8-K
Good Times Restaurants Inc. (GTIM)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported)
August 1, 2024
**** 
Good Times Restaurants Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Nevada | 000-18590 | 84-1133368 |
|---|---|---|
| (State or other jurisdiction<br><br> <br>of incorporation) | (Commission<br><br> <br>File Number) | (IRS Employer<br><br> <br>Identification No.) |
651 Corporate Circle, Suite 200, Golden, CO 80401
(Address of principal executive offices including zip code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (303) 384-1400
Not applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report.)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of
the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2.):
| ¨ | Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
|---|---|
| ¨ | Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
| --- | --- |
| ¨ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
| --- | --- |
| ¨ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
| --- | --- |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchangeon which registered |
|---|---|---|
| Common Stock, $0.001 par value | GTIM | Nasdaq Capital Market |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (17 CFR §230.405) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (17 CFR §240.12b-2).
Emerging growth company ¨
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
| Item 2.02 | Results of Operations and Financial Condition. |
|---|
On August 1, 2024, Good Times Restaurants Inc. issued a press release announcing earnings and other financial results for the third fiscal quarter ended June 25, 2024, and that management would review these results in a conference call on August 1, 2024, at 5:00 p.m. ET.
| Item 9.01 | Financial Statements and Exhibits. |
|---|
(d) Exhibits. The following exhibits are filed as part of this report.
| Exhibit Number | Description |
|---|---|
| 99.1 | Press Release dated August 1, 2024 |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document) |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
| GOOD TIMES RESTAURANTS INC. | ||
|---|---|---|
| Date: August 1, 2024 | By: |  |
| Ryan M. Zink | ||
| Chief Executive Officer |
2
Exhibit 99.1
| FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE | |
|---|---|
| August 1, 2024 | Nasdaq Capital Markets - GTIM |
GOOD TIMES RESTAURANTS REPORTS RESULTS FORTHE 2024 THIRD FISCAL QUARTER ENDED JUNE 25, 2024
(DENVER, CO) Good Times Restaurants Inc. (Nasdaq: GTIM), operator of the Bad Daddy’s Burger Bar and Good Times Burgers & Frozen Custard restaurant brands, today reported financial results for the 2024 third fiscal quarter.
Key highlights of the Company’s financial results include:
| · | Total Revenues for the quarter increased 6.5%<br>to $37.9 million compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023 |
|---|---|
| · | Same Store Sales^1^ for company-owned<br>Bad Daddy’s restaurants increased 1.2% for the quarter compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023 |
| --- | --- |
| · | Same Store Sales for company-owned Good Times<br>restaurants increased 5.8% for the quarter compared to the third quarter of fiscal 2023 |
| --- | --- |
| · | Net Income Attributable to Common Shareholders<br>was $1.3 million for the quarter |
| --- | --- |
| · | The Company ended the quarter with $4.8 million<br>in cash and $0.8 million of borrowings under its credit facility with Cadence Bank |
| --- | --- |
| · | The Company repurchased 263,516 shares of its<br>common stock during the quarter, including approximately 171,000 shares in a privately negotiated purchase |
| --- | --- |
Ryan M. Zink, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, said, “The Good Times brand produced strong same store sales again this quarter, and we are extremely pleased with the bottom line results the concept continues to generate. During the quarter, we accomplished several significant reinvestment milestones including completion of our fourth remodel, this one much more extensive, including structural repairs. The restaurant was closed for nearly six weeks during construction. Additionally, as previously reported, in April we began the pilot phase of our next-generation point-of-sale system. We quickly realized the benefits of this new system, assessed the test results, addressed minor issues, and moved to the rollout phase of the project and as of the end of July, the system has been installed in nineteen locations, with seven Company-owned locations yet to be installed. Those restaurants will be completed within the next four weeks, with our Denver-area franchise restaurants expected to be converted shortly thereafter. We also acquired a franchisee-owned restaurant in Parker, Colorado during the quarter, and made quick improvements to the facility, including new awnings, overhauled the parking lot and landscaping, and have both digital menu boards and new signage scheduled for installation.”
Mr. Zink continued, “I am also thrilled with the improvement in same store sales at Bad Daddy’s, with positive same store sales for the quarter. We have continued the trend of improved performance compared to the Black Box casual dining benchmark. Competition in the casual dining, burger-focused segment continues to be intense as our guests look for value through reasonable prices without compromises on service, quality, or portions. While we continue to look to creating value through drink specials and targeted discounting, late in the quarter we introduced new limited time burgers featuring quarter-pound, smashed patties. These burgers were an immediate success, and we had to dip into reserve stock and quickly recover as purchase velocity was more than double our expectation. Though this product offering is currently slated to end post-Labor Day, we expect these burgers to return and likely will have a permanent place on Bad Daddy’s menu. As foodies at heart, our operators are focused on cooking up unique, indulgent burger builds, coupled with an inviting and engaging experience that differentiates Bad Daddy’s from others in casual dining and delivers on the value expectations of our guests.”
