8-K
NAVIENT CORP (NAVI)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): April 27, 2021
Navient Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 001-36228 | 46-4054283 |
|---|---|---|
| (State or other jurisdiction<br> <br>of incorporation) | (Commission<br> <br>File Number) | (I.R.S. Employer<br> <br>Identification No.) |
| 123 Justison Street, Wilmington, Delaware | 19801 | |
| --- | --- | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (302) 283-8000
Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
| ☐ | Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
|---|---|
| ☐ | Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
| --- | --- |
| ☐ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
| --- | --- |
| ☐ | Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
| --- | --- |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading<br> <br>Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange<br> <br>on which registered |
|---|---|---|
| Common stock, par value $.01 per share | NAVI | The NASDAQ Global Select Market |
| 6% Senior Notes due December 15, 2043 | JSM | The NASDAQ Global Select Market |
| ITEM 2.02 | RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL CONDITION. | |
| --- | --- |
On April 27, 2021, Navient Corporation (the “Company”) issued an informational press release announcing its financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 were available on the “Investor” page of its website located at https://www.navient.com/investors. Additionally, on April 27, 2021, the Company posted its financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 to its above-referenced web location. A copy of each press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 and Exhibit 99.2 hereto.
| ITEM 9.01 | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS. |
|---|
(d) Exhibits
| Exhibit<br> <br>Number | Description |
|---|---|
| 99.1* | Press Release, dated April 27, 2021. |
| 99.2* | Financial Press Release, dated April 27, 2021. |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document). |
| * | Furnished herewith. |
| --- | --- |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
| NAVIENT CORPORATION | ||
|---|---|---|
| Date: April 27, 2021 | By: | /s/ JOE FISHER |
| Joe Fisher | ||
| Chief Financial Officer |
EX-99.1
Exhibit 99.1
NEWS RELEASE
For immediate release
Navient posts first quarter 2021 financial results
WILMINGTON, Del., April 27, 2021 — Navient (Nasdaq: NAVI), a leading provider of education loan management and business processing solutions, today posted its 2021 first quarter financial results. The complete financial results release is available on the company’s website at **** Navient.com/investors. The results will also be available on Form 8-K on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Navient will hold a conference call tomorrow, April 28, 2021, at 8 a.m. ET, hosted by Jack Remondi, president and CEO, and Joe Fisher, CFO.
To access the conference call, dial 855-838-4156 (USA and Canada) or 267-751-3600 (international) and use access code 1291876 starting at 7:45 a.m. ET. The live audio webcast will be available on Navient.com/investors. Supplemental financial information and presentation slides used during the call will be available on the company’s website no later than the call’s start time.
A replay may be accessed approximately two hours after the call through May 12, 2021, at 855-859-2056 (USA and Canada) or 404-537-3406 (international), with access code 1291876.
* * *
About Navient
Navient (Nasdaq: NAVI) is a leading provider of education loan management and business processing solutions for education, healthcare, and government clients at the federal, state, and local levels. Navient helps clients and millions of Americans achieve success through technology-enabled financing, services, and support. Learn more at Navient.com.
Contact:
Media: Paul Hartwick, 302-283-4026, paul.hartwick@navient.com
Investor: Nathan Rutledge, 703-984-6801, nathan.rutledge@navient.com
#
EX-99.2
Exhibit 99.2
| NAVIENT REPORTS FIRST-QUARTER<br><br><br>2021 FINANCIAL RESULTS |
|---|
WILMINGTON, Del., April 27, 2021 — Navient (Nasdaq: NAVI) today released its first-quarter 2021 financial results.
| OVERALL RESULTS | • GAAP net<br>income of $370 million ($2.00 diluted earnings per share) compared to a net loss of $106 million ($0.53 diluted loss per share) in the year-ago quarter.<br><br><br><br> <br>• Adjusted diluted Core Earnings^(1)^ per share of $1.71 compared to $0.51 in the year-ago quarter.<br> <br><br><br><br>• Core Earnings^(1)^ of $305 million ($1.65<br>diluted Core Earnings per share) compared to $93 million ($0.46 diluted Core Earnings per share) in the year-ago quarter. |
|---|
CEO COMMENTARY – “Navient’s operational agility and scalable technology has helped millions of people across the country receive critical pandemic-related services, access student loan repayment relief and lower their interest rates,” said Jack Remondi, CEO and president. “This quarter’s results and financing activities highlight the strong quality of the education loan portfolio and reflect ongoing momentum across all of our businesses. I am especially proud of our team’s ability to adapt to this challenging environment and the changing needs of our customers and clients.”
| HIGHLIGHTS COMPARED TO THE YEAR-AGO QUARTER | |
|---|---|
| FEDERALEDUCATION LOANS SEGMENT | • Net income decreased<br>$7 million, or 6%, from $119 million to $112 million.<br> <br><br><br><br>• Net interest income increased 9%.<br><br><br><br> <br>• FFELP Loan delinquency rate<br>decreased 21% from 10.5% to 8.3%. |
| --- | --- |
| CONSUMER LENDING SEGMENT | • Net income increased $180 million, or 333%, from<br>$54 million to $234 million.<br> <br><br><br><br>• Sold $1.6 billion of Private Education Loans, resulting in: (1) gains on sales of<br>$89 million; and (2) the reversal of $102 million of allowance for loan losses through provision.<br> <br><br><br><br>• Originated $1.7 billion of Private Education Refinance Loans.<br><br><br><br> <br>• Private Education Loan<br>delinquency rate decreased 36% from 3.6% to 2.3%. |
| BUSINESSPROCESSING SEGMENT | • EBITDA^(1)^increased $32 million, or 800%,<br>from $4 million to $36 million, primarily due to revenue earned from contracts to support states in providing unemployment benefits, contact tracing and vaccine administration services.<br><br><br><br> <br>• Revenue increased<br>$68 million, or 119%, to $125 million. |
| CAPITAL | • Adjusted tangible equity ratio^(1)^ of 6.2%. Pro<br>forma adjusted tangible equity ratio^(1)^ of 8.1%.<br> <br><br><br><br>• Repurchased $100 million of common shares.<br><br><br><br> <br>• Paid $29 million in common<br>stock dividends.<br> <br><br><br><br>• $500 million common share repurchase authority remains outstanding. |
| FUNDING & LIQUIDITY | • Issued $2.8 billion in term ABS and $500 million in unsecured debt.<br><br><br><br> <br>• On April 5, 2021, retired<br>$627 million of the remaining unsecured debt scheduled to mature in 2021. |
| EXPENSES | • Adjusted Core Earnings expenses^(1)^ increased<br>$7 million to $251 million. This increase was a result of a $37 million increase in expenses in the Business Processing segment in connection with the $68 million increase in related revenue, with an offsetting $30 million<br>decrease in expenses primarily in the Federal Education Loans and Other segments. |
| ^(1)^ | Item is a non-GAAP financial measure. For a description and reconciliation, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” on pages 15 – 23. |
| --- | --- |
| SEGMENT RESULTS — COREEARNINGS | |
| --- | |
| FEDERALEDUCATION LOANS | |
| --- | |
| In this segment, Navient owns FFELP Loans and performs servicing and asset recovery services for this loan portfolio, as well as<br>for federal education loans owned by the U.S. Department of Education and other institutions. |
FINANCIAL RESULTS AND KEY PERFORMANCE METRICS
| (Dollars in millions) | 1Q21 | 4Q20 | 1Q20 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net interest income | $ | 144 | $ | 162 | $ | 132 |
| Provision for loan losses | — | — | 6 | |||
| Other revenue | 66 | 79 | 113 | |||
| Total revenue | 210 | 241 | 239 | |||
| Expenses | 63 | 70 | 83 | |||
| Pre-tax income | 147 | 171 | 156 | |||
| Net income | $ | 112 | $ | 134 | $ | 119 |
| Segment net interest margin | .97% | 1.06% | .81% | |||
| FFELP Loans: | ||||||
| FFELP Loan spread | 1.03% | 1.12% | .87% | |||
| Provision for loan losses | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 6 |
| Charge-offs | $ | 6 | $ | 9 | $ | 19 |
| Charge-off rate | .06% | .07% | .15% | |||
| Greater than 30-days delinquency rate | 8.3% | 9.2% | 10.5% | |||
| Greater than 90-days delinquency rate | 3.5% | 4.6% | 5.4% | |||
| Forbearance rate | 15.5% | 13.8% | 15.1% | |||
| Average FFELP Loans | $ | 58,078 | $ | 59,389 | $ | 63,894 |
| Ending FFELP Loans, net | $ | 56,873 | $ | 58,284 | $ | 62,492 |
| (Dollars in billions) | ||||||
| Number of accounts serviced for ED (in millions) | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.6 | |||
| Total federal loans serviced | $ | 285 | $ | 284 | $ | 285 |
| Contingent collections receivables inventory | $ | 10.9 | $ | 10.2 | $ | 13.6 |
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS — 1Q21 vs. 1Q20
| • | Core Earnings were $112 million compared to $119 million. |
|---|---|
| • | Net interest income increased $12 million (9%) primarily due to a favorable interest rate environment as a result of<br>the decrease in interest rates even as the average loan balance declined 9%. |
| --- | --- |
| • | Provision for loan losses decreased $6 million. |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | Charge-offs were $6 million compared with $19 million. |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | Delinquencies greater than 30 days were $3.8 billion compared with $5.3 billion. |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | Forbearances were $8.5 billion, down $546 million from $9.0 billion. Forbearances have declined by<br>approximately $8.7 billion from the COVID-19 peak in second-quarter 2020. |
| --- | --- |
| • | Other revenue decreased $47 million primarily due to a $39 million decrease in asset recovery revenue, which was<br>primarily a result of the wind-down of the ED asset recovery contract as well as the impact of COVID-19 on certain collection activities. |
| --- | --- |
| • | Expenses were $20 million lower primarily as a result of the decrease in asset recovery revenue discussed above as<br>well as improvements in operating efficiencies. |
| --- | --- |
2
CONSUMER LENDING
In this segment, Navient owns, originates, acquires and services consumer loans.
