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10-Q

Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (ARE)

10-Q 2012-05-04 For: 2012-03-31
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Added on April 04, 2026

Table of Contents


UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2012

OR

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission file number 1-12993

ALEXANDRIA REAL ESTATE EQUITIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland 95-4502084
(State or other jurisdiction of<br> incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

385 East Colorado Boulevard, Suite 299, Pasadena, California 91101

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)

(626) 578-0777

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A (Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x     No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes x   No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o   (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o     No x

As of May 2, 2012, 62,084,846 shares of common stock, par value $.01 per share, were outstanding.


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

**** **** Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 5
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012 6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 7
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 8
Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 39
Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 78
Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 79
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS 79
Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION 79
Item 6. EXHIBITS 81
SIGNATURES 83

Table of Contents

PART IFINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. **** FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (In thousands) (Unaudited)

March 31, December 31,
2012 2011
Assets ****
Investments in real estate $ 6,892,429 $ 6,750,975
Less: accumulated depreciation (779,177 ) (742,535 )
Investments in real estate, net 6,113,252 6,008,440
Cash and cash equivalents 77,361 78,539
Restricted cash 39,803 23,332
Tenant receivables 8,836 7,480
Deferred rent 150,515 142,097
Deferred leasing and financing costs, net 143,754 135,550
Investments 98,152 95,777
Other assets 86,418 82,914
Total assets $ 6,718,091 $ 6,574,129
Liabilities, Noncontrolling Interests, and Equity
Secured notes payable $ 721,715 $ 724,305
Unsecured senior notes payable 549,536
Unsecured senior line of credit 167,000 370,000
Unsecured senior bank term loans 1,350,000 1,600,000
Unsecured senior convertible notes 1,236 84,959
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and tenant security deposits 323,002 325,393
Dividends payable 36,962 36,579
Preferred stock redemption liability 129,638
Total liabilities 3,279,089 3,141,236
Commitments and contingencies
Redeemable noncontrolling interests 15,819 16,034
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity:
Series C Preferred Stock 129,638
Series D Convertible Preferred Stock 250,000 250,000
Series E Preferred Stock 130,000
Common stock 616 616
Additional paid-in capital 3,022,242 3,028,558
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (23,088 ) (34,511 )
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity 3,379,770 3,374,301
Noncontrolling interests 43,413 42,558
Total equity 3,423,183 3,416,859
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests, and equity $ 6,718,091 $ 6,574,129

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (In thousands, except per share amounts) (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended<br> March 31,
2012 2011
Revenues
Rental $ 107,785 $ 106,253
Tenant recoveries 34,552 32,890
Other income 2,629 777
Total revenues 144,966 139,920
Expenses
Rental operations 43,410 41,061
General and administrative 10,361 9,497
Interest 16,227 17,810
Depreciation and amortization 43,405 36,582
Total expenses 113,403 104,950
Income from continuing operations before loss on early extinguishment of debt 31,563 34,970
Loss on early extinguishment of debt (623 ) (2,495 )
Income from continuing operations 30,940 32,475
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net (29 ) 150
Gain on sale of land parcel 1,864 -
Net income 32,775 32,625
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 711 929
Dividends on preferred stock 7,483 7,089
Preferred stock redemption charge 5,978
Net income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards 235 242
Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders $ 18,368 $ 24,365
Earnings per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common<br> stockholders – basic
Continuing operations $ 0.30 $ 0.44
Discontinued operations, net
Earnings per share – basic $ 0.30 $ 0.44
Earnings per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common<br> stockholders – diluted
Continuing operations $ 0.30 $ 0.44
Discontinued operations, net
Earnings per share – diluted $ 0.30 $ 0.44

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (In thousands) (Unaudited)

Three Months Ended<br> March 31,
2012 2011
Net income $ 32,775 $ 32,625
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized (loss) gain on marketable securities
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period 674 513
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (924 )
Unrealized (loss) gain on marketable securities, net (250 ) 513
Unrealized gain on interest rate swaps
Unrealized interest rate swap (losses) gains arising during the period (4,073 ) 300
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of interest expense included in net income 5,775 5,439
Unrealized gain on interest rate swap agreements, net 1,702 5,739
Foreign currency translation gain 9,959 4,883
Total other comprehensive income 11,411 11,135
Comprehensive income 44,186 43,760
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests (699 ) (922 )
Comprehensive income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders $ 43,487 $ 42,838

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)

Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s Stockholders’ Equity
Series C<br> Preferred<br> Stock Series D<br> Convertible<br> Preferred<br> Stock Series E<br> Preferred<br> Stock Number of<br> Common<br> Shares Common<br> Stock Additional<br> Paid-In Capital Retained<br> Earnings Accumulated<br> Other<br> Comprehensive<br> Loss Noncontrolling<br> Interests Total<br> Equity Redeemable<br> Noncontrolling<br> Interests
Balance at December 31, 2011 $ 129,638 $ 250,000 $ 61,560,472 $ 616 $ 3,028,558 $ $ (34,511 ) $ 42,558 $ 3,416,859 $ 16,034
Net income 32,064 586 32,650 125
Unrealized loss on marketable securities (250 ) (250 )
Unrealized gain on interest rate swap agreements 1,702 1,702
Foreign currency translation gain (loss) 9,971 13 9,984 (25 )
Contributions by noncontrolling interests 625 625
Distributions to noncontrolling interests (369 ) (369 ) (315 )
Issuance of Series E Preferred Stock, net of offering costs 130,000 (5,132 ) 124,868
Issuances pursuant to stock plan 74,173 4,961 4,961
Notice of redemption of Series C Preferred Stock (129,638 ) 5,978 (5,978 ) (129,638 )
Dividends declared on common stock (30,397 ) (30,397 )
Dividends declared on preferred stock (7,812 ) (7,812 )
Distributions in excess of earnings (12,123 ) 12,123
Balance at March 31, 2012 $ $ 250,000 $ 130,000 61,634,645 $ 616 $ 3,022,242 $ $ (23,088 ) $ 43,413 $ 3,423,183 $ 15,819

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (In thousands) (Unaudited)


Three Months Ended
March 31,
2012 2011
Operating Activities **** **** **** ****
Net income $ 32,775 $ 32,625
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 43,405 36,707
Loss on early extinguishment of debt 623 2,495
Gain on sale of land parcel (1,864 )
Amortization of loan fees and costs 2,643 2,278
Amortization of debt premiums/discounts 179 1,335
Amortization of acquired above and below market leases (800 ) (4,854 )
Deferred rent (8,796 ) (6,707 )
Stock compensation expense 3,293 2,356
Equity in loss related to investments 26
Gain on sales of investments (1,999 ) (1,654 )
Loss on sales of investments 1 1,391
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Restricted cash 862 37
Tenant receivables (1,237 ) (1,496 )
Deferred leasing costs (7,011 ) (14,361 )
Other assets (2,411 ) 1,287
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and tenant security deposits (10,004 ) (6,971 )
Net cash provided by operating activities 49,685 44,468
Investing Activities **** **** **** ****
Additions to properties (120,585 ) (74,287 )
Purchase of properties (19,946 ) (7,458 )
Change in restricted cash related to construction projects (1,400 ) 259
Distribution from unconsolidated real estate entity 22,250 -
Contributions to unconsolidated real estate entity (3,914 ) (757 )
Additions to investments (5,438 ) (6,514 )
Proceeds from investments 4,785 2,495
Net cash used in investing activities (124,248 ) (86,262 )
Financing Activities **** **** **** ****
Proceeds from issuance of unsecured senior notes payable 544,649
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock 124,868
Principal reductions of secured notes payable (2,688 ) (2,991 )
Principal borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loan 248,000 460,000
Repayments of borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit (451,000 ) (279,000 )
Repayment of unsecured senior bank term loan (250,000 )
Repurchase of unsecured senior convertible notes (83,801 ) (98,590 )
Change in restricted cash related to financings (15,955 ) (2,188 )
Deferred financing costs paid (5,300 ) (15,250 )
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 112 796
Dividends paid on common stock (30,386 ) (24,923 )
Dividends paid on preferred stock (7,089 ) (7,089 )
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests (315 ) (315 )
Contributions by noncontrolling interests 625
Distributions to noncontrolling interests (369 ) (750 )
Net cash provided by financing activities 71,351 29,700
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 2,034 (942 )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (1,178 ) (13,036 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 78,539 91,232
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 77,361 $ 78,196

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

1. **** Background

As used in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, references to the “Company,” “Alexandria,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc., Landlord of Choice to the Life Science Industry®, is the largest owner, preeminent real estate investment trust (“REIT”), and leading life science real estate company focused principally on science-driven cluster development through the ownership, operation, management, selective acquisition, development, and redevelopment of properties containing life science laboratory space.  We are the leading provider of high-quality, environmentally sustainable real estate, technical infrastructure, and services to the broad and diverse life science industry. Client tenants include institutional (universities and independent non-profit institutions), pharmaceutical, biotechnology, product and service entities, clean technology, medical device, and government agencies.  Our operating platform is based on the principle of “clustering,” with assets and operations located adjacent to life science entities, driving growth and technological advances within each cluster.  Our asset base contains 174 properties consisting of the following rentable square footage as of March 31, 2012:

Rentable Square Feet
Operating properties 13,641,270
Development properties 986,828
Redevelopment properties 910,139
Total 15,538,237

As of March 31, 2012, approximately 95% of our leases (on a rentable square footage basis) were triple net leases, requiring tenants to pay substantially all real estate taxes, insurance, utilities, common area expenses, and other operating expenses (including increases thereto) in addition to base rent.  Additionally, approximately 92% of our leases (on a rentable square footage basis) provided for the recapture of certain capital expenditures.  Approximately 94% of our leases (on a rentable square footage basis) contained effective annual rent escalations that were either fixed or based on a consumer price index or another index.

2. **** Basis of presentation

We have prepared the accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and in conformity with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  In our opinion, the interim condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein reflect all adjustments that are necessary to fairly present the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.  The results of operations for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2012.  These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. and its subsidiaries.  All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

We hold interests, together with certain third parties, in companies that we consolidate in our financial statements.  We consolidate the companies because we exercise significant control over major decisions of these entities, such as investing activity and changes in financing.

Use of estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements, and the amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

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2. **** Basis of presentation (continued)

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation.

International operations

The functional currency for our subsidiaries operating in the United States is the United States dollar.  We have five operating properties in Canada, and subsidiaries with construction projects in China and India.  The functional currencies for our foreign subsidiaries are the local currencies in each respective country.  The assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into United States dollars at the exchange rate in effect as of the financial statement date.  Income statement accounts of our foreign subsidiaries are translated using the average exchange rate for the periods presented.  Gains or losses resulting from the translation are included in the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive income and accumulated in other comprehensive loss as a separate component of total equity.

The appropriate amounts of foreign exchange rate gains or losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss will be reflected in income when there is a sale or partial sale of our investment in these operations or upon a complete or substantially complete liquidation of the investment.

Investments in real estate, net, and discontinued operations

We recognize assets acquired (including the intangible value of above or below market leases, acquired in-place leases, tenant relationships, and other intangible assets or liabilities), liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in an acquired entity at their fair value as of the acquisition date.  The value of tangible assets acquired is based upon our estimation of value on an “as if vacant” basis.  The value of acquired in-place leases includes the estimated carrying costs during the hypothetical lease-up period and other costs that would have been incurred to execute similar leases, considering market conditions at the acquisition date of the acquired in-place lease.**** We assess the fair value of tangible and intangible assets based on numerous factors, including estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount and capitalization rates and available market information.  Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors, including the historical operating results, known trends, market/economic conditions that may affect the property.  We also recognize the fair values of assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in acquisitions of less than a 100% interest when the acquisition constitutes a change in control of the acquired entity.  Acquisition-related costs and restructuring costs are expensed as incurred.

The values allocated to land improvements, tenant improvements, equipment, buildings, and building improvements are depreciated on a straight-line basis using an estimated life of 20 years for land improvements, the respective lease term for tenant improvements, the estimated useful life for equipment, and the shorter of the term of the respective ground lease and up to 40 years for buildings and building improvements.  The values of acquired above and below market leases are amortized over the lives of the related leases and recorded as either an increase (for below market leases) or a decrease (for above market leases) to rental income.  The values of acquired in-place leases are included in other assets in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets, and amortized over the remaining terms of the related leases.

We are required to capitalize direct construction and development costs, including predevelopment costs, interest, property taxes, insurance, and other costs directly related and essential to the acquisition, development, redevelopment, or construction of a project.  Capitalization of development, redevelopment, and construction costs is required while activities are ongoing to prepare an asset for its intended use.  Fluctuations in our development, redevelopment, and construction activities could result in significant changes to total expenses and net income.  Costs incurred after a project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use are expensed as incurred.  Should development, redevelopment, or construction activity cease, interest, property taxes, insurance, and certain other costs would no longer be eligible for capitalization and would be expensed as incurred. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance and demolition are expensed as incurred.

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2. **** Basis of presentation (continued)

Investments in real estate, net, and discontinued operations (continued)

A property is classified as “held for sale” when all of the following criteria for a plan of sale have been met: (1) management, having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the property; (2) the property is available for immediate sale in its present condition, subject only to terms that are usual and customary; (3) an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell have been initiated; (4) the sale of the property is probable and is expected to be completed within one year; (5) the property is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and (6) actions necessary to complete the plan of sale indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn.  When all of these criteria have been met, the property is classified as “held for sale”; its operations, including any interest expense directly attributable to it, are classified as discontinued operations in our condensed consolidated statements of income; and amounts for all prior periods presented are reclassified from continuing operations to discontinued operations.  Depreciation of assets ceases upon designation of a property as “held for sale.”

Long-lived assets to be held and used, including our rental properties, land held for future development, construction in progress, and intangibles, are individually evaluated for impairment when conditions exist that may indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable.  The carrying amount of a long-lived asset to be held and used is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual disposition of the asset.  Impairment indicators for long-lived assets to be held and used, including our rental properties, land held for future development, and construction in progress, are assessed by project and include, but are not limited to, significant fluctuations in estimated net operating income, occupancy changes, construction costs, estimated completion dates, rental rates, and other market factors.  We assess the expected undiscounted cash flows based upon numerous factors, including, but not limited to, construction costs, available market information, historical operating results, known trends, market/economic conditions that may affect the property, and our assumptions about the use of the asset, including, if necessary, a probability-weighted approach if multiple outcomes are under consideration.  Upon determination that an impairment has occurred, a write-down is recorded to reduce the carrying amount to its estimated fair value.

We use a “held for sale” impairment model for our properties classified as “held for sale.”  The “held for sale” impairment model is different from the held and used impairment model. Under the “held for sale” impairment model, an impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of the long-lived asset classified as “held for sale” exceeds its fair value less cost to sell.

Variable interest entity

We consolidate a variable interest entity (“VIE”) if it is determined that we are the primary beneficiary, an evaluation that we perform on an ongoing basis.  A VIE is broadly defined as an entity in which either (1) the equity investors as a group, if any, do not have a controlling financial interest, or (2) the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity’s activities without additional subordinated financial support.  We use qualitative analyses when determining whether or not we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE.  Factors considered include, but are not limited to, the purpose and design of the VIE, risks that the VIE was designed to create and pass through, the form of our ownership interest, our representation on the entity’s governing body, the size and seniority of our investment, our ability to participate in policy-making decisions, and the rights of the other investors to participate in the decision-making process and to replace us as manager and/or liquidate the venture, if applicable.  Our ability to correctly assess our influence or control over an entity at the inception of our involvement with the entity or upon reevaluation of the entity’s continuing status as a VIE and determine the primary beneficiary of a VIE affects the presentation of these entities in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Cash and cash equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when purchased to be cash and cash equivalents.  The majority of our cash and cash equivalents are held at major commercial banks in accounts that usually exceed the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation limit of $250,000.  We have not experienced any losses to date on our invested cash.

Restricted cash

Restricted cash primarily consists of funds held in trust under the terms of our secured notes payable, funds held in escrow related to our capital expenditures, and funds held for various other deposits.

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2. **** Basis of presentation (continued)

Investments

We hold equity investments in certain publicly traded companies and privately held entities primarily involved in the life science industry.  All of our investments in publicly traded companies are considered “available for sale” and are recorded at fair value.  Fair value has been determined based upon the closing price as of each balance sheet date, with unrealized gains and losses shown as a separate component of comprehensive income.  The classification of each investment is determined at the time each investment is made, and such determination is reevaluated at each balance sheet date.  The cost of each investment sold is determined by the specific identification method, with net realized gains included in other income.  Investments in privately held entities are generally accounted for under the cost method when our interest in the entity is so minor that we have virtually no influence over the entity’s operating and financial policies.  Additionally, we limit our ownership percentage in the voting stock of each individual entity to less than 10%.  As of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, our ownership percentage in the voting stock of each individual entity was less than 10%.

Individual investments are evaluated for impairment when changes in conditions may indicate an impairment exists. The factors that we consider in making these assessments include, but are not limited to, market prices, market conditions, available financing, prospects for favorable or unfavorable clinical trial results, new product initiatives, and new collaborative agreements. If there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that would have an adverse effect on our cost method investments, we do not estimate the investment’s fair value. For all of our investments, if a decline in the fair value of an investment below the carrying value is determined to be other than temporary, such investment is written down to its estimated fair value with a non-cash charge to current earnings. We use “significant other observable inputs” and “significant unobservable inputs” to determine the fair value of privately held entities.

Deferred leasing costs

Costs directly related and essential to our leasing activities are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease. Costs related to unsuccessful leasing opportunities are expensed.

Deferred financing costs

Fees and costs incurred in obtaining long-term financing are capitalized. Capitalized amounts are amortized over the term of the related loan and the amortization is included in interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

Interest rate swap agreements

We utilize interest rate swap agreements to hedge a portion of our exposure to variable interest rates primarily associated with our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loans. We recognize our interest rate swap agreements as either assets or liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. For those derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments, a company must designate the hedging instrument, based upon the hedged exposure, as a fair value hedge, a cash flow hedge, or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation. We do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes, and currently all of our derivatives are designated as hedges. Our interest rate swap agreements are considered cash flow hedges as they are designated and qualify as hedges of the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows. Hedge accounting generally provides for the matching of the timing of gain or loss recognition on the hedging instrument with the recognition of the changes in the earnings effect of the hedged forecasted transactions in a cash flow hedge.

Interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed rate payments over the life of the interest rate swap agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The effective portion of changes in the fair value of our interest rate swap agreements that are designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. The amount is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period during which the hedged forecasted transactions affect earnings.

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2. **** Basis of presentation (continued)

Interest rate swap agreements (continued)

The fair value of each interest rate swap agreement is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analyses on the expected cash flows of each derivative. These analyses reflect the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and use observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities (also referred to as “significant other observable inputs”). The fair values of our interest rate swap agreements are determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash payments and the discounted expected variable cash receipts. The variable cash receipts are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. The fair value calculation also includes an amount for risk of non-performance using “significant unobservable inputs” such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default, which we have determined to be insignificant to the overall fair value of our interest rate swap agreements.

Income taxes

We are organized and qualify as a REIT pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).  Under the Code, a REIT that distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income as a dividend to its shareholders each year and that meets certain other conditions is not subject to federal income taxes, but is subject to certain state and local taxes.  We generally distribute 100% or more of our taxable income.  Therefore, no provision for federal income taxes is required.  We file tax returns, including returns for our subsidiaries, with federal, state, and local jurisdictions, including jurisdictions located in the United States, Canada, China, India, and other international locations.  Our tax returns are subject to examination in various jurisdictions for the calendar years 2007 through 2011.

We recognize tax benefits of uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained, based solely on its technical merits, with the taxing authority having full knowledge of all relevant information.  The measurement of a tax benefit for an uncertain tax position that meets the “more likely than not” threshold is based on a cumulative probability model under which the largest amount of tax benefit recognized is the amount with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the taxing authority having full knowledge of all the relevant information.  As of March 31, 2012, there were no unrecognized tax benefits.  We do not anticipate a significant change to the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.

Interest expense and penalties, if any, would be recognized in the first period the interest or penalty would begin accruing, according to the provisions of the relevant tax law at the applicable statutory rate of interest.  We did not incur any tax-related interest expense or penalties for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011.

Rental income and tenant recoveries

Rental income from leases with scheduled rent increases, free rent, incentives, and other rent adjustments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the respective lease terms. We include amounts currently recognized as income, and expected to be received in later years, in deferred rent receivable in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Amounts received currently, but recognized as income in future years, are included as deferred rent in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and tenant security deposits in our consolidated balance sheets. We commence recognition of rental income at the date the property is ready for its intended use and the tenant takes possession of or controls the physical use of the property.

Tenant recoveries related to reimbursement of real estate taxes, insurance, utilities, repairs and maintenance, and other operating expenses are recognized as revenue in the period the applicable expenses are incurred.

We maintain an allowance for estimated losses that results from the inability of our tenants to make payments required under the terms of the lease and for tenant recoveries due. We recognize additional bad debt expense in future periods if a tenant fails to make a contractual payment beyond any allowance. As of March 31, 2012, we had no allowance for estimated losses.

Interest income

Interest income was approximately $0.6 million and $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and is included in other income in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.

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2. **** Basis of presentation (continued)

Impact of recently issued accounting standards

In May 2011, the FASB issued an Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) to substantially converge the guidance in GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) on fair value measurements and disclosures. The ASU changes several aspects of the fair value measurement guidance in FASB Accounting Standards Codification 820, Fair Value Measurement, including (1) the application of the concepts of highest and best use and valuation premise; (2) the introduction of an option to measure groups of offsetting assets and liabilities on a net basis; (3) the incorporation of certain premiums and discounts in fair value measurements; and (4) the measurement of the fair value of certain instruments classified in stockholders’ equity. In addition, the ASU includes several new fair value disclosure requirements, such as information about valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs used in fair value measurements and a narrative description of the fair value measurements’ sensitivity to changes in significant unobservable inputs. The ASU is effective for public companies during the interim and annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2011. We adopted the ASU as of January 1, 2012. The adoption of the ASU did not impact our condensed consolidated financial statements or related disclosures.

In June 2011, the FASB issued an ASU to make presentation of items within other comprehensive income (“OCI”) more prominent. Entities are required to present items of net income, items of OCI, and total comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement or in two separate but consecutive statements. There no longer exists the option to present OCI in the statement of changes in stockholders’ equity. In December 2011, the FASB decided to defer the requirement that companies present reclassification adjustments for each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) in both net income and OCI on the face of the financial statements. Reclassifications out of AOCI will be either presented on the face of the financial statement in which OCI is presented or disclosed in the notes to the financial statements. This deferral does not change the requirement to present items of net income, items of OCI, and total comprehensive income in either one continuous statement or two separate consecutive statements. The ASU is effective for public companies during the interim and annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2011. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2012, and have presented the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income separately from the condensed consolidated statements of income.

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3. **** Investments in real estate

Our investments in real estate, net, consisted of the following as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011 (dollars in thousands):

March 31, 2012 December 31, 2011
Book<br> Value Rentable<br> Square Feet Book<br> Value Rentable<br> Square Feet
Land (related to rental properties) $ 506,136 $ 510,630
Buildings and building improvements 4,473,337 4,417,093
Other improvements 185,653 185,036
Rental properties 5,165,126 13,641,270 5,112,759 13,567,997
Less: accumulated depreciation (779,177 ) (742,535 )
Rental properties, net 4,385,949 4,370,224
Construction in progress (“CIP”)/current value-added projects:
Active development 231,164 986,828 198,644 818,020
Active redevelopment 297,031 910,139 281,555 919,857
Projects in India and China 114,207 751,000 106,775 817,000
Generic infrastructure/building improvement projects 124,716 92,338
767,118 2,647,967 679,312 2,554,877
Land/future value-added projects:
Land held for future development 387,309 11,662,000 341,678 10,939,000
Land undergoing preconstruction activities (additional CIP) (1) 547,006 2,244,000 574,884 2,668,000
934,315 13,906,000 916,562 13,607,000
Investment in unconsolidated real estate entity 25,870 414,000 42,342 414,000
Investments in real estate, net (2) $ 6,113,252 30,609,237 $ 6,008,440 30,143,874

(1)          We generally will not commence ground-up development of any parcels undergoing preconstruction activities without first securing significant pre-leasing for such space.  If vertical aboveground construction is not initiated at completion of preconstruction activities, the land parcel will be classified as land held for future development.  The two largest projects included in preconstruction consist of our 1.6 million developable square feet at Alexandria Center™ at Kendall Square in East Cambridge, Massachusetts, and our 407,000 developable square foot site for the second tower at Alexandria Center™ for Life Science – New York City.

(2)          In addition to assets included in our gross investment in real estate, we hold options/rights for parcels supporting approximately 3.0 million developable square feet.  These parcels consist of: (a) a parcel supporting the future ground-up development of approximately 385,000 rentable square feet in Alexandria Center™ for Life Science – New York City related to an option under our ground lease; (b) a right to acquire land parcels supporting ground-up development of 636,000 rentable square feet in Edinburgh, Scotland; and (c) an option to increase our land use rights by up to approximately 2.0 million additional developable square feet in China.

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3. **** Investments in real estate (continued)

Rental properties, net, construction in progress, and land (future value-added projects)

As of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, we had various projects classified as construction in progress, including development and redevelopment projects, and projects in India and China.  As of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, we had 986,828 and 818,020 rentable square feet, respectively, undergoing active ground-up development consisting of vertical aboveground construction of life science properties.  Additionally, as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, we had 910,139 and 919,857 rentable square feet, respectively, undergoing active redevelopment. We also had construction projects in India and China aggregating approximately 751,000 and 817,000 rentable square feet as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, respectively.  We are required to capitalize project costs, indirect project costs, and interest during the period an asset is undergoing activities to prepare it for its intended use.  Capitalization of interest ceases after a project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use.  In addition, should construction activity cease, interest would be expensed as incurred.

Additionally, as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, we had approximately $387.3 million and $341.7 million, respectively, of land held for future development, aggregating 11.7 million and 10.9 million rentable square feet, respectively.  Land held for future development represents real estate we plan to develop in the future but on which, as of each period presented, no construction activities were ongoing.  As a result, interest, property taxes, insurance, and other costs are expensed as incurred. Additionally, as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, we had land supporting an aggregate of 2.2 million and 2.7 million rentable square feet of future ground-up development, respectively, undergoing preconstruction activities (consisting of Building Information Modeling [BIM or 3-D virtual modeling], design development and construction drawings, sustainability and energy optimization review, budgeting, planning for future site and infrastructure work, and other activities prior to commencement of vertical construction of aboveground shell and core improvements) that are also classified as construction in progress.  Our objective with preconstruction is to reduce the time it takes to deliver projects to prospective tenants.  Project costs are capitalized as a cost of the project during periods when activities necessary to prepare an asset for its intended use are in progress.  We generally will not commence ground-up development of any parcels undergoing preconstruction activities without first securing significant pre-leasing for such space.  If vertical aboveground construction is not initiated at completion of preconstruction activities, the land parcel will be classified as land held for future development.  The two largest projects included in preconstruction consisted of our 1.6 million developable square foot site at Alexandria Center™ at Kendall Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and our 407,000 developable square foot site for the second tower at Alexandria Center™ for Life Science – New York City.

Sale of land parcel

In March 2012, we contributed our 55% ownership interest in a land parcel aggregating 414,000 developable square feet in the Longwood Medical Area into a newly formed joint venture (the “Restated JV”) with National Development and Charles River Realty Investors, and admitted as a 50% member, Clarion Partners, LLC, resulting in a reduction of our ownership interest from 55% to 27.5%.  The transfer of 27.5% of our 55% ownership interest to Clarion Partners, LLC, in this real estate venture is accounted for as an in substance partial sale of an interest in the underlying real estate.  In connection with the sale of 27.5% of our 55% ownership interest in the land parcel, we received a special distribution of approximately $22.3 million which included the recognition of a $1.9 million gain on sale of land and approximately $5.4 million from our share of loan refinancing proceeds.  The land parcel we sold during the three months ended March 31, 2012, did not meet the criteria for discontinued operations since the parcel did not have any significant operations prior to disposition. Pursuant to the presentation and disclosure literature on gains/losses on sales or disposals by REITs required by the SEC, gains or losses on sales or disposals by a REIT that do not qualify as discontinued operations are classified below income from discontinued operations in the income statement. Accordingly for the three months ended March 31, 2012, we classified the $1.9 million gain on sale of land below income from discontinued operations, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of income.  Our 27.5% share of the land was sold at approximately $31 million (including closing costs), or approximately $275 per developable square foot.  Upon formation of the Restated JV, the existing $38.4 million non-recourse secured loan was refinanced with a seven-year (including two one-year extension options) non-recourse $213 million construction loan with initial loan proceeds of $50 million.  We do not expect capital contributions through the completion of the project to exceed the approximate $22.3 million in net proceeds received in this transaction. Construction of this $350 million project is expected to commence early in the second quarter of 2012 and the project is 37% pre-leased to Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc.  In addition, we expect to earn development and other fees of approximately $3.5 million through 2015, and recurring annual property management fees thereafter.

We do not qualify as the primary beneficiary of the Restated JV since we do not have the power to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact its economic performance.  The decisions that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance require both our consent and that of our partners, for all major operating, investing, and financing decisions, as well as decisions involving major expenditures.  As of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, our investment in the unconsolidated real estate entity of approximately $25.9 million and $42.3 million, respectively, was classified as an investment in real estate in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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3. **** Investments in real estate (continued)

Investment in unconsolidated real estate entity (continued)

Our investment in the unconsolidated real estate entity is adjusted for additional contributions and distributions, the proportionate share of the net earnings or losses, and other comprehensive income or loss.  Distributions, profits, and losses related to this entity are allocated in accordance with the operating agreement.  When circumstances indicate that there may have been a reduction in value of an equity investment, we evaluate the equity investment and any advances made for impairment by estimating our ability to recover our investment from future expected cash flows.  If we determine the loss in value is other than temporary, we recognize an impairment charge to reflect the equity investment and any advances made at fair value.

4. **** Investments

We hold equity investments in certain publicly traded companies and privately held entities primarily involved in the life science industry.  The following table summarizes our marketable securities (in thousands):

March 31, December 31,
2012 2011
Adjusted cost of marketable securities $ 1,889 $ 2,401
Gross unrealized gains 3,843 4,206
Gross unrealized losses (259 ) (372 )
Fair value of marketable securities $ 5,473 $ 6,235

Investments in “available for sale” securities with gross unrealized losses as of March 31, 2012, had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months.  We have the ability and intent to hold these investments for a reasonable period of time sufficient for a recovery of our investment.  We believe that these unrealized losses are temporary and accordingly we have not recognized an other-than-temporary impairment related to “available for sale” securities as of March 31, 2012.

The following table outlines our investment in privately held entities as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011 (in thousands):

March 31,<br> 2012 December 31,<br> 2011
Investments accounted for under the cost method $ 92,673 $ 89,510
Investments accounted for under the equity method 6 32
Total investment in privately held entities $ 92,679 $ 89,542

As of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, there were no unrealized losses in our investments in privately held entities.

