370,481 $ 154,418 $ 14,617 $ 596,764
Net income — $ — $ — $ 29,435 $ — $ 29,435
Common stock issued from option exercises,
net of tax benefits 217,368 217 547 — — 764
Common stock issued from restricted units,
net of tax benefits 442,321 442 (442) — — —
Stock-based compensation — — 2,206 — — 2,206
Common stock repurchases (449,315) (449) (9,551) — — (10,000)
Other comprehensive loss net of
reclassification adjustments and tax — — — — (60) (60)
Balance at June 30, 2021 57,458,287 $ 57,458 $ 363,241 $ 183,853 $ 14,557 $ 619,109
Net income — $ — $ — $ 28,261 $ — $ 28,261
Common stock issued from restricted units,
net of tax benefits 313,446 314 1,790 — — 2,104
Stock-based compensation — — 2,056 — — 2,056
Common stock repurchases (440,887) (441) (9,559) (10,000)
Other comprehensive loss net of
reclassification adjustments and tax — — — — (3,553) (3,553)
Balance at September 30, 2021 57,330,846 $ 57,331 $ 357,528 $ 212,114 $ 11,004 $ 637,977

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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7

THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the nine months
ended September 30,
2022 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Operating activities
Net income from continuing operations $ 89,972 $ 83,413
Net income from discontinued operations, net of tax — 248
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization 2,522 2,442
Provision for credit losses 4,331 1,484
Net amortization of investment securities discounts/premiums 1,356 3,216
Stock-based compensation expense 5,551 6,523
Gain on commercial loans, at fair value (15,034) (7,267)
Gain from discontinued operations — (1,492)
Change in fair value of commercial loans, at fair value 5,278 1,330
Change in fair value of derivatives (1,505) (1,328)
Loss on sales of investment securities 6 7
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable (7,635) 3,278
Increase in other assets (5,563) (6,216)
Change in fair value of discontinued assets held-for-sale — 498
Decrease in other liabilities (10,971) (14,744)
Net cash provided by operating activities 68,308 71,392
Investing activities
Purchase of investment securities available-for-sale (19,321) (246,958)
Proceeds from redemptions and prepayments of securities available-for-sale 127,374 386,369
Sale of repossessed assets 852 927
Net increase in loans (1,459,304) (485,647)
Net decrease in discontinued loans held-for-sale — 21,882
Commercial loans, at fair value drawn during the period (36,877) (62,151)
Payments on commercial loans, at fair value 554,836 351,239
Purchases of premises and equipment (4,495) (1,237)
Change in receivable from investment in unconsolidated entity — 18
Return of investment in unconsolidated entity — 7,337
Decrease in discontinued assets held-for-sale — 4,858
Net cash used in investing activities (836,935) (23,363)
Financing activities
Net increase (decrease) in deposits 934,392 (349,548)
Proceeds from short-term borrowings — 300,000
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock 162 3,333
Repurchases of common stock (44,999) (30,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 889,555 (76,215)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 120,928 (28,186)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period 601,784 345,515
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period $ 722,712 $ 317,329
Supplemental disclosure:
Interest paid $ 30,079 $ 10,343
Taxes paid $ 30,168 $ 31,057
Non-cash investing and financing activities
Transfer of loans from investment in unconsolidated entity upon its dissolution $ — $ 22,926
Transfer of real estate owned from investment in unconsolidated entity upon its dissolution $ — $ 2,145
Transfer of loans from discontinued operations $ 61,580 $ —
Transfer of real estate owned from discontinued operations $ 17,343 $ —
Leased vehicles transferred to repossessed assets $ 830 $ 757

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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8

THE BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1. Organization and Nature of Operations

The Bancorp, Inc., or (“the Company”), is a Delaware corporation and a registered financial holding company. Its primary subsidiary is The Bancorp Bank, National Association, or (“the Bank”), which is wholly owned by the Company. The Bank is a nationally chartered commercial bank located in Wilmington, Delaware and is a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insured institution. As a nationally chartered institution, its primary regulator is the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”). The Bank has two primary lines of business consisting of its national specialty lending segment and its payments segment.

In the national specialty lending segment, the Bank makes the following types of loans: securities-backed lines of credit (“SBLOC”) and cash value of insurance-backed lines of credit (“IBLOC”), leases (direct lease financing), Small Business Administration (“SBA”) loans and non-SBA commercial real estate (“CRE”) bridge loans. Prior to 2020, the Company generated CRE bridge loans for sale into capital markets primarily through loan securitizations which issued commercial mortgage backed securities (“CMBS”). In the third quarter of 2020, the Company decided to retain the CRE bridge loans on its balance sheet and no future securitizations are currently planned. In the third quarter of 2021, the Company resumed originating CRE bridge loans (primarily apartment buildings), after suspending the origination of such loans for most of 2020 and the first half of 2021. These new originations are classified as real estate bridge loans (“REBL”) and are accounted for at amortized cost, while prior CRE bridge loans originally generated for securitization continue to be accounted for at fair value. Additionally, in 2020, the Company began originating advisor financing loans to investment advisors for debt refinance, acquisition of other advisory firms or internal succession.

While the national specialty lending segment generates the majority of the Company’s revenues, the payment segment also contributes significant revenues. In its payments segment, the Company provides payment and deposit services nationally, which include prepaid and debit card accounts, private label banking, deposit accounts to investment advisors’ customers, card payment and other payment processing services. Payment segment deposits fund the majority of the Company’s loans and securities and may be lower cost than other funding sources. Most of that segment’s revenues and deposits, in addition to SBLOC and IBLOC loans, result from relationships with third parties that market such products. Concentrations of loans and lower cost deposits result based upon the cumulative account balances generated by those third parties. Similar revenue concentrations result in prepaid, debit card and related fees.

The Company and the Bank are subject to regulation by certain state and federal agencies and, accordingly, they are examined periodically by those regulatory authorities. As a consequence of the extensive regulation of commercial banking activities, the Company’s and the Bank’s businesses may be affected by state and federal legislation and regulations.

Note 2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The financial statements of the Company, as of September 30, 2022 and for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, are unaudited. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted in this Form 10-Q pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). However, in the opinion of management, these interim financial statements include all necessary adjustments to fairly present the results of the interim periods presented. The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “2021 Form 10-K”). The results of operations for the nine month period ended September 30, 2022 may not necessarily be indicative of the results of operations for the full year ending December 31, 2022. In the first quarter of 2021, the Company changed its presentation of treasury stock acquired through common stock repurchases. To simplify presentation, common stock repurchases previously shown separately as treasury stock, are now shown as reductions in common stock and additional paid-in capital.

There have been no significant changes to the Significant Accounting Policies as described in the 2021 Form 10-K. The Company performed a strategic evaluation of its businesses in the third quarter of 2014 and decided to discontinue its Philadelphia commercial lending operations to focus on its specialty finance lending. The Company has since disposed of the vast majority of related loans and other real estate owned. While in the process of disposition, financial results of the commercial lending operations were presented as separate from continuing operations on the consolidated statements of operations and assets of the commercial lending operations to be disposed of were presented as assets held-for-sale on the consolidated balance sheets. As disposition efforts concluded, discontinued loans of $61.6 million were reclassified to loans held for investment in the first quarter of 2022. Accordingly, these loans will be accounted for as such, and included in related tables. On the December 31, 2021 consolidated balance sheet, these discontinued loans

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were reclassified as loans held for sale in continuing operations and included within “Commercial loans, at fair value”. Discontinued other real estate owned of $17.3 million which constituted the remainder of discontinued assets was reclassified to the other real estate owned caption on the balance sheet. As noted above, in the first quarter of 2022 the loans previously in discontinued operations were reclassified to held for investment. In the second quarter of 2022, as a result of the loan reclassification, related valuation reserves were reversed as a credit to “Net realized and unrealized gains on commercial loans, at fair value” in the consolidated statement of operations, while the allowances for credit losses and loan commitments in the consolidated balance sheet were increased through a provision for credit losses. The $3.5 million credit to “ Net realized and unrealized gains on commercial loans, at fair value” was offset by a provision for credit losses of $3.5 million with no net impact on income. Of the $3.5 million provision, $1.3 million increased the allowance for credit losses and $2.2 million increased the allowance for loan commitments recorded in other liabilities. These reclassification entries were made retroactive to the first quarter of 2022 and are reflected in year to date 2022 results.

The Company’s non-SBA commercial real estate bridge loans, at fair value, are primarily collateralized by multi-family properties (apartment buildings), and to a lesser extent, by hotel and retail properties. These loans were originally generated for sale through securitizations. In 2020, the Company decided to retain these loans on its balance sheet as interest earning assets and has resumed originating such loans. These new originations are identified as REBL and are held for investment in the loan portfolio. Prior originations initially intended for securitizations continue to be accounted for at fair value, and are included in the balance sheet in “Commercial loans, at fair value.”

Note 3. Stock-based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation expense for stock options in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718, “Stock Based Compensation”. The expense of the option is generally measured at fair value at the grant date with compensation expense recognized over the service period, which is typically the vesting period. For grants subject to a service condition, the Company utilizes the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate the fair value of each option on the date of grant. The Black-Scholes model takes into consideration the exercise price and expected life of the options, the current price of the underlying stock and its expected volatility, the expected dividends on the stock and the current risk-free interest rate for the expected life of the option. The Company’s estimate of the fair value of a stock option is based on expectations derived from historical experience and may not necessarily equate to its market value when fully vested. In accordance with ASC 718, the Company estimates the number of options for which the requisite service is expected to be rendered. At September 30, 2022, the Company had three active stock-based compensation plans.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company granted 100,000 stock options with a vesting period of four years and a weighted average grant-date fair value of $14.01. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company granted 100,000 stock options with a vesting period of four years and a weighted average grant-date fair value of $8.51. There were 35,318 common stock options exercised in the nine month period ended September 30, 2022. There were 657,500 common stock options exercised in the nine month period ended September 30, 2021.

A summary of the Company’s stock options is presented below.

Weighted average
remaining
Weighted average contractual Aggregate
Options exercise price term (years) intrinsic value
Outstanding at January 1, 2022 550,104 $ 9.67 7.17 $ 8,603,191
Granted 100,000 30.32 9.37 —
Exercised (35,318) 8.84 — 808,850
Expired — — — —
Forfeited (7,182) — — —
Outstanding at September 30, 2022 607,604 $ 13.13 7.40 $ 6,213,070
Exercisable at September 30, 2022 266,328 $ 8.87 6.31 $ 3,490,558

The Company granted 260,693 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) in the first nine months of 2022, of which 219,311 have a vesting period of three years and 41,382 have a vesting period of one year. At issuance, the 260,693 RSUs granted in the first nine months of 2022 had a weighted average fair value of $28.61 per unit. In the first nine months of 2021, the Company granted 313,697 RSUs of which 261,073 have a vesting period of three years and 52,624 have a vesting period of one year. At issuance, the 313,697 RSUs granted in the first nine months of 2021 had a weighted average fair value of $18.81 per unit.

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A summary of the status of the Company’s RSUs is presented below.

Weighted average Average remaining
grant date contractual
RSUs fair value term (years)
Outstanding at January 1, 2022 1,030,124 $ 10.49 1.17
Granted 260,693 28.61 2.09
Vested (564,932) 10.21 —
Forfeited (23,220) 13.29 —
Outstanding at September 30, 2022 702,665 $ 17.52 1.22

As of September 30, 2022, there was a total of $10.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested awards under share-based plans. This cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.3 years. Related compensation expense for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $2.1 million and $2.1 million, respectively. Related compensation expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $5.6 million and $6.5 million, respectively. The total issuance date fair value of RSUs vested and options exercised during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $6.0 million and $7.6 million, respectively. The total intrinsic value of the options exercised and RSUs vested in those respective periods was $14.7 million and $25.3 million, respectively.

For the periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company estimated the fair value of each stock option grant on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes options pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions:

September 30,
2022 2021
Risk-free interest rate 1.94% 1.19%
Expected dividend yield — —
Expected volatility 45.10% 45.61%
Expected lives (years) 6.3 6.3

Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s stock and peer group comparisons over the expected life of the grant. The risk-free rate for periods within the expected life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury strip rate in effect at the time of the grant. The life of the option is based on historical factors which include the contractual term, vesting period, exercise behavior and employee terminations. In accordance with ASC 718, Stock Based Compensation, stock based compensation expense for the period ended September 30, 2022 is based on awards that are ultimately expected to vest and has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. The Company estimated forfeitures using historical data based upon the groups identified by management.

Note 4. Earnings Per Share

The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share”. Basic earnings per share exclude dilution and are computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share takes into account the potential dilution that could occur if securities, including stock options and RSUs or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised and converted into common stock. Stock options are dilutive if exercise prices are less than current stock prices. RSUs are dilutive because they represent grants over vesting periods which do not require employees to pay exercise prices. The dilution shown in the tables below includes the potential dilution from both stock options and RSUs.

The following tables show the Company’s earnings per share for the periods presented:

For the three months ended
September 30, 2022
Income Shares Per share
(numerator) (denominator) amount
(Dollars in thousands except share and per share data)
Basic earnings per share
Net earnings available to common shareholders $ 30,604 56,429,425 $ 0.54
Effect of dilutive securities
Common stock options and restricted stock units — 578,799 —
Diluted earnings per share
Net earnings available to common shareholders $ 30,604 57,008,224 $ 0.54

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Stock options for 407,604 shares, exercisable at prices between $6.87 and $10.45 per share, were outstanding at September 30, 2022, and included in the diluted earnings per share computation because the exercise price per share was less than the average market price. Stock options for 200,000 shares were anti-dilutive and not included in the earnings per share calculation.

For the nine months ended
September 30, 2022
Income Shares Per share
(numerator) (denominator) amount
(Dollars in thousands except share and per share data)
Basic earnings per share
Net earnings available to common shareholders $ 89,972 56,782,524 $ 1.58
Effect of dilutive securities
Common stock options and restricted stock units — 728,462 (0.02)
Diluted earnings per share
Net earnings available to common shareholders $ 89,972 57,510,986 $ 1.56

Stock options for 407,604 shares, exercisable at prices between $6.87 and $10.45 per share, were outstanding at September 30, 2022, and included in the diluted earnings per share computation because the exercise price per share was less than the average market price. Stock options for 200,000 shares were anti-dilutive and not included in the earnings per share calculation.

For the three months ended
September 30, 2021
Income Shares Per share
(numerator) (denominator) amount
(dollars in thousands except share and per share data)
Basic earnings per share from continuing operations
Net earnings available to common shareholders $ 28,195 57,198,778 $ 0.49
Effect of dilutive securities
Common stock options and restricted stock units — 1,429,528 (0.01)
Diluted earnings per share
Net earnings available to common shareholders $ 28,195 58,628,306 $ 0.48
For the three months ended
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
September 30, 2021
Income Shares Per share
(numerator) (denominator) amount
(dollars in thousands except share and per share data)
Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations
Net earnings available to common shareholders $ 66 57,198,778 $ —
Effect of dilutive securities
Common stock options and restricted stock units — 1,429,528 —
Diluted earnings per share
Net earnings available to common shareholders $ 66 58,628,306 $ —
For the three months ended
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
September 30, 2021
Income Shares Per share
(numerator) (denominator) amount
(dollars in thousands except share and per share data)
Basic earnings per share
Net earnings available to common shareholders $ 28,261 57,198,778 $ 0.49
Effect of dilutive securities
Common stock options and restricted stock units — 1,429,528 (0.01)
Diluted earnings per share
Net earnings available to common shareholders $ 28,261 58,628,306 $ 0.48

Notes: The total of diluted earnings per share from continuing and discontinued operations does not equal diluted earnings per share due to rounding.

In 2022, after reclassification of discontinued assets to continuing operations, there was no further income or expense for discontinued operations.

Stock options for 504,104 shares, exercisable at prices between $6.87 and $18.81 per share, were outstanding at September 30, 2021, and included in the dilutive earnings per share computation. Stock options for 100,000 shares were anti-dilutive and not included in the earnings per share calculation.

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For the nine months ended
September 30, 2021
Income Shares Per share
(numerator) (denominator) amount
(dollars in thousands except share and per share data)
Basic earnings per share from continuing operations
Net earnings available to common shareholders $ 83,413 57,221,174 $ 1.45
Effect of dilutive securities
Common stock options and restricted stock units — 1,710,972 (0.04)
Diluted earnings per share
Net earnings available to common shareholders $ 83,413 58,932,146 $ 1.41
For the nine months ended
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
September 30, 2021
Income Shares Per share
(numerator) (denominator) amount
(dollars in thousands except share and per share data)
Basic earnings per share from discontinued operations
Net earnings available to common shareholders $ 248 57,221,174 $ 0.01
Effect of dilutive securities
Common stock options and restricted stock units — 1,710,972 —
Diluted earnings per share
Net earnings available to common shareholders $ 248 58,932,146 $ 0.01
For the nine months ended
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
September 30, 2021
Income Shares Per share
(numerator) (denominator) amount
(dollars in thousands except share and per share data)
Basic earnings per share
Net earnings available to common shareholders $ 83,661 57,221,174 $ 1.46
Effect of dilutive securities
Common stock options and restricted stock units — 1,710,972 (0.04)
Diluted earnings per share
Net earnings available to common shareholders $ 83,661 58,932,146 $ 1.42

Stock options for 504,104 shares, exercisable at prices between $6.87 and $18.81 per share, were outstanding at September 30, 2021, and included in the dilutive earnings per share computation. Stock options for 100,000 shares were anti-dilutive and not included in the earnings per share calculation.

Note 5. Investment Securities

The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair values of the Company’s investment securities classified as available-for-sale at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are summarized as follows (in thousands):

Available-for-sale September 30, 2022
Gross Gross
Amortized unrealized unrealized Fair
cost gains losses value
U.S. Government agency securities $ 25,872 $ 14 $ (1,604) $ 24,282
Asset-backed securities * 354,690 — (13,709) 340,981
Tax-exempt obligations of states and political subdivisions 3,559 — (102) 3,457
Taxable obligations of states and political subdivisions 45,696 54 (1,718) 44,032
Residential mortgage-backed securities 154,920 120 (10,726) 144,314
Collateralized mortgage obligation securities 46,479 — (1,717) 44,762
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 194,856 — (12,890) 181,966
Corporate debt securities 10,000 — (3,200) 6,800
$ 836,072 $ 188 $ (45,666) $ 790,594
September 30, 2022
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Gross Gross
Amortized unrealized unrealized Fair
* Asset-backed securities as shown above cost gains losses value
Federally insured student loan securities $ 18,692 $ — $ (244) $ 18,448
Collateralized loan obligation securities 335,998 — (13,465) 322,533
$ 354,690 $ — $ (13,709) $ 340,981

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Available-for-sale December 31, 2021
Gross Gross
Amortized unrealized unrealized Fair
cost gains losses value
U.S. Government agency securities $ 36,182 $ 1,167 $ (47) $ 37,302
Asset-backed securities * 360,332 327 (241) 360,418
Tax-exempt obligations of states and political subdivisions 3,559 172 — 3,731
Taxable obligations of states and political subdivisions 45,984 2,422 — 48,406
Residential mortgage-backed securities 179,778 4,804 (281) 184,301
Collateralized mortgage obligation securities 60,778 1,083 — 61,861
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 248,599 4,106 (1,629) 251,076
Corporate debt securities 10,000 — (3,386) 6,614
$ 945,212 $ 14,081 $ (5,584) $ 953,709
December 31, 2021
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Gross Gross
Amortized unrealized unrealized Fair
* Asset-backed securities as shown above cost gains losses value
Federally insured student loan securities $ 22,518 $ 13 $ (73) $ 22,458
Collateralized loan obligation securities 337,814 314 (168) 337,960
$ 360,332 $ 327 $ (241) $ 360,418

Investments in Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”), Atlantic Central Bankers Bank stock, and Federal Reserve Bank stock are recorded at cost and amounted to $12.6 million and $1.7 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Bank’s conversion to a national charter required the purchase of $11.0 million of Federal Reserve Bank stock in September of 2022. The amount of FHLB stock required to be held is based on the amount of borrowings, and after repayment thereof, the stock may be redeemed.

The amortized cost and fair value of the Company’s investment securities at September 30, 2022, by contractual maturity, are shown below (in thousands). Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

Available-for-sale
Amortized Fair
cost value
Due before one year $ 27,387 $ 27,232
Due after one year through five years 144,209 137,727
Due after five years through ten years 229,430 219,888
Due after ten years 435,046 405,747
$ 836,072 $ 790,594

At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, no investment securities were encumbered through pledging or otherwise, as borrowings were collateralized with loans.

Fair values of available-for-sale securities are based on the fair market values supplied by a third-party market data provider, or where such third-party market data is not available, fair values are based on discounted cash flows. The third-party market data provider uses a pricing matrix which it creates daily, taking into consideration actual trade data, projected prepayments, and when relevant, projected credit defaults and losses.

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The table below indicates the length of time individual securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

Available-for-sale Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
Number of securities Fair Value Unrealized losses Fair Value Unrealized losses Fair Value Unrealized losses
Description of Securities
U.S. Government agency securities 12 $ 20,101 $ (1,571) $ 2,409 $ (33) $ 22,510 $ (1,604)
Asset-backed securities 58 179,430 (5,571) 161,551 (8,138) 340,981 (13,709)
Tax-exempt obligations of states and
political subdivisions 4 3,457 (102) — — 3,457 (102)
Taxable obligations of states and
political subdivisions 26 39,727 (1,718) — — 39,727 (1,718)
Residential mortgage-backed securities 132 124,133 (9,413) 8,513 (1,313) 132,646 (10,726)
Collateralized mortgage obligation securities 22 44,762 (1,717) — — 44,762 (1,717)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 43 143,893 (7,450) 38,073 (5,440) 181,966 (12,890)
Corporate debt securities 1 — — 6,800 (3,200) 6,800 (3,200)
Total unrealized loss position
investment securities 298 $ 555,503 $ (27,542) $ 217,346 $ (18,124) $ 772,849 $ (45,666)

The table below indicates the length of time individual securities had been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2021 (dollars in thousands):

Available-for-sale Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
Number of securities Fair Value Unrealized losses Fair Value Unrealized losses Fair Value Unrealized losses
Description of Securities
U.S. Government agency securities 2 $ — $ — $ 2,700 $ (47) $ 2,700 $ (47)
Asset-backed securities 42 243,598 (235) 1,197 (6) 244,795 (241)
Residential mortgage-backed securities 30 21,640 (159) 5,160 (122) 26,800 (281)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 12 3,334 (43) 91,355 (1,586) 94,689 (1,629)
Corporate debt securities 1 — — 6,614 (3,386) 6,614 (3,386)
Total unrealized loss position
investment securities 87 $ 268,572 $ (437) $ 107,026 $ (5,147) $ 375,598 $ (5,584)

The Company owns one single issuer trust preferred security issued by an insurance company. The security is not rated by any bond rating service. At September 30, 2022, it had a book value of $10.0 million and a fair value of $6.8 million. This security is presented in the corporate debt securities classification in the tables above.

The Company has evaluated the securities in the above tables as of September 30, 2022 and has concluded that none of these securities required an allowance for credit loss. The Company evaluates whether an allowance for credit loss is required by considering primarily the following factors: (a) the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost of the security, (b) changes in the financial condition, credit rating and near-term prospects of the issuer, (c) whether the issuer is current on contractually obligated interest and principal payments, (d) changes in the financial condition of the security’s underlying collateral and (e) the payment structure of the security. The Company’s determination of the best estimate of expected future cash flows, which is used to determine the credit loss amount, is a quantitative and qualitative process that incorporates information received from third-party sources along with internal assumptions and judgments regarding the future performance of the security. The Company concluded that the securities that are in an unrealized loss position are in a loss position because of changes in market interest rates after the securities were purchased. The Company’s unrealized loss for other debt securities, which include one single issuer trust preferred security, is primarily related to general market conditions, including a lack of liquidity in the market. The severity of the impact of fair value in relation to the carrying amounts of the individual investments is consistent with market developments. The Company’s analysis of each investment is performed at the security level. As a result of its review, the Company concluded that an allowance was not required to recognize credit losses.

Note 6. Loans

The Company has several lending lines of business including: small business comprised primarily of SBA loans; direct lease financing primarily for commercial vehicles and to a lesser extent equipment; SBLOC collateralized by marketable securities; IBLOC collateralized by the cash value of eligible life insurance policies; and investment advisor financing for purposes of debt refinance, acquisition of another firm or internal succession. Prior to 2020, the Company also originated commercial real estate bridge loans for sale into securitizations. At origination, the Company elected fair value treatment for these loans as they were originally held-for-sale, to better reflect the economics of the transactions. Currently, the Company intends to hold these loans on its balance sheet, and thus no

15

longer accounts for these loans as held-for-sale. The Company continues to present these loans at fair value. At September 30, 2022, the total commercial loans, at fair value were $818.0 million, and the unpaid principal balance was $826.0 million, including the guaranteed portion of certain SBA loans also previously held for sale. Included in “Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on commercial loans, at fair value” in the consolidated statements of operations were changes in the fair value of such loans. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, related net unrealized losses recognized for changes in fair value were $5.3 million, which reflected $6.4 million of losses attributable to credit weaknesses. Included in the $6.4 million was a $4.0 million third quarter unrealized loss to reflect a write-down to a September 2022 appraisal, less estimated disposition costs, of a $9.5 million loan. The loan, collateralized by a movie theater, had been current and performing but missed its August 2022 payment, and ceased operations in that month. Additionally, during the third quarter of 2022, the parent company of the theater chain declared bankruptcy and filed a motion to reject the lease at the property. The loan was previously measured based on its scheduled contractual cash flows, discounted at a market rate. However, based on the events occurring during the quarter and the current likelihood of foreclosure, the estimated fair value of the loan at September 30, 2022 was determined to equal the fair value of the theater based on the aforementioned new appraisal, less the estimated cost of disposition. The loan represents the only movie theater loan in the Company’s portfolios and was originated in 2015, before non-SBA commercial loan originations were primarily comprised of apartment building loans. Of the $2.15 billion of non-SBA commercial loans, at fair value and REBL loans which together comprise the non-SBA CRE portfolios, $2.05 billion are comprised of apartment building loans. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, unrealized losses recognized for such changes in fair value were $285,000 of which $15,000 was attributable to credit weaknesses. In the third quarter of 2021, the Company resumed the origination of such loans which it also intends to hold for investment and which are accounted for at amortized cost. They are captioned as REBLs as they are transitional commercial mortgage loans which are made to improve and rehabilitate existing properties which already have cash flow. The Bank pledged the majority of its loans held for investment at amortized cost and commercial loans at fair value to either the Federal Home Loan Bank or the Federal Reserve Bank for lines of credit with those institutions. The Federal Home Loan Bank line is periodically utilized to manage liquidity, but the Federal Reserve line has not generally been used. However, in light of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve has encouraged banks to utilize their lines to maximize the amount of funding available for credit markets. Accordingly, the Bank has periodically borrowed against its Federal Reserve line on an overnight basis. The amount of loans pledged varies and the collateral may be unpledged at any time to the extent the collateral exceeds advances. The lines are maintained consistent with the Bank’s liquidity policy which maximizes potential liquidity. At September 30, 2022, $2.01 billion of loans were pledged to the Federal Reserve and $1.41 billion of loans were pledged to the Federal Home Loan Bank. At September 30, 2022, there was $0 outstanding against the Federal Reserve line and $0 outstanding against the Federal Home Loan Bank line.