FINANCIAL RESULTS AND KEY PERFORMANCE METRICS
| (Dollars in millions) | 1Q21 | 4Q20 | 1Q20 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net interest income | $ | 169 | $ | 176 | $ | 196 |
| Provision for loan losses | (87) | 2 | 89 | |||
| Other revenue | 90 | 1 | 2 | |||
| Total revenue | 346 | 175 | 109 | |||
| Expenses | 41 | 37 | 39 | |||
| Pre-tax income | 305 | 138 | 70 | |||
| Net income | $ | 234 | $ | 108 | $ | 54 |
| Segment net interest margin | 2.99% | 3.02% | 3.31% | |||
| Private Education Loans (including Refinance Loans): | ||||||
| Private Education Loan spread | 3.21% | 3.22% | 3.51% | |||
| Provision for loan losses | $ | (87) | $ | 2 | $ | 89 |
| Charge-offs | $ | 35 | $ | 28 | $ | 68 |
| Charge-off rate | .68% | .53% | 1.27% | |||
| Greater than 30-days delinquency rate | 2.3% | 2.6% | 3.6% | |||
| Greater than 90-days delinquency rate | .9% | 1.0% | 1.6% | |||
| Forbearance rate | 3.9% | 3.9% | 6.9% | |||
| Average Private Education Loans | $ | 22,143 | $ | 22,296 | $ | 23,112 |
| Ending Private Education Loans, net | $ | 19,742 | $ | 21,079 | $ | 22,338 |
| Private Education Refinance Loans: | ||||||
| Charge-offs | $ | 3 | $ | 2 | $ | 2 |
| Greater than 90-days delinquency rate | .1% | .1% | .1% | |||
| Average Private Education Refinance Loans | $ | 8,604 | $ | 8,167 | $ | 7,149 |
| Ending Private Education Refinance Loans, net | $ | 7,882 | $ | 8,202 | $ | 7,722 |
| Private Education Refinance Loan originations | $ | <br>1,671 | $ | 1,148 | $ | 1,890 |
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS — 1Q21 vs. 1Q20
| • | Originated $1.7 billion of Private Education Refinance Loans compared to $1.9 billion. |
|---|---|
| • | Core Earnings were $234 million compared to $54 million. |
| --- | --- |
| • | Net interest income decreased $27 million primarily due to the natural paydown of the<br>non-refinance loan portfolio. |
| --- | --- |
| • | Provision for loan losses decreased $176 million. There was not a significant change in the credit quality of the<br>education loan portfolio or in the current and forecasted economic conditions since December 31, 2020. The negative provision of $(87) million in the first quarter of 2021 was primarily related to the reversal of $102 million of allowance<br>for loan losses in connection with the sale of approximately $1.6 billion of Private Education Loans discussed below. This was partially offset by provision related to loan originations. The provision in the<br>year-ago quarter primarily related to an increase in expected losses due to COVID-19’s negative impact on the current and forecasted economic conditions that<br>occurred subsequent to the adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020. |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | Charge-offs were $35 million compared with $68 million. |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | Private Education Loan delinquencies greater than 90 days: $181 million, down $166 million from<br>$347 million. |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | Private Education Loan delinquencies greater than 30 days: $460 million, down $309 million from<br>$769 million. |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | Private Education Loan forbearances: $797 million, down $786 million from $1.6 billion. Forbearances have<br>declined by approximately $2.6 billion from the COVID-19 peak in second-quarter 2020. |
| --- | --- |
| • | Gains on sales of education loans (included in “Other revenue”) were $89 million in connection with the sale<br>of approximately $1.6 billion of Private Education Loans in first-quarter 2021. There were no such sales in the year-ago quarter. The sales of Private Education Loans were comprised of two separate<br>transactions: |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | Approximately $560 million of non-Refinance Loans, resulting in a<br>$46 million gain on sale; and |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | Approximately $1.03 billion of Refinance Loans, resulting in a $43 million gain on sale. |
| --- | --- |
| • | Expenses were $2 million higher. |
| --- | --- |
3
BUSINESS PROCESSING
In this segment, Navient performs business processing services for non-education related government and healthcare clients.
FINANCIAL RESULTS AND KEY PERFORMANCE METRICS
| (Dollars in millions) | 1Q21 | 4Q20 | 1Q20 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue from government services | $ | 63 | $ | 58 | $ | 33 |
| Revenue from healthcare services | 62 | 35 | 24 | |||
| Total fee revenue | 125 | 93 | 57 | |||
| Expenses | 91 | 74 | 54 | |||
| Pre-tax income | 34 | 19 | 3 | |||
| Net income | $ | 26 | $ | 15 | $ | 2 |
| EBITDA^(1)^ | $ | 36 | $ | 22 | $ | 4 |
| EBITDA margin^(1)^ | 29% | 23% | 7% | |||
| Contingent collections receivables inventory (in billions) | $ | 18.7 | $ | 17.8 | $ | 15.1 |
| ^(1)^ | Item is a non-GAAP financial measure. For an explanation and reconciliation of our<br>non-GAAP financial measures, see pages 15 - 23. | |||||
| --- | --- |
DISCUSSION OF RESULTS — 1Q21 vs. 1Q20
| • | Core Earnings were $26 million compared to $2 million. |
|---|---|
| • | Revenue increased $68 million, or 119%, primarily as a result of revenue earned from contracts to support states in<br>providing unemployment benefits, contact tracing and vaccine administration services. These increases were partially offset by the impact of COVID-19 on certain collection and processing activities.<br> |
| --- | --- |
| • | EBITDA was $36 million, up $32 million, or 800%. The increase in EBITDA is primarily the result of the revenue<br>increase discussed above. The EBITDA margin increased to 29% from 7%. |
| --- | --- |
Definitions for capitalized terms in this release can be found in Navient’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (filed with the SEC on February 26, 2021).
Navient will host an earnings conference call tomorrow, April 28, 2021, at 8 a.m. ET. Navient executives will be on hand to discuss various highlights of the quarter and to answer questions related to the company’s performance. To participate, join a live audio webcast at navient.com/investors or dial 855-838-4156 (USA and Canada) or dial 267-751-3600 (international) and use access code 1291876 starting at 7:45 a.m. ET.
Presentation slides for the conference call, as well as additional information about the company’s loan portfolios, operating segments and other details, may be accessed at www.navient.com/investors under the webcasts tab.
A replay of the conference call will be available approximately two hours after the call’s conclusion through May 12, 2021, at navient.com/investors or by dialing 855-859-2056 (USA and Canada) or 404-537-3406 (international) with access code 1291876.