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5. **** Secured and unsecured senior debt

The following table summarizes secured and unsecured senior debt and their respective principal maturities, as of March 31, 2012 (in thousands):

Unsecured Senior Debt
Secured Notes<br> Payable Line of<br> Credit and<br> Bank Term<br> Loans Notes Payable Convertible<br> Notes Total<br> Consolidated
2012 $ 8,170 $ $ $ $ 8,170
2013 52,254 52,254
2014 305,598 250 305,848
2015 7,171 167,000 174,171
2016 233,454 750,000 983,454
Thereafter 115,790 600,000 550,000 1,000 1,266,790
Subtotal 722,437 1,517,000 550,000 1,250 2,790,687
Unamortized discounts (722 ) (464 ) (14 ) (1,200 )
Total 721,715 $ 1,517,000 $ 549,536 $ 1,236 $ 2,789,487

The following table summarizes fixed rate/hedged and unhedged floating rate debt as of March 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands):


Fixed Rate/<br> Hedged Unhedged<br> Floating<br> Rate Total<br> Consolidated Percentage<br> of<br> Total Weighted<br> Average<br> Interest Rate at<br> End of Period<br> (1) Weighted<br> Average<br> Remaining<br> Term (Years)
Secured notes payable $ 645,055 $ 76,660 $ 721,715 25.9% 5.77% 3.9
Unsecured senior notes payable 549,536 549,536 19.7 4.61 10.0
Unsecured senior line of credit (2) 100,000 67,000 167,000 6.0 2.72 2.8
2016 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan 750,000 750,000 26.9 3.29 4.3
2017 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan 600,000 600,000 21.5 3.84 4.8
Unsecured senior convertible notes 1,236 1,236 5.10 4.3
Total debt $ 2,645,827 $ 143,660 $ 2,789,487 100.0% 4.28% 5.3
Percentage of total debt 95% 5% 100%
(1) Represents the contractual interest rate as of the end of the period plus the impact of debt premiums/discounts and our interest rate swap agreements. The weighted average interest rate excludes bank fees and amortization of loan fees.
--- ---
(2) Total commitments available for borrowing aggregate $1.5 billion under our unsecured senior line of credit. As of March 31, 2012, we had approximately $1.3 billion available for borrowing under our unsecured senior line of credit.

The maturity dates on our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loans may be extended at our sole election with delivery of notice to our lenders and may be repaid prior to the maturity dates of these loans without prepayment penalties.  The maturity dates of these loans are as follows, assuming we exercise our sole right to extend the maturity dates:

Applicable<br> Margin Stated Maturity<br> Date Extension Option Extended<br> Maturity Date
Unsecured senior line of credit:
Prior to amendment on April 30, 2012 2.40% January 2014 Two extensions of six months each January 2015
Post amendment on April 30, 2012 1.20% April 2016 Two extensions of six months each April 2017
2016 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan 1.65% June 2015 One year June 2016
2017 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan 1.50% January 2016 One year January 2017

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5. **** Secured and unsecured senior debt (continued)

Secured notes payable

Future principal payments due on secured notes payable as of March 31, 2012, were as follows (dollars in thousands):

Description Maturity<br> Date Type Stated<br> Rate Effective<br> Rate (1) Amount
Other scheduled principal repayments/amortization $ 8,170
2012 Total $ 8,170
San Diego 3/1/13 Insurance Co. 6.21% 6.21% $ 7,934
Suburban Washington, D.C. 9/1/13 CMBS 6.36 6.36 26,093
San Francisco Bay 11/16/13 Other 6.14 6.14 7,527
Other scheduled principal repayments/amortization 10,700
2013 Total $ 52,254
Greater Boston 4/1/14 Insurance Co. 5.26% 5.59% $ 208,684
Suburban Washington, D.C. 4/20/14 Bank 2.27 2.27 76,000
San Diego 7/1/14 Bank 6.05 4.88 6,458
San Diego 11/1/14 Bank 5.39 4.00 7,495
Seattle 11/18/14 Other 5.01 5.01 240
Other scheduled principal repayments/amortization 6,721
2014 Total $ 305,598
Other scheduled principal repayments/amortization $ 7,171
2015 Total $ 7,171
Greater Boston, San Francisco Bay, and San Diego 1/1/16 CMBS 5.73% 5.73% $ 75,501
Greater Boston and Greater NYC 4/1/16 CMBS 5.82 5.82 29,389
San Francisco Bay 8/1/16 CMBS 6.35 6.35 126,715
Other scheduled principal repayments/amortization 1,849
2016 Total $ 233,454
Thereafter 115,790
Subtotal 722,437
Unamortized discounts (722 )
Total $ 721,715

(1)    Represents the contractual interest rate as of the end of the period plus the impact of debt premiums/discounts. The effective rate excludes bank fees and amortization of loan fees.

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5. **** Secured and unsecured senior debt (continued)

4.60% Unsecured senior notes payable

In February 2012, we completed a public $550 million offering of our unsecured senior notes payable at a stated interest rate of 4.60%.  The unsecured senior notes payable were priced at 99.915% of the principal amount with a yield to maturity of 4.61% and are due April 1, 2022.  The unsecured senior notes payable are unsecured obligations of the Company and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.  The unsecured senior notes payable rank equally in right of payment with all other senior unsecured indebtedness. However, the unsecured senior notes payable are effectively subordinated to existing and future mortgages and other secured indebtedness (to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness) and to all existing and future preferred equity and liabilities, whether secured or unsecured, of the Company’s subsidiaries, other than Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P.  We used the net proceeds of this offering to prepay the outstanding principal balance of $250 million on our 2012 unsecured senior bank term loan (“2012 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan”) and to reduce the outstanding borrowings on our unsecured senior line of credit.

The requirements of the key financial covenants under our unsecured senior notes payable are as follows:

Covenant Ratios (1) Requirement Actual (2)
Total Debt to Total Assets Less than or equal to 60% 37%
Consolidated EBITDA to Interest Expense Greater than or equal to 1.5x 5.4x
Unencumbered Total Asset Value to Unsecured Debt Greater than or equal to 150% 279%
Secured Debt to Total Assets Less than or equal to 40% 10%
(1) For a definition of the ratios used in the table above and related footnotes, refer to the Indenture dated February 29, 2012, which governs the unsecured senior notes payable, which was filed as an exhibit to our report filed with the SEC.
--- ---
(2) Actual covenants are calculated pursuant to the specific terms of the agreement.

In addition, the terms of the agreement, among other things, limit the ability of the Company, Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P., and the Company’s other subsidiaries to (1) consummate a merger, or consolidate or sell all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, and (2) incur certain secured or unsecured indebtedness.

Unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loans

In April 2012, we amended our $1.5 billion unsecured senior line of credit, with Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. as joint lead arrangers, and certain lenders, to extend the maturity date of our unsecured senior line of credit, provide an accordion option for up to an additional $500 million, and reduce the interest rate for outstanding borrowings. The maturity date of the unsecured senior line of credit was extended to April 2017, assuming we exercise our sole right to extend this maturity date twice by an additional six months after each exercise. Borrowing under the unsecured senior line of credit will bear interest at London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or the base rate specified in the amended credit agreement, plus in either case a specified margin (the “Applicable Margin”). The Applicable Margin for LIBOR borrowings under the unsecured senior line of credit was set at 1.20%, down from 2.40% in effect immediately prior to the modification. In addition to the Applicable Margin, our unsecured senior line of credit is subject to an annual facility fee of 0.25%.  In connection with the modification of our unsecured senior line of credit in April 2012, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of approximately $1.6 million related to the write-off of a portion of unamortized loan fees.

During the three months ended March 31, 2012, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of approximately $0.6 million related to the write-off of unamortized loan fees, as a result of the early repayment of $250 million of our 2012 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan.

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5. **** Secured and unsecured senior debt (continued)

Unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loans (continued)

The following table summarizes balances outstanding under our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loans as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011 (dollars in thousands):

March 31, 2012 December 31, 2011
Applicable<br> Margin Balance Interest<br> Rate (1) Balance Interest<br> Rate (1)
Unsecured senior line of credit 2.30% $ 167,000 2.72% $ 370,000 2.59%
2012 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan N/A N/A 250,000 5.63%
2016 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan 1.65% 750,000 3.29% 750,000 3.28%
2017 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan 1.50% 600,000 3.84% 600,000 1.93%
$ 1,517,000 $ 1,970,000
(1) Represents the contractual interest rate as of the end of the period plus the impact of debt premiums/discounts and our interest rate swap agreements. The interest rate excludes bank fees and amortization of loan fees.
--- ---

The requirements of the key financial covenants under our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loans based upon agreements effective April 30, 2012, are as follows:

Covenant Ratios (1) Requirement Actual (2)
Total Debt to Total Assets (3) Less than or equal to 60.0% (4) 34%
Consolidated EBITDA to Interest Expense (5) Greater than or equal to 1.50x 2.5x
Secured Debt to Total Assets (6) Less than or equal to 40.0% (4) 9%
Unsecured Leverage Ratio Less than or equal to 60.0% (4) 36%
Unsecured Interest Coverage Ratio Greater than or equal to 1.75x 8.9x
(1) For a definition of the ratios used in the table above and related footnotes, refer to the (“Amended Credit Agreement”) dated as of April 30, 2012, which will be filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending June 30, 2012.
--- ---
(2) Actual covenants are calculated pursuant to the specific terms of each agreement.
(3) Under the Amended Credit Agreement, this ratio is referred to as the Leverage Ratio.
(4) These ratios may increase by an additional 5% in connection with a Material Acquisition, as defined, for up to four quarters.
(5) Under the Amended Credit Agreement, this ratio is referred to as the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio.
(6) Under the Amended Credit Agreement, this ratio is referred to as the Secured Debt Ratio.

In addition, the terms of the unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loan agreements, among other things, limit the ability of the Company, Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P., and the Company’s subsidiaries to (1) consummate a merger, or consolidate or sell all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, and (2) incur certain secured or unsecured indebtedness.

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5. **** Secured and unsecured debt (continued)

Unsecured senior convertible notes

The following tables summarize the balances, significant terms, and components of interest cost recognized (excluding amortization of loan fees and before the impact of capitalized interest) on our unsecured senior convertible notes (dollars in thousands):

8.00% Unsecured Senior<br> Convertible Notes 3.70% Unsecured Senior<br> Convertible Notes
March 31, December 31, March 31, December 31,
2012 2011 2012 2011
Principal amount $ 250 $ 250 $ 1,000 $ 84,801
Unamortized discount (14 ) (15 ) (77 )
Net carrying amount of liability component $ 236 $ 235 $ 1,000 $ 84,724
Carrying amount of equity component $ 27 $ 27 $ 95 $ 8,080
Number of shares on which the aggregate consideration to be delivered on conversion is determined 6,087 6,087 N/A (1) N/A (1)
Issuance date April 2009 January 2007
Stated interest rate 8.00% 3.70%
Effective interest rate at March 31, 2012 11.00% 3.70%
Conversion rate per $1,000 principal value of unsecured senior convertible notes, as adjusted 24.3480 8.5207
8.00% Unsecured Senior<br> Convertible Notes 3.70% Unsecured Senior<br> Convertible Notes
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Three Months Ended Three Months Ended
March 31, March 31,
2012 2011 2012 2011
Contractual interest $ 5 $ 5 $ 139 $ 2,192
Amortization of discount on liability component 1 1 77 1,267
Total interest cost $ 6 $ 6 $ 216 $ 3,459

(1)          Our 3.70% unsecured senior convertible notes (“3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes”) require that upon conversion, the entire principal amount is to be settled in cash, and any excess value above the principal amount, if applicable, is to be settled in shares of our common stock.  Based on the March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, closing prices of our common stock of $73.13 and $68.97, respectively, and the conversion price of our 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes of $117.36 as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, the if-converted value of the notes did not exceed the principal amount as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, and accordingly, no shares of our common stock would have been issued if the notes had been settled on March 31, 2012, or December 31, 2011.

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5. **** Secured and unsecured debt (continued)

3.70% unsecured senior convertible notes

In January 2007, we completed a private offering of $460 million of 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes.  On or after January 15, 2012, we have the right to redeem the 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes, in whole or in part, at any time and from time to time, for cash equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.  Holders of the 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes may require us to repurchase their notes, in whole or in part, on January 15, 2017 and 2022, for cash equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be purchased plus any accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the repurchase date.

As of March 31, 2012, the 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes had a conversion rate of approximately 8.5207 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes, which is equivalent to a conversion price of approximately $117.36 per share of our common stock.

During the three months ended March 31, 2011, we recognized an aggregate loss on early extinguishment of debt of approximately $2.5 million related to the repurchase, in privately negotiated transactions, of approximately $96.1 million of certain of our 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes.

During the year ended December 31, 2011, we repurchased, in privately negotiated transactions, additional 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes aggregating approximately $217.1 million in principal amount, at an aggregate cash price of approximately $221.4 million (the “2011 3.70% Repurchases”).  Upon completion of the 2011 3.70% Repurchases, the total value of the consideration of the 2011 3.70% Repurchases was allocated to the extinguishment of the liability component equal to the fair value of that component immediately prior to extinguishment, with the difference between this allocation and the net carrying amount of the liability component and unamortized debt issuance costs recognized as a loss on early extinguishment of debt.  The remaining settlement consideration of approximately $3.0 million was allocated to the reacquisition of the equity component and was recognized as a reduction of Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity.  As a result of the 2011 3.70% Repurchases, we recognized an aggregate loss on early extinguishment of debt of approximately $5.2 million, including approximately $0.7 million in unamortized issuance costs during the year ended December 31, 2011.

During January 2012, we repurchased approximately $83.8 million in principal amount of our 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes at par, pursuant to options exercised by holders thereof under the indenture governing the notes.  We did not recognize a gain or loss as a result of this repurchase.  As of March 31, 2012, $1.0 million of our 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes remained outstanding.

The following table outlines our interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2012 2011
Gross interest $ 31,493 $ 31,003
Capitalized interest (15,266 ) (13,193 )
Interest expense (1) $ 16,227 $ 17,810

(1)          Includes interest expense related to and classified in income from discontinued operations in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

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6. **** Interest rate swap agreements

During the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, our interest rate swap agreements were used primarily to hedge the variable cash flows associated with certain of our existing LIBOR-based variable rate debt, including our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loans.  The ineffective portion of the change in fair value of our interest rate swap agreements is required to be recognized directly in earnings. During the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, our interest rate swap agreements were 100% effective; because of this, no hedge ineffectiveness was recognized in earnings.  The effective portion of changes in the fair value of our interest rate swap agreements that are designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

The following table reflects the effective portion of the unrealized loss recognized in other comprehensive loss for our interest rate swaps related to the change in fair value for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):

March 31,
2012 2011
Unrealized (loss) gain recognized in other comprehensive loss related to the effective portion of changes in the fair value of our interest rate swap agreements $ (4,073 ) $ 300

Losses are subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period during which the hedged forecasted transactions affect earnings.  During the next 12 months, we expect to reclassify approximately $19.8 million from accumulated other comprehensive loss to interest expense as an increase to interest expense.  The following table indicates the classification in the condensed consolidated statements of income and the effective portion of the loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings for our cash flow hedge contracts for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):

March 31,
2012 2011
Loss reclassified from other comprehensive loss to earnings as an increase to interest expense (effective portion) $ 5,775 $ 5,439

As of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, our interest rate swap agreements were classified in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and tenant security deposits based upon their respective fair values, aggregating a liability balance of approximately $31.3 million and $33.0 million, respectively, which included accrued interest and adjustments for non-performance risk, with the offsetting adjustment reflected as unrealized loss in accumulated other comprehensive loss in total equity.  We have not posted any collateral related to our interest rate swap agreements.  We had the following outstanding interest rate swap agreements that were designated as cash flow hedges of interest rate risk as of March 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands):

Notional Amount in
Effect as of
Transaction<br> Date Effective<br> Date Termination<br> Date Interest Pay<br> Rate (1) Fair Value as of<br> March 31, 2012 March 31,<br> 2012 December 31,<br> 2013 December 31,<br> 2014
December 2006 December 29, 2006 March 31, 2014 4.990 % $ (4,582 ) $ 50,000 $ 50,000 $
October 2007 October 31, 2007 September 30, 2012 4.546 (1,082 ) 50,000
October 2007 October 31, 2007 September 30, 2013 4.642 (3,243 ) 50,000
October 2007 July 1, 2008 March 31, 2013 4.622 (1,083 ) 25,000
October 2007 July 1, 2008 March 31, 2013 4.625 (1,084 ) 25,000
December 2006 November 30, 2009 March 31, 2014 5.015 (6,910 ) 75,000 75,000
December 2006 November 30, 2009 March 31, 2014 5.023 (6,922 ) 75,000 75,000
December 2006 December 31, 2010 October 31, 2012 5.015 (2,829 ) 100,000
December 2011 December 30, 2011 December 31, 2012 0.480 (388 ) 250,000
December 2011 December 30, 2011 December 31, 2012 0.480 (388 ) 250,000
December 2011 December 30, 2011 December 31, 2012 0.480 (194 ) 125,000
December 2011 December 30, 2011 December 31, 2012 0.480 (194 ) 125,000
December 2011 December 30, 2011 December 31, 2012 0.495 (208 ) 125,000
December 2011 December 30, 2011 December 31, 2012 0.508 (220 ) 125,000
December 2011 December 31, 2012 December 31, 2013 0.640 (457 ) 250,000
December 2011 December 31, 2012 December 31, 2013 0.640 (458 ) 250,000
December 2011 December 31, 2012 December 31, 2013 0.644 (234 ) 125,000
December 2011 December 31, 2012 December 31, 2013 0.644 (234 ) 125,000
December 2011 December 31, 2013 December 31, 2014 0.977 (284 ) 250,000
December 2011 December 31, 2013 December 31, 2014 0.976 (284 ) 250,000
Total $ (31,278 ) $ 1,450,000 $ 950,000 $ 500,000

(1)             In addition to the interest pay rate, borrowings outstanding under our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loans include an applicable margin shown on page 17.

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7. **** Fair value of financial instruments

We are required to disclose fair value information about all financial instruments, whether or not recognized in the balance sheet, for which it is practicable to estimate fair value.  We measure and disclose the estimated fair value of financial assets and liabilities utilizing a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions.  This hierarchy consists of three broad levels as follows: (1) quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities, (2) “significant other observable inputs,” and (3) “significant unobservable inputs.”  “Significant other observable inputs” can include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, as well as inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and yield curves that are observable at commonly quoted intervals.  “Significant unobservable inputs” are typically based on an entity’s own assumptions, since there is little, if any, related market activity. In instances in which the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.  There were no transfers between the levels in the fair value hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2012.

The following tables set forth the assets and liabilities that we measure at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011 (in thousands):

March 31, 2012
Description Total Quoted Prices in<br> Active Markets<br> for Identical<br> Assets “Significant<br> Other<br> Observable<br> Inputs” “Significant<br> Unobservable<br> Inputs”
Assets:
Marketable securities $ 5,473 $ 5,473 $ $
Liabilities:
Interest rate swap agreements $ 31,278 $ $ 31,278 $
December 31, 2011
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Description Total Quoted Prices in<br> Active Markets<br> for Identical<br> Assets “Significant<br> Other<br> Observable<br> Inputs” “Significant<br> Unobservable<br> Inputs”
Assets:
Marketable securities $ 6,235 $ 6,235 $ $
Liabilities:
Interest rate swap agreements $ 32,980 $ $ 32,980 $

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, tenant receivables, other assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and tenant security deposits approximate fair value.  As further described in Notes 4 and 6, our marketable securities and our interest rate swap agreements, respectively, have been recorded at fair value. The fair values of our secured notes payable, unsecured senior notes payable, unsecured senior line of credit, unsecured senior bank term loans, and unsecured senior convertible notes were estimated using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analyses of “significant other observable inputs” such as available market information on discount and borrowing rates with similar terms and maturities.  Because the valuations of our financial instruments are based on these types of estimates, the actual fair value of our financial instruments may differ materially if our estimates do not prove to be accurate.  Additionally, the use of different market assumptions or estimation methods may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts.

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7. **** Fair value of financial instruments (continued)

As of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, the book and fair values of our marketable securities, interest rate swap agreements, secured notes payable, unsecured senior notes payable, unsecured senior line of credit, unsecured senior bank term loan, and unsecured senior convertible notes were as follows (in thousands):

March 31, 2012 December 31, 2011
Book Value Fair Value Book Value Fair Value
Marketable securities $ 5,473 $ 5,473 $ 6,235 $ 6,235
Interest rate swap agreements 31,278 31,278 32,980 32,980
Secured notes payable 721,715 816,993 724,305 810,128
Unsecured senior notes payable 549,536 542,003
Unsecured senior line of credit 167,000 172,563 370,000 378,783
Unsecured senior bank term loans 1,350,000 1,363,034 1,600,000 1,603,917
Unsecured senior convertible notes 1,236 1,252 84,959 85,221

8. **** Earnings per share

We use income from continuing operations attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders as the “control number” in determining whether potential common shares, including potential common shares issuable upon conversion of our 8.00% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes, are dilutive or antidilutive to earnings (loss) per share.  Pursuant to the presentation and disclosure literature on gains or losses on sales or disposals by REITs and earnings per share required by the SEC and the FASB, gains or losses on sales or disposals by a REIT that do not qualify as discontinued operations are classified below income from discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of income and included in the numerator for the computation of earnings per share for income from continuing operations.

The sale of land parcel related to our investment in unconsolidated real estate entity during the three months ended March 31, 2012, did not meet the criteria for discontinued operations because the unconsolidated real estate entity did not have significant operations prior to disposition. Accordingly, for the three months ended March 31, 2012, we classified the $1.9 million gain on sale of land parcel below (loss) income from discontinued operations, net in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income, and included the gain in income from continuing operations attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders, the “control number,” or numerator for computation of earnings per share.

We account for unvested restricted stock awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends as participating securities and include these securities in the computation of earnings per share using the two-class method.  Under the two-class method, we allocate net income after preferred stock dividends, preferred stock redemption charge, and amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests to common stockholders and unvested restricted stock awards based on their respective participation rights to dividends declared (or accumulated) and undistributed earnings.  Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding determined for the basic earnings per share computation plus the effect of any dilutive securities, including the dilutive effect of stock options using the treasury stock method.

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8. **** Earnings per share (continued)

The table below is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted earnings per share computations for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

Three Months Ended<br> March 31,
Earnings per share 2012 2011
Income from continuing operations $ 30,940 $ 32,475
Gain on sale of land parcel 1,864
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (711 ) (929 )
Dividends on preferred stock (7,483 ) (7,089 )
Preferred stock redemption charge (5,978 )
Net income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards (235 ) (242 )
Income from continuing operations attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – basic and diluted 18,397 24,215
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net (29 ) 150
Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – basic and diluted $ 18,368 $ 24,365
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding – basic 61,507,807 54,948,345
Effect of dilutive stock options 1,160 19,410
Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding – diluted 61,508,967 54,967,755
Earnings per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – basic
Continuing operations $ 0.30 $ 0.44
Discontinued operations, net
Earnings per share – basic $ 0.30 $ 0.44
Earnings per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – diluted
Continuing operations $ 0.30 $ 0.44
Discontinued operations, net
Earnings per share – diluted $ 0.30 $ 0.44

For purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share, we did not assume conversion of our 8.00% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, since the impact was antidilutive to earnings per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders from continuing operations during those periods.

For purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share, we did not assume conversion of our Series D Convertible Preferred Stock for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, since the impact was antidilutive to earnings per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders from continuing operations during those periods.

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8. **** Earnings per share (continued)

Our calculation of weighted average diluted shares will include additional shares related to our 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes when the average market price of our common stock is higher than the conversion price ($117.36 as of March 31, 2012). The number of additional shares that will be included in the weighted average diluted shares is equal to the number of shares that would be issued upon the settlement of the 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes, assuming the settlement occurred at the end of the reporting period pursuant to the treasury stock method.  For the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, the weighted average shares of common stock related to our 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes have been excluded from diluted weighted average shares of common stock because the average market price of our common stock was lower than the conversion price and the impact of conversion would have been antidilutive to earnings per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders from continuing operations during those periods.

9. **** Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.

The following table shows income (loss) from continuing and discontinued operations attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended<br> March 31,
2012 2011
Income from continuing operations $ 30,940 $ 32,475
Gain on sale of land parcel 1,864
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (711 ) (929 )
Income from continuing operations attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. 32,093 31,546
(Loss) income from discontinued operations attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc., net (29 ) 150
Less: net income from discontinued operations attributable to noncontrolling interests
Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. $ 32,064 $ 31,696

10. **** Stockholders’ equity

6.45% series E preferred stock offering

In March 2012, we completed a public offering of 5,200,000 shares of our 6.45% series E cumulative redeemable preferred stock (“Series E Preferred Stock”).  The shares were issued at a price of $25.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $124.9 million (after deducting underwriters’ discounts and other offering costs).  The proceeds were initially used to reduce the outstanding borrowings under our unsecured senior line of credit. We then borrowed funds under our unsecured senior line of credit to redeem our 8.375% series C cumulative redeemable preferred stock in April 2012 (“Series C Preferred Stock”).  The dividends on our Series E Preferred Stock are cumulative and accrue from the date of original issuance.  We pay dividends quarterly in arrears at an annual rate of 6.45%, or $1.6125 per share.  Our Series E Preferred Stock has no stated maturity date, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption provisions, and is not redeemable before March 15, 2017, except to preserve our status as a REIT.  On and after March 15, 2017, we may, at our option, redeem the Series E Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at any time for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends on the Series E Preferred Stock up to, but excluding, the redemption date.  In addition, upon the occurrence of a change of control, we may, at our option, redeem the Series E Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, within 120 days after the first date on which such change of control occurred, by paying $25.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends up to, but excluding, the date of redemption.  Investors in our Series E Preferred Stock generally have no voting rights.

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10. **** Stockholders’ equity (continued)

8.375% series C preferred stock redemption

In March 2012, we called for redemption all 5,185,500 outstanding shares of our 8.375% Series C Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to $25.00 per share on the redemption date of April 13, 2012.  Separately, we announced in March 2012, that we would pay a dividend on the Series C Preferred Stock for the holders of record as of March 30, 2012.  The preferred stock redemption liability included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2012, reflects the Series C Preferred Stock at its redemption amount of $129.6 million, excluding the portion relating to the accumulated and unpaid dividends.  As a result of calling our Series C Preferred Stock for redemption in March 2012, we recognized a preferred stock redemption charge of approximately $6.0 million for costs related to the issuance and redemption of our Series C Preferred Stock.  This amount represents the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred to the holders over the carrying amount of the preferred stock.  The accumulated and unpaid dividends relating to the Series C Preferred Stock as of March 31, 2012, have been included in dividends payable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.  The Series C Preferred Stock was redeemed on April 13, 2012.

Dividends

In March 2012, we declared a cash dividend on our common stock aggregating $30.4 million ($0.49 per share) for the three months ended March 2012.  In March 2012, we also declared cash dividends on our Series C Preferred Stock aggregating $2.7 million ($0.5234375 per share), for the period from January 15, 2012, through April 15, 2012.  Additionally, on March 31, 2012, we declared cash dividends on our Series D Convertible Preferred Stock aggregating approximately $4.4 million ($0.4375 per share), for the period from January 15, 2012, through April 15, 2012.

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

Accumulated other comprehensive loss attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. consists of the following (in thousands):

March 31, December 31,
2012 2011
Unrealized gain on marketable securities $ 3,584 $ 3,834
Unrealized loss on interest rate swap agreements (31,278 ) (32,980 )
Unrealized gain (loss) on foreign currency translation 4,606 (5,365 )
Total $ (23,088 ) $ (34,511 )

11. **** Noncontrolling interests

Noncontrolling interests represent the third-party interests in certain entities in which we have a controlling interest. These entities own seven properties and three development parcels as of March 31, 2012, and are included in our condensed consolidated financial statements.  Noncontrolling interests are adjusted for additional contributions and distributions, the proportionate share of the net earnings or losses, and other comprehensive income or loss.  Distributions, profits, and losses related to these entities are allocated in accordance with the respective operating agreements.

Certain of our noncontrolling interests have the right to require us to redeem their ownership interests in the respective entities.  We classify these ownership interests in the entities as redeemable noncontrolling interests outside of total equity in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.  Redeemable noncontrolling interests are adjusted for additional contributions and distributions, the proportionate share of the net earnings or losses, and other comprehensive income or loss. Distributions, profits, and losses related to these entities are allocated in accordance with the respective operating agreements.  If the carrying amount of a redeemable noncontrolling interest is less than the maximum redemption value at the balance sheet date, such amount is adjusted to the maximum redemption value.  Subsequent declines in the redemption value are recognized only to the extent that previously recorded increases have been recorded.  As of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, our redeemable noncontrolling interest balances were approximately $15.8 million and $16.0 million, respectively.   Our remaining noncontrolling interests, aggregating approximately $43.4 million and $42.6 million as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, respectively, do not have rights to require us to purchase their ownership interests and are classified in total equity in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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12. **** Discontinued operations

The following is a summary of income from discontinued operations, net, and net assets of discontinued operations (in thousands):

Three Months Ended
March 31,
**** 2012 2011
Total revenue $ 53 $ 389
Operating expenses 82 82
Revenue less operating expenses (29 ) 307
Interest expense 32
Depreciation expense 125
(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net $ (29 ) $ 150
March 31, December 31,
--- --- --- --- ---
2012 2011
Investment in real estate “held for sale,” net $ 15,043 $ 15,011
Other assets 143 197
Total assets 15,186 15,208
Total liabilities 691 298
Net assets of discontinued operations $ 14,495 $ 14,910

Loss from discontinued operations, net, for the three months ended March 31, 2012, includes the results of the operations of three operating properties that were classified as “held for sale” as of March 31, 2012.  Income from discontinued operations, net, for the three months ended March 31, 2011, includes the results of operations of three properties that were classified as “held for sale” as of March 31, 2012, and the results of operations of one property sold during the three months ended December 31, 2011.

13. **** Condensed consolidating financial information

Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (the “Issuer”) has sold certain securities registered under the Securities Act, as amended, that are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P. (the “LP”), an indirectly wholly owned subsidiary of the Issuer.  The Company’s other subsidiaries, including, but not limited to, the subsidiaries that own substantially all of its real estate (collectively, the “Combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries”) will not provide a guarantee of such securities, including the subsidiaries that are partially or wholly owned by the LP.  The following condensed consolidating financial information presents the condensed consolidating balance sheets as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011, and the condensed consolidating statements of income, comprehensive income, and cash flows for three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, for the Issuer, the guarantor subsidiary (the LP), the Combined Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries, consolidating adjustments, and consolidated amounts.  Each entity in the condensed consolidating financial information follows the same accounting policies described in our condensed consolidated financial statements, except for the use of the equity method of accounting to reflect ownership interest in subsidiaries that are eliminated upon consolidation.

