Conference Transcript - AA 2026-02-24

Katja, Analyst — Other

Hi, everyone. Next up, we have Alcoa, which is one of the leading aluminum and aluminum producers globally.

Roy Harvey, CEO

One of us?

Katja, Analyst — Other

The leading. With us today is CEO Bill Alpinger. We will do this as a fireside chat, but before we start, I'll turn it over to you, Bill.

Roy Harvey, CEO

Sure. Thanks, Katja. So hopefully you know Alcoa. If you don't know Alcoa, we're, I believe, the leading aluminum company in the world, vertically integrated global company. We mine around 40 million metric tons of bauxite on three separate continents. We refine 10 million metric tons of alumina, and we smelt two and a half million metric tons of metal. So we're all over the world. And really, as we go into 2026, there's a couple of things that I'd like to convey to you in today's presentation. We have a strong balance sheet going into 2026. A balance sheet over the last number of years has been significantly improved. Pensions are under control. Net debt is at the target, at our top end of our target range. Operations ran well in 2025, so we're entering 2026 with strong operations. we're driving dropping metal price to the bottom line and so aluminum prices are strong currently and you're seeing that in our financials in alumina we have a large alumina business alumina prices are are very low currently so we're current we're working on driving costs lower and focused on overall cost picture for alumina secondly in 2026 we're planning on executing on our key strategic initiatives we're in the midst of ramping up our Spain operations that's at around 80 percent we have a target of delivering 500 million to a billion dollars of proceeds from select asset sales especially in our curtailed assets and we will have that first sale we believe in the first half of 2026 that will be a curtailed site that we will repurpose for a data center installation and we anticipate that to be in the in the first half and thirdly we continue to make progress on our permits in Australia, and so we anticipate that we will have our Part 4 approvals in 2026, so we continue to make progress there. That's critically important that that gets completed in 2026. So exciting times, exciting times for Alcoa, and it looks like 2026 will be a strong year.

Katja, Analyst — Other

So just a reminder, if anyone has questions, please send them in through the app, but maybe starting with the Western Australia permitting. Last week you announced that you agreed with the Australian government to further modernize the approval framework. Can you talk about why that is important? So it's critically

Roy Harvey, CEO

important. You have probably heard often around the permitting process that we're going through for our two new mine locations, North Mayara and Holyoke. that we've had the discussion publicly around the really the state permitting process in western australia that's called a part four permitting process that's what we anticipate should be resolved in 2026 what we announced last week is around the federal permitting process so there's three components to the announcement last week the first is what's called a strategic assessment That strategic assessment will be an assessment of the impacts of our mining operations on the mining locations that we anticipate entering through 2045. And that strategic assessment will be run with the federal EPA, and that will be done over the course of 18 months. The second component is what's called a national interest exemption. That national interest exemption allows us to continue to mine at Huntley and Willowdale for the next 18 months. And the third is what's called an enforceable undertaking. Enforceable undertaking is an agreement between us and the federal government that reconciles our view with their view around past EPBC potential breaches. We assert that we've not breached the federal legislation, and as part of that, we have agreed to a $55 million Aussie payment in part to three NGOs, another part to buy land offsets. So that's the key of the three parts of the announcement from last week.

Katja, Analyst — Other

Perfect. And you mentioned the process continues on the new areas. Are there any – does this agreement change that in any way?

Roy Harvey, CEO

No, this agreement doesn't have any impact on the Part 4 approvals that we continue to seek. And many of you know we went through a public comment period, and as I said, we still anticipate having those approvals by the end of 2026.

Katja, Analyst — Other

And I think the EPA is supposed to put their side out by June, if I'm not mistaken.

Roy Harvey, CEO

I'll let the EPA speak for themselves. Our anticipation is that we'll support them with all the information we possibly can as quickly as we can in order to achieve a 2026 approval.

Katja, Analyst — Other

And then kind of moving back to the bigger picture, the markets, you mentioned aluminum is healthy, the price, aluminum not so much. How are you thinking when you look the rest of the year? Do you think are there any moving pieces on the aluminum side that could impact the pricing and any potential catalyst on the aluminum side that could help the pricing there?