This news release contains “forward-lookingstatements,” within the meaning of the federal securities law, about our business and prospects and other information that is based on management’s current expectations as of the date of this release. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about the company’s beliefs, opinions or expectations and statements that assume or are dependent upon future events, are forward-looking statements and often contain words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “see,” “will,” “would,” “may,” “could,” “should,” “goal,” or “target.” Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from those reflected in such forward-looking statements. For Navient, these factors include, among others, the severity, magnitude and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, including changes in the macroeconomic environment, restrictions on business, individual or travel activities intended to slow the spread of the pandemic and volatility in market conditions resulting from the pandemic including interest rates, the value of equities and other financial assets; the risks and uncertainties associated with increases in financing costs; the
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availability of financing or limits on our liquidity resulting from disruptions in the capital markets or other factors; unanticipated increases in costs associated with compliance with federal, state or local laws and regulations; changes in the demand for asset management and business processing solutions or other changes in marketplaces in which we compete (including increased competition); changes in accounting standards including but not limited to changes pertaining to loan loss reserves and estimates or other accounting standards that may impact our operations; adverse outcomes in any significant litigation to which the company is a party; credit risk associated with the company’s underwriting standards or exposure to third parties, including counterparties to hedging transactions; and changes in the terms of education loans and the educational credit marketplace (including changes resulting from the CARES Act or other new laws and the implementation of existing laws). The company could also be affected by, among other things: unanticipated repayment trends on loans including prepayments or deferrals in our securitization trusts that could accelerate or delay repayment of the bonds; reductions to our credit ratings, the credit ratings of asset-backed securitizations we sponsor or the credit ratings of the United States of America; failures of our operating systems or infrastructure or those of third-party vendors; risks related to cybersecurity including the potential disruption of our systems or those of our third-party vendors or customers, or potential disclosure of confidential customer information; damage to our reputation resulting from cyber-breaches, litigation, the politicization of student loan servicing or other actions or factors; failure to successfully implement cost-cutting initiatives and adverse effects of such initiatives on our business; failure to adequately integrate acquisitions or realize anticipated benefits from acquisitions including delays or errors in converting portfolio acquisitions to our servicing platform; changes in law and regulations whether new laws or regulations, or new interpretations of existing laws and regulations applicable to any of our businesses or activities or those of our vendors, suppliers or customers; changes in the general interest rate environment, including the availability of any relevant money-market index rate, including LIBOR, or the relationship between the relevant money-market index rate and the rate at which our assets are priced; our ability to successfully effectuate any acquisitions and other strategic initiatives; activities by shareholder activists, including a proxy contest or any unsolicited takeover proposal; changes in general economic conditions; and the other factors that are described in the “Risk Factors” section of Navient’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, and in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The preparation of the company’s consolidated financial statements also requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions including estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates or assumptions may prove to be incorrect and actual results could differ materially. All forward-looking statements contained in this release are qualified by these cautionary statements and are made only as of the date of this release. The company does not undertake any obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements except as required by law.
* * *
About Navient
Navient (Nasdaq: NAVI) is a leading provider of education loan management and business processing solutions for education, healthcare, and government clients at the federal, state, and local levels. Navient helps clients and millions of Americans achieve success through technology-enabled financing, services and support. Learn more at Navient.com.
Contact:
| Media: | Paul Hartwick, 302-283-4026, <br>paul.hartwick@navient.com |
|---|---|
| Investors: | Nathan Rutledge,<br>703-984-6801, nathan.rutledge@navient.com |
# # #
5
| SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND RATIOS | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (In millions, except per share data) | March 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | March 31, 2020 | |||
| GAAP Basis | ||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 370 | $ | 186 | $ | (106) |
| Diluted earnings (loss) per common share | $ | 2.00 | $ | .99 | $ | (.53) |
| Weighted average shares used to compute diluted earnings per share | 185 | 188 | 200 | |||
| Return on assets | 1.78% | .86% | (.47)% | |||
| Core Earnings Basis^(1)^ | ||||||
| Net income | $ | 305 | $ | 166 | $ | 93 |
| Diluted earnings per common share | $ | 1.65 | $ | .88 | $ | .46 |
| Adjusted diluted earnings per common share^(1)^ | $ | 1.71 | $ | .97 | $ | .51 |
| Weighted average shares used to compute diluted earnings per share | 185 | 188 | 202 | |||
| Net interest margin, Federal Education Loan segment | .97% | 1.06% | .81% | |||
| Net interest margin, Consumer Lending segment | 2.99% | 3.02% | 3.31% | |||
| Return on assets | 1.46% | .77% | .41% | |||
| Education Loan Portfolio^(2)^ | ||||||
| Ending FFELP Loans, net | $ | 56,873 | $ | 58,284 | $ | 62,492 |
| Ending Private Education Loans, net | 19,742 | 21,079 | 22,338 | |||
| Ending total education loans, net | $ | 76,615 | $ | 79,363 | $ | 84,830 |
| Average FFELP Loans | $ | 58,078 | $ | 59,389 | $ | 63,894 |
| Average Private Education Loans | 22,143 | 22,296 | 23,112 | |||
| Average total education loans | $ | 80,221 | $ | 81,685 | $ | 87,006 |
| ^(1)^ | Item is a non-GAAP financial measure. For a description and reconciliation, see<br>the section titled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures – Core Earnings.” | |||||
| --- | --- | |||||
| ^(2)^ | Balances are the same for GAAP and Core Earnings basis. | |||||
| --- | --- |
6
| RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
|---|
We present the results of operations below first in accordance with GAAP. Following our discussion of earnings results on a GAAP basis, we present our results on a segment basis. We have four reportable operating segments: Federal Education Loans, Consumer Lending, Business Processing and Other. These segments operate in distinct business environments and we manage and evaluate the financial performance of these segments using non-GAAP financial measures we call Core Earnings (see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures – Core Earnings” for further discussion).
| GAAP INCOME STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| March 31, 2021vs.December 31, 2020 | March 31, 2021vs.March 31, 2020 | |||||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| QUARTERS ENDED | Increase(Decrease) | Increase(Decrease) | ||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share data) | March 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | March 31, 2020 | % | % | |||||||
| Interest income: | ||||||||||||
| FFELP Loans | $ | 373 | $ | 401 | $ | 571 | (7)% | (35)% | ||||
| Private Education Loans | 319 | 329 | 404 | (3) | (21) | |||||||
| Cash and investments | — | — | 12 | — | (100) | |||||||
| Total interest income | 692 | 730 | 987 | (5) | (30) | |||||||
| Total interest expense | 329 | 387 | 714 | (15) | (54) | |||||||
| Net interest income | 363 | 343 | 273 | 6 | 33 | |||||||
| Less: provisions for loan losses | (87) | 2 | 95 | (4,450) | (192) | |||||||
| Net interest income after provisions for loan losses | 450 | 341 | 178 | 32 | 153 | |||||||
| Other income (loss): | ||||||||||||
| Servicing revenue | 53 | 51 | 58 | 4 | (9) | |||||||
| Asset recovery and business processing revenue | 139 | 121 | 110 | 15 | 26 | |||||||
| Other income (loss) | — | 3 | 7 | (100) | (100) | |||||||
| Gains on sales of loans | 76 | — | — | 100 | 100 | |||||||
| Losses on debt repurchases | — | (6) | — | (100) | — | |||||||
| Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | 36 | (1) | (223) | 3,700 | 116 | |||||||
| Total other income (loss) | 304 | 168 | (48) | 81 | 733 | |||||||
| Expenses: | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 259 | 269 | 251 | (4) | 3 | |||||||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization expense | 5 | 5 | 5 | — | — | |||||||
| Restructuring/other reorganization expenses | 6 | — | 5 | 100 | 20 | |||||||
| Total expenses | 270 | 274 | 261 | (1) | 3 | |||||||
| Income (loss) before income tax expense | 484 | 235 | (131) | 106 | 469 | |||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 114 | 49 | (25) | 133 | 556 | |||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 370 | $ | 186 | $ | (106) | 99% | 449% | ||||
| Basic earnings (loss) per common share | $ | 2.02 | $ | 1.00 | $ | (.53) | 102% | 481% | ||||
| Diluted earnings (loss) per common share | $ | 2.00 | $ | .99 | $ | (.53) | 102% | 477% | ||||
| Dividends per common share | $ | .16 | $ | .16 | $ | .16 | —% | —% |
All values are in US Dollars.
7
| GAAP BALANCE SHEETS(UNAUDITED) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (In millions, except share and per share data) | December 31, 2020 | March 31, 2020 | |||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Assets | |||||
| FFELP Loans (net of allowance for losses of 282, 288 and 311, respectively) | 56,873 | $ | 58,284 | $ | 62,492 |
| Private Education Loans (net of allowance for losses of 992, 1,089 and 1,083, respectively) | 19,742 | 21,079 | 22,338 | ||
| Investments | 303 | 285 | 316 | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 1,497 | 1,183 | 1,084 | ||
| Restricted cash and cash equivalents | 2,605 | 2,354 | 2,684 | ||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible assets, net | 731 | 735 | 752 | ||
| Other assets | 3,206 | 3,492 | 3,579 | ||
| Total assets | 84,957 | $ | 87,412 | $ | 93,245 |
| Liabilities | |||||
| Short-term borrowings | 5,684 | $ | 6,613 | $ | 8,452 |
| Long-term borrowings | 75,674 | 77,332 | 81,297 | ||
| Other liabilities | 862 | 1,020 | 1,448 | ||
| Total liabilities | 82,220 | 84,965 | 91,197 | ||
| Commitments and contingencies | |||||
| Equity | |||||
| Common stock, par value 0.01 per share; 1.125 billion shares authorized: 457 million,<br>454 million and 453 million shares, respectively, issued | 4 | 4 | 4 | ||
| Additional paid-in capital | 3,255 | 3,226 | 3,212 | ||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax expense | (226) | (274) | (300) | ||
| Retained earnings | 3,670 | 3,331 | 2,905 | ||
| Total Navient Corporation stockholders’ equity before treasury stock | 6,703 | 6,287 | 5,821 | ||
| Less: Common stock held in treasury: 278 million, 267 million and 259 million shares,<br>respectively | (3,980) | (3,854) | (3,786) | ||
| Total Navient Corporation stockholders’ equity | 2,723 | 2,433 | 2,035 | ||
| Noncontrolling interest | 14 | 14 | 13 | ||
| Total equity | 2,737 | 2,447 | 2,048 | ||
| Total liabilities and equity | 84,957 | $ | 87,412 | $ | 93,245 |
All values are in US Dollars.