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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet

as of March 31, 2012 (In thousands)

(Unaudited)

**** Alexandria<br> Real Estate<br> Equities, Inc.<br> (Issuer) Alexandria<br> Real Estate<br> Equities, L.P.<br> (Guarantor<br> Subsidiary) Combined<br> Non-<br> Guarantor<br> Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated ****
Assets **** **** ****
Investments in real estate $ 63,184 $ $ 6,829,245 $ $ 6,892,429
Less: accumulated depreciation (18,437 ) (760,740 ) (779,177 )
Investments in real estate, net 44,747 6,068,505 6,113,252
Cash and cash equivalents 17,820 1,474 58,067 77,361
Restricted cash 43 39,760 39,803
Tenant receivables 21 8,815 8,836
Deferred rent 1,719 148,796 150,515
Deferred leasing and financing costs, net 28,333 115,421 143,754
Investments 12,960 85,192 98,152
Investments in and advances to affiliates 5,556,146 5,119,699 107,414 (10,783,259 )
Intercompany note receivable 2,195 (2,195 )
Other assets 19,546 66,872 86,418
Total assets $ 5,670,570 $ 5,134,133 $ 6,698,842 $ (10,785,454 ) $ 6,718,091
Liabilities, Noncontrolling Interests, and Equity
Secured notes payable $ $ $ 721,715 $ $ 721,715
Unsecured senior notes payable 549,536 549,536
Unsecured senior line of credit 167,000 167,000
Unsecured senior bank term loans 1,350,000 1,350,000
Unsecured senior convertible notes 1,236 1,236
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and tenant security deposits 56,713 266,289 323,002
Dividends payable 36,677 285 36,962
Preferred stock redemption liability 129,638 129,638
Intercompany note payable 2,195 (2,195 )
Total liabilities 2,290,800 990,484 (2,195 ) 3,279,089
Redeemable noncontrolling interests 15,819 15,819
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity 3,379,770 5,134,133 5,649,126 (10,783,259 ) 3,379,770
Noncontrolling interests 43,413 43,413
Total equity 3,379,770 5,134,133 5,692,539 (10,783,259 ) 3,423,183
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests, and equity $ 5,670,570 $ 5,134,133 $ 6,698,842 $ (10,785,454 ) $ 6,718,091

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Condensed Consolidating Balance Sheet

as of December 31, 2011 (In thousands)

(Unaudited)

**** Alexandria<br> Real Estate<br> Equities, Inc.<br> (Issuer) Alexandria<br> Real Estate<br> Equities, L.P.<br> (Guarantor<br> Subsidiary) Combined<br> Non-<br> Guarantor<br> Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated
Assets **** **** ****
Investments in real estate $ 64,880 $ $ 6,686,095 $ $ 6,750,975
Less: accumulated depreciation (18,085 ) (724,450 ) (742,535 )
Investments in real estate, net 46,795 5,961,645 6,008,440
Cash and cash equivalents 10,608 67,931 78,539
Restricted cash 40 23,292 23,332
Tenant receivables 12 7,468 7,480
Deferred rent 1,615 140,482 142,097
Deferred leasing and financing costs, net 25,364 110,186 135,550
Investments 13,385 82,392 95,777
Investments in and advances to affiliates 5,443,778 5,020,525 105,284 (10,569,587 )
Intercompany note receivable 2,195 (2,195 )
Other assets 18,643 64,271 82,914
Total assets $ 5,549,050 $ 5,033,910 $ 6,562,951 $ (10,571,782 ) $ 6,574,129
Liabilities, Noncontrolling Interests, and Equity
Secured notes payable $ $ $ 724,305 $ $ 724,305
Unsecured senior notes payable
Unsecured senior line of credit 370,000 370,000
Unsecured senior bank term loans 1,600,000 1,600,000
Unsecured senior convertible notes 84,959 84,959
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and tenant security deposits 83,488 241,905 325,393
Dividends payable 36,302 277 36,579
Intercompany note payable 2,195 (2,195 )
Total liabilities 2,174,749 968,682 (2,195 ) 3,141,236
Redeemable noncontrolling interests 16,034 16,034
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity 3,374,301 5,033,910 5,535,677 (10,569,587 ) 3,374,301
Noncontrolling interests 42,558 42,558
Total equity 3,374,301 5,033,910 5,578,235 (10,569,587 ) 3,416,859
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests, and equity $ 5,549,050 $ 5,033,910 $ 6,562,951 $ (10,571,782 ) $ 6,574,129

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Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income

for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012 (In thousands)

(Unaudited)

**** Alexandria <br> Real Estate<br> Equities, Inc.<br> (Issuer) Alexandria<br> Real Estate<br> Equities, L.P.<br> (Guarantor<br> Subsidiary) Combined<br> Non-<br> Guarantor<br> Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated
Revenues **** **** ****
Rental $ 1,721 $ $ 106,064 $ $ 107,785
Tenant recoveries 757 33,795 34,552
Other income 1,998 585 3,421 (3,375 ) 2,629
Total revenues 4,476 585 143,280 (3,375 ) 144,966
Expenses
Rental operations 2,596 40,814 43,410
General and administrative 9,499 4,237 (3,375 ) 10,361
Interest 10,569 5,658 16,227
Depreciation and amortization 1,393 42,012 43,405
Total expenses 24,057 92,721 (3,375 ) 113,403
(Loss) income from continuing operations before equity in earnings of affiliates and loss on early extinguishment of debt (19,581 ) 585 50,559 31,563
Equity in earnings of affiliates 52,268 49,356 985 (102,609 )
Loss on early extinguishment of debt (623 ) (623 )
Income from continuing operations 32,064 49,941 51,544 (102,609 ) 30,940
Loss from discontinued operations, net (29 ) (29 )
Gain on sale of land parcel 1,864 1,864
Net income 32,064 49,941 53,379 (102,609 ) 32,775
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 711 711
Dividends on preferred stock 7,483 7,483
Preferred stock redemption charge 5,978 5,978
Net income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards 235 235
Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders $ 18,368 $ 49,941 $ 52,668 $ (102,609 ) $ 18,368

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Condensed Consolidating Statement of Income

for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2011 (In thousands)

(Unaudited)

**** Alexandria<br> Real Estate<br> Equities, Inc.<br> (Issuer) Alexandria<br> Real Estate<br> Equities, L.P.<br> (Guarantor<br> Subsidiary) Combined<br> Non-<br> Guarantor<br> Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated
Revenues **** **** ****
Rental $ 1,725 $ $ 104,528 $ $ 106,253
Tenant recoveries 762 32,128 32,890
Other income (loss) 2,220 (269 ) 2,011 (3,185 ) 777
Total revenues 4,707 (269 ) 138,667 (3,185 ) 139,920
Expenses
Rental operations 2,095 39,189 (223 ) 41,061
General and administrative 8,714 3,745 (2,962 ) 9,497
Interest 11,525 6,285 17,810
Depreciation and amortization 1,211 35,371 36,582
Total expenses 23,545 84,590 (3,185 ) 104,950
(Loss) income from continuing operations before equity in earnings of affiliates and loss on early extinguishment of debt (18,838 ) (269 ) 54,077 34,970
Equity in earnings of affiliates 53,029 50,561 995 (104,585 )
Loss on early extinguishment of debt (2,495 ) (2,495 )
Income from continuing operations 31,696 50,292 55,072 (104,585 ) 32,475
Income from discontinued operations, net 150 150
Net income 31,696 50,292 55,222 (104,585 ) 32,625
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 929 929
Dividends on preferred stock 7,089 7,089
Net income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards 242 242
Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders $ 24,365 $ 50,292 $ 54,293 $ (104,585 ) $ 24,365

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Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income

for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012 (In thousands)

(Unaudited)

**** Alexandria<br> Real Estate<br> Equities, Inc.<br> (Issuer) Alexandria<br> Real Estate<br> Equities, L.P.<br> (Guarantor<br> Subsidiary) Combined<br> Non-<br> Guarantor<br> Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated
Net income $ 32,064 $ 49,941 $ 53,379 $ (102,609 ) $ 32,775
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities
Unrealized holding gains arising during the period 31 643 674
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (11 ) (913 ) (924 )
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities, net 20 (270 ) (250 )
Unrealized gain on interest rate swaps
Unrealized interest rate swap losses arising during the period (4,073 ) (4,073 )
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of interest expense included in net income 5,775 5,775
Unrealized gain on interest rate swaps, net 1,702 1,702
Foreign currency translation gain 9,959 9,959
Total other comprehensive income 1,702 20 9,689 11,411
Comprehensive income 33,766 49,961 63,068 (102,609 ) 44,186
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests (699 ) (699 )
Comprehensive income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders $ 33,766 $ 49,961 $ 62,369 $ (102,609 ) $ 43,487

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Condensed Consolidating Statement of Comprehensive Income

for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2011 (In thousands)

(Unaudited)

**** Alexandria<br> Real Estate<br> Equities, Inc.<br> (Issuer) Alexandria<br> Real Estate<br> Equities, L.P.<br> (Guarantor<br> Subsidiary) Combined<br> Non-<br> Guarantor<br> Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated
Net income $ 31,696 $ 50,292 $ 55,222 $ (104,585 ) $ 32,625
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized (loss) gain on marketable securities
Unrealized holding (losses) gains arising during the period (55 ) 568 513
Reclassification adjustments for gains included in net income
Unrealized (loss) gain on marketable securities, net (55 ) 568 513
Unrealized gain on interest rate swaps
Unrealized interest rate swap gains arising during the period 300 300
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of interest expense included in net income 5,439 5,439
Unrealized gain on interest rate swaps, net 5,739 5,739
Foreign currency translation gain 4,883 4,883
Total other comprehensive income (loss) 5,739 (55 ) 5,451 11,135
Comprehensive income 37,435 50,237 60,673 (104,585 ) 43,760
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests (922 ) (922 )
Comprehensive income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders $ 37,435 $ 50,237 $ 59,751 $ (104,585 ) $ 42,838

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Condensed Consolidating Statement Cash Flows

for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2012 (In thousands)

(Unaudited)

**** Alexandria Real<br> Estate Equities,<br> Inc. (Issuer) Alexandria Real<br> Estate Equities,<br> L.P. (Guarantor<br> Subsidiary) Combined<br> Non-Guarantor<br> Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated ****
Operating Activities
Net income $ 32,064 $ 49,941 $ 53,379 $ (102,609 ) $ 32,775
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 1,393 42,012 43,405
Loss on early extinguishment of debt 623 623
Gain on sale of land parcel (1,864 ) (1,864 )
Amortization of loan fees and costs 1,792 851 2,643
Amortization of debt premiums/discounts 81 98 179
Amortization of acquired above and below market leases (800 ) (800 )
Deferred rent 17 (8,813 ) (8,796 )
Stock compensation expense 3,293 3,293
Equity in loss related to investments 26 26
Equity in income related to subsidiaries (52,268 ) (49,356 ) (985 ) 102,609
Gain on sales of investments (611 ) (1,388 ) (1,999 )
Loss on sales of investments 1 1
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Restricted cash (3 ) 865 862
Tenant receivables (9 ) (1,228 ) (1,237 )
Deferred leasing costs 4,266 (11,277 ) (7,011 )
Other assets 22 (2,433 ) (2,411 )
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and tenant security deposits (23,545 ) 13,541 (10,004 )
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities (32,274 ) 81,959 49,685
Investing Activities
Additions to properties (304 )) (120,281 ) (120,585 )
Purchase of properties (19,946 ) (19,946 )
Change in restricted cash related to construction projects (1,400 ) (1,400 )
Distribution from unconsolidated real estate entity 22,250 22,250
Contributions to unconsolidated real estate entity (3,914 ) (3,914 )
Investments in subsidiaries (50,379 ) (40,116 ) (1,144 ) 91,639
Additions to investments (119 ) (5,319 ) (5,438 )
Proceeds from investments 1,149 3,636 4,785
Net cash used in investing activities (50,683 ) (39,086 ) (126,118 ) 91,639 (124,248 )
Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuance of unsecured senior notes payable 544,649 544,649
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock 124,868 124,868
Principal reductions of secured notes payable (2,688 ) (2,688 )
Principal borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit 248,000 248,000
Repayments of borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit (451,000 ) (451,000 )
Repayment of unsecured senior term loan (250,000 ) (250,000 )
Repurchase of unsecured senior convertible notes (83,801 ) (83,801 )
Change in restricted cash related to financings (15,955 ) (15,955 )
Transfers due to/from parent company 40,560 51,079 (91,639 )
Deferred financing costs paid (5,184 ) (116 ) (5,300 )
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 112 112
Dividends paid on common stock (30,386 ) (30,386 )
Dividends paid on preferred stock (7,089 ) (7,089 )
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests (315 ) (315 )
Contributions by noncontrolling interests 625 625
Distributions to noncontrolling interests (369 ) (369 )
Net cash provided by financing activities 90,169 40,560 32,261 (91,639 ) 71,351
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents 2,034 2,034
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 7,212 1,474 (9,864 ) (1,178 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 10,608 67,931 78,539
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 17,820 $ 1,474 $ 58,067 $ $ 77,361

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Condensed Consolidating Statement Cash Flows

for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2011 (In thousands)

(Unaudited)

**** Alexandria Real<br> Estate Equities,<br> Inc. (Issuer) Alexandria Real<br> Estate Equities,<br> L.P. (Guarantor<br> Subsidiary) Combined <br> Non-Guarantor<br> Subsidiaries Eliminations Consolidated
Operating Activities
Net income $ 31,696 $ 50,292 $ 55,222 $ (104,585 ) $ 32,625
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 1,211 35,496 36,707
Loss on early extinguishment of debt 2,495 2,495
Amortization of loan fees and costs 1,729 549 2,278
Amortization of debt premiums/discounts 1,268 67 1,335
Amortization of acquired above and below market leases (4,854 ) (4,854 )
Deferred rent 96 (6,803 ) (6,707 )
Stock compensation expense 2,356 2,356
Equity in income related to subsidiaries (53,029 ) (50,561 ) (995 ) 104,585
Gain on sales of investments (13 ) (1,641 ) (1,654 )
Loss on sales of investments 283 1,108 1,391
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Restricted cash (5 ) 42 37
Tenant receivables (11 ) (1,485 ) (1,496 )
Deferred leasing costs (363 ) (13,998 ) (14,361 )
Other assets 835 452 1,287
Intercompany receivable/payable (3,158 ) 3,158
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and tenant security deposits (16,525 ) 9,554 (6,971 )
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities (31,405 ) 1 75,872 44,468
Investing Activities **** **** ****
Additions to properties (1,340 ) (72,947 ) (74,287 )
Purchase of properties (7,458 ) (7,458 )
Change in restricted cash related to construction projects 259 259
Contributions to unconsolidated real estate entity (757 ) (757 )
Investments in subsidiaries (13,536 ) (11,922 ) (392 ) 25,850
Additions to investments (1,196 ) (5,318 ) (6,514 )
Proceeds from investments 217 2,278 2,495
Net cash used in investing activities (14,876 ) (12,901 ) (84,335 ) 25,850 (86,262 )
Financing Activities **** **** ****
Principal reductions of secured notes payable (2,991 ) (2,991 )
Principal borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured term loans 460,000 460,000
Repayments of borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit (279,000 ) (279,000 )
Repayment of unsecured senior term loan
Repurchase of unsecured senior convertible notes (98,590 ) (98,590 )
Change in restricted cash related to financings (2,188 ) (2,188 )
Transfers due to/from parent company 12,302 13,548 (25,850 )
Deferred financing costs paid (15,127 ) (123 ) (15,250 )
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 796 796
Dividends paid on common stock (24,923 ) (24,923 )
Dividends paid on preferred stock (7,089 ) (7,089 )
Distributions to redeemable noncontrolling interests (315 ) (315 )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests (750 ) (750 )
Net cash provided by financing activities 36,067 12,302 7,181 (25,850 ) 29,700
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents (942 ) (942 )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents (10,214 ) (598 ) (2,224 ) (13,036 )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 48,623 602 42,007 91,232
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 38,409 $ 4 $ 39,783 $ $ 78,196

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14.  Subsequent events

On April 13, 2012, we redeemed all 5,185,500 shares of our outstanding Series C Preferred Stock at a redemption price of $25.00 per share plus $0.5234375 per share, representing accumulated and unpaid dividends to the redemption date.  See Note 10 for further information.

In April 2012, we amended our $1.5 billion unsecured senior line of credit, with Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. as joint lead arrangers; Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent; and certain lenders, to extend the maturity date of our unsecured senior line of credit, provide an accordion option for up to an additional $500 million, and reduce the interest rate for outstanding borrowings. The maturity date of the unsecured senior line of credit was extended to April 2017, assuming provided that we exercise our sole right to extend this maturity date twice by an additional six months after each exercise. Borrowing under the unsecured senior line of credit will bear interest at LIBOR or the base rate specified in the amended credit agreement, plus in either case a specified margin. The Applicable Margin for LIBOR borrowings under the unsecured senior line of credit was set at 1.20%, down from 2.40% in effect immediately prior to the modification. In addition to the Applicable Margin, our unsecured senior line of credit is subject to an annual facility fee of 0.25%.  In connection with the modification of our unsecured senior line of credit in April 2012, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of approximately $1.6 million related to the write-off of a portion of unamortized loan fees.

In April 2012, we amended our 2016 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan and 2017 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan, conforming the financial covenants contained in our unsecured senior bank term loan agreements to those contained in our amended $1.5 billion unsecured senior line of credit.

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Item 2. **** MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Certain information and statements included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, including, without limitation, statements containing the words “believes,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” or “anticipates,” or the negative of these words or similar words, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.  Forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties regarding events, conditions, and financial trends that may affect our future plans of operations, business strategy, results of operations, and financial position.  A number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from those included within or contemplated by the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to the following:

·                  negative worldwide economic, financial, and banking conditions;

·                  worldwide economic recession, lack of confidence, and/or high structural unemployment;

·                  potential defaults on national debt by certain countries;

·                  potential and further downgrades of the credit ratings of the federal, state, and foreign governments, or their perceived creditworthiness;

·                  concerns regarding the European debt crisis and market perception concerning the instability of the euro;

·                  failure of the United States government to agree on a debt ceiling or deficit reduction plan;

·                  potential and further downgrades of the credit ratings of major financial institutions, or their perceived creditworthiness;

·                  financial, banking, and credit market conditions;

·                  the seizure or illiquidity of credit markets;

·                  failure to meet market expectations for our financial performance;

·                  our inability to obtain capital (debt, construction financing, and/or equity) or refinance debt maturities;

·                  our inability to comply with financial covenants in our debt agreements;

·                  inflation or deflation;

·                  prolonged period of stagnant growth;

·                  increased interest rates and operating costs;

·                  adverse economic or real estate developments in our markets;

·                  our failure to successfully complete and lease our existing space held for redevelopment and new properties acquired for that purpose and any properties undergoing development;

·                  significant decreases in our active development, active redevelopment, or preconstruction activities resulting in significant increases in our interest, operating, and payroll expenses;

·                  our failure to successfully operate or lease acquired properties;

·                  the financial condition of our insurance carriers;

·                  general and local economic conditions;

·                  government changes to the healthcare system and its negative impact on our tenants;

·                  adverse developments concerning the life science industry and/or our life science client tenants;

·                  the nature and extent of future competition;

·                  lower rental rates, and/or higher vacancy rates;

·                  failure to renew or replace expiring leases;

·                  defaults on or non-renewal of leases by tenants;

·                  availability of and our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel;

·                  our failure to comply with laws or changes in law;

·                  compliance with environmental laws;

·                  our failure to maintain our status as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”);

·                  changes in laws, regulations, and financial accounting standards;

·                  certain ownership interests outside the United States that may subject us to different or greater risks than those associated with our domestic operations; and

·                  fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

This list of risks and uncertainties is not exhaustive.  Additional information regarding risk factors that may affect us is included under the headings “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011.  Readers of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should also read our Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and other publicly filed documents for further discussion regarding such factors.

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As used in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, references to the “Company”, “we”, “our”, and “us” refer to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. and its subsidiaries. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes appearing elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.  References to “GAAP” used herein refer to United States generally accepted accounting principles.

Overview

We are a Maryland corporation formed in October 1994 that has elected to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.  We are the largest owner, preeminent REIT, and leading life science real estate company, focused principally on science-driven cluster development through the ownership, operation, management, selective acquisition, development, and redevelopment of properties containing life science laboratory space.  We are the leading provider of high-quality environmentally sustainable real estate, technical infrastructure, and services to the broad and diverse life science industry.  Client tenants include institutional (universities and independent non-profit institutions), pharmaceutical, biotechnology, product and service entities, clean technology, medical device, and government agencies.  Our primary business objective is to maximize stockholder value by providing our stockholders with the greatest possible total return based on a multifaceted platform of internal and external growth. Our operating platform is based on the principle of “clustering,” with assets and operations located adjacent to life science entities, driving growth and technological advances within each cluster.

As of March 31, 2012, we had 174 properties aggregating approximately 15.5 million rentable square feet, composed of approximately 13.6 million rentable square feet of operating properties, approximately 986,828 rentable square feet undergoing active development, and approximately 910,139 rentable square feet undergoing active redevelopment.  Our operating properties were approximately 94.2% leased as of March 31, 2012.  Our primary sources of revenues are rental income and tenant recoveries from leases of our properties.  The comparability of financial data from period to period is affected by the timing of our property acquisition, development, and redevelopment activities.

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2012 highlights

Significant Balance Sheet Management Milestones

·                  Completed debut offering of 4.60% unsecured senior notes with aggregate net proceeds of $544.6 million; net proceeds from offering were used to repay certain outstanding variable rate bank debt;

·                  Completed 6.45% series E perpetual preferred stock offering with aggregate net proceeds of $124.9 million; net proceeds from offering were used to redeem $129.6 million of outstanding 8.375% series C perpetual preferred stock in April 2012;

·                  Lowered interest rate and extended maturity date to April 2017 pursuant to amendment to $1.5 billion unsecured senior line of credit in April 2012;

·                  Assets under contract for sale and completed asset sales aggregating total sale price of $47.4 million, or 42%, of $112 million sales target for 2012; and

·                  Reduced unhedged variable rate debt to 5% of total debt.

Core Operating Metrics

·                  Total revenues for the three months ended march 31, 2012, were $145.0 million, as compared to total revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2011, of $145.8 million, and total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2011, of $139.9 million.

·                  Net operating income (“NOI”) for the three months ended March 31, 2012, was $101.6 million, compared to NOI for the three months ended December 31, 2011, of $101.8 million, and NOI for the three months ended March 31, 2011, of $98.9 million.

·                  Operating margins were solid at 70%.

·                  Solid life science space demand in key cluster markets; executed 63 leases for 912,000 rentable square feet, including 394,000 rentable square feet of development and redevelopment space

○                Fourth highest quarter of leasing activity in company history

○                Rental rate increase of 3.3% and decrease of 2.8% on a GAAP and cash basis, respectively, on renewed/re-leased space; excluding one lease for 18,000 rentable square feet related to one tenant in the Sorrento Valley submarket in San Diego, rental rates for renewed/re-leased space were on average 7.6% and 1.1% higher than rental rates for expiring leases on a GAAP and cash basis, respectively

○                Key life science space leasing

■                   Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. leased 154,000 rentable square feet of a multi-tenant development in the Greater Boston market

■                   Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. leased 171,000 rentable square feet build-to-suit development in the San Francisco Bay market

■                   Hamner Institute leased 100,000 rentable square feet building in the Research Triangle Park market

■                   Illumina, Inc. leased 23,000 rentable square feet development expansion in the San Diego market

·                  46% of annualized base rent from investment grade tenants;

·                  Cash and GAAP same property revenues less operating expenses increase of 1.7% and decrease of 0.7%, respectively; and

·                  Occupancy percentage for operating properties of 94.2% and occupancy percentage for operating and redevelopment properties of 87.9%.

Value-Added Opportunities and External Growth

·                  100% leased on five of seven ground-up development projects aggregating 987,000 rentable square feet, including commencement of 100% pre-leased 171,000 rentable square feet single tenant ground-up development project in the San Francisco Bay market

·                  63% leased/negotiating on 11 redevelopment projects aggregating 910,000 rentable square feet

Significant Announcements

·                  In April 2012, our board of directors elected Maria C. Freire, Ph.D., as a director of the Company

·                  On May 28, 2012, the Company will celebrate its 15th anniversary as an NYSE listed Company

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Significant balance sheet milestones

Transaction
Significant Balance Sheet Management Milestones (in thousands) Date Amount (1)
Debut 4.60% investment grade unsecured senior notes payable offering February 2012 $ 544,649
Repurchase of 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes January 2012 $ (83,801 )
Repayment of 2012 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan February 2012 $ (250,000 )
Amendment of $1.5 billion unsecured senior line of credit (2) April 2012 $ 1,500,000
Issuance of 6.45% Series E Preferred Stock March 2012 $ 124,868
Notice of redemption of 8.375% Series C Preferred Stock (3) March 2012 $ (129,638 )
Sale of interest in land parcel to joint venture partner March 2012 $ 31,360

(1)          Net of discounts and offering costs, as applicable.

(2)          Outstanding balance of unsecured senior line of credit as of March 31, 2012 was approximately $167 million.

(3)          Redemption of 8.375% Series C Preferred Stock occurred on April 13, 2012.

4.60% investment grade unsecured senior notes payable offering

During the three months ended March 31, 2012, we completed the issuance of our 4.60% unsecured senior notes payable due in February 2022.  Net proceeds of approximately $544.6 million were used to repay outstanding variable rate bank debt, including $250 million of our unsecured senior bank term loan (“2012 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan”), and approximately $294.6 million of outstanding borrowings under our unsecured senior line of credit.

Debt repayments

During the three months ended March 31, 2012, we retired substantially all of our 3.70% unsecured senior convertible notes (“3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes”) and the entire outstanding balance on our 2012 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan.  In conjunction with the retirement of our 2012 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of approximately $0.6 million related to the write-off of unamortized loan fees.

Amendment of $1.5 billion unsecured line of credit

In April 2012, we amended our $1.5 billion unsecured senior line of credit, with Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. as joint lead arrangers; Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent; and certain lenders, to extend the maturity date of our unsecured senior line of credit, provide an accordion option for up to an additional $500 million, and reduce the interest rate for outstanding borrowings. The maturity date of the unsecured senior line of credit was extended to April 2017, assuming provided that we exercise our sole right to extend this maturity date twice by an additional six months after each exercise. Borrowing under the unsecured senior line of credit will bear interest at LIBOR or the base rate specified in the amended credit agreement, plus in either case a specified margin. The Applicable Margin for LIBOR borrowings under the unsecured senior line of credit was set at 1.20%, down from 2.40% in effect immediately prior to the modification. In addition to the Applicable Margin, our unsecured senior line of credit is subject to an annual facility fee of 0.25%.  In connection with the modification of our unsecured senior line of credit in April 2012, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of approximately $1.6 million related to the write-off of a portion of unamortized loan fees.

6.45% series E preferred stock offering

In March 2012, we completed a public offering of 5,200,000 shares of our 6.45% series E cumulative redeemable Preferred Stock (“Series E Preferred Stock”).  The shares were issued at a price of $25.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $124.9 million (after deducting underwriters’ discounts and other offering costs).  The proceeds were initially used to reduce the outstanding borrowings under our unsecured senior line of credit. We then borrowed funds under our unsecured senior line of credit to redeem our 8.375% series C cumulative redeemable preferred stock in April 2012 (“Series C Preferred Stock”).  The dividends on our Series E Preferred Stock are cumulative and accrue from the date of original issuance.  We pay dividends quarterly in arrears at an annual rate of 6.45%, or $1.6125 per share.  Our Series E Preferred Stock has no stated maturity date, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption provisions, and is not redeemable before March 15, 2017, except to preserve our status as a REIT.  On and after March 15, 2017, we may, at our option, redeem the Series E Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at any time for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends on the Series E Preferred Stock up to, but excluding, the redemption date.  In addition, upon the occurrence of a change of control, we may, at our option, redeem the Series E Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, within 120 days after the first date on which such change of control occurred, by paying $25.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends up to, but excluding, the date of redemption.  Investors in our Series E Preferred Stock generally have no voting rights.

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8.375% series C preferred stock redemption

In March 2012, we called for redemption all 5,185,500 outstanding shares of our 8.375% Series C Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to $25.00 per share on the redemption date of April 13, 2012.  Separately, we announced in March 2012, that we would pay a dividend on the Series C Preferred Stock for the holders of record as of March 30, 2012.  The preferred stock redemption liability included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2012, reflects the Series C Preferred Stock at its redemption amount of $129.6 million, excluding the portion relating to the accumulated and unpaid dividends.  As a result of calling our Series C Preferred Stock for redemption in March 2012, we recognized a preferred stock redemption charge of approximately $6.0 million for costs related to the issuance and redemption of our Series C Preferred Stock.  This amount represents the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred to the holders over the carrying amount of the preferred stock.  The accumulated and unpaid dividends relating to the Series C Preferred Stock as of March 31, 2012, have been included in dividends payable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.  The Series C Preferred Stock was redeemed on April 13, 2012.

Real estate asset sales

Disposition
Real Estate Asset Sales – Actual/Projected (in thousands) Amount
Sale of land parcel in March 2012 $ 31,360
Assets held for sale at contract price 16,000 (1)
Projected additional dispositions 64,640
Total projected 2012 dispositions $ 112,000

(1)   Amounts represent aggregate contract sales price. Net assets of these properties were approximately $14.5 million as of March 31, 2012.

Sale of land parcel

In March 2012, we contributed our 55% ownership interest in a land parcel aggregating 414,000 developable square feet in the Longwood Medical Area into a newly formed joint venture (the “Restated JV”) with National Development and Charles River Realty Investors, and admitted as a 50% member, Clarion Partners, LLC, resulting in a reduction of our ownership interest from 55% to 27.5%.  The transfer of 27.5% of our 55% ownership interest to Clarion Partners, LLC, in this real estate venture is accounted for as an in substance partial sale of an interest in the underlying real estate.  In connection with the sale of 27.5% of our 55% ownership interest in the land parcel, we received a special distribution of approximately $22.3 million which included the recognition of a $1.9 million gain on sale of land and approximately $5.4 million from our share of loan refinancing proceeds.  The land parcel we sold during the three months ended March 31, 2012, did not meet the criteria for discontinued operations since the parcel did not have any significant operations prior to disposition. Pursuant to the presentation and disclosure literature on gains/losses on sales or disposals by REITs required by the SEC, gains or losses on sales or disposals by a REIT that do not qualify as discontinued operations are classified below income from discontinued operations in the income statement. Accordingly for the three months ended March 31, 2012, we classified the $1.9 million gain on sale of land below income from discontinued operations, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of income.  Our 27.5% share of the land was sold at approximately $31 million (including closing costs), or approximately $275 per developable square foot.  Upon formation of the Restated JV, the existing $38.4 million non-recourse secured loan was refinanced with a seven-year (including two one-year extension options) non-recourse $213 million construction loan with initial loan proceeds of $50 million.  We do not expect capital contributions through the completion of the project to exceed the approximate $22.3 million in net proceeds received in this transaction. Construction of this $350 million project is expected to commence early in the second quarter of 2012 and the project is 37% pre-leased to Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc.  In addition, we expect to earn development and other fees of approximately $3.5 million through 2015, and recurring annual property management fees thereafter.

Assets held for sale

As of March 31, 2012, we had three properties classified as “held for sale” at an aggregate contract price of $16 million with an aggregate net book value of approximately $14.5 million.

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Investment grade ratings and key credit metrics

In July 2011, we received investment grade ratings from two major rating agencies.  Receipt of our investment grade ratings was a significant milestone for the Company that we believe will provide long-term value to our stockholders.  Key strengths of our balance sheet and business that highlight our investment grade credit profile include, among others, balance sheet liquidity, diverse and creditworthy tenant base, well-located properties proximate to leading research institutions, favorable lease terms, stable occupancy and cash flows, and demonstrated life science and real estate expertise.  This significant milestone broadens our access to another key source of debt capital and allows us to continue to pursue our long-term capital, investment, and operating strategies.  The issuance of investment grade unsecured senior notes payable has allowed us to begin the transition from bank debt financing to unsecured senior notes payable, from variable rate debt to fixed rate debt, and from short-term debt to long-term debt. While this transition of bank debt is in process, we will utilize interest rate swap agreements to reduce our interest rate risk. We expect to keep our unhedged variable rate debt at less than 20% of our total debt.

Three Months<br> Ended March 31,
Key Credit Metrics (1) 2012 2011
Net debt to Adjusted EBITDA 7.1x 7.0x
Net debt to gross assets (2) 36% 39%
Fixed charge coverage ratio 2.6x 2.7x
Interest coverage ratio 3.3x 3.4x
Unencumbered net operating income as a percentage of total net operating income 72% 65%
Liquidity – unsecured senior line of credit availability and unrestricted cash (2) $1.4 billion $0.9 billion
Non-income-producing assets as a percentage of gross real estate (2) 25% 26%
Unhedged variable rate debt as a percentage of total debt (2) 5% 46%
(1) These metrics reflect certain non-GAAP financial measures. See “Non-GAAP Measures” for more information, including definitions and reconciliations to the most directly comparable GAAP measures.
--- ---
(2) At the end of the period.