^1^ Same store sales are a metric used in evaluating the performance of established restaurants and is a commonly used metric in the restaurant industry. Same store sales for our brands are calculated using all units open for at least 18 full fiscal months and use the comparable operating weeks from the prior year to the current year quarter’s operating weeks.
| 1 |
| --- |
“In addition to our concept-level initiatives, we have continued to focus on a multi-faceted approach to creating value, including share repurchases. In addition to our share repurchase program, during the quarter we completed a privately negotiated share repurchase bringing the total shares repurchased during the quarter to approximately 264,000 shares. At the same time, the cash generated by the business enabled us to complete that purchase, continue reinvesting in our restaurants, reduce our already limited borrowings on our credit facility, with sequential quarterly growth in ending cash reserves. I believe our operations and capabilities leaders are focused on creating enjoyable and memorable experiences for our guests through excellent restaurant operations and authentic, genuine hospitality, and that in doing so, we grow the value of our brands and operations for our shareholders.” Zink concluded.
Conference Call: Management will host a conference call to discuss its third quarter 2024 financial results on Thursday, August 1, 2024 at 3:00 p.m. MT/5:00 p.m. ET. Hosting the call will be Ryan M. Zink, its Chief Executive Officer and Keri A. August, its Senior Vice President of Finance and Accounting.
The conference call can be accessed live over the phone by dialing (888) 210-2831, conference ID: 3024033. The conference call will also be webcast live from the Company's corporate website www.goodtimesburgers.com. An archive of the webcast will be available at the same location on the corporate website shortly after the call has concluded.
Good Times Restaurants Inc. (Nasdaq: GTIM)
Good Times Restaurants Inc. owns, operates, and licenses 41 Bad Daddy’s Burger Bar restaurants through its wholly owned subsidiaries. Bad Daddy’s Burger Bar is a full-service “small box” restaurant concept featuring a chef-driven menu of gourmet signature burgers, chopped salads, appetizers and sandwiches with a full bar and a focus on a selection of craft beers in a high-energy atmosphere that appeals to a broad consumer base. Additionally, through its wholly owned subsidiaries, Good Times Restaurants Inc. owns, operates and franchises 31 Good Times Burgers & Frozen Custard restaurants primarily in Colorado. Good Times is a regional quick-service concept featuring 100% all-natural burgers and chicken sandwiches, signature wild fries, green chili breakfast burritos and fresh frozen custard desserts.
Forward Looking Statements
This press release contains forward looking statements within the meaning of federal securities laws. The words “intend,” “may,” “believe,” “will,” “should,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “seek”, “plan” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, which may cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, among other things, the market price of the Company's stock prevailing from time to time, the nature of other investment opportunities presented to the Company, the disruption to our business from pandemics and other public health emergencies, the impact and duration of staffing constraints at our restaurants, the impact of supply chain constraints and the current inflationary environment, the uncertain nature of current restaurant development plans and the ability to implement those plans and integrate new restaurants, delays in developing and opening new restaurants because of weather, local permitting or other reasons, increased competition, cost increases or shortages in raw food products, other general economic and operating conditions, risks associated with the acquisition of additional restaurants, the adequacy of cash flows and the cost and availability of capital or credit facility borrowings to provide liquidity, changes in federal, state, or local laws and regulations affecting the operation of our restaurants, including minimum wage and tip credit regulations, and other matters discussed under the Risk Factors section of Good Times’ Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 26, 2023 filed with the SEC, and other filings with the SEC.
GoodTimes Restaurants Inc. CONTACTS:
Ryan M. Zink, Chief Executive Officer (303) 384-1432
Christi Pennington (303) 384-1440
Category: Financial
| 2 |
| --- |
Good Times Restaurants Inc.
