RETO 6-K/A
ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc. (RETO)
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 6-K/A
REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER PURSUANT TORULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16
UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the month of April 2025
Commission file number: 001-38307
RETO ECO-SOLUTIONS, INC.
(Registrant’s name)
X-702, 60 Anli Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing
People’s Republic of China 100101
(Address of principal executive office)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of Form 20-F or Form 40-F.
Form 20-F ☒ Form 40-F ☐
EXPLANATORY NOTE
On April 25, 2025, ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc., a British Virgin Islands business company (“ReTo”), entered into a share exchange agreement (the “ShareExchange Agreement”) with (i) MeinMalzeBier Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands business company (“MeinMalzeBier”), (ii) Lap Cheong Chan and (iii) Terence Kwong Lung Wong, pursuant to which, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, ReTo agreed to buy an aggregate of 5,100 ordinary shares, par value $1.00 per share, of MeinMalzeBier in exchange for cash and newly issued Class A shares, no par value, of ReTo (the “Share Exchange,” together with the other transactions contemplated by the Share Exchange Agreement, the “Transactions”). The Share Exchange was closed on the same date.
On April 25, 2025, ReTo filed its report on Form 6-K (the “Initial 6-K”), primarily to report the execution of the Share Exchange Agreement and the closing of the Share Exchange.
In connection with the Transactions, this report on Form 6-K/A (the “Amended 6-K”) amends the Initial 6-K to present (a) the audited financial statements of MeinMalzeBier and (b) the unaudited pro forma financial information, both as required to be filed no later than 71 calendar days after the date on which the Initial 6-K was required to be filed. Except for this Explanatory Note, the filing of the audited financial statements herewith as Exhibit 99.1 and the unaudited pro forma financial information herewith as Exhibit 99.2 there are no changes to the Initial 6-K.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information included in this Amended 6-K is presented for illustrative purposes only, contains a variety of adjustments, assumptions and estimates, and is not necessarily indicative of what the combined company’s actual financial position or results of operations would have been had the Transactions been completed on the date indicated. The combined company’s actual results and financial position may differ materially and adversely from the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information included in this Amended 6-K. Important factors that may affect actual results include, but are not limited to, risks and uncertainties relating ReTo’s or MeinMalzeBier’s business, as applicable (including each company’s ability to achieve strategic goals, objectives, and targets over applicable periods), industry performance, and general business and economic conditions.
Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(a) Financialstatements of business acquired.
The audited financial statements of MeinMalzeBier as of and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, including the related notes thereto, are filed herewith as Exhibit 99.1.
(b) Proforma financial information
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet of ReTo as of December 31, 2024, and the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statements of income of ReTo for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, including the related notes thereto, giving effect to the Transactions are filed herewith as Exhibit 99.2. The unaudited pro forma financial information gives effect to the Transactions on the basis of, and subject to, the assumptions set forth in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X.
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Amended 6-K includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this Amended 6-K are forward-looking statements. When used in this Amended 6-K, words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions, as they relate to ReTo or its management team, identify forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on the beliefs of ReTo’s management, as well as assumptions made by, and information currently available to, ReTo’s management. Actual results could differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors detailed in ReTo’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). All subsequent written or oral forward-looking statements attributable to ReTo or persons acting on its behalf are qualified in their entirety by this paragraph. Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous conditions, many of which are beyond the control of ReTo, including those set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of ReTo’s Annual Reports on Form 20-F and other filings with the SEC. ReTo undertakes no obligation to update these statements for revisions or changes after the date of this report, except as required by law.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
This Amended 6-K and the exhibits thereto, including any amendment and report filed for the purpose of updating such document, shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into each of (i) the registration statement on Form F-3, as amended (File No. 333-267101), of ReTo, (ii) the registration statement on Form S-8, as amended (File No. 333-270355), of ReTo, and (iii) the registration statement on Form S-8 (File No. 333-280119), of ReTo and to be a part thereof from the date on which this Amended 6-K is furnished, to the extent not superseded by documents or reports subsequently filed or furnished.
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EXHIBIT INDEX
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Date: July 11, 2025
| RETO ECO-SOLUTIONS, INC. | ||
|---|---|---|
| By: | /s/ Xinyang Li | |
| Name: | Xinyang Li | |
| Title: | Chief Executive Officer |
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Exhibit 99.1
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTEREDPUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>To the Board of Directors and Shareholders<br>of<br><br><br><br>MeinMalzeBier Holdings Limited<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>Opinion on the Consolidated FinancialStatements<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>We have audited the accompanying consolidated<br>balance sheets of MeinMalzeBier Holding Limited and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the<br>related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income (loss), changes in shareholders’ deficits, and cash flows for<br>each of the years in the two-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated<br>financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial<br>position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in<br>the two-year period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>Substantial Doubt about the Company’sAbility to Continue as a Going Concern<br><br><br><br>****<br><br><br><br>The accompanying consolidated financial<br>statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial<br>statements, the Company has the Company has incurred and expects to continue to incur significant costs and the Company’s cash and<br>working capital are not sufficient one year from the issuance date of the consolidated financial statements. These conditions raise substantial<br>doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s evaluation of the events and conditions and<br>management’s plans regarding these matters are also described in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements. The consolidated<br>financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>Basis for Opinion<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>These consolidated financial statements<br>are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated<br>financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board<br>(United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities<br>laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB. |
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| We conducted our audits in accordance<br>with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether<br>the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to<br>have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required<br>to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness<br>of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>Our audits included performing procedures<br>to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures<br>that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the<br>consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by<br>management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable<br>basis for our opinion.<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>/s/ Wei, Wei & Co., LLP<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>We have served as the Company’s<br>auditors since 2025.<br><br><br><br>Flushing, New York<br><br><br><br>April 16, 2025 |
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MEINMALZEBIER HOLDINGS LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| As of December 31, | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||
| ASSETS | ||||||
| Current Assets: | ||||||
| Cash | $ | 9,994 | $ | 1,525 | ||
| Accounts receivable | 74,959 | 4,056 | ||||
| Prepaid assets and other receivable | 54,511 | 35,008 | ||||
| Due from a related party | - | 1,408 | ||||
| Inventories | 71,518 | - | ||||
| Total Current Assets | 210,982 | 41,997 | ||||
| Non-current Assets: | ||||||
| Fixed assets, net | 219,447 | - | ||||
| Right-of-use assets | 69,416 | 61,926 | ||||
| Other non-current assets | 8,821 | - | ||||
| Total Non-current Assets | 297,684 | 61,926 | ||||
| Total<br> Assets | $ | 508,666 | $ | 103,923 | ||
| LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT | ||||||
| Liabilities: | ||||||
| Current Liabilities: | ||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 98,131 | $ | 4,949 | ||
| Other payables | 28,317 | 7,963 | ||||
| Other payables - related party | 367,017 | 35,240 | ||||
| Lease liability - current | 69,340 | 32,953 | ||||
| Total Current Liabilities | 562,805 | 81,105 | ||||
| Non-current Liabilities: | ||||||
| Lease liability - noncurrent | 8,162 | 34,284 | ||||
| Total Non-current Liabilities | 8,162 | 34,284 | ||||
| Total Liabilities | 570,967 | 115,389 | ||||
| Commitments and Contingencies (Note<br> 12) | ||||||
| Shareholders’ Deficit: | ||||||
| Ordinary shares*, $1 par value, 50,000 shares authorized,<br> 10 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively | 10 | 10 | ||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 282,432 | 685 | ||||
| Accumulated deficit | (355,639 | ) | (11,497 | ) | ||
| Accumulated other comprehensive<br> loss | 10,896 | (664 | ) | |||
| Total shareholders’ deficit | (62,301 | ) | (11,466 | ) | ||
| Total<br> Liabilities and Shareholders’ Deficit | $ | 508,666 | $ | 103,923 | ||