Unsecured senior notes payable

In February 2012, we completed a public offering of our unsecured senior notes payable, and raised approximately $550 million in principal amount at a stated interest rate of 4.60%.  The unsecured senior notes payable were priced at 99.915% of the principal amount with a yield to maturity of 4.61% and are due on April 1, 2022.  The unsecured senior notes payable are unsecured obligations of the Company and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.  The unsecured senior notes payable rank equally in right of payment with all other senior unsecured indebtedness. However, the unsecured senior notes payable are effectively subordinated to existing and future mortgages and other secured indebtedness (to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness) and to all existing and future preferred equity and liabilities, whether secured or unsecured, of the Company’s subsidiaries, other than Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P.  We used the net proceeds of this offering to prepay the outstanding principal balance of $250 million on our 2012 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan and to reduce the outstanding balance on our unsecured senior line of credit.

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Acquisitions

In February 2012, we acquired 6 Davis Drive, a 100,000 rentable square foot life science laboratory building located in the Research Triangle Park market, for approximately $20 million.  The building is 100% leased to a non-profit research institute.  The property also includes opportunities to develop at least three additional build-to-suit or multi-tenant buildings aggregating at least an additional 450,000 rentable square feet in an excellent location.  We expect to achieve a stabilized yield on cost on a cash and GAAP basis for the operating property of approximately 8.4% and 8.9%, respectively.  Stabilized yield on cost is calculated as the quotient of net operating income and our investment in the property at stabilization (“Stabilized Yield”). These yields assume a purchase price allocation of $11.8 million to the 100,000 rentable square foot operating property and $8.3 million to the land for future additional buildings.

Acquisition Operating Occupancy Purchase Price of Stabilized Yield
Property/Market Date RSF at Acquisition Operating Property Cash GAAP
6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park February 2012 100,000 100% $ 11,806 8.4% 8.9%

Development and redevelopment

In January 2012, we commenced a 100% pre-leased ground-up development of a 170,618 rentable square foot single tenant building at 259 East Grand Avenue in the San Francisco Bay market.  This project is 100% pre-leased to Onyx Pharmaceuticals Inc., and we expect to achieve a Stabilized Yield on both a cash and GAAP basis for this property in the range from 7.8% to 8.2%.  Funding for this property is expected to be provided by a construction loan and borrowings under our unsecured senior line of credit.  We expect to close the construction loan in the second quarter of 2012.

In March 2012, we executed a 154,000 rentable square foot lease with Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc. for 37% of our 414,000 rentable square foot joint venture development project located in the Longwood Medical Area of the Greater Boston market.  Funding for this project is expected to be primarily provided by capital from our recently admitted joint venture partner and a non-recourse construction loan.  Additionally, our share of the funding is expected to be less than the $22.3 million distribution we received upon admittance of the new partner and refinancing of the project.  See Sale of Land Parcel on page 43 for additional information.

Leasing

For the three months ended March 31, 2012, we executed a total of 63 leases for approximately 912,000 rentable square feet at 45 different properties (excluding month-to-month leases).  Of this total, approximately 275,000 rentable square feet related to new or renewal leases of previously leased space (renewed/re-leased space), and approximately 637,000 rentable square feet related to developed, redeveloped, or previously vacant space.  Of the 637,000 rentable square feet, approximately 394,000 rentable square feet related to our development or redevelopment programs, and the remaining approximately 243,000 rentable square feet related to previously vacant space.  Rental rates for this renewed/re-leased space were on average approximately 2.8% lower on a cash basis and approximately 3.3% higher on GAAP basis than rental rates for the respective expiring leases.  Importantly, excluding one lease for 18,000 rentable square feet related to one tenant in the Sorrento Valley submarket in San Diego, rental rates for renewed/re-leased space were on average 7.6% and 1.1% higher than rental rates for expiring leases on a GAAP and cash basis, respectively.  Additionally, we granted tenant concessions, including free rent averaging approximately 1.5 months, with respect to the 912,000 rentable square feet leased during the three months ended March 31, 2012.  Approximately 68% of the number of leases executed during the three months ended March 31, 2012, had no tenant concessions.

As of March 31, 2012, approximately 95% of our leases (on a rentable square footage basis) were triple net leases, requiring tenants to pay substantially all real estate taxes, insurance, utilities, common area expenses, and other operating expenses (including increases thereto) in addition to base rent.  Additionally, approximately 92% of our leases (on a rentable square footage basis) provided for the recapture of certain capital expenditures, and approximately 94% of our leases (on a rentable square footage basis) contained effective annual rent escalations that were either fixed or indexed based on a consumer price index or another index.

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Value-added projects

A key component of our business model is our value-added development and redevelopment programs. These programs are focused on providing high-quality, generic, and reusable life science laboratory space to meet the real estate requirements of a wide range of clients in the life science industry.  Upon completion, each value-added project is expected to generate significant revenues and cash flows.  Our development and redevelopment projects are generally in locations that are highly desirable to life science entities, which we believe results in higher occupancy levels, longer lease terms, and higher rental income and returns.  Redevelopment projects generally consist of the permanent change in use of office, warehouse, and shell space into generic life science laboratory space, including the conversion of single-tenancy space to multi-tenancy space, or vice versa.  Development projects generally consist of the ground-up development of generic and reusable life science laboratory facilities.  We anticipate execution of new active development projects for aboveground vertical construction of new life science laboratory space generally only with significant pre-leasing.  Preconstruction activities include entitlements, permitting, design, site work, and other activities prior to commencement of vertical construction of aboveground shell and core improvements.  Our objective also includes the advancement of preconstruction efforts to reduce the time required to deliver projects to prospective tenants.  These critical activities add significant value for future ground-up development and are required for the vertical construction of buildings.  Ultimately, these projects will provide high-quality facilities for the life science industry and will generate significant revenue and cash flows for the Company.

Projects in India and China represent development opportunities focusing on life science laboratory space for our current client tenants and other life science relationship entities.  These projects focus on real estate investments with targeted returns on investment greater than returns expected in the United States.  We have approximately 459,000 square feet undergoing construction in India.  Additionally, we have a two-building development project located in North China aggregating 292,000 rentable square feet undergoing construction.  Our development, redevelopment, and preconstruction projects as well as certain real estate in Asia are classified as construction in progress.  We are required to capitalize interest and other direct project costs during the period an asset is undergoing activities to prepare it for its intended use.  Capitalization of interest and other direct project costs ceases after a project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use.  Additionally, should activities necessary to prepare an asset for its intended use cease, interest, taxes, insurance, and certain other direct project costs would be expensed as incurred. When construction activities cease and the asset is ready for its intended use, the asset is transferred out of construction in progress and classified as rental properties, net, or land held for future development.

Projected results

As of March 31, 2012, we had seven ground-up development projects in process aggregating approximately 986,828 rentable square feet. We also had eleven projects undergoing conversion into laboratory space through redevelopment aggregating approximately 910,139 rentable square feet.  These projects along with recently delivered projects, certain future projects, and contribution from same properties are expected to contribute significant increases in rental income, net operating income, and cash flows.  Net operating income is projected to increase significantly quarter to quarter to a range from $111 million to $113 million for the three months ended December 31, 2012.  Operating performance assumptions related to the completion of our development and redevelopment projects, including the timing of initial occupancy, stabilization dates, and stabilization yields are included on page 49.  Other key assumptions regarding our projection, including the impact of various development and redevelopment projects, are included in the tables below.

Projected interest expense, net, and related capitalized interest for the year ended December 31, 2012, is expected to decrease from our prior guidance reported on February 22, 2012, by approximately $2.0 million and $1.5 million, respectively, primarily due to the amendment of our $1.5 billion unsecured senior line of credit, which among other changes, reduced the Applicable Margin for LIBOR borrowings under the unsecured senior line of credit to 1.20%, down from 2.40% in effect immediately prior to the amendment.  Certain key assumptions regarding our projected sources and uses of capital are included on page 63.  We expect general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012, to increase from 12% to 14% over the year ended December 31, 2011, compared to our prior guidance of up 5% to 8%.  The increase is primarily due to the timing of hiring additional employees related to the growth in both the depth and breadth of our operations in multiple markets, and other compensation-related expenses.  Since December 31, 2011, our number of employees has increased by approximately 6%.  As a percentage of total revenues, we expect general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012, to be consistent with the year ended December 31, 2011, at approximately 7% to 8% of total revenues.

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The completion of our development and redevelopment projects will also result in increased interest expense and other direct project costs, because these project costs will no longer qualify for capitalization and these costs will be expensed as incurred.  Our projections for general and administrative expenses, capitalization of interest, and interest expense, net, are included in the tables below.  Our projections, including projection of net operating income, are subject to a number of variables and uncertainties, including those discussed under the forward looking statements section of Part I under the headings “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors,” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.  To the extent our full year earnings guidance is updated during the year we will provide additional disclosure supporting reasons for any significant changes to such guidance.  Further, we believe net operating income is a key performance indicator and is useful to investors as a performance measure because, when compared across periods, net operating income reflects the impact on operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, and operating costs, providing perspective not immediately apparent from income from continuing operations.

Key net operating income projection assumptions Year Ended<br> December 31, 2012
Same property net operating income growth — cash basis 3% to 5%
Same property net operating income growth — GAAP basis 0% to 2%
Rental rate steps on lease renewals and re-leasing of space — cash basis Slightly negative/positive
Rental rate steps on lease renewals and re-leasing of space — GAAP basis Up to 5%
Straight-line rents $6.5 million/qtr
Amortization of above and below market leases $0.8 million/qtr
General and administrative expenses in comparison to prior year Up 12% to 14%
Key expense and other projection assumptions
--- ---
Capitalization of interest $55.5 to $61.5 million
Interest expense, net $73 to $79 million
Write-off of unamortized loan fees upon early retirement of the 2012 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan $0.6 million
Write-off of loan fees upon modification of unsecured senior line of credit $1.6 million
Preferred stock redemption charge $6 million

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The following table summarizes our investments in real estate as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 (dollars in thousands, except per square foot amounts):


**** March 31, 2012 December 31, 2011
Book Value Square Feet Cost per<br> Square Foot Book Value Square Feet Cost per<br> Square Foot
Land (related to rental properties) $ 506,136 $ 510,630
Buildings and building improvements 4,473,337 4,417,093
Other improvements 185,653 185,036
Rental properties 5,165,126 13,641,270 $ 379 5,112,759 13,567,997 $ 377
Less: accumulated depreciation (779,177 ) (742,535 )
Rental properties, net 4,385,949 4,370,224
Construction in progress (“CIP”)/current value-added projects:
Active development 231,164 986,828 234 198,644 818,020 243
Active redevelopment 297,031 910,139 326 281,555 919,857 306
Projects in India and China 114,207 751,000 152 106,775 817,000 131
Generic infrastructure/building improvement projects 124,716 92,338
767,118 2,647,967 290 679,312 2,554,877 266
Land/future value-added projects
Land held for future development 387,309 11,662,000 33 341,678 10,939,000 31
Land undergoing preconstruction activities (additional CIP) (1) 547,006 2,244,000 244 574,884 2,668,000 215
934,315 13,906,000 67 916,562 13,607,000 67
Investment in unconsolidated real estate entity 25,870 414,000 62 42,342 414,000 102
Real estate, net 6,113,252 30,609,237 $ 200 6,008,440 30,143,874 $ 199
Add: accumulated depreciation 779,177 742,535
Gross investment in real estate (2) $ 6,892,429 30,609,237 $ 6,750,975 30,143,874

(1)             We generally will not commence ground-up development of any parcels undergoing preconstruction activities without first securing significant pre-leasing for such space.  If vertical aboveground construction is not initiated at completion of preconstruction activities, the land parcel will be classified as land held for future development.  The two largest projects included in preconstruction consist of our 1.6 million developable square feet at Alexandria Center™ at Kendall Square in East Cambridge, Massachusetts, and our 407,000 developable square foot site for the second tower at Alexandria Center™ for Life Science – New York City.

(2)             In addition to assets included in our gross investment in real estate, we hold options/rights for parcels supporting approximately 3.0 million developable square feet.  These parcels consist of: (a) a parcel supporting the future ground-up development of approximately 385,000 rentable square feet in Alexandria Center™ for Life Science – New York City related to an option under our ground lease; (b) a right to acquire land parcels supporting ground-up development of 636,000 rentable square feet in Edinburgh, Scotland; and (c) an option to increase our land use rights by up to approximately 2.0 million additional developable square feet in China.

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The following table provides detail on our development and redevelopment projects as of March 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands):


CIP RSF Investment Stabilized Project Initial
Negotiating/ RSF In In Cost to Complete Total at Yield Start Occupancy Stabilization
Market/Property Leased Committed In CIP Service Service CIP 2012 Thereafter Completion Cash GAAP Date Date Date
Development projects **** **** ****
Greater Boston – Cambridge/Inner Suburbs
225 Binney Street 100% –% 303,143 $ $ 50,576 $ 46,531 $ 65,443 $ 162,550 7.5% 8.1% 4Q11 4Q13 4Q13
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
San Francisco Bay – Mission Bay
409/499 Illinois Street –% –% 222,780 $ $ 104,285 $ 16,292 $ 27,523 $ 148,100 6.7% 7.4% 2Q11 2Q13 2Q14
San Francisco Bay – South SF
259 East Grand Ave. 100% –% 170,618 $ $ 20,693 $ 37,488 $ 22,680 $ 80,861 7.8–8.2% 7.8–8.2% 1Q12 1Q13 3Q15
San Diego – University Town Center
4755 Nexus Center Drive 100% –% 45,255 $ $ 9,959 $ 12,382 $ $ 22,341 7.0% 7.7% 1Q11 3Q12 3Q12
5200 Illumina Way 100% –% 127,373 $ $ 27,162 $ 19,803 $ 2,335 $ 49,300 7.0% 10.8% 4Q10 4Q12 4Q12
Canada 100% –% 26,426 $ $ 8,881 $ 567 $ $ 9,448 7.6% 8.2% 4Q11 2Q12 2Q12
Development Projects 75% –% 895,595 $ $ 221,556 $ 133,063 $ 117,981 $ 472,600
Urban/central business district redevelopment projects
Greater Boston – Cambridge/Inner Suburbs
400 Technology Square 39% –% 212,123 $ $ 80,435 $ 37,035 $ 22,080 $ 139,550 8.1% 9.1% 4Q11 4Q12 4Q13
San Diego – Torrey Pines
3530/3550 John Hopkins Court 100% –% 98,320 $ $ 38,456 $ 11,944 $ $ 50,400 8.6% 9.0% 2Q10 2Q12 3Q12
San Diego – University Town Center
10300 Campus Point Drive 91% –% 189,562 89,576 $ 40,387 $ 25,113 $ 53,897 $ 12,203 $ 131,600 7.6% 7.7% 4Q10 4Q11 3Q12
Seattle – Lake Union
1551 Eastlake Avenue –% 23% 51,455 66,028 $ 26,249 $ 29,029 $ 7,908 $ 824 $ 64,010 7.0% 7.4% 4Q11 4Q11 4Q13
Total urban/central business district redevelopment projects 64% 2% 551,460 155,604 $ 66,636 $ 173,033 $ 110,784 $ 35,107 $ 385,560
San Francisco Bay – South SF
400/450 East Jamie Court 6% 31% 91,233 71,803 $ 46,867 $ 47,480 $ 6,212 $ 7,931 $ 108,490 4.2% 4.3% 4Q06 3Q11 4Q13
Other – 400/450 East Jamie Court (1) $ 37,872 $ (37,872 )
Suburban and other redevelopment projects 11% 46% 358,679 31,624 $ 17,589 $ 147,405 $ 46,458 $ 22,993 $ 234,445 2Q07–1Q12 1Q12–3Q13 2Q12–2Q14
Other – suburban and other redevelopment projects (1) $ 23,407 $ (23,407 )
Projects in India and China 751,000 $ $ 114,207 $ 37,809 TBD $ 152,016
Generic infrastructure/ building improvement projects $ $ 124,716 $ 70,030 TBD $ 194,746
Subtotal 2,647,967 259,031 $ 192,371 $ 767,118 $ 404,356 $ 184,012 $ 1,547,857
Preconstruction 2,244,000 $ $ 547,006 $ 36,814 TBD $ 583,820
Future projected construction projects $ $ $ 40,598 TBD $ 40,598
Total 4,891,967 259,031 $ 192,371 $ 1,314,124 $ 481,768 $ 184,012 $ 2,172,275

(1)              As of the period ended, some portion of the real estate basis associated with the rentable square feet under redevelopment or development was classified as in-service, because activities necessary to prepare the asset for its intended use were no longer in process.  In the near future, we anticipate recommencing activities necessary to prepare the asset for its intended use upon execution of leasing and final decisions related to design of each space.

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The following table summarizes the components of our future value-added square footage as of March 31, 2012:

Market Land Undergoing<br> Preconstruction<br> Activities<br> (additional CIP) Land Held for<br> Future Development Total Land (1) Investment in<br> Unconsolidated Real<br> Estate Entity (2) Future<br> Redevelopment (3)
Greater Boston 1,582,000 225,000 1,807,000 414,000 119,000
San Francisco Bay – Mission Bay 290,000 290,000
San Francisco Bay – South San Francisco 1,024,000 1,024,000 40,000
San Diego 255,000 522,000 777,000 87,000
Greater NYC 407,000 407,000
Suburban Washington, D.C. 1,024,000 1,024,000 416,000
Seattle 1,124,000 1,124,000 80,000
Other non-cluster markets 1,125,000 1,125,000 237,000
International 6,328,000 6,328,000
Total 2,244,000 11,662,000 13,906,000 414,000 979,000

(1)             In addition to assets included in our gross investment in real estate, we hold options/rights for parcels supporting approximately 3.0 million developable square feet.  These parcels consist of: (a) a parcel supporting the future ground-up development of approximately 385,000 rentable square feet in Alexandria Center™ for Life Science – New York City related to an option under our ground lease; (b) a right to acquire land parcels supporting ground-up development of 636,000 rentable square feet in Edinburgh, Scotland; and (c) an option to increase our land use rights by up to approximately 2.0 million additional developable square feet in China.

(2)             Represents an unconsolidated development project in the Longwood Medical Area of the Greater Boston market, a newly formed joint venture with National Development, Charles River Realty Investors, and Clarion Partners, LLC.

(3)             Our asset base also includes non-laboratory space (office, warehouse, and industrial space) identified for future conversion into life science laboratory space through redevelopment.  These spaces are classified in rental properties, net.

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Tenants

Our life science properties are leased principally to a diverse group of tenants, with no tenant accounting for more than 6.4% of our annualized base rent.  The chart below shows tenant business type by annualized base rent as of March 31, 2012:

GRAPHIC

The following table sets forth information regarding leases with our 20 largest client tenants based upon annualized base rent as of March 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands):

Remaining Lease Approximate<br> Aggregate Percentage<br> of<br> Aggregate Percentage<br> of<br> Aggregate Investment Grade Entities (3)
Number Term in Years Rentable Total Annualized Annualized Fitch Moody’s S&P Education/
Tenant of Leases (1) (2) Square Feet Square Feet Base Rent Base Rent Rating Rating Rating Research
1 Novartis AG 7 4.5 4.8 453,000 2.9 % $ 26,437 6.4 % AA Aa2 AA-
2 Eli Lilly and Company 5 9.3 11.0 262,182 1.7 15,146 3.7 A A2 AA-
3 FibroGen, Inc. 1 11.6 11.6 234,249 1.5 14,300 3.5
4 Roche Holding Ltd 4 5.8 6.0 362,592 2.3 14,096 3.4 AA- A1 AA-
5 Illumina, Inc. 1 19.6 19.6 346,581 2.2 13,260 3.2
6 United States Government 8 2.8 2.9 378,526 2.4 11,659 2.8 AAA Aaa AA+
7 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company 3 6.7 6.8 250,454 1.6 10,087 2.5 A+ A2 A+
8 GlaxoSmithKline plc 4 7.3 7.1 182,387 1.2 9,522 2.3 A+ A1 A+
9 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 3 2.8 2.5 178,952 1.1 8,154 2.0 Aaa AAA ü
10 The Regents of the University of California 3 9.4 9.4 182,242 1.2 7,435 1.8 AA+ Aa1 AA ü
11 NYU-Neuroscience Translational Research Institute 2 13.7 12.9 78,597 0.5 6,993 1.7 Aa3 AA- ü
12 Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (4) 1 4.5 4.5 129,424 0.8 6,147 1.5
13 Gilead Sciences, Inc. 1 8.3 8.3 109,969 0.7 5,824 1.4 Baa1 A-
14 Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 3 4.1 4.3 168,308 1.1 5,753 1.4
15 Pfizer Inc. 2 7.2 7.0 116,518 0.7 5,502 1.3 A+ A1 AA
16 The Scripps Research Institute 2 4.7 4.6 99,377 0.6 5,197 1.3 AA- Aa3 ü
17 Quest Diagnostics Incorporated 2 4.4 4.3 280,113 1.8 4,989 1.2 BBB+ Baa2 BBB+
18 Theravance, Inc. (5) 2 8.2 8.2 130,342 0.8 4,895 1.2
19 Infinity Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2 2.8 2.8 67,167 0.4 4,382 1.1
20 Kadmon Corporation, LLC 2 8.7 8.5 46,958 0.3 4,184 1.0
Total/Weighted Average: 58 7.3 7.8 4,057,938 25.8 % $ 183,962 44.7 %

(1)             Represents remaining lease term in years based on percentage of leased square feet.

(2)             Represents remaining lease term in years based on percentage of annualized base rent in effect as of March 31, 2012.

(3)             Ratings obtained from each of the following rating agencies: Fitch Ratings, Moody’s Investors Service, and Standard & Poor’s.

(4)             As of December 31, 2011, Novartis AG owned approximately 13% of the outstanding stock of Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

(5)             As of April 2, 2012, GlaxoSmithKline plc owned approximately 18% of the outstanding stock of Theravance, Inc. The ownership percentage is expected to increase to 27% upon shareholder approval of GlaxoSmithKline plc’s pending stock purchase agreement.

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Location of properties

The locations of our properties are diversified among a number of life science cluster submarkets.  The following table sets forth, as of March 31, 2012, the total rentable square footage, and annualized base rent of our properties in each of our existing markets (dollars in thousands):


Rentable Square Feet % of
Market Operating Develop-<br> ment Redevelop-<br> ment Total % of Total # of<br> Properties Annualized<br> Base Rent (1) Annualized<br> Base Rent
Greater Boston 3,124,941 303,143 329,438 3,757,522 24 % 39 $ 111,991 28 %
San Francisco Bay 2,224,853 484,631 53,980 2,763,464 18 25 83,713 20
San Diego 2,080,547 172,628 374,083 2,627,258 17 35 66,580 16
Greater NYC 705,693 705,693 5 8 32,754 8
Suburban Washington, D.C. 2,439,656 101,183 2,540,839 16 32 53,526 13
Seattle 895,548 51,455 947,003 6 11 33,711 8
Research Triangle Park 941,639 941,639 6 14 19,454 5
Other non-cluster markets 61,002 61,002 2 599
Domestic markets 12,473,879 960,402 910,139 14,344,420 92 166 402,328 98
International 1,069,651 26,426 1,096,077 7 5 8,397 2
Subtotal 13,543,530 986,828 910,139 15,440,497 99 171 $ 410,725 100 %
Discontinued operations 97,740 97,740 1 3
Total 13,641,270 986,828 910,139 15,538,237 100 % 174

(1)     Annualized base rent means the annualized fixed base rental amount in effect as of March 31, 2012 (using rental revenue computed on a straight-line basis in accordance with GAAP).  Represents annualized base rent related to our operating rentable square feet.

Our average occupancy rate for operating properties as of December 31 of each year from 1998 to 2011, and March 31, 2012, was approximately 95.1%. Our average occupancy rate for operating and redevelopment properties as of December 31 of each year from 1998 to 2011, and March 31, 2012, was approximately 89.1%.

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Summary of Lease Expirations

The following table summarizes information with respect to the lease expirations at our properties as of March 31, 2012:

Percentage of Annualized Base Rent of
Year of Lease Expiration Number of Leases Expiring RSF of Expiring Leases Aggregate Total RSF Expiring Leases (per RSF)
2012 57 (1) 868,255 (1) 6.4 % $26.13
2013 89 1,311,036 9.6 29.52
2014 76 1,313,123 9.6 29.74
2015 61 1,225,565 9.0 32.35
2016 50 1,411,192 10.3 30.98
2017 44 1,322,956 9.7 30.44
2018 21 1,124,992 8.2 36.97
2019 13 528,045 3.9 35.43
2020 15 731,631 5.4 40.33
2021 18 611,863 4.5 38.44
Annualized Base
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
2012 RSF of Expiring Leases Rent of
Negotiating/ Targeted for Remaining Expiring Leases
Market Leased Anticipating Redevelopment Expiring Leases Total (per RSF) Market Rent (2)
Greater Boston 7,426 23,708 97,402 128,536 $ 32.89 $30.00 - $55.00
San Francisco Bay 5,087 32,074 44,326 81,487 30.50 $30.00 - $42.00
San Diego 50,274 76,791 38,507 165,572 25.42 $24.00 - $36.00
Greater NYC 7,239 7,239 13.24 N/A
Suburban Washington, D.C. 69,679 13,776 105,000 97,554 286,009 23.55 $12.00 - $27.00
Seattle 2,468 46,216 66,146 39,110 153,940 27.82 $20.00 - $48.00
Research Triangle Park 16,795 28,677 45,472 14.33 $10.00 - $30.00
Other non-cluster markets N/A
International N/A
Total 129,847 105,582 280,011 352,815 868,255 (1) $ 26.13
Percentage of expiring leases 15% 12% 32% 41% 100%
Annualized Base
--- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
2013 RSF of Expiring Leases Rent of
Negotiating/ Targeted for Remaining Expiring Leases
Market Leased Anticipating Redevelopment Expiring Leases Total (per RSF) Market Rent (2)
Greater Boston 149,793 340,819 490,612 $ 34.72 $30.00 - $55.00
San Francisco Bay 64,696 249,889 314,585 26.76 $30.00 - $42.00
San Diego 9,849 14,030 128,876 152,755 21.35 $24.00 - $36.00
Greater NYC N/A
Suburban Washington, D.C. 61,451 197,115 258,566 30.40 $12.00 - $27.00
Seattle 15,373 15,373 28.18 $20.00 - $48.00
Research Triangle Park 12,810 35,522 48,332 22.52 $10.00 - $30.00
Other non-cluster markets 6,324 17,653 23,977 17.68 $14.00 - $22.00
International 6,836 6,836 26.78 $16.00 - $26.00
Total 9,849 295,074 14,030 992,083 1,311,036 $ 29.52
Percentage of expiring leases 1% 23% 1% 75% 100%

(1)             Excludes seven month-to-month leases for approximately 11,000 rentable square feet.

(2)             Based upon rental rates achieved in recently executed leases.

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Results of operations

The following table presents information regarding our asset base and value-added projects as of March 31, 2012 and 2011:

March 31,
Rentable square feet 2012 2011
Operating properties 13,641,270 12,435,227
Development properties 986,828 479,751
Redevelopment properties 910,139 784,671
Total rentable square feet 15,538,237 13,699,649
Number of properties 174 168
Occupancy – operating 94.2% 94.2%
Occupancy – operating and redevelopment 87.9% 88.6%
Annualized base rent per leased rentable square foot $ 34.17 $ 33.90

As a result of changes within our total property portfolio, the financial data presented in the table on the following page shows significant changes in revenue and expenses from period to period. In order to supplement an evaluation of our results of operations over a given period, we analyze the operating performance for all properties that were fully operating for the entire periods presented (herein referred to as “Same Properties”) separate from properties acquired subsequent to the first period presented, properties undergoing active development and active redevelopment, and corporate entities (legal entities performing general and administrative functions), which are excluded from same property results (herein referred to as “Non-Same Properties”). Additionally, rental revenues from lease termination fees, if any, are excluded from the results of the Same Properties.  For the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, our Same Properties consisted of 141 operating properties aggregating approximately 10.6 million rentable square feet with occupancy of 93.9% and 94.0% at the end of each period, respectively.

Net operating income is a non-GAAP financial measure equal to income from continuing operations, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, plus loss from early extinguishment of debt, depreciation and amortization, interest expense, and general and administrative expense. We believe net operating income provides useful information to investors regarding our financial condition and results of operations because it reflects only those income and expense items that are incurred at the property level. Therefore, we believe net operating income is a useful measure for evaluating the operating performance of our real estate assets.

Further, we believe net operating income is useful to investors as a performance measure because when compared across periods, net operating income reflects the impact on operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, and operating costs, providing perspective not immediately apparent from income from continuing operations.  Net operating income excludes certain components from income from continuing operations in order to provide results that are more closely related to the results of operations of our properties. For example, interest expense is not necessarily linked to the operating performance of a real estate asset and is often incurred at the corporate level rather than at the property level.  In addition, depreciation and amortization, because of historical cost accounting and useful life estimates, may distort operating performance at the property level.  Net operating income presented by us may not be comparable to net operating income reported by other equity REITs that define net operating income differently.  We believe that in order to facilitate a clear understanding of our operating results, net operating income should be examined in conjunction with income from continuing operations as presented in our condensed consolidated statements of income.  Net operating income should not be considered as an alternative to income from continuing operations as an indication of our performance or as an alternative to cash flows as a measure of liquidity or our ability to make distributions.

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Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2012, to the three months ended March 31, 2011

The following table presents a comparison of the components of net operating income for our Same Properties and Non-Same Properties for the three months ended March 31, 2012, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2011, and a reconciliation of net operating income to income from continuing operations, the most directly comparable financial measure (dollars in thousands):

**** Three Months Ended March 31, ****
**** 2012 2011 Change **** % Change ****
Revenues: **** **** **** ****
Rental – Same Properties $ 86,480 $ 86,164 %
Rental – Non-Same Properties 21,305 20,089 1,216 6
Total rental 107,785 106,253 1,532 1
Tenant recoveries – Same Properties 28,937 29,477 (540 ) (2 )
Tenant recoveries – Non-Same Properties 5,615 3,413 2,202 65
Total tenant recoveries 34,552 32,890 1,662 5
Other income – Same Properties 46 (8 ) 54 (675 )
Other income – Non-Same Properties 2,583 785 1,798 229
Total other income 2,629 777 1,852 238
Total revenues – Same Properties 115,463 115,633 (170 )
Total revenues – Non-Same Properties 29,503 24,287 5,216 21
Total revenues 144,966 139,920 5,046 4
Expenses:
Rental operations – Same Properties 33,969 33,548 421 1
Rental operations – Non-Same Properties 9,441 7,513 1,928 26
Total rental operations 43,410 41,061 2,349 6
Net operating income:
Net operating income – Same Properties 81,494 82,085 (591 ) (1 )
Net operating income – Non-Same Properties 20,062 16,774 3,288 20
Total net operating income 101,556 98,859 2,697 3
Other expenses:
General and administrative 10,361 9,497 864 9
Interest 16,227 17,810 (1,583 ) (9 )
Depreciation and amortization 43,405 36,582 6,823 19
Loss on early extinguishment of debt 623 2,495 (1,872 ) (75 )
Total other expenses 70,616 66,384 4,232 6
Income from continuing operations $ 30,940 $ 32,475 ) (5 )%

All values are in US Dollars.

Rental revenues

Total rental revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2012, increased by $1.5 million, or 1%, to $107.8 million, compared to $106.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011.  The increase was due to rental revenues from our Non-Same Properties, including two ground-up development projects that were completed and delivered after January 1, 2011, and three operating properties that were acquired subsequent to January 1, 2011.