8
| COMPARISON OF 2021RESULTS WITH 2020 |
|---|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 Compared with Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
For the three months ended March 31, 2020, net income was $370 million, or $2.00 diluted earnings per common share, compared with a net loss of $106 million, or $0.53 diluted loss per common share, for the year-ago period.
The primary contributors to the change in net income are as follows:
| • | Net interest income increased by $90 million, primarily as a result of a $54 million increase in mark-to-market gains on fair value hedges recorded in interest expense. Also contributing to the increase is a favorable interest rate environment with lower interest rates<br>and the growth in the Private Education Refinance Loan portfolio. Partially offsetting this increase is the continued natural paydown of the FFELP and non-refinance Private Education Loan portfolios.<br> |
|---|---|
| • | Provisions for loan losses decreased $182 million from $95 million to $(87) million: |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | The provision for FFELP loan losses decreased $6 million to $0. |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | The provision for Private Education Loan losses decreased $176 million from $89 million to $(87) million.<br> |
| --- | --- |
There was not a significant change in the credit quality of the loan portfolio or in the current and forecasted economic conditions since December 31, 2020. The negative provision of $(87) million in the first quarter of 2021 was primarily related to the reversal of $102 million of allowance for loan losses in connection with the sale of approximately $1.6 billion of Private Education Loans discussed below. This was partially offset by provision related to loan originations. The provision in the year-ago quarter primarily related to an increase in expected losses due to COVID-19’s negative impact on the current and forecasted economic conditions that occurred subsequent to the adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020
| • | Asset recovery and business processing revenue increased $29 million primarily as a result of $68 million of<br>revenue earned in our Business Processing segment from contracts to support states in providing unemployment benefits, contact tracing and vaccine administration services in connection with COVID-19. This was<br>partially offset by the wind-down of the ED asset recovery contract in the Federal Education Loan segment and the impact of COVID-19 (temporary stoppage or other restrictions on certain collection and<br>processing activities, and lower volume in the transportation business). |
|---|---|
| • | Gains of sales of loans increased $76 million in connection with the sale of approximately $1.6 billion of<br>Private Education Loans in first-quarter 2021. There were no such sales in the year-ago quarter. The sale of Private Education Loans was comprised of two separate transactions: |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | Approximately $560 million of non-Refinance Loans, resulting in a<br>$46 million gain on sale; and |
| --- | --- |
| ^○^ | Approximately $1.03 billion of Refinance Loans, resulting in a $30 million gain on sale. In addition, there was a<br>$13 million gain related to derivatives that were used to hedge this transaction that did not qualify for hedge accounting. As a result, this gain related to the derivatives was included as a part of “gains (losses) on derivative and<br>hedging activities, net” on the income statement. |
| --- | --- |
| • | Net gains on derivative and hedging activities increased $259 million. The primary factors affecting the change were<br>interest rate and foreign currency fluctuations, which impact the valuations of derivative instruments including Floor Income Contracts, basis swaps and foreign currency hedges during each period. Valuations of derivative instruments fluctuate based<br>upon many factors including changes in interest rates, credit risk, foreign currency fluctuations and other market factors. As a result, net gains and losses on derivative and hedging activities may vary significantly in future periods.<br> |
| --- | --- |
| • | Excluding net regulatory-related expenses of $8 million and $7 million in the first quarters of 2021 and 2020,<br>respectively, operating expenses were $251 million and $244 million in the first quarters of 2021 and 2020, respectively. This $7 million increase was a result of a $37 million increase in expenses in the Business Processing<br>segment in connection with the $68 million increase in segment revenue, with an offsetting $30 million decrease in expenses primarily in the Federal Education Loans and Other segments as a result of the decrease of Federal Education Loan<br>asset recovery revenue discussed above as well as improvements in operating efficiencies. |
| --- | --- |
| • | During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, the Company incurred $6 million and<br>$5 million, respectively of restructuring/other reorganization expenses in connection with an effort to reduce costs and improve operating efficiency. These charges were primarily due to facility lease terminations and severance-related costs.<br> |
| --- | --- |
9
We repurchased 8.2 million and 23.0 million shares of our common stock during the first quarters of 2021 and 2020, respectively. As a result of repurchases, our average outstanding diluted shares decreased by 15 million common shares (or 8%) from the year-ago period.
| PRIVATE EDUCATION LOANS PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE |
|---|
Private Education Loan Delinquencies and Forbearance
| March 31,<br>2021 | December 31,<br>2020 | March 31,<br>2020 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in millions) | Balance | % | Balance | % | Balance | % | ||||||
| Loans in-school/grace/deferment^(1)^ | $ | 457 | $ | 483 | $ | 603 | ||||||
| Loans in forbearance^(2)^ | 797 | 844 | 1,583 | |||||||||
| Loans in repayment and percentage of each status: | ||||||||||||
| Loans current | 19,020 | 97.7% | 20,287 | 97.4% | 20,466 | 96.4% | ||||||
| Loans delinquent 31-60 days^(3)^ | 179 | .9 | 211 | 1.0 | 265 | 1.3 | ||||||
| Loans delinquent 61-90 days^(3)^ | 100 | .5 | 126 | .6 | 157 | .7 | ||||||
| Loans delinquent greater than 90 days^(3)^ | 181 | .9 | 217 | 1.0 | 347 | 1.6 | ||||||
| Total Private Education Loans in repayment | 19,480 | 100% | 20,841 | 100% | 21,235 | 100% | ||||||
| Total Private Education Loans | 20,734 | 22,168 | 23,421 | |||||||||
| Private Education Loan allowance for losses | (992) | (1,089) | (1,083) | |||||||||
| Private Education Loans, net | $ | 19,742 | $ | 21,079 | $ | 22,338 | ||||||
| Percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 94.0% | 94.0% | 90.7% | |||||||||
| Delinquencies as a percentage of Private Education Loans in repayment | 2.3% | 2.6% | 3.6% | |||||||||
| Loans in forbearance as a percentage of loans in repayment and forbearance | 3.9% | 3.9% | 6.9% | |||||||||
| Cosigner rate^(4)^ | 40% | 41% | 43% | |||||||||
| ^(1)^ | Deferment includes customers who have returned to school or are engaged in other permitted educational activities and are<br>not yet required to make payments on the loans, e.g., residency periods for medical students or a grace period for bar exam preparation. | |||||||||||
| --- | --- | |||||||||||
| ^(2)^ | Loans for customers who have requested extension of grace period generally during employment transition or who have<br>temporarily ceased making full payments due to hardship or other factors such as disaster relief, including COVID-19 relief programs, consistent with established loan program servicing policies and procedures.<br> | |||||||||||
| --- | --- | |||||||||||
| ^(3)^ | The period of delinquency is based on the number of days scheduled payments are contractually past due.<br> | |||||||||||
| --- | --- | |||||||||||
| ^(4)^ | Excluding Private Education Refinance Loans, which do not have a cosigner, the cosigner rate was 65% for first-quarter<br>2021, fourth-quarter 2020 and first-quarter 2020. | |||||||||||
| --- | --- |
10
| ALLOWANCE FOR LOAN LOSSES | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QUARTER ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| March 31, 2021 | ||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | FFELP<br>Loans | Private Education Loans | Total | |||
| Allowance at beginning of period | $ | 288 | $ | 1,089 | $ | 1,377 |
| Provision: | ||||||
| Reversal of allowance related to loan sales^(1)^ | — | (102) | (102) | |||
| Remaining provision | — | 15 | 15 | |||
| Total provision | — | (87) | (87) | |||
| Charge-offs^(2)^ | (6) | (35) | (41) | |||
| Decrease in expected future recoveries on charged-off loans^(3)^ | — | 25 | 25 | |||
| Allowance at end of period | 282 | 992 | 1,274 | |||
| Plus: expected future recoveries on charged off<br>loans^(3)^ | — | 454 | 454 | |||
| Allowance at end of period excluding expected future recoveries on<br>charged-off loans^(4)^ | $ | 282 | $ | 1,446 | $ | 1,728 |
| Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) | .06% | .68% | ||||
| Allowance coverage of charge-offs<br>(annualized)^(4)^ | 10.7 | 10.2 | ||||
| Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan<br>balance^(4)^ | .5% | 7.0% | ||||
| Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in<br>repayment^(4)^ | .6% | 7.4% | ||||
| Ending total loans | $ | 57,155 | $ | 20,734 | ||