Roy Harvey, CEO

So let me just really quickly run down supply-demand globally, both on aluminum and aluminum. And I'll start with aluminum. If you take a geographic perspective, and then I'll drill down into sub-markets, If you look at it from a geographic perspective, North America continues to remain strong. Europe continues to remain steady, which isn't bad. And then on top of that, and that's really on the demand side, on the supply side, we continue to see that the Chinese are sticking to the 45 million metric ton cap. I know it's a question that many investors have of us. We see them sticking to that cap, and they've stuck to it over the last four or five years, which is which is really important for the aluminum industry then if we continue down the path of supply we are seeing Indonesia ramp up so we're seeing an additional we believe 450,000 tons of Indonesian capacity come online on an annual basis and in 2026 however a big piece of that will be offset on a year over year basis by the potential for Moselle to be curtailed, and you'll have to ask South 32 whether they still think that'll be curtailed, but we have that baked into our numbers and the impact in Iceland from the century curtailment. So a lot of that new capacity coming online is going to be absorbed through those two curtailments. We see demand being strong, and if I then drill down into the sub markets on demand and I kind of sound like a broken record over the last couple of years North America we see strength in packaging very good packaging market electrical conductor is very strong from a rod and bar perspective construction is maintaining right so potentially if we see lower interest rates toward the end of 2026 we could see an uptick in construction. And then on the automotive side, it's the only place that we're seeing weakness in North America is in automotive, specifically in the foundry markets. And then Europe, to some extent, is a mirror of that. We continue to see good, strong packaging demand. Building construction is steady. It's not falling. And automotive is weak. It's probably a little bit weaker in Europe than it is in North America. So when you step back on the aluminum side, it shapes up to be in balance, if not in a slight deficit for 2026 again, and global inventories are pretty low. Now let's transition to Illumina. It's a little bit different story on the Illumina side. We have seen Indonesian capacity ramp up on refining. The Indonesian smelters have not ramped up nearly as quickly, and therefore we have an excess of Illumina. We have a surplus of Illumina in the world. Illumina is very price sensitive to inventory levels because it's hard to store a large quantity of Illumina. So when you have a surplus, Illumina prices fall. However, globally, we think that around 50% of the global refineries are cash negative today. Now, it's a very flat cost curve, but at some point when 50% of an industry is cash negative, you will see curtailments. I can't say when you'll see curtailments. They won't be coming from Alcoa because we have fairly low-cost assets, but we would envision that there are parts of the world that will curtail, I think, roughly half of the refining capacity in China is cash negative at this point, and we'll see whether they do something about that coming out of Chinese New Year.

Katja, Analyst — Other

And you mentioned the North American market, which is very healthy right now. Are you not seeing, given how high the price of the aluminum in the U.S. market specifically is, are you hearing any pushback from customers or that there could be demand destruction because of it?

Roy Harvey, CEO

We are not seeing it, and we haven't seen it. And so as I ran through the submarkets, we see strength, and at this point we're not seeing demand destruction.

Katja, Analyst — Other

And then specifically to the Midwest premium, it more than covers the cost of tariffs right now. Can you talk a bit about what's driving that, and is there a risk that this is going to attract more imports into the U.S. market?

Roy Harvey, CEO

I think the answer is yes. Yes, it will attract more imports. We, along with other companies, are always looking at the profit impact of either importing into the United States or importing into Europe. Today, the Midwest premium is high. It covers the tariffs. It's higher than just covering the tariffs, and we think that's representative of the strength of the demand that we're seeing in North America. That strength pulls the Midwest premium up, and as you arbitrage between where you're going to ship, that strength also pulls up the Rotterdam premium. Now, the Rotterdam premium, we also believe, is being positively impacted by CBAM. It's hard to say how much of the Rotterdam premium increased has been driven by CBAM, but we estimated that we thought CBAM would drive around a $40 per ton increase in the Rotterdam premium, and we've seen Rotterdam premiums increase since the beginning of the year.

Katja, Analyst — Other

And then maybe shifting gears to the asset monetization that you spoke about, you have a target of $500 to $1 billion over the next five years. You're in ongoing discussions about the sales. Has these discussions changed anything in how you view the longer-term opportunity?