Unaudited Supplemental Information
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
| Quarter Ended (13 weeks) | Year-to-Date (39 weeks) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 25, 2024 | June 27, 2023 | June 25, 2024 | June 27, 2023 | |||||||||
| NET REVENUES: | ||||||||||||
| Restaurant sales | $ | 37,742 | $ | 35,376 | $ | 105,953 | $ | 103,123 | ||||
| Franchise revenues | 200 | 256 | 568 | 706 | ||||||||
| Total net revenues | 37,942 | 35,632 | 106,521 | 103,829 | ||||||||
| RESTAURANT OPERATING COSTS: | ||||||||||||
| Food and packaging costs | 11,698 | 10,923 | 32,624 | 32,185 | ||||||||
| Payroll and other employee benefit costs | 12,635 | 11,940 | 36,525 | 35,477 | ||||||||
| Restaurant occupancy costs | 2,580 | 2,432 | 7,698 | 7,318 | ||||||||
| Other restaurant operating costs | 5,195 | 4,811 | 15,028 | 14,129 | ||||||||
| Pre-opening costs | - | 80 | - | 110 | ||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 960 | 919 | 2,813 | 2,740 | ||||||||
| Total restaurant operating costs | 33,068 | 31,105 | 94,688 | 91,959 | ||||||||
| General and administrative costs | 2,680 | 2,377 | 7,791 | 7,070 | ||||||||
| Advertising costs | 749 | 751 | 2,665 | 2,423 | ||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | 199 | 965 | 199 | 1,041 | ||||||||
| Loss (gain) on restaurant and equipment asset sale | 18 | (10 | ) | 12 | (32 | ) | ||||||
| Litigation contingencies | - | - | (332 | ) | - | |||||||
| INCOME FROM OPERATIONS: | 1,228 | 444 | 1,498 | 1,368 | ||||||||
| Interest and other expense, net | (27 | ) | (18 | ) | (101 | ) | (56 | ) | ||||
| NET INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES: | 1,201 | 426 | 1,397 | 1,312 | ||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 197 | 551 | 198 | 10,503 | ||||||||
| NET INCOME: | 1,398 | 977 | 1,595 | 11,815 | ||||||||
| Income attributable to non-controlling interests | (77 | ) | (135 | ) | (212 | ) | (479 | ) | ||||
| NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS | $ | 1,321 | $ | 842 | $ | 1,383 | $ | 11,336 | ||||
| NET INCOME PER SHARE, ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS: | ||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.12 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.12 | $ | 0.96 | ||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.12 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.12 | $ | 0.95 | ||||
| WEIGHTED AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING: | ||||||||||||
| Basic | 10,933,758 | 11,700,044 | 11,149,181 | 11,853,441 | ||||||||
| Diluted | 11,034,487 | 11,769,286 | 11,246,353 | 11,910,491 |
| 3 |
| --- |
Good Times Restaurants Inc.
Unaudited Supplemental Information
(In thousands)
| Balance Sheet Data | June 25, 2024 | September 26, 2023 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 4,819 | $ | 4,182 |
| Current assets | $ | 7,709 | $ | 6,521 |
| Total assets | $ | 90,077 | $ | 91,088 |
| Current liabilities | $ | 16,543 | $ | 14,890 |
| Shareholders’ equity | $ | 33,018 | $ | 32,994 |
Supplemental Information for Company-Owned Restaurants(dollars in thousands):
| Bad Daddy’s Burger Bar | Good Times Burgers & Frozen Custard | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Third Quarter (13 weeks) | Year-to-Date (39 weeks) | Third Quarter (13 weeks) | Year-to-Date (39 weeks) | |||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||
| Restaurant sales | $ | 27,327 | $ | 26,085 | $ | 77,896 | $ | 77,592 | $ | 10,415 | $ | 9,291 | $ | 28,057 | $ | 25,531 |
| Restaurants open at beginning of period | 40 | 39 | 40 | 40 | 25 | 23 | 25 | 23 | ||||||||
| Restaurants opened or acquired during period | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | ||||||||
| Restaurants closed during period | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
| Restaurants open at period end | 40 | 39 | 40 | 39 | 26 | 23 | 26 | 23 | ||||||||
| Restaurant operating weeks | 520.0 | 504.0 | 1560.0 | 1530.5 | 324.5 | 299.0 | 974.5 | 897.0 | ||||||||
| Average weekly sales per restaurant | $ | 52.6 | $ | 51.8 | $ | 49.9 | $ | 50.7 | $ | 32.1 | $ | 31.1 | $ | 28.8 | $ | 28.5 |
| 4 |
| --- |
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measurements to U.S. GAAP Results
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Restaurant-Level Operating Profit to Income from Operations
(In thousands, except percentage data)
| Bad Daddy’s Burger Bar | Good Times Burgers & Frozen Custard | Good Times<br> Restaurants Inc. | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quarter Ended (13 Weeks) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| June 25, 2024 | June 27, 2023 | June 25, 2024 | June 27, 2023 | June 25, <br> 2024 | June 27, <br> 2023 | ||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant sales | $ | 27,327 | 100.0 | % | $ | 26,085 | 100.0 | % | $ | 10,415 | 100.0 | % | $ | 9,291 | 100.0 | % | $ | 37,742 | $ | 35,376 | |