| Average loans in repayment | $ | 47,044 | $ | 20,883 | ||
| Ending loans in repayment | $ | 45,922 | $ | 19,480 | ||
| QUARTER ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| December 31, 2020 | ||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | FFELP<br>Loans | Private Education Loans | Total | |||
| Allowance at beginning of period | $ | 297 | $ | 1,091 | $ | 1,388 |
| Total provision | — | 2 | 2 | |||
| Charge-offs^(2)^ | (9) | (28) | (37) | |||
| Decrease in expected future recoveries on charged-off loans^(3)^ | — | 24 | 24 | |||
| Allowance at end of period | 288 | 1,089 | 1,377 | |||
| Plus: expected future recoveries on charged off<br>loans^(3)^ | — | 479 | 479 | |||
| Allowance at end of period excluding expected future recoveries on<br>charged-off loans^(4)^ | $ | 288 | $ | 1,568 | $ | 1,856 |
| Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) | .07% | .53% | ||||
| Allowance coverage of charge-offs<br>(annualized)^(4)^ | 8.1 | 14.0 | ||||
| Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan<br>balance^(4)^ | .5% | 7.1% | ||||
| Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in<br>repayment^(4)^ | .6% | 7.5% | ||||
| Ending total loans | $ | 58,572 | $ | 22,168 | ||
| Average loans in repayment | $ | 48,324 | $ | 20,939 | ||
| Ending loans in repayment | $ | 48,057 | $ | 20,841 |
11
| (Dollars in millions) | Private Education Loans | Total | |||
| Allowance as of December 31, 2019 | 64 | $ | 1,048 | $ | 1,112 |
| Transition adjustment made under CECL on January 1,<br>2020(5) | 260 | (3) | 257 | ||
| Allowance as of January 1, 2020 after transition adjustment to CECL | 324 | 1,045 | 1,369 | ||
| Total provision | 6 | 89 | 95 | ||
| Charge-offs(2) | (19) | (68) | (87) | ||
| Decrease in expected future recoveries on charged-off loans(3) | — | 17 | 17 | ||
| Allowance at end of period | 311 | 1,083 | 1,394 | ||
| Plus: expected future recoveries on charged off<br>loans(3) | — | 571 | 571 | ||
| Allowance at end of period excluding expected future recoveries on<br>charged-off loans(4) | 311 | $ | 1,654 | $ | 1,965 |
| Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans in repayment (annualized) | .15% | 1.27% | |||
| Allowance coverage of charge-offs<br>(annualized)(4) | 4.1 | 6.0 | |||
| Allowance as a percentage of the ending total loan<br>balance(4) | .5% | 7.1% | |||
| Allowance as a percentage of ending loans in<br>repayment(4) | .6% | 7.8% | |||
| Ending total loans | 62,803 | $ | 23,421 | ||
| Average loans in repayment | 52,460 | $ | 21,601 | ||
| Ending loans in repayment | 50,514 | $ | 21,235 | ||
| (1) In connection with the sale of approximately<br>1.6 billion of Private Education Loans. | |||||
| (2) Charge-offs are reported<br>net of expected recoveries. For Private Education Loans, at the time of charge-off, the expected recovery amount is transferred from the education loan balance to the allowance for loan loss and is referred to<br>as the “expected future recoveries on charged-off loans.” For FFELP Loans, the recovery is received at the time of charge-off. | |||||
| (3) At the end of each month,<br>for loans that are 212 or more days past due, we charge off the estimated loss of a defaulted loan balance. Actual recoveries are applied against the remaining loan balance that was not charged off. We refer to this as the expected future recoveries<br>on charged-off loans. If actual periodic recoveries are less than expected, the difference is immediately charged off through the allowance for Private Education Loan losses with an offsetting reduction in the<br>expected future recoveries on charged-off loans. If actual periodic recoveries are greater than expected, they will be reflected as a recovery through the allowance for Private Education Loan losses once the<br>cumulative recovery amount exceeds the cumulative amount originally expected to be recovered. The following table summarizes the activity in the expected future recoveries on charged-off loans: | |||||
| (Dollars in millions) | December 31,<br>2020 | March 31,<br>2020 | |||
| Beginning of period expected recoveries | 479 | $ | 503 | $ | 588 |
| Expected future recoveries of current period defaults | 5 | 4 | 13 | ||
| Recoveries | (25) | (23) | (28) | ||
| Charge-offs | (5) | (5) | (2) | ||
| End of period expected recoveries | 454 | $ | 479 | $ | 571 |
| Change in balance during period | (25) | $ | (24) | $ | (17) |
All values are in US Dollars.
| ^(4)^ | The allowance used for these metrics excludes the expected future recoveries on<br>charged-off loans to better reflect the current expected credit losses remaining in the portfolio. |
|---|---|
| ^(5)^ | For a further discussion of our adoption of CECL, see “Note 2 – Significant Accounting Policies” in our<br>2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K. |
| --- | --- |
12
| LIQUIDITY AND CAPITALRESOURCES |
|---|
We expect to fund our ongoing liquidity needs, including the repayment of $1.4 billion of senior unsecured notes that mature in the short term (i.e., over the next 12 months, of which $627 million was retired in April 2021) and the remaining $7.4 billion of senior unsecured notes that mature in the long term (from 2022 to 2043 with 85% maturing by 2029), primarily through our current cash, investments and unencumbered FFELP Loan and Private Education Refinance Loan portfolios (see “Sources of Liquidity” below), the predictable operating cash flows provided by operating activities, the repayment of principal on unencumbered education loan assets, and the distribution of overcollateralization from our securitization trusts. We may also, depending on market conditions and availability, draw down on our secured FFELP Loan and Private Education Loan facilities, issue term ABS, enter into additional Private Education Loan ABS repurchase facilities, or issue additional unsecured debt.
We originate Private Education Loans. We also have purchased and may purchase, in future periods, Private Education Loan and FFELP Loan portfolios from third parties. Those originations and purchases are part of our ongoing liquidity needs. We purchased 8.2 million shares of common stock for $100 million in the first quarter of 2021. We had $500 million of remaining share repurchase authority as of March 31, 2021.
| SOURCES OF LIQUIDITY |
|---|
Sources of Primary Liquidity
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2021 | December 31, 2020 | March 31, 2020 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ending balances: | ||||||
| Total unrestricted cash and liquid investments | $ | 1,497 | $ | 1,183 | $ | 1,084 |
| Unencumbered FFELP Loans | 259 | 208 | 209 | |||
| Unencumbered Private Education Refinance Loans | 936 | 274 | 427 | |||
| Total | $ | 2,692 | $ | 1,665 | $ | 1,720 |
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2021 | December 31, 2020 | March 31, 2020 | |||
| Average balances: | ||||||
| Total unrestricted cash and liquid investments | $ | 1,198 | $ | 1,365 | $ | 1,151 |
| Unencumbered FFELP Loans | 276 | 387 | 336 | |||
| Unencumbered Private Education Refinance Loans | 752 | 572 | 694 | |||
| Total | $ | 2,226 | $ | 2,324 | $ | 2,181 |
13
Sources of Additional Liquidity
Liquidity may also be available under our secured credit facilities. Maximum borrowing capacity under the FFELP Loan and Private Education Loan asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP) facilities will vary and be subject to each agreement’s borrowing conditions, including, among others, facility size, current usage and availability of qualifying collateral from unencumbered loans. The following tables detail the additional borrowing capacity of these facilities with maturity dates ranging from June 2021 to April 2023.
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2021 | December 31,<br>2020 | March 31, 2020 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ending balances: | ||||||
| FFELP Loan ABCP facilities | $ | 826 | $ | 506 | $ | 768 |
| Private Education Loan ABCP facilities | 2,844 | 2,221 | 539 | |||
| Total | $ | 3,670 | $ | 2,727 | $ | 1,307 |
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31, 2021 | December 31,<br>2020 | March 31, 2020 | |||
| Average balances: | ||||||
| FFELP Loan ABCP facilities | $ | 656 | $ | 542 | $ | 852 |
| Private Education Loan ABCP facilities | 2,420 | 2,138 | 886 | |||
| Total | $ | 3,076 | $ | 2,680 | $ | 1,738 |
At March 31, 2021, we had a total of $6.1 billion of unencumbered tangible assets inclusive of those listed in the table above as sources of primary liquidity. Total unencumbered education loans comprised $3.0 billion of our unencumbered tangible assets of which $2.8 billion and $0.3 billion related to Private Education Loans and FFELP Loans, respectively. In addition, as of March 31, 2021, we had $5.8 billion of encumbered net assets (i.e., overcollateralization) in our various financing facilities (consolidated variable interest entities). Since the fourth quarter of 2015, we have closed on $4.3 billion of Private Education Loan ABS Repurchase Facilities, with $0.8 billion outstanding as of March 31, 2021. These repurchase facilities are collateralized by Residual Interests in previously issued Private Education Loan ABS trusts. These are examples of how we can effectively finance previously encumbered assets to generate additional liquidity in addition to the unencumbered assets we traditionally have encumbered in the past. Additionally, these repurchase facilities had a cost of funds lower than that of a new unsecured debt issuance.