Prior to 2020, the Company sponsored the structuring of commercial mortgage loan securitizations, and in 2020, the Company decided not to pursue additional securitizations. The loans previously sold to the commercial mortgage-backed securitizations were transitional commercial mortgage loans made to improve and rehabilitate existing properties which already have cash flow. Servicing rights were not retained. Each of the securitizations is considered a variable interest entity of which the Company is not the primary beneficiary. Further, true sale accounting has been applicable to each of the securitizations, as supported by a review performed by an independent third-party consultant. In each of the securitizations, the Company obtained a tranche of certificates which are accounted for as available-for-sale debt securities. The securities were recorded at fair value at acquisition, which was determined by an independent third-party based on the discounted cash flow method using unobservable (level 3) inputs. Of the six securities resulting from our securitizations all have been repaid except that from CRE-2. As of September 30, 2022, the principal balance of the security we own issued by CRE-2 was $12.6 million. Repayment is expected from the workout or disposition of commercial real estate collateral, after repayment of the one remaining senior tranche. The Company’s $12.6 million security has 50% excess credit support; thus, losses of 50% of remaining security balances would have to be incurred, prior to any loss on our security. Additionally, the commercial real estate collateral supporting the three remaining loans was re-appraised between 2020 and 2022. The updated appraised value is approximately $60.9 million, which is net of $573,000 due to the servicer. The remaining principal to be repaid on all securities is approximately $58.1 million and, as noted, the Company’s security is scheduled to be repaid prior to 50% of the outstanding securities. However, any future reappraisals could result in further decreases in credit enhancement, and if such decreases exceed such credit enhancements, losses could result. While available information indicates that the value of existing collateral will be adequate to repay the Company’s security, there can be no assurance that such valuations will be realized upon loan resolutions, and that deficiencies will not exceed the 50% credit support. Of the remaining three loans, the property collateral for two of the loans is expected to be liquidated through sale. The third loan was originally extended two years to June of 2022 and terms have not yet been reached for another extension, thus putting the loan in maturity default. If not extended by the special servicer, the property will be foreclosed and sold. The property was appraised at $28.4 million on September 1, 2020 with total exposure in the security of $25.0 million. A recent broker opinion of property liquidation value was $20.9 million. The existing 50% credit enhancement continues to provide repayment protection for the Bank owned tranche.

The Company analyzes credit risk prior to making loans on an individual loan basis. The Company considers relevant aspects of the borrowers’ financial position and cash flow, past borrower performance, management’s knowledge of market conditions, collateral and the ratio of loan amounts to estimated collateral value in making its credit determinations.

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Major classifications of loans, excluding commercial loans at fair value, are as follows (in thousands):

September 30, December 31,
2022 2021
SBL non-real estate $ 116,080 $ 147,722
SBL commercial mortgage 429,865 361,171
SBL construction 26,841 27,199
Small business loans 572,786 536,092
Direct lease financing 599,796 531,012
SBLOC / IBLOC * 2,369,106 1,929,581
Advisor financing ** 168,559 115,770
Real estate bridge loans 1,488,119 621,702
Other loans *** 64,980 5,014
5,263,346 3,739,171
Unamortized loan fees and costs 4,029 8,053
Total loans, including unamortized loan fees and costs $ 5,267,375 $ 3,747,224
December 31,
--- --- --- ---
2021
SBL loans, including costs net of deferred fees of 6,370 and 5,345
for September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively 579,156 $ 541,437
SBL loans included in commercial loans, at fair value 159,914 199,585
Total small business loans **** 739,070 $ 741,022

All values are in US Dollars.

* Securities Backed Lines of Credit, or SBLOC, are collateralized by marketable securities, while Insurance Backed Lines of Credit, or IBLOC, are collateralized by the cash surrender value of insurance policies. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, IBLOC loans amounted to $1.10 billion and $788.3 million.

** In 2020 the Company began originating loans to investment advisors for purposes of debt refinance, acquisition of another firm or internal succession. Maximum loan amounts are subject to loan-to-value ratios of 70%, based on third-party business appraisals, but may be increased depending upon the debt service coverage ratio. Personal guarantees and blanket business liens are obtained as appropriate.

*** Includes demand deposit overdrafts reclassified as loan balances totaling $1.0 million and $322,000 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Estimated overdraft charge-offs and recoveries are reflected in the allowance for credit losses and have been immaterial. September 30, 2022 includes $54.2 million of balances previously included in discontinued assets including $19.5 million of residential mortgage loans, with the balance comprised of commercial loans.

**** The small business loans held at fair value are comprised of the government guaranteed portion of SBA 7a loans at the dates indicated (in thousands).

The following table provides information about loans individually evaluated for credit loss at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

September 30, 2022
Recorded<br>‎investment Unpaid<br>‎principal<br>‎balance Related<br>‎allowance Average<br>‎recorded<br>‎investment Interest<br>‎income<br>‎recognized
Without an allowance recorded
SBL non-real estate $ 357 $ 3,526 $ — $ 385 $ 7
SBL commercial mortgage — — — 56 —
Direct lease financing — — — 66 —
Other loans 3,552 3,552 — 1,184 113
Consumer - home equity 298 298 — 309 7
With an allowance recorded
SBL non-real estate 990 990 (594) 1,303 6
SBL commercial mortgage 1,423 1,423 (222) 1,006 —
SBL construction 710 710 (34) 710 —
Other loans 592 592 (13) 2,974 —
Total
SBL non-real estate 1,347 4,516 (594) 1,688 13
SBL commercial mortgage 1,423 1,423 (222) 1,062 —
SBL construction 710 710 (34) 710 —
Direct lease financing — — — 66 —
Other loans 4,144 4,144 (13) 4,158 113
Consumer - home equity 298 298 — 309 7
$ 7,922 $ 11,091 $ (863) $ 7,993 $ 133

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December 31, 2021
Recorded<br>‎investment Unpaid<br>‎principal<br>‎balance Related<br>‎allowance Average<br>‎recorded<br>‎investment Interest<br>‎income<br>‎recognized
Without an allowance recorded
SBL non-real estate $ 409 $ 3,414 $ — $ 412 $ 5
SBL commercial mortgage 223 246 — 1,717 —
Direct lease financing 254 254 — 430 —
Consumer - home equity 320 320 — 458 8
With an allowance recorded
SBL non-real estate 1,478 1,478 (829) 2,267 13
SBL commercial mortgage 589 589 (115) 2,634 —
SBL construction 710 710 (34) 711 —
Direct lease financing — — — 132 —
Consumer - other — — — 5 —
Total
SBL non-real estate 1,887 4,892 (829) 2,679 18
SBL commercial mortgage 812 835 (115) 4,351 —
SBL construction 710 710 (34) 711 —
Direct lease financing 254 254 — 562 —
Consumer - other — — — 5 —
Consumer - home equity 320 320 — 458 8
$ 3,983 $ 7,011 $ (978) $ 8,766 $ 26

The loan review department recommends non-accrual status for loans to the surveillance committee, where interest income appears to be uncollectible or a protracted delay in collection becomes evident. The surveillance committee further vets and approves the non-accrual status.

The following table summarizes non-accrual loans with and without an allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) as of the periods indicated

(in thousands):

September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Non-accrual loans with a related ACL Non-accrual loans without a related ACL Total non-accrual loans Total non-accrual loans
SBL non-real estate $ 861 $ 216 $ 1,077 $ 1,313
SBL commercial mortgage 1,423 — 1,423 812
SBL construction 710 — 710 710
Direct leasing — — — 254
Consumer - home equity — 58 58 72
Other loans 592 — 592 —
$ 3,586 $ 274 $ 3,860 $ 3,161

The Company had $18.9 million of other real estate owned at September 30, 2022 and $18.9 million of other real estate owned at December 31, 2021. The following table summarizes the Company’s non-accrual loans, loans past due 90 days or more, and other real estate owned at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively:

September 30, December 31,
2022 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans
SBL non-real estate $ 1,077 $ 1,313
SBL commercial mortgage 1,423 812
SBL construction 710 710
Direct leasing — 254
Other loans 592 —
Consumer - home equity 58 72
Total non-accrual loans 3,860 3,161
Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing 4,415 461
Total non-performing loans 8,275 3,622
Other real estate owned 18,873 18,873
Total non-performing assets $ 27,148 $ 22,495

Interest which would have been earned on loans classified as non-accrual for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, was $133,000 and $247,000, respectively. No income on non-accrual loans was recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. In the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 a total of $208,000 and $39,000, respectively, was reversed from interest income, which represented interest accrued on loans placed into non-accrual status during the period.

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The Company’s loans that were modified as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and considered troubled debt restructurings are as follows (dollars in thousands):

September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Number Pre-modification recorded investment Post-modification recorded investment Number Pre-modification recorded investment Post-modification recorded investment
SBL non-real estate 8 $ 657 $ 657 9 $ 1,231 $ 1,231
SBL commercial mortgage 1 834 834 — — —
Other loans 1 3,552 3,552 — — —
Consumer - home equity 1 241 241 1 248 248
Total^(1)^ 11 $ 5,284 $ 5,284 10 $ 1,479 $ 1,479

^(1)^Troubled debt restructurings include non-accrual loans of $1.2 million and $656,000 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The balances below provide information as to how the loans were modified as troubled debt restructuring loans as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Adjusted interest rate Extended maturity Combined rate and maturity Adjusted interest rate Extended maturity Combined rate and maturity
SBL non-real estate $ — $ — $ 657 $ — $ — $ 1,231
SBL commercial mortgage — — 834 — — —
Other loans — — 3,552 — — —
Consumer - home equity — — 241 — — 248
Total^(1)^ $ — $ — $ 5,284 $ — $ — $ 1,479

^(1)^Troubled debt restructurings include non-accrual loans of $1.2 million and $656,000 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The Company had no commitments to extend additional credit to loans classified as troubled debt restructurings as of September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

When loans are classified as troubled debt restructurings, the Company estimates the value of underlying collateral and repayment sources. A specific reserve in the allowance for credit losses is established if the collateral valuation, less estimated disposition costs, is lower than the recorded loan value. The amount of the specific reserve serves to increase the provision for credit losses in the quarter the loan is classified as a troubled debt restructuring. As of September 30, 2022, there were 11 troubled debt restructured loans with a balance of $5.3 million which had specific reserves of $447,000. As of December 31, 2021, there were 10 troubled debt restructured loans with a balance of $1.5 million which had specific reserves of $476,000. Substantially all of these reserves related to the non-guaranteed portion of SBA loans for start-up businesses.

The following table summarizes loans that were restructured within the 12 months ended September 30, 2022 that have subsequently defaulted (in thousands):

September 30, 2022
Number Pre-modification recorded investment
SBL non-real estate 1 $ 334
Total 1 $ 334

Management estimates the allowance for credit losses using relevant available internal and external historical loan performance information, current economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the initial basis for the estimation of expected credit losses over the estimated remaining life of the loans. The methodology used in the estimation of the allowance, which is performed at least quarterly, is designed to be responsive to changes in portfolio credit quality and the impact of current and future economic conditions on loan performance. The review of the appropriateness of the allowance is performed by the Chief Credit Officer and presented to the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors for their review. With the exception of SBLOC and IBLOC, which utilize probability of loss/loss given default, and the other loan category, which uses discounted cash flow to determine a reserve, the allowances for other categories are determined by establishing reserves on loan pools with similar risk characteristics based on a lifetime loss-rate model, or vintage analysis, as described in the following paragraph. Loans that do not share risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. If foreclosure is believed to be probable or repayment is expected from the sale of the collateral, a reserve for deficiency is established within the allowance. Those reserves are estimated based on the difference between loan principal and the estimated fair value of the collateral, adjusted for estimated disposition costs.

Except for SBLOC, IBLOC and other loans as noted above, for purposes of determining the pool-basis reserve, the loans not assigned an individual reserve are segregated by product type, to recognize differing risk characteristics within portfolio segments, and an average historical loss rate is calculated for each product type. Loss rates are computed by classifying net charge-offs by year of loan origin, and

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dividing into total originations for that specific year. This methodology is referred to as vintage analysis. The average loss rate is then projected over the estimated remaining loan lives unique to each loan pool, to determine estimated lifetime losses. For SBLOC and IBLOC, since losses have not been incurred, probability of loss/loss given default considerations are utilized. For the other loan category discounted cash flow is utilized to determine a reserve. For all loan pools the Company considers the need for an additional allowance based upon qualitative factors such as the Company’s current loan performance statistics as determined by pool. These qualitative factors are intended to account for forward looking expectations over a twelve to eighteen month period not reflected in historical loss rates and otherwise unaccounted for in the quantitative process. Accordingly, such factors may increase or decrease the allowance compared to historical loss rates as the Company’s forward looking expectations change. Aside from the qualitative adjustments to account for forward looking expectations of loss over a twelve to eighteen month projection period, the balance of the allowance reverts directly to the Company’s quantitative analysis derived from its historical loss rates.

A similar process is employed to calculate an allowance assigned to off-balance sheet commitments, which are comprised of unfunded loan commitments and letters of credit. That allowance for unfunded commitments is recorded in other liabilities. Even though portions of the allowance may be allocated to loans that have been individually measured for credit deterioration, the entire allowance is available for any credit that, in management’s judgment, should be charged off.

The Company ranks its qualitative factors in five levels: minimal, low, moderate, moderate-high and high risk. The individual qualitative factors for each portfolio segment have their own scale based on an analysis of that segment. A high risk ranking has the greatest impact on the allowance calculation with each level below having a lesser impact on a sliding scale. The qualitative factors used for each portfolio are described below in the description of each portfolio segment. When the Company adopted CECL as of January 1, 2020, the management assumption was that some degree of economic slowdown should be considered over the next eighteen months. That belief reflected the length of the current economic expansion and the relatively high level of unsustainable U.S. government deficit spending. Accordingly, certain of the Company’s qualitative factors were set at moderate as of January 1, 2020. Based on the uncertainty as to how the COVID-19 pandemic would impact the Company’s loan pools, the Company increased other qualitative factors to moderate and moderate high in 2020. In the second quarter of 2021, the Company reassessed these factors and reversed increases to moderate-high for certain pools, based upon increased vaccination rates and significant reopening of the economy. As a result of continuing economic uncertainty in 2022, including heightened inflation and increased risks of recession, the qualitative factors were maintained at their original levels, which had been set in anticipation of a downturn. The potential impact of heightened inflation was also considered by line of business heads, credit leadership and other staff. Two areas were identified which might be specifically impacted. First, Federal Reserve rate increases will directly increase a real estate bridge loan sponsors’ floating rate borrowing costs, and may also impair repayment ability in the future. However, borrowers generally are required to purchase interest rate caps that will partially limit the increase in borrowing costs during the term of the loan. Additionally, higher rents in the multifamily sector provide a significant risk mitigant to that portfolio which consists of apartment buildings, which we generally consider to be workforce housing in selected states and locales. Second, inflation in fuel prices poses a risk to the Company’s vehicle fleet leases, specifically for less fuel efficient vehicles for which demand and values may decrease. However, used vehicle prices are anticipated to be sustained for an additional twelve to eighteen months, impacted by chip shortages which may persist into 2024.

The economic qualitative factor is based on the estimated impact of economic conditions on the loan pools, as distinguished from the economic factors themselves, for the following reasons. The Company has not experienced charge-offs for either real estate bridge lending or similarly underwritten loans in its predecessor commercial loans, at fair value portfolio, despite stressed economic conditions. Additionally, there have been no losses for multi-family (apartment buildings) in the Company’s securitizations. Accordingly, the estimated credit losses for this pool were derived purely from industry loss information for multi-family housing. The estimated reserve on the multi-family portfolio is currently derived from that industry qualitative factor. Similarly, the Company’s charge-offs have been virtually non-existent for SBLOC and IBLOC notwithstanding stressed economic periods. Investment advisor loans were first offered in 2020 with limited performance history, during which charge-offs have not been experienced. For investment advisor loans, the nature of the underlying ultimate repayment source was considered, namely the fee-based advisory income streams resulting from investment portfolios under management and the impact changes in economic conditions would have on those payment streams. Additionally, the Company’s charge-off histories for small business loans, primarily SBA, and leases have not correlated with economic conditions, including trends in unemployment. While specific economic factors did not correlate with actual historical losses, multiple economic factors are considered. For the non-guaranteed portion of SBA loans, leases, real estate bridge lending and investment advisor financing the Company’s loss forecasting analysis included a review of industry statistics. However, the Company’s own charge-off history and average life estimates, for categories in which the Company has experienced charge-offs, was the primary quantitatively derived element in the forecasts. The qualitative component results from management’s qualitative assessments. In the second quarter of 2022, the Company adjusted its collateral qualitative factor for small business loans downward to account for a greater percentage of government guaranteed balances in applicable pools as compared to prior periods. Additionally, in the second quarter of 2022, allowances on credit deteriorated loans were reduced. The largest reduction was $1.0 million which resulted when single family units from a construction loan were sold for higher than expected prices. That loan had been included in discontinued loans prior to first quarter 2022, when discontinued assets were reclassified to continuing operations. The Company no longer engages in new construction residential lending.

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Below are the portfolio segments used to pool loans with similar risk characteristics and align with the Company’s methodology for measuring expected credit losses. These pools have similar risk and collateral characteristics, and certain of these pools are broken down further in determining and applying the vintage loss estimates previously discussed. For instance, within the direct lease financing pool, government and public institution leases are considered separately. Additionally, the Company evaluates its loans under an internal loan risk rating system as a means of identifying problem loans. The special mention classification indicates weaknesses that may, if not cured, threaten the borrower’s future repayment ability. A substandard classification reflects an existing weakness indicating the possible inadequacy of net worth and other repayment sources. These classifications are used both by regulators and peers, as they have been correlated with an increased probability of credit losses. A summary of the Company’s primary portfolio pools and loans accordingly classified, by year of origination, at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

As of September 30, 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Revolving loans at amortized cost Total
SBL non real estate
Non-rated* $ 4,135 $ 6,321 $ 306 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 10,762
Pass 23,140 30,941 14,209 7,568 6,756 6,782 — 89,396
Special mention — — — — 603 303 — 906
Substandard — — 334 190 — 2,819 — 3,343
Total SBL non-real estate 27,275 37,262 14,849 7,758 7,359 9,904 — 104,407
SBL commercial mortgage
Non-rated 15,964 — — — — — — 15,964
Pass 68,176 99,428 58,784 65,792 42,986 69,141 — 404,307
Special mention — — 141 1,853 — 644 — 2,638
Substandard — — — — 834 589 — 1,423
Total SBL commercial mortgage 84,140 99,428 58,925 67,645 43,820 70,374 — 424,332
SBL construction
Non-rated 286 — — — — — — 286
Pass 1,751 11,633 9,756 2,704 — — — 25,844
Substandard — — — — — 710 — 710
Total SBL construction 2,037 11,633 9,756 2,704 — 710 — 26,840
Direct lease financing
Non-rated 65,992 33,930 9,081 1,302 508 146 — 110,959
Pass 189,365 145,489 98,078 36,550 12,753 3,274 — 485,509
Special mention 31 — 68 — 9 — — 108
Substandard 1,598 653 951 18 — — — 3,220
Total direct lease financing 256,986 180,072 108,178 37,870 13,270 3,420 — 599,796
SBLOC
Non-rated — — — — — — 830 830
Pass — — — — — — 1,264,187 1,264,187
Total SBLOC — — — — — — 1,265,017 1,265,017
IBLOC
Non-rated — — — — — — 548,178 548,178
Pass — — — — — — 555,911 555,911
Total IBLOC — — — — — — 1,104,089 1,104,089
Advisor financing
Non-rated 17,259 3,712 — — — — — 20,971
Pass 41,498 66,560 39,530 — — — — 147,588
Total advisor financing 58,757 70,272 39,530 — — — — 168,559
Real estate bridge loans
Pass 840,423 647,696 — — — — — 1,488,119
Total real estate bridge loans 840,423 647,696 — — — — — 1,488,119
Other loans
Non-rated 3,774 37 62 — — 21,714 522 26,109
Pass 227 368 2,612 2,794 3,741 40,930 1,205 51,877
Special mention — — — — — 3,552 — 3,552
Substandard — — — — — 592 57 649
Total other loans** 4,001 405 2,674 2,794 3,741 66,788 1,784 82,187
$ 1,273,619 $ 1,046,768 $ 233,912 $ 118,771 $ 68,190 $ 151,196 $ 2,370,890 $ 5,263,346
Unamortized loan fees and costs — — — — — — — 4,029
Total $ 5,267,375

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*Included in the SBL non real estate non-rated total of $10.8 million, were $6.6 million of PPP loans.

**Included in Other loans are $17.2 million of SBA loans purchased for Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) purposes as of September 30, 2022. These loans are classified as SBL in the Company’s loan table which classify loans by type, as opposed to risk characteristics.

As of December 31, 2021 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 Prior Revolving loans at amortized cost Total
SBL non real estate
Non-rated* $ 39,318 $ 7,257 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 46,575
Pass 34,172 15,934 8,794 8,988 5,088 9,809 — 82,785
Special mention — — 99 666 — 859 — 1,624
Substandard — — — 18 848 895 — 1,761
Total SBL non-real estate 73,490 23,191 8,893 9,672 5,936 11,563 — 132,745
SBL commercial mortgage
Non-rated 10,963 — — — — — — 10,963
Pass 79,166 57,554 75,290 43,820 37,607 46,016 — 339,453
Special mention — 141 1,853 — — 247 — 2,241
Substandard — — — — — 812 — 812
Total SBL commercial mortgage 90,129 57,695 77,143 43,820 37,607 47,075 — 353,469
SBL construction
Pass 6,869 12,629 1,880 5,111 — — — 26,489
Substandard — — — — — 710 — 710
Total SBL construction 6,869 12,629 1,880 5,111 — 710 — 27,199
.
Direct lease financing
Non-rated 56,152 13,271 1,933 1,115 355 104 — 72,930
Pass 214,780 145,256 58,337 26,662 8,574 2,105 — 455,714
Special mention — — — 22 38 — — 60
Substandard 526 1,679 38 22 31 12 — 2,308
Total direct lease financing 271,458 160,206 60,308 27,821 8,998 2,221 — 531,012
SBLOC
Non-rated — — — — — — 3,176 3,176
Pass — — — — — — 1,138,140 1,138,140
Total SBLOC — — — — — — 1,141,316 1,141,316
IBLOC
Non-rated — — — — — — 346,604 346,604
Pass — — — — — — 441,661 441,661
Total IBLOC — — — — — — 788,265 788,265
Advisor financing
Non-rated 38,330 258 — — — — — 38,588
Pass 33,776 43,406 — — — — — 77,182
Total advisor financing 72,106 43,664 — — — — — 115,770
Real estate bridge loans
Pass 621,702 — — — — — — 621,702
Total real estate bridge loans 621,702 — — — — — — 621,702
Other loans
Non-rated 396 152 — — — 216 656 1,420
Pass 373 113 3,081 4,553 5,212 11,604 1,264 26,200
Substandard — — — — — — 73 73
Total other loans** 769 265 3,081 4,553 5,212 11,820 1,993 27,693
Total $ 1,136,523 $ 297,650 $ 151,305 $ 90,977 $ 57,753 $ 73,389 $ 1,931,574 $ 3,739,171
Unamortized loan fees and costs — — — — — — — 8,053
Total $ 3,747,224

*Included in the SBL non real estate non-rated total of $46.6 million, were $44.8 million of PPP loans which are government guaranteed.

**Included in Other loans are $22.7 million of SBA loans purchased for CRA purposes as of December 31, 2021. These loans are classified as SBL in the Company’s loan table which classify loans by type, as opposed to risk characteristics.

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SBL. Substantially all small business loans consist of SBA loans. The Bank participates in loan programs established by the SBA, including the 7(a) Loan Guarantee Program, the 504 Fixed Asset Financing Program, and a temporary program, the PPP. The 7(a) Loan Guarantee Program is designed to help small business borrowers start or expand their businesses by providing partial guarantees of loans made by banks and non-bank lending institutions for specific business purposes, including long or short term working capital; funds for the purchase of equipment, machinery, supplies and materials; funds for the purchase, construction or renovation of real estate; and funds to acquire, operate or expand an existing business or refinance existing debt, all under conditions established by the SBA. The 504 Fixed Asset Financing Program includes the financing of real estate and commercial mortgages. In 2020 and 2021, the Company also participated in PPP, which provides short-term loans to small businesses. PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the U.S. government. This program was a specific response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the vast majority of these loans have been reimbursed by the U.S. government, with $6.6 million remaining to be reimbursed as of September 30, 2022. The Company segments the SBL portfolio into four pools: non real estate, commercial mortgage and construction to capture the risk characteristics of each pool, and the PPP loans discussed above. In the table above, the PPP loans are included in non-rated SBL non real estate. The qualitative factors for SBL loans focus on pool loan performance, underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans and changes in economic conditions. Additionally, the construction segment adds a qualitative factor for general construction risk, such as construction delays resulting from labor shortages or availability/pricing of construction materials. PPP loans, which are fully guaranteed, are not included in the risk pools because they have inherently different risk characteristics, because of the U.S. government guarantee.

Direct lease financing. The Company provides lease financing for commercial and government vehicle fleets and, to a lesser extent, provides lease financing for other equipment. Leases are either open-end or closed-end. An open-end lease is one in which, at the end of the lease term, the lessee must pay the difference between the amount at which the Company sells the leased asset and the stated termination value. Termination value is a contractual value agreed to by the parties at the inception of a lease as to the value of the leased asset at the end of the lease term. A closed-end lease is one for which no such payment is due on lease termination. In a closed-end lease, the risk that the amount received on a sale of the leased asset will be less than the residual value is assumed by the Bank, as lessor. The qualitative factors for direct lease financing focus on underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans, portfolio loan performance, loan concentrations and changes in economic conditions.

SBLOC. SBLOC loans are made to individuals, trusts and entities and are secured by a pledge of marketable securities maintained in one or more accounts for which the Company obtains a securities account control agreement. The securities pledged may be either debt or equity securities or a combination thereof, but all such securities must be listed for trading on a national securities exchange or automated inter-dealer quotation system. SBLOCs are typically payable on demand. Maximum SBLOC line amounts are calculated by applying a standard ‘advance rate’ calculation against the eligible security type depending on asset class: typically, up to 50% for equity securities and mutual fund securities and 80% for investment grade (Standard & Poor’s rating of BBB- or higher, or Moody’s rating of Baa3 or higher) municipal or corporate debt securities. Substantially all SBLOCs have full recourse to the borrower. The underlying securities collateral for SBLOC loans is monitored on a daily basis to confirm the composition of the client portfolio and its daily market value. The primary qualitative factor in the SBLOC analysis is the ratio of loans outstanding to market value. This factor has been maintained at low levels, which has remained appropriate as losses have not materialized despite the historic declines in the equity markets during 2020, during which there were no losses. Significant losses have not been incurred since inception of this line of business. Additionally, the advance rates noted above were established to provide the Company with protection from declines in market conditions from the origination date of the lines of credit.

IBLOC. IBLOC loans are collateralized by the cash surrender value of eligible insurance policies. Should a loan default, the primary risks for IBLOCs are if the insurance company issuing the policy were to become insolvent, or if that company would fail to recognize the Bank’s assignment of policy proceeds. To mitigate these risks, insurance company ratings are periodically evaluated for compliance with Bank standards. Additionally, the Bank utilizes assignments of cash surrender value, which legal counsel has concluded are enforceable. The qualitative factors for IBLOC primarily focus on the concentration risk with insurance companies.

Investment advisor financing. In 2020, the Bank began originating loans to investment advisors for purposes of debt refinance, acquisition of another firm or internal succession. Maximum loan amounts are subject to loan-to-value ratios of 70%, based on third party business appraisals, but may be increased depending upon the debt service coverage ratio. Personal guarantees and blanket business liens are obtained as appropriate. As credit losses have not been experienced, the allowance is determined by qualitative factors. The qualitative factors for investment advisor financing focus on historical industry losses, changes in lending policies and procedures, portfolio performance and economic conditions.