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Tenant recoveries

Total tenant recoveries for the three months ended March 31, 2012, increased by $1.7 million, or 5%, to $34.6 million, compared to $32.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011.  The increase was primarily due to an increase in tenant recoveries of approximately $2.2 million from our Non-Same Properties, including two ground-up development projects that were completed and delivered after January 1, 2011, and three operating properties that were acquired subsequent to January 1, 2011.  As of March 31, 2012, approximately 95% of our leases (on a rentable square footage basis) were triple net leases, requiring tenants to pay substantially all real estate taxes, insurance, utilities, common area expenses, and other operating expenses (including increases thereto) in addition to base rent.

Other income

Other income for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, of $2.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively, represents construction management fees, interest, investment income, and storage income.  The increase of approximately $1.8 million is primarily due to an increase in investment income of approximately $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2011.

Rental operating expenses

Total rental operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2012, increased by $2.3 million, or 6%, to $43.4 million, compared to $41.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011.  Approximately $1.8 million of the increase was from an increase in rental operating expenses from our Non-Same Properties, including two ground-up development projects that were completed and delivered after January 1, 2011, and three operating properties that were acquired subsequent to January 1, 2011.  The remaining $0.4 million increase was from increases in rental operating expenses from our Same Properties.  The increase in rental operating expenses at our Same Properties was primarily attributable to an increase in property taxes, utilities, and common area repair and maintenance expenses.

General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2012, increased by $0.9 million, or 9%, to $10.4 million, compared to $9.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011.  As a percentage of total revenues, general and administrative expenses remained consistent for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, at approximately 7% of total revenues.

Interest expense

Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2012, decreased by $1.6 million, or 9%, to $16.2 million compared to $17.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011, detailed as follows (in thousands):

Three Months Ended March 31,
Interest expense 2012 2011 Change
Secured notes payable $ 10,109 $ 11,880 $ (1,771 )
Unsecured senior notes payable 2,182 2,182
Unsecured senior line of credit 5,786 4,825 961
Unsecured senior bank term loans 4,728 3,054 1,674
Interest rate swap agreements 5,775 5,439 336
Unsecured senior convertible notes 222 3,465 (3,243 )
Amortization of loan fees and other 2,691 2,340 351
Capitalized interest (15,266 ) (13,193 ) (2,073 )
Total interest expense $ 16,227 $ 17,810 $ (1,583 )

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The decrease in total interest expense of $1.6 million was due to a decrease in interest expense on our secured notes payable and unsecured senior convertible notes, and was partially offset by increases in interest expense on our unsecured senior notes payable and unsecured senior bank term loans.  Interest on our secured notes payable decreased primarily due to the repayments of seven secured notes payable approximating $55.7 million since March 31, 2011.  Interest on unsecured senior convertible notes decreased due to the repurchases of our 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes aggregating $204.9 million since March 2011.  The increase in interest expense on our unsecured senior bank term loans was primarily attributable to an increase in outstanding unsecured senior bank term loans from $1.0 billion at March 31, 2011, to $1.4 billion at March 31, 2012.  We have entered into certain interest rate swap agreements to hedge a portion of our exposure primarily related to variable interest rates associated with our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loans (see “Liquidity and Capital Resources — Contractual Obligations – Interest Rate Swap Agreements”).

Depreciation and amortization

Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended March 31, 2012, increased by $6.8 million, or 19%, to $43.4 million, compared to $36.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011.  The increase resulted primarily from depreciation associated with two ground-up development projects that were completed and delivered after January 1, 2011, and three operating properties that were acquired subsequent to January 1, 2011.

Loss on early extinguishment of debt

During the three months ended March 31, 2012, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of approximately $0.6 million related to the write-off of unamortized loan fees, as a result of the early repayment of $250 million of our 2012 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan.  During the three months ended March 31, 2011, we recognized an aggregate loss on early extinguishment of debt of approximately $2.5 million related to the repurchase, in privately negotiated transactions, of approximately $96.1 million of our 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes.

(Loss) income from discontinued operations, net

Loss from discontinued operations, net, of $29,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2012, reflects the results of operations of three properties classified as “held for sale” as of March 31, 2012.  Income from discontinued operations, net, of $150,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2011, reflects the results of operations of three properties classified as “held for sale” as of March 31, 2012, and the results of operating of one property sold during the three months ended December 31, 2011.

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Liquidity and capital resources

Overview

We expect to meet certain long-term liquidity requirements, such as for property acquisitions, development, redevelopment, other construction projects, capital improvements, tenant improvements, leasing costs, non-incremental revenue generating expenditures, and scheduled debt maturities, through net cash provided by operating activities, periodic asset sales, and long-term secured and unsecured indebtedness, including borrowings under our unsecured senior notes payable, unsecured senior line of credit, unsecured senior bank term loans, and the issuance of additional debt and/or equity securities.

We expect to continue meeting our short-term liquidity and capital requirements, as further detailed in this section, generally through our working capital and net cash provided by operating activities.  We believe that the net cash provided by operating activities will continue to be sufficient to enable us to make distributions necessary to continue qualifying as a REIT.

Over the next several years, our balance sheet, capital structure, and liquidity objectives are as follows:

·                  Reduce leverage as a percentage of total gross assets and improve our ratio of debt to earnings before interest, taxes, and depreciation and amortization;

·                  Maintain diverse sources of capital, including sources from net cash flows from operating activities, unsecured debt, secured debt, selective asset sales, joint ventures, perpetual preferred stock, and common stock;

·                  Manage the amount of debt maturing in a single year;

·                  Refinance outstanding medium-term variable rate bank debt with longer-term fixed rate debt;

·                  Mitigate unhedged variable rate debt exposure by transitioning our balance sheet debt from short-term and medium-term variable rate bank debt to long-term unsecured fixed rate debt and utilizing interest rate swap agreements in the interim period during this transition of debt;

·                  Maintain adequate liquidity from net cash provided by operating activities, cash and cash equivalents, and available borrowing capacity under our unsecured senior line of credit;

·                  Maintain available borrowing capacity under our unsecured senior line of credit in excess of 50% of the total commitments of $1.5 billion, except temporarily as necessary;

·                  Fund preferred stock and common stock dividends from net cash provided by operating activities;

·                  Retain net positive cash flows from operating activities after payment of dividends for reinvestment in acquisitions and/or development and redevelopment projects; and

·                  Reduce our non-income-producing assets as a percentage of our gross investment in real estate.

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Cash flows

We report and analyze our cash flows based on operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities.  The following table summarizes changes in the Company’s cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended March 31,
2012 2011 Change
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 49,685 $ 44,468 $ 5,217
Net cash used in investing activities (124,248 ) (86,262 ) (37,986 )
Net cash provided by financing activities 71,351 29,700 41,651

Operating activities

Cash flows provided by operating activities consisted of the following amounts (in thousands):

Three Months Ended March 31,
2012 2011 Change
Net cash provided by operating activities $ 49,685 $ 44,468 $ 5,217
Changes in assets and liabilities 19,801 21,504 (1,703 )
Net cash provided by operating activities before changes in assets and liabilities $ 69,486 $ 65,972 $ 3,514

Net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2012, increased by $5.2 million, or 12%, to $49.7 million, compared to $44.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011.  The increase resulted primarily from an increase in net operating income from completed and leased development and redevelopment spaces, and increased revenues from three operating properties that were acquired subsequent to January 1, 2011.  Net cash provided by operating activities before changes in assets and liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2012, increased by $3.5 million, to $69.5 million, compared to $66.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011.   We believe our cash flows from operating activities provide a stable source of cash to fund operating expenses.  As of March 31, 2012, approximately 95% of our leases (on a rentable square footage basis) were triple net leases, requiring tenants to pay substantially all real estate taxes, insurance, utilities, common area expenses, and other operating expenses (including increases thereto) in addition to base rent.  Our average occupancy rate for operating properties as of March 31, 2012, and December 31 of each year from 1998 to 2011 was approximately 95.1%.  Our average occupancy rate for operating and redevelopment properties as of March 31, 2012, and December 31 of each year from 1998 to 2011 was approximately 89.1%.

Investing activities

Net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2012, was $124.2 million, compared to $86.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011.  This increase consisted of the following amounts (in thousands):

Three Months Ended March 31,
2012 2011 Change
Additions to properties $ (120,585 ) $ (74,287 ) $ (46,298 )
Purchase of properties (19,946 ) (7,458 ) (12,488 )
Proceeds from sale of land parcel 22,250 22,250
Other (5,967 ) (4,517 ) (1,450 )
Net cash used in investing activities $ (124,248 ) $ (86,262 ) $ (37,986 )

The increase in net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2012, is primarily due to increased capital expenditures related to our redevelopment and development projects, as well as our acquisition of 6 Davis Drive in the Research Triangle Park market during the three months ended March 31, 2012.

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Acquisitions

In February 2012, we acquired 6 Davis Drive, a 100,000 rentable square foot life science laboratory building located in the Research Triangle Park market, for approximately $20 million.  The building is 100% leased to a non-profit research institute.  The property also includes opportunities to develop at least three additional build-to-suit or multi-tenant buildings aggregating at least an additional 450,000 rentable square feet in an excellent location.  We expect to achieve a Stabilized Yield on cost on a cash and GAAP basis for the operating property of approximately 8.4% and 8.9%, respectively.  These yields assume a purchase price allocation of $11.8 million to the 100,000 rentable square foot operating property and $8.3 million to the land for future additional buildings.

Acquisition Operating Occupancy Purchase Price of Stabilized Yield
Property/Market Date RSF at Acquisition Operating Property Cash GAAP
6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park February 2012 100,000 100% $ 11,806 8.4% 8.9%

Capital expenditures and tenant improvements

See discussion in “Uses of Capital – Capital Expenditures, Tenant Improvements, and Leasing Costs.”

Financing activities

Net cash flows provided by financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2012, increased by $41.7 million, to $71.4 million, compared to $29.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2011.  This increase consisted of the following amounts (in thousands):

Three Months Ended March 31,
2012 2011 Change
Proceeds from issuance of unsecured senior notes payable $ 544,649 $ $ 544,649
Principal reductions of secured notes payable (2,688 ) (2,991 ) 303
Principal borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit 248,000 460,000 (212,000 )
Repayments of borrowings from unsecured senior line of credit (451,000 ) (279,000 ) (172,000 )
Repayment of unsecured senior term loan (250,000 ) (250,000 )
Repurchases of unsecured senior convertible notes (83,801 ) (98,590 ) 14,789
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock 124,868 124,868
Dividend payments (37,475 ) (32,012 ) (5,463 )
Other (21,202 ) (17,707 ) (3,495 )
Net cash provided by financing activities $ 71,351 $ 29,700 $ 41,651

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Debt issuance

During the three months ended March 31, 2012, we completed the issuance of our unsecured senior notes payable, as summarized in the table below (in thousands):

As of March 31, 2012
Maturity Amount<br> Outstanding (1) Effective<br> Interest Rate (2) Date<br> of Issuance
Unsecured senior notes payable 4/1/2022 $ 549,536 4.61% 2/29/2012

(1)          Amount outstanding is presented net of $0.5 million of unamortized discount.

(2)          Effective interest rate on issuance date including the effects of discounts on the notes.

Debt repayments

During the three months ended March 31, 2012, we retired substantially all of our 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes and the entire $250 million outstanding balance on our 2012 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan.  In conjunction with the retirement of our 2012 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan, we recognized a charge of approximately $0.6 million related to the write-off of unamortized loan fees. The following table outlines certain debt repayments for the three months ended March 31, 2012 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended March 31, 2012
Loss on Early
Debt Extinguishment
Repayments of Debt
Repurchase of 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes $ 83,801 $
Repayment of 2012 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan 250,000 623
$ 333,801 $ 623

6.45% series E preferred stock offering

In March 2012, we completed a public offering of 5,200,000 shares of our 6.45% Series E Preferred Stock.  The shares were issued at a price of $25.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $124.9 million (after deducting underwriters’ discounts and other offering costs).  The proceeds were initially used to reduce the outstanding borrowings under our unsecured senior line of credit. We then borrowed funds under our unsecured senior line of credit to redeem our “Series C Preferred Stock”.  The dividends on our Series E Preferred Stock are cumulative and accrue from the date of original issuance.  We pay dividends quarterly in arrears at an annual rate of 6.45%, or $1.6125 per share.  Our Series E Preferred Stock has no stated maturity date, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption provisions, and is not redeemable before March 15, 2017, except to preserve our status as a REIT.  On and after March 15, 2017, we may, at our option, redeem the Series E Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at any time for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends on the Series E Preferred Stock up to, but excluding, the redemption date.  In addition, upon the occurrence of a change of control, we may, at our option, redeem the Series E Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, within 120 days after the first date on which such change of control occurred, by paying $25.00 per share, plus any accrued and unpaid dividends up to, but excluding, the date of redemption.  Investors in our Series E Preferred Stock generally have no voting rights.

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8.375% series C preferred stock redemption

In March 2012, we called for redemption all 5,185,500 outstanding shares of our 8.375% Series C Preferred Stock at a redemption price equal to $25.00 per share on the redemption date of April 13, 2012.  Separately, we announced in March 2012, that we would pay a dividend on the Series C Preferred Stock for the holders of record as of March 30, 2012.  The preferred stock redemption liability included in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2012, reflects the Series C Preferred Stock at its redemption amount of $129.6 million, excluding the portion relating to the accumulated and unpaid dividends.  As a result of calling our Series C Preferred Stock for redemption in March 2012, we recognized a preferred stock redemption charge of approximately $6.0 million for costs related to the issuance and redemption of our Series C Preferred Stock.  This amount represents the excess of the fair value of the consideration transferred to the holders over the carrying amount of the preferred stock.  The accumulated and unpaid dividends relating to the Series C Preferred Stock as of March 31, 2012, have been included in dividends payable in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.  The Series C Preferred Stock was redeemed on April 13, 2012.

Dividends

During the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, we paid the following dividends (in thousands):

Three Months Ended
March 31,
2012 2011 Change
Common stock dividends $ 30,386 $ 24,923 $ 5,463
Series C Preferred Stock dividends 2,714 2,714
Series D Preferred Stock dividends 4,375 4,375
$ 37,475 $ 32,012 $ 5,463

The increase in dividends paid on our common stock is due to an increase in dividends to $0.49 per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2012, from $0.45 per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2011.  The increase was also due to an increase in common stock outstanding.  Total common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2011, was 61,560,472 shares, compared to 54,966,925 shares as of December 31, 2010. Total common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2012, was 61,634,645 shares, compared to 55,049,730 shares as of March 31, 2011.

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Sources and uses of capital

We expect that our principal liquidity needs for the year ended December 31, 2012, will be satisfied by the following multiple sources of capital as shown in the table below. There can be no assurance that our sources and uses of capital will not be materially higher or lower than these expectations.

Guidance for the Year Ended December 31, 2012 (in millions) Completed Projected Total
Sources of capital
Net cash provided by operating activities less dividends $ 12 $ 64 $ 76 (2)
Asset and land sales 31 81 112 (3)
Unsecured senior notes payable 550 550
Secured construction financing 24 24
Series E Preferred Stock issuance 125 125
Debt, equity, and joint venture capital (84 ) (4) 331 (5) 247 (6)
Total sources of capital $ 634 $ 500 $ 1,134
Uses of capital
Development, redevelopment, and construction $ 130 $ 482 $ 612 (7)
Acquisitions 36 10 46
Secured debt repayments 3 8 11 (8)
2012 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan repayment 250 250 (8)
3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes repurchase 85 85 (8)
Series C Preferred Stock Redemption 130 130 (8)
Total uses of capital $ 634 $ 500 $ 1,134

(1)             Includes actuals through March 31, 2012, and projections through December 31, 2012.

(2)             See table of “Key net operating income projection assumptions and Key expense and other projection assumptions” on page 47.

(3)             Represents an estimate of sources of capital from asset and land sales, including sale of land parcel for $31 million in March 2012, properties “held for sale” as of March 31, 2012, with a contract price of approximately $16 million, and projected additional dispositions of approximately $65 million.

(4)             Represents additional amounts used to pay down outstanding borrowings on our unsecured senior line of credit.

(5)             Includes $129.6 million of borrowings under our $1.5 billion unsecured senior line of credit on April 13, 2012, related to the redemption of our 8.375% Series C Preferred Stock.

(6)             Represents an estimate of sources of capital from debt, equity, and joint ventures in order to fund our projected uses of capital.

(7)             See “Cost to Complete” columns in the tables related to construction in progress (page 49) for additional details underlying this estimate.

(8)             Based upon contractually scheduled payments or maturity dates.

The key assumptions behind the sources and uses of capital in the table above are a favorable capital market environment and performance of our core operations in areas such as delivery of current and future development and redevelopment projects and leasing activity and renewals. Our expected sources and uses of capital are subject to a number of variables and uncertainties, including those discussed under the forward looking statements section in Part I under the headings “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors,” of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011. We expect to update our forecast of sources and uses of capital on a quarterly basis.

Sources of capital

Unsecured senior notes payable

In February 2012, we completed a $550 million public offering of our unsecured senior notes payable at a stated interest rate of 4.60%.  The unsecured senior notes payable were priced at 99.915% of the principal amount with a yield to maturity of 4.61% and are due April 1, 2022.  The unsecured senior notes payable are unsecured obligations of the Company and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.  The unsecured senior notes payable rank equally in right of payment with all other senior unsecured indebtedness. However, the unsecured senior notes payable are effectively subordinated to existing and future mortgages and other secured indebtedness (to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness) and to all existing and future preferred equity and liabilities, whether secured or unsecured, of the Company’s subsidiaries, other than Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P.  We used the net proceeds of this offering to prepay the outstanding principal balance of $250 million on our 2012 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan and to reduce the outstanding balance on our unsecured senior line of credit.

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Unsecured senior line of credit

We use our unsecured senior line of credit to fund working capital, construction activities, and, from time to time, acquisition of properties.  As of March 31, 2012, we had $1.3 billion available under our $1.5 billion unsecured senior line of credit.

Cash and cash equivalents

As of March 31, 2012, we had approximately $77.4 million of cash and cash equivalents.

Restricted cash

Restricted cash consisted of the following as of March 31, 2012, and December 31, 2011 (in thousands):

March 31,<br> 2012 December 31,<br>  2011
Funds held in trust under the terms of certain secured notes payable $ 18,827 $ 12,724
Funds held in escrow related to construction projects 5,648 5,648
Other restricted funds 15,328 4,960
Total $ 39,803 $ 23,332

The funds held in escrow related to construction projects will be used to pay for certain construction costs.

Uses of capital

Capital expenditures, tenant improvements, and leasing costs

The following table summarizes the components of our total capital expenditures for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, which includes interest, property taxes, insurance, payroll costs, and other indirect project costs (in thousands):

Three Months Ended<br> March 31,
**** 2012 2011
Development $ 32,957 $ 11,567
Redevelopment 46,273 18,909
Preconstruction 4,900 13,041
Projects in India and China 16,952 22,490
Generic infrastructure/building improvement projects (1) 29,185 10,475
Total construction spending $ 130,267 $ 76,482

(1)          Includes amounts shown in table on the following page.

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The following table summarizes the components of our total projected capital expenditures for the remainder of the year ended December 31, 2012, and the period thereafter. Expenditures include indirect project costs, including interest, property taxes, insurance, and payroll costs (in thousands):

Nine Months<br> Ended December 31,<br> 2012 Thereafter
Development $ 139,275 $ 125,912
Redevelopment 157,242 58,100
Preconstruction 36,814 TBD (1)
Projects in India and China 37,809 TBD (1)
Generic infrastructure/building improvement projects 70,030 TBD (1)
Future projected construction projects 40,598 TBD (1)
Total construction spending $ 481,768 $ 184,012

(1)          Estimated spending beyond 2012 related to preconstruction, projects in India and China, generic infrastructure improvements, major capital spending, and projected construction projects will be determined at a future date and is contingent upon many factors.

The table below shows the average per square foot property-related non-revenue-enhancing capital expenditures, tenant improvements, and leasing costs (excluding capital expenditures and tenant improvements that are recoverable from tenants, revenue-enhancing, or related to properties that have undergone redevelopment) for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011:

Three Months Ended<br> March 31,
Non-incremental revenue generating capital expenditures (1): 2012 2011
Major capital expenditures $ $ 287,500
Other building improvements $ 210,083 $ 320,500
Square feet in asset base 13,495,952 13,198,744
Per square foot:
Major capital expenditures $ $ 0.02
Other building improvements $ 0.02 $ 0.02
Tenant improvements and leasing costs:
Re-tenanted space (2)
Tenant improvements and leasing costs $ 672,733 $ 255,990
Re-tenanted square feet 63,241 66,353
Per square foot $ 10.64 $ 3.86
Renewal space
Tenant improvements and leasing costs $ 1,345,072 $ 546,936
Renewal square feet 211,288 267,058
Per square foot $ 6.37 $ 2.05
(1) Major capital expenditures consist of roof replacements and HVAC systems that are typically identified and considered at the time a property is acquired. Other building improvements exclude major capital expenditures.
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(2) Excludes space that has undergone redevelopment before re-tenanting.

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We expect our future capital expenditures, tenant improvements, and leasing costs (excluding capital expenditures and tenant improvements that are recoverable from tenants, revenue-enhancing, or related to properties that have undergone redevelopment) on a per square foot basis to be approximately in the amount shown in the preceding table.

Capitalized interest for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, of approximately $15.3 million and $13.2 million, respectively, is included in investments in real estate, net, on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets, as well as the table on the preceding page summarizing total capital expenditures.  In addition, we capitalized payroll and other indirect project costs related to development, redevelopment, and construction projects, including projects in India and China, aggregating approximately $3.1 million and $4.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively. Such costs are also included in the table on the preceding page.

We capitalize interest cost as a cost of the project only during the period for which activities necessary to prepare an asset for its intended use are ongoing, provided that expenditures for the asset have been made and interest cost is incurred.  Indirect project costs, including personnel, construction administration, legal fees, and office costs that clearly relate to projects under construction are capitalized during the period in which activities necessary to prepare the asset for its intended use take place.  Additionally, should activities necessary to prepare an asset for its intended use cease, interest, taxes, insurance, and certain other direct project costs related to this asset would be expensed as incurred.  When construction activities cease and the asset is ready for its intended use, the asset is transferred out of construction in progress and classified as rental properties, net.  Additionally, if vertical aboveground construction is not initiated at completion of preconstruction activities, the land parcel will be classified as land held for future development.  Expenditures for repair and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

We also capitalize and defer initial direct costs to originate leases with independent third parties related to evaluating a prospective lessee’s financial condition, negotiating lease terms, preparing the lease agreement, and closing the lease transaction. Costs that we have capitalized and deferred relate to successful leasing transactions, result directly from and are essential to the lease transaction, and would not have been incurred had that leasing transaction not occurred.  The initial direct costs capitalized and deferred also include the portion of our employees’ total compensation and payroll-related fringe benefits directly related to time spent performing activities previously described and related to the respective lease that would not have been performed but for that lease. Total initial direct leasing costs capitalized during the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, were approximately $11.5 million and $14.8 million, respectively, of which approximately $2.4 million and $3.8 million, respectively, represented capitalized and deferred payroll costs directly related and essential to our leasing activities during such periods.

Acquisitions

In February 2012, we acquired 6 Davis Drive, a 100,000 rentable square foot life science laboratory building located in the Research Triangle Park market, for approximately $20 million.  The building is 100% leased to a non-profit research institute.  The property also includes opportunities to develop at least three additional build-to-suit or multi-tenant buildings aggregating at least an additional 450,000 rentable square feet in an excellent location.  We expect to achieve a Stabilized Yield on a cash and GAAP basis for the operating property of approximately 8.4% and 8.9%, respectively.  These yields assume a purchase price allocation of $11.8 million to the 100,000 rentable square foot operating property and $8.3 million to the land for future additional buildings.

Acquisition Operating Occupancy Purchase Price of Stabilized Yield
Property/Market Date RSF at Acquisition Operating Property Cash GAAP
6 Davis Drive, Research Triangle Park February 2012 100,000 100% $ 11,806 8.4% 8.9%

Dividends

We are required to distribute 90% of our REIT taxable income on an annual basis in order to continue to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.  Accordingly, we intend to make, but are not contractually bound to make, regular quarterly distributions to preferred and common stockholders from cash flow from operating activities.  All such distributions are at the discretion of our Board of Directors.  We may be required to use borrowings under our unsecured senior line of credit, if necessary, to meet REIT distribution requirements and maintain our REIT status.  We consider market factors and our performance in addition to REIT requirements in determining distribution levels.  Our forecasts of taxable income and distributions do not require significant increases in our annual common stock dividends on a per share basis in order to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income for the period January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2012.

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Contractual obligations and commitments

Contractual obligations as of March 31, 2012, consisted of the following (in thousands):

Payments by Period
Total 2012 2013-2014 2015-2016 Thereafter
Secured notes payable (1) (2) $ 722,437 $ 8,170 $ 357,852 $ 240,625 $ 115,790
Unsecured senior notes payable (1) (3) 550,000 550,000
Unsecured senior line of credit (4) 167,000 167,000
2016 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan (5) 750,000 750,000
2017 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan (6) 600,000 600,000
Unsecured senior convertible notes (1) 1,250 250 1,000
Estimated interest payments on fixed rate and hedged variable rate debt (7) 270,949 85,929 115,012 37,851 32,157
Estimated interest payments on variable rate debt (8) 71,836 4,224 23,263 43,451 898
Ground lease obligations 683,400 9,379 21,333 20,429 632,259
Other obligations (9) 56,071 1,331 1,645 1,809 51,286
Total $ 3,872,943 $ 109,033 $ 519,355 $ 1,261,165 $ 1,983,390

(1)          Amounts represent principal amounts due and exclude unamortized discounts reflected on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

(2)          Amounts include noncontrolling interests’ share of scheduled principal maturities of approximately $21.4 million, of which approximately $20.9 million matures in 2014.  See “Secured Notes Payable” below for additional information.

(3)          In February 2012, we completed a $550 million public offering of unsecured senior notes payable at a stated interest rate of 4.60%.  The unsecured senior notes payable were priced at 99.915% of the principal amount with a yield to maturity of 4.61% and are due April 1, 2022.

(4)          The maturity date of our unsecured senior line of credit is January 2015, assuming we exercise our sole right to extend the maturity twice by an additional six months.  See “Unsecured senior line of credit” below for additional information.

(5)          Our 2016 unsecured senior bank term loan (“2016 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan”) matures in June 2016, assuming we exercise our sole right to extend the maturity by one year.

(6)         Our 2017 unsecured senior bank term loan (“2017 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan”) matures in January 2017, assuming we exercise our sole right to extend the maturity by one year.

(7)          Estimated interest payments on our fixed rate debt and hedged variable rate debt were calculated based upon contractual interest rates, including the impact of interest rate swap agreements, interest payment dates, and scheduled maturity dates.

(8)          The interest payments on variable rate debt were calculated based on the interest rates in effect as of March 31, 2012.

(9)          Includes our share, of approximately $48.4 million, of minimum borrowing amounts related to a secured note payable due in 2017 held by our unconsolidated real estate entity.

Secured notes payable

Secured notes payable as of March 31, 2012, consisted of 13 notes secured by 38 properties.  Our secured notes payable typically require monthly payments of principal and interest; they had weighted average interest rates of approximately 5.77% as of March 31, 2012.  Noncontrolling interests’ share of secured notes payable aggregated approximately $21.4 million as of March 31, 2012.  As of March 31, 2012, our secured notes payable, including unamortized discounts, were composed of approximately $645.1 million and $76.7 million of fixed and variable rate debt, respectively.

Unsecured senior notes payable

In February 2012, we completed a public offering of our unsecured senior notes payable, and raised approximately $550 million in principal amount at a stated interest rate of 4.60%.  The unsecured senior notes payable were priced at 99.915% of the principal amount with a yield to maturity of 4.61% and are due on April 1, 2022.  The unsecured senior notes payable are unsecured obligations of the Company and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P., a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company.  The unsecured senior notes payable rank equally in right of payment with all other senior unsecured indebtedness. However, the unsecured senior notes payable are effectively subordinated to existing and future mortgages and other secured indebtedness (to the extent of the value of the collateral securing such indebtedness) and to all existing and future preferred equity and liabilities, whether secured or unsecured, of the Company’s subsidiaries, other than Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P.  We used the net proceeds of this offering to prepay the outstanding principal balance of $250 million on our 2012 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan and to reduce the outstanding balance on our unsecured senior line of credit.

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The requirements of the key financial covenants under our unsecured senior notes payable are as follows:

Covenant Ratios (1) Requirement Actual (2)
Total Debt to Total Assets Less than or equal to 60% 37%
Consolidated EBITDA to interest expense Greater than or equal to 1.5x 5.4x
Unencumbered Total Asset Value to Unsecured Debt Greater than or equal to 150% 279%
Secured Debt to Total Assets Less than or equal to 40% 10%
(1) For a definition of the ratios used in the table above and related footnotes, refer to the Indenture dated February 29, 2012, which governs the unsecured senior notes payable, which was filed as exhibits to our reports filed with the SEC.
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(2) Actual covenants are calculated pursuant to the specific terms of the agreement.

In addition, the terms of the agreement, among other things, limit the ability of the Company, Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P., and the Company’s subsidiaries to (1) consummate a merger, or consolidate or sell all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, and (2) incur certain secured or unsecured indebtedness.

Unsecured senior line of credit

We use our unsecured senior line of credit to fund working capital, and, from time to time, construction activities.  Our objective is to maintain significant unused borrowing capacity, generally greater than 50% of our $1.5 billion unsecured senior line of credit.  Over the next several years, we anticipate refinancing a portion of our outstanding balance under our unsecured senior bank term loans with capital from unsecured senior notes payable, unsecured senior bank loans, and other capital, including proceeds from selective sales of assets.

In April 2012, we amended our $1.5 billion unsecured senior line of credit, with Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. as joint lead arrangers; Bank of America N.A., as administrative agent; and certain lenders, to extend the maturity date of our unsecured senior line of credit, provide an accordion option for up to an additional $500 million, and reduce the interest rate for outstanding borrowings. The maturity date of the unsecured senior line of credit was extended to April 2017, provided that we exercise our sole right to extend this maturity date twice by an additional six months after each exercise. Borrowing under the unsecured senior line of credit will bear interest at LIBOR or the base rate specified in the amended credit agreement, plus in either case the Applicable Margin. The Applicable Margin for LIBOR borrowings under the unsecured senior line of credit was set at 1.20%, down from 2.40% in effect immediately prior to the modification. In addition to the Applicable Margin, our unsecured senior line of credit is subject to an annual facility fee of 0.25%.  In connection with the modification of our unsecured senior line of credit in April 2012, we recognized a loss on early extinguishment of debt of approximately $1.6 million related to the write-off of a portion of unamortized loan fees.

As of March 31, 2012, we had outstanding borrowings of $167 million, representing 11% of total borrowing capacity, under our $1.5 billion unsecured senior line of credit**.** The weighted average interest rate, including the impact of our interest rate swap agreements, for our unsecured senior line of credit was approximately 2.7% as of March 31, 2012.