| * | The share information is presented on a retroactive basis to<br>reflect the reorganization (Note 1). | |||||
| --- | --- |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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MEINMALZEBIER HOLDINGS LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS ANDCOMPREHENSIVE LOSS
| For the Years Ended <br><br>December 31, | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||
| Revenues | $ | 111,460 | $ | 3,188 | ||
| Cost of revenues | 41,395 | 2,203 | ||||
| Gross Profit | 70,065 | 985 | ||||
| Operating expenses | ||||||
| Selling and marketing | 205,117 | 2,034 | ||||
| General and administrative | 208,888 | 10,409 | ||||
| Total Operating Expenses | 414,005 | 12,443 | ||||
| Loss from operations | (343,940 | ) | (11,458 | ) | ||
| Other expense | ||||||
| Interest expense | 202 | 39 | ||||
| Total other expense | 202 | 39 | ||||
| Loss before income taxes | (344,142 | ) | (11,497 | ) | ||
| Income taxes | - | - | ||||
| Net loss | $ | (344,142 | ) | $ | (11,497 | ) |
| Net loss per share* | ||||||
| Basic and diluted | $ | (34,414 | ) | $ | (1,150 | ) |
| Weighted average ordinary shares* outstanding | ||||||
| Basic and diluted | 10 | 10 | ||||
| Comprehensive loss | ||||||
| Net loss | $ | (344,142 | ) | $ | (11,497 | ) |
| Other comprehensive loss | ||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | 11,560 | (664 | ) | |||
| Comprehensive loss | $ | (332,582 | ) | $ | (12,161 | ) |
| * | The share information is presented on a retroactive basis to<br>reflect the reorganization (Note 1). | |||||
| --- | --- |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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MEINMALZEBIER HOLDINGS LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’DEFICIT
| Accumulated | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ordinary Shares* | Additional | Other | Total | ||||||||||||
| Number of | Paid-in | Accumulated | Comprehensive | Shareholders’ | |||||||||||
| Shares* | Amount | Capital | Deficit | Loss | Deficit | ||||||||||
| Balance, January 1, 2023 | 10 | $ | 10 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 10 | ||||
| Shareholder contribution | - | - | 685 | - | - | 685 | |||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | (11,497 | ) | - | (11,497 | ) | |||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | - | - | - | - | (664 | ) | (664 | ) | |||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2023 | 10 | 10 | 685 | (11,497 | ) | (664 | ) | (11,466 | ) | ||||||
| Shareholder contribution | - | - | 281,747 | - | - | 281,747 | |||||||||
| Net loss | - | - | - | (344,142 | ) | - | (344,142 | ) | |||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | - | - | - | - | 11,560 | 11,560 | |||||||||
| Balance, December 31, 2024 | 10 | $ | 10 | $ | 282,432 | $ | (355,639 | ) | $ | 10,896 | $ | (62,301 | ) | ||
| * | The share information is presented on a retroactive basis to<br>reflect the reorganization (Note 1). | ||||||||||||||
| --- | --- |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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MEINMALZEBIER HOLDINGS LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| For the Years Ended <br><br>December 31, | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||
| Cash Flows from Operating Activities: | ||||||
| Net loss | $ | (344,142 | ) | $ | (11,497 | ) |
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||
| Depreciation expense | 27,203 | - | ||||
| Change in right-of-use assets | 54,935 | 9,698 | ||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||
| Accounts receivable | (70,903 | ) | (4,056 | ) | ||
| Prepaid assets and other receivable | (19,503 | ) | (35,008 | ) | ||
| Inventories | (71,518 | ) | - | |||
| Other non-current assets | (8,821 | ) | - | |||
| Accounts payable | 93,182 | 4,949 | ||||
| Other payables | 20,354 | 7,963 | ||||
| Lease liability | (55,561 | ) | (5,084 | ) | ||
| Net Cash Used in Operating Activities | (374,774 | ) | (33,035 | ) | ||
| Cash Flows from Investing Activities | ||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | (249,809 | ) | - | |||
| Net Cash Used in Investing Activities | (249,809 | ) | - | |||
| Cash Flows from Financing Activities | ||||||
| Change in advances from related party | 333,185 | 33,832 | ||||
| Contribution from shareholder | 281,747 | 685 | ||||
| Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities | 614,932 | 30,169 | ||||
| Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash | 18,120 | 43 | ||||
| Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents | 8,469 | 1,525 | ||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents - beginning of year | 1,525 | - | ||||
| Cash and Cash Equivalents - end of year | $ | 9,994 | $ | 1,525 | ||
| Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information | ||||||
| Cash paid for: | ||||||
| Interest | $ | - | $ | - | ||
| Income taxes | $ | - | $ | - | ||
| Noncash Investing and Financing Activities | ||||||
| Right-of-use-assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations | $ | 64,249 | $ | 71,790 |
The accompanying notesare an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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MEINMALZEBIER HOLDINGS LIMITED
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Note 1 – Organization and PrincipalActivities
MeinMalzeBier Holdings Limited (“MMB”) is a holding company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) on December 6, 2024. MMB, through two of the subsidiaries (collectively the “Company”), is engaged in the business of selling craft beers and beer machines in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC” or “China”).
On December 16, 2024, the Company formed its wholly-owned subsidiary, MeinMalzeBier Global Limited (“MMB HK”) in Hong Kong.
On September 6, 2004, Shenzhen Dirong Century Big Data Technology Co., Ltd. (“Dirong”), a fully owned subsidiary of MMB HK was incorporated under the laws of the PRC.
On April 12, 2024, Shenzhen Melody Catering Management Co., Ltd. (“Melody”), a fully owned subsidiary of MMB HK was incorporated under the laws of the PRC.
Details of the Company’s subsidiaries as of December 31, 2024 are as follows:
| Ownership | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date of | Place of | percentage | ||
| Incorporation or | incorporation or | direct or | Principal | |
| Company name | acquisition | establishment | indirect | activities |
| Subsidiaries: | ||||
| MMB<br> HK | December<br> 16, 2024 | Hong<br> Kong | 100% | Holding |
| Dirong | September<br> 6, 2004 | China | 100% | Sale<br> of beer machines |
| Melody | April<br> 12, 2024 | China | 100% | Sale<br> of craft beers |
Company Reorganization
In 2024, the Company undertook the following steps to affect a reorganization (the “Reorganization”):
| ● | Formation<br> of the MMB holding company and MMB HK |
|---|---|
| ● | During<br> the year ended December 31, 2024, one of the shareholder’s of the Company made a total<br> cash contribution of $281,747 |
| --- | --- |
| ● | 100%<br> of Dirong and Melody equity interests were transferred to MMB HK, which is ultimately 100%<br> controlled by MMB |
| --- | --- |
Immediately before and after the Reorganization, MMB, together with its subsidiaries are effectively controlled by the same controlling shareholders: therefore, the Reorganization was accounted for as a recapitalization, and the current capital structure has been retroactively presented in prior periods as if such structure existed at that time. This includes a retrospective presentation for all equity related disclosures, including share and per share, which have been revised to reflect the effects of the reorganization.
Note 2 – Liquidity
In assessing the Company’s liquidity, the Company monitors and analyzes its cash on-hand and its operating requirements and capital expenditure commitments. The Company’s liquidity needs are to meet its working capital requirements, operating expenses and capital expenditure obligations.
The Company’s working capital deficit and cash on-hand was approximately $352,000 and $10,000, respectively, as of December 31, 2024. To enhance liquidity over the next 12 months, the Company plans to focus on driving revenue growth, optimizing its cost structure, and improving accounts receivable management. To achieve this, the Company will leverage its market leadership by introducing innovative products and services, while strategically expanding its market share in key regions. These efforts are expected to generate additional cash inflows and foster steady revenue growth. Also, the Company is working to improve its liquidity and capital sources through equity financing in short term. The management believes that the Company has sufficient funds to meet its working capital requirements and debt obligations, for at least the next 12 months from the filing date of these consolidated financial statements. However, there is no assurance that management will be successful in their plans. There are a number of factors that could potentially arise that could undermine the Company’s plans, such as changes in the demand for its services, economic conditions, its operating results may deteriorate and its bank and shareholders may not provide continued financial support.
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Note 3 – SignificantAccounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries, all of which are wholly-owned. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates and Assumptions
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Changes in these estimates and assumptions may have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statements, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Accordingly, the actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Significant estimates during the year ended December 31, 2024 include the assumptions used in valuation of deferred tax assets.
Translation of Foreign Currencies
The Company’s principal country of operations is the PRC. The financial position and results of its operations are determined using RMB, the local currency, as the functional currency. The consolidated financial statements are reported using U.S. Dollars. The results of operations and the statement of cash flows denominated in foreign currency are translated at the average rate of exchange during the reporting period. Assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the balance sheet date are translated at the applicable rates of exchange in effect at that date. The equity denominated in the functional currency is translated at the historical rate of exchange at the time of capital contribution. As a result, amounts related to assets and liabilities reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows may not necessarily agree with changes in the corresponding balances on the consolidated balance sheets. Translation adjustments arising from the use of different exchange rates from period to period are included as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss included in consolidated balance sheets and statements of changes in shareholders’ equity. Transactions denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing on the transaction dates with any transaction gain and or losses are included in the results of operations as incurred.