Real estate bridge loans. Real estate bridge loans are transitional commercial mortgage loans which are made to improve and rehabilitate existing properties which already have cash flow, and which are securitized by those properties. The portfolio is comprised primarily of apartment buildings. Prior to 2020, such loans were originated for securitization and loans which had been originated but not securitized continue to be accounted for at fair value in “Commercial loans, at fair value”, on the balance sheet. In 2021, originations resumed and are being held for investment in “Loans, net of deferred fees and costs”, on the balance sheet. As credit losses have not been experienced,

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the allowance is determined by qualitative factors. Qualitative factors focus on historical industry losses, changes in economic conditions, underlying collateral and portfolio performance.

Other loans. Other loans include commercial and consumer loans including home equity lines of credit of the type the Company generally no longer offers. Qualitative factors focus on changes in the underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans, portfolio loan performance, loan concentrations and changes in economic conditions.

Expected credit losses are estimated over the estimated remaining lives of loans. The estimate excludes possible extensions, renewals and modifications unless either of the following applies: management has a reasonable expectation that a loan will be restructured, or the extension or renewal options are included in the borrower contract and are not unconditionally cancellable by us.

The Company does not measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable balances, because these balances are written off in a timely manner as a reduction to interest income when loans are placed on non-accrual status.

Allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures. The Company estimates expected credit losses over the contractual period in which the Company is exposed to credit risk via a contractual obligation to extend credit, unless that obligation is unconditionally cancellable by the Company. The allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet credit exposures is adjusted through the provision for credit losses. The estimate considers the likelihood that funding will occur over the estimated life of the commitment. The amount of the allowance in the liability account as of September 30, 2022 and as of December 31, 2021 was $2.8 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

A detail of the changes in the allowance for credit losses by loan category and summary of loans evaluated individually and collectively for credit deterioration is as follows (in thousands):

September 30, 2022
SBL non-real estate SBL commercial mortgage SBL construction Direct lease financing SBLOC / IBLOC Advisor financing Real estate bridge loans Other loans Unallocated** Total
Beginning 1/1/2022 $ 5,415 $ 2,952 $ 432 $ 5,817 $ 964 $ 868 $ 1,181 $ 177 $ — $ 17,806
Charge-offs (861) — — (312) — — — — — (1,173)
Recoveries 57 — — 108 — — — — — 165
Provision (credit)* 300 (794) (6) 682 220 396 1,602 491 — 2,891
Ending balance $ 4,911 $ 2,158 $ 426 $ 6,295 $ 1,184 $ 1,264 $ 2,783 $ 668 $ — $ 19,689
Ending balance: Individually evaluated for expected credit loss $ 594 $ 222 $ 34 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 13 $ — $ 863
Ending balance: Collectively evaluated for expected credit loss $ 4,317 $ 1,936 $ 392 $ 6,295 $ 1,184 $ 1,264 $ 2,783 $ 655 $ — $ 18,826
Loans:
Ending balance** $ 116,080 $ 429,865 $ 26,841 $ 599,796 $ 2,369,106 $ 168,559 $ 1,488,119 $ 64,980 $ 4,029 $ 5,267,375
Ending balance: Individually evaluated for expected credit loss $ 1,347 $ 1,423 $ 710 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 4,442 $ — $ 7,922
Ending balance: Collectively evaluated for expected credit loss $ 114,733 $ 428,442 $ 26,131 $ 599,796 $ 2,369,106 $ 168,559 $ 1,488,119 $ 60,538 $ 4,029 $ 5,259,453

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December 31, 2021
SBL non-real estate SBL commercial mortgage SBL construction Direct lease financing SBLOC / IBLOC Advisor financing Real estate bridge loans Other loans Unallocated** Total
Beginning balance 1/1/2021 $ 5,060 $ 3,315 $ 328 $ 6,043 $ 775 $ 362 $ — $ 199 $ — $ 16,082
Charge-offs (1,138) (417) — (412) (15) — — (24) — (2,006)
Recoveries 51 9 — 58 — — — 1,099 — 1,217
Provision (reversal of)* 1,442 45 104 128 204 506 1,181 (1,097) — 2,513
Ending balance $ 5,415 $ 2,952 $ 432 $ 5,817 $ 964 $ 868 $ 1,181 $ 177 $ — $ 17,806
Ending balance: Individually evaluated for expected credit loss $ 829 $ 115 $ 34 $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ — $ 978
Ending balance: Collectively evaluated for expected credit loss $ 4,586 $ 2,837 $ 398 $ 5,817 $ 964 $ 868 $ 1,181 $ 177 $ — $ 16,828
Loans:
Ending balance** $ 147,722 $ 361,171 $ 27,199 $ 531,012 $ 1,929,581 $ 115,770 $ 621,702 $ 5,014 $ 8,053 $ 3,747,224
Ending balance: Individually evaluated for expected credit loss $ 1,887 $ 812 $ 710 $ 254 $ — $ — $ — $ 320 $ — $ 3,983
Ending balance: Collectively evaluated for expected credit loss $ 145,835 $ 360,359 $ 26,489 $ 530,758 $ 1,929,581 $ 115,770 $ 621,702 $ 4,694 $ 8,053 $ 3,743,241
September 30, 2021
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
SBL non-real estate SBL commercial mortgage SBL construction Direct lease financing SBLOC / IBLOC Advisor financing Real estate bridge loans Other loans Unallocated** Total
Beginning 1/1/2021 $ 5,060 $ 3,315 $ 328 $ 6,043 $ 775 $ 362 $ — $ 199 $ — $ 16,082
Charge-offs (896) (23) — (248) (15) — — (10) — (1,192)
Recoveries 18 9 — 50 — — — — — 77
Provision (reversal of)* 1,196 (506) 42 (208) 157 247 245 19 — 1,192
Ending balance $ 5,378 $ 2,795 $ 370 $ 5,637 $ 917 $ 609 $ 245 208 $ — $ 16,159
Ending balance: Individually evaluated for expected credit loss $ 1,163 $ 510 $ 34 $ 91 $ — $ — $ — $ 14 $ — $ 1,812
Ending balance: Collectively evaluated for expected credit loss $ 4,215 $ 2,285 $ 336 $ 5,546 $ 917 $ 609 $ 245 $ 194 $ — $ 14,347
Loans:
Ending balance** $ 171,845 $ 367,272 $ 23,117 $ 514,068 $ 1,834,523 $ 81,143 $ 128,699 $ 4,917 $ 11,078 $ 3,136,662
Ending balance: Individually evaluated for expected credit loss $ 2,233 $ 3,167 $ 711 $ 430 $ — $ — $ — $ 339 $ — $ 6,880
Ending balance: Collectively evaluated for expected credit loss $ 169,612 $ 364,105 $ 22,406 $ 513,638 $ 1,834,523 $ 81,143 $ 128,699 $ 4,578 $ 11,078 $ 3,129,782

*The amount shown as the provision for credit losses for the period reflects the provision on credit losses for loans, while the consolidated statements of operations provision for credit losses include provisions for unfunded commitments of $1.4 million, $292,000 and $597,000, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, and for full year 2021.

** The ending balance for loans in the unallocated column represents deferred costs and fees.

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A summary of the Company’s net charge-offs accordingly classified, by year of origination, at September 30, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

As of September 30, 2022 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Prior Total
SBL non-real estate
Current period charge-offs $ — $ — $ (16) $ — $ — $ (845) $ (861)
Current period recoveries — — — — 3 54 57
Current period SBL non-real estate net charge-offs — — (16) — 3 (791) (804)
SBL commercial mortgage
Current period charge-offs — — — — — — —
Current period recoveries — — — — — — —
Current period SBL commercial mortgage net charge-offs — — — — — — —
SBL construction
Current period charge-offs — — — — — — —
Current period recoveries — — — — — — —
Current period SBL construction net charge-offs — — — — — — —
Direct lease financing
Current period charge-offs (31) (132) (123) (26) — — (312)
Current period recoveries — — 101 7 — — 108
Current period direct lease financing net charge-offs (31) (132) (22) (19) — — (204)
SBLOC
Current period charge-offs — — — — — — —
Current period recoveries — — — — — — —
Current period SBLOC net charge-offs — — — — — — —
IBLOC
Current period charge-offs — — — — — — —
Current period recoveries — — — — — — —
Current period IBLOC net charge-offs — — — — — — —
Advisor financing
Current period charge-offs — — — — — — —
Current period recoveries — — — — — — —
Current period advisor financing net charge-offs — — — — — — —
Real estate bridge loans
Current period charge-offs — — — — — — —
Current period recoveries — — — — — — —
Current period real estate bridge loans net charge-offs — — — — — — —
Other loans
Current period charge-offs — — — — — — —
Current period recoveries — — — — — — —
Current period other loans net recoveries — — — — — — —
Total
Current period charge-offs (31) (132) (139) (26) — (845) (1,173)
Current period recoveries — — 101 7 3 54 165
Current period net charge-offs $ (31) $ (132) $ (38) $ (19) $ 3 $ (791) $ (1,008)

The Company did not have loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality at either September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021. In the third quarter of 2022, the Company purchased $6.3 million of lease receivables and $12.5 million of SBL none of which were credit deteriorated.

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A detail of the Company’s delinquent loans by loan category is as follows (in thousands):

September 30, 2022
30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90+ Days Total Total
past due past due still accruing Non-accrual past due Current loans
SBL non-real estate $ 1,715 $ 1,246 $ 370 $ 1,077 $ 4,408 $ 111,672 $ 116,080
SBL commercial mortgage 3,252 6 — 1,423 4,681 425,184 429,865
SBL construction — — — 710 710 26,131 26,841
Direct lease financing 1,799 1,392 49 — 3,240 596,556 599,796
SBLOC / IBLOC 3,175 227 — — 3,402 2,365,704 2,369,106
Advisor financing — — — — — 168,559 168,559
Real estate bridge loans — — — — — 1,488,119 1,488,119
Other loans 473 181 3,996 650 5,300 59,680 64,980
Unamortized loan fees and costs — — — — — 4,029 4,029
$ 10,414 $ 3,052 $ 4,415 $ 3,860 $ 21,741 $ 5,245,634 $ 5,267,375
December 31, 2021
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90+ Days Total Total
past due past due still accruing Non-accrual past due Current loans
SBL non-real estate $ 1,375 $ 3,138 $ 441 $ 1,313 $ 6,267 $ 141,455 $ 147,722
SBL commercial mortgage — 220 — 812 1,032 360,139 361,171
SBL construction — — — 710 710 26,489 27,199
Direct lease financing 1,833 692 20 254 2,799 528,213 531,012
SBLOC / IBLOC 5,985 289 — — 6,274 1,923,307 1,929,581
Advisor financing — — — — — 115,770 115,770
Real estate bridge loans — — — — — 621,702 621,702
Other loans — — — 72 72 4,942 5,014
Unamortized loan fees and costs — — — — — 8,053 8,053
$ 9,193 $ 4,339 $ 461 $ 3,161 $ 17,154 $ 3,730,070 $ 3,747,224

The scheduled maturities of the direct financing leases reconciled to the total lease receivables in the consolidated balance sheet, are as follows (in thousands):

Remaining 2022 $ 47,438
2023 160,895
2024 136,205
2025 81,108
2026 46,765
2027 and thereafter 17,435
Total undiscounted cash flows 489,846
Residual value * 167,946
Difference between undiscounted cash flows and discounted cash flows (57,996)
Present value of lease payments recorded as lease receivables $ 599,796

*Of the $167,946,000, $29,984,000 is not guaranteed by the lessee or other guarantors.

Note 7. Transactions with Affiliates

The Bank did not maintain any deposits for various affiliated companies as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The Bank has entered into lending transactions in the ordinary course of business with directors, executive officers, principal stockholders and affiliates of such persons. All loans were made on substantially the same terms, including interest rate and collateral, as those prevailing at the time for comparable loans with persons not related to the lender. At September 30, 2022, these loans were current as to principal and interest payments and did not involve more than normal risk of collectability. Loans to these related parties amounted to $4.0 million at September 30, 2022 and $5.2 million at December 31, 2021.

Mr. Hersh Kozlov, a director of the Company, is a partner at Duane Morris LLP, an international law firm. The Company paid Duane Morris LLP $1.4 million and $1.5 million for legal services for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

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Note 8. Fair Value Measurements

ASC 825, “Financial Instruments”, requires disclosure of the estimated fair value of an entity’s assets and liabilities considered to be financial instruments. For the Company, as for most financial institutions, the majority of its assets and liabilities are considered to be financial instruments. However, many such instruments lack an available trading market as characterized by a willing buyer and willing seller engaging in an exchange transaction. Accordingly, estimated fair values are determined by the Company using the best available data and an estimation methodology it believes to be suitable for each category of financial instruments. Also, it is the Company’s general practice and intent to hold its financial instruments to maturity whether or not categorized as “available-for-sale” and not to engage in trading or sales activities although it has sold loans in the past and may do so in the future. For fair value disclosure purposes, the Company utilized certain value measurement criteria required in accordance with 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”, as discussed below.

Changes in the assumptions or methodologies used to estimate fair values may materially affect the estimated amounts. Also, there may not be reasonable comparability between institutions due to the wide range of permitted assumptions and methodologies in the absence of active markets. This lack of uniformity gives rise to a high degree of subjectivity in estimating financial instrument fair values.

Cash and cash equivalents, which are comprised of cash and due from banks, the Company’s balance at the Federal Reserve Bank and securities purchased under agreements to resell, had recorded values of $722.7 million and $601.8 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which approximated fair values.

The estimated fair values of investment securities are based on quoted market prices, if available, or estimated using a methodology based on management’s inputs. Level 3 investment security fair values are based on the present valuing of cash flows, which discounts expected cash flows from principal and interest using yield to maturity, or yield to call as appropriate, at the measurement date. In the third quarter of 2022 and 2021, there were no transfers between the three levels.

FHLB, Atlantic Central Bankers Bank stock and Federal Reserve Bank stock are held as required by those respective institutions and are carried at cost. Each of these institutions require their correspondent banking institutions to hold stock as a condition of membership. While a fixed stock amount is required by each of these institutions, the Federal Home Loan Bank stock requirement increases or decreases with the level of borrowing activity.

Commercial loans held at fair value are comprised primarily of commercial real estate bridge loans and SBA loans which had been originated for sale or securitization in the secondary market, and which are now being held on the balance sheet. Commercial real estate bridge loans and SBA loans are valued using a discounted cash flow analysis based upon pricing for similar loans where market indications of the sales price of such loans are not available, on a pooled basis.

The net loan portfolio is valued using the present value of discounted cash flow where market prices were not available. The discount rate used in these calculations is the estimated current market rate adjusted for credit risk. Accrued interest receivable has a carrying value that approximates fair value.

Assets held-for-sale from discontinued operations were recorded at the lower of cost basis or market value. For loans, market value was determined using the discounted cash flow approach which converts expected cash flows from the loan portfolio by unit of measurement to a present value estimate. Unit of measurement was determined by loan type and for significant loans on an individual loan basis. Loan fair values are based on “unobservable inputs” that are based on available information. Level 3 fair values are based on the present value of cash flows by unit of measurement. In the first quarter of 2022, discontinued loans were reclassified to loans held for investment, as efforts to sell the loans had concluded. Accordingly, these loans will be accounted for as such, and included in related tables. Discontinued other real estate owned which constituted the remainder of discontinued assets was reclassified to the other real estate owned caption on the consolidated balance sheet.

For other real estate owned, market value is based upon appraisals of the underlying collateral by third-party appraisers, reduced by 7% to 10% for estimated selling costs.

The estimated fair values of demand deposits (comprised of interest and non-interest bearing checking accounts, savings accounts, and certain types of money market accounts) are equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date (generally, their carrying amounts). The fair values of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and short-term borrowings are equal to their carrying amounts as they are short-term borrowings.

Time deposits, when outstanding, senior debt and subordinated debentures have a fair value estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies current interest rates to discount expected cash flows. The carrying amount of accrued interest payable approximates its fair value. Long term borrowings resulted from sold loans which did not qualify for true sale accounting. They are presented in the amount of the principal of such loans.

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The fair values of interest rate swaps, recorded in other assets or other liabilities, are determined using models that use readily observable market inputs and a market standard methodology applied to the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity and interest rate indices.

The fair value of commitments to extend credit is estimated based on the amount of unamortized deferred loan commitment fees. The fair value of letters of credit is based on the amount of unearned fees plus the estimated cost to terminate the letters of credit. Fair values of unrecognized financial instruments, including commitments to extend credit, and the fair value of letters of credit are considered immaterial.

The following tables provide information regarding carrying amounts and estimated fair values (in thousands) as of the dates indicated:

September 30, 2022
Quoted prices in Significant other Significant
active markets for observable unobservable
Carrying Estimated identical assets inputs inputs
amount fair value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Investment securities, available-for-sale $ 790,594 $ 790,594 $ — $ 771,597 $ 18,997
Federal Home Loan Bank, Atlantic Central Bankers Bank, and Federal Reserve Bank stock 12,629 12,629 — — 12,629
Commercial loans, at fair value 818,040 818,040 — — 818,040
Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs 5,267,375 5,254,340 — — 5,254,340
Interest rate swaps, asset 952 952 — 952 —
Demand and interest checking 5,934,591 5,934,591 — 5,934,591 —
Savings and money market 575,381 575,381 — 575,381 —
Time deposits 401,331 401,331 — 401,331 —
Senior debt 98,958 93,871 — 93,871 —
Subordinated debentures 13,401 8,947 — — 8,947
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 42 42 42 — —
December 31, 2021
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Quoted prices in Significant other Significant
active markets for observable unobservable
Carrying Estimated identical assets inputs inputs
amount fair value (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Investment securities, available-for-sale $ 953,709 $ 953,709 $ — $ 934,678 $ 19,031
Federal Home Loan Bank and Atlantic Central Bankers Bank stock 1,663 1,663 — — 1,663
Commercial loans, at fair value 1,388,416 1,388,416 — — 1,388,416
Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs 3,747,224 3,745,548 — — 3,745,548
Assets held-for-sale from discontinued operations 3,268 3,268 — — 3,268
Interest rate swaps, liability 553 553 — 553 —
Demand and interest checking 5,561,365 5,561,365 — 5,561,365 —
Savings and money market 415,546 415,546 — 415,546 —
Senior debt 98,682 101,980 — 101,980 —
Subordinated debentures 13,401 8,815 — — 8,815
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 42 42 42 — —

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The assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, segregated by fair value hierarchy, are summarized below (in thousands) as of the dates indicated:

Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Quoted prices in Significant other Significant
active markets for observable unobservable
Fair value identical assets inputs inputs
September 30, 2022 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Investment securities, available-for-sale
U.S. Government agency securities $ 24,282 $ — $ 24,282 $ —
Asset-backed securities 340,981 — 340,981 —
Obligations of states and political subdivisions 47,489 — 47,489 —
Residential mortgage-backed securities 144,314 — 144,314 —
Collateralized mortgage obligation securities 44,762 — 44,762 —
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 181,966 — 169,769 12,197
Corporate debt securities 6,800 — — 6,800
Total investment securities, available-for-sale 790,594 — 771,597 18,997
Commercial loans, at fair value 818,040 — — 818,040
Interest rate swaps, asset 952 — 952 —
$ 1,609,586 $ — $ 772,549 $ 837,037
Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Quoted prices in Significant other Significant
active markets for observable unobservable
Fair value identical assets inputs inputs
December 31, 2021 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Investment securities, available-for-sale
U.S. Government agency securities $ 37,302 $ — $ 37,302 $ —
Asset-backed securities 360,418 — 360,418 —
Obligations of states and political subdivisions 52,137 — 52,137 —
Residential mortgage-backed securities 184,301 — 184,301 —
Collateralized mortgage obligation securities 61,861 — 61,861 —
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 251,076 — 238,659 12,417
Corporate debt securities 6,614 — — 6,614
Total investment securities, available-for-sale 953,709 — 934,678 19,031
Commercial loans, at fair value 1,388,416 — — 1,388,416
Assets held-for-sale from discontinued operations 3,268 — — 3,268
Interest rate swaps, liability 553 — 553 —
$ 2,344,840 $ — $ 934,125 $ 1,410,715

In addition, ASC 820 establishes a common definition for fair value to be applied to assets and liabilities. It clarifies that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. It also establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures concerning fair value measurements. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). Level 1 valuation is based on quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities to which the Company has access at the measurement date. Level 2 valuation is based on other observable inputs for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. This includes quoted prices for similar assets in active or inactive markets, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability such as yield curves, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, default rates, or inputs that are derived principally from, or corroborated through, observable market data by market-corroborated reports. Level 3 valuation is based on “unobservable inputs” which the Company believes is the best information available in the circumstances. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

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The Company’s Level 3 asset activity for the categories shown are summarized below (in thousands):

Fair Value Measurements Using
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Available-for-sale Commercial loans,
securities at fair value
September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Beginning balance $ 19,031 $ 178,951 $ 1,388,416 $ 1,810,812
Transfers from investment in unconsolidated entity — — — 22,926
Transfers from assets held-for-sale from discontinued operations — — — 61,580
Transfers to loans, net — — (61,580) —
Total net (losses) or gains (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings — (44) 9,756 13,214
Included in other comprehensive loss (34) (1,422) — —
Purchases, issuances, sales and settlements
Issuances — — 36,877 127,765
Settlements — (158,454) (555,429) (647,881)
Ending balance $ 18,997 $ 19,031 $ 818,040 $ 1,388,416
Total losses year to date included
in earnings attributable to the change in
unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still
held at the reporting date as shown above. $ — $ — $ (5,278) $ (2,133)

The Company’s Level 3 asset activity for the categories shown are summarized below (in thousands):

Fair Value Measurements Using
Significant Unobservable Inputs
(Level 3)
Investment in Assets held-for-sale
unconsolidated entity from discontinued operations
September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021 September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Beginning balance $ — $ 31,294 $ 3,268 $ 113,650
Transfers to commercial loans, at fair value — (22,926) — (61,580)
Transfers to other real estate owned — (2,145) — (17,343)
Total (losses) or gains (realized/unrealized)
Included in earnings — — — 1,102
Purchases, issuances, sales, settlements and charge-offs
Issuances — — — 5,222
Sales — — — (2,020)
Settlements — (6,223) (3,268) (35,750)
Charge-offs — — — (13)
Ending balance $ — $ — $ — $ 3,268
Total losses year to date included
in earnings attributable to the change in
unrealized gains or losses relating to assets still
held at the reporting date as shown above. $ — $ — $ — $ 566

The Company’s other real estate owned activity is summarized below (in thousands) as of the dates indicated:

September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Beginning balance $ 18,873 $ —
Transfers from investment in unconsolidated entity — 2,145
Sales — (615)
Transfers from discontinued operations — 17,343
Ending balance $ 18,873 $ 18,873

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Information related to fair values of level 3 balance sheet categories is as follows:

Level 3 instruments only
Weighted
Fair value at Range at average at
September 30, 2022 Valuation techniques Unobservable inputs September 30, 2022 September 30, 2022
Commercial mortgage-backed investment
security (a) $ 12,197 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 11.08% 11.08%
Insurance liquidating trust preferred security (b) 6,800 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 10.82% 10.82%
Federal Home Loan Bank, Atlantic
Central Bankers Bank, and Federal Reserve Bank stock 12,629 Cost N/A N/A N/A
Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs (c) 5,254,340 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 5.00%-10.00% 5.87%
Commercial - SBA (d) 159,914 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 3.85%-5.07% 4.95%
Non-SBA CRE - fixed (e) 62,923 Discounted cash flow and appraisal Discount rate 8.26%-19.23% 12.34%
Non-SBA CRE - floating (f) 595,203 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 5.56%-16.00% 6.26%
Commercial loans, at fair value 818,040
Subordinated debentures (g) 8,947 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 11.05% 11.05%
Other real estate owned (h) 18,873 Appraised value N/A N/A N/A
Level 3 instruments only
--- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Weighted
Fair value at Range at average at
December 31, 2021 Valuation techniques Unobservable inputs December 31, 2021 December 31, 2021
Commercial mortgage-backed investment
security $ 12,417 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 8.00% 8.00%
Insurance liquidating trust preferred security 6,614 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 7.00% 7.00%
Federal Home Loan Bank and Atlantic
Central Bankers Bank stock 1,663 Cost N/A N/A N/A
Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs 3,745,548 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 1.00% - 7.00% 3.70%
Commercial - SBA 199,585 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 1.04% - 2.12% $103.40
Non-SBA CRE - fixed 79,864 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 5.31%-7.43% 6.26%
Non-SBA CRE - floating 1,047,387 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 3.96%-10.20% 4.96%
Other loans 61,580 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 3.18%-6.80% 4.36%
Commercial loans, at fair value 1,388,416
Assets held-for-sale from discontinued operations 3,268 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 3.18%-6.80% 4.36%
Subordinated debentures 8,815 Discounted cash flow Discount rate 7.00% 7.00%
Other real estate owned 18,873 Appraised value N/A N/A N/A

The valuations for each of the instruments above, as of the balance sheet date, are subject to judgments, assumptions and uncertainties, changes in which could have a significant impact on such valuations. Weighted averages were calculated by using the discount rate for each individual security or loan weighted by its market value, except for SBA loans. For SBA loans, the yields derived from market pricing indications for pools determined by date of loan origination were weighted. For commercial loans recorded at fair value, changes in fair value are reflected in the income statement. Changes in the fair value of securities which are unrelated to credit are recorded through equity. Changes in the fair value of loans recorded at amortized cost which are unrelated to credit are a disclosure item, without impact on the financial statements. The notes below refer to the September 30, 2022 table.

a)Commercial mortgage-backed investment security, consisting of a single Bank issued CRE security, is valued using discounted cash flow analysis. The discount rate and prepayment rate applied are based upon market observations and actual experience for comparable securities and implicitly assume market averages for defaults and loss severities. The security has significant

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credit enhancement, or protection from other tranches in the issue, which limits the valuation exposure to credit losses. Nonetheless, increases in expected default rates or loss severities on the loans underlying the issue could reduce its value. In market environments in which investors demand greater yield compensation for credit risk, the discount rate applied would ordinarily be higher and the valuation lower. Changes in prepayments and loss experience could also change the interest earned on this holding in future periods and impact its fair value. As a single security, the weighted average rate shown is the actual rate applied to the security.

b)Insurance liquidating trust preferred security is a single debenture which is valued using discounted cash flow analysis. The discount rate used is based on the market rate on comparable relatively illiquid instruments and credit analysis. A change in the liquidating trust’s ability to repay the note, or an increase in interest rates, particularly for privately placed debentures, would affect the discount rate and thus the valuation. As a single security, the weighted average rate shown is the actual rate applied to the security.

c)Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs are valued using discounted cash flow analysis. Discount rates are based upon available information for estimated current origination rates for each loan type. Origination rates may fluctuate based upon changes in the risk free (Treasury) rate and credit experience for each loan type.

d)Commercial-SBA Loans are comprised of the government guaranteed portion of SBA insured loans. Their valuation is based upon the yield derived from dealer pricing indications for guaranteed pools, adjusted for seasoning and prepayments. A limited number of broker/dealers originate the pooled securities for which the loans are purchased and as a result, prices can fluctuate based on such limited market demand, although the government guarantee has resulted in consistent historical demand. Valuations are impacted by prepayment assumptions resulting from both voluntary payoffs and defaults. Such assumptions for both poolable and seasoned loans are based on a seasoning vector for constant prepayment rates from 3% to 30% over life.

e)Non-SBA CRE-fixed are fixed rate non-SBA commercial real estate mortgages. These loans are fair valued by a third party, based upon discounting at market rates for similar loans, except for one loan which is fair valued on the basis of an appraisal. Discount rates used in applying discounted cash flow analysis utilize input based upon loan terms, the general level of interest rates and the quality of the credit. Deterioration in loan performance or other credit weaknesses could result in fair value ranges which would be dependent upon potential buyers’ tolerance for such weaknesses and are difficult to estimate. The loan which is valued on the basis of an appraisal has a fair value of $4.8 million, an outstanding principal balance of $9.5 million and is discussed in Note 6.

f)Non-SBA CRE-floating are floating rate non-SBA loans, the vast majority of which are secured by multi-family properties (apartments). These are bridge loans designed to provide owners time and funding for property improvements and are generally valued using discounted cash flow analysis. The discount rate for the vast majority of these loans was based upon current origination rates for similar loans. Deterioration in loan performance or other credit weaknesses could result in fair value ranges which would be dependent upon potential buyers’ tolerance for such weaknesses and are difficult to estimate. At September 30, 2022, these loans were fair valued by a third party, based upon discounting at market rates for similar loans.

g)Subordinated debentures are comprised of two subordinated notes issued by the Company, maturing in 2038 with a floating rate of 3-month LIBOR plus 3.25%. These notes are valued using discounted cash flow analysis. The discount rate is based on the market rate for comparable relatively illiquid instruments. Changes in those market rates, or the credit of the Company could result in changes in valuation.

h)For other real estate owned, fair value is based upon appraisals of the underlying collateral by third party appraisers, reduced by 7% to 10% for estimated selling costs. Such appraisals reflect estimates of amounts realizable upon property sales based on the sale of comparable properties and other factors. Actual sales prices may vary based upon the identification of potential purchasers, changing conditions in local real estate markets and the level of interest rates required to finance purchases.

Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, segregated by fair value hierarchy, during the periods shown are summarized below (in thousands):

Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Quoted prices in active Significant other Significant
markets for identical observable unobservable
Fair value assets inputs inputs^(1)^
Description September 30, 2022 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Collateral dependent loans^(1)^ $ 7,059 $ — $ — $ 7,059
Other real estate owned 18,873 — — 18,873
Intangible assets 2,149 — — 2,149
$ 28,081 $ — $ — $ 28,081

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Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
Quoted prices in active Significant other Significant
markets for identical observable unobservable
Fair value assets inputs inputs^(1)^
Description December 31, 2021 (Level 1) (Level 2) (Level 3)
Collateral dependent loans^(1)^ $ 3,005 $ — $ — $ 3,005
Other real estate owned 18,873 — — 18,873
Intangible assets 2,447 — — 2,447
$ 24,325 $ — $ — $ 24,325

1.The method of valuation approach for the loans evaluated for an allowance for credit losses on an individual loan basis and also for other real estate owned was the market approach based upon appraisals of the underlying collateral by external appraisers, reduced by 7% to 10% for estimated selling costs. Intangible assets are valued based upon internal analyses.

At September 30, 2022, principal on collateral dependent loans and troubled debt restructurings, which is accounted for on the basis of the value of underlying collateral, is shown at estimated fair value of $7.1 million. To arrive at that fair value, related loan principal of $7.9 million was reduced by specific reserves of $863,000 within the allowance for credit losses as of that date, representing the deficiency between principal and estimated collateral values, which were reduced by estimated costs to sell. When the deficiency is deemed uncollectible, it is charged off by reducing the specific reserve and decreasing principal. Included in the collateral dependent loans at September 30, 2022 were 11 troubled debt restructured loans with a balance of $5.3 million, which had specific reserves of $447,000. Included in the collateral dependent loans at December 31, 2021, were 10 troubled debt restructured loans with a balance of $1.5 million which had specific allowances of $476,000. Valuation techniques consistent with the market and/or cost approach were used to measure fair value and primarily included observable inputs for the individual collateral dependent loans being evaluated such as recent sales of similar assets or observable market data for operational or carrying costs. In cases where such inputs were unobservable, the loan balance is reflected within the Level 3 hierarchy.

Note 9. Derivatives

The Company utilizes derivative instruments to assist in the management of interest rate sensitivity by modifying the repricing, maturity and option characteristics on certain non-SBA CRE loans held at fair value. These instruments are not accounted for as effective hedges. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had entered into two interest rate swap agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $15.0 million. These swap agreements provide for the Company to receive an adjustable rate of interest based upon the three-month LIBOR. The Company recorded a net gain of $1.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to recognize the fair value of the derivative instruments which is reported in net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on commercial loans, at fair value, in the consolidated statements of operations. The amount receivable by the Company under these swap agreements was $952,000 at September 30, 2022, which is reported in other assets. The Company had minimum collateral posting thresholds with certain of its derivative counterparties and had posted cash collateral of $518,000 as of September 30, 2022.

The maturity dates, notional amounts, interest rates paid and received and fair value of the Company’s remaining interest rate swap agreements as of September 30, 2022 are summarized below (dollars in thousands):

September 30, 2022
Maturity date Notional amount Interest rate paid Interest rate received Fair value
December 23, 2025 6,800 2.16% 3.60% 433
December 24, 2025 8,200 2.17% 3.64% 519
Total $ 15,000 $ 952

Note 10. Other Identifiable Intangible Assets

In May 2016, the Company purchased approximately $60.0 million of lease receivables which resulted in a customer list intangible of $3.4 million that is being amortized over a 10 year period. Amortization expense is $340,000 per year ($1.3 million over the next five years). The gross carrying amount of the customer list intangible is $3.4 million, and as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, the accumulated amortization expense was $2.2 million and $1.9 million.

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In January 2020, the Company purchased McMahon Leasing and subsidiaries for approximately $8.7 million which resulted in $1.1 million of intangibles. The gross carrying value of $1.1 million of intangibles was comprised of a customer list intangible of $689,000, goodwill of $263,000 and a trade name valuation of $135,000. The customer list intangible is being amortized over a 12 year period and accumulated amortization expense was $158,000 at September 30, 2022 and $115,000 at December 31, 2021. Amortization expense is $57,000 per year ($287,000 over the next five years). The gross carrying value and accumulated amortization related to the Company’s intangibles at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are presented below.

September 30, December 31,
2022 2021
Gross Gross
Carrying Accumulated Carrying Accumulated
Amount Amortization Amount Amortization
(Dollars in thousands)
Customer list intangibles $ 4,093 $ 2,342 $ 4,093 $ 2,044
Goodwill 263 — 263 —
Trade Name 135 — 135 —
Total $ 4,491 $ 2,342 $ 4,491 $ 2,044

Note 11. Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU” or “Update”) 2020-04 which addressed optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contract modifications and hedging relationships, resulting from the phase-out of the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) reference rate. To maximize management and accounting flexibility for holders of instruments using LIBOR as a benchmark, the guidance permitted a one-time transfer of such instruments from held-to-maturity to available-for-sale. The Company made such a transfer of four LIBOR-based securities, which comprised its held-to-maturity portfolio, in the first quarter of 2020. The Company discontinued LIBOR-based originations in 2021; however, certain financial instruments outstanding are indexed to LIBOR, including non-SBA commercial loans, at fair value, which amounted to $585.8 million at September 30, 2022. However, these loans are short-term and are generally expected to be repaid by the June 2023 LIBOR end date. At September 30, 2022, the Company owned $12.6 million of LIBOR based securities purchased from previous securitizations, which are also expected to mature before June 2023. When the Company resumed originating non-SBA commercial loans in the third quarter of 2021, which are identified separately under real estate bridge loans, it utilized the secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) as the index. In addition, the Company owns collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and U.S. government agency adjustable-rate mortgages which utilize LIBOR based pricing. CLOs, which amounted to $336.1 million at September 30, 2022, generally have language regarding an index alternative should LIBOR no longer be available. U.S. government agencies generally have the ability to adjust interest rate indices as necessary on impacted LIBOR based securities, which amounted to $62.7 million at September 30, 2022. There is less clarity for the Company’s student loan securities of $18.6 million and its subordinated debentures payable of $13.4 million at that date, and for which industry standards continue to be considered by trustees and other governing bodies. The Company’s derivatives, the notional amount for which totaled $15.0 million at September 30, 2022, are interest rate swaps that are documented under bilateral agreements which contain LIBOR fallback provisions by virtue of counterparty adherence to the 2020 International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc.’s LIBOR Fallbacks Protocol. The Bank also owns $10 million of a Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debenture issued by an insurance holding company in liquidation for which the rate index is three month LIBOR. The indenture contains terms for a substitution of the index when LIBOR quotes become unavailable. The Company continues to assess the potential impact of the phase-out of LIBOR on all affected accounts and any other potential impacts, and related accounting guidance.

In August 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-06. This ASU adds new quarterly disclosures and expands certain annual disclosures to quarterly reporting. Amendments within this ASU are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2021 and the Company is presenting the quarterly disclosures in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures. ASU 2022-02 addresses areas identified by the FASB as part of its post-implementation review of the credit losses standard (ASU 2016-13) that introduced the CECL model. The amendments eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by creditors that have adopted the CECL model and enhance the disclosure requirements for loan refinancings and restructurings made with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The effective date is January 1, 2023. The Company does not expect it will have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

On March 31, 2022, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) issued Staff Accounting Bulletin Number 121 (“SAB 121”). In SAB 121, the SEC staff expressed the views of its staff regarding the accounting for obligations to safeguard crypto-assets an entity holds for platform users. As the Company does not currently hold crypto-assets this release will not impact its consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

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Note 12. Shareholder’s Equity

In 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors (“the Board”) authorized a common stock repurchase program (the “2021 Common Stock Repurchase Program”). Under the 2021 Common Stock Repurchase Program, repurchased shares may be reissued for various corporate purposes. The Company repurchased $10.0 million in each quarter of 2021.

On October 20, 2021, the Board approved a revised common stock repurchase program for the 2022 fiscal year (the “2022 Common Stock Repurchase Plan”). Under the 2022 Common Stock Repurchase Plan, the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $15.0 million in each quarter of 2022, for a maximum amount of $60.0 million, depending on the share price, securities laws and stock exchange rules which regulate such repurchases. This plan may be modified or terminated at any time. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 663,934 shares and 1,769,253 shares of its common stock in the open market under the 2022 Common Stock Repurchase Plan at an average cost of $22.59 per share and $25.43 per share, respectively. In the first quarter of 2021, the Company changed its presentation of treasury stock acquired through common stock repurchases. To simplify presentation, common stock repurchases previously shown separately as treasury stock are now shown as reductions in common stock and additional paid-in capital.

Note 13. Regulatory Matters

It is the policy of the Federal Reserve that financial holding companies should pay cash dividends on common stock only out of income available over the past year and only if prospective earnings retention is consistent with the organization’s expected future needs and financial condition. The policy provides that a financial holding company should not maintain a level of cash dividends that undermines the financial holding company’s ability to serve as a source of strength to its banking subsidiaries.

Various federal and state statutory provisions limit the amount of dividends that subsidiary banks can pay to their holding companies without regulatory approval. Without the prior approval of the OCC, a dividend may not be paid if the total of all dividends declared by a bank in any calendar year is in excess of the current year’s net income combined with the retained net income of the two preceding years. Additionally, a dividend may not be paid in excess of a bank’s retained earnings. Moreover, an insured depository institution may not pay a dividend if the payment would cause it to be less than “adequately capitalized” under the prompt corrective action framework as defined in the Federal Deposit Insurance Act or if the institution is in default in the payment of an assessment due to the FDIC. Similarly, a banking organization that fails to satisfy regulatory minimum capital conservation buffer requirements will be subject to certain limitations, which include restrictions on capital distributions.

In addition to these explicit limitations, federal and state regulatory agencies are authorized to prohibit a banking subsidiary or financial holding company from engaging in an unsafe or unsound practice. Depending upon the circumstances, the agencies could take the position that paying a dividend would constitute an unsafe or unsound banking practice.

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of their assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The capital amounts and classification of the Company and the Bank are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings and other factors. Moreover, capital requirements may be modified based upon regulatory rules or by regulatory discretion at any time reflecting a variety of factors including deterioration in asset quality.

The following table sets forth our regulatory capital amounts and ratios for the periods indicated:

Tier 1 capital Tier 1 capital Total capital Common equity
to average to risk-weighted to risk-weighted tier 1 to risk
assets ratio assets ratio assets ratio weighted assets
As of September 30, 2022
The Bancorp, Inc. 9.66% 13.13% 13.56% 13.13%
The Bancorp Bank, National Association 10.79% 14.73% 15.15% 14.73%
"Well capitalized" institution (under federal regulations-Basel III) 5.00% 8.00% 10.00% 6.50%
As of December 31, 2021
The Bancorp, Inc. 10.40% 14.72% 15.13% 14.72%
The Bancorp Bank, National Association 10.98% 15.48% 15.88% 15.48%
"Well capitalized" institution (under federal regulations-Basel III) 5.00% 8.00% 10.00% 6.50%

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Note 14. Legal

On June 12, 2019, the Bank was served with a qui tam lawsuit filed in the Superior Court of the State of Delaware, New Castle County. The Delaware Department of Justice intervened in the litigation. The case is titled The State of Delaware, Plaintiff, Ex rel. Russell S. Rogers, Plaintiff-Relator, v. The Bancorp Bank, Interactive Communications International, Inc., and InComm Financial Services, Inc., Defendants. The lawsuit alleges that the defendants violated the Delaware False Claims Act by not paying balances on certain open-loop “Vanilla” prepaid cards to the State of Delaware as unclaimed property. The complaint seeks actual and treble damages, statutory penalties, and attorneys’ fees. The Bank has filed an answer denying the allegations and continues to vigorously defend against the claims. The Bank and other defendants previously filed a motion to dismiss the action, but the motion was denied and the case is in preliminary stages of discovery. The Company is unable to determine whether the ultimate resolution of the matter will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or operations.

As previously disclosed, the Company received and responded to two non-public fact-finding inquiries from the SEC, which in each case sought to determine if violations of the federal securities laws occurred. On October 9, 2019, the Company received a subpoena seeking records related generally to the Bank’s debit card issuance activity and gross dollar volume data, among other things. The Company responded to the subpoena and subsequent subpoenas issued to the Company. The SEC last requested information from the Company relating to this inquiry in September 2021. The SEC has not made any findings, or alleged any wrongdoing, with respect to this matter. Future costs related to responding to and cooperating with the SEC staff may be material, and could continue to be material at least through the completion of this matter. Unrelated to the first inquiry, on April 10, 2020, the Company received a subpoena in connection with the Bank’s CMBS business seeking records related to various offerings as well as CMBS securities held by the Bank. In connection with that investigation, on July 6, 2022, the Company received a “Wells Notice” from the SEC Staff stating that the SEC Staff made a preliminary determination to recommend that the SEC file an enforcement action against the Company alleging violations of record keeping, reporting and internal control provisions of the Exchange Act. Without admitting or denying any of the SEC’s allegations, the Company subsequently agreed to resolve the investigation by consenting to the entry of an order by the SEC that: (1) the Company will cease and desist from committing or causing any violations of the books-and-records provisions of the Securities Exchange Act and the relevant rules thereunder; and (2) the Company pay a penalty of $1.75 million (the “Settlement Payment”) to the SEC. The order became effective on August 24, 2022. The Company recognized a charge in its third fiscal quarter in the amount of the Settlement Payment. Further, as a result of the settlement, certain costs to the Company related to the CMBS matter will cease, including the legal costs of the investigation, compliance with the SEC’s subpoena, and cooperation with the SEC.

On January 12, 2021, three former employees of the Bank filed separate complaints against the Company in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, New York County. The Company subsequently removed all three lawsuits to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The cases are captioned: John Edward Barker, Plaintiff v. The Bancorp, Inc., Defendant; Alexander John Kamai, Plaintiff v. The Bancorp, Inc., Defendant; and John Patrick McGlynn III, Plaintiff v. The Bancorp, Inc., Defendant. The lawsuits arise from the Bank’s termination of the plaintiffs’ employment in connection with the restructuring of its CMBS business. The plaintiffs sought damages in the following amounts: $4,135,142 (Barker), $901,088 (Kamai) and $2,909,627 (McGlynn). On June 11, 2021, the Company filed a consolidated motion to dismiss in each case. On February 25, 2022, the court granted the Company’s motion in part, dismissing McGlynn’s claims in entirety and most of Barker and Kamai’s claims. The sole claims remaining are Barker and Kamai’s breach of implied contract claims related to an unpaid bonus, for which they seek $2,000,000 and $300,000, respectively. The Company is vigorously defending against these claims. On September 29, 2022, the Company filed a motion for summary judgment in both matters, which is still pending before the court. The Company is not yet able to determine whether the ultimate resolution of this matter will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial conditions or operations.

On September 14, 2021, Cachet Financial Services (“Cachet”) filed an adversary proceeding against the Bank in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Central District of California, titled Cachet Financial Services v. The Bancorp Bank. The case was filed within the context of Cachet’s pending Chapter 11 bankruptcy case. The Bank previously served as the Originating Depository Financial Institution (“ODFI”) for ACH transactions in connection with Cachet’s payroll services business. The matter arises from the Bank’s termination of its Payroll Processing ODFI Agreement with Cachet on October 23, 2019 for safety and soundness reasons. The initial complaint alleges eight causes of action: (i) breach of contract; (ii) negligence; (iii) intentional interference with contract; (iv) conversion; (v) express indemnity; (vi) implied indemnity; (vii) accounting; and (viii) objection to the Bank’s proof of claim in the bankruptcy case. On November 4, 2021, the Bank filed a motion in the United States District Court for the Central District of California to withdraw the reference of the adversary proceeding to the bankruptcy court. The motion is still pending. On August 3, 2022, Cachet served the Bank with a First Amended Complaint wherein Cachet, among other things, withdraws its implied indemnity claim against the Bank and adds several defendants unaffiliated with the Bank and causes of action related to those parties. As to the Bank, Cachet seeks approximately $150 million in damages, an accounting and disallowance of the Bank’s proof of claim. The Bank is vigorously defending against these claims. On September 28, 2022, the Bank filed a partial motion to dismiss, seeking to dispose of the majority of Cachet’s claims against the Bank. The motion is still pending before the court. The Company is not yet able to determine whether the ultimate resolution of this matter will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial conditions or operations.

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In addition, the Company is a party to various routine legal proceedings arising out of the ordinary course of business. The Company believes that none of these actions, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or operations.

Note 15. Segment Financials

The Company performed a strategic evaluation of its businesses in the third quarter of 2014. As a result of the evaluation, the Company decided to discontinue its commercial lending operations, as described in Note 16, Discontinued Operations. The shift from a traditional bank balance sheet led the Company to evaluate its continuing operations. Based on the continuing operations of the Company, it was determined that there would be four segments of the business: specialty finance, payments, corporate and discontinued operations. The chief decision maker for these segments is the Chief Executive Officer. Specialty finance includes the origination of non-SBA CRE loans, SBA loans, direct lease financing, security-backed lines of credit, cash value insurance policy-backed lines of credit and deposits generated by those business lines. Payments include prepaid card accounts, card payments, ACH processing and deposits generated by those business lines. Corporate includes the Company’s investment portfolio, corporate overhead and non-allocated expenses. In the third quarter of 2022, the Company began allocating interest expense between segments and adjusted prior period presentation for consistency. These operating segments reflect the way the Company views its current operations.

The following tables provide segment information for the periods indicated:

For the three months ended September 30, 2022
Specialty finance Payments Corporate Discontinued operations Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest income $ 75,041 $ 34 $ 8,846 $ — $ 83,921
Interest allocation (17,747) 17,154 593 — —
Interest expense 940 13,981 4,341 — 19,262
Net interest income 56,354 3,207 5,098 — 64,659
Provision for credit losses 822 — — — 822
Non-interest income 1,952 21,440 34 — 23,426
Non-interest expense 18,292 17,348 9,190 — 44,830
Income (loss) before taxes 39,192 7,299 (4,058) — 42,433
Income tax expense — — 11,829 — 11,829
Net income (loss) $ 39,192 $ 7,299 $ (15,887) $ — $ 30,604
For the three months ended September 30, 2021
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Specialty finance Payments Corporate Discontinued operations Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest income $ 46,313 $ — $ 7,187 $ — $ 53,500
Interest allocation (4,314) 5,155 (841) — —
Interest expense 239 916 1,452 — 2,607
Net interest income 41,760 4,239 4,894 — 50,893
Provision for credit losses 1,613 — — — 1,613
Non-interest income 6,408 20,166 14 — 26,588
Non-interest expense 16,452 16,286 6,646 — 39,384
Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes 30,103 8,119 (1,738) — 36,484
Income tax expense — — 8,289 — 8,289
Income (loss) from continuing operations 30,103 8,119 (10,027) — 28,195
Income from discontinued operations — — — 66 66
Net income (loss) $ 30,103 $ 8,119 $ (10,027) $ 66 $ 28,261
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Specialty finance Payments Corporate Discontinued operations Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest income $ 179,700 $ 89 $ 21,596 $ — $ 201,385
Interest allocation (28,300) 28,565 (265) — —
Interest expense 1,429 19,989 7,886 — 29,304
Net interest income 149,971 8,665 13,445 — 172,081
Provision for credit losses 4,331 — — — 4,331
Non-interest income 11,496 64,524 3,923 — 79,943
Non-interest expense 53,071 51,529 21,427 — 126,027
Income (loss) before taxes 104,065 21,660 (4,059) — 121,666
Income tax expense — — 31,694 — 31,694
Net income (loss) $ 104,065 $ 21,660 $ (35,753) $ — $ 89,972

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For the nine months ended September 30, 2021
Specialty finance Payments Corporate Discontinued operations Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest income $ 143,549 $ — $ 23,854 $ — $ 167,403
Interest allocation (12,713) 15,438 (2,725) — —
Interest expense 723 3,298 4,663 — 8,684
Net interest income 130,113 12,140 16,466 — 158,719
Provision for credit losses 1,484 — — — 1,484
Non-interest income 13,864 62,600 59 — 76,523
Non-interest expense 50,844 52,666 21,640 — 125,150
Income (loss) from continuing operations before taxes 91,649 22,074 (5,115) — 108,608
Income tax expense — — 25,195 — 25,195
Income (loss) from continuing operations 91,649 22,074 (30,310) — 83,413
Income from discontinued operations — — — 248 248
Net income (loss) $ 91,649 $ 22,074 $ (30,310) $ 248 $ 83,661
September 30, 2022
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Specialty finance Payments Corporate Discontinued operations Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Total assets $ 6,061,700 $ 59,561 $ 1,655,813 $ — $ 7,777,074
Total liabilities $ 368,932 $ 5,724,483 $ 1,019,921 $ — $ 7,113,336
December 31, 2021
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Specialty finance Payments Corporate Discontinued operations Total
(in thousands)
Total assets $ 5,099,388 $ 41,593 $ 1,698,990 $ 3,268 $ 6,843,239
Total liabilities $ 329,372 $ 5,312,115 $ 549,298 $ — $ 6,190,785

Note 16. Discontinued Operations

The Company performed a strategic evaluation of its businesses in the third quarter of 2014 and decided to discontinue its Philadelphia commercial lending operations to focus on its specialty finance lending. The Company has since disposed of the vast majority of related loans and other real estate owned. While in the process of disposition, financial results of the commercial lending operations were presented as separate from continuing operations on the consolidated statements of operations and assets of the commercial lending operations to be disposed of were presented as assets held-for-sale on the consolidated balance sheets. As disposition efforts were winding down, discontinued loans of $61.6 million were reclassified to loans held for investment in the first quarter of 2022. These loans will accordingly be accounted for as such, and included in related tables as management continues related collections. Discontinued other real estate owned of $17.3 million which constituted the remainder of discontinued assets was reclassified to the other real estate owned caption on the balance sheet.

The following table presents financial results of the commercial lending business included in net loss from discontinued operations for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

For the three months ended September 30, For the nine months ended September 30,
2022 2021 2022 2021
Interest income $ — $ 754 $ — $ 2,388
Interest expense — — — —
Net interest income — 754 — 2,388
Non-interest income — 48 — 51
Non-interest expense — 715 — 2,115
Income before taxes — 87 — 324
Income tax expense — 21 — 76
Net income $ — $ 66 $ — $ 248

The following table presents assets held-for-sale from discontinued operations at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

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September 30, December 31,
2022 2021
Commercial loans, at fair value $ — $ 2,907
Other real estate owned — 361
Total assets $ — $ 3,268

Non-interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 reflected $384,000 and $1.5 million of recoveries of prior losses on loans. It also reflected respective expenses and losses of $745,000 and $2.3 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2021, respectively, related to other real estate owned. Discontinued operations loans are recorded at the lower of their cost or fair value. Fair value is determined using a discontinued cash flow analysis where projections of cash flows are developed in consideration of internal loan review analysis and default/prepayment assumptions for smaller pools of loans. These credit and collateral related assumptions are subject to uncertainty.

Note 17. Subsequent Events

The Company evaluated its September 30, 2022 consolidated financial statements for subsequent events through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued. Pursuant to a stock repurchase plan described in Note 12, between October 1, 2022 through November 3, 2022, the Company repurchased 281,275 common shares, at a total cost of $6.9 million and an average price of $24.57 per share.

On October 26, 2022, the Company’s board of directors approved a new stock repurchase program authorizing the Company to increase its share repurchases to $25.0 million per quarter, or $100.0 million in 2023, from $15.0 million a quarter, or $60.0 million in 2022.

Part I - Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

When used in this Form 10-Q, the words “believes”, “anticipates”, “expects” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Such statements are subject to certain risks and uncertainties more particularly described in Item 1A, under the caption “Risk Factors,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and in other of our public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in this Form 10-Q. We caution readers not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to publicly revise or update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Form 10-Q except as required by applicable law.

In the following discussion we provide information about our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and asset quality. We intend that this information facilitate your understanding and assessment of significant changes and trends related to our financial condition and results of operations. You should read this section in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Key Performance Indicators

We use a number of key performance indicators to measure our overall financial performance. We describe how we calculate and use a number of these performance indicators and analyze their results below.

Return on assets and return on equity. Two performance indicators we believe are commonly used within the banking industry to measure overall financial performance are return on assets and return on equity. Return on assets measures the amount of earnings compared to the level of assets utilized to generate those earnings. It is derived by dividing net income by average assets. Return on equity measures the amount of earnings compared to the equity utilized to generate those earnings. It is derived by dividing net income by average shareholders’ equity.

Net interest margin and credit losses. The largest component of our earnings is net interest income, or the difference between the interest earned on our interest-earning assets consisting of loans and investments, less the interest on our funding, consisting primarily of deposits. The key performance indicator for net interest income is net interest margin, derived by dividing net interest income by average interest-earning assets. Higher levels of earnings and net interest income, on lower levels of assets, equity and interest-earning assets are generally desirable. However, these indicators must be considered in light of regulatory capital requirements which impact equity, and credit risk inherent in loans. Accordingly, the magnitude of credit losses is an additional key performance indicator.

Other performance indicators. Other performance indicators we use include loan growth, non-interest income growth, the level of non-interest expense and various capital measures.

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Results of performance indicators. Notwithstanding a non-deductible $1.75 million civil money penalty, third quarter 2022 return on assets and equity amounted to 1.69% and 18.39% (annualized), respectively, compared to 1.76% and 17.84% (annualized) in the third quarter of 2021. For the nine month period ended September 30, 2022, return on assets and return on equity amounted to 1.69% and 18.28% (annualized), respectively, compared to 1.66% and 18.35% (annualized) for the nine month period ended September 30, 2021. Net interest income increased $13.8 million in the third quarter of 2022 compared to the comparable prior year quarter, which had included $1.2 million of PPP related interest and fees, and which did not recur in the current year quarter. Average loans and leases grew to $5.91 billion in third quarter 2022 compared to $4.58 billion in third quarter 2021. Net interest margin was 3.69% in the third quarter of 2022 versus 3.35% in the third quarter of 2021 and 3.32% versus 3.29%, respectively, for the nine month periods ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. The increase in 2022 reflected growth of loan balances at higher rates as a result of the Federal Reserve rate increases in 2022. Variable rate loans and securities comprise the majority of the Company’s earning assets, and while they reprice on a lagged basis, they adjust more fully to the Federal Reserve rate increases than deposits. Accordingly, we expect that those loan repricings will continue to positively impact net interest income and net interest margin in the fourth quarter of 2022. The provision for credit losses was $822,000 in the third quarter of 2022 compared to $1.6 million in the third quarter of 2021. A provision for credit losses of $4.3 million for the nine month period ended September 30, 2022 compared to $1.5 million for the nine month period ended September 30, 2021. One capital measure utilized in the banking industry is the ratio of equity to assets, which is derived by dividing period-end shareholders’ equity by period-end total assets. At September 30, 2022, that ratio was 8.53%, compared to 10.18% a year earlier. An increase in equity capital from retained earnings was partially offset by fair value adjustments to investment securities and share repurchases. The impact on the ratio of resulting levels of equity capital was more than offset by growth in assets, primarily loans, between the periods.