The following table reconciles encumbered and unencumbered assets and their net impact on total Tangible Equity.
| (Dollars in billions) | March 31, 2021 | December 31,2020 | March 31, 2020 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net assets of consolidated variable interest entities <br>(encumbered assets) — FFELP<br>Loans | $ | 3.8 | $ | 3.9 | $ | 4.1 |
| Net assets of consolidated variable interest entities <br>(encumbered assets) — Private Education<br>Loans | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.5 | |||
| Tangible unencumbered assets^(1)^ | 6.1 | 5.4 | 5.6 | |||
| Senior unsecured debt | (8.8) | (8.4) | (9.5) | |||
| Mark-to-market on unsecured<br>hedged debt^(2)^ | (.5) | (.7) | (.8) | |||
| Other liabilities, net | (.6) | (.6) | (.6) | |||
| Total Tangible Equity^(1)^ | $ | 2.0 | $ | 1.7 | $ | 1.3 |
| ^(1)^ | Item is a non-GAAP financial measure. For a description and reconciliation, see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” | |||||
| --- | --- | |||||
| ^(2)^ | At March 31, 2021, December 31, 2020 and March 31, 2020, there were $437 million, $634 million<br>and $743 million, respectively, of net gains (losses) on derivatives hedging this debt in unencumbered assets, which partially offset these gains (losses). | |||||
| --- | --- |
14
| NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES |
|---|
In addition to financial results reported on a GAAP basis, Navient also provides certain performance measures which are non-GAAP financial measures. We present the following non-GAAP financial measures: (1) Core Earnings, (2) Adjusted Tangible Equity Ratio and (3) EBITDA for the Business Processing segment.
1. Core Earnings
We prepare financial statements and present financial results in accordance with GAAP. However, we also evaluate our business segments and present financial results on a basis that differs from GAAP. We refer to this different basis of presentation as Core Earnings. We provide this Core Earnings basis of presentation on a consolidated basis and for each business segment because this is what we review internally when making management decisions regarding our performance and how we allocate resources. We also refer to this information in our presentations with credit rating agencies, lenders and investors. Because our Core Earnings basis of presentation corresponds to our segment financial presentations, we are required by GAAP to provide certain Core Earnings disclosures in the notes to our consolidated financial statements for our business segments.
Core Earnings are not a substitute for reported results under GAAP. We use Core Earnings to manage our business segments because Core Earnings reflect adjustments to GAAP financial results for two items, discussed below, that can create significant volatility mostly due to timing factors generally beyond the control of management. Accordingly, we believe that Core Earnings provide management with a useful basis from which to better evaluate results from ongoing operations against the business plan or against results from prior periods. Consequently, we disclose this information because we believe it provides investors with additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely assessed by management. When compared to GAAP results, the two items we remove to result in our Core Earnings presentations are:
| (1) | Mark-to-market gains/losses resulting<br>from our use of derivative instruments to hedge our economic risks that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment or do qualify for hedge accounting treatment but result in ineffectiveness; and |
|---|---|
| (2) | The accounting for goodwill and acquired intangible assets. |
| --- | --- |
While GAAP provides a uniform, comprehensive basis of accounting, for the reasons described above, our Core Earnings basis of presentation does not. Core Earnings are subject to certain general and specific limitations that investors should carefully consider. For example, there is no comprehensive, authoritative guidance for management reporting. Our Core Earnings are not defined terms within GAAP and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Accordingly, our Core Earnings presentation does not represent a comprehensive basis of accounting. Investors, therefore, may not be able to compare our performance with that of other financial services companies based upon Core Earnings. Core Earnings results are only meant to supplement GAAP results by providing additional information regarding the operational and performance indicators that are most closely used by management, our board of directors, credit rating agencies, lenders and investors to assess performance.
15
The following tables show Core Earnings for each reportable segment and our business as a whole along with the adjustments made to the income/expense items to reconcile the amounts to our reported GAAP results as required by GAAP.
| QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in millions) | FederalEducationLoans | ConsumerLending | BusinessProcessing | Other | TotalCoreEarnings | Adjustments | |||||||||||||||
| Reclassifications | Additions/(Subtractions) | TotalAdjustments^(1)^ | TotalGAAP | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Education loans | $ | 359 | $ | 319 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 678 | $ | 23 | $ | (9) | $ | 14 | $ | 692 | |||
| Cash and investments | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Total interest income | 359 | 319 | — | — | 678 | 23 | (9) | 14 | 692 | ||||||||||||
| Total interest expense | 215 | 150 | — | 18 | 383 | (1) | (53) | (54) | 329 | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income (loss) | 144 | 169 | — | (18) | 295 | 24 | 44 | 68 | 363 | ||||||||||||
| Less: provisions for loan losses | — | (87) | — | — | (87) | — | — | — | (87) | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses | 144 | 256 | — | (18) | 382 | 24 | 44 | 68 | 450 | ||||||||||||
| Other income (loss): | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Servicing revenue | 52 | 1 | — | — | 53 | — | — | — | 53 | ||||||||||||
| Asset recovery and business processing revenue | 14 | — | 125 | — | 139 | — | — | — | 139 | ||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | — | — | — | — | — | (11) | 47 | 36 | 36 | ||||||||||||
| Gains on sales of loans | — | 89 | — | — | 89 | (13) | — | (13) | 76 | ||||||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | 66 | 90 | 125 | — | 281 | (24) | 47 | 23 | 304 | ||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct operating expenses | 63 | 41 | 91 | — | 195 | — | — | — | 195 | ||||||||||||
| Unallocated shared services expenses | — | — | — | 64 | 64 | — | — | — | 64 | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 63 | 41 | 91 | 64 | 259 | — | — | — | 259 | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 5 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Restructuring/other reorganization <br>expenses | — | — | — | 6 | 6 | — | — | — | 6 | ||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 63 | 41 | 91 | 70 | 265 | — | 5 | 5 | 270 | ||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) | 147 | 305 | 34 | (88) | 398 | — | 86 | 86 | 484 | ||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit)^(2)^ | 35 | 71 | 8 | (21) | 93 | — | 21 | 21 | 114 | ||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 112 | $ | 234 | $ | 26 | $ | (67) | $ | 305 | $ | — | $ | 65 | $ | 65 | $ | 370 | |||
| ^(1)^ | Core Earnings adjustments to GAAP: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | ||||||||||||||||||||
| QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Net Impact ofDerivativeAccounting | Net Impact ofGoodwill andAcquiredIntangibles | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income after provisions for loan losses | $ | 68 | $ | — | $ | 68 | |||||||||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | 23 | — | 23 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization | — | 5 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total Core Earnings adjustments to GAAP | $ | 91 | $ | (5) | 86 | ||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 21 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 65 | |||||||||||||||||||
| ^(2)^ | Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.<br> | ||||||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- |
16
| QUARTER ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in millions) | FederalEducationLoans | ConsumerLending | BusinessProcessing | Other | TotalCoreEarnings | Adjustments | |||||||||||||||
| Reclassifications | Additions/(Subtractions) | TotalAdjustments^(1)^ | TotalGAAP | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Education loans | $ | 382 | $ | 329 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 711 | $ | 32 | $ | (13) | $ | 19 | $ | 730 | |||
| Cash and investments | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Total interest income | 382 | 329 | — | — | 711 | 32 | (13) | 19 | 730 | ||||||||||||
| Total interest expense | 220 | 153 | — | 24 | 397 | — | (10) | (10) | 387 | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income (loss) | 162 | 176 | — | (24) | 314 | 32 | (3) | 29 | 343 | ||||||||||||
| Less: provisions for loan losses | — | 2 | — | — | 2 | — | — | — | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses | 162 | 174 | — | (24) | 312 | 32 | (3) | 29 | 341 | ||||||||||||
| Other income (loss): | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Servicing revenue | 50 | 1 | — | — | 51 | — | — | — | 51 | ||||||||||||
| Asset recovery and business processing revenue | 28 | — | 93 | — | 121 | — | — | — | 121 | ||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | 1 | — | — | 2 | 3 | (32) | 31 | (1) | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Losses on debt repurchases | — | — | — | (6) | (6) | — | — | — | (6) | ||||||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | 79 | 1 | 93 | (4) | 169 | (32) | 31 | (1) | 168 | ||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct operating expenses | 70 | 37 | 74 | — | 181 | — | — | — | 181 | ||||||||||||