The value of RMB against U.S. Dollar may fluctuate and is affected by, among other things, changes in the PRC’s political and economic conditions. Any significant revaluation of RMB may materially affect the Company’s consolidated financial condition in terms of reporting. The following table outlines the currency exchange rates that were used in the consolidated financial statements:
| December 31, | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |||
| Spot Rate | 7.2993 | 7.0999 | ||
| Average Rate | 7.1957 | 7.0809 |
The PRC government imposes significant exchange restrictions on fund transfers out of the PRC that are not related to business operations. These restrictions have not had a material impact on the Company because it has not engaged in any significant transactions that are subject to the restrictions.
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Accounts Receivable and Allowance for CreditLosses
The Company’s accounts receivable primarily consist of trade receivables. The Company records an allowance for credit losses that is based on customer knowledge, any known disputes, and the aging of the accounts receivable balances combined with management’s estimate of future potential recoverability. Receivables are written off against the allowance after all attempts to collect a receivable have failed. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, substantially all of the accounts receivables are within six months, and the Company did not provide allowance against the accounts receivables.
Current Expected Credit Losses
In 2024, the Company adopted FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 326 – “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses” (“ASC Topic 326”) for financial assets at amortized cost including accounts receivable and other receivables. This guidance replaced the “incurred loss” impairment methodology with an approach based on “expected losses” to estimate credit losses on certain types of financial instruments and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The guidance requires financial assets to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the cost of the financial asset to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. No impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments and FairValue Measurements
The Company adopted the guidance of ASC 820 for fair value measurements which clarifies the definition of fair value, prescribes methods for measuring fair value, and establishes a fair value hierarchy to classify the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:
| ● | Level<br> 1-Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities available at the measurement date. |
|---|---|
| ● | Level<br> 2-Inputs are unadjusted quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar<br> assets and liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable, and inputs derived from<br> or corroborated by observable market data. |
| ● | Level<br> 3-Inputs are unobservable inputs which reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions on what assumptions the market participants<br> would use in pricing the asset or liability based on the best available information. |
Financial instruments included in current assets and current liabilities are reported in the consolidated balance sheets at face value or cost, which approximate fair value because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rates of interest. Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents consist of deposits with banks and all highly liquid investments, with maturities of three months or less, that are not segregated and deposited for regulatory purposes. All cash are located in China. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. Management believes that the Company is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash. Cash in China may not be freely transferable out of the PRC because of exchange control regulations or other reasons.
Inventories and Provision for Excess or ExpiredInventory
Inventories consist of barrels of craft beers which is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the difference between the expected sale price and the total sale or disposal costs. Cost of inventory is determined using the first-in, first-out basis method. Adjustments are recorded to write down the cost of inventory to the estimated net realizable value due to slow-moving and obsolete inventory, which is dependent upon factors such as historical and forecasted consumer demand, and promotional environment. The Company takes ownership, risks and rewards of the products purchased.
The provisions for excess or expired inventory are based on management’s estimates of forecasted usage of inventories on hand. Forecasting usage involves significant judgments regarding future demand for the Company’s various existing products. A significant change in the timing or level of demand for certain products as compared to forecasted amounts may result in recording additional provisions for excess or expired inventory in the future. Provision for excess or expired inventory included in cost of goods sold was nil for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
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Fixed Assets, net
Fixed assets are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets with no residual value. Cost represents the purchase price of the asset and other costs incurred to bring the asset into its existing use. The cost of repairs and maintenance is expensed as incurred; major replacements and improvements are capitalized. When assets are retired or disposed of, the cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts, and any resulting gains or losses are included in income/loss in the year of disposition. Estimated useful lives are as follows:
| Estimated Useful Life | |
|---|---|
| Office equipment | 5 years |
| Machinery | 5 years |
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances (such as a significant adverse change to market conditions that will impact the future use of the assets) indicate that the carrying amount may not be fully recoverable or that the useful life is shorter than the Company had originally estimated. When these events occur, the Company evaluates the impairment by comparing carrying value of the assets to an estimate of future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated from the use of the assets and their eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying value of the assets, the Company recognizes an impairment loss based on the excess of the carrying value of the assets over the fair value of the assets. The Company did not record any impairment charge for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, as there was no impairment indicator noted.
Leases
On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted FASB ASC Topic 842, “Leases,” (“ASC Topic 842”) which requires that a lessee recognize in the consolidated balance sheet a lease liability and a corresponding right-of-use asset, including for those leases that the Company currently classifies as operating leases. The right-of-use asset and the lease liability was initially measured using the present value of the remaining lease payments. ASC Topic 842 was implemented using a modified retrospective approach which resulted in no cumulative-effect adjustment in the opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2022.
The Company reviews all relevant contracts to determine if the contract contains a lease at its inception date. A contract contains a lease if the contract conveys to the Company the right to control the use of an underlying asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. If the Company determines that a contract contains a lease, it recognizes, in the consolidated balance sheets, a lease liability and a corresponding right-of-use asset on the commencement date of the lease. The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term using the rate implicit in the lease or, if not readily determinable, the Company’s secured incremental borrowing rate. An operating lease right-of-use asset is initially measured at the value of the lease liability minus any lease incentives and initial direct costs incurred plus any prepaid rent.
Each lease liability is measured using the Company’s secured incremental borrowing rate. The Company’s leases have remaining terms of two to three years, and some of which include options to terminate the lease upon notice. The Company considers these options when determining the lease term used to calculate the right-of-use asset and the lease liability when the Company is reasonably certain it will exercise such option.
The Company’s operating leases contain both lease components and non-lease components. Non-lease components are distinct elements of a contract that are not related to securing the use of the underlying assets, such as common area maintenance and other management costs. The Company elected to measure the lease liability by combining the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. As such, the Company includes the fixed payments and any payments that depend on a rate or index that relate to the lease and non-lease components in the measurement of the lease liability. Some of the non-lease components are variable in nature and not based on an index or rate, and as a result, are not included in the measurement of the operating lease right-of-use assets or operating lease liability.
Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in occupancy expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
Currency Risk
To the extent that the Company needs to convert U.S. dollars into Renminbi for its operations, appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollars would have an adverse effect on the Renminbi amount it receives from the conversion. Conversely, if the Company decide to convert Renminbi into U.S. dollars for the purpose of making payments for business purposes, appreciation of the U.S. dollars against the Renminbi would have a negative effect on the U.S. dollars amounts.
10
Interest Rate Risk
The Company has not been exposed to material risks due to changes in market interest rates, and it has not used any derivative financial instruments to manage its interest risk exposure. However, the Company cannot provide assurance that it will not be exposed to material risks due to changes in market interest rates in the future.
Concentration of Credit Risk and Uncertainties
Currently, the Company ’s operations are carried out in China. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environment in China, and by the general state of China’s economy. The Company’s operations in China are subject to specific considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.
Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of trade accounts receivable. A portion of the Company’s sales are credit sales to customers whose ability to pay are dependent upon the prevailing industry economics. The Company also performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers to help further reduce credit risk.
Customers
Customers which contributed more than 10% of total accounts receivable are as below:
| Years Ended<br><br> December 31, | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||
| Customer A | 44 | % | 25 | % | ||
| Customer B | 17 | % | 54 | % | ||
| Customer C | 19 | % | n/a | |||
| Customer D | 13 | % | n/a | |||
| Customer E | * | 21 | % |
Customers which contributed more than 10% of total revenue are as below:
| Years Ended <br><br>December 31, | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||
| Customer A | 25 | % | 21 | % | ||
| Customer B | 12 | % | 53 | % | ||
| Customer C | 10 | % | * | |||
| Customer F | 27 | % | * |
Suppliers
1 supplier accounted for 100% of the Company’s purchase during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Revenue Recognition
The Company recognizes revenue under ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). The core principle of the revenue standard is that a company should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The following five steps are applied to achieve that core principle:
| ● | Step<br> 1: Identify the contract with the customer |
|---|---|
| ● | Step<br> 2: Identify the performance obligations in the contract |
| ● | Step<br> 3: Determine the transaction price |
| ● | Step<br> 4: Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract |
| ● | Step 5: Recognize revenue<br>when the company satisfies a performance obligation |
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Under ASC 606, in order to identify the performance obligations in a contract with a customer, a company must assess the promised goods or services in the contract and identify each promised goods or service that is distinct. A performance obligation meets ASC 606’s definition of a “distinct” goods or service (or bundle of goods or services) if both of the following criteria are met:
| ● | The<br> customer can benefit from the goods or service either on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the<br> customer (i.e., the goods or service is capable of being distinct). |
|---|---|
| ● | The<br> entity’s promise to transfer the goods or service to the customer is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract<br> (i.e., the promise to transfer the goods or service is distinct within the context of the contract). |
If a goods or service is not distinct, the goods or service is combined with other promised goods or services until a bundle of goods or services is identified that is distinct.