Roy Harvey, CEO

They haven't changed since the last time we talked to Kadya, but our view has changed slightly. Historically, for closed and curtailed assets, we were always looking at selling those assets to maximize value and minimize the liabilities. What has changed over the last couple of years, obviously stating the obvious, is the advent of AI and the data centers. What we're really trying to understand is the value in a data center world or an AI world of our individual sites. We have 10 sites currently that we're focused on selling into that space. We think we'll have that first sale in the first half of this year. There are two that could quickly follow after that. And the difference, as I said, is really focused on where is the value in that chain and how do we make sure that we capture the right value for the asset that we're giving up. And each site has its own variables, right? And so if you look at some of the closed and curtailed sites, what a developer is looking at is how close are they to major metropolitan markets? What's the temperature level, right, if it's a cold area? How much access to megawatts of power that they have? And what's infrastructure is in place currently? So those are all the things that get baked into a decision. And in each one of those, we're going to try to maximize the value.

Katja, Analyst — Other

Then moving to capital allocation, you mentioned a very healthy balance sheet, which gives you a lot of optionality. and excess cash is going to compete between growth and shareholder returns. Can you talk about what potential growth opportunities you could have or what would you like to grow?

Roy Harvey, CEO

So on the organic side, we have very targeted growth opportunities on the organic side. So we will look at investments in our cast houses around the world where it supports a direct near-term customer need. So, for instance, in Europe and in Norway, we are looking at opportunities to add scrap into the mix in Norway for our customers who demand recycled content. And so that is an example of a very targeted return-seeking investment that would have a customer contract backing it up. So we'll be looking at those type of opportunities in all three parts of the value chain, bauxite, refining, and smelting. On the inorganic side, we will look at opportunities from an inorganic perspective, but what we will do is on inorganic opportunities, we'll be very disciplined, and we will only make an investment in an inorganic opportunity where we can unlock synergies that shareholders can't unlock on their own. So there has to be direct cost synergies between us and someone else in order to do an inorganic opportunity.

Katja, Analyst — Other

And then this question comes a lot is, would you, let's say, beyond that on the shareholder return side, do you have preference for dividends or share buybacks?

Roy Harvey, CEO

It is such a difficult calculation to do, and clearly the strength of our balance sheet, if you assume that metal prices stay where they're at, we had strong cash generation in 2025 that allowed us to pay down debt in 2026. If metal prices and the environment stays where it's at, we should have strong cash generation again. We are at the top of our debt target. We didn't give a single pinpoint on debt target. We gave a range. The reason why we gave that range is that we will come into that range. So the first priority again this year is to continue to pay down debt into that range. And then as you mentioned, kind of the next two priorities, and we'll look at not necessarily in these order, growth and returns. And then on the return side, we've had some robust discussion over the last 24 hours around whether that looks like share buyback versus a special dividend. We'll run the sums, make a recommendation of the

Katja, Analyst — Other

board, and go from there. And maybe kind of back on the organic growth side, would you look at building on the smelting side? We don't have any active projects

Roy Harvey, CEO

currently for building on the smelting side so we don't have any green fields any substantial

Katja, Analyst — Other

brown fields uh rating or are there have there been any further challenges there so um we had a

Roy Harvey, CEO

great 11 months uh in brazil in 2025 we had gotten that site up to 93 94 capacity in december we had a series of power outages that caused instability in the plant and I'm not going to blame it exclusively on the power outages we have some opportunities around building the knowledge that we have in Brazil and some equipment reliability that has then taken Brazil down to about 80% today we're ramping back up we're seeing that over the last couple of weeks I follow it on a daily basis. We're seeing it on the last couple of weeks. We're ramping back up, getting better stability, and like I said, we're at about 80%. Keep in mind, the smelter in Brazil did hit profitability in the second half of last year, so it's still contributing to the bottom

Katja, Analyst — Other

line. And then San Ciprian restart continues by mid-year. It still feels like it's going to be this year a drag on earnings. Are you still comfortable in saying that by 27 you're trying to neutralize yes or is there a potential opportunity to speed up given the pricing environment? So I'm comfortable saying that

Roy Harvey, CEO

it is our plan our target to be to have cash neutralization in 2027. We're not there yet the the smelter is ramping up very nicely and really kudos to our local labor force there that we're at about 80% ramp-up on the smelter. The refinery is running at around 50% capacity. The broader issue in San Ciprian, and I think everyone knows this, is the energy situation in Europe. Historically, that plant has been a very well-run plant. After the Ukraine war, energy prices spiked in Europe, and energy prices haven't completely come back down yet. So we're focused on the cash neutrality position for 2027. We're doing everything we can to get to that spot.