Overview

We are a Delaware financial holding company and our primary subsidiary, which we wholly own, is The Bancorp Bank, National Association, which we refer to as the Bank. The vast majority of our revenue and income is currently generated through the Bank. In our continuing operations, we have four primary lines of specialty lending:

SBLOC, IBLOC, and investment advisor financing;

leasing (direct lease financing);

small business loans, primarily SBA loans, and

non-SBA commercial real estate bridge (“CRE”) loans.

SBLOCs and IBLOCs are loans which are generated through affinity groups and are respectively collateralized by marketable securities and the cash value of insurance policies. SBLOCs are typically offered in conjunction with brokerage accounts and are offered nationally. IBLOC loans are typically viewed as an alternative to standard policy loans from insurance companies and are utilized by our existing advisor base as well as insurance agents throughout the country. Investment advisor financing are loans made to investment advisors for purposes of debt refinance, acquisition of another investment firm or internal succession. Vehicle fleet and, to a lesser extent, other equipment leases are generated in a number of Atlantic Coast and other states and are collateralized primarily by vehicles. SBA loans are made nationally and are collateralized by commercial properties and other types of collateral. Our non-SBA commercial real estate bridge loans, at fair value, are primarily collateralized by multi-family properties (apartment buildings), and to a lesser extent, by hotel and retail properties. These loans were originally generated for sale through securitizations. In 2020, we decided to retain these loans on our balance sheet as interest earning assets and resumed originating such loans in the third quarter of 2021. These new originations are identified as real estate bridge loans and are held for investment in the loan portfolio. Prior originations originally intended for securitizations continue to be accounted for at fair value, and are included in the balance sheet in “Commercial loans, at fair value.”

The majority of our deposit accounts and non-interest income are generated in our payments business line, the name for which has been changed to Fintech Solutions Group, which consists of consumer deposit accounts accessed by prepaid or debit cards, or issuing, automated clearing house, or ACH accounts, other payments such as rapid funds transfer and the collection of payments through credit card companies on behalf of merchants. The issuing deposit accounts are comprised of debit and prepaid card accounts that are generated by independent companies that market directly to end users. Our issuing deposit account types are diverse and include: consumer and business debit, general purpose reloadable prepaid, pre-tax medical spending benefit, payroll, gift, government, corporate incentive, reward, business payment accounts and others. Our ACH accounts facilitate bill payments, and our collection services for payments made to merchants consist of those which must be settled through associations such as Visa or MasterCard. We also provide banking services to organizations with a pre-existing customer base tailored to support or complement the services provided by these organizations to their customers. These services include loan and deposit accounts for investment advisory companies through our institutional banking department. We typically provide these services under the name and through the facilities of each organization with whom we develop a relationship. We refer to this, generally, as affinity banking.

An increase in our net income to $30.6 million for the third quarter of 2022, from $28.3 million for the third quarter of 2021, reflected a $13.8 million increase in net interest income, a $3.2 million decrease in non-interest income, and a $5.4 million increase in non-interest expense. Loan growth and higher rates resulted in increases in loan interest, with higher rates also offsetting the impact of lower securities

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balances. Our largest funding sources, prepaid and debit card account deposits, contractually adjust immediately to only a portion of Federal Reserve rate increases or decreases. Accordingly, our cost of funds rose to 1.19% in the third quarter of 2022. The majority of our loans and significant amounts of our securities are variable rate with loans repricing on a lagged basis, most within ninety days. While they reprice on a lagged basis, loan rates adjust more fully to Federal Reserve rate increases. Accordingly, we expect that loan repricings will continue to positively impact net interest income and the net interest margin in the fourth quarter of 2022. Additionally, in 2022 non-interest income reflected a $4.0 million third quarter unrealized loss resulting from the write-down to a September 2022 appraisal, less estimated disposition costs, of a $9.5 million loan. An $822,000 provision for credit losses in the third quarter of 2022, compared to a provision for credit losses of $1.6 million in the third quarter of 2021. Prepaid, debit card and other payment fees including ACH, are the largest driver of non-interest income. Such fees for the third quarter of 2022 increased $1.3 million over the comparable 2021 period. Leasing income decreased $920,000 from the comparable prior year quarter. Both periods reflected vehicle sales at relatively higher market prices due to vehicle shortages, while the decrease reflected reduced volume in 2022. Third quarter 2022 non-interest expense increased $5.4 million which reflected increases of $2.9 million in salaries and employee benefits, $413,000 in Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance expense, and a $1.8 million civil money penalty partially offset by a decrease of $344,000 in legal expense.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our accounting and reporting policies conform with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and general practices within the financial services industry. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates. We believe that the determination of our allowance for credit losses on loans, leases and securities, our determination of the fair value of financial instruments and the level in which an instrument is placed within the valuation hierarchy, and stock compensation and income tax accounting involve a higher degree of judgment and complexity than our other significant accounting policies.

We determine our allowance for credit losses using the current expected credit losses method, or CECL, with the objective of maintaining an allowance for credit losses we believe to be sufficient to absorb our estimated probable credit losses. We base our determination of the adequacy of the allowance on periodic evaluations of our loan portfolio and other relevant factors. However, this evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates, including, among others, expected default probabilities, the amount of loss we may incur on a defaulted loan, expected commitment usage, the amounts and timing of expected future cash flows on credit deteriorated loans, value of collateral, estimated losses on consumer loans, and historical loss experience. We also evaluate economic conditions and uncertainties in estimating losses and inherent risks in our loan portfolio. To the extent actual outcomes differ from our estimates, we may need additional provisions for credit losses. Any such additional provisions for credit losses will be a direct charge to our earnings. See “Allowance for Credit Losses”.

The fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. We estimate the fair value of a financial instrument using a variety of valuation methods. Where financial instruments are actively traded and have quoted market prices, quoted market prices are used for fair value. When the financial instruments are not actively traded, other observable market inputs, such as quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, may be used, if available, to determine fair value. When observable market prices do not exist, we estimate fair value. Our valuation methods and inputs consider factors such as types of underlying assets or liabilities, rates of estimated credit losses, interest rate or discount rate and collateral. Our best estimate of fair value involves assumptions including, but not limited to, various performance indicators, such as historical and projected default and recovery rates, credit ratings, current delinquency rates, loan-to-value ratios and the possibility of obligor refinancing.

At the end of each quarter, we assess the valuation hierarchy for each asset or liability measured. From time to time, assets or liabilities may be transferred within hierarchy levels due to changes in availability of observable market inputs to measure fair value at the measurement date. Transfers into or out of hierarchy levels are based upon the fair value at the beginning of the reporting period.

We periodically review our investment portfolio to determine whether unrealized losses on securities result from credit, based on evaluations of the creditworthiness of the issuers or guarantors, and underlying collateral, as applicable. In addition, we consider the continuing performance of the securities. We recognize credit losses through the Consolidated Statements of Operations. If management believes market value losses are not credit related, we recognize the reduction in other comprehensive income, through equity. We evaluate whether a credit loss exists by considering primarily the following factors: (a) the extent to which the fair value has been less than the amortized cost of the security, (b) changes in the financial condition, credit rating and near-term prospects of the issuer, (c) whether the issuer is current on contractually obligated interest and principal payments, (d) changes in the financial condition of the security’s underlying collateral and (e) the payment structure of the security. If a credit loss is determined, we estimate expected future cash flows to estimate the credit loss amount with a quantitative and qualitative process that incorporates information received from first-party sources and internal assumptions and judgments regarding the future performance of the security.

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We account for our stock-based compensation plans based on the fair value of the awards made, which include stock options, restricted stock, and performance based shares. To assess the fair value of the awards made, management makes assumptions as to expected stock price volatility, option terms, forfeiture rates and dividend rates. All these estimates and assumptions may be susceptible to significant change that may impact earnings in future periods.

We account for income taxes under the liability method whereby we determine deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the difference between the carrying values on our consolidated financial statements and the tax basis of assets and liabilities as measured by the enacted tax rates which will be in effect when these differences reverse. Deferred tax expense (benefit) is the result of changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

Recent Developments

As previously disclosed, The Bancorp, Inc.’s (the “Company”) wholly-owned subsidiary, The Bancorp Bank (the “Bank”), filed applications with the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) to convert the Bank’s state charter to a federal charter and to relocate the Bank’s headquarters from Wilmington, Delaware to Sioux Falls, South Dakota, while retaining a branch in Wilmington, Delaware. The referenced applications were approved by the OCC in June 2022, subject to the condition that the Bank notify and receive non-objection from the OCC prior to significantly deviating or changing its business plan or operations. On September 13, 2022, the Bank received written notification from the OCC acknowledging that the conversion process is complete, and that the Bank is authorized to commence business as a national bank. Accordingly, effective September 15, 2022, the Bank began operating as a national bank named ‘The Bancorp Bank, National Association’, regulated by the OCC. As previously disclosed, it is anticipated that, on or after January 1, 2023, the Bank will move its headquarters to Sioux Falls, South Dakota, the location of the Bank’s payments operations and other core business and internal control functions, and a site more geographically proximate to many fintech-related entities and their regulators.

As previously reported, on July 6, 2022, the Company received a Wells Notice from the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), stating that the SEC Staff had made a preliminary determination to recommend that the SEC file an enforcement action against the Company alleging violations of record keeping, reporting and internal control provisions of the Exchange Act in connection with various CMBS securities held by The Bancorp Bank. The Wells Notice was neither a formal charge of wrongdoing nor a final determination that the recipient has violated any law. Without admitting or denying any of the SEC’s allegations, the Company agreed to resolve the investigation by consenting to the entry of an order by the SEC that: (1) the Company will cease and desist from committing or causing any violations of the books-and-records provisions of the Securities Exchange Act and the relevant rules thereunder; and (2) the Company will pay a penalty of $1.75 million (the “Settlement Payment”) to the SEC. The order became effective on August 24, 2022. The Company recognized a non-deductible charge in its third fiscal quarter in the amount of the Settlement Payment. Further, as a result of the settlement, certain costs to the Company related to the investigation will cease, including the legal costs of the investigation, compliance with the SEC’s subpoena, and cooperation with the SEC.

Results of Operations

Third quarter 2022 to third quarter 2021

Net Income: Income from continuing operations before income taxes was $42.4 million in the third quarter of 2022 compared to $36.5 million in the third quarter of 2021. Net income from continuing operations for the third quarter of 2022 was $30.6 million, or $0.54 per diluted share, compared to $28.2 million, or $0.48 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2021. Income increased between those respective periods primarily as a result of higher net interest income. After discontinued operations, net income for the third quarter of 2022 amounted to $30.6 million, compared to $28.3 million for the third quarter of 2021. Net interest income for the third quarter of 2022 increased 27.0%, to $64.7 million from $50.9 million in the third quarter of 2021. The increase was primarily driven by loan growth and rate increases in the loan portfolio. Variable rate loans and securities comprise the majority of the Company’s earning assets, and while they reprice on a lagged basis, they adjust more fully than deposits to Federal Reserve rate increases. Accordingly, we expect that loan repricings will continue to positively impact net interest income and the net interest margin in the fourth quarter of 2022. The provision for credit losses decreased $791,000 to $822,000 in the third quarter of 2022 compared to $1.6 million in the third quarter of 2021, reflecting the impact of lower charge-offs in the 2022 quarter. Non-interest income (excluding security gains and losses) decreased $3.2 million, reflecting a decrease in “Net realized and unrealized gains on commercial loans, at fair value” of $3.6 million which reflected a $4.0 million third quarter unrealized loss from the write-down to a September 2022 appraisal, less estimated disposition costs, of a $9.5 million loan. The unrealized loss resulted from the only loan in our portfolios collateralized by a movie theater and was originated in 2015. It was a legacy loan from our initial entry into the CMBS securitization business which was subsequently discontinued. Prepaid, debit card and related fees are the primary driver of non-interest income and increased $952,000, or 5.2% to $19.2 million in the third quarter of 2022, compared to $18.2 million for the third quarter of 2021. Non-interest expense increased $5.4 million, or 13.8%, to $44.8 million in the third quarter of 2022, compared to $39.4 million in the third quarter of 2021, reflecting increases of $2.9 million in salary expense, $413,000 in FDIC insurance expense, and a $1.8 million civil money penalty partially offset by a decrease of $344,000 in legal expenses. Additionally, the 2022 effective tax rate was higher compared to other recent periods,

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primarily as a result of the non-deductible civil money penalty. Diluted income per share was $0.54 in the third quarter of 2022 compared to $0.48 diluted income per share in the third quarter of 2021 primarily reflecting the above factors.

Net Interest Income: Our net interest income for the third quarter of 2022 increased $13.8 million, or 27.0%, to $64.7 million, from $50.9 million in the third quarter of 2021. Our interest income for the third quarter of 2022 increased to $83.9 million, an increase of $30.4 million, or 56.9%, from $53.5 million for the third quarter of 2021. The increase in interest income resulted primarily from the impact of loan growth and an increase in loan yields as a result of Federal Reserve rate increases. Our average loans and leases increased to $5.91 billion for the third quarter of 2022 from $4.58 billion for the third quarter of 2021, an increase of $1.33 billion, or 29.0%. Related interest income increased $29.1 million on a tax equivalent basis. The increase in average loans reflected growth in SBLOC, IBLOC, investment advisor loans, direct lease financing, and real estate bridge loans partially offset by decreases in PPP loans. Small business loans, which also grew, have generally been comprised of SBA loans; however, in 2021 they reflected larger balances of pandemic-related PPP loans guaranteed by the U.S. government, the majority of which have been repaid, accounting for their decrease. The balance of our commercial loans, at fair value also decreased, as a result of non-SBA CRE bridge loan repayments. In the third quarter of 2021 we resumed originating such loans, referred to as real estate bridge loans. Of the total $29.1 million increase in loan interest income on a tax equivalent basis, the largest increases were $14.0 million for SBLOC, IBLOC and investment advisor financing, and $12.5 million for all real estate bridge loans. Leasing interest grew $1.5 million. Our average investment securities of $827.7 million for the third quarter of 2022 decreased $187.8 million from $1.02 billion for the third quarter of 2021. Related tax equivalent interest income decreased $91,000 primarily reflecting a decrease in balances, the impact of which was mostly offset by an increase in yields. Higher yields on loans and securities reflected the continuing impact of 2022 Federal Reserve rate increases as variable rate loans and securities repriced to higher rates. Federal Reserve rate increases in 2022 had an immediate impact on cost of funds, while their impact on variable rate loans lags. Generally, interest expense is contractually adjusted daily. The majority of our loans and securities are variable rate and generally reprice monthly or quarterly, although some reprice over several years.

Our net interest margin (calculated by dividing net interest income by average interest earning assets) for the third quarter of 2022 was 3.69% compared to 3.35% for the third quarter of 2021, an increase of 34 basis points. While the yield on interest earning assets increased 126 basis points, the cost of deposits and interest bearing liabilities increased 101 basis points, or a net change of 25 basis points. The more pronounced increase in the net interest margin compared to that net change, reflected the impact of higher rates on assets funded by equity. Balances at the Federal Reserve earn lower rates of interest than loans and securities. Average interest earning deposits at the Federal Reserve Bank decreased $211.9 million, or 44.2%, to $267.4 million in the third quarter of 2022 from $479.4 million in the third quarter of 2021. In 2021, the net interest margin benefited from PPP related interest and fees which were $1.2 million higher than those in 2022, and which did not proportionately increase average interest earning assets. In the third quarter of 2022, the average yield on our loans increased to 5.12% from 4.05% for the third quarter of 2021, an increase of 107 basis points. Yields on taxable investment securities in the third quarter of 2022 increased to 3.30% compared to 2.72% for the third quarter of 2021, an increase of 58 basis points. The cost of total deposits and interest bearing liabilities increased 101 basis points to 1.19% for the third quarter of 2022 compared to 0.18% in the third quarter of 2021.

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Average Daily Balances. The following table presents the average daily balances of assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity and the respective interest earned or paid on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as average annualized rates, for the periods indicated:

Three months ended September 30,
2021 2022 vs 2021
Average Average Average
Interest Rate Balance Interest Rate Due to Volume Due to Rate Total
Assets:
Interest earning assets:
Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs * 5,904,996 $ 75,536 5.12% $ 4,573,431 $ 46,357 4.05% $ 15,358 $ 13,821 $ 29,179
Leases-bank qualified** 3,299 55 6.67% 5,031 87 6.92% (29) (3) (32)
Investment securities-taxable 824,178 6,792 3.30% 1,012,007 6,882 2.72% (1,548) 1,458 (90)
Investment securities-nontaxable** 3,559 31 3.48% 3,558 32 3.60% — (1) (1)
Interest earning deposits at Federal Reserve Bank 267,424 1,525 2.28% 479,350 167 0.14% (40) 1,398 1,358
Net interest earning assets 7,003,456 83,939 4.79% 6,073,377 53,525 3.53%
Allowance for credit losses (19,111) (16,277)
Assets held-for-sale from discontinued operations — — — 90,598 754 3.33% (377) (377) (754)
Other assets 212,078 214,715
7,196,423 $ 6,362,413 13,364 16,296 29,660
Liabilities and shareholders' equity:
Deposits:
Demand and interest checking 5,545,115 $ 12,726 0.92% $ 5,124,189 $ 1,063 0.08% 94 11,569 11,663
Savings and money market 479,260 2,792 2.33% 404,775 146 0.14% 32 2,614 2,646
Time 87,562 547 2.50% — — — — 547 547
Total deposits 6,111,937 16,065 1.05% 5,528,964 1,209 0.09%
Short-term borrowings 200,423 1,235 2.46% 13,097 7 0.21% 707 521 1,228
Repurchase agreements 41 — — 41 — — — — —
Long-term borrowings 39,035 506 5.19% — — — — 506 506
Subordinated debt 13,401 177 5.28% 13,401 112 3.34% — 65 65
Senior debt 98,910 1,279 5.17% 100,329 1,279 5.10% — — —
Total deposits and liabilities 6,463,747 19,262 1.19% 5,655,832 2,607 0.18%
Other liabilities 72,539 78,038
Total liabilities 6,536,286 5,733,870 833 15,822 16,655
Shareholders' equity 660,137 628,543
7,196,423 $ 6,362,413
Net interest income on tax equivalent basis ** $ 64,677 $ 51,672 $ 12,531 $ 474 $ 13,005
Tax equivalent adjustment 18 25
Net interest income $ 64,659 $ 51,647
Net interest margin ** 3.69% 3.35%
* Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.
** Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory Federal tax rates in 2021 and 2020.
NOTE: In the table above, interest on loans for 2022 and 2021 includes 21,000 and 1.2 million, respectively, of interest and fees on PPP loans.

All values are in US Dollars.

For the third quarter of 2022, average interest earning assets increased to $7.00 billion, an increase of $930.1 million, or 15.3%, from $6.07 billion in the third quarter of 2021. The increase reflected increased average balances of loans and leases of $1.33 billion, or 29.0%, partially offset by decreased average investment securities of $187.8 million, or 18.5%. For those respective periods, average demand and interest checking deposits increased $420.9 million, or 8.2% The $74.5 million increase in average savings and money market balances between these respective periods reflected growth in interest bearing accounts offered by our affinity group clients to

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prepaid and debit card account customers. The interest expense shown for demand and interest checking is primarily comprised of interest paid to our affinity groups. Additionally in the third quarter of 2022, average short-term borrowings increased $187.3 million and time deposits increased $87.6 million, as loan growth exceeded deposit growth. The time deposits are short term and will mature in the fourth quarter of 2022 and the borrowings mature on a daily basis.

Provision for Credit Losses. Our provision for credit losses was $822,000 for the third quarter of 2022 compared to $1.6 million for the third quarter of 2021. The provision in 2022 reflected the impact of lower net-charge-offs in third quarter 2022. The allowance for credit losses was $19.7 million, or 0.37%, of total loans at September 30, 2022, compared to $17.8 million, or 0.48%, of total loans at December 31, 2021. The lower ratio in 2022 reflected a downward adjustment in the second quarter of 2022 for a greater proportion of government guaranteed balances. Additionally, the majority of loan growth has been in SBLOC, IBLOC and REBL, which require lower allowance allocations. SBLOC are collateralized by marketable securities, IBLOC by the cash value of life insurance and REBL by apartment buildings. We believe that our allowance is adequate to cover expected losses. For more information about our provision and allowance for credit losses and our loss experience, see “Financial Condition-Allowance for credit losses”, “-Net charge-offs,” and “-Non-performing loans, loans 90 days delinquent and still accruing, and troubled debt restructurings,” below and Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.

Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income was $23.4 million in the third quarter of 2022 compared to $26.6 million in the third quarter of 2021. The $3.2 million, or 11.9%, decrease between those respective periods reflected a decrease in “Net realized and unrealized gains on commercial loans, at fair value” to $745,000 from $4.3 million. The $3.6 million change reflected a $4.0 million third quarter 2022 unrealized loss to reflect the write-down to a September 2022 appraisal, less estimated disposition costs, of a $9.5 million loan. The loan represents the only movie theater loan in the Company’s portfolios and was originated in 2015, before non-SBA loan originations were primarily comprised of apartment building loans. Of the $2.15 billion of non-SBA commercial loans, at fair value and REBL loans which together comprise the non-SBA CRE portfolios, $2.05 billion are comprised of apartment building loans. Prepaid, debit card and related fees increased $952,000, or 5.2%, to $19.2 million for the third quarter of 2022 compared to $18.2 million in the third quarter of 2021. The increase reflected higher transaction volume. Related fees in this category include income related to the use of cash in ATMs for prepaid payroll cardholders. ACH, card and other payment processing fees increased $325,000, or 17.1%, to $2.2 million for the third quarter of 2022 compared to $1.9 million in the third quarter of 2021, reflecting increased volume. Leasing related income decreased $920,000, or 46.7%, to $1.0 million for the third quarter of 2022 from $2.0 million for the third quarter of 2021. The reduction reflected decreased volume, as 2021 was impacted by the reopening of vehicle auctions after pandemic closures. Both periods reflected vehicle sales at relatively higher market prices due to vehicle shortages. Other non-interest income increased $42,000, or 22.6%, to $228,000 for the third quarter of 2022 from $186,000 in the third quarter of 2021.

The following table presents the principal categories of non-interest expense for the periods indicated:

For the three months ended September 30,
2022 2021 Increase (Decrease) Percent Change
(Dollars in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits $ 28,001 $ 25,094 $ 2,907 11.6%
Depreciation and amortization 685 729 (44) (6.0)
Rent and related occupancy cost 1,268 1,256 12 1.0
Data processing expense 1,292 1,209 83 6.9
Printing and supplies 154 81 73 90.1
Audit expense 366 356 10 2.8
Legal expense 907 1,251 (344) (27.5)
Civil money penalty 1,750 — 1,750 100.0
Amortization of intangible assets 99 99 — —
FDIC insurance 679 266 413 155.3
Software 4,001 4,045 (44) (1.1)
Insurance 1,314 1,110 204 18.4
Telecom and IT network communications 368 413 (45) (10.9)
Consulting 339 448 (109) (24.3)
Other 3,607 3,027 580 19.2
Total non-interest expense $ 44,830 $ 39,384 $ 5,446 13.8%

Non-Interest Expense. Total non-interest expense was $44.8 million for the third quarter of 2022, an increase of $5.4 million, or 13.8%, compared to $39.4 million for the third quarter of 2021. Salaries and employee benefits increased to $28.0 million for the third quarter of 2022, an increase of $2.9 million, or 11.6%, from $25.1 million for the third quarter of 2021. Higher salary expense in 2022 reflected higher incentive compensation, financial crimes and compliance, payments and employee insurance expense. Depreciation and

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amortization decreased $44,000, or 6.0%, to $685,000 in the third quarter of 2022 from $729,000 in the third quarter of 2021. Rent and occupancy increased $12,000, or 1.0%, to $1.3 million in the third quarter of 2022 from $1.3 million in the third quarter of 2021. Data processing increased $83,000, or 6.9%, to $1.3 million in the third quarter of 2022 from $1.2 million in the third quarter of 2021. Printing and supplies increased $73,000, or 90.1%, to $154,000 in the third quarter of 2022 from $81,000 in the third quarter of 2021. Audit expense increased $10,000, or 2.8%, to $366,000 in the third quarter of 2022 from $356,000 in the third quarter of 2021. Legal expense decreased $344,000, or 27.5%, to $907,000 in the third quarter of 2022 from $1.3 million in the third quarter of 2021, reflecting decreased costs associated with the Cascade matter which was resolved in the second quarter of 2022 and two fact-finding inquiries by the SEC as described in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements. FDIC insurance expense increased $413,000, or 155.3%, to $679,000 for the third quarter of 2022 from $266,000 in the third quarter of 2021, primarily due to growth of the balance sheet. In October 2022, the FDIC adopted a proposal to increase assessments on all depository institutions by 2 basis points for full year 2023. Based on an estimated $7.5 billion of assets, FDIC insurance expense is expected to increase approximately $1.5 million for full year 2023. Software expense decreased $44,000, or 1.1%, to $4.0 million in the third quarter of 2022 from $4.0 million in the third quarter of 2021. Insurance expense increased $204,000, or 18.4%, to $1.3 million in the third quarter of 2022 compared to $1.1 million in the third quarter of 2021, reflecting higher rates, especially on cyber insurance. Telecom and IT network communications decreased $45,000, or 10.9%, to $368,000 in the third quarter of 2022 from $413,000 in the third quarter of 2021. Consulting decreased $109,000, or 24.3%, to $339,000 in the third quarter of 2022 from $448,000 in the third quarter of 2021. In the third quarter of 2022, a $1.8 million civil money penalty resulted from the SEC matter as described in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements. Other non-interest expense increased $580,000, or 19.2%, to $3.6 million in the third quarter of 2022 from $3.0 million in the third quarter of 2021. The $580,000 increase primarily reflected a $291,000 increase in travel expenses, as travel increased post-pandemic.

Income Taxes. Income tax expense for continuing operations was $11.8 million for the third quarter of 2022 compared to $8.3 million in the third quarter of 2021. A 27.9% effective tax rate in 2022 and a 22.7% effective tax rate in 2021 primarily reflected a 21% federal tax rate and the impact of various state income taxes. The higher effective tax rate in the third quarter of 2022 reflected the impact of the $1.8 million civil money penalty which is non-deductible for tax purposes. A lower effective tax rate for the prior year period reflected the impact of a tax deduction related to stock-based compensation recorded as a discrete item in 2021. The large deduction and tax benefit resulted from the increase in the Company’s stock price as compared to the original grant dates of the stock compensation.