Per ASC 606, the transaction price is the amount of consideration to which an entity expects to be entitled in exchange for transferring promised goods or services to a customer, excluding amounts collected on behalf of third parties (for example, some sales taxes). The consideration promised in a contract with a customer may include fixed amounts, variable amounts, or both. The transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation on a relative standalone selling price basis. The transaction price allocated to each performance obligation is recognized when that performance obligation is satisfied, at a point in time or over time as appropriate.
A contract is established between the Company and the customer, specifying the products to be delivered and the payment terms. By signing the sales contract, customers agree to purchase and pay the specified consideration. The Company identifies a single performance obligation for the services provided, eliminating the need for transaction price allocation. The contract specifies a fixed amount as the sales price and the Company does not offer warranty on products sold. The Company recognizes revenue when obligations under the terms of a contract with its customer are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of its products. Payments are due on the 5th day of each month for its customers. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration expected to be received in exchange for transferring products. If the conditions for revenue recognition are not met, the Company defers the revenue until all conditions are met.
The Company is the principal for its sales transactions and recognizes revenue on a gross basis. The Company is the principal when it has control of the merchandise before it is transferred to the customers. Revenue from merchandise sales is recognized at the point of sale.
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table sets forth the Company’s revenue based on services for the periods indicated:
| Years Ended <br><br>December 31, | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |||
| Craft Beers | $ | 79,603 | $ | 3,188 |
| Bear Machines | 29,184 | - | ||
| Total revenue | $ | 108,787 | $ | 3,188 |
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue includes cost of craft beers and related taxes. The Company applies the FIFO (first-in first-out) method to calculate the unit cost of inventory, ensuring a consistent and systematic approach to cost allocation. Upon the sale of products, the corresponding inventory costs are recognized as cost of revenue. This process ensures that the purchase costs incurred are accurately matched with the revenue generated, reflecting the economic flow of resources.
Selling and Marketing Expenses
All costs related to selling and marketing are expensed as incurred. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, selling and marketing costs amounted to $205,117 and $2,034, respectively. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and included in the selling and marketing expenses. Advertising costs were $13,115 and $2,034 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
Commitments and Contingencies
In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of its business, that cover a wide range of matters. Liabilities for such contingencies are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated.
12
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset/liability method prescribed by ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the difference between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that will be in effect in the period in which the differences are expected to reverse. The Company records a valuation allowance to offset deferred tax assets if, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized as income or loss in the period that includes the enactment date.
The Company follows the accounting guidance for uncertainty in income taxes using the provisions of ASC 740 “Income Taxes”. Using that guidance, tax positions initially need to be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no significant uncertain tax positions that qualify for either recognition or disclosure in the financial statements. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to significant uncertain income tax positions in other expense, if any. There were no such interest and penalties as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Value Added Tax
Revenues from sale of craft beers is subject to a VAT of 1% to 3%. The amount of VAT liability is determined by applying the applicable tax rate to the invoiced amount of services/products provided/sold. The Company reports revenue net of PRC’s VAT for all the years presented on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Loss per Share
ASC Topic 260 “Earnings per Share,” requires presentation of both basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) with a reconciliation of the numerator and denominator of the basic EPS computation to the numerator and denominator of the diluted EPS computation. Basic EPS excludes dilution. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue ordinary stock were exercised or converted into ordinary stock or resulted in the issuance of ordinary stock that then shared in the earnings of the entity.
Basic net loss per ordinary share is computed by dividing net loss available to ordinary shareholders by the weighted average number of shares of ordinary stock outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per ordinary share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of ordinary stock, ordinary stock equivalents and potentially dilutive securities outstanding during each period. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, no potentially dilutive ordinary shares. In a period in which the Company has a net loss, all potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the computation of diluted shares outstanding as they would have had an anti-dilutive impact.
Comprehensive Loss
Comprehensive loss is comprised of net loss and all changes to the statements of shareholders’ deficit, except those due to investments by shareholders and changes in paid-in capital. For the Company, comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of net loss and unrealized loss from foreign currency translation adjustment.
Related Parties
A party is considered to be related to the Company if the party directly or indirectly or through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. A party which can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or if it has an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests is also a related party.
Segment Reporting
ASC 280 “Segment reporting” establishes standards for reporting information on operating segments in interim and annual financial statements. The Company uses “the management approach” in determining reportable operating segments. The management approach considers the internal organization and reporting used by the Company’s chief operating decision maker for making operating decisions and assessing performance as the source for determining the Company’s reportable segments. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and chairman of the Company, who reviews operating results to make decisions about allocating resources and assessing performance for the entire Company. The Company has determined that it has one reportable business segment. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, all of the Company’s customers are in the PRC and all revenue is derived from the sale of craft beers.
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023 - 09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This guidance is intended to enhance the transparency and decision
- usefulness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023 - 09 address investor requests for enhanced income tax information primarily through changes to disclosure regarding rate reconciliation and income taxes paid both in the U.S. and in foreign jurisdictions. ASU 2023 - 09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 on a prospective basis, with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact it may have on its consolidated financial statements disclosures.
Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by FASB that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption. The Company does not discuss recent pronouncements that are not anticipated to have an impact on or are unrelated to its consolidated financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or disclosures.
Note 4 – Accounts Receivable, net
Accounts receivable, net consists of the following:
| As of December 31, | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |||
| Accounts receivable | $ | 74,959 | $ | 4,056 |
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | - | - | ||
| Total accounts receivable, net | $ | 74,959 | $ | 4,056 |
No allowance for expected credit losses was recorded as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, as the Company has not experienced any historical credit losses with its customer base. Subsequent to these balance sheet dates, and up to the date of report, accounts receivable as of December 31, 2024 were collected $5,150.
Note 5 – Inventories
Inventories consist of the following:
| December 31, | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |||
| Raw materials | $ | - | $ | - |
| Work in process | - | - | ||
| Finished goods | 71,518 | - | ||
| Total | $ | 71,518 | $ | - |
During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized inventories write-down of nil in cost of revenues.
Note 6 – Prepaid Assets and Other Receivable
Prepaid assets and other receivable consisted of the following:
| Years Ended <br><br>December 31, | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |||
| Prepaid to vendors for beer purchase | $ | 36,434 | $ | 32,395 |
| Security Deposits | 11,198 | 1,408 | ||
| Others | 6,850 | 2,613 | ||
| $ | 54,482 | $ | 36,416 |
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Note 7 – Fixed Assets, net
Fixed assets consisted of the following:
| Years Ended <br><br>December 31, | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||
| Office equipment | $ | 2,028 | $ | - | |
| Machinery | 244,237 | - | |||
| Less: accumulated depreciation | (26,818 | ) | - | ||
| $ | 219,447 | $ | - |
For the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, depreciation expense amounted to $27,203 and nil, respectively.
Note 8 – Related PartiesTransactions
Other receivable – related party
Due from related party consisted of the following:
| December 31, | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name of related party | 2024 | 2023 | ||
| Xiaojun Zou ^(1)^ | $ | - | $ | 1,408 |
| $ | - | $ | 1,408 | |
| (1) | Xiaojun Zou (“Mr. Zou”) is the Company’s Manager. | |||
| --- | --- |
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, other receivable- related party represents an advance provided to Mr. Zou for Company’s operation. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company advanced nil and $1,408, respectively, to Mr. Zou and received repayment of $1,408 and nil, respectively. The advance is short-term in nature, non-interest bearing, unsecured and repayable on demand. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, other receivable
- related party amounted to nil and $1,408, respectively.
Other payable – related party
Due to related party consisted of the following:
| December 31, | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name of related party | 2024 | 2023 | ||
| Lap Cheong Chan ^(2)^ | $ | 367,017 | $ | 35,240 |
| $ | 367,017 | $ | 35,240 | |
| (2) | Lap Cheong Chan (“Mr. Chan”) is the<br>Company’s Shareholder. | |||
| --- | --- |
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, other payable- related party consisted of expenses paid by Mr. Chan on behalf of the Company and advances from him for working capital. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company advanced $340,701 and $35,240, respectively, from Mr. Chan and repaid $8,924 and nil, respectively. The related party’ advances are short-term in nature, non-interest bearing, unsecured and repayable on demand. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, other payable- related party amounted to $367,017 and $35,240, respectively.