Katja, Analyst — Other

And then can you talk about the longer-term plans there?

Roy Harvey, CEO

So the longer-term plans are to make that a competitive asset, a viable asset. And today, the refinery really struggles. And with Illumina prices at $305, their cost structure is substantially higher than $305. Also keep in mind that there's a residue deposit area that will run out of capacity in the early 2030s. So there's more work to be done strategically to try to make that a viable asset for the long term. The smelcher is all going to come down to can we get an energy contract that will make it competitive globally. That's a tough spot right now. Energy in Europe is not competitive for global smelting.

Katja, Analyst — Other

Are there any signs that that could change at all? Are there any plans from the government side?

Roy Harvey, CEO

I'll tell you, Kadya, we're focused on what we can control, and that is run the plant safely, stably, improve on a day-over-day basis, continue to test the market around energy. I can't control energy prices in Europe, but we'll try to make it a viable site so that if we get the ability to get energy to make it successful, we will.

Katja, Analyst — Other

And then one question we get here and there is about potential end of Russia-Ukraine war. Potential? End of Russia-Ukraine war. How do you think that could impact the aluminum market?

Roy Harvey, CEO

it? I don't think it impacts overall supply and demand. The Russian metal has found places to go around the world. Just really high-level numbers. Before the war, Russia was making about 4 million metric tons. We believe Russia is still making about 4 million metric tons. Approximately two of it is going into China. One is still going into Europe one way or another, and one is being consumed in Russia so let's say in a very happy situation we have Russia and Ukraine war resolved we see those trade flows probably changing but the overall supply demand doesn't doesn't change so what does that mean underlying LME price probably shouldn't be impacted by it but we do see that premiums both value-add premiums and Rotterdam premiums could go down as some of that metal comes into Europe and doesn't go to China. So, you know, that's the view. And then there's a lot of

Katja, Analyst — Other

discussion about AI and data centers from a demand perspective, but can you maybe talk about is Alcoa using AI within your own operations? We are. We're probably like a lot of your

Roy Harvey, CEO

industrial companies. Where we're using AI, first of all, is we've had a rollout of AI with our white-collar workforce. Anyone who wants to have access to Microsoft Copilot can have access to Microsoft Copilot. Secondly, we're rolling out agents within Microsoft Copilot. Anyone who wants to develop an agent, can develop agents, that agentic work is continuing to go at the headquarters level and at the sites. And then at the plants, we're boiling up use cases. We have around 80 use cases around the world where we're prioritizing those use cases to see where we can get the best bang for the buck. Some of the very exciting opportunities that we have are around maintenance planning and actual maintenance work, an exciting opportunity around anticipating antidote effects. If you can anticipate an antidote effect by a minute, you can stop that antidote effect from happening in places like Norway. If you can do that, it actually has both greenhouse gas benefit but a financial benefit because you're not emitting as much greenhouse gases. So we are not, you know, we're not spending a huge amount of money. We're being very selective. But yeah, we're using it.

Katja, Analyst — Other

So it's going to be an eventful year, a good year. Is there any last things you would want to say to

Roy Harvey, CEO

investors? I think it's an exciting time to be an aluminum company. I've said that for 26 years now. So, you know, take that for what it's worth. Supply demand is in good shape on metal. I think Illumina, some changes will happen in the market. We have a much better balance sheet than we've ever had. That gives us tremendous flexibility, whether that's for growth or returns to shareholders. So we're excited about what 2025 was and going into 2026. Perfect. Bill,

Katja, Analyst — Other

thank you so much for being with us. Thank you.