First nine months 2022 to nine months 2021

Net Income: Income from continuing operations before income taxes was $121.7 million in the first nine months of 2022 compared to $108.6 million in the first nine months of 2021. Net income from continuing operations for the first nine months of 2022 was $90.0 million, or $1.56 per diluted share, compared to $83.4 million, or $1.41 per diluted share, for the first nine months of 2021. Income increased between those respective periods primarily as a result of higher net interest income and higher non-interest income. After discontinued operations, net income for the first nine months of 2022 amounted to $90.0 million, compared to $83.7 million for the first nine months of 2021. Net interest income for the first nine months of 2022 increased 8.4%, to $172.1 million from $158.7 million in the first nine months of 2021. In the first two quarters of 2022, increases in loan interest resulting from loan growth more than offset decreases in securities interest, but were offset by higher interest expense related to 2022 rate increases by the Federal Reserve. Those increases have an immediate impact on the Company’s cost of funds, while variable rate loans and securities, which comprise the majority of the Company’s earning assets, reprice on a lagged basis and adjust more fully to the Federal Reserve rate increases. Accordingly we expect that loan repricings will continue to positively impact net interest income and the net interest margin in the fourth quarter of 2022. The provision for credit losses increased $2.8 million to $4.3 million in the first nine months of 2022 compared to $1.5 million in the first nine months of 2021. The provision in 2022 reflected the impact of the reclassification of discontinued loans to held for investment. In 2022, as a result of that loan reclassification from discontinued and held for sale to held for investment, related valuation reserves were reversed as a credit to “Net realized and unrealized gains on commercial loans, at fair value” in the consolidated statement of operations, while the allowances for credit losses and loan commitments in the consolidated balance sheet were increased through a provision for credit losses. A $3.5 million credit to “Net realized and unrealized gains on commercial loans, at fair value” was offset by a provision for credit losses of $3.5 million with no net impact on income. Of the $3.5 million provision, $1.3 million increased the allowance for credit losses and $2.2 million increased the allowance for loan commitments recorded in other liabilities. Partially offsetting the current year provision was the impact of a downward qualitative factor adjustment in our CECL methodology. The downward adjustment resulted from a greater proportion of government guaranteed balances, compared to prior periods in applicable small business loan pools which are segregated on the basis of similar risk characteristics (see Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements). The credit to the provision in the prior year reflected reversals of COVID-19 related provisions made in 2020. Non-interest income (excluding security gains and losses) increased $3.4 million, reflecting an increase in “Net realized and unrealized gains on commercial loans, at fair value” of $2.4 million which reflected the impact of the aforementioned reclassification in addition to increases in fees related to non-SBA CRE bridge loan repayments in 2022. These increases were partially offset by a $4.0 million third quarter unrealized loss to reflect a write-down to a September 2022 appraisal, less estimated disposition costs, of a $9.5 million loan. Prepaid, debit card and related fees are the primary driver of non-interest income and increased $987,000, or 1.7% to $57.9 million in the first nine months of 2022, compared to $56.9 million for the first nine months of 2021. Non-interest expense increased $877,000, or 0.7%, to $126.0 million in the first nine months of 2022, compared to $125.2 million in the first nine months of 2021, reflecting an increase of $9,000 in salary expense, a $1.2 million legal settlement resulting from the Cascade matter in the second quarter of 2022, and a $1.8 million civil money penalty partially offset by decreases of $2.9 million in FDIC insurance expense and $2.2 million in legal expense.

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Additionally, the 2022 effective tax rate was higher compared to other recent periods. Diluted income per share was $1.56 in the first nine months of 2022 compared to $1.42 diluted income per share in the first nine months of 2021 primarily reflecting the above factors.

Net Interest Income: Our net interest income for the first nine months of 2022 increased $13.4 million, or 8.4%, to $172.1 million, from $158.7 million in the first nine months of 2021. Our interest income for the first nine months of 2022 increased to $201.4 million, an increase of $34.0 million, or 20.3%, from $167.4 million for the first nine months of 2021. The increase in interest income resulted from the impact of loan growth and the impact of Federal Reserve rate hikes on variable rate loans and securities, partially offset by decreases in securities interest resulting primarily from lower balances. Additionally, securities yields were lower for the first two quarters of the year, before variable rate securities had adjusted to Federal Reserve and other market rate increases. Our average loans and leases increased to $5.54 billion for the first nine months of 2022 from $4.55 billion for the first nine months of 2021, an increase of $988.4 million, or 21.7%. Related interest income increased $37.5 million on a tax equivalent basis. The increase in average loans reflected growth in SBLOC, IBLOC, investment advisor loans, direct lease financing, and real estate bridge loans partially offset by decreases in PPP loans. Small business loans, which also grew, have generally been comprised of SBA loans; however, in 2021 they reflected larger balances of pandemic-related PPP loans guaranteed by the U.S. government, the majority of which have been repaid, accounting for their decrease. The balance of our commercial loans, at fair value also decreased as a result of non-SBA CRE bridge loan repayments. In the third quarter of 2021 we resumed originating such loans, referred to as real estate bridge loans. Of the total $37.5 million increase in loan interest income on a tax equivalent basis, the largest increases were $23.7 million for SBLOC, IBLOC and investment advisor financing, and $16.5 million for all real estate bridge loans. Leasing interest grew $2.6 million. SBA loan interest decreased $6.9 million, which reflected an $8.9 million decrease in PPP related interest and fees. Our average investment securities of $884.0 million for the first nine months of 2022 decreased $214.5 million from $1.10 billion for the first nine months of 2021. Related tax equivalent interest income decreased $5.8 million primarily reflecting a decrease in yields and balances. Federal Reserve rate increases in 2022 had an immediate impact on cost of funds which adjusts only partially to such increases, while their impact on variable rate loans lags due to contractual timing of repricings, which adjust more fully to such rate increases. The majority of such repricings on variable rate loans occur over 90 days. Additionally, in the first half of 2022, rate floors on certain loans had to be exceeded before rates on those loans were increased. As a result, through June 30, 2022 year to date increases in interest income and interest expense over the comparable prior year period were largely offsetting, while loan interest grew significantly more than interest expense in third quarter 2022. Accordingly, while through third quarter 2022 interest income had increased by $34.0 million, interest expense had increased by $20.6 million. The majority of interest expense is contractually adjusted daily. The majority of our loans and securities are variable rate and generally reprice monthly or quarterly, although some reprice over several years.

Our net interest margin (calculated by dividing net interest income by average interest earning assets) for the first nine months of 2022 was 3.32% compared to 3.29% for the first nine months of 2021, an increase of 3 basis points. While the yield on interest earning assets increased 41 basis points, the cost of deposits and interest bearing liabilities increased 42 basis points, or a net change of 1 basis point. The increase in the net interest margin compared to that net change, reflected the impact of higher rates on assets funded by equity. Balances at the Federal Reserve earn lower rates of interest than loans and securities. Average interest earning deposits at the Federal Reserve Bank decreased $282.5 million, or 36.1%, to $499.1 million in the first nine months of 2022 from $781.6 million in the first nine months of 2021. In 2021, the net interest margin benefited from PPP related interest and fees related which were $8.9 million higher than those in 2022, and which did not proportionately increase average interest earning assets. The net interest margin also reflected the impact of 4.8% weighted average floors on non-SBA CRE bridge loans, at fair value. In the first nine months of 2022, the average yield on our loans increased to 4.37% from 4.21% for the first nine months of 2021, an increase of 16 basis points. Yields on taxable investment securities in the first nine months of 2022 decreased to 2.59% compared to 2.79% for the first nine months of 2021, a decrease of 20 basis points. The cost of total deposits and interest bearing liabilities increased 42 basis points to 0.61% for the first nine months of 2022 compared to 0.19% in the first nine months of 2021.

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Average Daily Balances. The following table presents the average daily balances of assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity and the respective interest earned or paid on interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as well as average annualized rates, for the periods indicated:

Nine months ended September 30,
2021 2022 vs 2021
Average Average Average
Interest Rate Balance Interest Rate Due to Volume Due to Rate Total
Assets:
Interest earning assets:
Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs * 5,531,902 $ 181,174 4.37% $ 4,541,262 $ 143,546 4.21% $ 32,283 $ 5,345 $ 37,628
Leases-bank qualified** 3,657 185 6.75% 5,925 301 6.77% (115) (1) (116)
Investment securities-taxable 880,426 17,115 2.59% 1,094,633 22,891 2.79% (4,248) (1,528) (5,776)
Investment securities-nontaxable** 3,559 93 3.48% 3,824 99 3.45% (7) 1 (6)
Interest earning deposits at Federal Reserve Bank 499,104 2,876 0.77% 781,606 650 0.11% (145) 2,371 2,226
Net interest earning assets 6,918,648 201,443 3.88% 6,427,250 167,487 3.47%
Allowance for credit losses (19,087) (16,254)
Assets held-for-sale from discontinued operations — — — 99,472 2,388 3.20% (1,194) (1,194) (2,388)
Other assets 203,143 225,802
7,102,704 $ 6,736,270 26,574 4,994 31,568
Liabilities and shareholders' equity:
Deposits:
Demand and interest checking 5,598,028 $ 18,522 0.44% $ 5,452,604 $ 4,007 0.10% 110 14,405 14,515
Savings and money market 522,525 4,192 1.07% 446,016 487 0.15% 97 3,608 3,705
Time 29,508 547 2.47% — — — — 547 547
Total deposits 6,150,061 23,261 0.50% 5,898,620 4,494 0.10%
Short-term borrowings 71,589 1,267 2.36% 8,717 15 0.23% 547 705 1,252
Repurchase agreements 41 — — 41 — — — — —
Long-term borrowings 39,286 506 1.72% — — — — 506 506
Subordinated debt 13,401 432 4.30% 13,401 337 3.35% — 95 95
Senior debt 98,817 3,838 5.18% 100,237 3,838 5.11% — — —
Total deposits and liabilities 6,373,195 29,304 0.61% 6,021,016 8,684 0.19%
Other liabilities 71,413 105,683
Total liabilities 6,444,608 6,126,699 754 19,866 20,620
Shareholders' equity 658,096 609,571
7,102,704 $ 6,736,270
Net interest income on tax equivalent basis ** $ 172,139 $ 161,191 $ 25,820 $ (14,872) $ 10,948
Tax equivalent adjustment 58 84
Net interest income $ 172,081 $ 161,107
Net interest margin ** 3.32% 3.29%
* Includes commercial loans, at fair value. All periods include non-accrual loans.
** Full taxable equivalent basis, using 21% respective statutory Federal tax rates in 2021 and 2020.
NOTE: In the table above, the 2021 interest on loans reflects 4.6 million of interest and fees which were earned on a short-term line of credit to another institution to initially fund PPP loans, which did not significantly increase average loans or assets and which are not expected to recur. Interest on loans for 2022 and 2021 includes 502,000 and 4.9 million, respectively, of interest and fees on PPP loans.

All values are in US Dollars.

For the first nine months of 2022, average interest earning assets increased to $6.92 billion, an increase of $491.4 million, or 7.6%, from $6.43 billion in the first nine months of 2021. The increase reflected increased average balances of loans and leases of $988.4 million,

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or 21.7%, partially offset by decreased average investment securities of $214.5 million, or 19.5%. For those respective periods, average demand and interest checking deposits increased $145.4 million, or 2.7%, primarily as a result of deposit growth in prepaid and debit card accounts. The $76.5 million increase in average savings and money market balances between these respective periods reflected growth in interest bearing accounts offered by our affinity group clients to prepaid and debit card account customers. A portion of the 2021 deposits resulted from economic stimulus payments related to the pandemic, and was temporary. The interest expense shown for demand and interest checking is primarily comprised of interest paid to our affinity groups.

Provision for Credit Losses. Our provision for credit losses was $4.3 million for the first nine months of 2022 compared to $1.5 million for the first nine months of 2021. The provision in 2022 reflected the impact of the reclassification of discontinued loans to held for investment. In 2022, as a result of a loan reclassification from discontinued and held for sale to held for investment, related valuation reserves were reversed as a credit to “Net realized and unrealized gains on commercial loans, at fair value” in the consolidated statement of operations, while the allowances for credit losses and loan commitments in the consolidated balance sheet were increased through a provision for credit losses. A $3.5 million credit to “ Net realized and unrealized gains on commercial loans, at fair value” was offset by a provision for credit losses of $3.5 million with no net impact on income. Of the $3.5 million provision, $1.3 million increased the allowance for credit losses and $2.2 million increased the allowance for loan commitments recorded in other liabilities. Partially offsetting the current year provision was the impact of a downward qualitative factor adjustment in our CECL methodology. The downward adjustment resulted from a greater proportion of government guaranteed balances, compared to prior periods, in applicable small business loan pools, which are segregated on the basis of similar risk characteristics (see Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements). The credit to the provision in the prior year reflected reversals of COVID-19 related provisions made in 2020. Provisions for both periods included allocations for loan growth. We believe that our allowance is adequate to cover expected losses. For more information about our provision and allowance for credit losses and our loss experience, see “Financial Condition-Allowance for credit losses”, “-Net charge-offs,” and “-Non-performing loans, loans 90 days delinquent and still accruing, and troubled debt restructurings,” below and Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.

Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income was $79.9 million in the first nine months of 2022 compared to $76.5 million in the first nine months of 2021. The $3.4 million, or 4.5%, increase between those respective periods was primarily the result of an increase in “Net realized and unrealized gains on commercial loans, at fair value” to $11.3 million from $8.9 million, a difference of $2.4 million. The $11.3 million year to date “Net realized and unrealized gains on commercial loans, at fair value” for 2022 was comprised of the $3.5 million adjustment described under “Net Income” above, $11.5 million of non-SBA CRE bridge loan repayment related fees and a $1.5 million hedge gain, partially offset by $5.2 million of fair value losses. The $5.2 million in fair value losses reflected a $4.0 million third quarter unrealized loss to reflect the write-down to a September 2022 appraisal, less estimated disposition costs, of a $9.5 million loan. The loan represents the only movie theater loan in the Company’s portfolios and was originated in 2015, before non-SBA loan originations were primarily comprised of apartment building loans. Of the $2.15 billion of non-SBA commercial loans, at fair value and REBL loans which together comprise the non-SBA CRE portfolios, $2.05 billion are comprised of apartment building loans. Prior year net gains consisted primarily of repayment related fees. Prepaid, debit card and related fees increased $987,000, or 1.7%, to $57.9 million for the first nine months of 2022 compared to $56.9 million in the first nine months of 2021. The increase reflected higher transaction volume partially offset by the impact of an affinity client relationship transitioning to its own bank. Related fees in this category include income related to the use of cash in ATMs for prepaid payroll cardholders. ACH, card and other payment processing fees increased $947,000, or 16.9%, to $6.6 million for the first nine months of 2022 compared to $5.6 million in the first nine months of 2021, reflecting increased volume. Leasing related income decreased $1.1 million, or 24.1%, to $3.6 million for the first nine months of 2022 from $4.7 million for the first nine months of 2021. The reduction reflected decreased volume, as 2021 was impacted by the reopening of vehicle auctions after pandemic closures. Both periods reflected vehicle sales at relatively higher market prices due to vehicle shortages. Other non-interest income increased $239,000, or 52.1%, to $698,000 for the first nine months of 2022 from $459,000 in the first nine months of 2021.

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The following table presents the principal categories of non-interest expense for the periods indicated:

For the nine months ended September 30,
2022 2021 Increase (Decrease) Percent Change
(Dollars in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits $ 77,848 $ 77,839 $ 9 —
Depreciation and amortization 2,224 2,144 80 3.7%
Rent and related occupancy cost 3,831 3,777 54 1.4
Data processing expense 3,727 3,481 246 7.1
Printing and supplies 342 277 65 23.5
Audit expense 1,107 1,110 (3) (0.3)
Legal expense 3,175 5,349 (2,174) (40.6)
Legal settlement 1,152 — 1,152 100.0
Civil money penalty 1,750 — 1,750 100.0
Amortization of intangible assets 298 298 — —
FDIC insurance 2,326 5,235 (2,909) (55.6)
Software 12,030 11,435 595 5.2
Insurance 3,692 2,881 811 28.1
Telecom and IT network communications 1,119 1,227 (108) (8.8)
Consulting 902 952 (50) (5.3)
Other 10,504 9,145 1,359 14.9
Total non-interest expense $ 126,027 $ 125,150 $ 877 0.7%

Non-Interest Expense. Total non-interest expense was $126.0 million for the first nine months of 2022, an increase of $877,000, or 0.7%, compared to $125.2 million for the first nine months of 2021. Salaries and employee benefits increased to $77.8 million for the first nine months of 2022, an increase of $9,000, or 0.0%, from $77.8 million for the first nine months of 2021. Higher salary expense in 2022 reflected lower incentive compensation expense, including equity compensation expense, offset by increases in IT and cybersecurity, financial crimes and compliance, payments and employee insurance expense. Depreciation and amortization increased $80,000, or 3.7%, to $2.2 million in the first nine months of 2022 from $2.1 million in the first nine months of 2021, primarily as a result of equipment additions related to a new data center and a new telephone system. Rent and occupancy increased $54,000, or 1.4%, to $3.8 million in the first nine months of 2022 from $3.8 million in the first nine months of 2021. Data processing increased $246,000, or 7.1%, to $3.7 million in the first nine months of 2022 from $3.5 million in the first nine months of 2021. Printing and supplies increased $65,000, or 23.5%, to $342,000 in the first nine months of 2022 from $277,000 in the first nine months of 2021. Audit expense decreased $3,000, or 0.3%, to $1.1 million in the first nine months of 2022 from $1.1 million in the first nine months of 2021. Legal expense decreased $2.2 million, or 40.6%, to $3.2 million in the first nine months of 2022 from $5.3 million in the first nine months of 2021, reflecting decreased costs associated with the Cascade matter resolved in second quarter 2022 and two fact-finding inquiries by the SEC as described in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements, and other regulatory related expenses. FDIC insurance expense decreased $2.9 million, or 55.6%, to $2.3 million for the first nine months of 2022 from $5.2 million in the first nine months of 2021 primarily due to a reduction in the Bank’s assessment rate resulting from the reclassification of certain of our deposits from brokered to non-brokered. The assessment rate is subject to multiple factors which may significantly change the amount assessed. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that reduced rates will continue. In October 2022, the FDIC adopted a proposal to increase assessments on all depository institutions by 2 basis points for full year 2023. Based on an estimated $7.5 billion of assets, FDIC insurance expense is expected to increase approximately $1.5 million for full year 2023.Software expense increased $595,000, or 5.2%, to $12.0 million in the first nine months of 2022 from $11.4 million in the first nine months of 2021. The increase reflected expenditures for information technology to improve efficiency and scalability, including expenses related to cybersecurity. Insurance expense increased $811,000, or 28.1%, to $3.7 million in the first nine months of 2022 compared to $2.9 million in the first nine months of 2021, reflecting higher rates, especially for cyber insurance. Telecom and IT network communications decreased $108,000, or 8.8%, to $1.1 million in the first nine months of 2022 from $1.2 million in the first nine months of 2021. Consulting decreased $50,000, or 5.3%, to $902,000 in the first nine months of 2022 from $952,000 in the first nine months of 2021. In the second quarter of 2022, a $1.2 million legal settlement resulted from the Cascade matter as described in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements. In the third quarter of 2022, a $1.8 million civil money penalty resulted from the SEC matter as described in Note 14. Other non-interest expense increased $1.4 million, or 14.9%, to $10.5 million in the first nine months of 2022 from $9.1 million in the first nine months of 2021. The $1.4 million increase primarily reflected an $842,000 increase in travel expenses, as travel increased post-pandemic.

Income Taxes. Income tax expense for continuing operations was $31.7 million for the first nine months of 2022 compared to $25.2 million in the first nine months of 2021. A 26.0% effective tax rate in 2022 and a 23.2% effective tax rate in 2021 primarily reflected a 21% federal tax rate and the impact of various state income taxes. The higher effective tax rate in 2022 reflected the impact of the $1.8 million civil money penalty which is non-deductible for tax purposes. A lower effective tax rate for the prior year period

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reflected the impact of a tax deduction related to stock-based compensation recorded as a discrete item in 2021. The large deduction and tax benefit resulted from the increase in the Company’s stock price as compared to the original grant dates of the stock compensation.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity defines our ability to generate funds to support asset growth, meet deposit withdrawals, satisfy borrowing needs and otherwise operate on an ongoing basis. We invest the funds we do not need for daily operations primarily in overnight federal funds or in our interest-bearing account at the Federal Reserve.

Our primary source of funding has been deposits. Average total deposits increased by $583.0 million, or 10.5%, to $6.11 billion for the third quarter of 2022 compared to the third quarter of 2021. Federal Reserve average balances decreased to $267.4 million in the third quarter 2022 from $479.4 billion in the third quarter of 2021. In the third quarter of 2022, we averaged $87.6 million of time deposits with terms of 90 days and less. Overnight borrowings are also periodically utilized as a funding source to facilitate cash management, but average balances have generally not been significant. Such borrowings and time deposits increased in 2022 as loan growth exceeded deposit growth.

Our primary source of liquidity is available-for-sale securities which amounted to $790.6 million at September 30, 2022, compared to $953.7 million at December 31, 2021. Loan repayments, also a source of funds, were exceeded by new loan disbursements during the third quarter of 2022. As a result, at September 30, 2022 outstanding loans amounted to $5.27 billion, compared to $3.75 billion at the prior year end, an increase of $1.52 billion. In addition to funding by securities repayments, funding for loan growth included repayments of commercial loans, at fair value. Commercial loans, at fair value, decreased to $818.0 million from $1.39 billion between those respective dates, a decrease of $570.4 million, which also provided funding. In 2019 and previous years, these loans were generally originated for sale into securitizations at six month intervals, but in 2020 we decided to retain such loans on the balance sheet. While we suspended originating such loans after the first quarter of 2020, we resumed originations, which consist primarily of non-SBA CRE bridge loans, in the third quarter of 2021. Such originations are held for investment and are included in “Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs” on the balance sheet. Accordingly, commercial loans, at fair value will continue to run off. Our liquidity planning has not previously placed undue reliance on securitizations, and while our future planning excludes the impact of securitizations, other liquidity sources, primarily deposits, are determined to be adequate. As noted previously, borrowings and time deposits were also utilized to fund loans, as loan growth outpaced deposit growth during the quarter.

While we do not have a traditional branch system, we believe that our core deposits, which include our demand, interest checking, savings and money market accounts, have similar characteristics to those of a bank with a branch system. The majority of our deposit accounts are obtained with the assistance of third-parties and as a result have historically been classified as brokered by the FDIC. Prior to December 2020, FDIC guidance for classification of deposit accounts as brokered was relatively broad, and generally included accounts which were referred to or “placed” with the institution by other companies. If the Bank ceases to be categorized as “well capitalized” under banking regulations, it will be prohibited from accepting, renewing or rolling over brokered deposits without the consent of the FDIC. In such a case, the FDIC’s refusal to grant consent to our accepting, renewing or rolling over brokered deposits could effectively restrict or eliminate the ability of the Bank to operate its business lines as presently conducted. In December 2020, the FDIC issued a new regulation which, in the third quarter of 2021, resulted in the majority of our deposits being reclassified from brokered to non-brokered. As of September 30, 2022, approximately $2.09 billion of our total deposit accounts of $6.91 billion were not insured by FDIC insurance, which requires identification of the depositor and is limited to $250,000 per identified depositor. Uninsured accounts may represent a greater liquidity risk than FDIC-insured accounts should large depositors withdraw funds as a result of negative financial developments either at the Bank or in the economy. Significant amounts of our uninsured deposits are comprised of small balances, such as anonymous gift cards and corporate incentive cards for which there is no identified depositor. We do not believe that such uninsured accounts present a significant liquidity risk.

We focus on customer service which we believe has resulted in a history of customer loyalty. Certain components of our deposits do experience seasonality, creating greater excess liquidity at certain times. The largest deposit inflows occur in the first quarter of the year when certain of our accounts are credited with tax refund payments from the U.S. Treasury.

While consumer deposit accounts including prepaid and debit card accounts comprise the vast majority of our funding needs, we maintain secured borrowing lines with the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) and the Federal Reserve. As of September 30, 2022, we had a line of credit with the Federal Reserve which exceeded one billion dollars, which may be collateralized by various types of loans, but which we generally did not use prior to the pandemic. To mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve has encouraged banks to utilize their lines to maximize the amount of funding available for credit markets. Accordingly, the Bank has borrowed on its line on an overnight basis and may do so in the future. The amount of loans pledged varies and the collateral may be unpledged at any time to the extent the collateral exceeds advances. We have pledged in excess of $1.4 billion of multi-family loans to the FHLB. As a result, we have approximately $1.2 billion of availability on our line of credit which we can access at any time. Additionally, approximately $400 million of our available-for-sale securities are U.S. government agency securities which are highly liquid and may be pledged as additional collateral. Our collateralized line of credit with the Federal Reserve Bank (“FRB”) is $1.4 billion as of September 30, 2022. As of September 30, 2022, there were no amounts outstanding on either of these lines of credit. We expect to

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continue to maintain our facilities with the FHLB and Federal Reserve. We actively monitor our positions and contingent funding sources daily.

As a holding company conducting substantially all our business through our subsidiaries, our near term need for liquidity consists principally of cash for required interest payments on our trust preferred securities and senior debt. Our sources of liquidity are primarily comprised of dividends from the Bank to the holding company, and the issuance of debt. In the third quarter of 2020, holding company cash was increased by approximately $98.2 million as a result of the net proceeds of a senior debt offering. As of September 30, 2022, we had cash reserves of approximately $17.3 million at the holding company. A reduction from the prior quarter end reflected the impact of $15.0 million of common stock repurchases. The biannual interest payments on the $100.0 million of senior debt are approximately $2.4 million based on a fixed rate of 4.75%. Current quarterly interest payments on the $13.4 million of subordinated debentures are approximately $250,000 based on a floating rate of 3.25% over London Inter-bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). The senior debt matures in August 2025 and the subordinated debentures mature in March 2038. In lieu of repayment of debt from Bank dividends, industry practice includes the issuance of new debt to repay maturing debt.

Included in our cash and cash-equivalents at September 30, 2022 were $700.2 million of interest earning deposits which primarily consisted of deposits with the Federal Reserve.

In 2022, purchases of $19.3 million of securities were exceeded by $127.4 million of redemptions. We had outstanding commitments to fund loans, including unused lines of credit, of $1.98 billion and $2.15 billion as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The majority of our commitments are variable rate and originate with security backed lines of credit. The recorded amount of such commitments has, for many accounts, been based on the full amount of collateral in a customer’s investment account. The funding requirements for such commitments occur on a measured basis over time and would be funded by normal deposit growth. Additionally, these loans are “demand” loans and as such, represent a contingency source of funding.

We must comply with capital adequacy guidelines issued by our regulators. A bank must, in general, have a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 5.00%, a ratio of Tier I capital to risk-weighted assets of 8.0%, a ratio of total capital to risk-weighted assets of 10.0% and a ratio of common equity tier 1 to risk weighted assets of 6.5% to be considered “well capitalized.” The Tier I leverage ratio is the ratio of Tier 1 capital to average assets for the quarter. “Tier I capital” includes common shareholders’ equity, certain qualifying perpetual preferred stock and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries, less intangibles. At September 30, 2022, we were “well capitalized” under banking regulations.