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The requirements of the key financial covenants under our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loans based upon agreements effective April 30, 2012, are as follows:

Covenant Ratios (1) Requirement Actual (3)
Total Debt to Total Assets (3) Less than or equal to 60.0% (4) 34%
Consolidated EBITDA to Interest Expense (5) Greater than or equal to 1.50x 2.5x
Secured Debt to Total Assets (6) Less than or equal to 40.0% (4) 9%
Unsecured Leverage Ratio Less than or equal to 60.0% (4) 36%
Unsecured Interest Coverage Ratio Greater than or equal to 1.75x 8.9x
(1) For a definition of the ratios used in the table above and related footnotes, refer to the (“Amended Credit Agreement”) dated as of April 30, 2012, which will be filed as an exhibit to our report filed with the SEC.
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(2) Actual covenants are calculated pursuant to the specific terms of each agreement.
(3) Under the Amended Credit Agreement, this ratio is referred to as the Leverage Ratio.
(4) These ratios may increase by an additional 5% in connection with a Material Acquisition, as defined, for up to four quarters.
(5) Under the Amended Credit Agreement, this ratio is referred to as the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio.
(6) Under the Amended Credit Agreement, this ratio is referred to as the Secured Debt Ratio.

In addition, the terms of the agreements restrict, among other things, certain investments, indebtedness, distributions, mergers, developments, land, and borrowings available under our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loans for developments, land, and encumbered and unencumbered assets.  The terms of the agreements also limit our ability to pay distributions to our shareholders in excess of the greater of (1) 95% of consolidated Funds from Operations (“FFO,” as defined in the Third Amendment) for the preceding four quarters and (2) the minimum amount sufficient to permit us to maintain our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes or the amount necessary to avoid the payment of federal or state income or excise tax.  In addition, we are prohibited from paying cash dividends in excess of the amount necessary for us to qualify for taxation as a REIT if a default or an event of default exists.  As of March 31, 2012 and 2011, we were in compliance with all such covenants.  Management continuously monitors the Company’s compliance and projected compliance with the covenants.  We expect to continue meeting the requirements of our debt covenants in the short term and long term.  However, in the event of an economic slowdown, crisis in the credit markets, or rising cost of capital, there is no certainty that we will be able to continue to satisfy all of the covenant requirements.  Additionally, we may be required to reduce our outstanding borrowings under our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loans in order to maintain compliance with one or more covenants.

As of March 31, 2012, we had 58 lenders providing commitments under our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loans.  During the three months ended March 31, 2012, all lenders under our unsecured senior line of credit funded all borrowings requested under the loan agreement. In the future, if one or more such lenders fail to fund a borrowing request, we may not be able to borrow funds necessary for working capital, construction activities, dividend payments, debt repayment, monthly debt service, and other capital requirements. The failure of one or more lenders to fund their share of a borrowing request may have a material impact on our financial statements.

2016 unsecured senior bank term loan

In February 2011, we entered into a $250 million unsecured senior bank term loan.  In June 2011, we amended this $250 million 2016 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan to, among other things, increase the borrowings from $250 million to $750 million and extend the maturity from January 2015 to June 2016, assuming we exercise our sole right to extend the maturity date by one year.  Borrowings under the 2016 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan bear interest at LIBOR, or the specified base rate, plus in either case, a margin specified in the amended unsecured senior bank term loan agreement.  The applicable margin for the LIBOR borrowings under the 2016 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan as of March 31, 2012, was 1.65%.  Under the 2016 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan agreement, the financial covenants are identical to the financial covenants required under our existing unsecured senior line of credit.  The 2016 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan may be repaid at any date prior to maturity without a prepayment penalty.  The net proceeds from this amendment were used to reduce outstanding borrowings on the 2012 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan from $750 million to $250 million.

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2017 unsecured senior bank term loan

In December 2011, we closed a $600 million 2017 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan, which matures in January 2017, assuming we exercise our sole right to extend the maturity date by one year.  Borrowings under the 2017 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan bear interest at LIBOR, or the specified base rate, plus in either case, a margin specified in the unsecured senior bank term loan agreement.  The applicable margin for the LIBOR borrowings under the 2017 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan as of March 31, 2012, was 1.5%.  The 2017 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan may be repaid at any date prior to maturity without a prepayment penalty.  The net proceeds from this 2017 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan were used to reduce outstanding borrowings on our unsecured senior line of credit.

Unsecured senior convertible notes

During January 2012, we repurchased approximately $83.8 million in principal amount of our 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes at par, pursuant to options exercised by holders thereof under the indenture governing the notes.  We did not recognize a gain or loss as a result of this repurchase.  As of March 31, 2012, $1.0 million of our 3.70% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes remained outstanding.

Estimated interest payments

Estimated interest payments on our fixed rate debt and hedged variable rate debt were calculated based upon contractual interest rates, including the impact of interest rate swap agreements, interest payment dates, and scheduled maturity dates. As of March 31, 2012, approximately 95% of our debt was fixed rate debt or variable **** rate debt subject to interest rate swap agreements. See additional information regarding our interest rate swap agreements under “Liquidity and Capital Resources Contractual Obligations and Commitments – Interest Rate Swap Agreements.”  The remaining 5% of our debt is unhedged variable rate debt based primarily on LIBOR. Interest payments on our unhedged variable rate debt have been calculated based on interest rates in effect as of March 31, 2012.  See additional information regarding our debt under Note 5 to our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

Ground lease obligations

Ground lease obligations as of March 31, 2012, included leases for 21 of our properties and six land development parcels.  These lease obligations have remaining lease terms from 22 to 99 years, excluding extension options.

Commitments

In addition to the above, as of March 31, 2012, remaining aggregate costs under contract for the construction of properties undergoing development, redevelopment, and generic life science infrastructure improvements under the terms of leases approximated $249.5 million.  We expect payments for these obligations to occur over one to three years, subject to capital planning adjustments from time to time.  We are also committed to funding approximately $57.9 million for certain investments over the next six years.

A wholly owned subsidiary of the Company previously executed a ground lease, as ground lessee, for the development site in New York City located at and adjacent to 450 East 29th Street.  That ground lease requires the construction of a second building approximating 407,000 rentable square feet to commence no later than October 31, 2013.  Commencement of construction of the second building includes, among other things, site preparation in order to accommodate a construction crane, erection of a construction crane, renewal of permits, and updating of the construction plans and specifications. The ground lease provides further that substantial completion of the second building occur by October 31, 2015, requiring satisfying conditions that include substantially completed construction in accordance with the plans and the issuance of either temporary or permanent certificates of occupancy for the core and shell.  The ground lease also provides that by October 31, 2016, the ground lessee obtain a temporary or permanent certificate of occupancy for the core and shell of both the first building (which has occurred) and the second building.  In each case, the target dates above are subject to force majeure, to contractual cure rights, to other legal remedies available to ground lessees generally, and to change for any reason by agreement between both parties under the ground lease.  Lastly, if the above dates are not met, the ground lease provides contractual cure rights and the ground lease does not provide for the payment of additional rent, a late fee, or other monetary penalty.

Off-balance sheet arrangements

Our off-balance sheet arrangements consist of our investment in a real estate entity that is a variable interest entity for which we are not the primary beneficiary.  We account for the real estate entity under the equity method.  The debt held by the unconsolidated real estate entity is secured by the land parcel owned by the entity, and is non-recourse to us.  See Notes 2 and 3 to our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q.

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Interest rate swap agreements

We utilize interest rate swap agreements to hedge a portion of our exposure to variable interest rates primarily associated with our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loans.  These agreements involve an exchange of fixed and floating rate interest payments without the exchange of the underlying principal amount (the “notional amount”).  Interest received under all of our interest rate swap agreements is based on the one-month LIBOR rate.  The net difference between the interest paid and the interest received is reflected as an adjustment to interest expense.

The following table summarizes our interest rate swap agreements as of March 31, 2012 (dollars in thousands):

Notional Amount in
Effect as of
Transaction<br> Date Effective<br> Date Termination<br> Date Interest Pay<br> Rate (1) Fair Value as of<br> March 31, 2012 March 31,<br> 2012 December 31,<br> 2013 December 31,<br> 2014
December 2006 December 29, 2006 March 31, 2014 4.990 % $ (4,582 ) $ 50,000 $ 50,000 $
October 2007 October 31, 2007 September 30, 2012 4.546 (1,082 ) 50,000
October 2007 October 31, 2007 September 30, 2013 4.642 (3,243 ) 50,000
October 2007 July 1, 2008 March 31, 2013 4.622 (1,083 ) 25,000
October 2007 July 1, 2008 March 31, 2013 4.625 (1,084 ) 25,000
December 2006 November 30, 2009 March 31, 2014 5.015 (6,910 ) 75,000 75,000
December 2006 November 30, 2009 March 31, 2014 5.023 (6,922 ) 75,000 75,000
December 2006 December 31, 2010 October 31, 2012 5.015 (2,829 ) 100,000
December 2011 December 30, 2011 December 31, 2012 0.480 (388 ) 250,000
December 2011 December 30, 2011 December 31, 2012 0.480 (388 ) 250,000
December 2011 December 30, 2011 December 31, 2012 0.480 (194 ) 125,000
December 2011 December 30, 2011 December 31, 2012 0.480 (194 ) 125,000
December 2011 December 30, 2011 December 31, 2012 0.495 (208 ) 125,000
December 2011 December 30, 2011 December 31, 2012 0.508 (220 ) 125,000
December 2011 December 31, 2012 December 31, 2013 0.640 (457 ) 250,000
December 2011 December 31, 2012 December 31, 2013 0.640 (458 ) 250,000
December 2011 December 31, 2012 December 31, 2013 0.644 (234 ) 125,000
December 2011 December 31, 2012 December 31, 2013 0.644 (234 ) 125,000
December 2011 December 31, 2013 December 31, 2014 0.977 (284 ) 250,000
December 2011 December 31, 2013 December 31, 2014 0.976 (284 ) 250,000
Total $ (31,278 ) $ 1,450,000 $ 950,000 $ 500,000

(1)             In addition to the interest pay rate, borrowings outstanding under our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loans include an applicable margin shown on page 17.

We have entered into master derivative agreements with each counterparty.  These master derivative agreements (all of which are adapted from the standard International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. form) define certain terms between the Company and each counterparty to address and minimize certain risks associated with our interest rate swap agreements.  In order to limit our risk of non-performance by an individual counterparty under our interest rate swap agreements, our interest rate swap agreements are spread among various counterparties.  As of March 31, 2012, the largest aggregate notional amount in effect at any single point in time with an individual counterparty was $375 million.  If one or more of our counterparties fail to perform under our interest rate swap agreements, we may incur higher costs associated with our variable rate LIBOR-based debt than the interest costs we originally anticipated.

As of March 31, 2012, our interest rate swap agreements were classified in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and tenant security deposits based upon their respective fair values, aggregating a liability balance of approximately $31.3 million with the offsetting adjustment reflected as unrealized losses in accumulated other comprehensive loss in total equity.  Balances in accumulated other comprehensive loss are recognized in the period during which the forecasted hedge transactions affect earnings.  We have not posted any collateral related to our interest rate swap agreements.  For the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, approximately $5.8 million and $5.4 million, respectively, was reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to interest expense as an increase to interest expense.  During the next 12 months, we expect to reclassify approximately $19.8 million from accumulated other comprehensive loss to interest expense as an increase to interest expense.

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Other resources and liquidity requirements

We are eligible to file a shelf registration statement with the SEC, under which we may offer common stock, preferred stock, debt, and other securities.  These securities may be issued from time to time at our discretion based on our needs and market conditions, including as necessary to balance our use of incremental debt capital.

In March 2012, we issued 5,200,000 shares of our Series E Preferred Stock.  The shares were issued at a price of $25.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $124.9 million (after deducting underwriters’ discounts and other offering costs).

We hold interests, together with certain third parties, in companies that we consolidate in our financial statements. These third parties may contribute equity into these entities primarily related to their share of funds for construction and financing-related activities.

Exposure to environmental liabilities

In connection with the acquisition of all of our properties, we have obtained Phase I environmental assessments to ascertain the existence of any environmental liabilities or other issues.  The Phase I environmental assessments of our properties have not revealed any environmental liabilities that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations taken as a whole, nor are we aware of any material environmental liabilities that have occurred since the Phase I environmental assessments were completed.  In addition, we carry a policy of pollution legal liability insurance covering exposure to certain environmental losses at substantially all of our properties.

Inflation

As of March 31, 2012, approximately 95% of our leases (on a rentable square footage basis) were triple net leases, requiring tenants to pay substantially all real estate taxes, insurance, utilities, common area expenses, and other operating expenses (including increases thereto) in addition to base rent. Approximately 94% of our leases (on a rentable square footage basis) contained effective annual rent escalations that were either fixed (generally ranging from 3.0% to 3.5%) or indexed based on a consumer price index or another index. Accordingly, we do not believe that our cash flow or earnings from real estate operations are subject to any significant risk from inflation. An increase in inflation, however, could result in an increase in the cost of our variable rate borrowings, including borrowings related to our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured senior bank term loans.

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Non-GAAP measures

Funds from operations

GAAP basis accounting for real estate assets utilizes historical cost accounting and assumes real estate values diminish over time.  In an effort to overcome the difference between real estate values and historical cost accounting for real estate assets, the Board of Governors of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) established the measurement tool of FFO.  Since its introduction, FFO has become a widely used non-GAAP financial measure among REITs.  We believe that FFO is helpful to investors as an additional measure of the performance of an equity REIT.  We compute FFO in accordance with standards established by the Board of Governors of NAREIT in its April 2002 White Paper and related implementation guidance, which may differ from the methodology for calculating FFO utilized by other equity REITs, and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other equity REITs.  The White Paper defines FFO as net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains from sales and real estate impairment losses, plus real estate related depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.  The primary reconciling item between GAAP net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders and FFO attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders is depreciation and amortization expense. Our FFO may differ from the methodology for calculating FFO utilized by other equity REITs, and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other equity REITs.  FFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indication of financial performance, or to cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP) as a measure of liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions.

The following table presents a reconciliation of net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders, the GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to FFO attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended<br> March 31,
2012 2011
Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders $ 18,368 $ 24,365
Add:
Depreciation and amortization (1) 43,405 36,707
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests 711 929
Net income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards 235 242
Subtract:
Gain on sale of land parcel (1,864 )
FFO attributable to noncontrolling interests (684 ) (1,065 )
FFO attributable to unvested restricted stock awards (472 ) (547 )
FFO attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders – basic 59,699 60,631
Effect of assumed conversion and dilutive securities:
Assumed conversion of 8.00% Unsecured Senior Convertible Notes 5 5
FFO attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s **** common stockholders – diluted $ 59,704 $ 60,636
(1) Includes depreciation and amortization classified in discontinued operations related to assets “held for sale” (for the periods prior to when such assets were designated as “held for sale”).
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Adjusted funds from operations (“AFFO”)

AFFO is a non-GAAP financial measure that management uses as a supplemental measure of our performance. We compute AFFO attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders by adding to or deducting from FFO attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders (1) non-incremental revenue generating capital expenditures, tenant improvements, and leasing commissions (excludes redevelopment expenditures); (2) capitalized income from development projects; (3) gains or losses on early extinguishment of debt; (4) amortization of loan fees, debt premiums/discounts and acquired above and below market leases; (5) effects of straight-line rent and straight-line rent on ground leases; (6) preferred stock redemption charges; and (7) non-cash compensation expense related to restricted stock awards.

We believe that AFFO is a useful supplemental performance measure because it further adjusts FFO to: (1) deduct certain expenditures that, although capitalized and included in depreciation expense, do not enhance the revenue or cash flows of our properties; (2) eliminate the effect of straight-lining our rental income and capitalizing income from development projects in order to reflect the actual amount of contractual rents due in the period presented; and (3) eliminate the effect of non-cash items that are not indicative of our core operations and do not actually reduce the amount of cash generated by our operations. Management believes that adjusting FFO to eliminate the effect of non-cash charges related to stock-based compensation facilitates a comparison of operations across periods and among other equity REITs without the variances caused by different valuation methodologies, the volatility of the expense (which depends on market forces outside management’s control), and the assumptions and the variety of award types that a company can use. Management believes that adjusting FFO provides useful information by excluding certain items that are not representative of our core operating results because they are dependent upon historical costs or subject to judgmental valuation inputs and the timing of management decisions.

AFFO is not intended to represent cash flow for the period, and is intended only to provide an additional measure of performance. We believe that net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to AFFO attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders. Management believes that AFFO is a widely recognized measure of the operations of equity REITs, and presenting AFFO will enable investors to assess the Company’s performance in comparison to other equity REITs. However, other equity REITs may use different methodologies for calculating AFFO and, accordingly, our AFFO may not be comparable to AFFO calculated by other equity REITs. AFFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income (determined in accordance with GAAP) as an indication of financial performance, or to cash flows from operating activities (determined in accordance with GAAP) as a measure of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions.

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The following table presents a reconciliation of net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders, the GAAP financial measure most directly comparable to AFFO attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended<br> March 31,
2012 2011
Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s **** common stockholders $ 18,368 $ 24,365
Cumulative adjustments to calculate FFO (1) 41,331 36,266
FFO attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s **** common stockholders – basic 59,699 60,631
Add/(deduct):
Non-incremental revenue generating capital expenditures
Building improvements (210 ) (608 )
Tenant improvements and leasing commissions (2,019 ) (803 )
Amortization of loan fees 2,643 2,278
Amortization of debt premiums/discounts 179 1,335
Amortization of acquired above and below market leases (800 ) (4,854 )
Deferred rent/straight-line rent (8,796 ) (6,707 )
Stock compensation 3,293 2,356
Capitalized income from development projects 478 1,428
Deferred rent/straight-line rent on ground leases 1,406 1,241
Loss on early extinguishment of debt 623 2,495
Preferred stock redemption charge 5,978
Allocation to unvested restricted stock awards (22 ) 16
AFFO attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s **** common stockholders $ 62,452 $ 58,808

(1)          See reconciling items for FFO presented under “Funds from Operations.”

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin

EBITDA represents earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization (“EBITDA”), a non-GAAP financial measure, and is used by management and others as a supplemental measure of performance. Management uses adjusted EBITDA (“Adjusted EBITDA”) to assess the performance of core operations, for financial and operational decision making, and as a supplemental or additional means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons on a consistent basis. Adjusted EBITDA also serves as a proxy for a component of a financial covenant under certain of our debt obligations. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as EBITDA excluding net stock compensation expense, gains or losses on early extinguishment of debt, gains or losses on sales of land parcels, and impairments. We believe Adjusted EBITDA provides investors relevant and useful information because it permits investors to view income from our operations on an unleveraged basis before the effects of taxes, non-cash depreciation and amortization, net stock compensation expense, gains or losses on early extinguishment of debt, gains or losses on sales of land parcels, and impairments. By excluding interest expense, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA allow investors to measure our performance independent of our capital structure and indebtedness and, therefore, allow for a more meaningful comparison of our performance to that of other companies, both in the real estate industry and in other industries. Management believes that excluding non-cash charges related to stock-based compensation facilitates a comparison of our operations across periods and among other equity REITs without the variances caused by different valuation methodologies, the volatility of the expense (which depends on market forces outside of management’s control), and the assumptions and the variety of award types that a company can use. Management believes that adjusting for the effects of gains or losses on early extinguishment of debt, gains or losses on sales of land parcels, and impairments, provides useful information by excluding certain items that are not representative of our core operating results. These items are not related to core operations, are dependent upon historical costs, and are subject to judgmental valuation inputs and the timing of management decisions. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations as measures of our performance. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA do not reflect our historical cash expenditures or future cash requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments. While EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are relevant and widely used measures of performance, they do not represent net income or cash flow from operations as defined by GAAP, and they should not be considered as alternatives to those indicators in evaluating performance or liquidity. Further, our computation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures reported by other companies.

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The following table reconciles net income, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA (in thousands):

Three Months Ended<br> March 31,
2012 2011
Net income $ 32,775 $ 32,625
Interest expense – continuing operations 16,227 17,810
Interest expense – discontinued operations 32
Depreciation and amortization – continuing operations 43,405 36,582
Depreciation and amortization – discontinued operations 125
EBITDA 92,407 87,174
Stock compensation expense 3,293 2,356
Gain on sale of land parcel (1,864 )
Loss (gain) on early extinguishment of debt 623 2,495
Adjusted EBITDA $ 94,459 $ 92,025

Fixed charge coverage ratio

The fixed charge coverage ratio is useful to investors as a supplemental measure of the Company’s ability to satisfy fixed financing obligations and dividends on preferred stock.  Cash interest is equal to interest expense calculated in accordance with GAAP, plus capitalized interest, less amortization of loan fees, and amortization of debt premiums/discounts.  The fixed charge coverage ratio calculation below is not directly comparable to the computation of “Consolidated Ratio of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends” included in Exhibit 12.1 to our quarterly report on Form 10-Q, as of March 31, 2012.

The following table presents a reconciliation of interest expense, the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure to cash interest and fixed charges for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 (dollars in thousands):

Three Months Ended<br> March 31,
2012 2011
Adjusted EBITDA $ 94,459 $ 92,025
Interest expense – continuing operations 16,227 17,810
Interest expense – discontinued operations 32
Add: capitalized interest 15,266 13,193
Less: amortization of loan fees (2,643 ) (2,278 )
Less: amortization of debt premium/discounts (179 ) (1,335 )
Cash interest 28,671 27,422
Dividends on preferred stock 7,483 7,089
Fixed charges $ 36,154 $ 34,511
Fixed charge coverage ratio 2.6x 2.7x

Interest coverage ratio

Interest coverage ratio is the ratio of Adjusted EBITDA to cash interest. This ratio is useful to investors as an indicator of our ability to service our cash interest obligations.

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The following table summarizes the calculation of the interest coverage ratio for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 (dollars in thousands):

Three Months Ended<br> March 31,
2012 2011
Adjusted EBITDA $ 94,459 $ 92,025
Interest expense – continuing operations 16,227 17,810
Interest expense – discontinued operations 32
Add: capitalized interest 15,266 13,193
Less: amortization of loan fees (2,643 ) (2,278 )
Less: amortization of debt premium/discounts (179 ) (1,335 )
Cash interest $ 28,671 $ 27,422
Interest coverage ratio 3.3x 3.4x

Net debt to adjusted EBITDA

Net debt to Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe is useful to investors as a supplemental measure in evaluating our leverage.  Net debt is equal to the sum of total debt less cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash.  See “Adjusted EBITDA” for further information on the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA.

The following table summarizes the calculation of net debt to Adjusted EBITDA as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 (dollars in thousands):

March 31, December 31,
2012 2011
Adjusted EBITDA (trailing 12 months) $ 378,484 $ 376,050
Secured notes payable 721,715 724,305
Unsecured senior notes payable 549,536
Unsecured senior line of credit 167,000 370,000
Unsecured senior bank term loans 1,350,000 1,600,000
Unsecured senior convertible notes 1,236 84,959
Less: cash and cash equivalents (77,361 ) (78,539 )
Less: restricted cash (39,803 ) (23,332 )
Net debt $ 2,672,323 $ 2,677,393
Net debt to Adjusted EBITDA 7.1x 7.1x

Net debt to gross assets (excluding cash and restricted cash)

Net debt to gross assets (excluding cash and restricted cash) is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe is useful to investors as a supplemental measure in evaluating our leverage.  Net debt is calculated as described in “Net debt to adjusted EBITDA.”  Gross assets (excluding cash and restricted cash) are equal to total assets plus accumulated depreciation, less cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash.

The following table summarizes the calculation of net debt to gross assets (excluding cash and restricted cash) as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 (dollars in thousands):

March 31, December 31,
2012 2011
Net debt $ 2,672,323 $ 2,677,393
Total assets 6,718,091 6,574,129
Add: accumulated depreciation 779,177 742,535
Less: cash and cash equivalents (77,361 ) (78,539 )
Less: restricted cash (39,803 ) (23,332 )
Gross assets (excluding cash and restricted cash) $ 7,380,104 $ 7,214,793
Net debt to gross assets (excluding cash and restricted cash) 36% 37%

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Net operating income

See discussion of net operating income and reconciliation of net operating income to income from continuing operations in “Results of Operations.”

Same property net operating income

See discussion of Same Properties and reconciliation of net operating income to income from continuing operations in “Results of Operations.”

Unencumbered net operating income as a percentage of total net operating income

Unencumbered net operating income as a percentage of total net operating income is a non-GAAP financial measure that we believe is useful to investors as a performance measure of our results of operations related to our unencumbered real estate assets, as it reflects only those income and expense items that are incurred at the unencumbered property level. Management uses unencumbered net operating income as a percentage of total net operating income in order to assess its compliance with its financial covenants under our debt obligations because the measure serves as a proxy for a financial measure under certain of our debt obligations. Unencumbered net operating income represents net operating income derived from assets that are not subject to any mortgage, deed of trust, lien, or other security interest.  See the reconciliation of net operating income to income from continuing operations in “Results of Operations.”

The following table summarizes unencumbered net operating income as a percentage of total net operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 (dollars in thousands):

Three Months Ended<br> March 31,
2012 2011
Unencumbered net operating income $ 73,037 $ 64,320
Encumbered net operating income 28,519 34,539
Total net operating income $ 101,556 $ 98,859
Unencumbered net operating income as a percentage of total net operating income 72% 65%

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Item 3.  QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk is the exposure to loss resulting from changes in interest rates, equity prices, and foreign currency exchange rates.

Interest rate risk

The primary market risk to which we believe we are exposed is interest rate risk, which may result from many factors, including government monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations, and other factors that are beyond our control.

In order to modify and manage the interest rate characteristics of our outstanding debt and to limit the effects of interest rate risks on our operations, we may utilize a variety of financial instruments, including interest rate swap agreements, caps, floors, and other interest rate exchange contracts.  The use of these types of instruments to hedge a portion of our exposure to changes in interest rates carries additional risks, such as counterparty credit risk and the legal enforceability of hedging contracts.

Our future earnings and fair values relating to financial instruments are primarily dependent upon prevalent market rates of interest, such as LIBOR.  However, our interest rate swap agreements are intended to reduce the effects of interest rate changes.  Based on interest rates at, and our interest rate swap agreements in effect on, March 31, 2012, we estimate that a 1% increase in interest rates on our variable rate debt, including our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured term loans, after considering the effect of our interest rate swap agreements, would decrease annual future earnings by approximately $1.4 million.  We further estimate that a 1% decrease in interest rates on our variable rate debt, including our unsecured senior line of credit and unsecured term loans, after considering the effect of our interest rate swap agreements in effect on March 31, 2012, would increase annual future earnings by approximately $0.3 million.  A 1% increase in interest rates on our secured debt, unsecured senior notes payable, unsecured senior convertible notes, and interest rate swap agreements would decrease their aggregate fair values by approximately $54.0 million at March 31, 2012.  A 1% decrease in interest rates on our secured debt, unsecured senior notes payable, unsecured senior convertible notes, and interest rate swap agreements would increase their aggregate fair values by approximately $37.5 million at March 31, 2012.

These amounts are determined by considering the impact of the hypothetical interest rates on our borrowing cost and our interest rate swap agreements in effect on March 31, 2012.  These analyses do not consider the effects of the reduced level of overall economic activity that could exist in such an environment.  Further, in the event of a change of such magnitude, we would consider taking actions to further mitigate our exposure to the change.  However, because of the uncertainty of the specific actions that would be taken and their possible effects, the sensitivity analysis assumes no changes in our capital structure.

Equity price risk

We have exposure to equity price market risk because of our equity investments in certain publicly traded companies and privately held entities.  We classify investments in publicly traded companies as “available for sale” and, consequently, record them on our condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value, with unrealized gains or losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss.  Investments in privately held entities are generally accounted for under the cost method because we do not influence any of the operating or financial policies of the entities in which we invest.  For all investments, we recognize other-than-temporary declines in value against earnings in the same period during which the decline in value was deemed to have occurred.  There is no assurance that future declines in value will not have a material adverse impact on our future results of operations.  By way of example, a 10% decrease in the fair value of our equity investments as of March 31, 2012, would decrease their fair value by approximately $9.8 million.

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Foreign currency exchange rate risk

We have exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk related to our subsidiaries operating in Canada and Asia.  The functional currencies of our foreign subsidiaries are the respective local currencies.  Gains or losses resulting from the translation of our foreign subsidiaries’ balance sheets and statements of income are included in accumulated other comprehensive income as a separate component of total equity.  Gains or losses will be reflected in our statements of income when there is a sale or partial sale of our investment in these operations or upon a complete or substantially complete liquidation of the investment.  Based on our current operating assets outside the United States as of March 31, 2012, we estimate that a 10% increase in foreign currency rates relative to the United States dollar would increase annual future earnings by approximately $0.1 million.  We further estimate that a 10% decrease in foreign currency rates relative to the United States dollar would decrease annual future earnings by approximately $0.1 million.  This sensitivity analysis assumes a parallel shift of all foreign currency exchange rates with respect to the United States dollar; however, foreign currency exchange rates do not typically move in such a manner and actual results may differ materially.

Item 4. **** CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures

As of March 31, 2012, we performed an evaluation, under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures.  These controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that information required for disclosure is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the requisite time periods. Based on our evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2012.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

There has not been any change in our internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2012, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART IIOTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A. **** RISK FACTORS

In addition to the information set forth in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, one should also carefully review and consider the information contained in our other reports and periodic filings that we make with the SEC, including, without limitation, the information contained under the caption “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011.  Those risk factors could materially affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. The risks that we describe in our public filings are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we presently deem to be immaterial, also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.


Item 5.    OTHER INFORMATION

The information included in this Part II, Item 5 is provided in accordance with Form 8-K, Item 1.01, Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement, and Item 2.03, Creation of a Direct Financial Obligation or an Obligation under an Off-Balance Sheet Arrangement of Registrant.

Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement

On April 30, 2012 (the “Effective Date”), the Company entered into a Third Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Amended Credit Agreement”), which amends and restates the Company’s Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement dated October 31, 2006, as further amended December 1, 2006, May 2, 2007, and January 28, 2011.  Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. serve as Joint Lead Arrangers, and Bank of America, N.A. serves as Administrative Agent.

The Amended Credit Agreement provides for, among other things, a $1.5 billion unsecured senior revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) and an accordion option to increase the Amended Credit Agreement by up to an additional $500 million.  Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at LIBOR or the specified base rate, plus in either case a margin specified in the Amended Credit Agreement (the “Applicable Margin”).  The Applicable Margin for the Company’s LIBOR borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility decreased to 1.20% as of the Effective Date from 2.40% immediately prior to this amendment.  The Amended Credit Agreement removes the Company’s operating partnership, Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership”), as a borrower and adds the Operating Partnership as a guarantor thereunder.

The maturity date for the Revolving Credit Facility has been extended to April 30, 2017, provided that the Company exercises its rights to extend the maturity date twice by an additional six months for each exercise.  The Amended Credit Agreement also modifies certain financial covenants with respect to the Revolving Credit Facility, including the secured debt ratio, leverage ratio, unsecured leverage ratio, and unsecured interest coverage ratio, and removes the occupancy and unsecured debt yield covenants.

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Under the Amended Credit Agreement, the Company must not, as of the last day of any fiscal quarter, permit its:

·      leverage ratio to exceed 60.0%, except for four calculation dates immediately following any acquisition in which the assets acquired exceed 5% of the Company’s total assets (a “Material Acquisition”), in which case its leverage ratio is not to exceed 65.0%

·      unsecured leverage ratio to exceed 60.0%, except for four calculation dates immediately following any Material Acquisition, in which case its unsecured leverage ratio is not to exceed 65.0%

·      unsecured interest coverage ratio to be less than 1.75 to 1.00

·      secured debt ratio to exceed 40.0%, except for four calculation dates immediately following any Material Acquisition, in which case its secured debt ratio is not to exceed 45.0%

·      fixed charge coverage ratio to be less than 1.50 to 1.00

·      minimum book value to be less than the sum of $2.0 billion and 50% of the net proceeds of equity offerings after January 28, 2011

Amendments to Term Loan Agreement and Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement

On April 30, 2012, the Company entered into amendments (the “Term Loan Amendments”) to the Company’s Term Loan Agreement dated December 6, 2011 (the “2017 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan”) and Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement dated June 30, 2011 (the “2016 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan,” together with the 2017 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan, the “Term Loan Agreements”).  The Term Loan Amendments remove the Operating Partnership as a borrower under each of the Term Loan Agreements and add the Operating Partnership as a guarantor thereunder.  The Term Loan Amendments modify certain financial covenants to conform to those contained in the Amended Credit Agreement as described above.