| Unallocated shared services expenses | — | — | — | 88 | 88 | — | — | — | 88 | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 70 | 37 | 74 | 88 | 269 | — | — | — | 269 | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 5 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Restructuring/other reorganization expenses | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 70 | 37 | 74 | 88 | 269 | — | 5 | 5 | 274 | ||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) | 171 | 138 | 19 | (116) | 212 | — | 23 | 23 | 235 | ||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit)^(2)^ | 37 | 30 | 4 | (25) | 46 | — | 3 | 3 | 49 | ||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 134 | $ | 108 | $ | 15 | $ | (91) | $ | 166 | $ | — | $ | 20 | $ | 20 | $ | 186 | |||
| ^(1)^ | Core Earnings adjustments to GAAP: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | ||||||||||||||||||||
| QUARTER ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Net Impact ofDerivativeAccounting | Net Impact ofGoodwill andAcquiredIntangibles | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income after provisions for loan losses | $ | 29 | $ | — | $ | 29 | |||||||||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | (1) | — | (1) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization | — | 5 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total Core Earnings adjustments to GAAP | $ | 28 | $ | (5) | 23 | ||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 20 | |||||||||||||||||||
| ^(2)^ | Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.<br> | ||||||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- |
17
| QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in millions) | FederalEducationLoans | ConsumerLending | BusinessProcessing | Other | TotalCoreEarnings | Adjustments | |||||||||||||||
| Reclassifications | Additions/(Subtractions) | TotalAdjustments^(1)^ | TotalGAAP | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Education loans | $ | 582 | $ | 404 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 986 | $ | 3 | $ | (14) | $ | (11) | $ | 975 | |||
| Cash and investments | 6 | 2 | — | 4 | 12 | — | — | — | 12 | ||||||||||||
| Total interest income | 588 | 406 | — | 4 | 998 | 3 | (14) | (11) | 987 | ||||||||||||
| Total interest expense | 456 | 210 | — | 35 | 701 | 7 | 6 | 13 | 714 | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income (loss) | 132 | 196 | — | (31) | 297 | (4) | (20) | (24) | 273 | ||||||||||||
| Less: provisions for loan losses | 6 | 89 | — | — | 95 | — | — | — | 95 | ||||||||||||
| Net interest income (loss) after provisions for loan losses | 126 | 107 | — | (31) | 202 | (4) | (20) | (24) | 178 | ||||||||||||
| Other income (loss): | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Servicing revenue | 56 | 2 | — | — | 58 | — | — | — | 58 | ||||||||||||
| Asset recovery and business processing revenue | 53 | — | 57 | — | 110 | — | — | — | 110 | ||||||||||||
| Other income (loss) | 4 | — | — | 3 | 7 | 4 | (227) | (223) | (216) | ||||||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | 113 | 2 | 57 | 3 | 175 | 4 | (227) | (223) | (48) | ||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct operating expenses | 83 | 39 | 54 | — | 176 | — | — | — | 176 | ||||||||||||
| Unallocated shared services expenses | — | — | — | 75 | 75 | — | — | — | 75 | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | 83 | 39 | 54 | 75 | 251 | — | — | — | 251 | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5 | 5 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Restructuring/other reorganization <br>expenses | — | — | — | 5 | 5 | — | — | — | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 83 | 39 | 54 | 80 | 256 | — | 5 | 5 | 261 | ||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) | 156 | 70 | 3 | (108) | 121 | — | (252) | (252) | (131) | ||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit)^(2)^ | 37 | 16 | 1 | (26) | 28 | — | (53) | (53) | (25) | ||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 119 | $ | 54 | $ | 2 | $ | (82) | $ | 93 | $ | — | $ | (199) | $ | (199) | $ | (106) | |||
| ^(1)^ | Core Earnings adjustments to GAAP: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | ||||||||||||||||||||
| QUARTER ENDED MARCH 31, 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |||||||||||||||
| (Dollars in millions) | Net Impact ofDerivativeAccounting | Net Impact ofGoodwill andAcquiredIntangibles | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net interest income after provisions for loan losses | $ | (24) | $ | — | $ | (24) | |||||||||||||||
| Total other income (loss) | (223) | — | (223) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible asset impairment and amortization | — | 5 | 5 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total Core Earnings adjustments to GAAP | $ | (247) | $ | (5) | (252) | ||||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | (53) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | (199) | |||||||||||||||||||
| ^(2)^ | Income taxes are based on a percentage of net income before tax for the individual reportable segment.<br> | ||||||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- |
18
The following discussion summarizes the differences between Core Earnings and GAAP net income and details each specific adjustment required to reconcile our Core Earnings segment presentation to our GAAP earnings.
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2021 | December 31,<br>2020 | March 31,<br>2020 | |||
| Core Earnings net income | $ | 305 | $ | 166 | $ | 93 |
| Core Earnings adjustments to GAAP: | ||||||
| Net impact of derivative accounting | 91 | 28 | (247) | |||
| Net impact of goodwill and acquired intangible assets | (5) | (5) | (5) | |||
| Net tax effect | (21) | (3) | 53 | |||
| Total Core Earnings adjustments to GAAP | 65 | 20 | (199) | |||
| GAAP net income (loss) | $ | 370 | $ | 186 | $ | (106) |
| (1) | Derivative Accounting: Core Earnings exclude periodic gains and losses that are caused by the mark-to-market valuations on derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under GAAP, as well as the periodic mark-to-market gains and losses that are a result of ineffectiveness recognized related to effective hedges under GAAP. These gains and losses occur in our Federal Education Loans, Consumer Lending and Other<br>reportable segments. Under GAAP, for our derivatives that are held to maturity, the mark-to-market gain or loss over the life of the contract will equal $0 except for<br>Floor Income Contracts, where the mark-to-market gain will equal the amount for which we sold the contract. In our Core Earnings presentation, we recognize the economic<br>effect of these hedges, which generally results in any net settlement cash paid or received being recognized ratably as an interest expense or revenue over the hedged item’s life. | |||||
| --- | --- |
19
The table below quantifies the adjustments for derivative accounting between GAAP and Core Earnings net income.
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2021 | December 31,<br>2020 | March 31,<br>2020 | |||
| Core Earnings derivative adjustments: | ||||||
| Gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net, included in other income | $ | 36 | $ | (1) | $ | (223) |
| Plus: Gains (losses) on fair value hedging activity included in interest expense | 45 | 1 | (9) | |||
| Total gains (losses) | 81 | — | (232) | |||
| Plus: Settlements on derivative and hedging activities,<br>net^(1)^ | 11 | 32 | (4) | |||
| Mark-to market gains (losses) on derivative and hedging activities,<br>net^(2)^ | 92 | 32 | (236) | |||
| Amortization of net premiums on Floor Income Contracts in net interest income for Core Earnings | (9) | (13) | (14) | |||
| Other derivative accounting adjustments^(3)^ | 8 | 9 | 3 | |||
| Total net impact of derivative accounting | $ | 91 | $ | 28 | $ | (247) |
| ^(1)^ | Derivative accounting requires net settlement income/expense on derivatives that do not qualify as hedges to be recorded<br>in a separate income statement line item below net interest income. Under our Core Earnings presentation, these settlements are reclassified to the income statement line item of the economically hedged item. For our Core Earnings net interest<br>income, this would primarily include: (a) reclassifying the net settlement amounts related to our Floor Income Contracts to education loan interest income; and (b) reclassifying the net settlement amounts related to certain of our interest<br>rate swaps to debt interest expense. The table below summarizes these net settlements on derivative and hedging activities and the associated reclassification on a Core Earnings basis. | |||||
| --- | --- | |||||
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2021 | December 31,<br>2020 | March 31,<br>2020 | |||
| Reclassification of settlements on derivative and hedging activities: | ||||||
| Net settlement expense on Floor Income Contracts reclassified to net interest income | $ | (23) | $ | (32) | $ | (3) |
| Net settlement income (expense) on interest rate swaps reclassified to net interest income | (1) | — | 7 | |||
| Net realized gains (losses) on terminated derivative contracts reclassified to other income | 13 | — | — | |||
| Total reclassifications of settlements on derivative and hedging activities | $ | (11) | $ | (32) | $ | 4 |
| ^(2)^ | “Mark-to-market gains (losses) on<br>derivative and hedging activities, net” is comprised of the following: | |||||
| --- | --- | |||||
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2021 | December 31,<br>2020 | March 31,<br>2020 | |||
| Floor Income Contracts | $ | 37 | $ | 28 | $ | (180) |
| Basis swaps | 4 | 1 | 33 | |||
| Foreign currency hedges | 30 | 1 | 10 | |||
| Other | 21 | 2 | (99) | |||
| Total mark-to-market gains<br>(losses) on derivative and hedging activities, net | $ | 92 | $ | 32 | $ | (236) |
| ^(3)^ | Other derivative accounting adjustments consist of adjustments related to: (1) foreign currency denominated debt that<br>is adjusted to spot foreign exchange rates for GAAP where such adjustments are reversed for Core Earnings and (2) certain terminated derivatives that did not receive hedge accounting treatment under GAAP but were economic hedges under Core<br>Earnings and, as a result, such gains or losses are amortized into Core Earnings over the life of the hedged item. | |||||
| --- | --- |
20
Cumulative Impact of Derivative Accounting under GAAP compared to Core Earnings
As of March 31, 2021, derivative accounting has decreased GAAP equity by approximately $499 million as a result of cumulative net mark-to-market losses (after tax) recognized under GAAP, but not under Core Earnings. The following table rolls forward the cumulative impact to GAAP equity due to these after-tax mark-to-market net gains related to derivative accounting.