The following table sets forth our regulatory capital amounts and ratios for the periods indicated:

Tier 1 capital Tier 1 capital Total capital Common equity
to average to risk-weighted to risk-weighted tier 1 to risk
assets ratio assets ratio assets ratio weighted assets
As of September 30, 2022
The Bancorp, Inc. 9.66% 13.13% 13.56% 13.13%
The Bancorp Bank, National Association 10.79% 14.73% 15.15% 14.73%
"Well capitalized" institution (under federal regulations-Basel III) 5.00% 8.00% 10.00% 6.50%
As of December 31, 2021
The Bancorp, Inc. 10.40% 14.72% 15.13% 14.72%
The Bancorp Bank, National Association 10.98% 15.48% 15.88% 15.48%
"Well capitalized" institution (under federal regulations-Basel III) 5.00% 8.00% 10.00% 6.50%

Asset and Liability Management

The management of rate sensitive assets and liabilities is essential to controlling interest rate risk and optimizing interest margins. An interest rate sensitive asset or liability is one that, within a defined time period, either matures or experiences an interest rate change in line with general market rates. Interest rate sensitivity measures the relative volatility of an institution’s interest margin resulting from changes in market interest rates. While it is difficult to predict the impact of inflation and responsive Federal Reserve rate changes on our net interest income, the Federal Reserve has historically utilized increases in the overnight federal funds rate as one tool in fighting inflation. As a result of high rates of inflation, the Federal Reserve raised rates in each quarter of 2022. Our largest funding source, prepaid and debit card deposit accounts, contractually adjusts to only a portion of increases or decreases in rates which are largely determined by such Federal Reserve actions. That pricing has generally supported the maintenance of a balance sheet for which net interest income tends to increase with increases in rates. While deposits reprice to only a portion of Federal Reserve rate changes, such changes are immediate. Interest earning assets comprised primarily of loans and securities tend to adjust more fully to rate increases at lagged contractual pricing intervals. The majority of our loans and securities are variable rate and generally reprice monthly or quarterly, although some reprice over several years. Additionally, the impact of loan interest rate floors which must be exceeded before rates on certain loans increase, may result in decreases in net interest income with lesser increases in rates. Cumulative 2022 Federal Reserve

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interest rate increases resulted in contractual rates on loans generally exceeding rate floors in the second quarter of 2022. As these loans repriced more fully than deposits to Federal Reserve rate hikes, net interest income was positively impacted beginning in the third quarter of 2022. We expect that net interest income will increase further in fourth quarter 2022; however, due to variables discussed in this section, the timing and extent of such increases is difficult to predict.

We monitor, manage and control interest rate risk through a variety of techniques, including the use of traditional interest rate sensitivity analysis (also known as “gap analysis”) and an interest rate risk management model. With the interest rate risk management model, we project future net interest income and then estimate the effect of various changes in interest rates on that projected net interest income. We also use the interest rate risk management model to calculate the change in net portfolio value over a range of interest rate change scenarios. Traditional gap analysis involves arranging our interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities by repricing periods and then computing the difference (or “interest rate sensitivity gap”) between the assets and liabilities that we estimate will reprice during each time period and cumulatively through the end of each time period.

Both interest rate sensitivity modeling and gap analysis are done at a specific point in time and involve a variety of significant estimates and assumptions. Interest rate sensitivity modeling requires, among other things, estimates of how much and when yields and costs on individual categories of interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities will respond to general changes in market rates, future cash flows and discount rates. Gap analysis requires estimates as to when individual categories of interest-sensitive assets and liabilities will reprice, and assumes that assets and liabilities assigned to the same repricing period will reprice at the same time and in the same amount. Gap analysis does not account for the fact that repricing of assets and liabilities is discretionary and subject to competitive and other pressures. A gap is considered positive when the amount of interest rate sensitive assets exceeds the amount of interest rate sensitive liabilities. A gap is considered negative when the amount of interest rate sensitive liabilities exceeds interest rate sensitive assets. During a period of falling interest rates, a positive gap would tend to adversely affect net interest income, while a negative gap would tend to result in an increase in net interest income. During a period of rising interest rates, a positive gap would tend to result in an increase in net interest income while a negative gap would tend to affect net interest income adversely.

The following table sets forth the estimated maturity or repricing structure of our interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities at September 30, 2022. Except as stated below, the amounts of assets or liabilities shown which reprice or mature during a particular period were determined in accordance with the contractual terms of each asset or liability. The majority of demand and interest bearing demand deposits and savings deposits are assumed to be “core” deposits, or deposits that will generally remain with us regardless of market interest rates. We estimate the repricing characteristics of these deposits based on historical performance, past experience, judgmental predictions and other deposit behavior assumptions. However, we may choose not to reprice liabilities proportionally to changes in market interest rates for competitive or other reasons. Additionally, although non-interest bearing demand accounts are not paid interest, we estimate certain of the balances will reprice as a result of the contractual fees that are paid to the affinity groups which are based upon a rate index, and therefore are included in interest expense. We have adjusted the transaction account balances in the table downward, to better reflect the impact of their partial adjustment to changes in rates. Loans and security balances, which adjust more fully to market rate changes, are based upon actual balances. The rates on the majority of commercial loans, at fair value, and IBLOC loans totaling $658.1 million and $1.10 billion at September 30, 2022, respectively, were previously at their floors, which were generally exceeded at that date. The table does not assume any prepayment of fixed-rate loans and mortgage-backed securities are scheduled based on their anticipated cash flow, including prepayments based on historical data and current market trends. The table does not necessarily indicate the impact of general interest rate movements on our net interest income because the repricing and related behavior of certain categories of assets and liabilities is beyond our control as, for example, prepayments of loans and withdrawal of deposits. As a result, certain assets and liabilities indicated as repricing within a stated period may in fact reprice at different times and at different rate levels.

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1-90 91-364 1-3 3-5 Over 5
Days Days Years Years Years
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest earning assets:
Commercial loans, at fair value $ 704,644 $ 25,194 $ 15,005 $ 73,197 $ —
Loans, net of deferred loan fees and costs 4,124,427 110,974 319,100 501,157 211,717
Investment securities 429,406 49,399 152,154 77,086 82,549
Interest earning deposits 700,175 — — — —
Total interest earning assets 5,958,652 185,567 486,259 651,440 294,266
Interest bearing liabilities:
Transaction accounts as adjusted* 2,967,296 — — — —
Savings and money market 575,381 — — — —
Time deposits 401,331 — — — —
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase 42 — — — —
Senior debt and subordinated debentures 13,401 — 98,958 — —
Total interest bearing liabilities 3,957,451 — 98,958 — —
Gap $ 2,001,202 $ 185,567 $ 387,301 $ 651,440 $ 294,266
Cumulative gap $ 2,001,202 $ 2,186,768 $ 2,574,069 $ 3,225,509 $ 3,519,775
Gap to assets ratio 26% 2% 5% 8% 4%
Cumulative gap to assets ratio 26% 28% 33% 41% 45%

* Transaction accounts are comprised primarily of demand deposits. While demand deposits are non-interest bearing, related fees paid to affinity groups may reprice according to specified indices.

The methods used to analyze interest rate sensitivity in this table have a number of limitations. Certain assets and liabilities may react differently to changes in interest rates even though they reprice or mature in the same or similar time periods. The interest rates on certain assets and liabilities may change at different times than market interest rates, with some changing in advance of changes in market rates and some lagging behind changes in market rates. Additionally, the actual prepayments and withdrawals we experience when interest rates change may deviate significantly from those assumed in calculating the data shown in the table. Accordingly, actual results can and often do differ from projections.

We believe that the assumptions utilized in evaluating our estimated net interest income are reasonable; however, the interest rate sensitivity of our assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet financial instruments, as well as the estimated effect of changes in interest rates on estimated net interest income, could vary substantially if different assumptions are used or actual experience differs from presumed behavior of various deposit and loan categories. The following table shows the effects of interest rate shocks on our net portfolio value described as Market Value of Portfolio Equity (“MVPE”) and net interest income. Rate shocks assume that current interest rates change immediately and sustain parallel shifts. For interest rate increases or decreases of 100 and 200 basis points, our policy includes a guideline that our MVPE ratio should not decrease more than 10% and 15%, respectively, and that net interest income should not decrease more than 10% and 15%, respectively. As illustrated in the following table, we complied with our asset/liability policy guidelines at September 30, 2022, except for a slight deviation in the 200 basis point decrease scenario. While our modeling suggests that rate increases of 100 and 200 basis points will have a positive impact on net interest income (as shown in the table below), the actual amount of such increase cannot be determined, and there can be no assurance any increase will be realized.

Net portfolio value at Net interest income
September 30, 2022 September 30, 2022
Percentage Percentage
Rate scenario Amount change Amount change
(Dollars in thousands)
+200 basis points $ 1,415,201 5.58% $ 362,761 16.31%
+100 basis points 1,378,452 2.84% 337,250 8.13%
Flat rate 1,340,354 — 311,895 —
-100 basis points 1,298,657 (3.11)% 287,220 (7.91)%
-200 basis points 1,248,986 (6.82)% 262,764 (15.75)%

Financial Condition

General. Our total assets at September 30, 2022 were $7.78 billion, of which our total loans were $5.27 billion, and our commercial loans, at fair value, were $818.0 million. At December 31, 2021, our total assets were $6.84 billion, of which our total loans were $3.75 billion, and our commercial loans, at fair value were $1.39 billion. The increase in assets reflected loan growth, partially offset by continuing decreases in securities. In recent periods, we limited securities purchases which would have replaced repayments or grown balances, as a result of the relatively low interest rate environment. As a result of increases in interest rates, increased purchases of securities will be considered.

Interest earning deposits and federal funds sold. At September 30, 2022, we had a total of $700.2 million of interest earning deposits compared to $596.4 million at December 31, 2021, an increase of $103.8 million. These deposits were comprised primarily of balances

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at the Federal Reserve. The September 30, 2022 balance of $700.2 million will likely be reduced by $401.3 million of short term time deposits maturing in the fourth quarter of 2022.

Investment portfolio. For detailed information on the composition and maturity distribution of our investment portfolio, see Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements. Total investment securities decreased to $790.6 million at September 30, 2022, a decrease of $163.1 million, or 17.1%, from December 31, 2021. The decrease reflected securities repayments.

Under the accounting guidance related to CECL, changes in fair value of securities unrelated to credit losses, continue to be recognized through equity. However, credit-related losses are recognized through an allowance, rather than through a reduction in the amortized cost of the security. CECL accounting guidance also permits the reversal of allowances for credit deterioration in future periods based on improvements in credit, which was not included in previous guidance. Generally, a security’s credit-related loss is the difference between its amortized cost basis and the best estimate of its expected future cash flows discounted at the security’s effective yield. That difference is recognized through the income statement, as with prior guidance, but is renamed a provision for credit loss. For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we recognized no credit-related losses on our portfolio.

Investments in Federal Home Loan, Atlantic Central Bankers and Federal Reserve Bank stock are recorded at cost and amounted to $12.6 million at September 30, 2022 and $1.7 million at December 31, 2021. Each of these institutions require their correspondent banking institutions to hold stock as a condition of membership. The Bank’s conversion to a national charter required the purchase of $11.0 million of Federal Reserve Bank stock in September of 2022. While a fixed stock amount is required by each of these institutions, the Federal Home Loan Bank stock requirement increases or decreases with the level of borrowing activity.

At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 no investment securities were encumbered as borrowings were collateralized with loans.

Of the six securities resulting from our securitizations all have been repaid except that from CRE-2. As of September 30, 2022, the principal balance of the security we own issued by CRE-2 was $12.6 million. Repayment is expected from the workout or disposition of commercial real estate collateral, after repayment of the one remaining senior tranche. The Company’s $12.6 million security has 50% excess credit support; thus, losses of 50% of remaining security balances would have to be incurred, prior to any loss on our security. Additionally, the commercial real estate collateral supporting the three remaining loans were re-appraised between 2020 and 2022. The updated appraised value is approximately $60.9 million, which is net of $573,000 due to the servicer. The remaining principal to be repaid on all securities is approximately $58.1 million and, as noted, the Company’s security is scheduled to be repaid prior to 50% of the outstanding securities. However, any future reappraisals could result in further decreases in collateral valuation. While available information indicates that the value of existing collateral will be adequate to repay the Company’s security, there can be no assurance that such valuations will be realized upon loan resolutions, and that deficiencies will not exceed the 50% credit support. Of the remaining three loans, the property collateral for two of the loans is expected to be liquidated through sale. The third loan was originally extended two years to June of 2022 and terms have not yet been reached for another extension, thus putting the loan in maturity default. If not extended by the special servicer, the property will be foreclosed and sold. The property was appraised at $28.4 million on September 1, 2020 with total exposure in the security of $25.0 million. A recent broker opinion of property liquidation value was $20.9 million. The existing 50% credit enhancement continues to provide repayment protection for the Bank owned tranche.

The following table shows the contractual maturity distribution and the weighted average yield of our investment portfolio security as of September 30, 2022 (in thousands). The weighted average yield was calculated by dividing the amount of individual securities to total securities in each category, multiplying by the yield of the individual security and adding the results of those individual computations.

After After
Zero one to five to Over
to one Average five Average ten Average ten Average
Available-for-sale year yield years yield years yield years yield Total
U.S. Government agency securities $ — — $ 7,825 2.41% $ 5,197 3.06% $ 11,260 2.79% $ 24,282
Asset-backed securities 5,668 4.37% — — 154,869 4.43% 180,444 4.56% 340,981
Tax-exempt obligations of states and political subdivisions * 659 2.60% 2,798 2.81% — — — — 3,457
Taxable obligations of states and political subdivisions 2,026 4.99% 38,985 3.23% 3,021 3.59% — — 44,032
Residential mortgage-backed securities — — 40,767 2.47% 14,168 3.05% 89,379 2.47% 144,314
Collateralized mortgage obligation securities — — 364 1.84% 7,074 2.59% 37,324 2.88% 44,762
Commercial mortgage-backed securities 18,879 2.42% 46,988 2.60% 35,559 2.51% 80,540 3.36% 181,966
Corporate debt securities — — — — — — 6,800 6.33% 6,800
Total $ 27,232 $ 137,727 $ 219,888 $ 405,747 $ 790,594
Weighted average yield 3.02% 2.73% 3.93% 3.66%

* If adjusted to their taxable equivalents, yields would approximate 3.29% and 3.56% for zero to one year and one to five years, respectively, at a Federal tax rate of 21%.

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Commercial loans, at fair value. Commercial loans, at fair value are comprised of non-SBA CRE loans and SBA loans which had been originated for sale or securitization through first quarter 2020, and which are now being held on the balance sheet. Non-SBA CRE loans and SBA loans are valued using a discounted cash flow analysis based upon pricing for similar loans where market indications of the sales price of such loans are not available, on a pooled basis. Commercial loans, at fair value decreased to $818.0 million at September 30, 2022 from $1.39 billion at December 31, 2021, primarily reflecting the impact of loan repayments. These loans continue to be accounted for at fair value. In the third quarter of 2021 we resumed originating non-SBA CRE loans, after suspending such originations in the first quarter of 2020. These originations reflect lending criteria similar to the existing loan portfolio and are primarily comprised of multi-family (apartment buildings) collateral. The new originations, which are intended to be held for investment, are accounted for at amortized cost.

Loan portfolio. Total loans increased to $5.27 billion at September 30, 2022 from $3.75 billion at December 31, 2021.

The following table summarizes our loan portfolio, excluding loans held at fair value, by loan category for the periods indicated (in

thousands):

September 30, December 31,
2022 2021
SBL non-real estate $ 116,080 $ 147,722
SBL commercial mortgage 429,865 361,171
SBL construction 26,841 27,199
Small business loans 572,786 536,092
Direct lease financing 599,796 531,012
SBLOC / IBLOC * 2,369,106 1,929,581
Advisor financing ** 168,559 115,770
Real estate bridge loans 1,488,119 621,702
Other loans *** 64,980 5,014
5,263,346 3,739,171
Unamortized loan fees and costs 4,029 8,053
Total loans, including unamortized loan fees and costs $ 5,267,375 $ 3,747,224
December 31,
--- --- --- ---
2021
SBL loans, including costs net of deferred fees of 6,370 and 5,345
for September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively 579,156 $ 541,437
SBL loans included in commercial loans, at fair value 159,914 199,585
Total small business loans **** 739,070 $ 741,022

All values are in US Dollars.

* Securities Backed Lines of Credit, or SBLOC, are collateralized by marketable securities, while Insurance Backed Lines of Credit, or IBLOC, are collateralized by the cash surrender value of insurance policies. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, IBLOC loans amounted to $1.10 billion and $788.3 million.

** In 2020, the Company began originating loans to investment advisors for purposes of debt refinance, acquisition of another firm or internal succession. Maximum loan amounts are subject to loan-to-value ratios of 70%, based on third-party business appraisals, but may be increased depending upon the debt service coverage ratio. Personal guarantees and blanket business liens are obtained as appropriate.

*** Includes demand deposit overdrafts reclassified as loan balances totaling $1.0 million and $322,000 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Estimated overdraft charge-offs and recoveries are reflected in the allowance for credit losses and have been immaterial. September 30, 2022 includes $54.2 million of balances previously included in discontinued assets including $19.5 million of residential loans with the balance comprised of commercial loans.

**** The small business loans held at fair value are comprised of the government guaranteed portion of SBA 7a loans at the dates indicated (in thousands).

The following table summarizes our small business loan portfolio, including loans held at fair value, by loan category as of September 30, 2022 (in thousands):

Loan principal
U.S. government guaranteed portion of SBA loans (a) $ 371,002
Paycheck Protection Program loans (PPP) (a) 6,627
Commercial mortgage SBA (b) 223,607
Construction SBA (c) 9,776
Non-guaranteed portion of U.S. government guaranteed 7a loans (d) 98,742
Non-SBA small business loans 21,090
Total principal $ 730,844
Unamortized fees and costs 8,226
Total small business loans $ 739,070

This is the portion of SBA 7a loans (7a) and PPP loans which have been guaranteed by the U.S. government, and therefore are assumed to have no credit risk.

Substantially all these loans are made under the SBA 504 Fixed Asset Financing program (504) which dictates origination date loan-to-value percentages (“LTV”), generally 50-60%, to which The Bancorp Bank, N. A. adheres.

Of the $9.8 million in Construction SBA loans, $8.7 million are 504 first mortgages with an origination date LTV of 50-60% and $1.1 million are SBA interim loans with an approved SBA post-construction full takeout/payoff.

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The $98.7 million represents the unguaranteed portion of 7a loans which are 70% or more guaranteed by the U.S. government. 7a loans are not made on the basis of real estate LTV; however, they are subject to SBA's "All Available Collateral" rule which mandates that to the extent a borrower or its 20% or greater principals have available collateral (including personal residences), the collateral must be pledged to fully collateralize the loan, after applying SBA-determined liquidation rates. In addition, all 7a and 504 loans require the personal guaranty of all 20% or greater owners.

The following table summarizes our small business loan portfolio, excluding the government guaranteed portion of SBA 7a loans and PPP loans, by loan type as of September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

SBL commercial mortgage* SBL construction* SBL non-real estate Total % Total
Hotels and motels $ 60,951 $ 71 $ 22 $ 61,044 17%
Car washes 17,103 1,180 112 18,395 5%
Full-service restaurants 12,634 2,704 1,719 17,057 5%
Lessors of nonresidential buildings 15,849 — — 15,849 5%
Child day care services 14,374 — 1,058 15,432 4%
Outpatient mental health and substance abuse centers 15,149 — — 15,149 4%
Funeral homes and funeral services 11,749 — 49 11,798 3%
Offices of lawyers 9,387 — — 9,387 3%
Assisted living facilities for the elderly 8,694 — — 8,694 3%
Gasoline stations with convenience stores 8,145 — — 8,145 2%
Fitness and recreational sports centers 5,685 — 2,358 8,043 2%
General warehousing and storage 6,904 — — 6,904 2%
Solar electric power generation — — 6,856 6,856 2%
Plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning contractors 5,709 — 1,007 6,716 2%
Baked goods stores — — 6,118 6,118 2%
Lessors of other real estate property 5,883 — — 5,883 2%
All other amusement and recreation industries 4,535 33 1,049 5,617 2%
Limited-service restaurants 900 1,959 2,329 5,188 1%
Other miscellaneous durable goods merchant wholesalers 4,877 — 59 4,936 1%
Lessors of residential buildings and dwellings 4,865 — — 4,865 1%
Other technical and trade schools — 4,827 — 4,827 1%
Other spectator sports 4,745 — — 4,745 1%
Offices of dentists 2,542 654 71 3,267 1%
Other warehousing and storage 3,162 — — 3,162 1%
Vocational rehabilitation services 3,090 — — 3,090 1%
Other** 68,041 1,367 22,640 92,048 27%
$ 294,973 $ 12,795 $ 45,447 $ 353,215 100%

* Of the SBL commercial mortgage and SBL construction loans, $74.4 million represents the total of the non-guaranteed portion of SBA 7a loans and non-SBA loans. The balance of those categories represents SBA 504 loans with 50%-60% origination date loan-to-values.

** Loan types less than $3.0 million are spread over a hundred different classifications such as Commercial Printing, Pet and Pet Supplies Stores, Securities Brokerage, etc.

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The following table summarizes our small business loan portfolio, excluding the government guaranteed portion of SBA 7a loans and PPP loans, by state as of September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

SBL commercial mortgage* SBL construction* SBL non-real estate Total % Total
Florida $ 63,023 $ 319 $ 3,539 $ 66,881 19%
California 50,443 2,704 3,991 57,138 16%
North Carolina 30,172 6,995 2,139 39,306 11%
New York 22,802 71 9,088 31,961 9%
Pennsylvania 17,737 — 2,303 20,040 6%
New Jersey 12,270 — 7,232 19,502 6%
Illinois 14,761 — 1,547 16,308 5%
Texas 12,056 — 3,125 15,181 4%
Colorado 11,418 1,636 1,190 14,244 4%
Connecticut 10,179 — 467 10,646 3%
Virginia 8,530 — 1,040 9,570 3%
Georgia 7,069 — 1,584 8,653 2%
Tennessee 8,081 — 337 8,418 2%
Ohio 6,270 — 478 6,748 2%
Michigan 3,345 — 334 3,679 1%
Other States 16,817 1,070 7,053 24,940 7%
$ 294,973 $ 12,795 $ 45,447 $ 353,215 100%

* Of the SBL commercial mortgage and SBL construction loans, $74.4 million represents the total of the non-guaranteed portion of SBA 7a loans and non-SBA loans. The balance of those categories represents SBA 504 loans with 50%-60% origination date loan-to-values.

The following table summarizes the 10 largest loans in our small business loan portfolio, including loans held at fair value, as of September 30, 2022 (in thousands):

Type* State SBL commercial mortgage*
Mental health and substance abuse center Florida $ 10,096
Hotel Florida 8,687
Lawyer’s office California 8,461
General warehousing and storage Pennsylvania 6,904
Hotel New York 5,883
Hotel North Carolina 5,738
Mental health and substance abuse center Connecticut 5,053
Assisted living facility Florida 4,978
Lessors of nonresidential buildings North Carolina 4,940
Lessors of residential buildings and dwellings New Jersey 4,865
Total $ 65,605

* All the top 10 loans are 504 SBA loans with 50%-60% origination date loan-to-value. The top 10 loan table above does not include loans to the extent that they are U.S. government guaranteed.

Commercial real estate loans, primarily bridge loans, excluding SBA loans, are as follows including LTV at origination as of September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

# Loans Balance Weighted average origination date LTV Weighted average interest rate
Real estate bridge loans (multi-family apartment loans recorded at book value)* 115 $ 1,488,119 73% 6.18%
Non-SBA commercial real estate loans, at fair value:
Multi-family (apartment bridge loans)* 35 $ 564,482 76% 5.82%
Hospitality (hotels and lodging) 5 37,768 65% 6.56%
Retail 4 51,827 71% 5.56%
Other 5 13,886 73% 5.07%
49 667,963 75% 5.83%
Fair value adjustment (9,837)
Total non-SBA commercial real estate loans, at fair value 658,126
Total commercial real estate loans $ 2,146,245 74% 6.10%

* In the third quarter of 2021, we resumed the origination of multi-family apartment loans. These are similar to the multi-family apartment loans carried at fair value, but at origination are intended to be held on the balance sheet, so are not accounted for at fair value.

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The following table summarizes our commercial real estate loans, primarily bridge loans excluding SBA loans, by state as of September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

Origination date LTV
Texas 814,502 74%
Georgia 219,574 72%
Florida 187,465 72%
Ohio 99,784 71%
Tennessee 92,423 70%
Alabama 73,034 74%
Michigan 72,815 74%
Other States each <50 million 586,648 74%
Total 2,146,245 74%

All values are in US Dollars.

The following table summarizes our 15 largest commercial real estate loans, primarily bridge loans, excluding SBA loans, as of September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands). All these loans are multi-family loans.

Balance Origination date LTV
Texas $ 41,040 75%
Texas 39,345 79%
Texas 38,625 72%
Tennessee 37,380 72%
Texas 37,283 75%
Texas 37,259 80%
Michigan 35,941 71%
Florida 32,441 72%
Texas 31,244 67%
Michigan 30,700 79%
Tennessee 30,361 62%
Missouri 30,000 72%
Texas 29,895 62%
Texas 28,500 77%
Texas 27,481 77%
15 Largest loans $ 507,495 73%

The following table summarizes our institutional banking portfolio by type as of September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

Type Principal % of total
Securities backed lines of credit (SBLOC) $ 1,265,017 50%
Insurance backed lines of credit (IBLOC) 1,104,089 43%
Advisor financing 168,559 7%
Total $ 2,537,665 100%

For SBLOC, we generally lend up to 50% of the value of equities and 80% for investment grade securities. While equities have fallen in excess of 30% in recent years, the reduction in collateral value of brokerage accounts collateralizing SBLOCs generally has been less, for two reasons. First, many collateral accounts are “balanced” and accordingly, have a component of debt securities, which have either not decreased in value as much as equities, or in some cases may have increased in value. Secondly, many of these accounts have the benefit of professional investment advisors who provided some protection against market downturns, through diversification and other means. Additionally, borrowers often utilize only a portion of collateral value, which lowers the percentage of principal to the market value of collateral.

The following table summarizes our top 10 SBLOC loans as of September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

Principal amount % Principal to collateral
$ 20,288 58%
18,000 42%
17,181 72%
14,428 38%
9,465 33%
9,376 66%
9,034 48%
8,529 71%
7,906 75%
6,373 32%
Total and weighted average $ 120,580 54%

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IBLOC loans are backed by the cash value of life insurance policies which have been assigned to us. We generally lend up to 95% of such cash value. Our underwriting standards require approval of the insurance companies which carry the policies backing these loans. Currently, eight insurance companies have been approved and, as of August 2, 2022, all were rated A- or better by AM BEST.

The following table summarizes our direct lease financing portfolio* by type as of September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

Principal balance % Total
Construction $ 110,215 18%
Government agencies and public institutions** 90,158 15%
Waste management and remediation services 67,897 11%
Real estate and rental and leasing 59,875 10%
Retail trade 48,102 8%
Health care and social assistance 31,585 5%
Transportation and warehousing 31,259 5%
Finance and insurance 27,439 5%
Professional, scientific, and technical services 19,738 3%
Manufacturing 16,985 3%
Wholesale trade 15,879 3%
Educational services 7,985 1%
Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extractions for Oil and Gas Operations 3,930 1%
Other 68,749 12%
Total $ 599,796 100%

* Of the total $599.8 million of direct lease financing, $519.6 million consisted of vehicle leases with the remaining balance consisting of equipment leases.

** Includes public universities and school districts.

The following table summarizes our direct lease financing portfolio by state as of September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

Principal balance % Total
Florida $ 96,749 16%
Utah 55,543 9%
California 52,436 9%
New Jersey 41,885 7%
Pennsylvania 39,422 7%
New York 29,622 5%
North Carolina 27,355 5%
Maryland 26,086 4%
Texas 25,650 4%
Connecticut 20,274 3%
Washington 16,221 3%
Georgia 14,869 2%
Idaho 13,610 2%
Illinois 11,419 2%
Alabama 10,485 2%
Other states and non-classified 118,170 20%
Total $ 599,796 100%

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The following table presents loan categories by maturity for the period indicated. Actual repayments historically have, and will likely in the future, differ significantly from contractual maturities because individual borrowers generally have the right to prepay loans, with or without prepayment penalties. Please see “Asset and Liability Management” which addresses interest rate risk.