J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. serve as Joint Lead Arrangers, and Bank of America, N.A. serves as Administrative Agent under the 2017 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan.

Citigroup Global Markets Inc., RBC Capital Markets and RBS Securities Inc. serve as Joint Lead Arrangers, and Citibank, N.A. serves as Administrative Agent under the 2016 Unsecured Senior Bank Term Loan.

Affiliates of lenders under the Amended Credit Agreement and the Term Loan Amendments have, from time to time, performed, and may in the future perform, various financial advisory, investment banking and general financing services for the Company.

The foregoing summary of the Amended Credit Agreement and the Term Loan Agreements does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Amended Credit Agreement and the Term Loan Amendments, copies of which will be filed as exhibits to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending June 30, 2012.

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Item 6. **** EXHIBITS

3.1* Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Company, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 14, 1997.
3.2* Certificate of Correction of the Company, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 14, 1997.
3.3* Bylaws of the Company (as amended December 15, 2011), filed as an exhibit to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 19, 2011.
3.4* Articles Supplementary, dated June 9, 1999, relating to the 9.50% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 13, 1999.
3.5* Articles Supplementary, dated February 10, 2000, relating to the election to be subject to Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the Maryland General Corporation Law, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 10, 2000.
3.6* Articles Supplementary, dated February 10, 2000, relating to the Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 10, 2000.
3.7* Articles Supplementary, dated January 18, 2002, relating to the 9.10% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-A for registration of certain classes of securities filed with the SEC on January 18, 2002.
3.8* Articles Supplementary, dated June 22, 2004, relating to the 8.375% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-A for registration of certain classes of securities filed with the SEC on June 28, 2004.
3.9* Articles Supplementary, dated March 25, 2008, relating to the 7.00% Series D Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 25, 2008.
3.10* Articles Supplementary, dated March 12, 2012, relating to the 6.45% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 14, 2012.
4.1* Specimen certificate representing shares of Common Stock, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on May 5, 2011.
4.2* Specimen certificate representing shares of 8.375% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-A for registration of certain classes of securities filed with the SEC on June 28, 2004.
4.3* Specimen certificate representing shares of 7.00% Series D Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 25, 2008.
4.4* Indenture, dated January 17, 2007, among the Company, Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P., as Guarantor, and Wilmington Trust Company, as Trustee, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 19, 2007.
4.5* Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of January 17, 2007, among the Company, Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P., UBS Securities LLC, Citigroup Global Markets, Inc., and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 18, 2007.
4.6* Indenture, dated as of April 27, 2009, among the Company, as Issuer, Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P., as Guarantor, and Wilmington Trust Company, as Trustee, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 10, 2009.
4.7* Indenture, dated as of February 29, 2012, among the Company, as Issuer, Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P., as Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 29, 2012.
4.8* Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated as of February 29, 2012, among the Company, as Issuer, Alexandria Real Estate Equities, L.P., as Guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 29, 2012.
4.9* Form of 4.60% Senior Note due 2022 (included in Exhibit 4.7 above)
4.10* Specimen certificate representing shares of 6.45% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Form 8-A for registration of certain classes of securities filed with the SEC on March 12, 2012.
10.1 Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement, effective as of April 26, 2012, by and between the Company and Joel S. Marcus.

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11.1 Statement of Computation of Per Share Earnings (included in Note 8 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements).
12.1 Statement of Computation of Ratios.
31.1 Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.0 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101 The following materials from the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2012, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2012 and December 31, 2011 (unaudited), (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 (unaudited), (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 (unaudited), (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests for the three months ended March 31, 2012 (unaudited), (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2012 and 2011 (unaudited), and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

(*)         Incorporated by reference.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on May 4, 2012.

ALEXANDRIA REAL ESTATE EQUITIES, INC.
/s/ Joel S. Marcus
Joel S. Marcus<br><br><br>Chairman/Chief Executive Officer<br><br><br>(Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ Dean A. Shigenaga
Dean A. Shigenaga<br><br><br>Chief Financial Officer<br><br><br>(Principal Financial and Chief Accounting Officer)

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Exhibit 10.1

AMENDED AND RESTATED EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

THIS AMENDED AND RESTATED EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) by and between Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc., a Maryland corporation (“Corporation”) and Joel S. Marcus, an individual (“Officer”), is effective as of April 26, 2012 (the “Effective Date”).

RECITAL

WHEREAS, Corporation desires to continue to employ Officer as its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Officer is willing to continue to accept such employment by Corporation, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants contained herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree to amend and restate this Agreement as follows:

1. **** Position and Duties; Location .

During the Term (as defined below), Officer and Corporation agree that Officer shall be employed by and serve Corporation as its full-time Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; provided that either Corporation or Officer may make an election (an “Executive Chairman Election”) on or after October 1, 2014 that, effective the later of January 1, 2015 or 14 days after the election is made, Officer shall cease to hold the position of Chief Executive Officer and instead shall be employed as full-time Executive Chairman through December 31, 2016 or such later date as may be mutually agreed.  In addition, Officer agrees to serve in such capacities for Corporation’s subsidiaries, and in such additional capacities consistent with Officer’s position as a senior executive officer as set forth above, as may be determined by the Board of Directors of Corporation (the “Board”).  Officer shall devote such of his business time, energy, and skill to the affairs of Corporation and its subsidiaries as shall be necessary to perform the duties of such positions.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, subject to any written policies of Corporation, nothing in this Agreement shall preclude Officer from (i) engaging in charitable and community affairs and not-for-profit activities, so long as they are consistent with his duties and responsibilities under this Agreement; (ii) managing his family and other personal investments; (iii) serving on the boards of directors of non-profit companies; and (iv) serving on the boards of directors of other for-profit companies; provided, however, that, prior to accepting a position hereafter on any such for-profit board of directors, Officer shall obtain the approval of the Board (or, if applicable, the appropriate committee thereof), which shall not be unreasonably withheld.  In his position as Chief Executive Officer or as Executive Chairman, Officer shall only report to and be responsible directly to the lead independent director and to the Board and at all times during the Term shall have powers and duties at least commensurate with his positions, including, without limitation, while serving as Chief Executive Officer, the right to hire or terminate any subordinate officers and any employees without the approval or consent of the Board or any other officer of Corporation; provided, however, that Officer shall consult with the Board before exercising his right, while serving as Chief Executive Officer, to hire or terminate the Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operating Officer, and President of Corporation; and provided further that Officer and Corporation acknowledge that nothing in this Agreement modifies the authority of the Compensation Committee of the Board (the “Compensation Committee”) to establish the aggregate compensation levels of senior officers, above the level of vice president, of Corporation.  Officer shall be based at the principal executive offices of Corporation in the Los Angeles, California metropolitan area, except for reasonable required travel on Corporation’s business.


2. **** Term of Employment .

The Term of this Agreement (the “Term”) shall be for a period commencing on the Effective Date and ending on December 31, 2014 or, if an Executive Chairman Election is made, December 31, 2016 or a mutually agreed upon later date (the “Termination Date”), unless terminated earlier pursuant to this Agreement (the “Early Termination Date,” and, as the context so requires, a “Termination Date”).  The parties agree that, at the request of either, they shall, during the calendar quarter at the end of which the Term would otherwise expire, negotiate in good faith the extension of this Agreement, or the implementation of a new agreement, relating to Officer’s provision thereafter of full-time services as Executive Chairman.

3. **** Compensation, Benefits and Reimbursement .

3.1 **** Base Salary.  During the Term, Officer shall be entitled to the following base salary:

(a) **** Minimum Base Salary .  During the Term and subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, Corporation agrees to pay to Officer an annual “Base Salary” of $895,000, or such higher amount as may from time to time be determined by Corporation.  Unless otherwise agreed in writing by Officer and Corporation, the salary shall be payable in substantially equal semi-monthly installments in accordance with the standard policies of Corporation in existence from time to time.

(b) **** Earned Base Salary.  For purposes of any early termination of this Agreement as provided in Paragraph 4, the term “Earned Base Salary” shall mean all semi-monthly installments of the Base Salary which have become due and payable to Officer, together with any partial monthly installment prorated on a daily basis up to and including the applicable Termination Date.

3.2 **** Increases in Base Salary.  Officer’s Base Salary shall be reviewed by the Compensation Committee no less frequently than on each anniversary of the Effective Date during the Term.  The Base Salary payable to Officer may be increased on each such anniversary date (and such other times as the Compensation Committee may deem appropriate during the Term) to an amount determined by the Compensation Committee.  Any increase in Base Salary or other compensation shall in no way limit or reduce any other obligations of Corporation hereunder and, once established at an increased specified rate, Officer’s Base Salary shall not be reduced unless Officer otherwise agrees in writing.

3.3 **** Bonus.  Officer shall be eligible to receive a cash bonus (“Bonus”) for each fiscal year of Corporation (or portion thereof) during the Term, in accordance with the terms set forth in Exhibit A hereto, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

3.4 **** Additional Benefits.  During the Term, Officer shall be entitled to the following additional benefits:

(a) **** Officer Benefits.  Officer shall be eligible to participate in such of Corporation’s benefit and deferred compensation plans as are made available to executive officers of Corporation, including, without limitation, Corporation’s stock incentive and other equity-based compensation plans, annual incentive compensation plans, profit sharing/pension plans, deferred compensation plans, annual physical examinations, dental plans, vision plans, sick pay, medical plans, personal catastrophe and accidental death insurance plans, financial planning, automobile arrangements, retirement plans and supplementary executive retirement plans, if any.  For purposes of establishing the length of service under any benefit plans or programs of Corporation, Officer’s employment with Corporation shall be deemed to have commenced on January 5, 1994.

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(b) **** Vacation.  Officer shall be entitled to accrue a minimum of six weeks of paid vacation during each year during the Term and any extensions thereof, prorated for partial years.  Any accrued vacation not taken during any year may be carried forward to subsequent years; provided that Officer may not accrue more than 12 weeks of unused vacation at any time.  Unused vacation in excess of Officer’s allowable accrued vacation under the foregoing proviso shall be promptly paid to Officer at the end of each year in a cash amount equal to (i) the number of weeks of excess vacation time, multiplied by (ii) weekly Base Salary.

(c) **** Life Insurance.  During the Term, Corporation shall, at its sole cost and expense, procure and keep in effect term life insurance (a minimum five-year term certain policy) on the life of Officer, payable to such beneficiaries as Officer may from time to time designate, in the aggregate amount of $5,000,000.  Such policy shall be owned by Officer or by a member of his immediate family.  Corporation shall have no incidents of ownership therein.

(d) **** Disability Insurance .  During the Term, Corporation shall, at its sole cost and expense, procure and keep in effect long-term disability and short-term disability coverage (the “Disability Policy”) similar to Officer’s current disability insurance policy on Officer (or, if better, any subsequent policy), payable to Officer in an annual amount not less than 60% of Officer’s then existing Base Salary, Bonus and other cash compensation, subject to such limitations as may be applicable under California law and under standard insurance underwriters requirements.  The premiums for the foregoing coverage shall be included in Officer’s gross income.

(e) **** Reimbursement for Expenses .  During the Term, Corporation shall reimburse Officer for all reasonable out-of-pocket business and entertainment expenses incurred by Officer for the purpose of and in connection with the performance of his services pursuant to this Agreement.  Officer shall be entitled to such reimbursement upon the presentation by Officer to Corporation of vouchers or other statements itemizing such expenses in reasonable detail consistent with Corporation’s policies.  In addition, Officer shall be entitled to reimbursement for (i) dues and membership fees in professional organizations and industry associations in which Officer is currently a member or becomes a member; (ii) appropriate industry seminars and mandatory continuing education and (iii) membership in a health club or other health-related activity of Officer’s choosing up to a maximum annual fee of $5,000.  The amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement pursuant to this Paragraph 3.4(e) during a calendar year shall not affect the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement in any other calendar year.  Without extending the time of payment that would apply in the absence of this sentence, Corporation shall reimburse Officer for any expense eligible for reimbursement pursuant to this Paragraph 3.4(e) on or before the end of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the expense was incurred.  Corporation shall pay Officer for all reasonable attorney’s fees, disbursements and costs incurred by Officer in connection with the negotiation, preparation and execution of this Agreement, within 15 days following presentation of invoices which have been paid.

(f) **** Withholding.  Compensation and benefits paid to Officer under this Agreement shall be subject to applicable federal, state and local wage deductions and other deductions required by law.

(g) **** Certain Restricted Stock; Certain Other Equity-Related Provisions.

(i)                                   Renewal Restricted Stock Bonus.  As soon as practicable following the Effective Date, but no later than five days following the Effective Date, Officer shall be granted (A) a number of shares of restricted stock of Corporation that have an aggregate fair market value of $3,000,000 (based on the closing price of Corporation’s stock on the trading day immediately preceding the date of grant), which shares shall vest 1/3rd on December 31 of 2012, 2013 and

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2014, provided that Officer’s employment with Corporation has continued through such dates, except as otherwise provided in Paragraphs 3.4(g)(iii), 4.3 and 4.5 hereof,  and (B) a number of shares of restricted stock of Corporation that have an aggregate fair market value of $2,000,000 (based on the closing price of Corporation’s stock on the trading day immediately preceding the date of grant), which shares shall vest 1/3rd on December 31 of 2012, 2013 and 2014 (the “2012 Performance-Based Restricted Stock”), subject to the satisfaction each year of specified corporate performance criteria set forth in Exhibit B hereto, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

(ii)                                Long-Term Incentive Grant.  With respect to each fiscal year of Corporation during the Term, **** Officer shall be eligible to receive an annual long-term incentive compensation award in the form of restricted stock (an “LTI Grant”) pursuant to Corporation’s Amended and Restated 1997 Stock Award and Incentive Plan or any other long-term incentive plan(s) in effect from time to time, subject to the terms and conditions thereof to the extent not inconsistent with this Agreement, which grant shall be made annually no later than 10 days following the end of the Corporation’s fiscal year  to which the LTI Grant relates.  For the avoidance of doubt, the LTI Grant with respect to 2012 shall be made in 2013 but no later than January 10, 2013; the LTI Grant with respect to 2013 shall be made in 2014 but no later than January 10, 2014, and so on.  Officer’s target LTI Grant with respect to each such fiscal year shall have an aggregate fair market value of $6,875,000, subject to increase or decrease at the discretion of the Compensation Committee based on its assessment of Corporation’s performance for the relevant fiscal year, converted into a number of shares of Corporation’s stock based on the closing price of Corporation’s stock on the trading day immediately preceding the date of grant.  Fifty percent (50%) of the LTI Grant (the “Time-Based Stock”) shall vest 1/36th each month over the 36-month period following the date of grant; and the remaining fifty percent (50%) of the LTI Grant (the “Performance-Based Stock”) shall vest 1/3rd on each of the three dates (each a “Performance-Based Stock Vesting Date”) that is not later than thirty (30) days following the end of each of the three (3) successive fiscal years beginning with the fiscal year in which the grant of Performance-Based Stock is made, based on the determination and written certification of the Compensation Committee on the Performance Stock Vesting Date with respect to specified corporate performance criteria and subject to the terms set forth in Exhibit C hereto, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference; provided that, except as otherwise provided in Paragraphs 3.4(g)(iii), 4.3 and 4.5 hereof, vesting of the Time-Based Stock and the Performance-Based Stock shall be subject to Officer’s continued employment with Corporation on the applicable vesting date; and provided further that, so long as Officer is employed by Corporation on the December 31st  immediately prior to the applicable Performance-Based Stock Vesting Date, the portion of the Performance-Based Stock award that is scheduled by its terms to  vest on such Performance-Based Stock Vesting Date shall not be subject to forfeiture as a result of any termination on or after such December 31st and shall be eligible to vest based on the Compensation Committee’s determination and certification as described above.

(iii)                             Dividends; Vesting.**** Officer shall receive the full cash dividends attributable to all nonforfeited shares of restricted stock (or units), regardless of whether such shares (or units) have become vested on or before the record date for such dividends on the shares (or, as applicable, the underlying shares).  Upon a Change in Control (as defined below), (i) any and all equity or equity-based compensation (including, without limitation, restricted stock and stock options), the vesting of which depends only upon the passage of time, shall vest; (ii) any and all awards of equity or equity-based compensation (including, without limitation,  restricted stock and stock options), the vesting of which depends upon the satisfaction of performance criteria, shall vest in an amount equal to (A) the amount of the award that would have been earned if the target level of performance had been achieved, multiplied by (B) a fraction (x) the

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numerator of which is the number of days during the performance period on which Officer was employed as of the date of the Change in Control and (y) the denominator of which is the number of days in the performance period; and (iii) any and all options shall be exercisable for their full terms without regard to the termination of Officer’s employment.  Upon Officer’s termination of service on or after Officer’s attainment of age 69, unless such termination is for Cause, (i) all of Officer’s outstanding and unvested equity or equity-based compensation awards (including, without limitation, restricted stock and stock options), the vesting of which depends only upon the passage of time, shall fully and immediately vest; (ii) all of Officer’s outstanding and unvested equity or equity-based compensation awards (including, without limitation, restricted stock and stock options), the vesting of which otherwise depends upon the satisfaction of corporate performance criteria, shall fully and immediately vest if and when the applicable corporate or other performance goals are ultimately satisfied; and (iii) any and all outstanding options shall remain exercisable for their full terms without regard to the termination.  In addition, without limiting the generality of any other provision of this Paragraph 3.4, Officer shall be eligible during the Term to participate in any other equity or equity-based compensation plans of general applicability of Corporation on bases that are no less favorable than those applicable to other senior executives of Corporation.

(h) **** Compensation Upon and After an Executive Chairman Election.  For periods on and after the effective time of an Executive Chairman Election made in accordance with Paragraph 1, Officer’s compensation shall be determined by the Compensation Committee, but in no event shall the rate of compensation for the first two years beginning on and immediately following the effective time of such election be less than the sum of (i) Base Salary in effect at the time of such election and (ii) the amount of the Bonus payable at target level of performance for the fiscal year during which the election is made.

4. **** Termination of this Agreement; Change in Control .

4.1 **** Termination by Corporation Defined.

(a) **** Termination Without Cause.  Subject to the provisions set forth in Paragraph 4.3, “Termination Without Cause” shall constitute any termination of Officer’s employment by Corporation other than termination for Cause (as defined below).

(b) **** Termination for Cause.  Subject to the provisions set forth in Paragraph 4.3, prior to the Termination Date, Corporation shall have the right to terminate this Agreement for Cause 30 days after written notice has been delivered to Officer, which notice shall specify the specific facts relating to and reason for, and the effective date of, such termination (which date shall be the applicable Early Termination Date).  For purposes of this Agreement, “Cause” shall mean the following:

(i)                                   Officer’s use of alcohol or narcotics which proximately results in the willful material breach or habitual willful neglect of Officer’s duties under this Agreement;

(ii)                                Officer’s criminal conviction of fraud, embezzlement, misappropriation of assets, or any felony, but in no event traffic or similar violations; or

(iii)                             Officer’s willful Material Breach (as defined below) of this Agreement, if such willful Material Breach is not cured by Officer within 30 days after Corporation’s written notice thereof specifying the nature of such willful Material Breach.  For purposes of this Paragraph 4.1(b), the term willful “Material Breach” (A) shall mean the substantial and continual

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willful nonperformance of Officer’s material duties under this Agreement resulting from Officer’s gross negligence or willful misconduct which the Board reasonably determines has resulted in material injury to Corporation and (B) notwithstanding anything in this Paragraph 4.1(b) to the contrary, the term willful “Material Breach” shall include Officer’s willful material violation of any specific and proper resolution passed by the Board (or a committee thereof) consistent with this Agreement.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, Cause shall in no event be deemed to exist except (i) as to any event or condition allegedly constituting Cause, as to which notice is given not more than 30 days following the date that such event or condition first becomes known to the Board, and (ii) upon a finding reflected in a resolution of the Board approved by at least two-thirds of the members of the Board, excluding Officer (whose finding shall not be binding upon or entitled to any deference by any court, arbitrator or other decision-maker ruling on this Agreement), at a meeting of which Officer shall have been given proper notice and at which Officer (and Officer’s counsel) shall have a reasonable opportunity to present Officer’s case.

For purposes of this Paragraph 4.1(b), no act or omission or other conduct shall be considered “willful” if Officer believed in good faith that such act or omission or conduct was in or not opposed to the best interests of Corporation.

(c) **** Termination by Reason of Death or Disability.  Subject to the provisions set forth in Paragraph 4.3, prior to the Termination Date, Corporation shall have the right to terminate this Agreement by reason of Officer’s death or Permanent Disability.  For purposes of this benefit, “Permanent Disability” shall mean any physical or mental disability which causes Officer to be unable to perform all of Officer’s material duties as an employee of Corporation for 180 consecutive business days.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, if Corporation asserts that Officer has a Permanent Disability; (i)  Corporation shall give Officer at least 15 business days’ advance written notice thereof; (ii) Officer shall have the right within 10 business days after such notice to dispute Corporation’s assertion; (iii) within 10 business days after exercising such right Officer shall submit to a physical examination by a physician affiliated with any major metropolitan hospital and selected by Officer; provided, however, that, prior to such physical examination, Officer shall obtain the approval of the Board (or if applicable, its designated committee) with respect to the selection of such physician, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld; and (iv) if such physician shall issue his written statement to the effect that in his opinion, based on his diagnosis, Officer is capable of resuming his employment and devoting his full time and energy to discharging his duties within 10 business days after the date of such statement, Corporation shall not have the right to terminate Officer under this Paragraph 4.1(c) without further dispute.

4.2 **** Termination by Officer Defined.

(a) **** Termination Other than for Good Reason.  Subject to the provisions set forth in Paragraph 4.3, Officer shall have the right to terminate this Agreement for any reason other than for Good Reason (as defined below), at any time prior to the Termination Date, upon written notice delivered to Corporation 30 days prior to the effective date of termination specified in such notice (which date shall be the applicable Early Termination Date).

(b) **** Termination for Good Reason .  Subject to the provisions of Paragraph 4.3, Officer shall have the right to terminate this Agreement prior to the Termination Date in the event of Good Reason.  For the purposes of this Agreement, “Good Reason” shall mean, without Officer’s express written consent, the occurrence of any of the following circumstances, and in the case of clauses (i), (iii), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii) and (ix) of this Paragraph 4.2(b), failure of Corporation to cure such circumstances within 30 days after written notice thereof specifying the nature of such circumstances has been delivered

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to Corporation (it being agreed that, if Corporation effects a cure of an event or condition under any particular one of such clauses, it shall not again be permitted during the Term to cure an event or condition under that same clause); provided that Officer shall be required to provide such written notice to Corporation within 30 days following the date that such circumstance first becomes known to Officer:

(i)                                   the assignment to Officer of any duties inconsistent with Officer’s positions as set forth in Paragraph l, or an adverse alteration in the nature or status of Officer’s responsibilities, other than by virtue of an Executive Chairman Election made in accordance with Paragraph 1;

(ii)                                upon or after a Change in Control (as defined below), a substantial change in the nature of the business operations of Corporation;

(iii)                             a reduction by Corporation in Officer’s Base Salary or bonus opportunities (including, without limitation, any reduction in the target Bonus) as in effect on the date hereof or as the same may be increased from time to time;

(iv)                            the relocation of Corporation’s principal executive offices to a location outside the Los Angeles and Pasadena, California metropolitan areas, or Corporation’s requiring Officer to be based anywhere other than Corporation’s principal executive offices except for required travel on Corporation’s business to an extent substantially consistent with Officer’s business travel obligations immediately prior to the date hereof;

(v)                               the failure by Corporation to pay Officer any portion of his current compensation, or to pay Officer any portion of an installment of deferred compensation under any deferred compensation program of Corporation, within seven days of the date such compensation is due;

(vi)                            upon or after a Change in Control, the failure by Corporation to continue in effect any compensation plan in which Officer participates immediately prior to the Change in Control which is material to Officer’s total compensation, unless an equitable arrangement (embodied in an ongoing substitute or alternative plan) has been made with respect to such plan, or the failure by Corporation to continue Officer’s participation therein (or in such substitute or alternative plan) on a basis not materially less favorable, both in terms of the amount of benefits provided and the level of participation relative to other participants, as existed prior to the Change in Control;

(vii)                         upon or after a Change in Control, the failure by Corporation to continue to provide Officer with benefits substantially similar to those under any of Corporation’s directors and officers liability insurance, life insurance, medical, health and accident, or disability plans in which Officer was participating at the time of a Change in Control, the taking of any action by Corporation which would directly or indirectly materially reduce any of such benefits or deprive Officer of any material fringe benefit enjoyed by him at the time of a Change in Control, or the failure by Corporation to provide Officer with the number of paid vacation days to which he is entitled on the basis of years of service with Corporation in accordance with Corporation’s normal vacation policy in effect at the time of the Change in Control;

(viii)                      the failure of Corporation to obtain a satisfactory agreement from any successor to assume and agree to perform this Agreement; or

(ix)                            a material breach of this Agreement by Corporation.

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Officer’s right to terminate Officer’s employment for Good Reason shall not be affected by Officer’s incapacity due to physical or mental illness.  In addition, notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, any termination of employment by Corporation (other than a termination by Corporation for Cause), shall be treated as a termination by Officer for Good Reason.

4.3 **** Effect of Termination.  In the event that this Agreement is terminated by Corporation or Officer prior to the Termination Date in accordance with the provisions of this Paragraph 4, the obligations and covenants of the parties under this Paragraph 4 shall be of no further force and effect, except for the obligations of the parties set forth in this Paragraph 4.3 and, for the avoidance of doubt Paragraph 4.5, and such other provisions of this Agreement which shall survive termination of this Agreement as provided in Paragraph 6.11.  Except as otherwise specifically set forth in this Agreement, all amounts due upon termination shall be payable on the date such amounts would otherwise have been paid had the Agreement continued through its Term; provided, however, that subject to the provisions of each plan governing Deferred Amounts (as defined below), including, but not limited to, provisions that may delay the payment of Deferred Amounts until six months and one day after Officer’s Separation From Service (as defined in Paragraph 4.4(b)(i)), Deferred Amounts shall be payable within 30 days following the Early Termination Date.  In the event of any such early termination in accordance with the provisions of this Paragraph 4.3, Officer shall be entitled to the following:

(a) **** Termination by Corporation .

(i)                                   Termination Without Cause.  In the event that Corporation terminates this Agreement without Cause pursuant to Paragraph 4.1(a), Officer shall be entitled to:  (i) Earned Base Salary; (ii) any earned Bonus, for the fiscal year of Corporation immediately prior to the fiscal year in which Officer is terminated, that Officer is entitled to receive, pursuant to Paragraph 3.3, but which has not been paid to Officer as of the Early Termination Date, in the amount in which such Bonus either has been determined or approved by the Board or Compensation Committee or is readily ascertainable (in all cases without regard to any ability of the Board or Compensation Committee to exercise any negative discretion regarding payment), at the same time that other executive bonuses are determined, by reference to performance criteria previously established by the Board or Compensation Committee (an “Earned Bonus”); (iii) vested benefits pursuant to written employee benefit plans (“Earned Benefits”) and reimbursable expenses; (iv) any compensation earned but deferred (“Deferred Amounts”); (v) a pro rata Bonus for the portion of the fiscal year in which Officer’s termination occurs based on the amount that would have been earned (as determined by an independent certified public accountant mutually acceptable to Officer and Corporation) if the target level of performance had been achieved, provided,  that the Bonus that is to be prorated for the applicable year shall not be less than the Bonus for the immediately preceding year (a “Pro Rata Bonus”); (vi) the Severance Payment (as defined below); (vii) continued participation throughout the three-year period following Officer’s termination of employment in all medical and dental benefit plans, to the extent permitted by those plans (but at such costs no higher to Officer than as in effect immediately preceding such termination); provided that, after receiving reasonable request from Corporation reasonably in advance of the expiration of the election periods under COBRA (as defined in Paragraph 4.4(c)(iii)) and analogous provisions of state law, as applicable, Officer and covered dependents shall make reasonable efforts to make applicable elections thereunder (to the extent available); and provided further, that Corporation shall in no event be required to provide any benefits otherwise required by this clause (vii) after such time as Officer becomes enrolled in a plan of another employer or recipient of Officer’s services under which he is entitled to receive benefits of the same type (e.g., medical or dental); (viii) payment of full salary in lieu of all accrued but unused vacation; (ix) for a period of up to 180 days following Officer’s termination of employment, outplacement services (which shall be reasonable for an officer of Officer’s status at

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a company such as Corporation) through a bona fide outplacement organization acceptable to Officer that, at a minimum, agrees to supply Officer with outplacement counseling, a private office and administrative support, including telephone service (“Applicable Outplacement Services”); (x) (A) full and immediate vesting of any and all outstanding and unvested equity or equity-based compensation awards (including, without limitation,  restricted stock and stock options), the vesting of which otherwise depends only upon the passage of time, (B) if the applicable corporate or other performance goals are ultimately satisfied, the vesting of any and all awards of equity or equity-based compensation (including, without limitation, restricted stock and stock options), the vesting of which otherwise depends upon the satisfaction of corporate performance criteria, in an amount equal to (I) the amount of the award multiplied by (II) a fraction (x) the numerator of which is the number of days during the performance period on which Officer was employed and (y) the denominator of which is the number of days in the performance period, and (C) exercisability of any and all outstanding options for their full terms without regard to the termination; and (xi) (A) to the extent that any restricted stock award has not yet been granted for 2011, a fully vested restricted stock grant in an amount equal to the number of shares of restricted stock awarded in the year prior to the year in which the termination occurs, or, if higher, the average of the number of shares of restricted stock awarded for the second, third, and fourth fiscal years prior to the fiscal year in which the termination occurs (reduced by any grants already made for 2011), (B) for 2012 and thereafter, to the extent an LTI Grant has not been made with respect to the fiscal year prior to the fiscal year in which the termination occurs, a fully vested restricted stock grant in an amount equal to the number of shares of restricted stock awarded in the year prior to the year in which the termination occurs, or, if higher, the average of the number of shares of restricted stock awarded in the second, third, and fourth fiscal years prior to the fiscal year in which the termination occurs, and (C) for 2012 and thereafter, a fully vested restricted stock grant in an amount equal to the number of shares of restricted stock awarded in the year prior to the year in which the termination occurs, or, if higher, the average of the number of shares of restricted stock awarded in the second, third, and fourth fiscal years prior to the fiscal year in which the termination occurs.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event Officer’s participation in any such plan, program or arrangement described in this Paragraph 4.3(a)(i) is barred, or in the case of clause (vii),  subjects Corporation or Officer to materially adverse penalties or excise taxes, Corporation shall arrange to provide Officer with substantially similar benefits (on a post-tax basis).

(ii)                                Termination for Cause.  In the event that Corporation terminates this Agreement for Cause pursuant to Paragraph 4.1(b), Officer shall be entitled to (i) Earned Base Salary; (ii) any Earned Bonus; (iii) Earned Benefits and reimbursable expenses; and (iv) any Deferred Amounts.  Officer shall not be entitled to any Pro Rata Bonus, future annual Bonus or Severance Payment.

(iii)                             Termination Due to Death or Permanent Disability.  In the event that Officer’s employment is terminated by reason of death or Permanent Disability, he shall be entitled to all compensation and benefits described in Paragraph 4.3(a)(i) except that clause (vii) therein (relating to medical and dental benefits) shall be applied by substituting “18-month” for “three-year,” as the latter appears therein and, and clause (ix) therein shall be inapplicable.