Note 9 – IncomeTaxes
The entities within the Company file separate tax returns in the respective tax jurisdictions in which they operate.
British Virgin Islands
The Company is a tax-exempt entity incorporated in British Virgin Islands.
15
Hong Kong
MMB HK was incorporated in Hong Kong and does not conduct any substantial operations of its own. No provision for Hong Kong profits tax has been made in the consolidated financial statements as MMB HK has no assessable profits for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
China
The Company’s PRC operating subsidiaries, being incorporated in the PRC, are governed by the income tax law of the PRC and is subject to PRC enterprise income tax (“EIT”). The EIT rate of PRC is 25%, which applies to both domestic and foreign invested enterprises. The Company’s PRC operating subsidiaries qualify as small and micro enterprises, and are subject to a preferential income tax rate of 5%.
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred current income tax expenses of nil and nil, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not incur any deferred tax expenses or benefits.
Reconciliation of the Differences BetweenStatutory Tax Rate and the Effective Tax Rate
The Company operates in serval tax jurisdictions. Therefore, its income is subject to various rates of taxation. The income tax expense differs from the amount that would have resulted from applying the Cayman Islands statutory income tax rate to the Company’s pre-tax income as follows:
| Years Ended | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, | ||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||
| Loss before income tax | $ | (344,142 | ) | $ | (11,497 | ) |
| Statutory tax rate in the PRC | 5 | % | 5 | % | ||
| Income tax expense at statutory tax rate | (17,207 | ) | (575 | ) | ||
| Non-deductible expenses | - | |||||
| Change in valuation allowance | 17,207 | 575 | ||||
| Income tax | $ | - | $ | - |
The reconciliations to statutory rates for fiscal 2024 and 2023 were as follows:
| Years Ended | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| December 31, | ||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||
| Statutory rate | 25 | % | 25 | % | ||
| Effect of preferential tax rate | (20 | )% | (20 | )% | ||
| Effect of non-deductible expenses | - | % | - | % | ||
| Effect of non-taxable income | - | % | - | % | ||
| Effect of change in valuation allowance | (5 | )% | (5 | )% | ||
| - | % | - | % |
The Company’s approximate net deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 attributable to tax filings in the PRC were as follows:
| As of December 31, | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deferred tax assets: | 2024 | 2023 | ||||
| Net operating loss carryforward | $ | 17,782 | $ | 575 | ||
| Valuation allowance | (17,782 | ) | (575 | ) | ||
| Net deferred tax assets, net | $ | - | $ | - |
Management has applied a valuation allowance to the total amount of deferred tax assets based on the determination that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized. This determination was based on the historic and estimated future profitability of the entities to which the deferred tax assets relate.
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The movement of valuation allowance as follows:
| As of December 31, | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |||
| Balance at beginning of the period | $ | 575 | $ | - |
| Additions | 17,207 | 575 | ||
| Balance at ending of the period | $ | 17,782 | $ | 575 |
The Company evaluates each uncertain tax position (including the potential application of interest and penalties) based on the technical merits, and measure the unrecognized benefits associated with the tax positions. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions or any unrecognized liabilities, interest or penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits. The Company does not believe that its uncertain tax benefits position will materially change over the next twelve months.
Note 10 – Lease
All of the Company’s leases are classified as operating leases and primarily consist of real estate leases for corporate offices and other facilities. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any residual value guarantees, restrictions or covenants. The Company has the option to extend the lease by providing written notice at least 60 days before the lease expires. As the rate implicit in each lease is not readily determinable, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on information available at lease commencement to determine the present value of the lease payments. Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities was approximately $55,561 and $5,084 for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the weighted-average remaining lease term on these leases is approximately 1.41 and 2.08 years, respectively and the weighted-average discount rate used to measure the lease liabilities was approximately 3.22% and 4.20%, respectively.
The following table presents balances reported in the consolidated balance sheets related to the Company’s leases:
| As of December 31, | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | 69,416 | $ | 61,926 |
| Operating lease liabilities | $ | 77,502 | $ | 62,985 |
The following table summarizes the maturity of lease liabilities under operating lease as of December 31, 2024:
| Operating Lease | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | $ | 71,064 | |
| Thereafter | 8,199 | ||
| Total lease payments | 79,263 | ||
| Amount of lease payments representing interest | (1,761 | ) | |
| Total present value of operating lease liabilities | $ | 77,502 | |
| Current portion | $ | 69,340 | |
| Long-term portion | 8,162 | ||
| Total | $ | 77,502 |
The following table presents operating lease cost reported in rent expenses on the consolidated statements of comprehensive (loss) related to the Company’s leases:
| For the Years Ended<br><br> December 31, | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 2023 | |||
| Operating lease expense | $ | 58,524 | $ | 10,409 |
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Note 11 – Equity
Ordinary Shares
The Company was established under the laws of the British Virgin Islands on December 6, 2024. The authorized number of ordinary shares was 50,000 shares of a single class with a par value of $1 per ordinary share, and 10 ordinary shares were issued as of December 6, 2024. The Company has retroactively restated all shares and per share data for all the periods presented pursuant to ASC 260 (Note 1). As a result, the Company had 50,000 authorized ordinary shares, par value $1 per share, of which 10 were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Statutory Reserve
The Company’s subsidiaries are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to the Company. The payment of dividends by entities organized in China is subject to limitations, procedures and formalities. Regulations in the PRC currently permit payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with accounting standards and regulations in China.
The Company is required to make appropriations to certain reserve funds, comprising the statutory surplus reserve and the discretionary surplus reserve, based on after-tax net income determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”). Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be at least 10% of the after-tax net income determined in accordance with PRC GAAP until the reserve is equal to 50% of the entity’s registered capital. Appropriations to the discretionary surplus reserve are made at the discretion of the Company’s board of directors. The statutory reserve may be applied against prior year losses, if any, and may be used for general business expansion and production or increase in registered capital, but are not distributable as cash dividends.
For the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, the Company has no addition to the statutory reserve.
Capital Contribution
For the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, the shareholder of the Company made a total cash contribution of $281,747 and $685, respectively.
Note 12 – Commitments and Contingencies
Contingencies
From time to time, the Company may be subject to certain legal proceedings, claims and disputes that arise in the ordinary course of business. Although the outcomes of these legal proceedings cannot be predicted, the Company does not believe these actions, in the aggregate, will have a material adverse impact on its financial position, results of operations or liquidity.
Note 13 – Subsequent Events
In accordance with ASC Topic 855, “Subsequent Events”, which establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before the financial statements are issued. The Company has evaluated all events or transactions that occurred after December 31, 2024, up through the date the Company issued the consolidated financial statements and concluded that except for the matter disclosed below, no material subsequent events to be disclosed.
On February 17, 2025, the Company entered into a non-binding Letter of Intent (“LOI”) with ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc. (the “Acquirer”), pursuant to which the Acquirer proposes to acquire a 51% controlling equity interest in the Company for an aggregate consideration of US$19.89 million. The purchase price shall be payable through: (i) cash payment of $3.978 million and (ii) issuance of $15.912 million worth of the Acquirer’s Class A ordinary shares.
18
Exhibit 99.2
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following unaudited pro forma combined financial information combines the individual historical unaudited results of ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc. (“ReTo”, “our” or “the Company”) and MeinMalzeBier Holdings Limited (“MeinMalzeBier”) adjusted to give effect to the April 25, 2025 merger of MeinMalzeBier. The unaudited pro forma combined statements of income for the year ended December 31, 2024 gives effect to the merger as if it had occurred on January 1, 2024 and the unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 gives effect to the merger as if it had occurred on that day.
The transaction accounting adjustments for the acquisition consist of necessary adjustments to account for the merger. The aggregate preliminary consideration paid by the Company in connection with the merger was $3,978,000 in cash and 4,680,000 shares of Class A shares of the Company (the “Company Shares,” and together with the cash portion, the “Merger Consideration”), which on April 25, 2025 were valued at $15,912,000. The assumptions and estimates for the preliminary adjustments to the unaudited pro forma combined financial information, are described in the accompanying notes, which should be read together with the unaudited pro forma combined financial information.
The unaudited pro forma combined financial statements have been prepared for illustrative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the future periods. The unaudited pro forma combined financial information does not purport to represent what our consolidated results of operation or consolidated financial condition would have been had the merger actually occurred on the dates indicated and does not intend to project the future consolidated results of operation or consolidated financial condition.