September 30, 2022
Within One to five After five but
one year years within 15 years After 15 years Total
(Dollars in thousands)
SBL non-real estate $ 16,957 $ 42,080 $ 119,875 $ 1,376 $ 180,288
SBL commercial mortgage 16,428 6,373 121,692 387,144 531,637
SBL construction 1,430 — — 25,715 27,145
Leasing 86,816 487,876 25,104 — 599,796
SBLOC/IBLOC 2,369,106 — — — 2,369,106
Advisor financing — 19,561 148,998 — 168,559
Real estate bridge lending — 1,488,119 — — 1,488,119
Other loans 38,539 4,041 5,074 14,985 62,639
Loans at fair value excluding SBL 604,670 51,762 — 1,694 658,126
$ 3,133,946 $ 2,099,812 $ 420,743 $ 430,914 $ 6,085,415
Loan maturities after one year with:
Fixed rates
SBL non-real estate $ 6,627 $ — $ — $ 6,627
Leasing 487,876 25,104 — 512,980
Advisor financing 19,561 148,998 — 168,559
Other loans 1,311 2,818 14,985 19,114
Loans at fair value excluding SBL 51,762 — — 51,762
Total loans at fixed rates 567,137 176,920 14,985 759,042
Variable rates
SBL non-real estate 35,453 119,875 1,376 156,704
SBL commercial mortgage 6,373 121,692 387,144 515,209
SBL construction — — 25,715 25,715
Real estate bridge lending 1,488,119 — — 1,488,119
Other loans 2,730 2,256 — 4,986
Loans at fair value excluding SBL — — 1,694 1,694
Total at variable rates 1,532,675 243,823 415,929 2,192,427
Total $ 2,099,812 $ 420,743 $ 430,914 $ 2,951,469

Allowance for credit losses. We review the adequacy of our allowance for credit losses on at least a quarterly basis to determine a provision for credit losses to maintain our allowance at a level we believe is appropriate to recognize current expected credit losses. Our Chief Credit Officer oversees the loan review department, which measures the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses independently of loan production officers. For detailed information on the allowance for credit loss methodology, please see Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.

The Company performed a strategic evaluation of its businesses in the third quarter of 2014 and decided to discontinue its Philadelphia commercial lending operations to focus on its specialty finance lending. The Company has since disposed of the vast majority of related loans and other real estate owned. While in the process of disposition, financial results of the commercial lending operations were presented as separate from continuing operations on the consolidated statements of operations and assets of the commercial lending operations to be disposed of were presented as assets held-for-sale on the consolidated balance sheets. As disposition efforts had concluded, discontinued loans of $61.6 million were reclassified to loans held for investment in the first quarter of 2022. Accordingly, these loans will be accounted for as such, and included in related tables. On the December 31, 2021 consolidated balance sheet, these discontinued loans were reclassified as loans held for sale in continuing operations and included within “Commercial loans, at fair value”. Discontinued other real estate owned of $17.3 million which constituted the remainder of discontinued assets was reclassified to the other real estate owned caption on the balance sheet. As noted above, in the first quarter of 2022 the loans previously in discontinued operations were reclassified to held for investment. In the second quarter of 2022, as a result of the loan reclassification, related valuation reserves were reversed as a credit to “Net realized and unrealized gains on commercial loans, at fair value” in the consolidated statement of operations, while the allowances for credit losses and loan commitments in the consolidated balance sheet were increased through a provision for credit losses. The $3.5 million credit to “ Net realized and unrealized gains on commercial loans, at fair value” was offset by a provision for credit losses of $3.5 million with no net impact on income. Of the $3.5 million provision, $1.3 million increased the allowance for credit losses and $2.2 million increased the allowance for loan commitments recorded in other liabilities. These reclassification entries were made retroactive to the first quarter of 2022 and are reflected in year to date 2022 results.

At September 30, 2022, the allowance for credit losses amounted to $19.7 million which represented a $1.9 million increase compared to the $17.8 million at December 31, 2021. In addition to the increase resulting from the reclassification of discontinued loans noted above, the increase reflected the impact of loan growth on the CECL model which was offset by allowance reductions as described in

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“Provision for Credit Losses”. Troubled debt restructured loans are individually considered by comparing collateral values with principal outstanding and establishing specific reserves within the allowance. At September 30, 2022, there were 11 troubled debt restructured loans with a balance of $5.3 million which had specific reserves of $447,000. These reserves related primarily to the non-guaranteed portion of SBA loans for start-up businesses.

A description of loan review coverage targets is set forth below.

The following loan review percentages are performed over periods of eighteen to twenty-four months. At September 30, 2022, in excess of 50% of the total continuing loan portfolio was reviewed by the loan review department or, for small business loans, rated internally by that department. In addition to the review of all classified loans, the targeted coverages and scope of the reviews are risk-based and vary according to each portfolio as follows:

Securities Backed Lines of Credit (SBLOC) – The targeted review threshold for 2022 is 40%, including a sample focusing on the largest 25% of SBLOCs by commitment. A random sample of at least twenty loans will be reviewed each quarter. At September 30, 2022, approximately 48% of the SBLOC portfolio had been reviewed.

Insurance Backed Lines of Credit (IBLOC) – The targeted review threshold for 2022 is 40%, including a sample focusing on the largest 25% of IBLOCs by commitment. A random sample of at least twenty loans will be reviewed each quarter. At September 30, 2022, approximately 47% of the IBLOC portfolio had been reviewed.

Advisor Financing – The targeted review threshold for 2022 is 50%. At September 30, 2022, approximately 87% of the advisor financing portfolio had been reviewed. The loan balance review threshold is $1.0 million.

Small Business Loans – The targeted review threshold for 2022 is 60%, to be rated and/or reviewed within 90 days of funding, excluding fully guaranteed loans purchased for CRA, and fully guaranteed PPP loans. The loan balance review threshold is $1.5 million and additionally includes any classified loans. At September 30, 2022, approximately 71% of the non-government guaranteed loan portfolio had been reviewed.

Direct Lease Financing – The targeted review threshold for 2022 is 35%. At September 30, 2022, approximately 42% of the leasing portfolio had been reviewed. The loan balance review threshold is $1.5 million.

Commercial Real Estate Bridge Loans, at fair value and Commercial Real Estate Bridge Loans, at amortized cost (floating rate excluding SBA, which are included in Small Business Loans above) – The targeted review threshold for 2022 is 60%. Floating rate loans will be reviewed initially within 90 days of funding and will be monitored on an ongoing basis as to payment status. Subsequent reviews will be performed for relationships over $10.0 million. At September 30, 2022, approximately 100% of the non-SBA CRE floating rate loans outstanding for more than 90 days had been reviewed.

Commercial Real Estate Loans, at fair value (fixed rate excluding SBA which are included in Small Business Loans above) – The targeted review threshold for 2022 is 100%. At September 30, 2022, approximately 100% of the non-SBA CRE fixed rate portfolio had been reviewed.

Specialty Lending – Specialty Lending, defined as commercial loans unique in nature that do not fit into other established categories, will have a review coverage threshold of 100% for non-CRA loans. At September 30, 2022, approximately 100% of the non-CRA loans had been reviewed.

Home Equity Lines of Credit or HELOC – Due to the small number and outstanding balances of HELOCs only the largest loans will be subject to review. The remaining loans are monitored and, if necessary, adversely classified under the Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy. At September 30, 2022, approximately 71% of the HELOC portfolio had been reviewed.

Other minor loan categories are reviewed at the discretion of the loan review department.

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The following tables present delinquencies by type of loan as of the dates specified (in thousands):

September 30, 2022
30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90+ Days Total Total
past due past due still accruing Non-accrual past due Current loans
SBL non-real estate $ 1,715 $ 1,246 $ 370 $ 1,077 $ 4,408 $ 111,672 $ 116,080
SBL commercial mortgage 3,252 6 — 1,423 4,681 425,184 429,865
SBL construction — — — 710 710 26,131 26,841
Direct lease financing 1,799 1,392 49 — 3,240 596,556 599,796
SBLOC / IBLOC 3,175 227 — — 3,402 2,365,704 2,369,106
Advisor financing — — — — — 168,559 168,559
Real estate bridge loans — — — — — 1,488,119 1,488,119
Other loans 473 181 3,996 650 5,300 59,680 64,980
Unamortized loan fees and costs — — — — — 4,029 4,029
$ 10,414 $ 3,052 $ 4,415 $ 3,860 $ 21,741 $ 5,245,634 $ 5,267,375
December 31, 2021
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
30-59 Days 60-89 Days 90+ Days Total Total
past due past due still accruing Non-accrual past due Current loans
SBL non-real estate $ 1,375 $ 3,138 $ 441 $ 1,313 $ 6,267 $ 141,455 $ 147,722
SBL commercial mortgage — 220 — 812 1,032 360,139 361,171
SBL construction — — — 710 710 26,489 27,199
Direct lease financing 1,833 692 20 254 2,799 528,213 531,012
SBLOC / IBLOC 5,985 289 — — 6,274 1,923,307 1,929,581
Advisor financing — — — — — 115,770 115,770
Real estate bridge loans — — — — — 621,702 621,702
Other loans — — — 72 72 4,942 5,014
Unamortized loan fees and costs — — — — — 8,053 8,053
$ 9,193 $ 4,339 $ 461 $ 3,161 $ 17,154 $ 3,730,070 $ 3,747,224

Although we consider our allowance for credit losses to be adequate based on information currently available, future additions to the allowance may be necessary due to changes in economic conditions, our ongoing loss experience and that of our peers, changes in management’s assumptions as to future delinquencies, recoveries and losses, deterioration of specific credits and management’s intent with regard to the disposition of loans and leases.

The following table summarizes select asset quality ratios for each of the periods indicated:

For the nine months ended For the year ended
or as of September 30, or as of December 31,
2022 2021 2021
Ratio of:
Allowance for credit losses to total loans 0.37% 0.52% 0.48%
Allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans * 237.93% 210.54% 491.61%
Non-performing loans to total loans* 0.16% 0.24% 0.10%
Non-performing assets to total assets * 0.35% 0.40% 0.33%
Net charge-offs to average loans 0.02% 0.04% 0.03%
* Includes loans 90 days past due still accruing interest.

The ratio of the allowance for credit losses to total loans decreased to 0.37% as of September 30, 2022 from 0.52% at September 30, 2021. The reduction resulted from an increase in loans which was proportionately greater than the increase in the allowance. Continuing growth in SBLOC, IBLOC and REBL, which have allowance allocations lower than the overall percentage of allowance for credit losses to total loans, due to the nature of the collateral, has generally reduced that percentage. The reduction also reflected the impact of a downward qualitative factor adjustment in our CECL methodology in the second quarter of 2022. The downward adjustment resulted from a greater proportion of government guaranteed balances in applicable small business loan pools, which are segregated on the basis of similar risk characteristics (see Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements). These decreases in the allowance were partially offset by an increase of $1.3 million resulting from the reclassification of loans from discontinued operations (see Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements). The ratio of the allowance for credit losses to non-performing loans increased to 237.93% at September 30, 2022, from 210.54% at September 30, 2021, primarily as a result of the increase in the allowance which proportionately exceeded the increase in non-performing loans. The ratio of non-performing loans to total loans decreased to 0.16% from 0.24% as loan growth between those dates proportionately exceeded the increase in non-performing loans. The ratio of non-performing assets to total assets decreased to 0.35% at September 30, 2022 from 0.40% at September 30, 2021 as the increase in assets, reflecting the aforementioned loan growth between those dates, was proportionately greater than the increase in non-performing assets. Net charge-offs to average loans decreased to 0.02% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to 0.04% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, reflecting slightly lower net charge-offs and significantly increased loans.

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Net charge-offs. Net charge-offs were $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, a decrease of $107,000 from net charge-offs of $1.1 million during the comparable period of 2021. Charge-offs in both periods resulted primarily from non-real estate SBL and leasing charge-offs. SBL charge-offs result primarily from the non-government guaranteed portion of SBA loans.

The following tables reflect the relationship of average loan volume and net charge-offs by segment (dollars in thousands):

September 30, 2022
SBL non-real estate SBL commercial mortgage SBL construction Direct lease financing SBLOC / IBLOC Advisor financing Real estate bridge loans Other loans
Charge-offs $ 861 $ — $ — $ 312 $ — $ — $ — $ —
Recoveries (57) — — (108) — — — —
Net charge-offs $ 804 $ — $ — $ 204 $ — $ — $ — $ —
Average loan balance $ 124,761 $ 400,454 $ 28,129 $ 563,128 $ 2,160,044 $ 146,506 $ 1,005,043 $ 48,651
Ratio of net charge-offs during the period to average loans during the period 0.64% — — 0.04% — — — —
September 30, 2021
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
SBL non-real estate SBL commercial mortgage SBL construction Direct lease financing SBLOC / IBLOC Advisor financing Real estate bridge loans Other loans
Charge-offs $ 896 $ 23 $ — $ 248 $ 15 $ — $ — $ 10
Recoveries (18) (9) — (50) — — — —
Net charge-offs $ 878 $ 14 $ — $ 198 $ 15 $ — $ — $ 10
Average loan balance $ 213,582 $ 334,045 $ 21,695 $ 488,125 $ 1,692,305 $ 64,713 $ — $ 5,672
Ratio of net charge-offs during the period to average loans during the period 0.41% — — 0.04% — — — —

Non-accrual Loans, Loans 90 Days Delinquent and Still Accruing, Other Real Estate Owned and Troubled Debt Restructurings. Loans are considered to be non-performing if they are on a non-accrual basis or they are past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest. A loan which is past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest remains on accrual status only when it is both adequately secured as to principal and interest, and is in the process of collection. Troubled debt restructurings are loans with terms that have been renegotiated to provide a reduction or deferral of interest or principal, because of a weakening in the financial positions of the borrowers. We had $18.9 million of other real estate owned (“OREO”) at September 30, 2022 and $18.9 million of OREO at December 31, 2021. The following tables summarize our non-performing loans, OREO, and loans past due 90 days or more still accruing interest.

September 30, December 31,
2022 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans
SBL non-real estate $ 1,077 $ 1,313
SBL commercial mortgage 1,423 812
SBL construction 710 710
Direct leasing — 254
Other loans 592 —
Consumer - home equity 58 72
Total non-accrual loans 3,860 3,161
Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing 4,415 461
Total non-performing loans 8,275 3,622
Other real estate owned 18,873 18,873
Total non-performing assets $ 27,148 $ 22,495

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Loans that were modified as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 and considered troubled debt restructurings are as follows

dollars in thousands):

September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Number Pre-modification recorded investment Post-modification recorded investment Number Pre-modification recorded investment Post-modification recorded investment
SBL non-real estate 8 $ 657 $ 657 9 $ 1,231 $ 1,231
SBL commercial mortgage 1 834 834 — — —
Other loans 1 3,552 3,552 — — —
Consumer - home equity 1 241 241 1 248 248
Total(1) 11 $ 5,284 $ 5,284 10 $ 1,479 $ 1,479

^(1)^Troubled debt restructurings include non-accrual loans of $1.2 million and $656,000 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The balances below provide information as to how the loans were modified as troubled debt restructurings loans at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Adjusted interest rate Extended maturity Combined rate and maturity Adjusted interest rate Extended maturity Combined rate and maturity
SBL non-real estate $ — $ — $ 657 $ — $ — $ 1,231
SBL commercial mortgage — — 834 — — —
Other loans — — 3,552 — — —
Consumer - home equity — — 241 — — 248
Total^(1)^ $ — $ — $ 5,284 $ — $ — $ 1,479

^(1)^Troubled debt restructurings include non-accrual loans of $1.2 million and $656,000 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The tables above do not include loans which are reported at fair value. A $30.0 million credit, collateralized by a commercial retail property with multiple tenants, is included in commercial loans, at fair value. The underlying collateral consists of a multi-tenant shopping center and the loan value had been previously written down as a result of a decreased occupancy rate. By December 31, 2020 the center had been substantially all leased and previous write-downs had been reversed. On March 13, 2019, we renewed this loan for four years and reduced the interest rate to the following: LIBOR plus 2% in year one, increasing 0.5% each year until the fourth year when the rate will be LIBOR plus 3.5% which will also be the rate for a one year extension, if exercised. The loan is performing in accordance with those restructured terms.

We had no commitments to extend additional credit to loans classified as troubled debt restructurings as of September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

The following table summarizes loans that were restructured within the 12 months ended September 30, 2022 that have subsequently defaulted (in thousands):

September 30, 2022
Number Pre-modification recorded investment
SBL non-real estate 1 $ 334
Total 1 $ 334

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The following table provides information about credit deteriorated loans at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in thousands):

September 30, 2022
Recorded<br>‎investment Unpaid<br>‎principal<br>‎balance Related<br>‎allowance Average<br>‎recorded<br>‎investment Interest<br>‎income<br>‎recognized
Without an allowance recorded
SBL non-real estate $ 357 $ 3,526 $ — $ 385 $ 7
SBL commercial mortgage — — — 56 —
Direct lease financing — — — 66 —
Other loans 3,552 3,552 — 1,184 113
Consumer - home equity 298 298 — 309 7
With an allowance recorded
SBL non-real estate 990 990 (594) 1,303 6
SBL commercial mortgage 1,423 1,423 (222) 1,006 —
SBL construction 710 710 (34) 710 —
Other loans 592 592 (13) 2,974 —
Total
SBL non-real estate 1,347 4,516 (594) 1,688 13
SBL commercial mortgage 1,423 1,423 (222) 1,062 —
SBL construction 710 710 (34) 710 —
Direct lease financing — — — 66 —
Other loans 4,144 4,144 (13) 4,158 113
Consumer - home equity 298 298 — 309 7
$ 7,922 $ 11,091 $ (863) $ 7,993 $ 133
December 31, 2021
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Recorded<br>‎investment Unpaid<br>‎principal<br>‎balance Related<br>‎allowance Average<br>‎recorded<br>‎investment Interest<br>‎income<br>‎recognized
Without an allowance recorded
SBL non-real estate $ 409 $ 3,414 $ — $ 412 $ 5
SBL commercial mortgage 223 246 — 1,717 —
Direct lease financing 254 254 — 430 —
Consumer - home equity 320 320 — 458 8
With an allowance recorded
SBL non-real estate 1,478 1,478 (829) 2,267 13
SBL commercial mortgage 589 589 (115) 2,634 —
SBL construction 710 710 (34) 711 —
Direct lease financing — — — 132 —
Consumer - other — — — 5 —
Total
SBL non-real estate 1,887 4,892 (829) 2,679 18
SBL commercial mortgage 812 835 (115) 4,351 —
SBL construction 710 710 (34) 711 —
Direct lease financing 254 254 — 562 —
Consumer - other — — — 5 —
Consumer - home equity 320 320 — 458 8
$ 3,983 $ 7,011 $ (978) $ 8,766 $ 26

We had $3.9 million of non-accrual loans at September 30, 2022 compared to $3.2 million of non-accrual loans at December 31, 2021. The $699,000 increase in non-accrual loans was primarily due to $2.9 million of loans placed on non-accrual status partially offset by $860,000 of charge-offs and $1.4 million of payments. Loans past due 90 days or more still accruing interest amounted to $4.4 million at September 30, 2022 and $461,000 at December 31, 2021. The $4.0 million increase reflected $1.4 million of additions, $1.0 million of loan payments and $3.6 million of loans reclassified from discontinued operations.

We had $18.9 million of OREO at September 30, 2022 and $18.9 million of OREO at December 31, 2021 after the reclassification of $17.3 million from discontinued operations. There was no other significant activity during the quarter.

We evaluate loans under an internal loan risk rating system as a means of identifying problem loans. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 loans accordingly classified were segregated by year of origination and are shown in Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements.

Premises and equipment, net. Premises and equipment amounted to $18.4 million at September 30, 2022 compared to $16.2 million at December 31, 2021. The increase reflected equipment for a new data center.

Assets held-for-sale from discontinued operations. Assets held-for-sale from discontinued operations were reclassified to continuing operations as of March 31, 2022 and as of prior period reporting dates. Those assets had consisted primarily of commercial, commercial

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mortgage and construction loans, and OREO, which consisted primarily of a Florida mall which has been written down to $15.0 million. We expect to continue our efforts to dispose of the mall, which was appraised in December 2021 for $21.4 million.

Deposits. Our primary source of funding is deposit acquisition. We offer a variety of deposit accounts with a range of interest rates and terms, including demand, checking and money market accounts. The majority of our deposits are generated through prepaid card and other payments related deposit accounts. One strategic focus is growing these accounts through affinity groups. At September 30, 2022, we had total deposits of $6.91 billion compared to $5.98 billion at December 31, 2021, an increase of $934.4 million, or 15.6%. The change reflected a $401.3 million increase in short term time deposits. Those time deposits mature in the fourth quarter of 2022.

The following table presents the average balance and rates paid on deposits for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):

For the nine months ended For the year ended
September 30, 2022 December 31, 2021
Average Average Average Average
balance rate balance rate
Demand and interest checking* $ 5,598,028 0.44% $ 5,321,283 0.09%
Savings and money market 522,525 1.07% 427,708 0.14%
Time 29,508 2.47% — —
Total deposits $ 6,150,061 0.50% $ 5,748,991 0.10%

* Non-interest bearing demand accounts are not paid interest. The amount shown as interest reflects the fees paid to affinity groups, which are based upon a rate index, and therefore classified as interest expense.

Short-term borrowings. Short-term borrowings consist of amounts borrowed on our line of credit with the FRB or FHLB. There were no borrowings on either line at September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021. We generally utilize overnight borrowings to manage our daily reserve requirements at the Federal Reserve. Period-end and year-to-date information for the dates shown is as follows.

September 30, December 31,
2022 2021
(Dollars in thousands)
Short-term borrowings
Balance at period end $ — $ —
Average for the three months ended September 30, 2022 200,423 na
Average during the year 71,589 19,958
Maximum month-end balance — 300,000
Weighted average rate during the period 2.36% 0.25%
Rate at period end — 0.25%

Senior debt. On August 13, 2020, we issued $100.0 million of senior debt with a maturity date of August 15, 2025, and a 4.75% interest rate, with interest paid semi-annually on March 15 and September 15. The Senior Notes are the Company’s direct, unsecured and unsubordinated obligations and rank equal in priority with all our existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness and senior in right of payment to all our existing and future subordinated indebtedness. In lieu of repayment of debt from Bank dividends, industry practice includes the issuance of new debt to repay maturing debt.

Borrowings. At September 30, 2022, we had other long-term borrowings of $38.9 million compared to $39.5 million at December 31, 2021. The borrowings consisted of sold loans which were accounted for as a secured borrowing because they did not qualify for true sale accounting. We do not have any policy prohibiting us from incurring debt. Subordinated debentures of $13.4 million are grandfathered to qualify as tier 1 capital at the Bank, mature in March 2038 and carry a floating rate of 3-Month LIBOR plus 3.25%.

Other liabilities. Other liabilities amounted to $50.7 million at September 30, 2022 compared to $62.2 million at December 31, 2021.

The difference reflected changes in taxes payable and the repayment of a $12.5 million deposit related to the Cascade matter described in our Quarterly Report on Form 10Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements.

Off-balance sheet arrangements. There were no off-balance sheet arrangements during the three months ended September 30, 2022 that have or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to our interests.

‎

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Except as discussed in Item 2, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” there has been no material change in our assessment of our sensitivity to market risk since our presentation in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Information with respect to quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk is included under the section entitled “Asset and Liability Management” in Part 1 Item 2 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Members of our operational management and internal audit meet regularly to provide an established structure to report any weaknesses or other issues with controls, or any matter that has not been reported previously, to our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, and, in turn to the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and our management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level.

There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2022 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

For a discussion of Legal Proceedings, see Part I, Financial Information, “Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 14--Legal.” which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows could be impacted by the factors in Item 1A. Risk Factors in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. There have been no material changes from the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Information on Stock Repurchases

In October 2021, the Board approved a revised common stock repurchase program for the 2022 fiscal year (the “2022 Common Stock Repurchase Plan”). Under the 2022 Common Stock Repurchase Plan, the Company is authorized to repurchase up to $15.0 million in each quarter of 2022, for a maximum amount of $60.0 million, depending on the share price, securities laws and stock exchange rules which regulate such repurchases. Under the 2022 Common Stock Repurchase Plan, the Company intends to repurchase shares through open market purchases, privately-negotiated transactions, block purchases or otherwise in accordance with applicable federal securities laws, including Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”). The Board also authorized the Company to enter into written trading plans under Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act. With respect to further repurchases in subsequent quarters under this program, the Company cannot predict if, or when, it will repurchase any shares of common stock and the timing and amount of any shares repurchased will be determined by management based on its evaluation of market conditions and other factors.

The following table sets forth information regarding the Company’s purchases of its common stock during the quarter ended September 30, 2022:

Period Total number of shares purchased^(1)^ Average price paid per share Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs^(1)^
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
July 1, 2022 - July 31, 2022 330,433 $ 20.89 330,433 $ 23,098
August 1, 2022 - August 31, 2022 270,681 24.45 270,681 16,479
September 1, 2022 - September 30, 2022 62,820 23.54 62,820 15,000
Total 663,934 22.59 663,934 15,000

^(1)^On October 20, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase plan, under which the Company was authorized to purchase shares for up to $15.0 million in each quarter through December 31, 2022, at which date the current plan terminates.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

‎

70

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No. Description
3.1.1 Certificate of Incorporation filed July 20, 1999, amended July 27, 1999, amended June 7, 2001, and amended October 8, 2002^(1)^
3.1.2 Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation filed July 30, 2009^(2)^
3.1.3 Amendment to Certificate of Incorporation filed May 18, 2016^(2)^
3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws^(3)^
31.1 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications *
31.2 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications *
32.1 Section 1350 Certifications *
32.2 Section 1350 Certifications *
101.INS Inline XBRL Instance Document **
101.SCH Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document *
101.CAL Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document *
101.DEF Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document *
101.LAB Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document *
101.PRE Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document *
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) *
* Filed herewith
** The Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

^(1)^Filed previously as an exhibit to our Registration Statement on Form S-4, registration number 333-117385, and by this reference incorporated herein.

^(2)^Filed previously as an exhibit to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed November 9, 2016, and by this reference incorporated herein (File No. 000-51018).

^(3)^Filed previously as an exhibit to our annual report on Form 10-K filed March 16, 2017, and by this reference incorporated herein (File No. 000-51018).

‎

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

THE BANCORP, INC.
(Registrant)
November 9, 2022 /S/ DAMIAN KOZLOWSKI
Date Damian Kozlowski
Chief Executive Officer
November 9, 2022 /S/ PAUL FRENKIEL
Date Paul Frenkiel<br><br>Chief Financial Officer and Secretary

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		20220930 Exhibit 311

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, Damian Kozlowski, certify that:

  1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30,  2022 of The Bancorp, Inc. (the “Registrant”);

  2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

  3. Based on my knowledge, the consolidated financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

  4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

  1. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 |  | | | --- | --- | | Date:  November 9, 2022 | /S/    DAMIAN KOZLOWSKI | |  | Damian Kozlowski | |  | Chief Executive Officer | 

		20220930 Exhibit 312

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Paul Frenkiel, certify that:

  1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022 of The Bancorp, Inc. (the “Registrant”);

  2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

  3. Based on my knowledge, the consolidated financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

  4. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the Registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the Registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the Registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

  1. The Registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the Registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the Registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent function):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |  | | | --- | --- | |  | | |  | | | Date:  November 9, 2022 | /S/    PAUL FRENKIEL | |  | Paul Frenkiel | |  | Chief Financial Officer and Secretary | 



		20220930 Exhibit 321

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of The Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Damian Kozlowski, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

|  |  |

| --- | --- | |  | | |  | | | Dated: November 9, 2022 | /S/    DAMIAN KOZLOWSKI | |  | Damian Kozlowski | |  | Chief Executive Officer | 



		20220930 Exhibit 322

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of The Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Paul Frenkiel, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

|  |  |

| --- | --- | |  | | |  | | | Dated:  November 9, 2022 | /S/    PAUL FRENKIEL | |  | Paul Frenkiel | |  | Chief Financial Officer and Secretary | 



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