(b) **** Termination by Officer .

(i)                                   Termination Other than for Good Reason.  In the event that Officer terminates this Agreement other than for Good Reason, Officer shall be entitled to (i) Earned Base Salary; (ii) any Earned Bonus; (iii) Earned Benefits and reimbursable expenses; and (iv) any Deferred Amounts.  Officer shall not be entitled to any Pro Rata Bonus, future annual Bonus or

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Severance Payment.  In addition, if the termination by Officer is on or after attainment of age 69, Officer shall be entitled to the payments and benefits described in clauses (vii), (viii) and (xi) of the first sentence of Paragraph 4.3(a)(i).

(ii)                                Termination for Good Reason.  In the event that Officer terminates this Agreement for Good Reason, Officer shall be entitled to all of the compensation and benefits to which he would be entitled under Paragraph 4.3(a)(i) in the event of a termination by Corporation without Cause; provided, however, that in the event that Officer terminates this Agreement for Good Reason pursuant to Paragraph 4.2(b)(iii), Earned Base Salary shall mean all semi-monthly installments of Base Salary as in effect on the date of termination or the date immediately prior to any reduction under Paragraph 4.2(b)(iii), whichever is greater, which have become due and payable to Officer, together with any partial monthly installment prorated on a daily basis up to and including the applicable Termination Date.

4.4 **** Severance Payment; Post-Employment Consulting

(a) **** Definition of “Severance Payment.”  For purposes of this Agreement, the term “Severance Payment” shall mean an amount equal to three times the sum of (i) Base Salary as in effect on the date of termination; plus (ii) an amount equal to (A) the sum of the Bonus paid to Officer with respect to each of the last three fiscal years of Corporation preceding the year in which the termination of this Agreement occurs, divided by (B) three; provided, however, that in the event that Officer terminates this Agreement for Good Reason pursuant to Paragraph 4.2(b)(iii), Severance Payment shall mean three times the sum of (i) the greater of (A) Base Salary, as in effect on the date of termination, or (B) Base Salary, as in effect on the date immediately prior to any reduction described in Paragraph 4.2(b)(iii); plus (ii) an amount equal to (A) the sum of the Bonus paid to Officer with respect to each of the last three fiscal years of Corporation preceding the year in which the termination of this Agreement occurs, divided by (B) three.  In the event that Officer is entitled to a Severance Payment, except by virtue of death or Permanent Disability, Officer shall provide post-employment consulting services pursuant to Paragraph 4.4(c)).  Notwithstanding the foregoing, if termination is after the effective time of an Executive Chairman Election, the Severance Payment shall mean the sum of (i) Officer’s Base Salary as in effect at the time of such election, plus (ii) the amount of the Bonus payable at target level of performance for the fiscal year during which the election is made or, if higher, for the prior fiscal year.

(b) **** Payment of Severance Payment and Pro Rata Bonus; Section 409A .  In the event that Officer is entitled to any Severance Payment or Pro Rata Bonus pursuant to Paragraph 4.3 or 4.5, such Severance Payment and Pro Rata Bonus shall be payable in a lump sum within 10 days following Officer’s termination of employment; provided, however, that:

(i)                                   payment of such amounts and any other amounts or benefits provided under this Agreement in connection with Officer’s termination of employment that constitute “deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations and other guidance thereunder and any state law of similar effect (collectively “Section 409A”) shall not commence in connection with Officer’s termination of employment unless and until Officer has also incurred a “separation from service” (as such term is defined in Treasury Regulations Section 1.409A-1(h) (“Separation From Service”)), unless Corporation reasonably determines that such amounts and benefits may be provided to Officer without causing Officer to incur the adverse personal tax consequences under Section 409A; and

(ii)                                it is intended that (a) each installment of any amounts or benefits payable under this Agreement be regarded as a separate “payment” for purposes of Treasury Regulations Section 1.409A-2(b)(2)(i) (and each such installment is hereby designated as separate for such purpose), (b) all

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payments of any such amounts or benefits satisfy, to the greatest extent possible, the exemptions from the application of Section 409A provided under Treasury Regulations Sections 1.409A-1(b)(4) and 1.409A-1(b)(9)(iii), and (c) any such amounts or benefits consisting of COBRA premiums also satisfy, to the greatest extent possible, the exemption from the application of Section 409A provided under Treasury Regulations Section 1.409A-1(b)(9)(v).  However, if any such amounts or benefits constitute “deferred compensation” under Section 409A and Officer is a “specified employee” of Corporation, as such term is defined in Section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i), then, solely to the extent necessary to avoid the incurrence of the adverse personal tax consequences under Section 409A, the timing of such benefit payments shall be delayed as follows: on the earlier to occur of (a) the date that is six months and one day after Officer’s Separation From Service and (b) the date of Officer’s death (such applicable date, the “Delayed Initial Payment Date”), Corporation shall (1) pay Officer a lump sum amount equal to the sum of the benefit payments that Officer would otherwise have received through the Delayed Initial Payment Date if the commencement of the payment of the benefits had not been delayed pursuant to this paragraph and (2) commence paying the balance, if any, of the benefits in accordance with the applicable payment schedule.

Officer and Corporation agree that one-half of any Severance Payment shall constitute consideration for Officer’s compliance with the post-employment consulting provisions of Paragraph 4.4(c) and the noncompetition obligation of Paragraph 5.

(c) **** Post-Employment Consulting .

(i)                                   Consulting Period.  In the event that Officer is entitled to a Severance Payment, except by virtue of death or Permanent Disability, Officer shall continue to provide services to Corporation as a consultant for the period (the “Consulting Period”) from the termination of Officer’s employment through the earlier of: the 12-month period following Officer’s termination of employment, or the date of the termination of Officer’s service as a consultant by Corporation due to Officer’s material breach of this Agreement.

(ii)                                Consulting Duties.  Officer shall be available to provide consulting services during the Consulting Period (or shorter period, if applicable) in Officer’s areas of expertise, as requested by the Chief Executive Officer of Corporation or the Board (or a committee of the Board).  Officer shall make himself available to provide such services for up to 20 hours per month for the first three months of the Consulting Period, and five hours per month for the remainder of the Consulting Period; provided that Officer shall not be required to provide services that would conflict with or otherwise interfere in any way with his duties or responsibilities (including, without limitation,  as to the time, place and manner of services) for any subsequent employer or other recipient of his services.  Corporation shall require such services at reasonable times and places mutually agreed upon by Corporation and Officer.  By way of example, it shall not be a breach of this Agreement if Officer has made himself available to render such services and Corporation does not require Officer to render all such services.

(iii)                             Independent Contractor Status.  During the Consulting Period (or shorter period, if applicable), Officer acknowledges and agrees that he (i) shall be an independent contractor of Corporation and not an employee, and (ii) shall not be entitled to any of the benefits that Corporation may make available solely to its employees, except as otherwise specifically set forth in this Agreement or to the extent that Officer elects continued health care coverage under the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 (“COBRA”) or analogous provisions of state law.  Consultant shall execute Corporation’s standard form of independent contractor consulting agreement, which shall among other things, require Consultant to refrain from unauthorized use and disclosure of Corporation’s confidential and proprietary information (but which shall in no event be more restrictive than this Agreement as to such matters).

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(iv)                            Expense Reimbursement.  Corporation shall reimburse Officer for all reasonable out-of-pocket business expenses incurred by Officer for the purpose of and in connection with the performance of his consulting services pursuant to this Agreement.  Officer shall be entitled to such reimbursement upon the presentation by Officer to Corporation of vouchers or other statements itemizing such expenses in reasonable detail consistent with Corporation’s policies.  The amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement pursuant to this Paragraph 4.4(c)(iv) during a calendar year shall not affect the amount of expenses eligible for reimbursement in any other calendar year.  Corporation shall reimburse Officer for any expense eligible for reimbursement pursuant to this Paragraph 4.4(c)(iv) on or before the end of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the expense was incurred.

4.5 **** Change in Control.

(a) **** Effect of Termination Following a Change in Control.  In the event that Corporation terminates this Agreement without Cause pursuant to Paragraph 4.1(a) or Officer terminates this Agreement for Good Reason pursuant to Paragraph 4.2(b), in each case within 12 months following the effective date of a Change in Control, then, without limiting any other provision of this Agreement, Officer shall be entitled to all of the compensation and benefits to which he would be entitled under Paragraph 4.3(a)(i) in the event of a termination by Corporation without Cause; provided, however, that, in the event that Officer terminates this Agreement for Good Reason pursuant to Paragraph 4.2(b)(iii), Earned Base Salary shall mean all semi-monthly installments of Base Salary as in effect on the date of termination or the date immediately prior to any reduction under Paragraph 4.2(b)(iii), whichever is greater, which have become due and payable to Officer, together with any partial monthly installment prorated on a daily basis up to and including the applicable Termination Date.

(b) **** Change in Control Defined.  For purposes of this Agreement, a “Change in Control” shall be deemed to have occurred if:

(i)                                   Any Person (as such term is used in section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended from time to time (the “Exchange Act”), as modified and used in sections 13(d) and 14(d) thereof, except that such term shall not include (A) Corporation or any of its subsidiaries, (B) a trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of Corporation or any of its affiliates, (C) an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to an offering of such securities, or (D) a corporation owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of Corporation in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of stock of Corporation) becomes the Beneficial Owner, as such term is defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, directly or indirectly, of securities of Corporation (not including in the securities beneficially owned by such Person any securities acquired directly from Corporation or its affiliates other than in connection with the acquisition by Corporation or its affiliates of a business) representing 25% or more of the combined voting power of Corporation’s then outstanding securities; or

(ii)                                The following individuals cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the number of directors then serving:  individuals who, on the date hereof, constitute the Board and any new director (other than a director whose initial assumption of office is in connection with an actual or threatened election contest, including but not limited to a consent solicitation, relating to the election of directors of Corporation) whose appointment or election by the Board or nomination for election by Corporation’s stockholders was approved or recommended by a vote of at least two-thirds of the directors then still in office who either were directors on the date hereof or whose appointment, election or nomination for election was previously so approved or recommended; or

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(iii)                             There is consummated a merger or consolidation of Corporation with any other corporation, other than (A) a merger or consolidation which would result in the voting securities of Corporation outstanding immediately prior to such merger or consolidation continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity or any parent thereof), in combination with the ownership of any trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of Corporation or any subsidiary of Corporation, at least 75% of the combined voting power of the securities of Corporation or such surviving entity or any parent thereof outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation, or (B) a merger or consolidation effected to implement a recapitalization of Corporation (or similar transaction) in which no Person is or becomes the Beneficial Owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of Corporation (not including in the securities beneficially owned by such Person any securities acquired directly from Corporation or its affiliates other than in connection with the acquisition by Corporation or its affiliates of a business) representing 25% or more of the combined voting power of Corporation’s then outstanding securities; or

(iv)                            The stockholders of Corporation approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of Corporation or there is consummated an agreement for the sale or disposition by Corporation of all or substantially all of Corporation’s assets, other than a sale or disposition by Corporation of all or substantially all of Corporation’s assets to an entity, at least 75% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of which are owned by stockholders of Corporation in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of Corporation immediately prior to such sale.

(c) **** Limitation on Payments .  If all, or any portion, of the payments provided under this Agreement, either alone or together with other payments or benefits that Officer receives or is entitled to receive from Corporation or an affiliate, would constitute a “parachute payment” within the meaning of Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), then Officer shall be entitled to receive (i) an amount limited so that no portion thereof shall be subject to an excise tax under Section 4999 of the Code (the “Limited Amount”), or (ii) if the amount otherwise payable hereunder (without regard to clause (i)) reduced by the excise tax imposed by Section 4999 of the Code (the “Excise Tax”) is greater than the Limited Amount, the amount otherwise payable hereunder.  Any reductions under this Paragraph 4.5 shall be made first from cash payments that are not payments of deferred compensation subject to Section 409A of the Code, next from other cash payments, and finally from the cancellation of the accelerated vesting of equity awards.

4.6 **** No Mitigation or Offset.  Officer shall not be required to mitigate damages under this Agreement by seeking other comparable employment or otherwise, and the amount of any payment or benefit provided for in this Agreement, shall not be reduced by any compensation earned by or provided to Officer as the result of employment by an employer other than Corporation.

5. **** Noncompetition .

During the Term and ending (i) 12 months following the date that Officer ceases to be an employee of Corporation other than in the event of a termination following a Change in Control pursuant to Paragraph 4.5, or (ii) three years following the date that Officer ceases to be an employee of Corporation in the event of a termination following a Change in Control pursuant to Paragraph 4.5, Officer shall not engage in any activity directly and materially competitive, with a material adverse impact on Corporation, with the business of Corporation.  (By way of example and for avoidance of ambiguity, the noncompetition period in the preceding sentence is intended to run for the stated period (12 months or three years, as applicable) from termination of employment, regardless of whether Officer is consulting for all or part of that period pursuant to the terms of Paragraph 4.4.)  This provision shall not

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be construed to prohibit Officer from owning up to 5% of the outstanding voting shares of the equity securities of any corporation whose common stock is listed for trading on any national securities exchange or on the NASDAQ system.

6. **** Miscellaneous .

6.1 **** Payment Obligations.  Corporation’s obligation to pay Officer the compensation and to make the arrangements provided herein shall be unconditional, and Officer shall have no obligation whatsoever to mitigate damages hereunder.  If arbitration after a Change in Control shall be brought to enforce or interpret any provision contained herein, Corporation shall, to the extent permitted by applicable law and Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws, indemnify Officer for Officer’s attorneys’ fees and disbursements incurred in such arbitration.

6.2 **** Confidentiality.  Officer agrees that all confidential and proprietary information relating to the business of Corporation shall be kept and treated as confidential both during and after the Term, except as may be permitted in writing by the Board or as such information is within the public domain or comes within the public domain without any breach of this Agreement; provided, however, that this Paragraph 6.2 imposes no obligation upon Officer with respect to information that (i) was in Officer’s possession before receipt from Employer; (ii) is disclosed to immediate family members, or to tax, financial, or legal advisors for purposes of obtaining such advice; (iii) is rightfully received by Officer from a third party who does not have a duty of confidentiality; or (iv) is disclosed as required by law or legal process.

6.3 **** Waiver.  The waiver of the breach of any provision of this Agreement shall not operate or be construed as a waiver of any subsequent breach of the same or other provision hereof.

6.4 **** Entire Agreement; Modifications.

(a) **** Except as otherwise provided herein, this Agreement (together with the agreements and plans referred to herein) represents the entire understanding among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and this Agreement supersedes any and all prior understandings, agreements, plans and negotiations, whether written or oral, with respect to the subject matter hereof, including without limitation that certain Amended and Restated Executive Employment Agreement between Corporation and Officer effective as of January 1, 2005 (other than the second sentence of the third paragraph of Section 3.4(g) thereof, which shall survive in accordance with its terms).  All modifications to the Agreement must be in writing and signed by the party against whom enforcement of such modification is sought.

(b) **** Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Agreement shall adversely affect any compensation or benefit earned for a period beginning prior to the Effective Date, or any incentive award granted on a date prior to the Effective Date.

6.5 **** Notices.  All notices and other communications under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be given by facsimile or first class mail, certified or registered with return receipt requested, and shall be deemed to have been duly given three days after mailing or 24 hours after transmission of a facsimile (if the receipt of the facsimile is confirmed) to the respective persons named below:

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If to Corporation: Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.
385 East Colorado Boulevard
Suite 299
Pasadena, CA  91101
Phone:  (626) 578 0777
If to Officer: Joel S. Marcus,
at the address shown on the execution page hereof.
With a copy to:
Ropes & Gray LLP
1211 Avenue of the Americas
New York, New York 10036-8704
Attention: Andrew L. Oringer, Esq.
Phone:  (212) 596 9702

Any Party may change such Party’s address for notices by notice duly given pursuant hereto.

6.6 **** Headings.  The Paragraph headings herein are intended for reference only and shall not by themselves determine the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.

6.7 **** Governing Law.  Other than with respect to Paragraph 6.13, this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California without regard to its principles of conflict of laws.

6.8 **** Arbitration.  Any dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement or its enforcement, breach, performance, or interpretation, that cannot be settled by good faith negotiation between the parties shall be submitted to Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Services, Inc. (“JAMS”), or its successor, for final and binding arbitration by a single arbitrator in Los Angeles, California, pursuant to JAMS’ then applicable arbitration rules (incorporated herein by reference), which arbitration shall be the exclusive remedy of the parties hereto.  By agreeing to this arbitration procedure, the parties waive the right to resolve any such dispute through a trial by jury or judge or by administrative proceeding.  The resulting arbitration shall be deemed equivalent to a final order of a court having jurisdiction over the subject matter, shall not be appealable, and shall be enforceable in any court of competent jurisdiction.  The arbitrator shall (i) have the authority to compel adequate discovery for the resolution of the dispute and to award such relief as would otherwise be permitted by law, and (ii) issue a written arbitration decision including the arbitrator’s essential findings and conclusions and a statement of the award.  Corporation shall pay all of JAMS’ administrative fees (including but not limited to arbitrator fees) for this arbitration.  Submission to arbitration shall not preclude the right of any party hereto involved in a dispute regarding this Agreement (each, a “Disputing Party” and collectively, the “Disputing Parties”) to institute proceedings for injunctive relief to prevent irreparable harm pending the arbitration of a matter subject to arbitration pursuant to this Agreement.  Subject to the exceptions contained in Paragraph 6.2, any documentation and information submitted by any party in the arbitration proceeding shall be kept strictly confidential by the parties and the arbitrator.

6.9 **** Severability.  Should a court or other body of competent jurisdiction determine that any provision of this Agreement is excessive in scope or otherwise invalid or unenforceable, such provision shall be adjusted rather than voided, if possible, and enforced along with all other provisions of this Agreement to the extent possible under applicable law consistent with the intent of the parties.

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6.10 **** Survival of Corporation’s Obligations.  Corporation’s obligations hereunder shall not be terminated by reason of any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy, cessation of business, or similar event relating to Corporation.  This Agreement shall not be terminated by any merger or consolidation or other reorganization of Corporation.  In the event any such merger, consolidation or reorganization shall be accomplished by transfer of stock or by transfer of assets or otherwise, the provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the surviving or resulting corporation or person.  This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the executors, administrators, heirs, successors and assigns of the parties; provided, however, that except as herein expressly provided, this Agreement shall not be assignable either by Corporation (except to an affiliate of Corporation, in which event Corporation shall remain liable if the affiliate fails to meet any obligations to make payments or provide benefits or otherwise) or by Officer.

6.11 **** Survival of Certain Rights and Obligations . The rights and obligations of the parties hereto pursuant to Paragraphs 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 5, 6.1 through 6.11 and 6.13, hereof shall survive the termination of this Agreement.

6.12 **** Counterparts.  This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same Agreement.

6.13 **** Indemnification and Insurance.  In addition to any rights to indemnification to which Officer is entitled under Corporation’s Articles of Incorporation and By-Laws, Corporation shall indemnify Officer at all times during and after the Term to the maximum extent permitted under Section 2-418 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Maryland or any successor provision thereof and any other applicable state law, and shall pay Officer’s expenses in defending any civil or criminal action, suit, or proceeding in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit, or proceeding, to the maximum extent permitted under such applicable state laws.  It is expressly understood and agreed that Corporation shall continue to indemnify Officer as provided above after the Term has ended for any claims that may be made against him with respect to his service as a director or officer of Corporation.  Corporation shall cover Officer, at Corporation’s expense, under director and officer insurance which provides coverage not less than the amount of coverage on the date hereof, covering any and all claims arising out of Officer’s tenure as an officer, director or manager of Corporation, both during and, at all times while potential liability exists, after the Term on a basis no less favorable in each and every respect as is applicable to any officer, director or manager (whether current or former), as applicable, of Corporation.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement.

CORPORATION:
ALEXANDRIA REAL ESTATE EQUITIES, INC.,
a Maryland corporation
By: /s/ Dean A. Shigenaga
Name: Dean A. Shigenaga
Title: Chief Financial Officer
Date: April 26, 2012
OFFICER:
By: /s/ Joel S. Marcus
Joel S. Marcus
Date: April 26, 2012

EXHIBIT A

BONUS

1. **** Bonus .

With respect to each fiscal year of Corporation occurring during the Term, Officer shall be eligible to receive a Bonus, 60% of which shall be payable based on upon the achievement of certain corporate performance criteria (“Corporate Performance Criteria”), and 40% of which shall be payable based upon the achievement of certain individual performance criteria (“Individual Performance Criteria”).  The Bonus payable, if any, shall have a threshold amount equal to 75% of Base Salary, a target amount equal to 150% of Base Salary, and a maximum amount equal to 225% of Base Salary.  The Bonus payable, if any, for any fiscal year shall be payable only following written certification by the Compensation Committee of the requisite corporate performance in two installments, with 50% payable on April 1 and the remaining 50% payable on July 1 of the year immediately following the fiscal year to which such Bonus relates.

2. **** Performance Criteria .

The specific Corporate Performance Criteria to be achieved (i) shall be determined by the Compensation Committee **** (A) with respect to 2012, not later than 90 days after the execution of the Agreement, and (B) with respect to any other fiscal year of Corporation, not later than 90 days after the beginning of the fiscal year, and (ii) shall be based on Corporation’s achievement during the applicable fiscal year of the following categories of initiatives with the following weightings: (1) balance sheet management, including investment grade rating, capital allocation and debt/equity raising, 30%, (2) net operating income growth, excluding the impact of asset sales, 30%, (3) operating margins relative to peers, excluding the impact of asset sales, 20%, and (4) leasing activity/quality, 20%.  The specific Individual Performance Criteria to be achieved shall be determined by the Compensation Committee **** with respect to 2012, not later than 90 days after the execution of the Agreement, and with respect to any other fiscal year of Corporation, not later than 90 days after the beginning of the fiscal year.  Both the Corporate Performance Criteria and the Individual Performance Criteria shall be reasonably determined by the Compensation Committee in good faith following consultation with Officer.


EXHIBIT B

2012 PERFORMANCE-BASED RESTRICTED STOCK GRANT

Performance Criteria

In connection with the 2012 Performance-Based Restricted Stock grant, for each fiscal year of Corporation during the three-year period beginning from January 1, 2012 through December 31, 2014, the Compensation Committee shall determine not later than 90 days after the beginning of the applicable fiscal year, or, in the case of 2012, concurrent with the grant of such award in the time period specified in Section 3.4(g)(i) of this Agreement, specific performance criteria to be achieved during that fiscal year by Corporation related to one or more of the following categories of initiatives (i) compounded annual growth rate in normalized funds from operations per diluted share, (ii) compounded annual growth rate on investment in common stock, and (iii) funds from operations multiple.  The specific performance criteria (which, for the avoidance of doubt, shall not be based on or relate to Officer’s individual performance) shall be reasonably determined by the Compensation Committee in good faith following consultation with Officer, and the level of performance achieved shall be certified in writing by the Compensation Committee before any portion of such grant may vest.


EXHIBIT C

CERTAIN PERFORMANCE-BASED STOCK

1. **** Performance-Based Stock .

During the Term, Officer shall be eligible to receive an LTI Grant, 50% of which shall be in the form of an award of Performance-Based Stock payable based on the achievement of performance criteria with respect to two components, an absolute component (the “Absolute Component”) and a relative component (the “Relative Component”), each representing 50% of the award.  For the avoidance of doubt, performance criteria shall not be based on or relate to Officer’s individual performance.

2. **** Performance Criteria . The following criteria shall apply with respect to each LTI Grant.

2.1 Absolute Component.  The Absolute Component shall be 50% of the Performance-Based Stock award.  For each Performance Year (as defined below), 33.33% of one-third of the Absolute Component shall be earned if total shareholder return of Corporation, as calculated below (“TSR”), for the Performance Year is equal to 6%, and 100% of one-third of the Absolute Component shall be earned if TSR for the Performance Year is greater than or equal to 10% (the “Maximum Absolute TSR”), with a proportionate amount earned interpolated on a linear basis if TSR is greater than 6% and less than the Maximum Absolute TSR.  For example, 83.33% of one-third of the Absolute Component would be earned if TSR for the Performance Year is equal to 9%.

2.2 Relative Component.  The Relative Component shall be 50% of the Performance-Based Stock award.  For each Performance Year, 50% of one-third of the Relative Component shall be earned if TSR for the Performance Year is equal to the FTSE NAREIT Equity Office Index, and 100% of one-third of the Relative Component shall be earned if TSR for the Performance Year is greater than or equal to the sum of the FTSE NAREIT Equity Office Index plus 3% (the “Maximum Relative TSR”), with a proportionate amount earned interpolated on a linear basis if TSR is greater than the FTSE NAREIT Equity Office Index and less than the Maximum Relative TSR.  For example, 83.33% of one-third of the Relative Component would be earned if TSR for the Performance Year is equal to the sum of the FTSE NAREIT Equity Office Index plus 2%.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, a minimum of 50% of one-third of the Relative Component shall be earned in any year if the TSR for such Performance Year is greater than or equal to 10%.

2.3 Calculating TSR.

(a) With respect to an LTI Grant, a “Performance Year” shall mean the fiscal year of Corporation, with the first Performance Year being the fiscal year of Corporation in which the LTI Grant is made, and the second and third Performance Years being the immediately succeeding fiscal years of Corporation.

(b) For purposes of calculating Corporation’s annual TSR with respect to both the Absolute Component and the Relative Component for an LTI Grant, TSR shall be measured based on the change in the price of a share of Corporation’s common stock from the beginning of the Performance Year (using the closing price of Corporation’s stock on the last day on which Corporation’s stock is traded during the immediately preceding fiscal year) until the end of the Performance Year (using the closing price of Corporation’s stock on the last day on which Corporation’s stock is traded during such Performance Year), adjusted to reflect the reinvestment of dividends.  TSR with respect to each


Performance Year shall be determined and certified in writing by the Compensation Committee as soon as practicable, but not later than 30 days following the end of the applicable Performance Year.

3. **** Carry-Back and Carry-Forward .

If, with respect to any Performance Year, TSR exceeds the Maximum Absolute TSR or the Maximum Relative TSR, such excess, as applicable, may be applied to the TSR for the Absolute Component or Relative Component, as applicable, in a prior or subsequent Performance Year in which the Maximum Absolute TSR or Maximum Relative TSR, respectively, was not achieved.  For example, with respect to the Absolute Component, if, during the second Performance Year, TSR equals 14%, the excess over the Maximum Absolute TSR (i.e., 4%) may be applied to the TSR in the first or third Performance Years to the extent the Maximum Absolute TSR was not achieved in such year.  Carry-backs shall be effected first, with remaining amounts being carried forward.


EXHIBIT 12.1

ALEXANDRIA REAL ESTATE EQUITIES, INC.

COMPUTATION OF CONSOLIDATED RATIO OF EARNINGS TO COMBINED FIXED

CHARGES AND PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS

(in thousands, except ratios)

Three Months<br> Ended<br> March 31, Year Ended December 31, (a)
2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007
Income from continuing operations before noncontrolling interests $ 32,804 (b) $ 136,281 (b) $ 137,916 (b) $ 135,016 $ 100,268 $ 75,723
Add: Interest expense 16,227 63,407 69,509 82,111 85,222 93,390
Subtract: Noncontrolling interests in income of subsidiaries that have not incurred fixed charges (116 ) (1,323 ) (1,156 ) (1,217 ) (1,304 ) (1,407 )
Earnings available for fixed charges $ 48,915 $ 198,365 $ 206,269 $ 215,910 $ 184,186 $ 167,706
Combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends:
Interest incurred $ 31,313 $ 120,644 $ 132,345 $ 148,207 $ 151,443 $ 142,492
Preferred stock dividends 7,483 28,357 28,357 28,357 24,225 12,020
Preferred stock redemption charge 5,978 2,799
Total combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends $ 44,774 $ 149,001 $ 160,702 $ 176,564 $ 175,668 $ 157,311
Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends (c) 1.09 (d) 1.33 (e) 1.28 (f) 1.22 1.05 (g) 1.07 (h)

(a)           Amounts disclosed for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation related to discontinued operations.

(b)           Income from continuing operations before noncontrolling interests for the three months ended March 31, 2012, and the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, includes the gain on sales of land parcels of approximately $1.9 million, $46,000, and $59.4 million, respectively. Pursuant to the presentation and disclosure literature on gains/losses on sales or disposals by real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) and earnings per share required by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Financial Accounting Standards Board, gains or losses on sales or disposals by a REIT that do not qualify as discontinued operations are classified below income from discontinued operations in the statements of income and are included in the numerator for the computation of earnings per share for income from continuing operations. The land parcels we sold during the three months ended March 31, 2012, and the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, did not meet the criteria for discontinued operations because the parcels did not have any significant operations prior to disposition. Accordingly, for the three months ended March 31, 2012, and the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, we classified the $1.9 million, $46,000, and $59.4 million, respectively, gain on sales of land parcels below income from discontinued operations, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of income, and included the gain in income from continuing operations for the computation of earnings per share.

(c)           For purposes of calculating the consolidated ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends, earnings consist of earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and fixed charges less noncontrolling interests in income of subsidiaries that have not incurred fixed charges. Fixed charges consist of interest incurred (including amortization of deferred financing costs and capitalized interest), preferred stock dividends and preferred stock redemption charge.

(d)           Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends for the three months ended March 31, 2012, includes the effect of losses on early extinguishment of debt aggregating $0.6 million and a preferred stock redemption charge of $6.0 million.  Excluding the impact of losses on early extinguishment of debt and the preferred stock redemption charge, the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends for the three months ended March 31, 2012, was 1.28.

(e)           Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends for the year ended December 31, 2011, includes the effect of loss on early extinguishment of debt aggregating $6.5 million and a non-cash impairment charge of approximately $1.0 million. Excluding the impact of loss on early extinguishment of debt and the non-cash impairment charge, the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends for the year ended December 31, 2011, was 1.38.

(f)            Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends for the year ended December 31, 2010, includes the effect of loss on early extinguishment of debt aggregating $45.2 million. Excluding the impact of loss on early extinguishment of debt, the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends for the year ended December 31, 2010, was 1.56.

(g)           Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends for the year ended December 31, 2008, includes the effect of non-cash impairment charges aggregating $13.3 million for other-than-temporary declines in the fair value of certain investments. Excluding the impact of the non-cash impairment charges, the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends for the year ended December 31, 2008, was 1.12.

(h)          Ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends for the year ended December 31, 2007, includes the effect of the preferred stock redemption charge. Excluding the impact of this charge, the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends for the year ended December 31, 2007, was 1.09.


EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER PURSUANT

TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Joel S. Marcus, certify that:

1.               I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.;

2.               Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.               Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.               The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.               Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.              Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.               Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.              Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.               The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.               All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

b.              Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 4, 2012

/s/ Joel S. Marcus
Joel S. Marcus
Chief Executive Officer

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER PURSUANT

TO

SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Dean A. Shigenaga, certify that:

1.               I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.;

2.               Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.               Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.               The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a.               Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b.              Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c.               Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d.              Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.               The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a.               All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize, and report financial information; and

b.              Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: May 4, 2012

/s/ Dean A. Shigenaga
Dean A. Shigenaga
Chief Financial Officer

EXHIBIT 32.0

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350.

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Joel S. Marcus, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. for the quarter ended March 31, 2012, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in such report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.

Date: May 4, 2012

/s/ Joel S. Marcus
Joel S. Marcus
Chief Executive Officer

I, Dean A. Shigenaga, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. for the quarter ended March 31, 2012, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in such report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.

Date: May 4, 2012

/s/ Dean A. Shigenaga
Dean A. Shigenaga
Chief Financial Officer