RETO ECO-SOLUTIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED BALANCE SHEET
As of December 31, 2024
| Transaction | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Historical | Accounting | Pro<br> Forma | ||||||||||||||||
| ReTo | MeinMalzeBier | Adjustments | Notes | Combined | ||||||||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||||||||||||
| Current Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cash<br> and cash equivalents | $ | 671,355 | $ | 9,994 | $ | (22,500 | ) | 4a | $ | 658,849 | ||||||||
| Accounts<br> receivable, net | 145,853 | 74,959 | - | 220,812 | ||||||||||||||
| Advances<br> to suppliers, net | 522,190 | - | 522,190 | |||||||||||||||
| Prepayments<br> and other current assets | 5,202 | 54,511 | - | 59,713 | ||||||||||||||
| Inventories | - | 71,518 | - | 71,518 | ||||||||||||||
| Due<br> from related parties | 24,048 | - | - | 24,048 | ||||||||||||||
| Total<br> Current Assets | 1,368,648 | 210,982 | (22,500 | ) | 1,557,130 | |||||||||||||
| Non-current<br> Assets: | ||||||||||||||||||
| Property,<br> plant and equipment, net | 21,497 | 219,447 | - | 240,944 | ||||||||||||||
| Intangible<br> assets, net | 7,654,767 | - | 1,152,833 | 4d | 8,807,600 | |||||||||||||
| Prepayment<br> for construction of properties | 6,663,795 | - | - | 6,663,795 | ||||||||||||||
| Right-of-use<br> assets | 28,085 | 69,416 | - | 97,501 | ||||||||||||||
| Deposits<br> for business acquisitions | 18,520,126 | - | (3,978,000 | ) | 4d | 14,542,126 | ||||||||||||
| Other non-current<br> assets | - | 8,821 | - | 8,821 | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | - | - | 9,145,818 | 4d | 9,145,818 | |||||||||||||
| Total<br> Non-current Assets | 32,888,270 | 297,684 | 6,320,651 | 39,506,605 | ||||||||||||||
| Total<br> Assets | $ | 34,256,918 | $ | 508,666 | $ | 6,298,151 | $ | 41,063,735 | ||||||||||
| LIABILITIES<br> AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||||||||||||
| Current<br> Liabilities: | ||||||||||||||||||
| Advances<br> from customers | $ | 1,213,465 | $ | - | $ | - | $ | 1,213,465 | ||||||||||
| Accounts<br> payable | 37,866 | 98,131 | - | 135,997 | ||||||||||||||
| Accrued<br> expenses and other liabilities | 2,338,075 | 28,317 | 192,112 | 4a | 2,558,504 | |||||||||||||
| Other payables<br> - related party | - | 367,017 | - | 367,017 | ||||||||||||||
| Loans from<br> third parties | 109,600 | - | - | 109,600 | ||||||||||||||
| Taxes payable | 249,628 | - | - | 249,628 | ||||||||||||||
| Stock payable | - | - | 2,967,055 | 4a | 2,967,055 | |||||||||||||
| Deferred<br> tax liability | - | - | 292,500 | 4d | 292,500 | |||||||||||||
| Lease liability<br> - current | - | 69,340 | - | 69,340 | ||||||||||||||
| Earnout<br> liability - current | - | - | 160,387 | 4d | 160,387 | |||||||||||||
| Total<br> Current Liabilities | 3,948,634 | 562,805 | 3,612,054 | 8,123,493 | ||||||||||||||
| Long-term<br> accounts payable | 383,598 | - | - | 383,598 | ||||||||||||||
| Lease liability<br> - noncurrent | - | 8,162 | - | 8,162 | ||||||||||||||
| Earnout<br> liability - noncurrent | - | - | 964,750 | 4d | 964,750 | |||||||||||||
| Total<br> Liabilities | $ | 4,332,232 | $ | 570,967 | $ | 4,576,804 | $ | 9,480,003 | ||||||||||
| Commitments<br> and Contingencies | ||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholders’<br> Equity: | ||||||||||||||||||
| Class<br> A shares, $-0- par value, unlimited shares authorized, 6,611,264 shares (including 4,680,000 shares in Escrow Account) issued<br> and outstanding* | - | - | - | 4c | - | |||||||||||||
| Class<br> B shares, $0.01 par value, 2,000,000 shares authorized, 1,000,000 shares and nil shares issued and<br> outstanding* | 10,000 | - | - | 10,000 | ||||||||||||||
| Ordinary<br> shares, $1 par value, 50,000 shares authorized, -0- shares issued and outstanding | - | 10 | (10 | ) | 4b | - | ||||||||||||
| Additional<br> paid-in capital | 100,740,868 | 282,432 | (344,733 | ) | 4b | 100,678,567 | ||||||||||||
| - | 4c | |||||||||||||||||
| Statutory<br> reserve | 1,072,895 | - | - | 1,072,895 | ||||||||||||||
| Accumulated<br> deficit | (71,813,934 | ) | (355,639 | ) | (3,181,667 | ) | 4a | (74,995,601 | ) | |||||||||
| 355,639 | 4b | |||||||||||||||||
| Accumulated<br> other comprehensive loss | (85,143 | ) | 10,896 | (10,896 | ) | 4b | (85,143 | ) | ||||||||||
| Non-controlling<br> interest | - | - | 4,903,014 | 4d | 4,903,014 | |||||||||||||
| Total<br> Shareholders’ Equity | 29,924,686 | (62,301 | ) | 1,721,347 | 31,583,732 | |||||||||||||
| Total<br> Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | $ | 34,256,918 | $ | 508,666 | $ | 6,298,151 | $ | 41,063,735 | ||||||||||
| * | All share and per-share amounts have been retroactively adjusted<br>to reflect: | |||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | |||||||||||||||||
| (i) | a 10-for-1 forward stock split effected on March 7, 2025, and | |||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- | |||||||||||||||||
| (ii) | the change in par value of Class A shares from $1.00 each to<br>no par value, effective May 12, 2025. | |||||||||||||||||
| --- | --- |
2
RETO ECO-SOLUTIONS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED STATEMENT OF INCOME
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
| Transaction | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Historical | Accounting | Pro<br> Forma | ||||||||||||||||
| ReTo | MeinMalzeBier | Adjustments | Notes | Combined | ||||||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 1,599,376 | $ | 111,460 | $ | - | $ | 1,710,836 | ||||||||||
| Revenues<br> – related parties | 229,600 | - | - | 229,600 | ||||||||||||||
| Total<br> Revenues | 1,828,976 | 111,460 | - | 1,940,436 | ||||||||||||||
| Cost<br> of revenues | 871,329 | 41,395 | - | 912,724 | ||||||||||||||
| Cost<br> of revenues – related parties | 132,443 | - | - | 132,443 | ||||||||||||||
| Total<br> cost of revenues | 1,003,772 | 41,395 | - | 1,045,167 | ||||||||||||||
| Gross<br> Profit | 825,204 | 70,065 | - | 895,269 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating<br> Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||||
| Selling<br> expenses | 330,828 | 205,117 | - | 535,945 | ||||||||||||||
| General<br> and administrative expenses | 3,927,450 | 208,888 | 3,181,667 | 5a | 7,318,005 | |||||||||||||
| (Recovery<br> of) provision for credit losses | 199,812 | - | - | 199,812 | ||||||||||||||
| Research<br> and development expenses | 498,168 | - | - | 498,168 | ||||||||||||||
| Total<br> Operating Expenses | 4,956,258 | 414,005 | 3,181,667 | 8,551,930 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss<br> from Operations | (4,131,054 | ) | (343,940 | ) | (3,181,667 | ) | (7,656,661 | ) | ||||||||||
| Other<br> Income (Expenses): | ||||||||||||||||||
| Interest<br> expenses | (3,183 | ) | (202 | ) | - | (3,385 | ) | |||||||||||
| Interest<br> income | 1,168 | - | - | 1,168 | ||||||||||||||
| Other<br> income (expenses), net | (602,228 | ) | - | - | (602,228 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Loss<br> from disposal of subsidiaries | (3,577,279 | ) | - | - | (3,577,279 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Change<br> in fair value of convertible debt | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| Total<br> Other Expenses, net | (4,181,522 | ) | (202 | ) | - | (4,181,724 | ) | |||||||||||
| Loss<br> Before Income Taxes | (8,312,576 | ) | (344,142 | ) | (3,181,667 | ) | (11,838,385 | ) | ||||||||||
| Income<br> Taxes Benefit | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||
| Net<br> loss from continuing operations | (8,312,576 | ) | (344,142 | ) | (3,181,667 | ) | (11,838,385 | ) | ||||||||||
| Net<br> loss from discontinued operations, net of taxes | (74,347 | ) | - | - | (74,347 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Net<br> Loss | (8,386,923 | ) | (344,142 | ) | (3,181,667 | ) | (11,912,732 | ) | ||||||||||
| Less:<br> Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest | (34,271 | ) | (168,630 | ) | - | (202,901 | ) | |||||||||||
| Net<br> loss attributable to ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc. | $ | (8,352,652 | ) | $ | (175,512 | ) | $ | (3,181,667 | ) | $ | (11,709,831 | ) | ||||||
| Comprehensive<br> Loss: | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net<br> Loss | $ | (8,386,923 | ) | $ | (344,142 | ) | $ | (3,181,667 | ) | $ | (11,912,732 | ) | ||||||
| Other<br> comprehensive income (loss): | ||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign<br> currency translation adjustment | 1,145,186 | 11,560 | - | 1,156,746 | ||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive<br> Loss | (7,241,737 | ) | (332,582 | ) | (3,181,667 | ) | (10,755,986 | ) | ||||||||||
| Less:<br> Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interest | (44,759 | ) | (162,966 | ) | - | (207,725 | ) | |||||||||||
| Comprehensive<br> loss attributable to ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc. | $ | (7,196,978 | ) | $ | (169,616 | ) | $ | (3,181,667 | ) | $ | (10,548,261 | ) | ||||||
| Net<br> loss attributable to ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Continuing<br> operations | (8,312,576 | ) | (175,512 | ) | (3,181,667 | ) | (11,669,755 | ) | ||||||||||