| Restaurant operating costs (exclusive of depreciation and amortization and preopening, shown separately below): | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Food and packaging costs | 8,517 | 31.2 | % | 8,106 | 31.1 | % | 3,181 | 30.5 | % | 2,817 | 30.3 | % | 11,698 | 10,923 | |||||||
| Payroll and benefits costs | 9,227 | 33.8 | % | 9,054 | 34.7 | % | 3,408 | 32.7 | % | 2,886 | 31.1 | % | 12,635 | 11,940 | |||||||
| Restaurant occupancy costs | 1,727 | 6.3 | % | 1,700 | 6.5 | % | 853 | 8.2 | % | 732 | 7.9 | % | 2,580 | 2,432 | |||||||
| Other restaurant operating costs | 3,945 | 14.4 | % | 3,750 | 14.4 | % | 1,250 | 12.0 | % | 1,061 | 11.4 | % | 5,195 | 4,811 | |||||||
| Restaurant-level operating profit | $ | 3,911 | 14.3 | % | $ | 3,475 | 13.3 | % | $ | 1,723 | 16.5 | % | $ | 1,795 | 19.3 | % | $ | 5,634 | $ | 5,270 | |
| Franchise revenues | 200 | 256 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Deduct - Other operating: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 960 | 919 | |||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 2,680 | 2,377 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising costs | 749 | 751 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | 199 | 965 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loss (gain) on restaurant and equipment asset sales | 18 | (10 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-opening costs | - | 80 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total other operating | 4,606 | 5,082 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 1,228 | $ | 444 |
Certain percentage amounts in the table abovemay not total due to rounding as well as the fact that restaurant operating costs are expressed as a percentage of restaurant revenues(as opposed to total revenues).
| 5 |
| --- |
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Measurements to U.S. GAAP Results
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Restaurant-Level Operating Profit to Income (Loss) from Operations
(In thousands, except percentage data)
| Bad Daddy’s Burger Bar | Good Times Burgers & Frozen Custard | Good Times<br> Restaurants Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year-to-Date Period Ended (39 weeks) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 25, 2024 | June 27, 2023 | June 25, 2024 | June 27, 2023 | June 25, <br> 2024 | June 27, <br> 2023 | |||||||||||||||||
| Restaurant sales | $ | 77,896 | 100.0 | % | $ | 77,592 | 100.0 | % | $ | 28,057 | 100.0 | % | $ | 25,531 | 100.0 | % | $ | 105,953 | $ | 103,123 | ||
| Restaurant operating costs (exclusive of depreciation and amortization, and preopening, shown separately below: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Food and packaging costs | 24,156 | 31.0 | % | 24,131 | 31.1 | % | 8,468 | 30.2 | % | 8,054 | 31.5 | % | 32,624 | 32,185 | ||||||||
| Payroll and benefits costs | 27,040 | 34.7 | % | 26,951 | 34.7 | % | 9,485 | 33.8 | % | 8,526 | 33.4 | % | 36,525 | 35,477 | ||||||||
| Restaurant occupancy costs | 5,188 | 6.7 | % | 5,124 | 6.6 | % | 2,510 | 8.9 | % | 2,194 | 8.6 | % | 7,698 | 7,318 | ||||||||
| Other restaurant operating costs | 11,421 | 14.7 | % | 11,084 | 14.3 | % | 3,607 | 12.9 | % | 3,045 | 11.9 | % | 15,028 | 14,129 | ||||||||
| Restaurant-level operating profit | $ | 10,091 | 13.0 | % | $ | 10,302 | 13.3 | % | $ | 3,987 | 14.2 | % | $ | 3,712 | 14.5 | % | $ | 14,078 | $ | 14,014 | ||
| Franchise revenues | 568 | 706 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Deduct - Other operating: | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 2,813 | 2,740 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | 7,791 | 7,070 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Advertising costs | 2,665 | 2,423 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Litigation contingencies | (332 | ) | - | |||||||||||||||||||
| Impairment of long-lived assets | 199 | 1,041 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss (gain) on restaurant and equipment asset sales | 12 | (32 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Pre-opening costs | - | 110 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total other operating | 13,148 | 13,352 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Income from operations | $ | 1,498 | $ | 1,368 |
Certain percentage amounts in the table abovemay not total due to rounding as well as the fact that restaurant operating costs are expressed as a percentage of restaurant revenues(as opposed to total revenues).