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2021 | December 31,<br>2020 | March 31,<br>2020 | |||
| Beginning impact of derivative accounting on GAAP equity | $ | (616) | $ | (657) | $ | (235) |
| Net impact of net<br>mark-to-market gains (losses) under derivative accounting^(1)^ | 117 | 41 | (394) | |||
| Ending impact of derivative accounting on GAAP equity | $ | (499) | $ | (616) | $ | (629) |
| ^(1)^ | Net impact of net mark-to-market gains<br>(losses) under derivative accounting is composed of the following: | |||||
| --- | --- | |||||
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2021 | December 31,<br>2020 | March 31,<br>2020 | |||
| Total pre-tax net impact of derivative accounting recognized in net<br>income^(a)^ | $ | 91 | $ | 28 | $ | (247) |
| Tax impact of derivative accounting adjustment recognized in net income | (22) | (7) | 62 | |||
| Change in mark-to-market<br>gains (losses) on derivatives, net of tax recognized in other comprehensive income | 48 | 20 | (209) | |||
| Net impact of net<br>mark-to-market gains (losses) under derivative accounting | $ | 117 | $ | 41 | $ | (394) |
| ^(a)^ See “Core Earnings derivative adjustments” table<br>above. |
21
Hedging FFELP Loan Embedded Floor Income
Net Floor premiums received on Floor Income Contracts that have not been amortized into Core Earnings as of the respective period-ends are presented in the table below. These net premiums will be recognized in Core Earnings in future periods. As of March 31, 2021, the remaining term of the Floor Income Contracts was approximately 2 years. Historically, we have sold Floor Income Contracts on a periodic basis and depending upon market conditions and pricing, we may enter into additional Floor Income Contracts in the future. The balance of unamortized Floor Income Contracts will increase as we sell new contracts and decline due to the amortization of existing contracts.
In addition to using Floor Income Contracts, we also use pay-fixed interest rate swaps to hedge the embedded Floor Income within FFELP Loans. These interest rate swaps qualify as GAAP hedges and are accounted for as cash flow hedges of variable rate debt. For GAAP, gains and losses on these hedges are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income. Hedged Floor Income from these cash flow hedges that has not been recognized into Core Earnings and GAAP as of the respective period-ends is presented in the table below. This hedged Floor Income will be recognized in Core Earnings and GAAP in future periods and is presented net of tax. As of March 31, 2021, the remaining term of these pay-fixed interest rate swaps was approximately 6 years. Historically, we have used pay-fixed interest rate swaps on a periodic basis to hedge embedded Floor Income and depending upon market conditions and pricing, we may enter into swaps in the future. The balance of unrecognized hedged Floor Income will increase as we enter into new swaps and decline as revenue is recognized.
| (Dollars in millions) | December 31,<br>2020 | March 31,<br>2020 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unamortized net Floor premiums, net of tax | 31 | $ | 38 | $ | 66 |
| Unrecognized hedged Floor Income related to pay fixed interest rate swaps, net of tax | 333 | 363 | 437 | ||
| Total hedged Floor Income, net of tax(1)(2) | 364 | $ | 401 | $ | 503 |
| (1) 476 million, 520 million and 658 million<br>on a pre-tax basis as of March 31, 2021, December 31, 2020 and March 31, 2020, respectively. <br>(2) Of the 364 million as of March 31, 2021,<br>approximately 129 million, 115 million and 85 million will be recognized as part of Core Earnings net income in the remainder of 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. |
All values are in US Dollars.
| (2) | Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets: Our Core Earnings exclude goodwill and intangible asset impairment and<br>the amortization of acquired intangible assets. The following table summarizes the goodwill and acquired intangible asset adjustments. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2021 | December 31,<br>2020 | March 31,<br>2020 | |||
| Core Earnings goodwill and acquired intangible asset adjustments | $ | (5) | $ | (5) | $ | (5) |
Adjusted Core Earnings
Adjusted Core Earnings net income and adjusted Core Earnings operating expenses exclude restructuring and regulatory-related expenses. Management excludes these expenses as it is one of the measures we review internally when making management decisions regarding our performance and how we allocate resources, as this presentation is a useful basis for management and investors to further analyze Core Earnings. We also refer to this information in our presentations with credit rating agencies, lenders and investors.
The following table summarizes these expenses which are excluded:
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2021 | December 31,<br>2020 | March 31,<br>2020 | |||
| Restructuring/other reorganization expenses | $ | 6 | $ | — | $ | 5 |
| Regulatory-related expenses | 8 | 20 | 7 | |||
| Total | $ | 14 | $ | 20 | $ | 12 |
22
2. Adjusted Tangible Equity Ratio
Adjusted Tangible Equity measures the ratio of Navient’s Tangible Equity to its tangible assets. We adjust this ratio to exclude the assets and equity associated with our FFELP Loan portfolio because FFELP Loans are no longer originated and the FFELP portfolio bears a 3% maximum loss exposure under the terms of the federal guaranty. Management believes that excluding this portfolio from the ratio enhances its usefulness to investors. Management uses this ratio, in addition to other metrics, for analysis and decision making related to capital allocation decisions. The Adjusted Tangible Equity Ratio is calculated as:
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2021 | December 31,<br>2020 | March 31,<br>2020 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Navient Corporation’s stockholders’ equity | $ | 2,723 | $ | 2,433 | $ | 2,035 |
| Less: Goodwill and acquired intangible assets | 731 | 735 | 752 | |||
| Tangible Equity | 1,992 | 1,698 | 1,283 | |||
| Less: Equity held for FFELP Loans | 284 | 291 | 312 | |||
| Adjusted Tangible Equity | $ | 1,708 | $ | 1,407 | $ | 971 |
| Divided by: | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 84,957 | $ | 87,412 | $ | 93,245 |
| Less: | ||||||
| Goodwill and acquired intangible assets | 731 | 735 | 752 | |||
| FFELP Loans | 56,873 | 58,284 | 62,492 | |||
| Adjusted tangible assets | $ | 27,353 | $ | 28,393 | $ | 30,001 |
| Adjusted Tangible Equity Ratio^(1)^ | 6.2% | 5.0% | 3.2% | |||
| ^(1)^ | The following provides a pro forma of what the Adjusted Tangible Equity Ratio would be if the cumulative net mark-to-market losses related to derivative accounting under GAAP were excluded. These cumulative losses reverse to $0 upon the maturity of the individual derivative<br>instruments. As these losses are temporary, we believe this pro forma presentation is a useful basis for management and investors to further analyze the Adjusted Tangible Equity Ratio. | |||||
| --- | --- | |||||
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2021 | December 31,<br>2020 | March 31,<br>2020 | |||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Adjusted Tangible Equity (from above table) | $ | 1,708 | $ | 1,407 | $ | 971 |
| Plus: Ending impact of derivative accounting on GAAP equity (see page 21) | 499 | 616 | 629 | |||
| Pro forma Adjusted Tangible Equity | $ | 2,207 | $ | 2,023 | $ | 1,600 |
| Divided by: Adjusted tangible assets (from above table) | $ | 27,353 | $ | 28,393 | $ | 30,001 |
| Pro forma Adjusted Tangible Equity Ratio | 8.1% | 7.1% | 5.3% |
3. Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization Expense (EBITDA)
This measures the operating performance of the Business Processing segment and is used by management and equity investors to monitor operating performance and determine the value of those businesses. EBITDA for the Business Processing segment is calculated as:
| QUARTERS ENDED | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Dollars in millions) | March 31,<br>2021 | December 31,<br>2020 | March 31,<br>2020 | |||
| Core Earnings pre-tax income | $ | 34 | $ | 19 | $ | 3 |
| Plus: | ||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expense^(1)^ | 2 | 3 | 1 | |||
| EBITDA | $ | 36 | $ | 22 | $ | 4 |
| Divided by: | ||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 125 | $ | 93 | $ | 57 |
| EBITDA margin | 29% | 23% | 7% | |||
| ^(1)^ | There is no interest expense in this segment. | |||||
| --- | --- |
23