| Discontinued<br> operations | (40,076 | ) | - | - | (40,076 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Total | $ | (8,352,652 | ) | $ | (175,512 | ) | $ | (3,181,667 | ) | $ | (11,709,831 | ) | ||||||
| Basic<br> and Diluted Loss Per Share Attributable to ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc. | ||||||||||||||||||
| Continuing<br> operations | (10.10 | ) | (14.23 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Discontinued<br> operations | (0.10 | ) | (0.05 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | (10.20 | ) | $ | (14.28 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Weighted<br> average number of shares* | ||||||||||||||||||
| Basic<br> and diluted | 820,151 | 820,151 |
| * | All share and per-share amounts have been retroactively adjusted<br>to reflect: |
|---|---|
| (i) | a 10-for-1 forward stock split effected on March 7, 2025, and |
| --- | --- |
| (ii) | the change in par value of Class A shares from $1.00 each to<br>no par value, effective May 12, 2025. |
| --- | --- |
3
NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINEDFINANCIAL INFORMATION
Note 1. Description of the Transaction
On April 25, 2025, ReTo Eco-Solutions, Inc., a British Virgin Islands business company (“ReTo” or “Buyer”), entered into a Share Exchange Agreement (the “Share Exchange Agreement”), by and among (i) Buyer, (ii) MeinMalzeBier Holdings Limited, a British Virgin Islands business company (“MeinMalzeBier” or the “Company”), (iii) Lap Cheong Chan (“Mr. Chan” and, in the capacity as the representative of Sellers in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Share Exchange Agreement, the “Sellers’ Representative”) and (iv) Terence Kwong Lung Wong (“Mr. Wong” together with Mr. Chan, “Sellers”).
Pursuant to the Share Exchange Agreement, subject to the terms and conditions set forth therein, Sellers agreed to sell to ReTo, and ReTo agreed to buy, an aggregate of 5,100 ordinary shares, par value $1.00 per share (the “Company Shares”), of MeinMalzeBier, representing fifty-one percent (51%) of the issued and outstanding equity interests of MeinMalzeBier (the “Purchased Shares”) in exchange for cash and newly issued Class A shares, par value $1.00 per share (“Buyer Class A Shares”) of ReTo, as further described below (the “Share Exchange” together with the other transactions contemplated by the Share Exchange Agreement, the “Transactions”).
In full payment for the Purchased Shares, ReTo (i) paid to MeinMalzeBier an amount in cash equal to $3,978,000 (the “Cash Consideration”) and (ii) issued 4,680,000 Class A Shares (the “Exchanged Shares” and together with the Cash Consideration, the “Consideration”). The Share Exchange closed (the “Closing”) on April 25, 2025.
At the Closing, all of the Share Consideration (the “Escrow Earnout Shares”) otherwise issuable to Sellers (allocated pro rata among Sellers based on the Consideration otherwise issuable to them at the Closing) was deposited into a segregated escrow account with VStock Transfer, LLC, as escrow agent, and held in escrow together with any dividends, distributions or other income on the Escrow Earnout Shares (the “Escrow Property”) in accordance with an escrow agreement entered into in connection with the Transactions. The Escrow Property will be held in the escrow account and shall vest or be subject to forfeiture during the thirty-six (36) month period following the Closing, as described below. The Escrow Property shall also serve as the sole and exclusive source of payment for any post-Closing indemnification claims (other than claims arising from fraud, criminal activity or willful misconduct in connection with the Transactions). Sellers will not have the right to vote the Escrow Earnout Shares while they are held in escrow nor shall Sellers have the right to create any liens or other restrictions with respect to such Escrow Earnout Shares will such Escrow Earnout Shares are in escrow.
Earnout
Sellers will have a contingent right to receive the Escrow Earnout Shares after the Closing based on the Contributed Profits of MeinMalzeBier’s two operating companies (the “OperatingCompanies”) during the three (3) year period following the Closing (the “Earnout Period”). “Contributed Profits” means with respect to an Operating Company for any fiscal year, the amount of net income, if any, of such Operating Company determined in accordance with GAAP but excluding taxes and any amounts payable pursuant to the Management Services Agreement; provided, however, if after the Closing and during the Earnout Period, the Company or its subsidiaries acquire another business or material assets, then the Contributed Profits shall be computed without taking into consideration (i) the revenues of or generated by such acquired business or material assets or (ii) any impact such acquired business or material assets would have on the net income of an Operating Company. Contributed Profits also excludes (x) any extraordinary gains (such as from the sale of real property, investments, securities or fixed assets) or any other extraordinary income and (y) any revenues that are non-recurring and earned outside of the ordinary course.
4
Sellers shall be entitled to receive the Escrow Earnout Shares as follows:
| ● | If the Contributed Profits of the Operating Companies<br>for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 (the “2025 Contributed Profits”) is greater than $1,600,000 (the<br>“2025 Contributed Profits Target”) then each Seller shall be entitled to receive its pro rata share of thirty<br>percent (30%) of the Escrow Earnout Shares (the “2025 Escrow Earnout Shares”); provided, however,<br>the number of 2025 Escrow Earnout Shares that vest and become payable to each Seller shall be reduced by the number of shares forfeited<br>by Sellers as payment due in respect of its indemnification obligations. |
|---|---|
| ● | In the event that the Contributed Profits of<br>the Operating Companies do not exceed the 2025 Contributed Profits Target then (A) a number of 2025 Escrow Earnout Shares equal to the<br>product of (I) the number of 2025 Escrow Earnout Shares and (II) the quotient obtained by dividing 2025 Contributed Profits by the 2025<br>Contributed Profits Target, shall immediately vest and become payable to each Seller in accordance with their respective pro rata share<br>and (B) either, at Sellers’ Representative’s sole option: (I) Sellers shall forfeit and shall no longer be eligible to receive<br>the remaining 2025 Escrow Earnout Shares (but shall still be eligible to receive 2026 Escrow Earnout Shares and 2027 Escrow Earnout Shares)<br>or (II) Sellers shall be entitled to purchase all, but not less than all, of the remaining 2025 Escrow Earnout Shares for cash in an aggregate<br>amount equal to the 2025 Contributed Profits Target less the 2025 Contributed Profits. |
| --- | --- |
| ● | If the Contributed Profits of the Operating Companies<br>for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2026 (the “2026 Contributed Profits”) is greater than $2,800,000 (the<br>“2026 Contributed Profits Target”) then each Seller shall be entitled to receive its pro rata share of thirty<br>percent (30%) of the Escrow Earnout Shares (the “2026 Escrow Earnout Shares”); provided, however,<br>the number of 2026 Escrow Earnout Shares that vest and become payable to each Seller shall be reduced by the number of shares forfeited<br>by Sellers as payment due in respect of its indemnification obligations. |
| --- | --- |
| ● | In the event that the Contributed Profits of<br>the Operating Companies do not meet the 2026 Contributed Profits Target then (A) a number of 2026 Escrow Earnout Shares equal to the product<br>of (I) the number of 2026 Escrow Earnout Shares and (II) the quotient obtained by dividing 2026 Contributed Profits by the 2026 Contributed<br>Profits Target, shall immediately become vested and payable to each Seller in accordance with their respective pro rata share and (B)<br>either, at Sellers’ Representative’s sole option: (I) Sellers shall forfeit and shall no longer be eligible to receive the<br>remaining 2026 Escrow Earnout Shares (but shall still be eligible to receive 2027 Escrow Earnout Shares) or (II) Sellers shall be entitled<br>to purchase all, but not less than all, of the remaining 2026 Escrow Earnout Shares for cash in an aggregate amount equal to the 2026<br>Contributed Profits Target less the 2026 Contributed Profits. |
| --- | --- |
| ● | If the Contributed Profits of the Operating Companies<br>for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2027 is greater than $3,400,000 (the “2027 Contributed Profits Target”)<br>then each Seller shall be entitled to receive its pro rata share of forty percent (40%) of the Escrow Earnout Shares (the “2027Escrow Earnout Shares”); provided, however, the number of 2027 Escrow Earnout Shares that vest and become payable<br>to each Seller shall be reduced by the number of shares forfeited by Sellers as payment due in respect of its indemnification obligations. |
| --- | --- |