| 6 |
| --- |
The Company believes that restaurant-level operating profit is an important measure for management and investors because it is widely regarded in the restaurant industry as a useful metric by which to evaluate restaurant-level operating efficiency and performance. The Company defines restaurant-level operating profit to be restaurant revenues minus restaurant-level operating costs, excluding restaurant closures and impairment costs. The measure includes restaurant-level occupancy costs, which include fixed rents, percentage rents, common area maintenance charges, real estate and personal property taxes, general liability insurance and other property costs, but excludes depreciation. The measure excludes depreciation and amortization expense, substantially all of which is related to restaurant level assets, because such expenses represent historical sunk costs which do not reflect current cash outlay for the restaurants. The measure also excludes selling, general and administrative costs, and therefore excludes occupancy costs associated with selling, general and administrative functions, and pre-opening costs. The Company excludes restaurant closure costs as they do not represent a component of the efficiency of continuing operations. Restaurant impairment costs are excluded, because, like depreciation and amortization, they represent a non-cash charge for the Company’s investment in its restaurants and not a component of the efficiency of restaurant operations. Restaurant-level operating profit is not a measurement determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative, to income from operations or net income as indicators of financial performance. Restaurant-level operating profit as presented may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. The tables above set forth certain unaudited information for the current and prior year fiscal quarters and year-to-date periods for fiscal 2024 and fiscal 2023, expressed as a percentage of total revenues, except for the components of restaurant operating costs, which are expressed as a percentage of restaurant revenues.
Reconciliation of Net Loss to Non-GAAP AdjustedEBITDA (Thousands of US Dollars)
| Quarter Ended (13 weeks) | Year-to-Date (39 weeks) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 25, 2024 | June 27, 2023 | June 25, 2024 | June 27, 2023 | |||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA^2^: | ||||||||||||
| Net Income, as reported | $ | 1,321 | $ | 842 | $ | 1,383 | 11,336 | |||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 959 | 924 | 2,817 | 2,691 | ||||||||
| Interest expense, net | 27 | 18 | 101 | 56 | ||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | (197 | ) | (551 | ) | (198 | ) | (10,503 | ) | ||||
| EBITDA | 2,110 | 1,233 | 4,103 | 3,580 | ||||||||
| Preopening expense | - | 80 | - | 110 | ||||||||
| Non-cash stock-based compensation | 28 | 15 | 106 | 104 | ||||||||
| Asset Impairment | 199 | 965 | 199 | 1,041 | ||||||||
| GAAP rent-cash rent difference | (211 | ) | (135 | ) | (537 | ) | (450 | ) | ||||
| Loss (gain) on restaurant and equipment asset sales | 18 | (10 | ) | 12 | (32 | ) | ||||||
| Litigation contingencies | - | - | (332 | ) | - | |||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 2,144 | $ | 2,148 | $ | 3,551 | $ | 4,353 |
Adjusted EBITDA is a supplemental measure of operating performance that does not represent and should not be considered as an alternative to net income or cash flow from operations, as determined by GAAP, and our calculation thereof may not be comparable to that reported by other companies. This measure is presented because we believe that investors' understanding of our performance is enhanced by including this non-GAAP financial measure as a reasonable basis for evaluating our ongoing results of operations.
Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as net income before interest expense, provision for income taxes and depreciation and amortization and further adjustments to reflect the additions and eliminations presented in the table above.
^2^ Depreciation and amortization, the difference between GAAP rent and cash rent and the loss (gain) on restaurant and equipment asset sales have been reduced by any amounts attributable to non-controlling interests.
| 7 |
| --- |
Adjusted EBITDA is presented because: (i) we believe it is a useful measure for investors to assess the operating performance of our business without the effect of non-cash charges such as depreciation and amortization expenses and asset disposals, closure costs and restaurant impairments, and (ii) we use Adjusted EBITDA internally as a benchmark for certain of our cash incentive plans and to evaluate our operating performance or compare our performance to that of our competitors. The use of Adjusted EBITDA as a performance measure permits a comparative assessment of our operating performance relative to our performance based on our GAAP results, while isolating the effects of some items that vary from period to period without any correlation to core operating performance or that vary widely among similar companies. Companies within our industry exhibit significant variations with respect to capital structures and cost of capital (which affect interest expense and income tax rates) and differences in book depreciation of property, plant and equipment (which affect relative depreciation expense), including significant differences in the depreciable lives of similar assets among various companies. Our management believes that Adjusted EBITDA facilitates company-to-company comparisons within our industry by eliminating some of these foregoing variations. Adjusted EBITDA, as presented, may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies, and our presentation of Adjusted EBITDA should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by excluded or unusual items.
8