| ● | In the event that the Contributed Profits of<br>the Operating Companies do not meet the 2027 Contributed Profits Target then (A) a number of 2027 Escrow Earnout Shares equal to the product<br>of (I) the number of 2027 Escrow Earnout Shares and (II) the quotient obtained by dividing 2027 Contributed Profits by the 2027 Contributed<br>Profits Target, shall immediately become vested and payable to each Seller in accordance with their respective pro rata share and (B)<br>either, at Sellers’ Representative’s sole option: (I) Sellers shall forfeit and shall no longer be eligible to receive the<br>remaining 2027 Escrow Earnout Shares or (II) Sellers shall be entitled to purchase all but not less than all of the remaining 2027 Escrow<br>Earnout Shares for cash in an aggregate amount equal to the 2027 Contributed Profits Target less the 2027 Contributed<br>Profits. |
| --- | --- |
5
If the Contributed Profits of the Operating Companies exceed the targets in each year during the Earnout Period, then ReTo shall issue to the Sellers an aggregate number of Buyer Class A Shares equal to the product of (a) the quotient obtained by dividing the Total Excess Profits by 3 and (b) the quotient obtained by dividing (i) 10 by (ii) the Price Per Newly Issued Earnout Share. “TotalExcess Profits” means the sum of the Contributed Profits during the Earnout Period less the sum of the Contributed Profits targets. “Price Per Newly Issued Earnout Share” means the closing price of Buyer Class A Shares quoted on Nasdaq on the first trading day after the end of each applicable earnout year subject to a collar as described in the Share Exchange Agreement.
If there is a final determination that Sellers are entitled to receive Escrow Earnout Shares, then such Escrow Earnout Shares will be allocated pro rata among Sellers. The number of Escrow Earnout Shares shall be appropriately adjusted to reflect any reclassification, recapitalization, share split (including a share consolidation), or combination, exchange, readjustment of shares, or similar transaction, or any share dividend or distribution paid in shares with respect to the Buyer Class A Shares subsequent to the Closing Date.
Note 2. Basis of Presentation
The unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 and the unaudited pro forma combined statement of incomes for the year ended December 31, 2024 are based on the historical financial statements of ReTo and the combined financial statements of MeinMalzeBier. The unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet was prepared using the ReTo condensed consolidated balance sheet, the MeinMalzeBier combined balance sheet and gives effect to the transaction as if it had occurred on December 31, 2024. The unaudited pro forma combined statements of income were prepared using the ReTo condensed consolidated statements of income, the MeinMalzeBier combined statement of income and gives effect to the transaction as if it had occurred on January 1, 2024.
The unaudited pro forma combined financial statements were accounted for using the acquisition method in accordance with business combination accounting guidance as provided by Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification 805, Business Combinations (“ASC 805”). Under the acquisition method of accounting, the Company allocates the purchase price of a business acquisition based on the fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible assets. Goodwill is recognized to the extent that the purchase consideration exceeds the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company uses its best estimate to determine the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. During the measurement period, which can be up to one year after the acquisition date, the Company can make adjustments to the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, with the offset being an adjustment to goodwill.
The unaudited pro forma combined financial statements have been prepared for illustrative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of the operating results for the future periods. The unaudited pro forma combined financial statements were based on Transaction Accounting Adjustments and do not reflect any operating efficiencies, synergies or cost savings that the Company may achieve, or any additional operating expenses that may be incurred with respect to the combined company.
The unaudited pro forma combined financial statements should be read in conjunction with ReTo’s audited financial statements included in its Annual Report on Form 20-F for the annual period ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on May 9, 2025 (“ReTo 20-F”).
Note 3. Estimated Merger Considerationand Preliminary Purchase Price Allocation
The transaction was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with ASC 805, and as such, assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and consideration transferred were recorded at their estimated fair values on the acquisition date. The fair value of the assets and liabilities in the unaudited pro forma combined financial statements are based upon a preliminary assessment of fair value and may change as valuations for certain tangible assets and intangible assets are finalized and the associated income tax impacts are determined. The Company expects to finalize the purchase price allocation as soon as practicable, but no longer than one year from the acquisition date.
6
The following table summarizes the preliminary allocation of the consideration paid for MeinMalzeBier to the preliminary estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date, with the excess recorded to goodwill.
| Cash consideration | 3,978,000 | |
|---|---|---|
| Shares consideration (a) | 1,125,137 | |
| Total consideration | 5,103,137 | |
| 51 | % | |
| 100% of equity value | 10,006,151 | |
| Assets acquired: | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 3,196 | |
| Accounts receivable | 80,719 | |
| Prepaid assets and other receivable | 63,382 | |
| Inventories | 90,377 | |
| Fixed assets, net | 215,197 | |
| Right-of-use assets | 107,718 | |
| Other non-current assets | 2,731 | |
| Intangible assets-customer relationship (b) | 1,152,833 | |
| Goodwill (c) | 9,341,265 | |
| Total assets acquired | 11,057,417 | |
| Liabilities assumed: | ||
| Accounts payable | 105,559 | |
| Other payables | 493,957 | |
| Other payables - related party | 50,370 | |
| Lease liability | 108,881 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | 292,500 | |
| Total liabilities assumed | 1,051,267 | |
| Estimated fair value of net assets acquired | 10,006,151 |
All values are in US Dollars.
| (a) | Total of 4,680,000 shares were held in the Escrow Account, however<br>298,984 shares were expected to be vested based on the Monte Carlo Simulation Valuation Model. The significant assumptions which the<br>Company used in the model are listed below. The fair value of the shares consideration is calculated using the number of vested shares<br>* the stock price on the Closing Date. | |
|---|---|---|
| Stock price | 3.88 | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Time-Step for simulation | 0.34-1.00 | |
| Calculation period | 0.68-2.68 | |
| Risk-free interest rate | 1.46 | % |
| Volatility | 18 | % |
All values are in US Dollars.
| (b) | Intangible assets acquired includes customer relationship with<br>an estimated fair value of $1,152,833. |
|---|---|
| (c) | The above purchase price allocation does not give effect to<br>certain pro forma adjustments that were included in the unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements that would ultimately<br>impact the purchase price allocation. For any proforma adjustments that were not captured within the closing balance sheet at the time<br>the purchase price allocation was performed, an adjustment was made to goodwill. |
| --- | --- |
The preliminary purchase price allocation above, which is as of the acquisition date of April 25, 2025, has been used to prepare the transaction accounting adjustments in the unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet and unaudited pro forma combined statement of income.
7
Note 4. Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma CombinedBalance Sheet
The following is a description of the preliminary transaction accounting adjustments reflected in the unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet.
| a. | Represents estimated non-recurring transaction costs of approximately $3,182,000 that were incurred by<br>ReTo subsequent to December 31, 2024. |
|---|---|
| b. | Represents the elimination of the historical accumulated deficit of MeinMalzeBier. |
| --- | --- |
| c. | Represents the issuance of 4,680,000 Class A ordinary shares in Escrow Account. |
| --- | --- |
| d. | Represents the payment of cash and earnout shares consideration. Additionally, the Goodwill adjustment<br>reflects the purchase price paid in excess of the preliminary estimated fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. See Note<br>3 for further details on the purchase price allocation and goodwill. |
| --- | --- |
Note 5. Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma CombinedStatement of Income
The following is a description of preliminary transaction accounting adjustments reflected in the unaudited pro forma combined statement of income.
| a. | Represents estimated non-recurring transaction costs of approximately $3,182,000 that were incurred by<br>ReTo subsequent to December 31, 2024. |
|---|
8


